1956:
3121:
1439:
2613:, Hitler explained the process by which the Nazi flag design was created: It was necessary to use the same colours as Imperial Germany, because in Hitler's opinion they were "revered colours expressive of our homage to the glorious past and which once brought so much honour to the German nation." The most important requirement was that "the new flag ... should prove effective as a large poster" because "in hundreds of thousands of cases a really striking emblem may be the first cause of awakening interest in a movement." Nazi propaganda clarified the symbolism of the flag: the red colour stood for the social, white for the movement's national thinking and the swastika for the victory of Aryan humanity and the victory of productive humanity.
1054:
1451:
2863:
1601:
2716:
2285:
2518:
1487:
7108:
2851:
3047:
1898:
2954:
764:
3226:), public use of the national flag increased drastically. This explosion in the flag's occurrence in day-to-day life was initially greeted by many Germans with a mixture of surprise and apprehension. The decades-old fear that German flag-waving and national pride was inextricably associated with its Nazi past was dismissed by the end of the tournament by Germans and non-Germans alike. As many Germans regarded showing their flag as part of support for their own team in the tournament, most flags disappeared after the end of a tournament, sometimes due to administrative decisions.
2495:
2473:
2030:
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80:
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2484:
2277:
2060:
1908:
1497:
1059:
210:
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769:
756:
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335:
854:
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2055:
1903:
1492:
288:
283:
200:
195:
75:
70:
1920:
330:
170:
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1735:
2770:(British zone), chose to use the black-red-gold tricolour as their flag, defaced with the state's coat of arms. These two states were formed from parts of other states, and no colour combinations from these previous states were accepted as a new state flag. This led to the use of the black-red-gold for two reasons: the colours did not relate particularly to any one of the previous states, and using the old flag from the Weimar Republic was intended to be a symbol of the new democracy.
266:
1161:
669:
7320:
1810:
293:
205:
1548:
3149:
603:
1799:
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5469:
1562:
3256:
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45:
784:. Most town halls fly their town flag together with the national flag in this way; many town flags in Germany exist only in vertical form. The proportions of these vertical flags are not specified. In 1996, a layout for the vertical version of the government flag was established, that coincidentally matched the pattern of the "conventional" black-red-gold flag of the
2420:. This organisation was formed to protect the fragile democracy of the Weimar Republic, which was under constant pressure by both the far right and far left. Through this organisation, the black-red-gold flag became not only a symbol of German democracy, but also of resistance to political extremism. This was summarised by the organisation's first chairman,
1141:) stated that the usage of "black–red–yellow" and the like had "through years of Nazi agitation, attained the significance of a malicious slander against the democratic symbols of the state" and was now an offence. As summarised by heraldist Arnold Rabbow in 1968, "the German colours are black–red–yellow but they are called black–red–gold."
1791:
for liberty, and the golden dawn of freedom. In a memoir, Anton
Probsthan of Mecklenburg, who served in the LĂĽtzow Free Corps, claimed his relative Fraulein Nitschke of Jena presented the Burschenschaft with a flag at the time of its foundation, and for this purpose chose the black-red-and-gold colours of the defunct secret society
3078:, the black-red-gold tricolour was instead selected as the flag of the German Democratic Republic upon the formation of this state on 7 October 1949. From 1949 to 1959, the flags of both West and East Germany were identical. On 1 October 1959, the East German government changed its flag with the addition of
567:, which were mostly worn by university students and were formed during the struggle against the occupying forces of Napoleon. Whatever the true explanation, those colours soon came to be regarded as the national colours of Germany during that brief period. Especially after their reintroduction during the
2754:
in 1946. As its flag, WĂĽrttemberg-Baden adopted the black-red-gold tricolour. The choice of these colours was not based on the historical use of the tricolour, but the simple addition of gold to WĂĽrttemberg's colours of red and black. Coincidentally, Baden's colours were red and yellow, so the colour
1790:
proposed a black-red-gold banner for the
Burschen. Some members interpreted the colours as a rebirth of the Imperial black-yellow colours embellished with the red of liberty or the blood of war. More radical students exclaimed that the colours stood for the black night of slavery, the bloody struggle
1671:
and became
Francis I of Austria. Taking the colours of the banner of the Holy Roman Emperor, the flag of the Austrian Empire was black and gold. Francis II was the last Holy Roman Emperor, with Napoleon forcing the empire's dissolution in 1806. After this point, these colours continued to be used as
800:
is displayed in the centre of the flag, overlapping with up to one fifth of the black and gold bands. When hung like a banner or draped, the black band should be on the left, as illustrated. When flown from a vertical flagpole, the black band must face the staff. The only type of vertical flag that
2435:
In the face of the increasingly violent conflicts between the communists and Nazis, the growing polarisation of the German population and a multitude of other factors, mainly the drastic economic sinking, extreme hyperinflation and corruption of the republic, the Weimar
Republic collapsed in 1933
1975:
was definitely restored under
Austrian-Prussian leadership. The tricolour remained official but was no longer used before 1863 at a conference of the German governments. Afterwards, the most pressing issue was whether or not to include Austria in any future German nation, as Austria's status as a
2177:
The question regarding what flag should be adopted by the new confederation was first raised by the shipping sector and its desire to have an internationally recognisable identity. Virtually all international shipping that belonged to the confederation originated from either
Prussia or the three
3135:
in
November 1989, many East Germans removed the coat of arms from their flags to imply the plain black-red-gold tricolour symbolic of a united Germany. The widespread act of removing the coat of arms from the East German flag implied the plain black-red-gold tricolour as symbol for a united and
1872:
for freedom, unity, and civil rights. The colours black, red, and gold had become a well established symbol for the liberal, democratic and republican movement within the German states since the
Wartburg Festival, and flags in these colours were flown en masse at the Hambach Festival. While
1944:, revolutionaries took to the streets, many flying the tricolour. The Confederation's Bundestag, alarmed by the events, hasted to adopt the tricolour (9 March 1848). Liberals took power and made the Bundestag call for general elections for a German parliament, the national assembly. This
1725:
in the unit were red and black. As the members of this unit came from all over
Germany and included a modest but well known number of university students and academics, the LĂĽtzow Free Corps and their colours gained considerable exposure among the German people.
3061:
While the use of black-red-gold had been suggested in the Soviet zone in 1946, the Second People's
Congress in 1948 decided to adopt the old black-white-red tricolour as a national flag for East Germany. This choice was based on the use of these colours by the
3164:
and those members of German royalty who long for the peaceful reintroduction of a German democratic monarchy. This use of the old flag is almost completely overshadowed by its prevalent use by the far right, however; since the aforementioned ban on all
1406:. When flags are required to be flown at half-staff, vertical flags are not lowered. A black mourning ribbon is instead attached, either atop the staff (if hung from a pole) or to each end of the flag's supporting cross-beams (if flown like a banner).
3144:
was formed. The duty of this organisation, directly responsible to the federal government, is to examine the consequences of the former East German regime. As its logo, the foundation used an East German flag with the Communist coat of arms cut out.
3213:
In Germany, the use of the flag and other national symbols has been relatively low for most of the time since World War II – a reaction against the widespread use of flags by the Nazi Party and against nationalistic fervour in general. During the
2348:, the old colours continued to be used in various forms. Many conservatives wanted the old colours to return, while monarchists and the far right were far more vocal with their objections, referring to the new flag with various derogatory names (
1775:
eventually adopted a flag with three equal horizontal bands of red, black, and red, with gold trim and a golden oak branch across the black band, following the colours of the uniforms of the Free Corps. The famous gymnast and student union
3103:. After the East German national flag was changed in 1959, neither country accepted the flag of the other. As a compromise, a new flag was used by the United Team of Germany from 1960 to 1964, featuring the black-red-gold tricolour
1855:. Therefore, the colours black, red, and gold eventually became symbolic of this desire for a unified German state. The Ministerial Council of the German Confederation, in its determination to maintain the status quo, enacted the
1706:. This unit had uniforms in black with red facings and gold buttons. The colour choice had pragmatic origins, even though black-red-gold were the former colours used by the Holy Roman Empire. At the time, the colours represented:
2595:. When the German ambassador protested, US officials responded that the German national flag had not been harmed, only a political party symbol. The new flag law was announced at the annual party rally in Nuremberg, where
3244:, etc.) and their showing of the German flag as a symbol of their nationalism, the flag again became more widespread but remained somewhat contentious in everyday life. Mainstream society remains hesitant to use the colours.
2300:
was founded in August 1919. To form a continuity between the anti-autocratic movement of the 19th century and the new democratic republic, the old black-red-gold tricolour was designated as the national German flag in the
3111:
in the red stripe. In 1968 the teams from the two German states entered separately, but both used the same German Olympic flag. From 1972 to 1988, the separate West and East German teams used their respective national
3871:
2602:
The design of the Nazi flag was introduced by Hitler as the party flag in mid-1920, roughly a year before (29 July 1921) he became his political party's leader: a flag with a red background, a white disk and a black
2552:
was appointed chancellor on 30 January 1933 the black-red-gold flag was banned; a ruling on 12 March established two legal flags: the reintroduced black-white-red imperial tricolour national flag and the flag of the
873:
Following specifications set by the West German government in 1950, the flag displays three bars of equal width and has a width–length ratio of 3:5; the tricolour used during the Weimar Republic had a ratio of 2:3.
5298:
2835:. Although there were objections to the creation of a national flag before reunification with the east, it was decided to proceed. This decision was primarily motivated by the proposed constitution by the eastern
1062:
A version of the German flag where the golden band is of a metallic golden colour. This version was sometimes used in official publications before the introduction of the federal government's corporate design in
2682:. Although there was neither a national German government nor a German flag, German ships were required by international law to have a national ensign of some kind. As a provisional civil ensign of Germany, the
3233:, usage of the German flag had been increasing sporadically. In the following period the display of the German flag colours, even outside stadiums, was regularly limited to the period of major sporting events.
1873:
contemporary illustrations showed prominent use of a gold-red-black tricolour (an upside-down version of the modern German flag), surviving flags from the event were in black-red-gold. Such an example is the
4295:
3319:
388:
355:
1122:(black–red–mustard). When the Nazis came to power in 1933, the black–white–red colours of pre-1918 Imperial Germany were swiftly reintroduced, and their propaganda machine continued to discredit the
5334:
1717:
Members of the corps were required to supply their own clothing: in order to present a uniform appearance it was easiest to dye all clothes black. Gold-coloured buttons were widely available, and
3136:
democratic Germany. Finally, on 3 October 1990, as the area of the German Democratic Republic was absorbed into the Federal Republic of Germany, the black-red-gold tricolour became the flag of a
1949:
2227:
that was a predecessor of the Kingdom of Prussia. The absence of gold from the flag also made it clear that this German state did not include the "black and gold" monarchy of Austria. In the
1955:
3180:, etc.) is still in effect within today's Germany, the far right have been forced to forgo any Nazi flags and instead use the old imperial flag, which the Nazis themselves banned in 1935.
1698:, the German struggle against the occupying French forces was significantly symbolised by the colours of black, red, and gold, which became popular after their use in the uniforms of the
1996:
in 1866. During the war, the southern states allied with Austria adopted the black-red-gold tricolour as their flag, and the 8th German Army Corps also wore black-red-gold armbands. The
511:
There are many theories in circulation regarding the origins of the colour scheme used in the 1848 flag. It has been proposed that the colours were those of the Jena Students' League (
3754:
3020:
co-conspirator Josef. The tricolour was ultimately selected, largely to illustrate the continuity between the Weimar Republic and this new German state. With the enactment of the
3082:. In West Germany, these changes were seen as a deliberate attempt to divide the two Germanies. Displaying this flag in West Germany and West Berlin—where it became known as the
1754:—the last Holy Roman Emperor—as its president. The confederation did not have a flag of its own, although the black-red-gold tricolour is sometimes mistakenly attributed to it.
3602:
730:
The government flag may only be used by federal government authorities and its use by others is an offence, punishable with a fine. However, public use of flags similar to the
7215:
3035:
as its flag. To demonstrate the commitment of the Saar to be a part of West Germany, a new flag was selected on 9 July 1956: the black-red-gold tricolour defaced with the new
5908:
1992:(Lesser German) solution for a Germany that encompassed only German lands and excluded Austria. The Prussian–Austrian duality within the Confederation eventually led to the
1037:
The value given here is an alternative to the following more-complicated combination: Yellow (765 g), Red 032 (26 g), Black (11 g), Transp. White (198 g)
5288:
1683:, a confederation of Napoleonic client states. These states preferred to use their own flags. The confederation had no flag of its own; instead it used the blue-white-red
2823:, the three western Allies met in March 1948 to merge their zones of occupation and allow the formation of what became the Federal Republic of Germany, commonly known as
2709:
1580:(13th–17th century). Hanseatic trading ships were identifiable by their red-white pennants, and most Hanseatic cities adopted red and white as their city colours (see
5367:
5651:
5646:
5084:
1750:, a loose union of all remaining German states after the Napoleonic Wars. The Confederation was created as a replacement for the now-extinct Holy Roman Empire, with
2340:
This change was not welcomed by many people in Germany, who saw this new flag as a symbol of humiliation following Germany's defeat in the First World War. In the
79:
5656:
5061:
422:
Since the mid-19th century, Germany has two competing traditions of national colours, black-red-gold and black-white-red. Black-red-gold were the colours of the
5606:
1398:
are also flag days in some states, in addition to other state-specific flag days. The public display of flags to mark other events, such as the election of the
4299:
4137:
1820:
Since the students who served in the LĂĽtzow Free Corps came from various German states, the idea of a unified German state began to gain momentum within the
2862:
2831:. During the preparation of the new constitution for West Germany, discussions regarding its national symbols took place in August 1948 during a meeting at
3458:
3454:
2359:
The symbols of Imperial Germany became symbols of monarchist and nationalist protest and were often used by monarchist and nationalist organisations (e.g.
1519:
was flown alongside the black-gold imperial banner. This flag, known as the "Saint George Flag", was a white cross on a red background: the reverse of the
801:
can be flown under the Federal Government Decree is a banner. Flags in vertical format, vertical flags with outrigger and hanging flags are not permitted.
5324:
2373:(war flag of the Reich), which has been revived in the present for similar use. Many nationalist political parties during the Weimar period—such as the
3371:[The federal flag consists of three horizontal stripes of equal breadth, black at the top, red in the middle, and gold-coloured at the bottom.]
1924:
4646:
5626:
4515:
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on a golden background. After the late 13th or early 14th century, the claws and beak of the eagle were coloured red. From the early 15th century, a
3792:
5671:
4864:
4484:
3141:
1639:
comprises Germany – the Reuss elder line that ruled the principality used a flag whose proportions were close to a "nearly square"-shape 4:5
472:
Black-red-gold is the official flag of the Federal Republic of Germany. As an official symbol of the constitutional order, it is protected against
3633:
6075:
5918:
5641:
3353:
5621:
4436:
4179:
2984:
While there were other suggestions for the new flag for West Germany, the final choice was between two designs, both using black-red-gold. The
4940:
2616:
An off-centred disk version of the swastika flag was used as the civil ensign on German-registered civilian ships and was used as the jack on
6280:
5676:
3439:
3383:"Zur Auflösung der Jenaer Burschenschaft / Wir hatten gebauet ein stattliches Haus free midi mp3 download Strand Hotel Sechelt bed breakfast"
3021:
2000:
and its predominately north German allies defeated Austria and made way for the realisation of the Lesser German solution a few years later.
1280:
862:
641:
449:. This nation state for Prussia and other north and central German states was expanded to the south German states in 1870–71, under the name
3486:
5681:
5233:
5112:
2337:(gold) in their flag. As a civil ensign, the black-white-red tricolour was retained, albeit with the new tricolour in the top left corner.
3544:
5661:
1826:
and similar Burschenschaft that were subsequently formed throughout the Confederation. On 18 October 1817, the fourth anniversary of the
209:
3762:
2599:
claimed the old black-white-red flag, while honoured, was the symbol of a bygone era and under threat of being used by "reactionaries".
644:
in 1949. Following the creation of separate government and military flags in later years, the plain tricolour is now used as the German
453:. It kept these colours until the revolution of 1918–19. Thereafter, black-white-red became a symbol of the political right. The Nazis (
7275:
5631:
5611:
5266:
5200:
5167:
4415:
3120:
2490:, co-official with the Nazi party swastika flag. It used a slightly different aspect ratio than the previous flag of the German Empire.
1403:
3667:
2909:
7280:
6827:
5666:
5616:
3598:
3413:
1157:
on 22 March 2005, the flag must be flown from public buildings on the following dates. Only 1 May and 3 October are public holidays.
3875:
3446:
652:. This flag is also used by non-federal authorities to show their connection to the federal government, e.g. the authorities of the
7248:
6566:
5806:
5636:
5406:
2921:
4209:
2755:
choice could be mistaken for a combination of the two flags. In 1952, WĂĽrttemberg-Baden became part of the modern German state of
2743:
2235:. A new constitution of 1871 gave the federal state the new name of German Empire and the Prussian king the title of Emperor. The
6747:
1213:
544:
3907:
1979:
5433:
5029:
4732:
1438:
4921:
Rabbow, Arnold (May–August 1983). "A Flag Against Hitler. The 1944 National Flag Proposal of the German Resistance Movement".
3974:
3942:
3699:
3513:
2850:
6040:
4899:
4840:
3731:
3063:
3051:
2361:
4053:
2253:, adopted upon the country's independence in 1958 and used until 1984, when the nation was overthrown and re-established as
2242:
The black-white-red tricolour remained the flag of Germany until the end of the German Empire in 1918, in the final days of
7363:
6347:
5357:
4805:
4773:
4702:
4240:
2989:
2561:
2449:
2382:
4333:
2356:). As a compromise, the old black-white-red flag was reintroduced in 1922 to represent German diplomatic missions abroad.
1402:
or the death of a prominent politician (whereupon flags would be at half-staff), can be declared at the discretion of the
6194:
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2687:
2239:
retained black, white, and red as its national colours. An ordinance of 1892 dealt with the official use of the colours.
1937:
423:
287:
199:
74:
4545:
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4115:
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Following the reunification of Germany and the fall of the Berlin Wall, many Germans cut out the emblem of East Germany.
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6050:
5995:
5094:
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3576:
2985:
2739:
2413:
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with banners displayed in mourning (note the black ribbons atop each staff) after the death of former German president
5053:
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7353:
7348:
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4390:
2993:
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2941:
2795:
2726:
2505:
2483:
2374:
2276:
2167:
2059:
1907:
1496:
1224:
1058:
2742:, and new state governments were established. Within the American zone, the northern halves of the former states of
2543:
5054:"Gesetz zur Ă„nderung des Gesetzes ĂĽber das Staatswappen und die Staatsflagge der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik"
3390:
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used immediately following World War II was the signal pennant for the letter E ending in a swallowtail, and the
2318:
1511:
The colours red and white were also significant during this period. When the Holy Roman Empire took part in the
6885:
6383:
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5883:
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Die Bundesflagge besteht aus drei gleich breiten Querstreifen, oben schwarz, in der Mitte rot, unten goldfarben
3219:
1751:
1660:
1640:
1420:
3031:
voted to join West Germany. Since its establishment as a separate French protectorate in 1947, the Saar had a
1971:
In May 1849, the larger states actively fought the revolution and the Frankfurt parliament. In late 1850, the
6820:
6677:
6453:
6315:
6219:
6118:
2391:
2322:
1621:
476:. According to §90a of the German penal code, the consequences are a fine or imprisonment up to three years.
404:
5691:
3024:
on 23 May 1949, the black-red-gold tricolour was readopted as the flag for the Federal Republic of Germany.
2212:
was enacted, where a horizontal black-white-red tricolour was declared to be both the civil and war ensign.
1711:
Out of the blackness (black) of servitude through bloody (red) battles to the golden (gold) light of freedom
1053:
461:
in 1933. After World War II, black-white-red was still used by some conservative groups or by groups of the
7301:
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Rabbow, Arnold (2007). "Schwarz-Rot-Gold: Einheit in Freiheit" [Black-Red-Gold. Unity in Freedom].
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image, so the reverse side had a "left-facing" swastika; the national flag was right-facing on both sides.
1450:
1301:
1209:
1095:. For the German flag, such a distinction is made: the colour used in the flag is called gold, not yellow.
496:
surfaced in the radical 1840s, when the black-red-gold flag was used to symbolise the movement against the
5485:
5450:
4507:
1952:
stating its civil ensign was the black-red-yellow tricolour. Also, a naval war ensign used these colours.
6492:
6405:
5857:
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incident" of 26 July 1935, in which a group of demonstrators in New York City boarded the ocean liner SS
2306:
2054:
1625:
1609:
416:
371:
69:
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4476:
3039:, also proposed on this day. This flag came into force on 1 January 1957, upon the establishment of the
2959:
2936:
2874:
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2500:
2478:
2174:. This national state consisted of Prussia, the largest member state, and 21 other north German states.
7285:
7092:
6905:
6415:
6327:
6305:
6224:
6209:
6025:
6005:
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5555:
5426:
3625:
2573:, the dual flag arrangement was ended, with the exclusive use of the Nazi flag as the national flag of
2314:
2220:
2163:
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785:
559:
446:
435:
334:
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3088:(divider-flag)—was seen as a breach of the constitution and subsequently banned until the late 1960s.
2635:
From 1933 to at least 1938, the Nazis sometimes "sanctified" swastika flags by touching them with the
194:
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2487:
2216:
2209:
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2013:
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When the black–red–gold tricolour was adopted by the Weimar Republic as its flag, it was attacked by
442:
19:
4171:
3345:
2663:
2162:
Following the dissolution of the German Confederation, Prussia formed its unofficial successor, the
6813:
6644:
6606:
6443:
6214:
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in November 1946, where black-red-gold were suggested as the colours for a future German republic.
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909:
678:
538:
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4385:
Brian Leigh Davis: Flags & standards of the Third Reich, Macdonald & Jane's, London 1975,
3222:
made a deep run into the knockout rounds (being eliminated in the semi-finals by eventual winners
2509:
National flag and naval jack of Germany (1935–1945). An alternate centre-disc version used by the
2231:, the remaining southern German states allied with the North German Confederation, leading to the
1612:
in 1778, the first-ever black-red-gold tricolour flag was adopted within a German sovereign state.
563:. Another claim goes back to the uniforms (mainly black with red facings and gold buttons) of the
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5792:
5223:
4074:
3478:
3269:
3241:
3192:
3132:
3012:. Wirmer suggested a variant of the 1944 "Resistance" flag (using the black-red-gold scheme in a
2409:
2325:
had upheld the 1778-established tradition, and had always continued to use the German colours of
2250:
1476:
718:
339:
237:
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proposed the re-introduction of the old Weimar flag, while the conservative parties such as the
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6139:
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2683:
2662:
abolished all Nazi symbols and repealed all relevant laws. The possession of swastika flags is
2659:
2405:
2284:
2232:
1632:
was the first-ever appearance of the black-red-gold tricolour in its modern arrangement in any
1329:
657:
7107:
2827:. Meanwhile, the eastern Soviet zone became the German Democratic Republic, commonly known as
2187:
7261:
7141:
6977:
6742:
6561:
6546:
6509:
5743:
5550:
5419:
3046:
3003:
2705:
2651:. It is unknown whether this tradition was continued after the last Nuremberg rally in 1938.
2037:
1787:
877:
At the time of the adoption of the flag there were no exact colour specifications other than
273:
177:
52:
5256:
5190:
5157:
4970:
4407:
2517:
1883:
during the festival: a black-red-gold tricolour where the red band contains the inscription
1486:
721:, whose main differences are the illustration of the eagle and the shape of the shield: the
7146:
7097:
6524:
6468:
6352:
6290:
6285:
6255:
6187:
6165:
6113:
6015:
5763:
5758:
5520:
5442:
3659:
3289:
3137:
3096:
3092:
3075:
2953:
2779:
2763:
2735:
2535:
1972:
1945:
1835:
1830:, hundreds of fraternity members and academics from across the Confederation states met in
1747:
1520:
1399:
1352:
1235:
Established for German labour unions to demonstrate for the promotion of workers' welfare.
607:
458:
431:
400:
27:
23:
18:
This article is about the flag of the Federal Republic of Germany. Not to be confused with
5468:
3626:"Anordnung des Bundespräsidenten über die Dienstflagge der Seestreitkräfte der Bundeswehr"
3328:
Aus der Schwärze der Knechtschaft durch blutige Schlachten ans goldene Licht der Freiheit.
2756:
2751:
1699:
564:
8:
7077:
6707:
6601:
6576:
6571:
6448:
6393:
6332:
6238:
5969:
5903:
5728:
5500:
5141:
5119:
by the Foundation for the Reappraisal of the SED Dictatorship. Retrieved on 9 March 2008.
4321:
3512:[Administrative Offences Act § 124: Use of crest or official flags] (in German).
3443:
3230:
3215:
3188:
2997:
2930:
2629:
2564:
2302:
2228:
2219:
was satisfied with the colour choice: the red and white were also taken to represent the
1993:
1941:
1897:
1656:
1480:
1471:
after 1512) did not have a national flag, but black and gold were used as colours of the
1395:
1255:
946:
711:("Federal Shield"), which overlaps with up to one fifth of the black and gold bands. The
6065:
1679:
With the end of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, many of its dukes and princes joined the
7047:
7007:
6987:
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6870:
6773:
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6388:
6366:
6342:
6270:
6204:
6134:
6045:
5964:
5933:
5842:
5819:
5228:
4201:
3299:
3183:
3125:
2890:
2691:
2539:
2528:
adopted in 1935, with some minor changes in 1938, used by the army and navy until 1945.
2521:
2368:
2009:
1997:
1743:
1652:
1472:
1429:
889:
for the German government which defined the specifications of the official colours as:
882:
838:
763:
611:
497:
2700:). The Council ruled that "no ceremony shall be accorded this flag which shall not be
2494:
2472:
2029:
1584:). Red and white still feature as the colours of many former Hanseatic cities such as
7174:
6982:
6727:
6702:
6649:
6596:
6410:
6182:
5974:
5560:
5090:
4836:
4386:
3897:
3104:
3028:
3013:
2899:
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2381:(Nazi Party)—used the imperial colours, a practice that has continued today with the
1852:
1827:
1664:
1504:
1464:
702:
653:
619:
572:
5021:
4740:
4508:"Verordnung über die vorläufige Regelung der Flaggenführung auf Kauffahrteischiffen"
4455:
3689:
2596:
742:) is tolerated, and such flags are sometimes seen at international sporting events.
7226:
7194:
7179:
7126:
7062:
7057:
7032:
6890:
6789:
6737:
6732:
6722:
6717:
6712:
6539:
6504:
6478:
6150:
5954:
5923:
5878:
5873:
5540:
4889:
4328:[Decree of the President for the provisional regulation of raising flags].
3964:
3932:
3509:
3032:
2721:
2644:
2578:
2513:
was the co-official party flag along with the tricolour national flag (1933–1935).
2401:
2326:
1987:
1869:
1856:
1802:
1760:
1577:
1340:
962:
886:
842:
592:
534:
375:
367:
130:
7164:
3721:
3567:"Flag hoisting formats and terminology (Germany, Austria, and adjacent countries)"
2972:
2460:
7324:
7087:
7037:
6997:
6955:
6950:
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6920:
6915:
6910:
6895:
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6855:
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6692:
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6629:
6055:
5773:
5733:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5588:
5510:
5490:
5135:
5116:
4537:
4441:
4356:
4043:
3462:
3450:
3323:
3284:
3274:
3009:
2648:
2439:
2297:
2271:
2205:
2201:
1902:
1695:
1673:
1668:
1633:
1581:
1538:
1528:
1524:
1150:
686:
552:
427:
412:
392:
359:
282:
4795:
4763:
4710:
4232:
2421:
1859:
of 1819 that banned all student organisations, officially putting an end to the
7210:
7189:
7131:
7082:
7072:
7052:
7042:
7027:
7022:
7002:
6972:
6940:
6925:
6900:
6794:
6672:
6659:
6322:
6080:
5703:
5583:
5578:
5545:
5505:
5495:
4325:
4143:
3261:
3166:
2832:
2224:
2191:
2179:
2003:
1880:
1780:
1684:
1491:
1366:
1259:
853:
640:), containing only the black-red-gold tricolour, was introduced as part of the
520:
466:
4615:
4174:[Act concerning the introduction of a German navy and merchant flag].
4104:
3148:
2643:(blood flag), the swastika flag used by Nazi paramilitaries during the failed
7337:
7257:
7067:
6992:
6962:
6035:
5708:
5515:
4326:"Erlaß des Reichspräsidenten über die vorläufige Regelung der Flaggenhissung"
4298:[Symbol for Freedom, Unity and Democracy] (in German). Archived from
3171:
3124:
Flag of unified Germany raised at midnight of 3 October 1990 in front of the
3108:
2820:
2334:
2236:
1964:
1703:
1091:
781:
627:
568:
537:. The colours are mentioned in their canonical order in the seventh verse of
450:
383:
346:
5401:
5051:
4679:
4172:"Gesetz betreffend die EinfĂĽhrung einer deutschen Kriegs- und Handelsflagge"
3566:
3382:
2704:
in salute to warships or merchant ships of any nationality". Similarly, the
1948:
declared the black-red-gold as the official colours of Germany and passed a
1919:
750:
6420:
6095:
6090:
6060:
5959:
5913:
5146:. See German section for more detailed text. Retrieved on 24 February 2008.
4263:
3071:
3017:
2946:
2917:
2828:
2824:
2816:
2808:
2800:
2767:
2701:
2655:
2619:
2592:
2574:
2549:
2525:
2445:
2254:
2050:
2046:
1912:
1757:
Upon returning from the war, veterans of the LĂĽtzow Free Corps founded the
1734:
1325:
1321:
1175:
1099:
649:
493:
408:
278:
186:
142:
65:
4571:
1976:
multi-ethnic empire complicated the dream of a united Greater Germany—the
1889:(Germany's rebirth). This flag is now on permanent display at the castle.
329:
265:
169:
6430:
6144:
5979:
5928:
5768:
5329:
5261:
5195:
5162:
5158:"Dr. Strangelove: How Germans Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Flag"
2913:
2625:
2417:
2292:
Following the declaration of the German republic in 1918 and the ensuing
2243:
1128:, using the same derogatory terms as previously used by the monarchists.
1082:
834:
578:
415:) from 1919 to 1933, and has been in use since its reintroduction in the
4293:
3160:
The old black-white-red tricolour of the German Empire is still used by
2265:
1160:
668:
6639:
6260:
4572:"Law N° 1 from the Control Council for Germany: Repealing of Nazi Laws"
3161:
3153:
3074:
in the last two years of the war. In 1949, following a suggestion from
2924:
was proposed by conservative parties as a flag for West Germany (1948).
2609:
2554:
2510:
2378:
2343:
2042:
1809:
1243:
1103:
812:
645:
528:
473:
454:
182:
160:
Bundesdienstflagge und Dienstflagge der Landstreitkräfte der Bundeswehr
61:
57:
1798:
1171:
776:
In addition to the normal horizontal format, many public buildings in
727:
is rounded at the base, whereas the standard coat of arms is pointed.
602:
6250:
5898:
5392:
5257:"Germany's World Cup Recovery: From Humorless to Carefree in 30 Days"
2638:
2588:
2397:
1839:
1636:
1391:
1107:
995:
462:
3838:
Federal Court of Justice of Germany (16 November 1959). 3 StR 45/59.
2569:
2249:
A visually near-identical flag was used as the national flag of the
1553:
1547:
319:
A swallowtail of the civil flag with the coat of arms at the centre.
5784:
5411:
5362:
3177:
3040:
2604:
2429:
2425:
1831:
1688:
1516:
1512:
1500:
1086:
937:
824:
505:
430:
of 1919–1933 and the Federal Republic (since 1949). They were also
190:
6805:
3848:
Rabbow, Arnold (1968). "Schwarz–Rot–Gold oder Schwarz–Rot–Gelb?".
2784:
44:
6529:
5949:
5893:
5815:
4692:
Contains quotation from discussion of the constitution committee.
2804:
2194:, secretary of the Hamburg Chamber of Commerce, suggested in the
2183:
1585:
1567:
978:
777:
350:
1561:
5052:
Government of the German Democratic Republic (1 October 1959).
3237:
3067:
1960:
1722:
1718:
1589:
1361:
1154:
1068:
615:
501:
445:
appeared for the first time in 1867 in the constitution of the
5128:
4538:"Historical Flags of Our Ancestors – The German Swastika Flag"
4505:
4405:
3814:
Dreyhaupt, RĂĽdiger F. (2000). "Flags of the Weimar Republic".
3657:
2666:
since then, with the importation or display of them forbidden
2200:
on 22 September 1866 that any planned flag should combine the
1110:, who referred to the colours with spiteful nicknames such as
549:("On the Dissolution of the Jena Students' League") quoted by
5909:
Chronology of warfare between the Romans and Germanic peoples
5888:
4857:"SED-proposed constitution of the German Democratic Republic"
4448:
3869:
3752:
3623:
3534:
3507:
3476:
2920:'s "Resistance" design (1944), created by his brother Ernst.
2678:
After the defeat of Germany in World War II, the country was
2330:
485:
379:
134:
2738:, the German states were reorganised along the lines of the
2455:
2004:
North German Confederation and the German Empire (1867–1918)
610:
that was raised on 3 October 1990. It flies in front of the
3187:
German football fans during a match against Ecuador in the
1766:
701:
for short. It was introduced in 1950. It is the civil flag
1892:
457:) re-established these colours along with the party's own
370:
consisting of three equal horizontal bands displaying the
3008:(parliamentary council) and future advisor of chancellor
2468:
docked in New York Harbor, United States on 26 July 1935.
2464:
Illustration depicting anti-Nazi demonstrators attacking
1012:
489:
138:
4094:, English translation 1917. Volume 3 Appendixes, p. 603.
407:. It was officially adopted as the national flag of the
3000:
proposed a suggestion by Josef Wirmer, a member of the
1643:
ratio, instead of the modern German flag's 3:5 figure.
1199:
Commemoration Day for the Victims of National Socialism
5086:
Belonging: Solidarity and Division in Modern Societies
4600:
4566:
3418:
Germany Tourism and Travel by Everything about Germany
3142:
Foundation for the Reappraisal of the SED Dictatorship
3091:
From 1956 to 1964, West and East Germany attended the
2628:, 1933–1945) warships. The flags for use on sea had a
2424:, who described their task as a "struggle against the
1868:
In May 1832, around 30,000 people demonstrated at the
1203:
Tag des Gedenkens an die Opfer des Nationalsozialismus
575:
in general. (The colours also appear in the mediaeval
7256:
5289:"Nach der WM: Die Party ist aus: Flaggen mĂĽssen weg"
5224:"In World Cup Surprise, Flags Fly With German Pride"
4406:
Government of the German Reich (15 September 1935).
4320:
4169:
3510:"§ 124 OWiG: Benutzen von Wappen oder Dienstflaggen"
3251:
3027:
In 1955, the inhabitants of the French-administered
2544:
List of German flags § Nazi Germany (1933–1945)
1377:
In memory of all killed during wartime (half-staff)
5155:
4506:Government of the German Reich (20 December 1933).
3965:"Unidentified 'Rhine Republic' Flag 1806 (Germany)"
736:(e.g. using the actual coat of arms instead of the
5221:
3850:Neue Heraldische Mitteilungen / Kleeblatt-Jahrbuch
3753:Federal Government of Germany (17 December 2007).
3535:Federal Government of Germany (13 November 1996).
2762:Two other states that were created after the war,
2560:On 15 September 1935, one year after the death of
4294:State government of Rhineland-Palatinate (2007).
3457:. See Article 22. Retrieved on 24 February 2008.
3236:With the rise of nationalist currents, however, (
2673:
1842:), calling for a free and unified German nation.
1085:rarely distinguishes between gold and yellow; in
7335:
5254:
5022:"Constitution of the German Democratic Republic"
4202:"Constitution of the North German Confederation"
3658:Government of the German Reich (11 April 1921).
3435:
3433:
3431:
2305:in 1919. Only the tiny German principalities of
2170:in August 1866 and then the ratification of the
2019:North German Confederation and the German Empire
837:) was introduced: the government flag ending in
606:The German Unity Flag is a national memorial to
4348:
3870:Federal Government of Germany (22 March 2005).
3218:, which took place in Germany and in which the
3209:and may only be used by government authorities.
3033:white Nordic cross on a blue and red background
2152:A horizontal tricolour of black, white, and red
830:Dienstflagge der Seestreitkräfte der Bundeswehr
256:Dienstflagge der Seestreitkräfte der Bundeswehr
3229:By the time of Germany's World Cup victory in
2868:"Republican Tricolour" by Paul Wentzcke (1948)
2773:
2313:design had originated some 140 years earlier,
2260:
2210:constitution of the North German Confederation
1932:above where the Frankfurt Parliament assembled
1595:
869:The federal flag shall be black, red and gold.
7242:
6821:
5800:
5427:
5008:Gesetz Nr. 509 ĂĽber das Wappen des Saarlandes
5002:Gesetz Nr. 508 ĂĽber die Flagge des Saarlandes
4606:"Law No. 39 of the Allied Control Commission"
4296:"Symbol fĂĽr Freiheit, Einheit und Demokratie"
3998:
3996:
3994:
3992:
3807:
3624:Federal Government of Germany (25 May 1956).
3508:Federal Government of Germany (24 May 1968).
3477:Federal Government of Germany (7 July 1950).
3440:Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany
3428:
2712:was a swallowtailed letter D signal pennant.
1738:The flag adopted by the Jena Urburschenschaft
863:Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany
399:). The flag was first sighted in 1848 in the
5139:
5122:
5006:
5000:
4914:
4884:
4882:
4459:
4092:History of Germany in the Nineteenth Century
4081:, English translation 1917. Volume 3, p. 51.
4079:History of Germany in the Nineteenth Century
4025:
3890:
3831:
3829:
3348:[Order concerning the German flags]
3204:
3083:
3001:
2695:
2636:
2617:
2437:
2389:
2366:
2341:
2208:(red and white). In the following year, the
2195:
1985:
1977:
1884:
1874:
1860:
1846:
1821:
1778:
1770:
1758:
1687:and the Imperial Standard of its protector,
1370:
1344:
1313:
1293:
1272:
1247:
1228:
1201:
1165:
1136:
1123:
1117:
1111:
828:
818:
810:
795:
789:
737:
731:
722:
712:
706:
696:
690:
672:
631:
576:
550:
542:
526:
518:
512:
254:
158:
5919:Roman campaigns in Germania (12 BC – AD 16)
5318:
5316:
5188:
4401:
4399:
4038:
4036:
3746:
3653:
3651:
2647:in 1923. This ceremony took place at every
861:Article 22 of the German constitution, the
695:(state flag of the federal authorities) or
656:use the German national flag together with
7249:
7235:
6828:
6814:
5807:
5793:
5434:
5420:
5325:"EM-Patriotismus: Schwarz-rot-kompliziert"
4739:(in German). 13 April 1951. Archived from
4733:"Preliminary constitution of Lower Saxony"
3989:
3865:
3863:
3841:
3662:[Regulation on the German Flags].
3559:
3539:[Arrangement of the German Flag].
3481:[Arrangement of the German Flag].
3472:
3470:
2567:and Hitler's elevation to the position of
1659:. In response to this, Holy Roman Emperor
1212:(1945), observed by the United Nations as
465:, as it is not forbidden, unlike specific
5322:
5082:
4999:Government of the Saarland (9 July 1956)
4879:
4170:Frankfurt Parliament (12 November 1848).
3826:
3813:
3682:
2815:With relations deteriorating between the
2456:Nazi Germany and World War II (1933–1945)
5349:
5313:
5014:
4709:(in German). 18 May 1947. Archived from
4396:
4314:
4194:
4163:
4033:
4024:Scheidler, Karl Hermann (5 August 1865)
3648:
3617:
3411:
3182:
3147:
3119:
3045:
2980:, as used from the 1960 to 1968 Olympics
2971:
2952:
2929:
2783:
2714:
2516:
2493:
2471:
2459:
2283:
2264:
1954:
1918:
1896:
1808:
1797:
1733:
1628:on 12 May 1778, the flag adopted by the
1599:
1485:
1159:
1052:
852:
762:
749:
667:
601:
484:The German association with the colours
455:National Socialist German Worker's Party
338:Common unofficial flag variant with the
328:
5281:
5215:
5045:
4826:
4670:"Württemberg-Baden 1947–1952 (Germany)"
4287:
4256:
4225:
3872:"Beflaggungserlass der Bundesregierung"
3860:
3660:"Verordnung ĂĽber die deutschen Flaggen"
3528:
3467:
3412:Tourists, The German (25 August 2011).
2379:National Socialist German Workers Party
2280:Flag of the Weimar Republic (1919–1933)
1984:solution. Alternatively, there was the
1893:Revolution and the Frankfurt Parliament
1729:
1667:declared his personal domain to be the
1576:Red and white were also colours of the
1475:and featured in the imperial banner: a
1214:International Holocaust Remembrance Day
545:Zur Auflösung der Jenaer Burschenschaft
7336:
5083:Guibernau, Montserrat (26 July 2013).
4920:
4703:"Constitution of Rhineland-Palatinate"
4002:
3927:
3925:
3847:
3537:"Anordnung ĂĽber die deutschen Flaggen"
3479:"Anordnung ĂĽber die deutschen Flaggen"
3346:"Anordnung ĂĽber die deutschen Flaggen"
2690:representing the letter C ending in a
2388:On 24 February 1924, the organisation
1469:Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation
1324:, the failed assassination attempt on
1073:"Tierced in fess sable, gules and or."
1046:Recommended RGB values for online use.
857:Specifications for the flag of Germany
689:of Germany is officially known as the
7230:
6809:
5788:
5415:
5337:from the original on 28 December 2017
5269:from the original on 16 February 2008
5170:from the original on 15 February 2008
5064:from the original on 13 November 2019
5032:from the original on 30 November 2019
4867:from the original on 26 November 2019
4487:from the original on 24 February 2021
4418:from the original on 27 November 2019
4274:from the original on 27 November 2019
4264:"Constitution of the Weimar Republic"
3957:
3702:from the original on 28 February 2008
3455:English version (December 2000) (PDF)
3359:from the original on 5 September 2017
3064:National Committee for a Free Germany
3052:National Committee for a Free Germany
3016:pattern) designed by his brother and
2362:Der Stahlhelm, Bund der Frontsoldaten
1383:Source: Federal Government of Germany
469:such as the aforementioned swastika.
5814:
5441:
5156:Sontheimer, Michael (29 June 2006).
4835:] (in German). Athenäum-Verlag.
4548:from the original on 8 December 2019
4518:from the original on 24 October 2019
4367:from the original on 8 December 2019
4357:"The German Swastika Flag 1933–1945"
4336:from the original on 24 October 2019
4243:from the original on 17 October 2019
4212:from the original on 28 October 2019
4182:from the original on 19 October 2019
3722:"Historical Use of the Current Flag"
3636:from the original on 4 December 2018
3605:from the original on 15 October 2022
3579:from the original on 9 February 2008
3489:from the original on 21 October 2019
3196:
2688:international signal pennant Charlie
2587:, tore the Nazi Party flag from the
2488:National flag of Germany (1933–1935)
2383:National Democratic Party of Germany
2288:Merchant flag of the Weimar Republic
1845:The gold-red-black flag of the Jena
841:. This naval flag is also used as a
6835:
5407:Imperial German Empire Army colours
5370:from the original on 6 January 2019
5355:
5323:Borcholte, Andreas (12 June 2016).
5222:Bernstein, Richard (14 June 2006).
4902:from the original on 1 January 2018
4639:"Constitution of WĂĽrttemberg-Baden"
4582:from the original on 10 August 2017
4233:"Constitution of the German Empire"
3922:
3910:from the original on 1 January 2018
3734:from the original on 8 January 2019
3191:. Some flags seen here contain the
2842:
1805:(May 1832), contemporary lithograph
1144:
13:
7106:
5358:"Deutschlandfahne: Farbe bekennen"
5301:from the original on 8 August 2020
5203:from the original on 13 March 2008
4808:from the original on 16 March 2008
4776:from the original on 10 March 2008
4354:
4118:from the original on 28 March 2006
3977:from the original on 16 March 2008
3393:from the original on 28 April 2017
3070:organisation that operated in the
2680:placed under Allied administration
2309:– where the use and layout of the
2166:, in 1866 with the signing of the
1646:
1618:Heinrich XI, Prince Reuss of Greiz
1414:
663:
14:
7380:
7216:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
5386:
5255:Crossland, David (10 July 2006).
5236:from the original on 14 July 2011
4947:. 23 October 1955. Archived from
4649:from the original on 3 March 2016
4437:"Germany: Little Man, Big Doings"
4361:Historical flags of our ancestors
4056:from the original on 2 March 2008
3795:from the original on 15 June 2020
3670:from the original on 15 June 2009
3547:from the original on 13 June 2010
3516:from the original on 23 June 2011
1208:Anniversary of the liberation of
804:
745:
7318:
5467:
4764:"Rhineland-Palatinate (Germany)"
4466:(17 September 1935) (in German).
4105:"Austria: The Age of Metternich"
3945:from the original on 4 June 2010
3785:"Styleguide der Bundesregierung"
3254:
2963:
2958:
2940:
2935:
2908:
2898:
2889:
2873:
2861:
2849:
2794:
2789:
2759:, whose flag is black and gold.
2725:
2720:
2577:. One reason may have been the "
2504:
2499:
2482:
2477:
2436:with the Nazi seizure of power (
2275:
2270:
2058:
2053:
2028:
1906:
1901:
1560:
1546:
1495:
1490:
1449:
1437:
1404:Federal Ministry of the Interior
1057:
767:
754:
586:
403:. The flag was also used by the
333:
291:
286:
281:
264:
208:
203:
198:
193:
168:
78:
73:
68:
43:
6011:German revolutions of 1848–1849
5980:Ostsiedlung (East Colonisation)
5356:Lau, Mariam (17 October 2018).
5248:
5182:
5149:
5103:
5076:
4990:
4963:
4933:
4890:"Proposals 1944–1949 (Germany)"
4863:(in German). 14 November 1946.
4849:
4820:
4788:
4756:
4725:
4695:
4662:
4631:
4594:
4560:
4530:
4499:
4469:
4430:
4379:
4130:
4097:
4084:
4068:
4015:
3777:
3714:
3352:(in German). 13 November 1996.
3312:
3115:
3099:as a single team, known as the
2658:, the first law enacted by the
1928:. The painting hung inside the
1040:
1031:
881:". However on 2 June 1999, the
817:) are a federal authority, the
809:Since the German armed forces (
692:Dienstflagge der Bundesbehörden
517:), one of the radically minded
405:German Empire from 1848 to 1849
5996:Early modern period, 1500–1800
5884:List of early Germanic peoples
5294:Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
4971:"Constitution of the Saarland"
3759:Corporate Design Documentation
3690:"Colors of the Flag (Germany)"
3591:
3501:
3405:
3375:
3338:
2674:After World War II (1945–1949)
2664:forbidden in several countries
2375:German National People's Party
1967:in the background (March 1848)
1467:(800/962 – 1806, known as the
1421:Flags of the Holy Roman Empire
1153:in Germany. Following federal
571:, they became synonymous with
1:
6119:History of Germany since 1990
5647:Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
5526:Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
5402:All medieval flags of Germany
5028:(in German). 7 October 1949.
4977:(in German). 15 December 1947
4270:(in German). 11 August 1919.
3305:
2880:Draft by Edwin Redslob (1948)
2807:(1949–present), also flag of
2400:by the member parties of the
2392:Reichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-Gold
1851:featured prominently at this
1622:Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor
597:
5189:Young, Marc (14 June 2006).
5089:. Polity Press. p. 95.
4239:(in German). 16 April 1871.
3043:as a state of West Germany.
2856:Design by Robert Lehr (1948)
2119:; 105 years ago
2082:; 157 years ago
1302:East German uprising of 1953
1210:Auschwitz concentration camp
1009:
993:
976:
960:
944:
907:
7:
7364:National symbols of Germany
5138:of monarchist organisation
4659:See Article 45 (in German).
4208:(in German). 27 June 1867.
3874:(in German). Archived from
3761:(in German). Archived from
3295:National colours of Germany
3247:
2805:Germany after reunification
2774:Divided Germany (1949–1990)
2351:
2261:Weimar Republic (1918–1933)
2204:(black and white) with the
2133:; 89 years ago
2096:; 91 years ago
1746:led to the creation of the
1626:Principality of Reuss-Greiz
1596:Principality of Reuss-Greiz
1315:Jahrestag des 20. Juli 1944
1311:Anniversary of 20 July 1944
1295:Jahrestag des 17. Juni 1953
1291:Anniversary of 17 June 1953
1116:(black–red–yellow) or even
823:is also used as the German
500:, which was established in
417:Federal Republic of Germany
372:national colours of Germany
34:Federal Republic of Germany
10:
7385:
6026:North German Confederation
6006:Confederation of the Rhine
4410:[Reich Flag Act].
3022:(West) German constitution
2777:
2694:, known as the C-Pennant (
2533:
2221:Margraviate of Brandenburg
2164:North German Confederation
2007:
1702:, a volunteer unit of the
1681:Confederation of the Rhine
1418:
1409:
786:Principality of Reuss-Gera
642:(West) German constitution
590:
560:Academic Festival Overture
479:
447:North German Confederation
436:German Democratic Republic
411:(during the period of the
17:
7315:
7294:
7268:
7203:
7155:
7117:
7104:
6843:
6760:
6620:
6500:
6491:
6374:
6365:
6246:
6237:
6173:
6164:
6127:
6106:
5988:
5942:
5866:
5835:
5826:
5739:Silesia and Lower Silesia
5690:
5597:
5569:
5476:
5465:
5449:
4477:"The Life of the Fuehrer"
3898:"Flag Protocol (Germany)"
3169:(e.g. the swastika), the
2730:The C-Pennant (1946–1949)
2591:, and tossed it into the
2444:) and the appointment of
2178:Hanseatic city-states of
2156:
2148:
2111:
2074:
2066:
2036:
2027:
2023:
2014:Flag of the German Empire
1938:Springtime of the Peoples
1886:Deutschlands Wiedergeburt
1381:
1346:Tag der Deutschen Einheit
1131:On 24 December 1951, the
1077:
931:
922:
913:
903:
900:
897:
848:
794:) from 1806 to 1918: the
637:
551:
527:
519:
323:
315:
307:
299:
272:
263:
252:
248:
244:
232:
224:
216:
176:
167:
156:
152:
148:
125:
94:
86:
51:
42:
38:
20:Flag of the German Empire
7354:Flags introduced in 1990
7349:Flags introduced in 1949
6178:Administrative divisions
5191:"Germany flies the flag"
5115:27 February 2012 at the
4796:"Lower Saxony (Germany)"
3461:27 February 2008 at the
3449:16 November 2019 at the
2323:its republican successor
1608:began his rule over the
1133:Federal Court of Justice
679:German Embassy, Canberra
539:August Daniel von Binzer
4827:Friedel, Alois (1968).
4110:Encyclopædia Britannica
4075:Heinrich von Treitschke
3270:Coat of arms of Germany
3152:Flag delegation of the
3133:fall of the Berlin Wall
2668:particularly in Germany
2251:Republic of Upper Volta
1769:in June 1815. The Jena
719:coat of arms of Germany
340:coat of arms of Germany
100:; 105 years ago
7295:National coats of arms
7111:
6886:Bosnia and Herzegovina
6439:Science and technology
6140:History of Brandenburg
6031:Unification of Germany
6021:Frankfurt Constitution
5652:North Rhine-Westphalia
5531:North Rhine-Westphalia
5140:
5007:
5001:
4829:Deutsche Staatssymbole
4602:Allied Control Council
4568:Allied Control Council
4460:
4147:. 2007. Archived from
4138:"The Hambach Festival"
4044:"German Confederation"
4026:
3327:
3280:Flags of German states
3210:
3205:
3197:should not be confused
3157:
3128:
3101:United Team of Germany
3084:
3058:
3002:
2981:
2978:United Team of Germany
2969:
2950:
2812:
2731:
2696:
2660:Allied Control Council
2637:
2618:
2529:
2514:
2491:
2469:
2438:
2390:
2367:
2342:
2289:
2281:
2233:unification of Germany
2225:Imperial elector state
2196:
2070:2:3 (3:5 in 1933–1935)
1986:
1978:
1968:
1933:
1916:
1885:
1879:, the flag flown from
1875:
1861:
1847:
1822:
1817:
1806:
1779:
1771:
1759:
1739:
1715:
1613:
1508:
1390:Election days for the
1371:
1360:The 2nd Sunday before
1345:
1330:Claus von Stauffenberg
1314:
1294:
1273:
1248:
1229:
1202:
1179:
1166:
1149:There are a number of
1137:
1124:
1118:
1112:
1064:
871:
858:
829:
827:on land. In 1956, the
819:
811:
796:
790:
773:
760:
738:
732:
723:
713:
707:
697:
691:
682:
673:
632:
623:
577:
543:
513:
396:
363:
342:
255:
159:
113:; 75 years ago
7307:Dependent territories
7281:Dependent territories
7110:
6076:Flight and expulsions
5134:4 August 2020 at the
4941:"The Saar referendum"
4737:Verfassungen der Welt
4707:Verfassungen der Welt
4643:Verfassungen der Welt
4462:Völkischer Beobachter
4408:"Reichsflaggengesetz"
4090:Heinrich Treitschke,
3414:"The Flag of Germany"
3220:Germany national team
3203:, which displays the
3186:
3151:
3123:
3049:
3004:Parlamentarischer Rat
2975:
2956:
2933:
2787:
2718:
2710:Ryūkyūan civil ensign
2706:Japanese civil ensign
2520:
2497:
2475:
2463:
2377:(see poster) and the
2365:). This included the
2287:
2268:
1958:
1922:
1900:
1812:
1801:
1788:Friedrich Ludwig Jahn
1737:
1708:
1630:FĂĽrstentum ReuĂź-Greiz
1624:to rule the then-new
1603:
1527:, and similar to the
1489:
1367:People's Mourning Day
1163:
1056:
867:
856:
766:
753:
671:
605:
514:Jenaer Burschenschaft
332:
6748:World Heritage Sites
6426:German states by GDP
6016:German Confederation
5657:Rhineland-Palatinate
5536:Rhineland-Palatinate
5110:Information pamphlet
4833:German state symbols
4645:. 30 November 1946.
4604:(30 November 1946).
4445:, 23 September 1935.
4322:von Hindenburg, Paul
4142:Official website of
4027:Illustrierte Zeitung
3765:on 26 September 2007
3290:List of German flags
3193:federal coat of arms
3097:Summer Olympic Games
3076:Friedrich Ebert, Jr.
2780:Flag of East Germany
2764:Rhineland-Palatinate
2750:were merged to form
2536:Flag of Nazi Germany
2294:revolutionary period
2217:Wilhelm I of Prussia
2172:Constitution of 1867
2168:Confederation Treaty
1973:German Confederation
1946:Frankfurt Parliament
1836:Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
1752:Francis I of Austria
1748:German Confederation
1730:German Confederation
1353:German reunification
791:FĂĽrstentum ReuĂź-Gera
717:is a variant of the
608:German reunification
401:German Confederation
236:The civil flag with
109:(original 2:3 ratio)
28:Flag of East Germany
24:Flag of Nazi Germany
7325:Heraldry portal
7118:States with limited
6384:Automobile industry
5970:Carolingian dynasty
5904:History of the Huns
5142:Tradition und Leben
4713:on 15 February 2008
4481:research.calvin.edu
3933:"Holy Roman Empire"
3906:. 6 February 2002.
3878:on 16 December 2007
3630:Gesetze im Internet
3575:. 26 October 2001.
3541:Gesetze im Internet
3216:2006 FIFA World Cup
3189:2006 FIFA World Cup
2740:zones of occupation
2630:through and through
2565:Paul von Hindenburg
2303:Weimar Constitution
2229:Franco-Prussian War
2197:Bremer Handelsblatt
2020:
1994:Austro-Prussian War
1959:Revolutionaries in
1942:Revolutions of 1848
1657:First French Empire
1507:(13th–14th century)
1481:double-headed eagle
1396:European Parliament
1341:Day of German Unity
1320:Anniversary of the
1300:Anniversary of the
1279:Anniversary of the
1256:Schuman Declaration
1254:Anniversary of the
364:Flagge Deutschlands
35:
7112:
6454:Telecommunications
6135:History of Prussia
6051:Revolution of 1918
6046:War guilt question
5965:Carolingian Empire
5934:Sack of Rome (410)
5843:History of Germany
5677:Schleswig-Holstein
5556:Schleswig-Holstein
5397:Flags of the World
5229:The New York Times
4945:European Navigator
4895:Flags of the World
4801:Flags of the World
4769:Flags of the World
4675:Flags of the World
4611:Flags of the World
4576:European Navigator
4570:(30 August 1945).
4049:Flags of the World
4005:Der Flaggenkurier
3970:Flags of the World
3938:Flags of the World
3903:Flags of the World
3727:Flags of the World
3695:Flags of the World
3572:Flags of the World
3300:Reichskriegsflagge
3211:
3201:Bundesdienstflagge
3158:
3129:
3126:Reichstag building
3059:
2982:
2970:
2951:
2813:
2766:(French zone) and
2732:
2607:in the middle. In
2540:Reichskriegsflagge
2530:
2515:
2492:
2470:
2369:Reichskriegsflagge
2290:
2282:
2202:colours of Prussia
2142:(second 3:5 ratio)
2105:(second 3:5 ratio)
2018:
2010:Reichskriegsflagge
1998:Kingdom of Prussia
1969:
1934:
1917:
1911:War ensign of the
1818:
1807:
1744:Congress of Vienna
1740:
1653:Napoleon Bonaparte
1614:
1606:Prince Heinrich XI
1509:
1473:Holy Roman Emperor
1430:Holy Roman Emperor
1180:
1065:
859:
820:Bundesdienstflagge
774:
761:
733:Bundesdienstflagge
698:Bundesdienstflagge
683:
674:Bundesdienstflagge
624:
612:Reichstag building
498:Conservative Order
343:
33:
7331:
7330:
7224:
7223:
6803:
6802:
6756:
6755:
6487:
6486:
6401:Chemical Triangle
6361:
6360:
6348:Political parties
6296:Foreign relations
6233:
6232:
6160:
6159:
6071:Allied occupation
5975:Holy Roman Empire
5782:
5781:
5749:Western Pomerania
5607:Baden-WĂĽrttemberg
5486:Baden-WĂĽrttemberg
5058:documentArchiv.de
5026:documentArchiv.de
4975:documentArchiv.de
4861:documentArchiv.de
4842:978-3-7610-5115-3
4753:See Article 1 #2.
4628:See Article 1 #3.
4512:documentArchiv.de
4412:documentArchiv.de
4330:documentArchiv.de
4324:(12 March 1933).
4268:documentArchiv.de
4237:documentArchiv.de
4206:documentArchiv.de
4176:documentArchiv.de
4151:on 19 August 2004
3856:. Hanover: 30–32.
3816:Der Flaggenkurier
3698:. 5 August 1998.
3664:documentArchiv.de
3483:documentArchiv.de
3138:reunified Germany
3029:Saar Protectorate
2757:Baden-WĂĽrttemberg
2752:WĂĽrttemberg-Baden
2624:(the name of the
2450:German chancellor
2206:Hanseatic colours
2190:. Based on this,
2160:
2159:
2128:(first 2:3 ratio)
2091:(first 2:3 ratio)
1853:Wartburg festival
1828:Battle of Leipzig
1700:LĂĽtzow Free Corps
1637:within what today
1620:was appointed by
1521:St George's Cross
1505:Holy Roman Empire
1465:Holy Roman Empire
1456:15th–19th century
1388:
1387:
1258:, leading to the
1138:Bundesgerichtshof
1027:
1026:
772:Government banner
620:German parliament
565:LĂĽtzow Free Corps
327:
326:
7376:
7344:Flags of Germany
7323:
7322:
7321:
7302:Sovereign states
7276:Sovereign states
7251:
7244:
7237:
7228:
7227:
7156:Dependencies and
6844:Sovereign states
6830:
6823:
6816:
6807:
6806:
6783:
6776:
6769:
6733:Prussian virtues
6498:
6497:
6406:Economic history
6372:
6371:
6266:
6244:
6243:
6195:Cities and towns
6171:
6170:
6151:Baden Revolution
5955:Treaty of Verdun
5924:Marcomannic Wars
5879:Migration Period
5874:Germanic peoples
5858:Military history
5833:
5832:
5809:
5802:
5795:
5786:
5785:
5471:
5443:Flags of Germany
5436:
5429:
5422:
5413:
5412:
5380:
5379:
5377:
5375:
5353:
5347:
5346:
5344:
5342:
5320:
5311:
5310:
5308:
5306:
5297:. 11 July 2006.
5285:
5279:
5278:
5276:
5274:
5252:
5246:
5245:
5243:
5241:
5219:
5213:
5212:
5210:
5208:
5186:
5180:
5179:
5177:
5175:
5153:
5147:
5145:
5126:
5120:
5107:
5101:
5100:
5080:
5074:
5073:
5071:
5069:
5049:
5043:
5041:
5039:
5037:
5018:
5012:
5010:
5004:
4998:
4994:
4988:
4986:
4984:
4982:
4967:
4961:
4960:
4958:
4956:
4951:on 11 March 2008
4937:
4931:
4930:
4918:
4912:
4911:
4909:
4907:
4886:
4877:
4876:
4874:
4872:
4853:
4847:
4846:
4824:
4818:
4817:
4815:
4813:
4792:
4786:
4785:
4783:
4781:
4760:
4754:
4752:
4750:
4748:
4743:on 11 March 2008
4729:
4723:
4722:
4720:
4718:
4699:
4693:
4691:
4689:
4687:
4682:on 12 March 2008
4678:. Archived from
4666:
4660:
4658:
4656:
4654:
4635:
4629:
4627:
4625:
4623:
4618:on 12 March 2008
4614:. Archived from
4598:
4592:
4591:
4589:
4587:
4564:
4558:
4557:
4555:
4553:
4534:
4528:
4527:
4525:
4523:
4503:
4497:
4496:
4494:
4492:
4473:
4467:
4465:
4458:, quoted in the
4452:
4446:
4434:
4428:
4427:
4425:
4423:
4403:
4394:
4383:
4377:
4376:
4374:
4372:
4352:
4346:
4345:
4343:
4341:
4318:
4312:
4311:
4309:
4307:
4291:
4285:
4283:
4281:
4279:
4260:
4254:
4252:
4250:
4248:
4229:
4223:
4221:
4219:
4217:
4198:
4192:
4191:
4189:
4187:
4167:
4161:
4160:
4158:
4156:
4134:
4128:
4127:
4125:
4123:
4101:
4095:
4088:
4082:
4072:
4066:
4065:
4063:
4061:
4040:
4031:
4029:
4023:
4019:
4013:
4012:
4000:
3987:
3986:
3984:
3982:
3961:
3955:
3954:
3952:
3950:
3929:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3915:
3894:
3888:
3887:
3885:
3883:
3867:
3858:
3857:
3845:
3839:
3837:
3833:
3824:
3823:
3811:
3805:
3804:
3802:
3800:
3781:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3770:
3750:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3739:
3718:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3707:
3686:
3680:
3679:
3677:
3675:
3655:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3641:
3621:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3610:
3599:"Kinds of flags"
3595:
3589:
3588:
3586:
3584:
3563:
3557:
3556:
3554:
3552:
3532:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3521:
3505:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3494:
3474:
3465:
3437:
3426:
3425:
3424:on 29 June 2010.
3420:. Archived from
3409:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3379:
3373:
3372:
3366:
3364:
3358:
3351:
3342:
3330:
3322:
3316:
3264:
3259:
3258:
3257:
3208:
3087:
3080:its coat of arms
3066:, a German anti-
3007:
2986:Social Democrats
2967:
2962:
2944:
2939:
2916:is a variant of
2912:
2902:
2893:
2877:
2865:
2853:
2843:Proposed designs
2798:
2793:
2736:Oder–Neisse line
2729:
2724:
2699:
2645:Beer Hall Putsch
2642:
2623:
2508:
2503:
2486:
2481:
2443:
2402:Weimar Coalition
2395:
2372:
2347:
2311:schwarz-rot-gold
2296:, the so-called
2279:
2274:
2199:
2141:
2139:
2134:
2127:
2125:
2120:
2104:
2102:
2097:
2090:
2088:
2083:
2062:
2057:
2032:
2021:
2017:
1991:
1983:
1910:
1905:
1888:
1878:
1870:Hambach Festival
1864:
1862:Burschenschaften
1857:Carlsbad Decrees
1850:
1848:Urburschenschaft
1825:
1823:Urburschenschaft
1803:Hambach Festival
1784:
1781:Burschenschaften
1774:
1772:Urburschenschaft
1764:
1761:Urburschenschaft
1665:Habsburg dynasty
1610:Reuss elder line
1578:Hanseatic League
1564:
1550:
1499:
1494:
1453:
1441:
1374:
1348:
1317:
1297:
1281:German Basic Law
1276:
1270:Constitution Day
1251:
1232:
1205:
1182:
1181:
1169:
1151:flag flying days
1145:Flag flying days
1140:
1127:
1125:Schwarz–Rot–Gold
1121:
1119:Schwarz–Rot–Senf
1115:
1113:Schwarz–Rot–Gelb
1089:, they are both
1061:
1047:
1044:
1038:
1035:
981:(approximation)
892:
891:
887:corporate design
832:
822:
816:
799:
793:
771:
758:
741:
735:
726:
716:
710:
700:
694:
676:
639:
635:
593:Flags of Germany
582:
556:
555:
548:
541:'s student song
535:Carlsbad Decrees
532:
531:
524:
523:
521:Burschenschaften
516:
424:1848 Revolutions
397:Schwarz-Rot-Gold
391:
358:
337:
295:
290:
285:
268:
258:
238:the coat of arms
212:
207:
202:
197:
172:
162:
121:
119:
114:
111:23 May 1949
108:
106:
101:
98:3 July 1919
82:
77:
72:
47:
36:
32:
7384:
7383:
7379:
7378:
7377:
7375:
7374:
7373:
7334:
7333:
7332:
7327:
7319:
7317:
7311:
7290:
7264:
7255:
7225:
7220:
7199:
7157:
7151:
7137:Northern Cyprus
7119:
7113:
7102:
7018:North Macedonia
6839:
6837:Flags of Europe
6834:
6804:
6799:
6786:
6779:
6772:
6765:
6752:
6616:
6567:Life expectancy
6483:
6357:
6328:Law enforcement
6264:
6229:
6156:
6123:
6102:
6086:Divided Germany
6056:Weimar Republic
5984:
5950:Frankish Empire
5938:
5862:
5828:
5822:
5813:
5783:
5778:
5774:Hanseatic flags
5686:
5593:
5565:
5472:
5463:
5459:Flag of Germany
5445:
5440:
5389:
5384:
5383:
5373:
5371:
5354:
5350:
5340:
5338:
5321:
5314:
5304:
5302:
5287:
5286:
5282:
5272:
5270:
5253:
5249:
5239:
5237:
5220:
5216:
5206:
5204:
5187:
5183:
5173:
5171:
5154:
5150:
5136:Wayback Machine
5127:
5123:
5117:Wayback Machine
5108:
5104:
5097:
5081:
5077:
5067:
5065:
5050:
5046:
5035:
5033:
5020:
5019:
5015:
4996:
4995:
4991:
4987:See Article 61.
4980:
4978:
4969:
4968:
4964:
4954:
4952:
4939:
4938:
4934:
4919:
4915:
4905:
4903:
4888:
4887:
4880:
4870:
4868:
4855:
4854:
4850:
4843:
4825:
4821:
4811:
4809:
4794:
4793:
4789:
4779:
4777:
4762:
4761:
4757:
4746:
4744:
4731:
4730:
4726:
4716:
4714:
4701:
4700:
4696:
4685:
4683:
4668:
4667:
4663:
4652:
4650:
4637:
4636:
4632:
4621:
4619:
4599:
4595:
4585:
4583:
4565:
4561:
4551:
4549:
4536:
4535:
4531:
4521:
4519:
4504:
4500:
4490:
4488:
4475:
4474:
4470:
4453:
4449:
4435:
4431:
4421:
4419:
4404:
4397:
4384:
4380:
4370:
4368:
4353:
4349:
4339:
4337:
4319:
4315:
4305:
4303:
4292:
4288:
4277:
4275:
4262:
4261:
4257:
4253:See Article 55.
4246:
4244:
4231:
4230:
4226:
4222:See Article 55.
4215:
4213:
4200:
4199:
4195:
4185:
4183:
4168:
4164:
4154:
4152:
4136:
4135:
4131:
4121:
4119:
4103:
4102:
4098:
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4085:
4073:
4069:
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4041:
4034:
4021:
4020:
4016:
4001:
3990:
3980:
3978:
3963:
3962:
3958:
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3923:
3913:
3911:
3896:
3895:
3891:
3881:
3879:
3868:
3861:
3846:
3842:
3835:
3834:
3827:
3812:
3808:
3798:
3796:
3789:Bundesregierung
3783:
3782:
3778:
3768:
3766:
3751:
3747:
3737:
3735:
3720:
3719:
3715:
3705:
3703:
3688:
3687:
3683:
3673:
3671:
3656:
3649:
3639:
3637:
3622:
3618:
3608:
3606:
3597:
3596:
3592:
3582:
3580:
3565:
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3560:
3550:
3548:
3533:
3529:
3519:
3517:
3506:
3502:
3492:
3490:
3475:
3468:
3463:Wayback Machine
3451:Wayback Machine
3442:(23 May 1949).
3438:
3429:
3410:
3406:
3396:
3394:
3381:
3380:
3376:
3362:
3360:
3356:
3349:
3344:
3343:
3339:
3334:
3333:
3318:
3317:
3313:
3308:
3285:Hanseatic flags
3275:Flag of Prussia
3260:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3140:. In 1998, the
3118:
3010:Konrad Adenauer
2928:
2927:
2926:
2925:
2905:
2904:
2903:
2895:
2894:
2881:
2878:
2869:
2866:
2857:
2854:
2845:
2782:
2776:
2697:C-Doppelstander
2686:designated the
2676:
2649:Nuremberg Rally
2562:Reich President
2546:
2458:
2440:Machtergreifung
2396:was founded in
2319:Waldeck-Pyrmont
2298:Weimar Republic
2263:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2016:
2006:
1895:
1732:
1696:Napoleonic Wars
1674:flag of Austria
1669:Austrian Empire
1649:
1647:Napoleonic Wars
1634:sovereign state
1598:
1582:Hanseatic flags
1574:
1573:
1572:
1571:
1570:
1565:
1557:
1556:
1551:
1542:
1541:
1539:Hanseatic flags
1529:flag of Denmark
1525:flag of England
1461:
1460:
1459:
1458:
1457:
1454:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1433:
1432:
1428:Banners of the
1423:
1417:
1415:Medieval period
1412:
1384:
1369:
1351:Anniversary of
1343:
1312:
1292:
1271:
1246:
1227:
1200:
1147:
1080:
1071:in English as,
1051:
1050:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1032:
935:
926:
917:
883:federal cabinet
879:"Black-Red-Gold
851:
807:
748:
687:government flag
666:
664:Government flag
600:
595:
589:
553:Johannes Brahms
482:
443:black-white-red
428:Weimar Republic
413:Weimar Republic
387:
354:
117:
115:
112:
110:
104:
102:
99:
31:
12:
11:
5:
7382:
7372:
7371:
7369:Tricolor flags
7366:
7361:
7359:National flags
7356:
7351:
7346:
7329:
7328:
7316:
7313:
7312:
7310:
7309:
7304:
7298:
7296:
7292:
7291:
7289:
7288:
7283:
7278:
7272:
7270:
7269:National flags
7266:
7265:
7258:National flags
7254:
7253:
7246:
7239:
7231:
7222:
7221:
7219:
7218:
7213:
7211:European Union
7207:
7205:
7204:Other entities
7201:
7200:
7198:
7197:
7192:
7187:
7182:
7177:
7172:
7167:
7161:
7159:
7158:other entities
7153:
7152:
7150:
7149:
7144:
7139:
7134:
7129:
7123:
7121:
7115:
7114:
7105:
7103:
7101:
7100:
7095:
7093:United Kingdom
7090:
7085:
7080:
7075:
7070:
7065:
7060:
7055:
7050:
7045:
7040:
7035:
7030:
7025:
7020:
7015:
7010:
7005:
7000:
6995:
6990:
6985:
6980:
6975:
6970:
6965:
6960:
6958:
6953:
6948:
6943:
6938:
6933:
6928:
6923:
6918:
6913:
6908:
6906:Czech Republic
6903:
6898:
6893:
6888:
6883:
6878:
6873:
6868:
6863:
6858:
6853:
6847:
6845:
6841:
6840:
6833:
6832:
6825:
6818:
6810:
6801:
6800:
6798:
6797:
6792:
6785:
6784:
6777:
6770:
6762:
6761:
6758:
6757:
6754:
6753:
6751:
6750:
6745:
6740:
6735:
6730:
6725:
6720:
6715:
6710:
6705:
6700:
6695:
6690:
6685:
6680:
6675:
6670:
6665:
6664:Cultural icons
6662:
6657:
6652:
6647:
6642:
6637:
6632:
6626:
6624:
6618:
6617:
6615:
6614:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6589:
6584:
6579:
6574:
6569:
6564:
6559:
6554:
6549:
6544:
6543:
6542:
6537:
6527:
6522:
6517:
6512:
6507:
6501:
6495:
6489:
6488:
6485:
6484:
6482:
6481:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6446:
6444:Stock exchange
6441:
6436:
6428:
6423:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6397:
6396:
6386:
6381:
6375:
6369:
6363:
6362:
6359:
6358:
6356:
6355:
6350:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6319:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6298:
6293:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6258:
6253:
6247:
6241:
6235:
6234:
6231:
6230:
6228:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6191:
6190:
6185:
6174:
6168:
6162:
6161:
6158:
6157:
6155:
6154:
6148:
6142:
6137:
6131:
6129:
6125:
6124:
6122:
6121:
6116:
6110:
6108:
6104:
6103:
6101:
6100:
6099:
6098:
6093:
6083:
6081:Denazification
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5992:
5990:
5986:
5985:
5983:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5946:
5944:
5940:
5939:
5937:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5870:
5868:
5864:
5863:
5861:
5860:
5855:
5853:Historiography
5850:
5845:
5839:
5837:
5830:
5824:
5823:
5812:
5811:
5804:
5797:
5789:
5780:
5779:
5777:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5706:
5700:
5698:
5688:
5687:
5685:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5603:
5601:
5599:Municipalities
5595:
5594:
5592:
5591:
5586:
5581:
5575:
5573:
5567:
5566:
5564:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5482:
5480:
5474:
5473:
5466:
5464:
5462:
5461:
5455:
5453:
5447:
5446:
5439:
5438:
5431:
5424:
5416:
5410:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5388:
5387:External links
5385:
5382:
5381:
5348:
5330:Spiegel Online
5312:
5280:
5262:Spiegel Online
5247:
5214:
5196:Spiegel Online
5181:
5163:Spiegel Online
5148:
5121:
5102:
5096:978-0745655079
5095:
5075:
5044:
5042:See Article 2.
5013:
4989:
4962:
4932:
4913:
4878:
4848:
4841:
4819:
4787:
4755:
4724:
4694:
4661:
4630:
4593:
4559:
4529:
4498:
4468:
4456:Hermann Göring
4447:
4429:
4395:
4378:
4347:
4313:
4302:on 28 May 2013
4286:
4284:See Article 3.
4255:
4224:
4193:
4162:
4144:Hambach Castle
4129:
4096:
4083:
4067:
4032:
4030:, Leipzig, 98.
4014:
3988:
3956:
3921:
3889:
3859:
3840:
3825:
3806:
3776:
3755:"Primärfarben"
3745:
3713:
3681:
3647:
3616:
3590:
3558:
3527:
3500:
3466:
3444:German version
3427:
3404:
3374:
3336:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3266:
3265:
3262:Germany portal
3249:
3246:
3167:Nazi symbolism
3117:
3114:
2922:The right flag
2907:
2906:
2897:
2896:
2888:
2887:
2886:
2885:
2884:
2883:
2882:
2879:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2848:
2844:
2841:
2833:Herrenchiemsee
2775:
2772:
2675:
2672:
2654:At the end of
2597:Hermann Göring
2457:
2454:
2262:
2259:
2192:Adolf Soetbeer
2158:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2150:
2146:
2145:
2144:
2143:
2129:
2113:
2109:
2108:
2107:
2106:
2092:
2076:
2072:
2071:
2068:
2064:
2063:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2025:
2024:
2005:
2002:
1894:
1891:
1881:Hambach Castle
1765:fraternity in
1731:
1728:
1685:flag of France
1648:
1645:
1597:
1594:
1566:
1559:
1558:
1552:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1533:
1455:
1448:
1447:
1443:
1436:
1435:
1434:
1427:
1426:
1425:
1424:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1375:
1372:Volkstrauertag
1364:
1357:
1356:
1349:
1338:
1334:
1333:
1318:
1309:
1305:
1304:
1298:
1289:
1285:
1284:
1277:
1274:Grundgesetztag
1268:
1264:
1263:
1260:European Union
1252:
1241:
1237:
1236:
1233:
1230:Tag der Arbeit
1222:
1218:
1217:
1206:
1197:
1193:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1146:
1143:
1079:
1076:
1049:
1048:
1039:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1008:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
992:
991:
988:
985:
982:
975:
974:
971:
968:
965:
959:
958:
955:
952:
949:
943:
942:
932:
930:
923:
921:
914:
912:
906:
905:
902:
899:
896:
895:Colour scheme
850:
847:
806:
805:Military flags
803:
782:vertical flags
747:
746:Vertical flags
744:
665:
662:
658:their own flag
599:
596:
588:
585:
481:
478:
325:
324:
321:
320:
317:
313:
312:
309:
305:
304:
301:
297:
296:
276:
270:
269:
261:
260:
250:
249:
246:
245:
242:
241:
240:at the centre.
234:
230:
229:
226:
222:
221:
218:
214:
213:
180:
174:
173:
165:
164:
154:
153:
150:
149:
146:
145:
127:
123:
122:
96:
92:
91:
88:
84:
83:
55:
49:
48:
40:
39:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7381:
7370:
7367:
7365:
7362:
7360:
7357:
7355:
7352:
7350:
7347:
7345:
7342:
7341:
7339:
7326:
7314:
7308:
7305:
7303:
7300:
7299:
7297:
7293:
7287:
7284:
7282:
7279:
7277:
7274:
7273:
7271:
7267:
7263:
7262:coats of arms
7259:
7252:
7247:
7245:
7240:
7238:
7233:
7232:
7229:
7217:
7214:
7212:
7209:
7208:
7206:
7202:
7196:
7193:
7191:
7188:
7186:
7183:
7181:
7178:
7176:
7173:
7171:
7170:Faroe Islands
7168:
7166:
7163:
7162:
7160:
7154:
7148:
7145:
7143:
7142:South Ossetia
7140:
7138:
7135:
7133:
7130:
7128:
7125:
7124:
7122:
7116:
7109:
7099:
7096:
7094:
7091:
7089:
7086:
7084:
7081:
7079:
7076:
7074:
7071:
7069:
7066:
7064:
7061:
7059:
7056:
7054:
7051:
7049:
7046:
7044:
7041:
7039:
7036:
7034:
7031:
7029:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7014:
7011:
7009:
7006:
7004:
7001:
6999:
6996:
6994:
6991:
6989:
6986:
6984:
6981:
6979:
6978:Liechtenstein
6976:
6974:
6971:
6969:
6966:
6964:
6961:
6959:
6957:
6954:
6952:
6949:
6947:
6944:
6942:
6939:
6937:
6934:
6932:
6929:
6927:
6924:
6922:
6919:
6917:
6914:
6912:
6909:
6907:
6904:
6902:
6899:
6897:
6894:
6892:
6889:
6887:
6884:
6882:
6879:
6877:
6874:
6872:
6869:
6867:
6864:
6862:
6859:
6857:
6854:
6852:
6849:
6848:
6846:
6842:
6838:
6831:
6826:
6824:
6819:
6817:
6812:
6811:
6808:
6796:
6793:
6791:
6788:
6787:
6782:
6778:
6775:
6771:
6768:
6764:
6763:
6759:
6749:
6746:
6744:
6741:
6739:
6736:
6734:
6731:
6729:
6726:
6724:
6721:
6719:
6716:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6676:
6674:
6671:
6669:
6666:
6663:
6661:
6658:
6656:
6653:
6651:
6648:
6646:
6643:
6641:
6638:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6627:
6625:
6623:
6619:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6607:Social issues
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6583:
6580:
6578:
6575:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6558:
6555:
6553:
6550:
6548:
6545:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6535:Ethnic groups
6533:
6532:
6531:
6528:
6526:
6523:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6502:
6499:
6496:
6494:
6490:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6433:
6429:
6427:
6424:
6422:
6419:
6417:
6414:
6412:
6409:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6395:
6392:
6391:
6390:
6387:
6385:
6382:
6380:
6377:
6376:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6364:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6326:
6324:
6321:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6303:
6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6263:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6248:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6236:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6189:
6186:
6184:
6181:
6180:
6179:
6176:
6175:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6163:
6152:
6149:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6132:
6130:
6126:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6114:Reunification
6112:
6111:
6109:
6105:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6088:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6036:German Empire
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5993:
5991:
5987:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5947:
5945:
5941:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5871:
5869:
5865:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5840:
5838:
5834:
5831:
5825:
5821:
5817:
5810:
5805:
5803:
5798:
5796:
5791:
5790:
5787:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5754:German Empire
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5744:Upper Silesia
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5701:
5699:
5697:
5693:
5689:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5672:Saxony-Anhalt
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5604:
5602:
5600:
5596:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5576:
5574:
5572:
5568:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5551:Saxony-Anhalt
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5483:
5481:
5479:
5475:
5470:
5460:
5457:
5456:
5454:
5452:
5448:
5444:
5437:
5432:
5430:
5425:
5423:
5418:
5417:
5414:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5394:
5391:
5390:
5369:
5365:
5364:
5359:
5352:
5336:
5332:
5331:
5326:
5319:
5317:
5300:
5296:
5295:
5290:
5284:
5268:
5264:
5263:
5258:
5251:
5235:
5231:
5230:
5225:
5218:
5202:
5198:
5197:
5192:
5185:
5169:
5165:
5164:
5159:
5152:
5144:
5143:
5137:
5133:
5130:
5125:
5118:
5114:
5111:
5106:
5098:
5092:
5088:
5087:
5079:
5063:
5060:(in German).
5059:
5055:
5048:
5031:
5027:
5023:
5017:
5009:
5003:
4993:
4976:
4972:
4966:
4950:
4946:
4942:
4936:
4928:
4924:
4923:Flag Bulletin
4917:
4901:
4897:
4896:
4891:
4885:
4883:
4866:
4862:
4858:
4852:
4844:
4838:
4834:
4830:
4823:
4807:
4803:
4802:
4797:
4791:
4775:
4771:
4770:
4765:
4759:
4742:
4738:
4734:
4728:
4712:
4708:
4704:
4698:
4681:
4677:
4676:
4671:
4665:
4648:
4644:
4640:
4634:
4617:
4613:
4612:
4607:
4603:
4597:
4581:
4577:
4573:
4569:
4563:
4547:
4543:
4539:
4533:
4517:
4514:(in German).
4513:
4509:
4502:
4486:
4482:
4478:
4472:
4464:
4463:
4457:
4454:Statement by
4451:
4444:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4417:
4414:(in German).
4413:
4409:
4402:
4400:
4392:
4391:0-356-04879-9
4388:
4382:
4366:
4362:
4358:
4351:
4335:
4332:(in German).
4331:
4327:
4323:
4317:
4301:
4297:
4290:
4273:
4269:
4265:
4259:
4242:
4238:
4234:
4228:
4211:
4207:
4203:
4197:
4181:
4178:(in German).
4177:
4173:
4166:
4150:
4146:
4145:
4139:
4133:
4117:
4113:
4111:
4106:
4100:
4093:
4087:
4080:
4076:
4071:
4055:
4051:
4050:
4045:
4039:
4037:
4028:
4018:
4010:
4007:(in German).
4006:
3999:
3997:
3995:
3993:
3976:
3972:
3971:
3966:
3960:
3944:
3940:
3939:
3934:
3928:
3926:
3909:
3905:
3904:
3899:
3893:
3877:
3873:
3866:
3864:
3855:
3852:(in German).
3851:
3844:
3832:
3830:
3821:
3818:(in German).
3817:
3810:
3794:
3790:
3786:
3780:
3764:
3760:
3756:
3749:
3733:
3729:
3728:
3723:
3717:
3701:
3697:
3696:
3691:
3685:
3669:
3666:(in German).
3665:
3661:
3654:
3652:
3635:
3632:(in German).
3631:
3627:
3620:
3604:
3600:
3594:
3578:
3574:
3573:
3568:
3562:
3546:
3543:(in German).
3542:
3538:
3531:
3515:
3511:
3504:
3488:
3485:(in German).
3484:
3480:
3473:
3471:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3445:
3441:
3436:
3434:
3432:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3408:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3378:
3370:
3355:
3347:
3341:
3337:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3315:
3311:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3263:
3252:
3245:
3243:
3239:
3234:
3232:
3227:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3207:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3185:
3181:
3179:
3175:
3173:
3172:Schutzstaffel
3168:
3163:
3155:
3150:
3146:
3143:
3139:
3134:
3127:
3122:
3113:
3110:
3109:Olympic rings
3106:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3089:
3086:
3085:Spalterflagge
3081:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3057:
3053:
3048:
3044:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3025:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3006:
3005:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2979:
2974:
2966:
2961:
2955:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2932:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2914:The left flag
2911:
2901:
2892:
2876:
2871:
2864:
2859:
2852:
2847:
2846:
2840:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2821:United States
2818:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2786:
2781:
2771:
2769:
2765:
2760:
2758:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2728:
2723:
2717:
2713:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2671:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2652:
2650:
2646:
2641:
2640:
2633:
2631:
2627:
2622:
2621:
2614:
2612:
2611:
2606:
2600:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2581:
2576:
2572:
2571:
2566:
2563:
2558:
2556:
2551:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2496:
2489:
2485:
2480:
2474:
2467:
2462:
2453:
2451:
2447:
2442:
2441:
2433:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2394:
2393:
2386:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2371:
2370:
2364:
2363:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2346:
2345:
2338:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2299:
2295:
2286:
2278:
2273:
2267:
2258:
2256:
2252:
2247:
2245:
2240:
2238:
2237:German Empire
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2175:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2130:
2116:
2115:
2114:
2110:
2093:
2079:
2078:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2026:
2022:
2015:
2011:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1990:
1989:
1982:
1981:
1974:
1966:
1965:Berlin Palace
1962:
1957:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1931:
1927:
1926:
1921:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1890:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1871:
1866:
1863:
1858:
1854:
1849:
1843:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1824:
1816:
1811:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1794:
1789:
1785:
1783:
1782:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1762:
1755:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1736:
1727:
1724:
1720:
1714:
1712:
1707:
1705:
1704:Prussian Army
1701:
1697:
1692:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1677:
1675:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1655:declared the
1654:
1644:
1642:
1638:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1611:
1607:
1602:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1569:
1563:
1555:
1549:
1540:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1452:
1440:
1431:
1422:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1380:
1376:
1373:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1347:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1316:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1303:
1299:
1296:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1275:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1250:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1234:
1231:
1226:
1225:Day of Labour
1223:
1220:
1219:
1216:(half-staff)
1215:
1211:
1207:
1204:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1177:
1173:
1168:
1167:Stadtweinhaus
1162:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1142:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1126:
1120:
1114:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1100:conservatives
1096:
1094:
1093:
1088:
1084:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1060:
1055:
1043:
1034:
1030:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1005:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
989:
986:
983:
980:
977:
972:
969:
966:
964:
961:
956:
954:5.0PB 3.0/12
953:
950:
948:
945:
941:
939:
933:
929:
924:
920:
915:
911:
908:
894:
893:
890:
888:
885:introduced a
884:
880:
875:
870:
866:
864:
855:
846:
844:
840:
836:
833:(Flag of the
831:
826:
821:
815:
814:
802:
798:
792:
787:
783:
779:
770:
765:
757:
752:
743:
740:
734:
728:
725:
720:
715:
709:
704:
699:
693:
688:
680:
675:
670:
661:
659:
655:
654:German states
651:
647:
643:
634:
629:
628:national flag
621:
618:(seat of the
617:
613:
609:
604:
594:
587:Flag variants
584:
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569:Weimar period
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459:swastika flag
456:
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451:German Empire
448:
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438:(1949–1990).
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7147:Transnistria
7098:Vatican City
6935:
6781:Bibliography
6687:
6655:Coat of arms
6635:Architecture
6612:Trade unions
6592:Prostitution
6552:Homelessness
6515:Demographics
6464:Trade unions
6431:
6421:German model
6394:Central bank
6338:Conservatism
6301:Human rights
6286:Court system
6281:Constitution
6261:
6107:Contemporary
6096:West Germany
6091:East Germany
6066:World War II
6061:Nazi Germany
6001:18th-century
5960:East Francia
5914:Cimbrian War
5764:East Germany
5759:Nazi Germany
5642:Lower Saxony
5521:Lower Saxony
5458:
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3206:Bundesschild
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3170:
3159:
3130:
3116:1990–present
3090:
3072:Soviet Union
3060:
3056:Reichsflagge
3050:Logo of the
3037:coat of arms
3026:
3014:Nordic Cross
2998:German Party
2983:
2976:Flag of the
2947:East Germany
2918:Josef Wirmer
2829:East Germany
2825:West Germany
2817:Soviet Union
2814:
2809:East Germany
2801:West Germany
2768:Lower Saxony
2761:
2734:West of the
2733:
2677:
2656:World War II
2653:
2634:
2620:Kriegsmarine
2615:
2608:
2601:
2593:Hudson River
2584:
2579:
2568:
2559:
2550:Adolf Hitler
2547:
2531:
2526:Nazi Germany
2465:
2446:Adolf Hitler
2434:
2422:Otto Hörsing
2418:trade unions
2387:
2360:
2358:
2349:
2339:
2310:
2291:
2255:Burkina Faso
2248:
2241:
2214:
2176:
2161:
2112:Relinquished
2051:state ensign
1988:kleindeutsch
1980:grossdeutsch
1970:
1935:
1929:
1923:
1913:Reichsflotte
1867:
1844:
1819:
1814:
1792:
1777:
1756:
1742:The 1815–16
1741:
1721:used by the
1716:
1710:
1709:
1693:
1678:
1676:until 1918.
1650:
1629:
1615:
1575:
1523:used as the
1510:
1468:
1462:
1444:14th century
1389:
1326:Adolf Hitler
1322:20 July Plot
1176:Johannes Rau
1148:
1130:
1097:
1090:
1081:
1072:
1067:The flag is
1066:
1042:
1033:
970:0.100.100.0
957:6.0R 4.5/14
936:
927:
918:
878:
876:
872:
868:
860:
808:
797:Bundesschild
775:
759:Civil banner
739:Bundesschild
729:
724:Bundesschild
714:Bundesschild
708:Bundesschild
684:
650:civil ensign
638:Federal flag
633:Bundesflagge
625:
558:
510:
483:
471:
467:Nazi symbols
441:The colours
440:
421:
409:German Reich
344:
279:Naval ensign
253:
157:
66:civil ensign
15:
7185:Isle of Man
7120:recognition
7078:Switzerland
7013:Netherlands
6582:Pornography
6557:Immigration
6520:Drug policy
6432:Mittelstand
6379:Agriculture
6343:Nationalism
6316:Transgender
6200:Earthquakes
6147:, 1583-1588
6145:Cologne War
6041:World War I
5943:Middle Ages
5929:Gothic Wars
5769:Wirmer Flag
5729:Mecklenburg
5622:Brandenburg
5501:Brandenburg
5363:Zeit Online
5207:24 February
5068:24 February
5036:24 February
4997:(in German)
4981:24 February
4955:24 February
4906:24 February
4871:24 February
4747:24 February
4717:24 February
4686:24 February
4653:24 February
4622:26 February
4586:23 December
4552:11 December
4522:23 December
4491:12 February
4422:23 December
4278:24 February
4247:24 February
4216:24 February
4155:24 February
4022:(in German)
3981:26 February
3949:26 February
3914:26 February
3836:(in German)
3769:26 February
3706:24 February
3640:10 February
3583:24 February
3551:26 February
3520:24 February
3363:14 February
3162:monarchists
3107:with white
2744:WĂĽrttemberg
2692:swallowtail
2626:German Navy
2430:Soviet star
2307:Reuss-Greiz
2244:World War I
1940:during the
1930:Paulskirche
1915:(1848–1852)
1838:(in modern
1694:During the
1477:black eagle
1196:27 January
1104:monarchists
1083:Vexillology
996:Hexadecimal
973:0.12.100.5
928:Traffic red
839:swallowtail
835:German Navy
681:, Australia
626:The German
579:Reichsadler
311:25 May 1956
228:7 June 1950
7338:Categories
7048:San Marino
7008:Montenegro
6988:Luxembourg
6968:Kazakhstan
6871:Azerbaijan
6743:Television
6728:Philosophy
6703:Literature
6562:Irreligion
6547:Healthcare
6510:Corruption
6276:Chancellor
6265:(military)
6262:Bundeswehr
5692:Historical
4306:10 January
3609:15 October
3306:References
3154:Bundeswehr
3131:After the
2778:See also:
2610:Mein Kampf
2555:Nazi Party
2534:See also:
2511:Nazi Party
2416:) and the
2344:Reichswehr
2315:Reuss-Gera
2067:Proportion
2043:State flag
2008:See also:
1786:) founder
1661:Francis II
1419:See also:
1337:3 October
1244:Europe Day
1106:, and the
1023:255,204,0
967:0.0.0.100
865:, states:
813:Bundeswehr
646:civil flag
636:(English:
598:Civil flag
591:See also:
573:liberalism
529:Metternich
525:banned by
506:Napoleon's
474:defamation
300:Proportion
217:Proportion
183:State flag
118:1949-05-23
105:1919-07-03
87:Proportion
62:state flag
7175:Gibraltar
6983:Lithuania
6698:Libraries
6678:Festivals
6525:Education
6469:Transport
6434:companies
6353:President
6291:Elections
6256:Bundesrat
6251:Bundestag
6220:Mountains
6188:Districts
6166:Geography
5899:Visigoths
5836:Overviews
5714:Franconia
5682:Thuringia
5571:Districts
5561:Thuringia
5374:5 January
5341:5 January
5305:5 January
5129:Home page
4542:loeser.us
3738:8 January
3387:ingeb.org
3320:‹See Tfd›
3199:with the
3054:used the
2949:(1959–90)
2811:(1949–59)
2639:Blutfahne
2589:jackstaff
2398:Magdeburg
1840:Thuringia
1813:The 1832
1651:In 1804,
1641:hoist/fly
1483:was used.
1400:president
1392:Bundestag
1249:Europatag
1108:far right
919:Jet black
843:navy jack
705:with the
463:far right
419:in 1949.
389:‹See Tfd›
368:tricolour
356:‹See Tfd›
131:tricolour
7286:Timeline
7195:Svalbard
7180:Guernsey
7127:Abkhazia
7063:Slovenia
7058:Slovakia
7033:Portugal
6891:Bulgaria
6790:Category
6708:Internet
6693:Language
6683:Folklore
6602:Religion
6577:Pensions
6572:Naturism
6449:Taxation
6333:Lobbying
6306:Intersex
6239:Politics
5848:Timeline
5827:General
5820:articles
5696:cultural
5662:Saarland
5541:Saarland
5451:National
5368:Archived
5335:Archived
5299:Archived
5267:Archived
5234:Archived
5201:Archived
5168:Archived
5132:Archived
5113:Archived
5062:Archived
5030:Archived
4900:Archived
4865:Archived
4806:Archived
4774:Archived
4647:Archived
4580:Archived
4546:Archived
4516:Archived
4485:Archived
4416:Archived
4365:Archived
4355:Fornax.
4334:Archived
4272:Archived
4241:Archived
4210:Archived
4186:9 August
4180:Archived
4116:Archived
4114:. 2008.
4054:Archived
4011:: 41–45.
3975:Archived
3943:Archived
3908:Archived
3882:11 March
3793:Archived
3732:Archived
3700:Archived
3674:9 August
3668:Archived
3634:Archived
3603:Archived
3577:Archived
3545:Archived
3514:Archived
3493:9 August
3487:Archived
3459:Archived
3447:Archived
3391:Archived
3354:Archived
3248:See also
3178:sig rune
3041:Saarland
2996:and the
2945:Flag of
2819:and the
2799:Flag of
2605:swastika
2522:War flag
2428:and the
2426:swastika
1925:Germania
1876:Ur-Fahne
1832:Wartburg
1815:Ur-Fahne
1793:Vandalia
1689:Napoleon
1517:war flag
1513:Crusades
1501:War flag
1394:and the
1308:20 July
1288:17 June
1087:heraldry
1069:blazoned
1020:255,0,0
1011:Decimal
1006:#FFCC00
1003:#FF0000
1000:#000000
951:0, 0, 0
938:Rapeseed
825:war flag
508:defeat.
191:war flag
7088:Ukraine
7038:Romania
6998:Moldova
6956:Ireland
6951:Iceland
6946:Hungary
6936:Germany
6931:Georgia
6921:Finland
6916:Estonia
6911:Denmark
6896:Croatia
6881:Belgium
6876:Belarus
6866:Austria
6861:Armenia
6856:Andorra
6851:Albania
6767:Outline
6673:Fashion
6660:Cuisine
6622:Culture
6587:Poverty
6530:Germans
6493:Society
6474:Welfare
6459:Tourism
6416:Exports
6389:Banking
6367:Economy
6271:Cabinet
6210:Islands
6205:Geology
6128:Regions
5894:Teutons
5867:Ancient
5829:History
5816:Germany
5734:Prussia
5724:Masuria
5632:Hamburg
5612:Bavaria
5589:Hamburg
5511:Hamburg
5491:Bavaria
5393:Germany
5273:5 March
5240:5 March
5174:5 March
4812:3 March
4780:3 March
4371:17 July
4340:17 July
4122:5 March
4060:2 March
3822:: 3–17.
3799:26 June
3105:defaced
3018:20 July
2684:Council
2575:Germany
2184:Hamburg
2136: (
2122: (
2099: (
2085: (
2075:Adopted
1936:In the
1723:lancers
1719:pennons
1663:of the
1586:Hamburg
1568:Hamburg
1503:of the
1410:History
1355:(1990)
1332:(1944)
1283:(1949)
1267:23 May
1262:(1950)
1191:Reason
1178:in 2006
1172:MĂĽnster
979:Pantone
778:Germany
703:defaced
677:at the
557:in his
533:in the
480:Origins
434:by the
432:adopted
366:) is a
351:Germany
308:Adopted
225:Adopted
116: (
103: (
95:Adopted
7190:Jersey
7132:Kosovo
7083:Turkey
7073:Sweden
7053:Serbia
7043:Russia
7028:Poland
7023:Norway
7003:Monaco
6973:Latvia
6941:Greece
6926:France
6901:Cyprus
6795:Portal
6650:Cinema
6630:Anthem
6597:Racism
6411:Energy
6225:Rivers
6183:States
6153:, 1848
5989:Modern
5818:
5719:Frisia
5704:Alsace
5667:Saxony
5627:Bremen
5617:Berlin
5584:Bremen
5579:Berlin
5546:Saxony
5506:Bremen
5496:Berlin
5478:States
5093:
4839:
4389:
4112:Online
3324:German
3238:Pegida
3112:flags.
3093:Winter
2702:dipped
2585:Bremen
2580:Bremen
2570:FĂĽhrer
2548:After
2542:, and
2466:Bremen
2406:Centre
2352:Colour
2333:, and
2223:, the
2188:LĂĽbeck
2186:, and
2180:Bremen
2149:Design
1961:Berlin
1604:After
1590:Bremen
1554:LĂĽbeck
1537:Early
1362:Advent
1240:9 May
1221:1 May
1155:decree
1078:Colour
1017:0,0,0
984:Black
940:yellow
898:Black
849:Design
616:Berlin
504:after
502:Europe
492:, and
426:, the
393:German
382:, and
360:German
316:Design
233:Design
187:ensign
141:, and
126:Design
7165:Ă…land
7068:Spain
6993:Malta
6963:Italy
6774:Index
6738:Sport
6723:Names
6718:Music
6713:Media
6668:Dance
6540:Women
6505:Crime
6479:Women
6215:Lakes
5889:Goths
5709:Baden
5637:Hesse
5516:Hesse
4831:[
3357:(PDF)
3350:(PDF)
3224:Italy
2748:Baden
2354:above
2327:black
2215:King
2047:civil
1616:When
1188:Name
1185:Date
1063:1999.
990:7405
904:Gold
486:black
376:black
135:black
58:Civil
26:, or
7260:and
6688:Flag
6645:Arts
6311:LGBT
5694:and
5376:2019
5343:2019
5307:2019
5275:2008
5242:2008
5209:2008
5176:2008
5091:ISBN
5070:2008
5038:2008
5005:and
4983:2008
4957:2008
4908:2008
4873:2008
4837:ISBN
4814:2008
4782:2008
4749:2008
4719:2008
4688:2008
4655:2008
4624:2008
4588:2007
4554:2009
4524:2007
4493:2021
4442:Time
4424:2007
4387:ISBN
4373:2010
4342:2010
4308:2008
4280:2008
4249:2008
4218:2008
4188:2007
4157:2008
4124:2008
4062:2008
3983:2008
3951:2008
3916:2008
3884:2015
3801:2020
3771:2008
3740:2019
3708:2008
3676:2007
3642:2008
3611:2022
3585:2008
3553:2008
3522:2008
3495:2007
3453:and
3399:2016
3365:2012
3231:2014
3195:but
3156:2008
3095:and
3068:Nazi
2957:3:5
2934:3:5
2803:and
2788:3:5
2746:and
2719:2:3
2498:3:5
2476:3:5
2350:see
2321:and
2269:2:3
2138:1935
2131:1935
2124:1919
2117:1919
2101:1933
2094:1933
2087:1867
2080:1867
2049:and
2012:and
1767:Jena
1672:the
1515:, a
1463:The
1164:The
987:485
963:CMYK
934:1021
925:3020
916:9005
901:Red
780:use
685:The
648:and
494:gold
384:gold
345:The
185:and
143:gold
60:and
6640:Art
6323:Law
5395:at
4927:100
3854:6+7
3242:AfD
2994:CSU
2990:CDU
2837:SED
2524:of
2448:as
2432:".
2414:SPD
2410:DDP
2331:red
2038:Use
1950:law
1834:in
1588:or
1328:by
1170:in
1013:RGB
947:HKS
910:RAL
630:or
614:in
583:.)
490:red
380:red
349:of
303:3:5
274:Use
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