231:
223:
647:
602:
557:
123:
29:
355:) to indicate alternating thumb pressure. If using the instrument with the balls removed, indicate strikes with single notes followed by arrows indicating the direction of the glissando (similar to a guitar tab pitch bend). It is recommended that pitch designation should only be approximate, as, "specific pitches are difficult but possible; glissandi without specific pitch are easily executed."
928:. "Perhaps the most famous example is probably still Khachaturian's Piano Concerto (1946)...However, when Khachaturyan came to the London Symphony Orchestra in the early 1970s he immediately ruled out the flexatone on sight, before a note had been played, and wanted a musical saw or nothing! Just how the flexatone came to appear in the score in the first place remains a complete mystery."
319:
beaters to strike the sides of the metal sheet. While shaking the handle, the musician makes a high- or low-pitched sound depending on the curve given to the blade by the pressure from his or her thumb: "As the thumb depresses the vibrating metal sheet, the relative pitch of the instrument ascends; as the thumb pressure is released, the relative pitch of the instrument descends." A
309:
is the normal effect, and thumb pressure on the free end of the plate alone changes the pitch, resulting in a glissando from note to note...It is usually employed as an abstract effect, since it is notoriously difficult to play specified pitches with any accuracy—the thumb pressure to sharpen or
347:
beater) held in the free hand striking the strip of spring steel. The pitch is altered in the same manner as the previous technique. "This method give the player greater control of the sound of the flexatone as it eliminates the need to shake the instrument." This method of playing results in a
318:
Wooden knobs mounted on strips of spring steel lie on each side of the metal sheet. The player holds the flexatone in one hand with the palm around the wire frame and the thumb on the free end of the spring steel. The player then shakes the instrument with a trembling movement which causes the
327:
It cannot be pretended that its scope or range are wide, but such as it is, it is quite irreplaceable. Its curious penetrating whine is created by rapid oscillation of the little wooden knob at the end of the thin flexible strips against the broad curving metal plate, whose curvature—and hence
289:
by the
Playatone Company of New York. "An instrument called the 'Flex-a-tone' was patented in the U.S.A. in 1924 by the Playertone Company of New York. It was introduced as a new instrument, making 'jazz jazzier' and announced as combining the tone effect of musical saw, orchestra bells, and
977:
Music
Through the Looking Glass: A Very Personal Kind of Dictionary of Musicians' Jargon, Shop-talk and Nicknames, and a Mine of Information about Musical Curiosities, Strange Instruments, Word Origins, Odd Facts, Orchestral Players' Lore, and Wicked Stories about the Music
363:
In contemporary music of the 20th century between around 1920 and 1970 the term "Flexatone" has been used on one hand for the instrument flexatone, on the other hand for the musical saw. Composers who used it for the musical saw were:
803:, p.27. "The flexatone is primarily use as a sound effect, often heard in classic cartoon sound tracks. The sound of this instrument can be compared to that of the musical saw, a 'flexible' tone that changes smoothly in pitch."
436:
music, and occasionally in pop music for special effect. It is occasionally used in the soundtracks of films or cartoons to represent "ghosts" or other paranormal phenomena. The instrument is also typical and common in
1027:. Act 2, Scene VIII, "opens with a long treble melismatic line of quite astounding expression and profundity—qualities in no small way attributable to its scoring for saxophone and musical saw."
274:
flexatone percussion instrument; shaking it causes two wooden balls, one on either side, to strike a metal blade subject to thumb pressure, which thereby can produce spooky glissando effects.
665:
620:
574:
663:
618:
573:
301:
The flexatone is a small, thin, flexible metal plate fastened to its frame at one end. The plate is hit alternatively on each side by rubber or wooden beaters mounted on a
294:." "Small sheet of spring steel in a frame with wooden strikers mounted on either side. The player shakes the beater while bending the steel in order to change the pitch."
351:
The flexatone is notated using tremolo lines (rolls) to indicate shaking the instrument and lines to indicate the desired direction of the glissando or a wavy line (
323:
is thus produced. While the instrument has a very limited dynamic range, volume can be controlled by how vigorously or delicately the player shakes the
Flexatone.
664:
619:
575:
214:
464:
and others. Schoenberg employed it, "unrealistically...accurate bursts of widely spaced sounds being hardly obtainable with such abruptness," in his
1412:
965:. Right after mentioning that, "the latter is orchestrally wholly unknown," he mentions Khachaturian's use of the flexatone in his Piano Concerto.
1933:
396:
310:
flatten is extremely subtle and difficult to gauge...The sound is quite clangy, a cross between the smoothness of a musical saw and a poor
1812:
207:
1079:
1361:
1169:
343:
An alternate technique involves removing the two wooden knobs and their mounting springs, and then using a small metal rod (e.g., a
1744:
1923:
1434:
1913:
872:
781:
483:
466:
348:
different, more constrained sound. The flexatone may also be bowed along its edge with an orchestral string instrument bow.
254:) consisting of a small flexible metal sheet suspended in a wire frame ending in a handle. Used in classic cartoons for its
1405:
1091:. "Khachaturian included a musical saw in the score for his first piano concerto, a part now usually played by a violin."
842:
1201:
1152:
297:
The instrument was first used in 1920s jazz bands as an effect but is now mainly and rarely used in orchestral music.
1384:
1343:
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41:
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1805:
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1398:
1108:. Report of a performance of "The Nose" in St. Petersburg 2004: "intriguing duet for balalaika and musical saw".
340:
generally make a perfectly acceptable alternative, especially when the music is somewhat indeterminate anyway."
1821:
1451:
1430:
1315:
772:
1779:
1769:
1649:
1442:
411:
344:
877:
Compositional and
Orchestrational Trends in the Orchestral Percussion Section Between the Years of 1960-2009
1759:
976:
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1882:
251:
122:
1059:
Excerpt of a recording of "Jonny spielt auf" with musical saw playing from 2'30, from 2'54 and from 3'48
328:
pitch—is controlled by the thumb. This effect cannot be emulated by any other means except possibly the
1798:
1764:
1713:
1063:
1004:
821:
776:, p.34. "The instrument has traditionally been used to create a comic glissando effect." Routledge.
1928:
226:
Suggested notation of music for flexatone, using roll symbols for the tremolo and approximate pitch
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8:
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172:
773:
Contemporary
Orchestration: A Practical Guide to Instruments, Ensembles, and Musicians
1754:
1380:
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1244:
1179:. Report of the premiere of "Elegy for young lovers" with mention of the musical saw.
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1170:
Henze: "Elegie fĂĽr Junge
Liebende” Uraufführung bei den Schwetzinger Festspielen
1708:
1682:
1634:
473:
329:
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183:
1159:. "The piece is memorable for including a musical saw in the slow movement..."
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1907:
1887:
1639:
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493:
352:
291:
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279:
187:
111:
101:
91:
801:
All About Hand
Percussion: Everything You Need to Know to Start Playing Now!
724:
How to Write for
Percussion: A Comprehensive Guide to Percussion Composition
1867:
1672:
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375:
311:
258:
1892:
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Records of 1922 and 1923. In 1924 the 'Flex-a-tone' was patented in the
1837:
1749:
1629:
1619:
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796:
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505:(1975), in his Viola Concerto (1985), and in his score for the ballet
1872:
1609:
1574:
1549:
1494:
1479:
1000:
Musical saw in
Honegger's opera "Antigone" starting from minute 27'23
255:
1790:
541:
owned a flexatone, and used flexatone music in compositions such as
1832:
1698:
1644:
1517:
1507:
1464:
1459:
358:
81:
1847:
1569:
1119:
The flexaton (Musical saw) part in
Shostakovich's opera 'The nose'
918:
Practical Percussion: A Guide to the Instruments and Their Sources
1877:
1594:
1527:
1512:
1474:
320:
306:
28:
1136:
The flexaton (Musical saw) part in Khachaturian's piano concerto
509:(1987), the flexatone represents the sound of the moaning wind.
1862:
1604:
1599:
1579:
1564:
1559:
438:
282:
71:
1624:
1614:
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1522:
531:(1976), as well as three of them at the climax of his opera
433:
487:(1998) plays a bowed flexatone before the final section.
268:
1450:
1281:Joseph Henry Auner, Judith Irene Lochhead (2002).
234:Rhythmic pattern easily playable on the flexatone
1905:
1260:Lochhead, Judy and Auner, Joseph; eds. (2013).
513:used it in many of his works, such as his 1988
867:, p.393. Connecticut: The Bold Strummer, Ltd.
1806:
1406:
1301:
1299:
1187:
1185:
1073:
1071:
937:Peinkofer, Karl and Tannigel, Fritz (1976). "
957:, p. 427-8. University of California.
875:. Quoted in Keller, Renee E. (June 2013). "
278:An invention for a flexatone occurs in the
1813:
1799:
1420:
1413:
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1068:
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121:
1362:International Music Score Library Project
912:
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742:
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1745:Classification of percussion instruments
865:Percussion Instruments and Their History
843:The Penguin Companion to Classical Music
792:
790:
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764:
762:
760:
229:
221:
944:
1906:
1435:List of percussion instruments by type
907:
737:
713:
359:Double meaning of the term "Flexatone"
1820:
1794:
1394:
787:
757:
527:uses it in the third movement of his
1202:Gubaidulina: The Canticle of the Sun
444:The instrument is not often used in
432:The flexatone is sometimes heard in
397:Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District
1934:20th-century percussion instruments
1283:Postmodern Music/Postmodern Thought
1262:Postmodern Music/Postmodern Thought
269:History, construction and technique
13:
1369:
1243:, unpaginated. Oxford University.
939:Handbook of Percussion Instruments
645:
600:
555:
14:
1945:
1377:Science of Percussion Instruments
1168:Bachmann, Claus-Henning (1961). "
261:, its sound is comparable to the
1775:List of vibraphone manufacturers
1240:The Concerto: A Listener's Guide
1220:Concerto for Viola and Orchestra
941:", p.75. Mainz, Germany: Schott.
679:Problems playing this file? See
661:
634:Problems playing this file? See
616:
589:Problems playing this file? See
571:
471:(1928) and his unfinished opera
448:, but it appears in the work of
27:
1349:
1336:Vivian Fine: A Bio-bibliography
1328:
1308:
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1145:
1128:
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1030:
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992:
968:
931:
52:Hornbostel–Sachs classification
1924:Pitched percussion instruments
1431:List of percussion instruments
886:
857:
831:
814:
517:second movement and his opera
332:...or perhaps the musical saw.
1:
1780:List of timpani manufacturers
1770:List of marimba manufacturers
707:
1914:Continuous pitch instruments
1760:List of cymbal manufacturers
1017:The Music of Arthur Honegger
1015:Spratt, Geoffrey K. (1987).
726:, p.170. Oxford University.
16:Modern percussion instrument
7:
1375:Rossing, Thomas D. (2000).
1237:Steinberg, Michael (2000).
846:, unpaginated. Penguin UK.
722:Solomon, Samuel Z. (2016).
688:
400:(1934), and film music for
252:indirectly struck idiophone
10:
1950:
1765:List of drum manufacturers
1714:Indoor percussion ensemble
1151:Clements, Andrew (2014). "
1019:, p.124. Cork University.
894:Encyclopedia of Percussion
548:
1828:
1737:
1691:
1663:
1540:
1503:
1441:
1428:
1200:von Rhein, John (2002). "
1036:Halbreich, Harry (1999).
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117:
110:
100:
90:
80:
70:
62:
50:
40:
35:
26:
1106:SocialAffairsUnit.org.uk
955:Anatomy of the Orchestra
953:Del Mar, Norman (1983).
467:Variations for Orchestra
1323:MusicSalesClassical.com
1226:MusicSalesClassical.com
1102:Gogol in St. Petersburg
1100:Conway, David (2004). "
1077:Nardolillo, Jo (2014).
916:Holland, James (2005).
822:Flexatone Sound Samples
484:The Canticle of the Sun
477:(1932). The cellist in
427:
1422:Percussion instruments
1305:Holland (2005), p.145.
1191:Holland (2005), p.169.
1040:, p.464. Hal Leonard.
974:Spiegl, Fritz (1984).
892:Beck, John H. (2013).
863:Blades, James (1992).
701:Heliogabalus imperator
650:
605:
560:
421:Elegy for young lovers
334:
316:
276:
235:
227:
1665:Electronic percussion
1334:Cody, Judith (2002).
1285:, p.134. Psychology.
770:Miller, R.J. (2014).
649:
604:
559:
325:
299:
272:
248:percussion instrument
233:
225:
1692:Percussion groupings
1542:Unpitched percussion
1338:, p.168. Greenwood.
1264:, p.134. Routledge.
1134:Micada, Katharina. "
1117:Micada, Katharina. "
981:, p.123. Routledge.
826:CompositionToday.com
657:Sound of a flexatone
612:Sound of a flexatone
567:Sound of a flexatone
525:Peter Maxwell Davies
1724:Percussion ensemble
1704:Marching percussion
1452:Keyboard percussion
1153:LPO/Vänskä – review
1083:, p.90. Scarecrow.
896:, p.29. Routledge.
386:Dmitri Shostakovich
173:Related instruments
23:
1719:Percussion section
1443:Pitched percussion
1206:ChicagoTribune.com
1140:Singende-Saege.com
1123:Singende-Saege.com
1080:All Things Strings
651:
606:
561:
515:concerto for piano
236:
228:
212:Kolberg Percussion
21:
1901:
1900:
1822:Shaken idiophones
1788:
1787:
1755:Percussion mallet
1536:
1535:
879:", p.102, n.166,
873:978-0-933224-71-1
782:978-0-415-74190-3
666:
621:
576:
479:Sofia Gubaidulina
458:Sofia Gubaidulina
454:Hans Werner Henze
450:Arnold Schoenberg
416:Hans Werner Henze
408:Aram Khachaturian
220:
219:
215:Steve Weiss Music
1941:
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1801:
1792:
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1360:: Scores at the
1357:The Race of Life
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520:Le Grand Macabre
501:movement of his
489:Alfred Schnittke
381:Jonny spielt auf
125:
76:bright, metallic
31:
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20:
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1379:, p. 105.
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1370:Further reading
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491:used it in his
446:classical music
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403:The New Babylon
366:Arthur Honegger
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374:, 1924/1927),
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42:Classification
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1888:Thunder sheet
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368:(Short opera
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112:Playing range
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1868:Monkey stick
1842:
1673:Drum machine
1470:Glockenspiel
1376:
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395:
389:
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376:Ernst Krenek
369:
362:
350:
342:
335:
326:
317:
312:glockenspiel
303:clock spring
300:
296:
292:song whistle
277:
273:
246:is a modern
243:
239:
237:
145:
127:
18:
1729:Drum circle
1177:(in German)
752:Kolberg.com
539:Vivian Fine
414:1936), and
263:musical saw
180:musical saw
1919:Idiophones
1908:Categories
1893:Toy rattle
1838:Egg shaker
1750:Drum stick
1655:Wood block
1630:Tambourine
1620:Snare drum
1490:Vibraphone
1204:" review,
978:Profession
920:, p.23-4.
748:Flexatones
708:References
695:Nutty Noah
681:media help
636:media help
591:media help
499:Tuba Mirum
244:fleximetal
196:water gong
192:vibraphone
46:Percussion
36:Percussion
1873:Rainstick
1843:Flexatone
1610:Mark tree
1575:Castanets
1550:Bass drum
1495:Xylophone
1480:Tubaphone
671:Playing 3
626:Playing 2
581:Playing 1
507:Peer Gynt
424:, 1961).
406:(1929)),
384:, 1927),
256:glissando
240:flexatone
208:Playatone
63:Developed
22:Flexatone
1833:Chajchas
1699:Drum kit
1650:Triangle
1645:Timbales
1518:Steelpan
1508:Handbell
1465:Crotales
1460:Carillon
840:(2004).
799:(2008).
689:See also
545:(1937).
537:(1980).
523:(1977).
394:(1929),
391:The Nose
371:Antigone
345:triangle
202:Builders
1878:Sistrum
1683:Octapad
1635:Tam-tam
1605:Maracas
1595:Cymbals
1590:Cowbell
1555:Bodhrán
1528:Timpani
1513:Handpan
1475:Marimba
1064:YouTube
1005:YouTube
881:Pas.org
549:Samples
503:Requiem
441:music.
418:(opera
378:(opera
353:chevron
321:vibrato
307:tremolo
280:British
1883:Shaker
1863:Maraca
1600:Djembe
1580:Claves
1565:Cabasa
1560:Bongos
1383:
1342:
1319:(1979)
1289:
1268:
1247:
1222:(1985)
1087:
1044:
1023:
985:
961:
924:
900:
871:
850:
807:
797:Kalani
780:
730:
439:G-Funk
283:Patent
259:effect
167:medium
92:Attack
86:medium
82:Volume
72:Timbre
56:112.12
1858:Katsa
1853:Hosho
1848:Ganzá
1738:Other
1625:Taiko
1615:Parai
1585:Conga
1570:CajĂłn
1523:Tabla
469:Op.31
338:Vibes
102:Decay
1381:ISBN
1340:ISBN
1287:ISBN
1266:ISBN
1245:ISBN
1085:ISBN
1042:ISBN
1021:ISBN
983:ISBN
959:ISBN
922:ISBN
898:ISBN
869:ISBN
848:ISBN
805:ISBN
778:ISBN
728:ISBN
434:funk
428:Uses
305:. A
250:(an
238:The
154:/ D#
106:slow
96:fast
66:1922
1321:",
1224:",
1172:",
1155:",
1138:",
1121:",
1104:",
1062:on
1003:on
824:",
750:",
481:'s
287:USA
242:or
158:–D#
150:–G#
136:/ E
1910::
1298:^
1184:^
1070:^
946:^
909:^
789:^
759:^
739:^
715:^
460:,
456:,
452:,
265:.
210:,
194:,
190:,
186:,
182:,
140:–E
132:–G
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314:.
160:5
156:3
152:4
148:2
146:E
142:6
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134:5
130:4
128:E
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