45:
Particles finer than 0.1 Ξm (10m) in water remain continuously in motion due to electrostatic charge (often negative) which causes them to repel each other. Once their electrostatic charge is neutralized by the use of a coagulant chemical, the finer particles start to collide and agglomerate
57:
and other suspended particles in liquids to aggregate, forming a floc. Flocculants are used in water treatment processes to improve the sedimentation or filterability of small particles. For example, a flocculant may be used in
124:. This form allows easy handling of viscous polymers at high concentrations. These emulsion polymers require "activation" â inversion of the emulsion so that the polymer's molecules form an aqueous solution.
97:. These positively charged molecules interact with negatively charged particles and molecules to reduce the barriers to aggregation. In addition, many of these chemicals, under appropriate
280:
37:, causing the solids to form larger aggregates that can be easily removed after they either float to the surface or sink to the bottom of the containment vessel.
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process. The most common liquid polyacrylamide is supplied as an emulsion with 10-40% actives and the rest is a non-aqueous carrier fluid, surfactants and
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which, upon precipitating, link together to form long chains or meshes, physically trapping small particles into the larger floc.
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Flocculants, or flocculating agents (also known as flocking agents), are chemicals that promote flocculation by causing
116:, are manufactured and sold by flocculant producers. These can be supplied in dry or liquid form for use in the
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P. Somasundaran "Encyclopedia of surface and colloid science, Volume 7, pp 4980-4982."
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74:(cloudy) and which would be difficult or impossible to remove by filtration alone.
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filtration to aid removal of microscopic particles which would otherwise cause the
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forces. These larger and heavier particles are called flocs.
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are used to remove suspended solids from liquids by inducing
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The following natural products are used as flocculants:
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281:"Conventional Coagulation-Flocculation-Sedimentation"
112:Long-chain polymer flocculants, such as modified
27:Agent used to remove suspended solids from liquid
316:
279:Global Health and Education Foundation (2007).
287:. National Academy of Sciences. Archived from
101:and other conditions such as temperature and
46:(collect together) under the influence of
250:Clarification and stabilization of wine
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317:
105:, react with water to form insoluble
24:
25:
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77:Many flocculants are multivalent
285:Safe Drinking Water is Essential
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272:
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1:
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7:
238:
10:
346:
40:
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234:(brown seaweed extracts)
223:seeds (Nirmali nut tree)
210:seeds (Horseradish tree)
139:aluminium chlorohydrate
255:Particle aggregation
220:Strychnos potatorum
165:iron(III) chloride
167:(ferric chloride)
161:(ferrous sulfate)
154:calcium hydroxide
144:aluminium sulfate
31:Clarifying agents
16:(Redirected from
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309:
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300:
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296:
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207:Moringa oleifera
181:sodium aluminate
159:iron(II) sulfate
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325:Water treatment
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186:sodium silicate
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114:polyacrylamides
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171:polyacrylamide
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64:drinking water
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291:on 2007-10-07
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149:calcium oxide
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60:swimming pool
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48:Van der Waals
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330:Food science
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293:. Retrieved
289:the original
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118:flocculation
111:
76:
52:
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35:flocculation
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260:Coagulation
319:Categories
295:2007-12-01
266:References
176:polyDADMAC
107:hydroxides
18:Flocculant
232:Alginates
201:Isinglass
95:magnesium
83:aluminium
239:See also
227:Guar gum
196:Chitosan
103:salinity
81:such as
55:colloids
245:Finings
214:Gelatin
91:calcium
79:cations
41:Process
128:Agents
72:turbid
70:to be
122:latex
68:water
134:alum
87:iron
93:or
62:or
321::
283:.
99:pH
89:,
85:,
298:.
20:)
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