133:
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586:(strong) of their blade (a "parry"). This switches the "priority" to the fencer who just parried. The second way priority can be switched is if the attacking fencer's attack misses (this is generally judged off the attacking fencer's arm extension. The final major way "priority" can be shifted is if the defending fencer "beats" their opponent's blade (this can also be used by the attacking fencer to make it clear to the referee that they are continuing their attack) this involves striking the
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apparatus illuminates an appropriate light. Color-coding is used: white or yellow indicates hits not on the valid target area, and either red or green indicate hits on the valid target area (red for one fencer, green for the other). When fencing, the FIA (international fencing federation) states that the tip requires a minimum of 500 grams to complete the circuit.
198:
with a button at the tip in electric blades, that provides information when the blade tip touches the opponent. (There are also a range of plastic swords made by varying manufacturers for use by juniors.) Lacking the button and associated electrical mechanism, a judge is required to determine the scoring and the victor in a tournament with non-electric foils.
175:
552:
In foil the valid target area includes the torso (including the lower part of the bib of the mask) and the groin. The head (except the lower part of the bib of the mask), arms, and legs are considered off target. Touches made off-target do not count for points, but do stop play. Touches to the guard
436:
Age groups are necessary to separate skill and body maturity levels in order to create a level playing field. The current age groups for foil (and also épée and sabre) are Y10 (age 10 and under), Y12 (age 12 and under), Y14 (age 14 and under), cadet (age 16 and under), junior (age 19 and under), and
379:
writes "let the foils be brought"), the use as a weapon for sport is more recent. The foil was used in France as a training weapon in the middle of the 18th century in order to practice fast and elegant thrust fencing. Fencers blunted the point by wrapping a foil around the blade or fastening a knob
265:
A foil fitted with an
Italian grip. The Italian grip is still in use as the initial teaching weapon in Italy and many other countries that follow the Italian pedagogical tradition. While still in use with many classical fencers, most competitive sport fencers have abandoned the Italian grip in favor
326:
The electric foil contains a socket underneath the guard that connects to the scoring apparatus via the body cord and a wire that runs down a channel cut into the top of the blade. Electric foil sockets are fixed so that the body cord plugs into the weapon at the fencer's wrist. There are two main
197:
There are two types of foil used in modern fencing. Both types are made with the same basic parts: the pommel, grip, guard, and blade. The difference between them is one is electric, and the other is known as "steam" or "dry". The blades of both varieties are capped with a plastic or rubber piece,
464:
Rules for the sport of fencing date back to the 19th century. The current international rules for foil were adopted by the FIE Committee for Foil on 12 June 1914. They are based on previous sets of rules adopted by national associations. The rules governing the use of electrical judging apparatus
418:
issued a new rule book stating that women were allowed to compete in foil (in bouts to four points or eight minutes), but touches below the waist (delineated by a dark-colored sash) were off-target. In 1957 they issued a new rule book including alternate rules for 8-point bouts (women's foil) and
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The target area for modern foil is said to come from a time when fencing was practiced with limited safety equipment. Another factor in the target area is that foil rules are derived from a period when dueling to the death was the norm. Hence, the favored target area is the torso, where the vital
575:
Foil competition and scoring is governed by the rules of priority, also known as right of way. Originally meant to indicate which competitor would have scored the touch (or lethally injured the other), it is now a main contributor to the appeal of the sport of fencing. In essence, it decides who
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The tip of the electric foil terminates in a button assembly that generally consists of a barrel, plunger, spring, and retaining screws. The circuit is a "normally closed" one, meaning that at rest there is always a complete power circuit; depressing the tip breaks this circuit, and the scoring
225:
as required for international competitions. To prevent the blade from breaking or causing harm to an opponent, the blade is made to bend upon impact with its target. The maximum length of the blade must be 90 cm (35 in). The length of the assembled weapon at maximum is 110 cm
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The cord of any type of electric fencing weapon goes through the fencing gear, coming out behind the fencer. The cord of a foil has one end connecting to the back of the fencing strip, and the other end attaches to the foil. The two ends are not interchangeable with one another.
241:(weak) which is the two thirds of the blade near the tip. There is a part of the blade contained within the grip called a tang. It extends past the grip enough to be fastened to the pommel and to hold the rest of the foil together. When an Italian grip is used, see below, a
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Ratings/Rankings are generally run by national fencing federations and use varying scales based on that particular federations system. These ratings are used as the basis for initial seeding into the pool rounds of tournaments and vary country to country.
473:
The foil is used as a thrusting (or point) weapon only. Contact with the side of the blade (a slap or slash) does not result in a score. The tip of the foil must be depressed for at least 15 (± .5) milliseconds while in contact with the opponent's
266:
of variations of the pistol grip, with the French grip used rarely. The French grip is easier to learn, but the pistol grip gives a wider range of handling. As of March 2019, the
Italian grip remains legal for use in modern competition.
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The basic rules are whoever the referee judges to be the attacking fencer has "priority". This "priority" can be changed in several ways. The first is the defending fencer deflects the attack from the fencer with "priority" with the
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10-point bouts (men at all weapons), with a requirement of a two-point advantage (15-minute time limit). In 1965 they issued a new rule book in which the target area for women's foil was made the same as that for men's foil.
478:(wire-mesh jacket which covers valid target area) to score a touch. The foil lamé only covers the torso while in sabre it covers the whole upper body. The tip must be able to support a minimum force of 4.90
274:. Two grips are used in foil: straight traditional grips with external pommels (Italian, French, Spanish, and orthopedic varieties); and the newer design of pistol grips, which fix the hand in a specific,
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270:
The guard is fastened to the blade, plug, and grip. Then the pommel, a type of fastener, is attached to the grip and holds the rest together. The type of pommel used depends on the type of
411:
Women's foil was first competed at the
Olympics in 1924 in Paris, and was the only Olympic fencing event in which women competed until women's épée was introduced at the 1996 Olympics.
327:
sockets in use today: the "bayonette" which has a single prong and twists-locks into the foil, and the two prong, which has different diameters for each prong, held in place by a clip.
553:
are the only touches that do not stop play. The target area has been changed multiple times, with the latest change consisting of adding the bottom half of the bib to the target zone.
305:, scoring in foil has been accomplished by means of registering the touch with an electric circuit. A switch at the tip of the foil registers the touch, and a metallic foil vest, or
592:(weak) of their opponents blade with their own. If both fencers are judged by the referee to be seeking to beat each other's blades then the fencer who is on the attack is favored.
205:
and most national organizations require electric scoring apparatus since the 1956 Olympics, although some organizations still fence competitively with non-electric swords.
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senior (anything over 19). While an older competitor cannot compete in a younger category, the contrary is allowed and encouraged, in order to expedite learning.
226:(43 in), and the maximum weight must be less than 500 g (18 oz); however, most competition foils are lighter, closer to 350 g (12 oz).
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of total length 110 cm (43 in) or under, rectangular in cross section, weighing under 500 g (18 oz), with a blunt tip. As with the
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384:). In addition to practicing, some fencers took away the protection and used the sharp foil for duels. German students took up that practice in
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Rules used by the
Amateur Fencers’ League of America dating to 1891 can be found at the Museum of American Fencing site. See next reference.
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receives the point (there can only be one competitor that receives a point per engagement) when both competitors hit.
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166:, points are only scored by making contact with the tip. The foil is the most commonly used weapon in fencing.
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The rules for the sport of fencing are regulated by national sporting associations—in the United States, the
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Although the foil as a blunted weapon for sword practice goes back to the 16th century (for example, in
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Foils have standardized, tapered, rectangular blades in length and cross-section that are made of
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1340:"Blue/Finals Piste: Men's Foil Team Bronze & Gold Medal Bouts - Fencing | Tokyo 2020 Replays"
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The veteran age group consists of 40 and over, 60 and over, and 70 and over sub-groups.
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In 1896, foil (and sabre) were included as events in the first
Olympic Games in Athens.
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foils are also known to have been used, but their weight and use were very different.
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Foil, Saber, and Épée
Fencing: Skills, Safety, Operations, and Responsibilities
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486:) without the circuit breaking. This is tested with a 500g (± 3g) weight.
458:(USFA) and internationally by the International Fencing Federation (FIE).
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position, and which have pommels that fit into a countersink in the grip.
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524: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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644:. Fédération Internationale d'Escrime. December 2022. pp. 12–16.
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235:(strong) which is the one third of the blade near the guard, and the
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Garret, Maxwell R.; Kaidanov, Emmanuil G.; Pezza, Gil A. (1994).
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362:, the common sidearm of 18th century gentleman. Rapier and even
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724:"Size 3 Leon Paul Plastic Foil - Plastic - Swords - Mini-Fence"
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Physical
Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America
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The detailed rules for foil are listed in the USFA Rulebook.
354:"Pariser" small sword, from which the French foil was derived
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1158:
Amateur
Fencers League of America Fencing Rules and Manual
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Amateur
Fencers League of America Fencing Rules and Manual
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were adopted in 1957 and have been amended several times.
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exhibiting techniques of foil fencing at the 1900 Olympics
1160:. New York City: Amateur Fencers League of America, Inc.
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Higginson, Steve; Jacobs, Peter; Smith, Peter (2014) .
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Non-electric ones are primarily used for practice. The
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1142:. New York City: Amateur Fencers League of America.
1124:. New York City: Amateur Fencers League of America.
245:extends from under the guard, inside of the grip's
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1363:
901:Fencing Officials Commission (December 29, 2012).
656:"Fencing competition types: Foil, Sabre, and Epee"
169:
1381:
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989:"THE DEVELOPMENT OF FOIL (Part 1) / LeonPaul.com"
154:is one of the three weapons used in the sport of
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1122:Amateur Fencers League of America Fencing Rules
358:The modern foil is the training weapon for the
293:Exploded view of a modern fencing foil, with a
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309:, verifies that the touch is on valid target.
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1311:"Weapons - Rules - Tokyo loves fencing - FIE"
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143:(R) in the final of the women's foil event,
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392:("Parisian") thrusting small sword for the
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229:The blade of a foil has two sections: the
1252:"Rule Books – Museum Of American Fencing"
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903:"Referees' Commission: Is My Grip Legal?"
540:Learn how and when to remove this message
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
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772:Murgu, Andreia-Ileana (August 2006).
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522:adding citations to reliable sources
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58:adding citations to reliable sources
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1439:Fédération Internationale d'Escrime
1377:U.S. Fencing organization home page
203:Fédération Internationale d'Escrime
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1368:– International Fencing Federation
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297:and a bayonet-style body cord plug
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456:United States Fencing Association
416:Amateur Fencers League of America
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27:Weapon and type of modern fencing
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1283:"The FIE Rules for Competitions"
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380:on the point ("blossom", French
145:2013 World Fencing Championships
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1164:
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1015:in (accessed 20 February 2016).
1005:
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957:
940:
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894:
749:"The technology behind fencing"
747:Nelson, Danielle (2015-03-17).
509:needs additional citations for
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170:Non-electric and electric foils
45:needs additional citations for
1490:Fencing at the Summer Olympics
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13:
1:
1808:Straight swords (Double-edge)
1288:. British Fencing Association
1105:Fencing Equipment and History
1026:"A Parent's Guide to Fencing"
1011:William Shakespeare, Hamlet,
624:
192:
2207:Iron Age – Three Kingdom Era
1120:; et al., eds. (1940).
1103:Reference: Olympic website,
7:
1803:Curved swords (Single-edge)
1798:Thrusting swords (Edgeless)
1495:World Fencing Championships
1416:
1256:museumofamericanfencing.com
1107:(accessed 22 January 2016).
924:"Fencing - Organized sport"
595:
10:
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1203:. In the Hands of a Child.
1200:Fencing: Ancient to Modern
1071:PutraDanayu (2021-03-30).
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2283:Heian – Kamakura periods
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2967:Phra Saeng Khan Chai Si
2340:Meiji period and beyond
2319:Muromachi – Edo periods
1050:"The Basics of Fencing"
928:Encyclopedia Britannica
565:Priority (right of way)
312:
3114:Modern European swords
2198:Liaoning bronze dagger
1921:Migration Period sword
1094:(accessed 21 Jan 2016)
878:"USA Fencing Rulebook"
561:
396:("thrusting mensur").
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186:Jean-Baptiste Mimiague
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2533:Post-classical period
2223:Goryeo and Joseon era
2191:Bronze Age – Gojoseon
1913:Post-classical period
1509:Modern fencing topics
1136:Miguel A. de Capriles
1118:Miguel A. de Capriles
851:www.blue-gauntlet.com
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353:
344:Further information:
289:
264:
177:
139:(L) competes against
135:
2868:Spanish colonization
2262:Yayoi – Nara periods
1372:Components of a Foil
1177:. Penn State Press.
948:"FIE Material Rules"
699:www.physicalarts.com
560:Target area for foil
518:improve this article
221:low-carbon steel—or
54:improve this article
2581:Early modern period
2504:Parthian Long Sword
2410:Medieval and modern
2032:Basket-hilted sword
1956:Early modern period
1694:Martial arts manual
1526:High school fencing
1434:Glossary of fencing
1154:Jose R. de Capriles
301:Beginning with the
158:. It is a flexible
141:Carolin Golubytskyi
69:"Foil" fencing
2928:Post-Classic stage
2561:Turko-Mongol Sabre
2009:Late modern period
1531:Wheelchair fencing
1521:Collegiate fencing
1429:History of fencing
571:Priority (fencing)
562:
388:and developed the
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346:History of fencing
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1669:Modern pentathlon
1500:Fencing World Cup
1483:Main competitions
1315:tokyo2020.fie.org
1184:978-0-271-01019-9
969:www.fencing.ab.ca
965:"Fencing Weapons"
953:. September 2021.
695:"Fencing Weapons"
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130:
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16:(Redirected from
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3109:European weapons
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2240:Four Tiger Sword
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1831:Bronze Age sword
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638:"Material Rules"
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386:academic fencing
291:Parts of a foil.
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1778:classifications
1771:
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1664:List of fencers
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1516:Olympic fencing
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1356:External links
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1234:
1218:"SportsEngine"
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1156:, ed. (1965).
1145:
1138:, ed. (1957).
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1041:
1038:on 2021-06-24.
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784:(3): 725–736.
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282:Electric foils
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257:Guard assembly
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223:maraging steel
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179:Italo Santelli
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137:Arianna Errigo
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2062:Sword bayonet
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2042:Hunting sword
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1989:Espada ropera
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1793:Swordsmanship
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1684:Swordsmanship
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1341:
1335:
1321:on 2022-12-05
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1222:usfencing.org
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1090:FIE History:
1087:
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848:
847:"Fencing 101"
842:
828:
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799:
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783:
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743:
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719:
705:on 2023-05-07
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512:
507:This section
505:
501:
496:
495:
487:
485:
481:
477:
466:
462:
459:
457:
451:
450:Fencing rules
441:
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347:
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328:
319:
310:
308:
304:
303:1956 Olympics
296:
295:Visconti grip
292:
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74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
2759:Dahong palay
2684:Parang Nabur
2664:Keris bahari
2616:Early period
2457:Central Asia
2047:Pistol sword
1931:Arming sword
1926:Viking sword
1689:Dueling scar
1603:Displacement
1598:Prise de fer
1459:
1345:olympics.com
1343:
1334:
1323:. Retrieved
1319:the original
1314:
1290:. Retrieved
1276:
1264:. Retrieved
1260:the original
1255:
1246:
1237:
1225:. Retrieved
1221:
1199:
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516:Please help
511:verification
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52:Please help
47:verification
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18:Foil (sword)
2980:Mesoamerica
2703:Philippines
2657:Late period
2455:Western and
2230:Bonguk geom
2214:Hwandudaedo
2126:Ming – Qing
2037:Small sword
1994:Swiss degen
1774:Sword types
1674:Knife fight
1617:Equipment (
1292:January 11,
908:January 11,
882:USA Fencing
827:USA Fencing
490:Target area
484:grams-force
377:Shakespeare
360:small-sword
249:, into the
3098:Categories
2994:Macuahuitl
2750:(Binangon)
2541:Arab sword
2464:Prehistory
2362:Shikomizue
2112:Hook sword
1974:Katzbalger
1964:Zweihänder
1824:Prehistory
1679:Half-sword
1325:2021-10-13
1266:12 January
1227:12 January
998:2021-06-21
974:2021-06-21
933:2021-10-13
887:2019-07-28
856:2019-07-28
832:2019-07-28
758:2019-07-28
733:2021-08-07
709:2019-07-28
665:2021-06-21
625:References
394:StoĂźmensur
193:Background
80:newspapers
2875:Balisword
2774:Ginunting
2718:Balasiong
2711:Classical
2608:Indonesia
2326:Wakizashi
2148:Yanmaodao
2117:Zhanmadao
1979:Cinquedea
1936:Longsword
1898:Rhomphaia
1628:Body cord
1545:Bladework
823:"Weapons"
798:1047-9651
774:"Fencing"
642:FIE Rules
364:longsword
276:ergonomic
3041:Mainland
3031:Acinaces
2960:Thailand
2944:Cambodia
2903:Mainland
2834:Sansibar
2794:Karambit
2784:Kampilan
2748:Binagong
2738:Batangas
2723:Bangkung
2551:Shamshir
2546:Scimitar
2499:Acinaces
2305:Nagamaki
2143:Changdao
2133:Liuyedao
2105:Medieval
2057:Spadroon
1946:Falchion
1941:Claymore
1883:Makhaira
1712:Category
1619:glossary
1608:Priority
1541:Footwork
806:16952760
660:ActiveSG
596:See also
247:quillons
219:annealed
215:tempered
3119:Fencing
3054:Kaskara
3026:Khopesh
2890:Tenegre
2885:Hagibis
2849:Talibon
2844:Susuwat
2839:Sundang
2829:Sanduko
2809:Panabas
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2669:Klewang
2594:Kindjal
2566:Yatagan
2518:Falcata
2476:Khopesh
2422:Kastane
2417:Firangi
2384:Ancient
2357:NinjatĹŤ
2300:Kodachi
2274:Tsurugi
2269:ChokutĹŤ
2235:Wungeom
2169:Miaodao
2084:Ancient
2052:Shashka
2027:Cutlass
1999:Colhona
1878:Falcata
1864:Gladius
1836:Khopesh
1732:Outline
1578:Riposte
1448:Weapons
1418:Fencing
480:newtons
469:Scoring
423:Ratings
390:Pariser
382:fleuret
340:History
243:ricasso
156:fencing
94:scholar
3079:Takoba
3074:Billao
3069:Shotel
3064:Flyssa
3059:Nimcha
3012:Africa
2999:Macana
2824:Pinuti
2814:Parang
2804:Laring
2769:Gayang
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2733:Barong
2728:Banyal
2638:Balato
2633:Parang
2628:Niabor
2623:Mandau
2509:Xiphos
2432:Pulwar
2427:Talwar
2401:Aruval
2391:Khanda
2331:Katana
2295:ĹŚdachi
2157:Modern
2017:Rapier
1888:Spatha
1869:Xiphos
1817:Europe
1588:Flèche
1573:Remise
1568:Attack
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618:Rapier
589:foible
432:Groups
372:Hamlet
322:Socket
238:foible
182:(left)
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2859:Wasay
2819:Pirah
2799:Lahot
2789:Kalis
2779:Gulok
2764:Garab
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2514:Kopis
2396:Urumi
2376:India
2352:IaitĹŤ
2347:GuntĹŤ
2310:TantĹŤ
2290:Tachi
2254:Japan
2183:Korea
2164:Dadao
2138:Wodao
2076:China
2022:Sabre
1984:Estoc
1874:Kopis
1859:Harpe
1643:Forte
1633:Piste
1593:Flick
1563:Feint
1558:Lunge
1553:Parry
1465:Sabre
1286:(PDF)
1074:Sword
1053:(PDF)
1036:(PDF)
1029:(PDF)
951:(PDF)
583:forte
482:(500
444:Rules
232:forte
209:Blade
160:sword
101:JSTOR
87:books
2854:Utak
2754:Bolo
2643:Gari
2589:Qama
2442:Pata
2091:Jian
1903:Falx
1893:Sica
1776:and
1648:Grip
1638:Lamé
1583:Ward
1460:Foil
1455:Épée
1294:2017
1268:2017
1229:2017
1179:ISBN
910:2017
802:PMID
794:ISSN
608:Épée
476:lamé
313:Cord
307:lamé
272:grip
251:tang
217:and
184:and
164:épée
152:foil
73:news
3049:Ida
2919:Dha
2096:Dao
786:doi
520:by
331:Tip
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