Fort Glanville Conservation Park

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January 1880 two guns were in place and the fort opened later the same year with an extensive opening ceremony on 2 October. In addition to parades, a small target was moored 3,500 yards (3,200 m) offshore and fired on by all guns. A total of sixteen shots was fired during which one of the ten inch guns proved faulty. Only one ranging shot was fired and the shots were estimated to land from on-target to 350 yards short. The fort's final cost was approximately £36,000 (A$ 7.05 million in 2005) consisting of £23,600 for physical structures and the remainder for armament and fittings. At the time of its construction it was at the forefront of such fortification design, and was considered

58: 1454: 889: 1050: 39: 682: 1030:) system—or via the Armstrong mechanical loader. The Armstrong system enabled loading of the guns from behind the protection of the rampart whereas the manual system required at least two crew to be exposed on the rampart's top. Despite this the guns were manually loaded for most of their operational life as the Armstrong cable drive was faulty and too difficult to maintain. The guns had a 14-man crew and loading took about 2 minutes, a rate of fire that was only slightly faster using the Armstrong equipment. 999: 742: 1159: 835: 602: 65: 1077:, England in 1872. Their intended use was to protect the flanks and approaches to the fort. These smaller guns use an 8 lb (4 kg) charge of gunpowder to send a 64 lb (29 kg) projectile up to 5,000 yards (4,600 m). There are iron rings fixed in the rampart wall that indicate traversing gun carriages were intended to be mounted, though this never eventuated. The guns were supplied with 913:. This first roof leaked and an iron roof was added in 1885. The first floor of the barracks contains the officer's rooms and troop's barracks room. Its eastern (outer) wall is not flat, incorporating a design feature known as "hornwork", which opens the field of fire from the rifle holes. Some of the firing holes were bricked in during the 1930s; this has been only partly rectified during restoration. 1102:. Both were returned to the fort in 1976 and remounted on restored carriages of the original design. They are the only two guns of their type remaining in Australia. The southern gun (Number 463) fired three blank charges in 1980 to mark the centenary of the first firing at the fort. This same gun is fired regularly by the volunteers of the Fort Glanville Historical Association (FGHA). 549:

Hall at Semaphore, on a promontory called "Point Malcom"—a name that is now used for an adjacent reserve. The site was chosen so as to best guard shipping sailing to both the Port River and the Outer Harbour; and a second northern fort was to protect the entrance to Port River itself. At the time of its construction it was seen as a defence against foreign threats, mainly

496:, Semaphore and Glenelg, connected by a military road and supported by field gun emplacements, naval elements and mobile forces. He determined that South Australia's most probable defence risk was an attack by up to two ships rather than a larger force, and this formed the basis of the final fortification design. His report called for Military Road to be extended to 990:. Jervois had originally ordered the 18 ton guns but cancelled the order and changed to the Armstrong 20 ton when the arsenal was unable fulfil the order. He also ordered Armstrong's mechanical loading and protected barbette system for the 20 ton guns. This original battery of four heavy guns remains in place at the fort. 769:. The rampart is covered by natural vegetation and, in both the 19th and 21st century operation, is closed to access to preserve this. The glacis gives extra protection to the fort and was designed to blend the fort into the landscape. It surrounded the fort on the north, south and seaward sides and was made by forming the surrounding 986:

shields. 64-pounder RML guns were substituted for two of the 9 in guns and 10 in 20 ton RML guns for the remaining two. The 20 ton guns were chosen over the then standard 18 ton gun by Jervois after he saw the plans in England, the decision influenced by the then fully committed nature of the

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proposal would have greatly extended the useful life of the fort, at little cost. The two military branches, army and navy, could not reach agreement and the proposal was abandoned by 1897. The gun's eventual fate is unknown, though a gun found in the Port River later indicates they may have been dumped.

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in Port Adelaide. In this case no shots were fired and the strikers did not confront the police or troops. Additional defence acts were passed in 1886, 1890 and 1895 but, until defence passed into federal hands after 1901, the state's permanent military force was composed solely of artillery. Shortly

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The historical association is an incorporated body of volunteers who use the fort under licence from the Minister. The association operate the fort and visitor centre, holding monthly public open days at which the history of the fort is recreated; this includes drill demonstrations and firing of the

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The fort was very well constructed with high quality materials, facts that have been noted as contributing to its preservation. The fort is largely intact and in original condition and is, along with Bluff Battery in Hobart, the best preserved Jervois-Scratchley designed fort in Australia. It is the

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made in 1867. It was also used by A Battery, subsequently by Fort Largs as a signal gun. It is one of only two of this type known to exist, the other in the United Kingdom. The visitors centre has two 9-pounder brass smoothbore field guns made by H&C King in 1819. They arrived in South Australia

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of the South Australian Engineer-in-Chief's Department, supervised by Scratchley in his Melbourne headquarters. Moncrieff, at Scratchley's suggestion, was later to supervise the fort's construction. Plans for both batteries were completed in June 1878, tenders called for in July and the contract for

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and artillery. Though there was a few years of enthusiasm and a restructuring in 1866, by 1870 the force was virtually disbanded. In that year also, British troops were withdrawn from the other Australian colonies; none were by then stationed in South Australia. With no definitive defence policy, in

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Fort Glanville Historical Association operates the park under license and conducts open days in the park, recreating the past operation of the fort including military drill and the firing of period weapons. The Association, park service, other volunteers and various grants have all helped ensure the

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decided in 1937 that much of the equipment and fittings at the fort were surplus to requirements. Consequent to this the mountings and carriages for the 10 inch guns were removed and sold as scrap; though effort was made to scrap the barrels it proved uneconomic and they were left in place. In

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Work began in 1882 on Fort Glanville's northern sister Fort Largs—then known as the Port Adelaide battery—to the same specification as Fort Glanville; its barracks and rear defence wall were finished in 1885. Though guns had already been purchased specially, plans for the third fort at Glenelg were

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had not been tried before and the plan was abandoned due to the large expected cost. Two of the 9 in guns had been in South Australia since c.1868 after a Colonial Government request, but were not used in the eventual fort design. The final Jervois/Scratchley design omitted the turret and iron

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for the drill squad during recreation demonstrations but originally was a guard's room and separate cells connected by telephone to Fort Largs. Up to three men appear to have been accommodated in the guard's room. When the fort was converted to use as a caravan park the guard house was converted to

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in the room caused a number of injuries, damage to the store and to the above officer's quarters. The barracks room and officer's quarters are connected with a door, probably added in the 1930s as it is not part of the original plans. The barracks room accommodated approximately 20 men. For display

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Scratchley had inspected the proposed South Australian fort sites, and Jervois and Scratchley were both responsible for the final fort design and location. The first fort was erected to guard both the entrance to Port Adelaide and the anchorage at Semaphore. It was built on sandhills near Glanville

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and is administered by the DEW. It is divided into roughly two-halves with the northern containing the fort and the southern half containing a caravan park. While it is managed by the DEW, the Fort Glanville Consultative Committee and Fort Glanville Historical Association are heavily involved. The

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significantly with large gaps that are not evident in the original timber. Adelaide City Council agreed to return the 64-pounder guns and new wheels were made; replacing those rotted over half a century before. In a ceremony on 2 October 1980, the 100th anniversary of the guns first firing, one of

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loading system. They were made to the 1878 pattern and supplied on traversing slides. The guns have a 10-inch (250 mm) calibre, a range of 6,500 yards (5,900 m) with a muzzle velocity of 1,630 feet per second (497 m/s) and are capable of penetrating 11 inches (28 cm) of iron at

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walk, though the former road was slightly to the south. This walk links the conservation park's visitor centre to the fort gates; some of the old road can still be seen close to the gates. What was the muster ground is partly taken up by the caravan and camping park and a car park. It was levelled

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There is little in the way of surviving personnel records from the fort's active time. They may have either been destroyed or transferred to Melbourne after federation. The fort's record book shows it manned by a section of either the Royal Australian Artillery or B Company of the militia garrison

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named the old road "Queen Elizabeth II Walk" in a March 1991 ceremony, commemorating the 5th anniversary of the queen's visit. Considerable subsequent restoration work has been completed on the fort, including the barrack's interior. The portion of the muster ground that is not within the caravan

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After the war, the State Government negotiated with its federal counterpart to gain control of Fort Glanville. This eventuated in the 1951 sale of the 13-acre (5 ha) site, which was subsequently administered by the State Tourist Department as a caravan and camping park. The park occupied the

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In the late 20th century the fort acquired three 16-pounder RML mark I field guns. They were formerly used by A battery, South Australian Volunteer Artillery from 1880 until 1901. Gun number 288 is complete and used for blank firings by the Historical Association. Also acquired is a 2-pounder RML

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for the South Australian Permanent Military Force, then the state's entire standing army of one officer and eighteen other ranks. Some of the unit was stationed at nearby Fort Largs from 1886; and, by 1889 the unit had grown to one officer and 45 other ranks. This force grew to 53 of all ranks by

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During the early 1870s South Australia's defence was solely dependent on the volunteer military, and a few artillery pieces purchased during earlier war scares. British troops had been withdrawn from the Australian colonies in 1870, leaving the state dependent on its own military resources. In a

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to report on the defence of the colony, in case of war. Boyle's report recommended leaving strategic defence in the hands of the Imperial Navy, though South Australia was to purchase a 400-ton naval vessel. Local defence was to be largely handled by the existing small Imperial garrison and local

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The fort remained as headquarters of South Australia's permanent military force until the 1890s and as late as 1895 there were still plans to upgrade the 64-pounder armament, though without result. By 1901 the fort was manned on a caretaker basis only and no permanent forces were stationed. The

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At Federation in 1901 South Australia's defences became a federal responsibility. Though both infantry and artillery units were housed at the site on occasion, by 1903 there was no longer a permanent military presence at the fort. For most of the 20th century the site was neglected and largely

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had been imported for use in small boats. This use was rejected by military authorities and the guns sat unused. In 1895 the South Australian Defence Committee proposed that the guns be mounted at Fort Glanville, replacing the 64-pounders whose siege carriages were then unfit for service. This

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Construction began in 1878 and though completed by 1882 the fort was operational in 1880. Changes were made to the design during construction. Some forced by armament changes and others made to ensure additional security, including a rear-defence wall and connecting road from Military Road. By

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4.14 million in 2005) was provided by the government for defence, an amount then seen as insufficient for significant preparation. The danger passed without any lasting defence action except the government's in-principle adoption of Sir Wiseman's recommendations. To curtail costs only the

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visited and inspected the site, and newly constructed visitor centre, for almost an hour on 13 March 1986. For the visit the historical association demonstrated firing of both the 64 and 2 pounder cannons. The visitor centre was officially opened one month after this visit. Governor Dame

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Fort Glanville Conservation Park is one of South Australia's most important heritage sites. It is the premier site in the state, and possibly Australia, for showcasing colonial era defences and fortifications. The fort is listed on both the South Australian Heritage Register, the former

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and defensibility the tunnel was built with a dogleg. The caponier has rifle firing ports and was originally protected from direct artillery fire by the glacis. Early plans showed the caponier extending from the fort's south west, and a tunnel linking the magazine and southern guns.

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over-bank carriages. The lower carriage sections are the type made for the guns when used as field pieces and the upper sections are brackets that raise the guns to the over-bank firing position. In this particular configuration the two guns are thought to be the last in the world.

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facing the manning parade was enclosed with wooden shutters to keep the weather out. These shutters were removed during 20th-century restoration work and the verandah returned to original condition. The roof was at first flat timber overlaid by 12 inches (30 cm) of lime

214:. The fort was built after more than 40 years of indecision over the defence of South Australia. It was the first colonial fortification in the state and is the best preserved and most functional in Australia. Fort Glanville was designed by Governor Major General Sir 862:

via a hoist system from the magazine below. Either side of the gallery was installed the Armstrong mechanical loading systems for the 10" guns. These mechanical systems proved unsuccessful and were removed in the 1890s, though the southern one has been reconstructed. The

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platforms set into the structure for gun commanders to spot the fall of outgoing shells. Ranging was either performed from here or from a ranging position set in the sand hills to the fort's north. Between the 10" guns is a T-shaped loading gallery that draws shells and

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and the National Trust's classified list. It is considered significant, in national historical military terms, for its association with Jervois and Scratchley, both leading British defence experts who influenced Australian defence thinking in the late 19th century.

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on 25 May 1972. Up to then there had been growing awareness of the significance of the site in terms of the state's colonial heritage. Control of the park was moved to the National Parks and Wildlife Service (NPWS), and the fort and surrounds became designated as

1037:. The platforms and traverses were scrapped in 1937 but the gun barrels were uneconomic to cut up and were left in place. One gun platform and its equipment was rebuilt in 1997 using money raised by Fort Glanville Historical Association volunteers working at the 327:

raised the first military force in 1840, composed solely of volunteers and known as the South Australian Volunteer Militia Brigade. It was granted the "Royal" title in 1841 but the brigade had all but ceased to exist a year later. The colony obtained its first

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and external defence as an Imperial responsibility. Communication lines were long and the empire's wars remote. Great Britain had undisputed military predominance and she was expected by all to protect her colonies, even one as distant. For local defence,

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gun on a stepped wooden carriage was purchased in 1878. Manufactured by the Royal Arsenal in 1806, it was the familiar "ships cannon" and came to South Australia with two other identical guns. By 1902 no ammunition was held for it and it was listed as

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When the Crimean War ended in 1856, the danger passed and the perceived need for expensive defence preparations with it. For many years nothing substantive came about from debate on defence of the colony. Over time there formed a consensus favouring

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committee is appointed by the Minister for Environment and Planning and acts to advise the Minister and liaise with the community. As of 1988, the fort hosted approximately 7,000 visitors annually, and is used as an event venue including the annual

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Grants Program provided funds in 1975 for conservation work; NPWS began this work in the same year and the caravan park boundary was moved southwards. Though the site had long been neglected, there was minimal permanent damage to its structure.

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in 1857 and were used for practice shoots near the fort c.1860; one is known to have been on the manning parade in 1890 though its use is unknown. They later became saluting guns at Fort Largs, moving by 1919 to near the Jervois Wing of the

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tower (built 1875). Semaphore remained of great maritime significance for the state until the 1880s. When the decision was made to build the fort, in 1878, the state's population had reached approximately 250,000. Settlement extended beyond

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in the 1890s to solve drainage problems. Around the seaward side of the manning parade runs the terreplein. It is a raised crescent shaped level on which the guns platforms sit, and is ascended from the manning parade by ramps and stairs.

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Gun emplacements were made, about a mile apart south of the fort, for six 16-pounder field guns to provide close defence in case of an attempted beach landing. From 1890 the fort was equipped with moveable armament. It received an 1867

1425:. The association's goal is to have the site open as a fully operational fort for interpretation, tourism and education. The volunteers are involved with recreation, living history and ceremonial work outside the fort. They act as 789:

and construction of the caravan park, both after World War II. The western glacis is changed, but still visible, and the northern glacis was recreated in 1993—showcasing the purpose of the glacis and the function of the caponier.

658:, with one non-commissioned officer and 11 gunners stationed as of November 1914. Military reports and orders show the fort manned to at least mid-1918, though at this point it is doubtful if the guns were fit to engage targets. 1449:

displays, including the barracks laid out and furnished in period detail. The visitor centre has displays showing the development of South Australia's colonial defence from 1836 and artifacts found on site during restorations.

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Semaphore fort was to be built initially, as it was considered the most critical. Site preparation begun and two 9-inch (230 mm) guns were purchased, but escalating cost estimates caused the plan to be abandoned by 1868.

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only Australian colonial fort to still have all of its original armament, and the only to have a regular living history program. Its companion Fort Largs survives, but in greatly modified condition, converted for use as the

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scuttled plans for the third coastal fort. As early as 1888 the emphasis for defence of the Adelaide coast had already shifted to Fort Largs; a fact cited as part of the reason for abandonment of the Glenelg fortifications.

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After numerous proposals the sand hills rear and north of the fort were removed in 1882, improving the fort's land defence and allowing the 64-pounder guns to sweep the Semaphore jetty. This now levelled area was used as a

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fort is presented in close to original condition. It is the most complete 19th Century fort in Australia, and one of very few in the world that remains in original condition. Connecting the fort to Semaphore jetty is the

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By the end of their active use in 1902 together they had fired 1540 rounds in practice, though not all at full power as they are recorded as firing under 300 effective full charges. By then the wheels were significantly

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The caponier (rifle gallery) extends into the ditch between the rampart and glacis from the fort's north west corner. It is connected to the fort via a tunnel, running under the rampart from the manning parade. For

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was added to the fort's flagpole's base. Shortly after this firing the Fort Glanville Historical Association was formed, and was incorporated in 1981. Fort Glanville was opened for public visitation in 1981.

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When first conceived, it was known as the Semaphore Battery, later changed to South Battery and then Fort Glanville by the opening ceremony. The name Glanville came from nearby Glanville Hall, residence of

826:, office, shed and gunner's store were also erected north of the fort. The gunner's shed was damaged by fire in 1895 and replaced further eastward. These buildings did not survive into the 21st century. 725:

grant. In the 19th century, the muster ground was used for training of the Volunteer Military Force including artillery, who camped on the site. As designed the fort's rear was protected with a wooden

709:(embankment) have been modified and are largely non-existent in some areas. Ground levels have been changed to accommodate paths and a caravan park, and the original western fence no longer exists. 261:(DEW), preserving and showcasing its historic value. The fort and surrounds occupy the northern half of the 5-hectare (12-acre) conservation park, the southern half is a caravan park. The fort is a 612:

For the eighteen months after its opening, the fort was manned by B company of the South Australian Volunteer Artillery but only on weekends. This changed in mid-1882 when South Australia's first

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muster ground outside the fort and the fort's barracks building was used as a manager's residence. The caravan park has had various managers since establishment: Until 1981 it was managed by the

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Access to the fort is via double gates at the fort's rear, one each through the stockade and the rear defence wall. Both gates were removed or destroyed over time and the 21st century gates are

3868: 3703: 697:. The guns' primary role was to defend Port Adelaide and the Semaphore anchorage rather than the fort itself, and the design reflects this. It was intended to be supported by field artillery, 1233:

Federal Government assumed responsibility for South Australian defence in 1903 and took over the fort. Though Glanville by then had no significant defence role, the state received £14,739 in

1146:. The 12-pounder had fired 222 effective full charges by 1902; at which time both weapons were obsolete and their eventual fate is unknown. A 32-pounder 56 long cwt (2,800 kg) 241:

surpassed it for strategic importance in 1890. By the close of the 19th century, the fort was largely unused and had no defence significance. It was briefly used for military purposes during

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and officer's kitchen. The canteen sold everyday necessities as well as a few items like biscuits, sweets and tobacco to the stationed troops. Profits from the canteen were used to fund

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artillery. For the time covered by the book, strength varied from 56 to 108 men of all ranks. Two figures who served at the fort are remembered for their impact outside its operation:

409: 347:, along with Australia-wide moves towards self-government caused a reassessment of the colony's defence posture. The various colonies regarded themselves as possible targets for the 4053: 3733: 3648: 4058: 3843: 3523: 1026:

that the fort was expected to face. The carriages weighed 13 long tons (13 t) and moved on semi-circular traverses. The guns were loaded either manually—using the Woolwich (

3823: 4213: 4208: 3628: 3533: 4088: 3178: 672:(1856–1929), the fort's first commander and later military commandant for South Australia. Gordon retired in 1914 as Chief of the General Staff, Australian Military Forces. 2895: 1193: 1225:

which outranged Glanville's armament. The decline was also linked to changes in Port Adelaide's maritime facilities and the consequent northward movement of anchored and

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wall was added, greatly strengthening defence. Most of the stockade was reconstructed in the 1970s; some of the original wooden structure is visible in the fort's north.

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Scratchley offered to design the battery. The offer was accepted by Cabinet in January 1878, and he was primarily responsible for the design of both Fort Glanville and

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Construction of the fort began in 1878. It was officially opened in October 1880 and completed by 1882. Due to changes in the Port River and shipping movements,

4695: 1408:. It covers approximately 5 hectares (12 acres) and is bounded by Bower and Military roads, the Point Malcolm Reserve and Semaphore beach. The land is entirely 3055: 258: 163: 1325: 1602: 1229:

vessels. During the 1880s the Port River was deepened enabling large ships to sail up and berth, rather than the former practice of anchoring off-shore.

4861: 277:, both rare in their particular configuration. The fort retains its original 19th century cannons, and three have been restored to working condition. 2965: 1018:

They fire 400-pound (181 kg) projectiles using a 130-pound (59 kg) gunpowder cartridge. Though they were insufficient against contemporary

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is built into the rear wall, on the forts southern side. This room is set into the end of the rampart and was used to prepare gunpowder charges. A

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On either side of the terreplein, wide of the 64-pound guns, are two small rooms known as the expense stores. They were used for ready-to-use

4768: 4748: 4313: 3020: 2498:"Fort Glanville, 349 Military Rd, Semaphore Park, SA, Australia – listing on the now-defunct Register of the National Estate (Place ID 6314)" 637:, the unit itself never saw action. Fort Glanville's section was called out in 1890, marching to assist the police with a waterside worker's 249:, though not for its original defensive role. For much of the 20th century the area was put to a variety of uses including accommodation, a 4763: 4680: 3070: 1320:. The fort was also used as a residence again, with at least two families reported as living in the under-ground sections during the war. 892:

16 pounder being loaded in front of the guardhouse and rear defensive wall. Note the archways formerly used to store 64-pounder ammunition

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From this point Fort Glanville's significance declined rapidly. Fort Largs was equipped in 1889 with two 6 inch breech-loading

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in 1988. The History Trust has loaned them to Fort Glanville for display. Outside the visitor's centre is a 6 in (200 mm)

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Battery Sergeant Major Charles Moritz, who initially joined the volunteer artillery and was the Permanent Artillery's first recruit.

4773: 4612: 4188: 2258: 420:. Sir Wiseman's report particularly recommended construction of forts at Semaphore, Port Creek's entrance and one midway between. 1155:. The gun was probably destroyed in the 1930s—certainly by the end of the 1940s— with pieces of such a gun found on site in 1983. 302: 4728: 4718: 3928: 3050: 1250:

it was partly revived for a former use, with ammunition stored on site. During the same period however the military used it as a

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Both types of heavy guns used where the only ones of their specific series and type to come to Australia. Though they were never

4753: 4113: 4108: 3233: 2595: 1473: 651: 290: 4815: 4778: 4660: 4243: 4128: 3708: 654:(RAA) was formed and what had been the Permanent Artillery became No.10 company RAA. The fort was manned to an extent during 1348:

During the 1970s reconstruction, much of the stockade was replaced. The replaced timbers are visibly different as they have

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The fort's main armament were the two RML 10 inch 20 ton guns—Numbers 3470 and 3472. They were manufactured in 1879 by

805:. It was formerly used for drill training, assembly and formal parades. First gravelled when constructed, it was paved with 477:, a noted coastal fortification expert, be appointed to advise on defence needs. He arrived in Sydney in mid-1877 with then 257:

campsite. After coming into state government hands in 1951 it was declared as a conservation park and is now managed by the

4894: 4810: 4758: 4574: 4328: 3010: 1365:, the South Australia Jubilee 150 board granted $ 250,000 for work on the fort, allowing construction of a visitor centre. 1331:

A significant change in the fort's conservation and preservation outlook was its declaration as a Historic Relic under the

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The entrance road was constructed from Military Road to the fort's rear gates. Its path is largely followed by the modern

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which were stored in the rear-defence wall's archways. Between the 64-pounders and the 10" gun positions are two raised

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and filled in the 1950s for this use. What remains of this ground, north of the caravan park, was returned to its 1880s

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recommended establishment of a permanent military force. In 1876 the South Australian government, along with those from

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was the main port for South Australia, with over 1,000 ships visiting each year, and a local population of over 2,500.

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Commemoration of the reconstruction of carriage no 1800 for Armstrong 10" 20 ton rifled muzzle loading cannon no 3470

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built in 1860, was the state's main entry point for passengers and mail. It had a signal station (built 1872) and a

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In 1864, a story circulated, supported by press speculation, that there was a danger of the Russian fleet attacking

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for fixed defences or fortification; a strategy also argued by the government established Hart Commission in 1858.

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Converted to Australian Dollars at $ 1=£0.4112 from Australian Reserve Bank published spot rate for January 2005

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Converted to Australian Dollars at $ 1=£0.4112 from Australian Reserve Bank published spot rate for January 2005

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By 1902 the guns had together fired 219 rounds, though not all at full charge with the records showing only 125

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shaped defensible battery that was supported by land forces for self-defence. When constructed it was seen as

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Currency converted using relative rate of 80.56383 between January 1882 and 2005 for the Pound sterling from:

1509:

Currency converted using relative rate of 85.08989 between January 1864 and 2005 for the Pound sterling from:

1490: 850: 794: 529: 4665: 4635: 4630: 4413: 4388: 4228: 4158: 4138: 4033: 4018: 3963: 3943: 3903: 3883: 3808: 3778: 3693: 3593: 3498: 3483: 3383: 3293: 3238: 3228: 3208: 3203: 3193: 3188: 2955: 2502: 2471: 2387:"ABORIGINAL AND HISTORIC RELICS PRESERVATION ACT, 1965: HUNDRED OF PORT ADELAIDE—HISTORIC RESERVE DECLARED" 489: 348: 321: 95: 2828: 4899: 4675: 4670: 4602: 4597: 4587: 4559: 4539: 4504: 4456: 4393: 4368: 4358: 4348: 4323: 4318: 4293: 4253: 4248: 4048: 3953: 3803: 3718: 3663: 3613: 3328: 3168: 3158: 3148: 2995: 2970: 1453: 586: 222:, both important figures in early Australian colonial defence. When built it was designed to defend both 2569: 1397:

academy. The fort retains its original armament, armament that is both rare in Australia and worldwide.

1328:(NPWS), by Woodville Council until 1986 and subsequently by a private operator under a long-term lease. 1180:

saved them from a 1941 wartime scrap drive and mounted them on reproduction naval carriages in front of

512:, which provided for the raising of a permanent military force and reserve. Two volunteer reserve rifle 4929: 4592: 4481: 4423: 4398: 4223: 4153: 3993: 3983: 3973: 3958: 3878: 3818: 3608: 3528: 3468: 3458: 3413: 3408: 3353: 3318: 3288: 3283: 3198: 3173: 3078: 3025: 3000: 1430: 1317: 1298:

the fort again attracted military related use. During 1944 the Proof and Experimental Establishment at

1181: 493: 485: 369: 312: 306: 223: 4794: 4690: 4582: 4534: 4519: 4408: 4378: 4373: 4333: 4218: 4178: 4168: 3978: 3918: 3893: 3793: 3773: 3763: 3723: 3683: 3673: 3658: 3653: 3618: 3563: 3423: 3398: 3308: 3268: 3163: 3128: 3123: 1434: 1291: 1197: 1196:(CSIRO) brought it to the state in 1966 for research, subsequently moving it to Perry Engineering at 1058: 630: 429: 274: 44: 2804: 1547: 1519: 1192:

80 long cwt (4,100 kg) gun (No.4242) that was made in 1884 and used in Victoria. The

4476: 4441: 4343: 4263: 4163: 4123: 4118: 4083: 4073: 4003: 3728: 3713: 3668: 3623: 3583: 3538: 3443: 3378: 3343: 3333: 3313: 3138: 3118: 3113: 3098: 2990: 2960: 2940: 2684: 1251: 888: 701:

and infantry for self-defence and to repel landings. While the fort retains its original form, the

622: 566: 561: 389: 1002:

10 inch 20 ton RML gun on a reconstructed carriage. Barbette protected loading system to the right

4564: 4446: 4418: 4143: 3888: 3698: 3578: 3478: 3463: 3035: 2386: 961:. A store and ablution block were also built in 1885 between the stockade and rear defence wall. 722: 643: 513: 497: 2867: 1476:. The railway opened in December 1992 and, as of 2002, carried over 16,000 passengers annually. 4820: 4466: 4461: 3513: 1394: 1210: 1139: 693:, rather than a defensive strongpoint. The faces of the fort join to form a half-moon shape or 413: 380:

but instead were expected to stand off Semaphore, shell the port and use their guns to support

1421:

fort's weapons. The association maintain static displays of the fort's active period and sell

928:

for the garrison. The No.1 ancillary store was used for various pieces of delicate equipment,

4486: 4451: 3060: 3005: 2945: 2935: 2930: 2507: 1414: 1306: 1189: 1038: 978: 718: 702: 360: 2844: 1309: 1294:. They stayed at the fort for a week in 1938, before repatriation could be arranged. During 1282:

an unusual turn of events, the fort briefly housed refugees. Twenty-nine islanders from the

4471: 2925: 1565:

Army troops were garrisoned at Fort Glanville during 1902, and garrison artillery in 1903.

1354: 1226: 1110: 1062: 974: 876: 864: 781:

or the stockade's sides. The outer face is a gentle slope and is designed to be covered by

532:, though Adelaide remained the dominant feature in the economy partly due to the layout of 462: 270: 8: 2361: 1214: 1135: 1049: 1007: 867:

is accessed from the manning parade and is directly beneath the 10" gun loading gallery.

669: 605: 38: 2262: 1065:

heavy guns weighing 64 long hundredweight (3,300 kg) with a 6.3-inch (160 mm)

1438: 1366: 854: 713: 478: 2746: 2636:

Brook, Lt Colonel David N (1986). "Field Artillery 1840–1900". In Brook, David (ed.).

785:

fired from the fort's 64-pounder guns. The southern glacis section was removed during

761:

with 1.5 m (5 ft) of concrete and 0.6 m (2 ft) of brick forming a

2873: 2763: 2724: 2693: 2669: 2641: 1405: 929: 819: 690: 626: 582: 438: 405: 381: 1094:

had become unserviceable. Less wheels, the guns were removed from the fort in 1909;

969:

Early plans for the fort's armament were drawn up by Harding Stewart of the British

754: 681: 1259: 1222: 1095: 925: 574: 454: 395:

The volunteer military force was revived in 1859, with new and modern arms for the

266: 219: 2664:

Hastings, Major Brian (1986). "Coast Artillery 1854–1962". In Brook, David (ed.).

1246:

vacated. It did attract some usage though not always of a military nature. During

801:

ground or manning parade lies between the rear walls and barracks, and the raised

3748: 2832: 2753:. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. pp. 355–356. 1266:

ammunition. From June 1931 until the beginning of World War II the site housed a

871:

and hoists originally installed have been removed but their remains are visible.

815: 798: 634: 474: 458: 373: 215: 191: 29: 2406:

The site of Fort Glanville situate on part section 415, hundred of Port Adelaide

621:

1892 and was by then known as the Permanent Artillery. The unit trained 27 more

1446: 1426: 1143: 1106: 1099: 901: 762: 758: 505: 434: 385: 340: 316: 187: 2359:"Family lives in underground home at Fort Glanville during second World War". 998: 4925:

South Australian places listed on the defunct Register of the National Estate

4883: 2806:

Citizens and Soldiers: The Defence of South Australia 1836–1901 (M.A. Thesis)

2659:. Semaphore Park, South Australia: The Fort Glanville historical association. 1371: 1184:

in 1962. The gallery took them back in late 1977 and transferred them to the

1070: 1023: 987: 868: 741: 638: 613: 537: 470: 324: 117: 104: 2837: 2654: 1158: 952:

was built at the manning parade's southern end in 1885. It is now used as a

834: 508:

and that a gun boat be provided. In November 1878 the government passed the

1575: 1295: 1168: 774: 617: 451: 250: 246: 211: 2713: 601: 2616:

Wood, Peter (20 December 2003). "A train ride away from war and famine".

1469: 1362: 1349: 1247: 1114: 786: 655: 590: 356: 344: 286: 242: 2838:

Fort Glanville Conservation Park webpage on the Protected Planet website

973:. They called for four 9 in (230 mm) 12 long tons (12 t) 433:

produced an editorial decrying the states lack of defences. Within days

416:. They both recommended fixed fortifications for the coast supported by 1409: 1303: 1263: 1147: 1019: 970: 949: 945: 846: 802: 746: 557: 501: 466: 377: 238: 227: 269:, incorporating powerful and modern weapons. Its main armament is two 2798:. West Lakes, South Australia: Fort Glanville Historical Association. 2793: 2784: 2591: 1271: 1267: 937: 917: 859: 782: 524: 424: 333: 329: 254: 2789:. Semaphore, South Australia: Fort Glanville Historical Association. 904:

closed on the inside and were locked with wooden beams. In 1885 the

2825: 1422: 1283: 1262:. During the 1930s the magazine was again used, this time to store 1074: 1011: 910: 905: 900:

consists of two levels, with rifle firing holes on all sides. Iron

897: 839: 778: 770: 726: 647: 396: 199: 1442: 1255: 1234: 1113:

which would have limited the accuracy of the mark III depression

1087: 1066: 1027: 958: 730: 698: 694: 447: 417: 400: 352: 262: 1069:

steel barrel. They were made to the model's 1867 pattern by the

1313: 953: 921: 823: 757:

lunette shaped earthwork. It has a 15-metre (49 ft) thick

706: 685:

The entrance to Fort Glanville, via the Queen Elizabeth II walk

550: 2686:

Royal Regiment of Australian artillery, Customs and Traditions

364:

colonial force, supported by the artillery obtained in 1847.

2921:

Adelaide International Bird Sanctuary–Winaityinaityi Pangkara

1078: 520: 404:

1864 the government had sought advice from Captain Parkin of

231: 2714:

National Parks and Wildlife Service (NPWS) (November 1988).

2668:. Adelaide: Royal Artillery Association of South Australia. 2666:

Roundshot to Rapier (Artillery in South Australia 1840–1984)

2640:. Adelaide: Royal Artillery Association of South Australia. 2638:

Roundshot to Rapier (Artillery in South Australia 1840–1984)

1578:

military cadets for at least the period June 1913—May 1918.

1194:

Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation

981:

and two behind vertical iron shields. This configuration of

516:

were formed in 1878 and a permanent artillery unit in 1882.

1287: 766: 412:

commander of the Australian station; both visiting British

203: 536:. At this point Adelaide had a population of over 30,000. 303:

Colonial forces of Australia § South Australia (1836)

1270:

detachment, and was used as a district camp-site for the

941:

purposes it is outfitted as for similar period barracks.

806: 2760:

Southern Passages, A Maritime History of South Australia

64: 1353:

the 64-pounders was fired again; later a commemoration

1209:

not proceeded with. South Australia was experiencing a

2903: 2826:

Fort Glanville Historical Association official website

2572:. Department for Environment and Heritage. 5 June 2008 1433:

functions and attended the restoration opening of the

427:

should Russia and Britain find themselves at war. The

289:

passenger steam train operated by volunteers from the

2655:

Fort Glanville historical association (FGHA) (2000).

1918:. Department for transport, energy and infrastructure 1829:"Chief of Railways- Mr A.B. Moncrieff's retirement". 1333:

Aboriginal and Historic Relics Preservation Act 1965

376:were seen as unlikely to force the shallows of the 2472:"Fort Glanville, Fort Glanville Conservation Park" 1213:in 1886 and that coupled with a report by General 2821:Fort Glanville Conservation Park official webpage 2344:"Strange Sequel to cruise of Maldive Islanders". 1938:"Fort Glanville Conservation Park (pdf brochure)" 1913: 1603:"Protected Areas Information System Reserve List" 1375:park was returned to its original level in 1993. 1200:. In 1984 the CSIRO donated the gun to the park. 565:Fort Glanville awarded in August to John Robb of 273:(RML) 10 inch 20 ton guns, backed up by two 4935:Former military installations in South Australia 4881: 2717:Fort Glanville Conservation Park Management Plan 1546:. House of Commons Library. 2005. Archived from 1518:. House of Commons Library. 2005. Archived from 1057:In the flank barbettes are mounted two mark III 608:was the fort's first commander. Pictured in 1921 2442:"Canons to right of 'em Fort roars into life". 2215: 2213: 2211: 2209: 2207: 2205: 2203: 2032: 2030: 2028: 2026: 2016: 2014: 1891: 1889: 1887: 1885: 2794:Fort Glanville Historical Association (2002). 2785:Fort Glanville Historical Association (1997). 2592:"Semaphore and Fort Glanville Tourist Railway" 2537: 2535: 2533: 2314:"Cadets in custody, Taken to Fort Glanville". 2193: 2191: 2189: 2187: 2185: 2183: 2181: 2179: 2169: 2167: 2165: 2163: 2117: 2115: 1722: 1720: 1718: 1464:Connecting the fort to Semaphore jetty is the 749:, gun emplacements and the rear of the rampart 589:. Hart had named the house after his mother's 315:, the colonists saw themselves as part of the 43:A firing demonstration with one of the fort's 2966:Glenthorne National Park–Ityamaiitpinna Yarta 2889: 2244: 2242: 2240: 2238: 2236: 2234: 2153: 2151: 2149: 2147: 2145: 2105: 2103: 2084: 2082: 2080: 2078: 2050: 2048: 2046: 2044: 2042: 2004: 2002: 2000: 1998: 1996: 1994: 1992: 1990: 1988: 1978: 1976: 1974: 1972: 1962: 1960: 1958: 1860: 1858: 1856: 1854: 1852: 1842: 1840: 1768: 1766: 1764: 1762: 1752: 1750: 1748: 1746: 1736: 1734: 1732: 1699: 1697: 1695: 1608:. Government of South Australia. 9 March 2018 1597: 1595: 1541:"Inflation: the value of the pound 1750–2005" 1513:"Inflation: the value of the pound 1750–2005" 343:in the 1850s, as starkly demonstrated by the 2762:. Netley, South Australia: Wakefield Press. 2555: 2553: 2457: 2455: 2453: 2200: 2023: 2011: 1882: 1815: 1813: 1811: 1809: 1807: 1805: 1784: 1685: 1683: 1664: 1662: 1660: 1658: 1639: 1637: 1635: 1472:steam train operated by volunteers from the 1466:Semaphore and Fort Glanville Tourist Railway 1459:Semaphore and Fort Glanville Tourist Railway 1010:and originally used the Armstrong protected 283:Semaphore and Fort Glanville Tourist Railway 2802: 2796:Fort Glanville, South Australia 1980 – 2002 2744: 2723:. Department for Environment and Planning. 2530: 2396:. South Australian Government. p. 2031 2176: 2160: 2133: 2124: 2112: 1874:"Our Defences, Opening of Fort Glanville". 1715: 633:. Though some of the gunners served in the 2896: 2882: 2842: 2657:A Guide to Fort Glanville, South Australia 2378: 2369: 2231: 2142: 2100: 2091: 2075: 2057: 2039: 1985: 1969: 1955: 1849: 1837: 1759: 1743: 1729: 1692: 1592: 1400:The conservation park is in the suburb of 1109:, the battery is only 40 feet (12 m) 384:. The Hart Report recommended building of 37: 4862:Marine protected areas of South Australia 2550: 2450: 2222: 1943:. Department for Environment and Heritage 1802: 1680: 1655: 1632: 1437:fort, and the annual re-enactment of the 916:The basement contains the gunner's mess, 569:for the sum of £15,893 12s 7d. 2663: 2546:. News Limited. 14 May 2004. p. 41. 1625: 1623: 1452: 1157: 1138:12-pounder RML field gun and a 5-barrel 1048: 997: 887: 833: 740: 680: 600: 202:consisting of a functional 19th century 2757: 2749:. In Melbourne University Press (ed.). 2418:"Fort Glanville now historic reserve". 2394:The South Australian Government Gazette 2261:. City of Charles Sturt. Archived from 1203: 1125:Prior to 1895 two 6-inch (200 mm) 4882: 2682: 1378: 1254:barracks. Some or all of the fort was 1044: 296: 4915:Military and war museums in Australia 4890:Conservation parks of South Australia 3056:Wapma Thura–Southern Flinders Ranges 2877: 2635: 2542:"Loyal troops up in arms over cuts". 1620: 1258:for private accommodation during the 1053:64-pounder gun on its firing platform 1022:, they were seen as adequate for the 822:for the colony's volunteer troops. A 689:The fort is designed as a defensible 2615: 2464: 2384: 1162:2-pounder RML Whitworth mountain gun 259:Department for Environment and Water 226:anchorage and shipping entering the 164:Department for Environment and Water 4867:List of protected areas in Adelaide 2853:Australian Broadcasting Corporation 2692:. Canberra: Department of Defence. 2496: 2490: 1574:The fort was used for detention of 1486:List of protected areas in Adelaide 1326:National Parks and Wildlife Service 1098:then set them in Brougham Gardens, 993: 469:requested from the War Office that 190:located in the Australian state of 13: 4920:South Australian Heritage Register 2905:Protected areas of South Australia 2866:An article in Weekend Notes about 2845:"Cannons in the sand at Semaphore" 2778: 2751:Australian Dictionary of Biography 2570:"Fort Glanville Conservation Park" 2476:South Australian Heritage Register 849:for the adjacent guns, except for 753:The main defensive structure is a 446:report to the government in 1866, 210:and some adjoining land used as a 208:South Australian Heritage Register 14: 4946: 2843:Williamson, Brett (26 May 2011). 2814: 1120: 829: 625:and men who were sent to man the 519:At this time Semaphore, with its 492:, called for three batteries, at 339:Tensions between Britain and the 18:Protected area in South Australia 4905:1951 establishments in Australia 1338:Fort Glanville Conservation Park 1286:were rescued from their sinking 1186:History Trust of South Australia 1174:State Library of South Australia 1061:, numbers 462 and 463. They are 736: 616:was formed. The fort became the 332:in 1847 with the arrival of six 184:Fort Glanville Conservation Park 175:Fort Glanville Conservation Park 71:Fort Glanville Conservation Park 63: 56: 25:Fort Glanville Conservation Park 2628: 2609: 2584: 2562: 2521: 2478:. Government of South Australia 2435: 2426: 2411: 2352: 2337: 2322: 2307: 2292: 2277: 2251: 2066: 1930: 1907: 1898: 1867: 1822: 1793: 1775: 1568: 1559: 1531: 1503: 1468:, a 457 mm (18.0 in) 1386:Register of the National Estate 1312:manufactured at General Motors 1240: 773:. The side facing the fort—the 285:, a 457 mm (18.0 in) 89:Semaphore Park, South Australia 2299:"Under canvass at the forts". 1706: 1671: 1646: 1178:Art Gallery of South Australia 838:The internal structure of the 1: 2976:Great Australian Bight Marine 1585: 1491:District Council of Glanville 1361:As part of South Australia's 543: 359:appointed a commission under 4696:Former conservation reserves 2683:Jobson, Christopher (1997). 2503:Australian Heritage Database 2121:Hastings (1986), pp.178–179. 1015:2,000 yards (1,800 m). 883: 676: 596: 488:, delivered after he became 7: 4895:Protected areas in Adelaide 4706:Wilderness Protection Areas 4314:Wabma Kadarbu Mound Springs 3021:Munga-Thirri–Simpson Desert 2620:. News Limited. p. 22. 2348:. 29 March 1938. p. 2. 2303:. 11 April 1903. p. 8. 1904:O'Neill (1972), pp.355–356. 1479: 1404:at the southern end of the 977:(RML) guns, two mounted in 964: 10: 4951: 4910:Museums in South Australia 2385:King, L.J. (25 May 1972). 2333:. 13 May 1918. p. 10. 2288:. 1 April 1902. p. 8. 1914:Placenames Online (2000). 1833:. 26 June 1916. p. 6. 1059:RML 64 pounder 64 cwt guns 652:Royal Australian Artillery 587:Premier of South Australia 560:. The plans were drawn by 504:station be established on 307:Jervois-Scratchley reports 300: 275:RML 64 pounder 64 cwt guns 45:RML 64 pounder 64 cwt guns 4854: 4803: 4795:Arkaroola Protection Area 4787: 4704: 4611: 4573: 4495: 4432: 3069: 3051:Vulkathunha-Gammon Ranges 2911: 2803:Zwillenberg, H.J (1970). 2318:. 3 June 1913. p. 7. 1435:Albany, Western Australia 920:, No. 1 ancillary store, 631:Albany, Western Australia 623:non-commissioned officers 490:South Australian Governor 430:South Australian Register 169: 157: 149: 141: 133: 94: 82: 51: 36: 23: 2758:Parsons, Ronald (1986). 2747:"Hart, John (1809–1873)" 1916:"Supporting Information" 1496: 1302:made use of the site to 1190:breech-loading Armstrong 1008:WG Armstrong and Company 936:and rockets. In 1887 an 614:permanent military force 567:Kapunda, South Australia 562:Alexander Bain Moncrieff 313:colonial South Australia 118:34.850972°S 138.477194°E 4681:Pinkawillinie Reservoir 4339:Wanilla Land Settlement 2745:O'Neill, Sally (1972). 2596:National Railway Museum 2544:The Adelaide Advertiser 2219:Hastings (1986), p.184. 2036:Hastings (1986), p.182. 2020:Hastings (1986), p.180. 1895:Hastings (1986), p.179. 1790:Hastings (1986), p.178. 1474:National Railway Museum 1096:Adelaide's city council 729:or stockade. In 1881 a 644:federation of Australia 502:electro-contact torpedo 291:National Railway Museum 218:and Lieutenant Colonel 4804:Former protected areas 4189:Sir Joseph Banks Group 2809:. Adelaide University. 2072:Parsons (1986), p.240. 1461: 1417:citizenship ceremony. 1395:South Australia Police 1163: 1054: 1035:effective full charges 1003: 893: 851:armour piercing shells 842: 750: 686: 609: 311:In the early years of 198:, a seaside suburb of 123:-34.850972; 138.477194 4788:Other protected areas 4613:Conservation reserves 3929:Nicolas Baudin Island 2986:Kati Thanda-Lake Eyre 2981:Ikara-Flinders Ranges 2951:Dhilba Guuranda-Innes 2508:Australian Government 2329:"Cadets Prosecuted". 1876:The Adelaide Observer 1456: 1415:City of Charles Sturt 1307:ordnance QF 6 pounder 1279:Department of Defence 1161: 1063:rifled muzzle-loading 1052: 1039:Australian Grand Prix 1001: 975:rifled muzzle-loading 891: 837: 744: 684: 604: 361:Boyle Travers Finniss 349:Russian Pacific Fleet 271:rifled muzzle-loading 4114:Rocky Island (South) 4109:Rocky Island (North) 3234:Calpatanna Waterhole 2831:8 April 2013 at the 1712:Jobson (1997), p.14. 1290:by a ship bound for 1204:Defence significance 1153:for instruction only 1111:above mean sea level 721:in 1993 funded by a 355:. In 1854, Governor 159:Managing authorities 153:7,000 (in 1988) 145:5 ha (12 acres) 84:Nearest town or city 4816:Isles of St Francis 4244:The Dutchmans Stern 4129:Salt Lagoon Islands 3869:Mowantjie Willauwar 3709:Maize Island Lagoon 3704:Lower Glenelg River 2849:ABC Adelaide online 1799:NPWS (1988), p.III. 1677:Brook (1986), p.30. 1652:Brook (1986), p.29. 1379:Park and fort today 1215:James Bevan Edwards 1140:0.45" Martini-henry 1127:breech-loading guns 1045:64 pounder RML guns 670:Joseph Maria Gordon 606:Joseph Maria Gordon 585:(1809–1873) thrice 510:Military Forces Act 410:Sir William Wiseman 297:Historic background 114: / 4900:Forts in Australia 4811:Investigator Group 4769:Ravine des Casoars 4749:Investigator Group 4329:Waldegrave Islands 3071:Conservation parks 2527:NPWS (1988), p.15. 2444:Portside Messenger 2432:NPWS (1988), p.89. 2375:NPWS (1988), p.13. 2248:NPWS (1988), p.59. 2197:FGHA (2000), p.13. 2173:FGHA (2000), p.12. 2157:NPWS (1988), p.57. 2139:FGHA (2000), p.11. 2130:FGHA (2000), p.10. 2088:NPWS (1988), p.58. 2063:NPWS (1988), p.11. 1864:NPWS (1988), p.56. 1846:NPWS (1988), p.10. 1781:NPWS (1988), p.49. 1772:NPWS (1988), p.55. 1756:NPWS (1988), p.54. 1726:NPWS (1988), p.53. 1703:NPWS (1988), p.52. 1689:NPWS (1988), p.51. 1643:NPWS (1988), p.50. 1462: 1439:Battle of Waterloo 1367:Queen Elizabeth II 1164: 1092:ammunition limbers 1055: 1004: 926:sporting equipment 894: 843: 751: 723:Federal Government 714:Queen Elizabeth II 687: 610: 593:(Mary Glanville). 479:Lieutenant Colonel 336:of various types. 4930:Lefevre Peninsula 4875: 4874: 4764:Nuyts Archipelago 4575:Regional Reserves 4550:Onkaparinga River 4279:Troubridge Island 4009:Piccaninnie Ponds 3939:Nuyts Archipelago 3849:Mount Magnificent 3799:Monarto Woodlands 3639:Lake Hawdon South 3109:Baird Bay Islands 3104:Avoid Bay Islands 3046:Onkaparinga River 2559:NPWS (1988), p.1. 2461:NPWS (1988), p.3. 2446:. 8 October 1980. 2228:NPWS (1988), p.9. 2109:FGHA (2000), p.9. 2097:FGHA (2000), p.8. 2054:FGHA (2000), p.7. 2008:FGHA (2000), p.4. 1982:FGHA (2000), p.6. 1966:FGHA (2000), p.3. 1878:. 9 October 1880. 1819:NPWS (1988), p.7. 1740:FGHA (2000), p.2. 1668:FGHA (2000), p.5. 1629:NPWS (1988), p.14 1553:on 26 March 2009. 1525:on 26 March 2009. 1443:Kyneton, Victoria 1406:Lefevre Peninsula 1223:disappearing guns 1142:cartridge firing 627:King George Sound 388:at Semaphore and 181: 180: 4942: 4841:Scorpion Springs 4661:Hardings Springs 4510:Blackwood Forest 4497:Recreation parks 4234:Tantanoola Caves 3839:Mount Dutton Bay 3769:Middlecamp Hills 3604:Kenneth Stirling 3419:Ferries-McDonald 3324:Corrobinnie Hill 3094:Althorpe Islands 3041:Nilpena Ediacara 3031:Naracoorte Caves 3016:Mount Remarkable 3011:Malkumba-Coongie 2898: 2891: 2884: 2875: 2874: 2863: 2861: 2859: 2810: 2799: 2790: 2773: 2754: 2741: 2739: 2737: 2722: 2710: 2708: 2706: 2691: 2679: 2660: 2651: 2622: 2621: 2613: 2607: 2606: 2604: 2602: 2588: 2582: 2581: 2579: 2577: 2566: 2560: 2557: 2548: 2547: 2539: 2528: 2525: 2519: 2518: 2516: 2514: 2494: 2488: 2487: 2485: 2483: 2468: 2462: 2459: 2448: 2447: 2439: 2433: 2430: 2424: 2423: 2415: 2409: 2408: 2403: 2401: 2391: 2382: 2376: 2373: 2367: 2366: 2365:. 23 March 1949. 2356: 2350: 2349: 2341: 2335: 2334: 2326: 2320: 2319: 2311: 2305: 2304: 2296: 2290: 2289: 2284:"At the forts". 2281: 2275: 2274: 2272: 2270: 2259:"Fort Glanville" 2255: 2249: 2246: 2229: 2226: 2220: 2217: 2198: 2195: 2174: 2171: 2158: 2155: 2140: 2137: 2131: 2128: 2122: 2119: 2110: 2107: 2098: 2095: 2089: 2086: 2073: 2070: 2064: 2061: 2055: 2052: 2037: 2034: 2021: 2018: 2009: 2006: 1983: 1980: 1967: 1964: 1953: 1952: 1950: 1948: 1942: 1934: 1928: 1927: 1925: 1923: 1911: 1905: 1902: 1896: 1893: 1880: 1879: 1871: 1865: 1862: 1847: 1844: 1835: 1834: 1826: 1820: 1817: 1800: 1797: 1791: 1788: 1782: 1779: 1773: 1770: 1757: 1754: 1741: 1738: 1727: 1724: 1713: 1710: 1704: 1701: 1690: 1687: 1678: 1675: 1669: 1666: 1653: 1650: 1644: 1641: 1630: 1627: 1618: 1617: 1615: 1613: 1607: 1599: 1579: 1572: 1566: 1563: 1557: 1554: 1552: 1545: 1535: 1529: 1526: 1524: 1517: 1507: 1431:Government House 1427:guards of honour 1260:Great Depression 1182:Government House 994:10 inch RML guns 877:blast protection 745:Manning Parade, 575:state of the art 534:the rail network 455:Peter Scratchley 351:, then based in 267:state of the art 220:Peter Scratchley 177: 160: 129: 128: 126: 125: 124: 119: 115: 112: 111: 110: 107: 85: 67: 66: 60: 41: 32: 26: 21: 20: 4950: 4949: 4945: 4944: 4943: 4941: 4940: 4939: 4880: 4879: 4876: 4871: 4850: 4799: 4783: 4724:Cape Gantheaume 4700: 4607: 4569: 4545:O'Halloran Hill 4515:Brownhill Creek 4491: 4428: 4404:Wolseley Common 4304:Vivigani Ardune 4184:Sinclair Island 4039:Point Davenport 3909:Neptune Islands 3874:Mullinger Swamp 3749:Martindale Hall 3744:Martin Washpool 3449:Gambier Islands 3439:Franklin Harbor 3299:Christmas Rocks 3279:Carpenter Rocks 3254:Cape Willoughby 3249:Cape Gantheaume 3065: 2907: 2902: 2857: 2855: 2833:Wayback Machine 2817: 2781: 2779:Further reading 2776: 2770: 2735: 2733: 2731: 2720: 2704: 2702: 2700: 2689: 2676: 2648: 2631: 2626: 2625: 2614: 2610: 2600: 2598: 2590: 2589: 2585: 2575: 2573: 2568: 2567: 2563: 2558: 2551: 2541: 2540: 2531: 2526: 2522: 2512: 2510: 2495: 2491: 2481: 2479: 2470: 2469: 2465: 2460: 2451: 2441: 2440: 2436: 2431: 2427: 2417: 2416: 2412: 2399: 2397: 2389: 2383: 2379: 2374: 2370: 2358: 2357: 2353: 2343: 2342: 2338: 2328: 2327: 2323: 2313: 2312: 2308: 2298: 2297: 2293: 2283: 2282: 2278: 2268: 2266: 2257: 2256: 2252: 2247: 2232: 2227: 2223: 2218: 2201: 2196: 2177: 2172: 2161: 2156: 2143: 2138: 2134: 2129: 2125: 2120: 2113: 2108: 2101: 2096: 2092: 2087: 2076: 2071: 2067: 2062: 2058: 2053: 2040: 2035: 2024: 2019: 2012: 2007: 1986: 1981: 1970: 1965: 1956: 1946: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1935: 1931: 1921: 1919: 1912: 1908: 1903: 1899: 1894: 1883: 1873: 1872: 1868: 1863: 1850: 1845: 1838: 1828: 1827: 1823: 1818: 1803: 1798: 1794: 1789: 1785: 1780: 1776: 1771: 1760: 1755: 1744: 1739: 1730: 1725: 1716: 1711: 1707: 1702: 1693: 1688: 1681: 1676: 1672: 1667: 1656: 1651: 1647: 1642: 1633: 1628: 1621: 1611: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1600: 1593: 1588: 1583: 1582: 1573: 1569: 1564: 1560: 1555: 1550: 1543: 1539: 1538: 1536: 1532: 1527: 1522: 1515: 1511: 1510: 1508: 1504: 1499: 1482: 1445:. The fort has 1381: 1363:sesquicentenary 1342:National Estate 1243: 1206: 1123: 1047: 996: 983:siege artillery 967: 886: 832: 795:reconstructions 739: 679: 635:Second Boer War 629:batteries near 599: 546: 475:William Jervois 459:New South Wales 386:martello towers 309: 299: 216:William Jervois 192:South Australia 173: 158: 122: 120: 116: 113: 108: 105: 103: 101: 100: 83: 78: 77: 76: 75: 74: 73: 72: 68: 47: 30:South Australia 28: 27: 24: 19: 12: 11: 5: 4948: 4938: 4937: 4932: 4927: 4922: 4917: 4912: 4907: 4902: 4897: 4892: 4873: 4872: 4870: 4869: 4864: 4858: 4856: 4855:Related topics 4852: 4851: 4849: 4848: 4843: 4838: 4833: 4828: 4823: 4818: 4813: 4807: 4805: 4801: 4800: 4798: 4797: 4791: 4789: 4785: 4784: 4782: 4781: 4776: 4771: 4766: 4761: 4756: 4751: 4746: 4741: 4736: 4731: 4726: 4721: 4716: 4710: 4708: 4702: 4701: 4699: 4698: 4693: 4688: 4683: 4678: 4673: 4668: 4663: 4658: 4653: 4648: 4643: 4638: 4633: 4628: 4623: 4617: 4615: 4609: 4608: 4606: 4605: 4600: 4595: 4590: 4585: 4579: 4577: 4571: 4570: 4568: 4567: 4562: 4557: 4555:Shepherds Hill 4552: 4547: 4542: 4537: 4532: 4530:Granite Island 4527: 4522: 4517: 4512: 4507: 4501: 4499: 4493: 4492: 4490: 4489: 4484: 4479: 4474: 4469: 4464: 4459: 4457:Currency Creek 4454: 4449: 4444: 4438: 4436: 4430: 4429: 4427: 4426: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4401: 4396: 4391: 4386: 4381: 4376: 4371: 4366: 4361: 4356: 4351: 4346: 4341: 4336: 4331: 4326: 4321: 4316: 4311: 4306: 4301: 4296: 4291: 4286: 4284:Tucknott Scrub 4281: 4276: 4274:Torrens Island 4271: 4266: 4261: 4259:The Plug Range 4256: 4251: 4246: 4241: 4236: 4231: 4226: 4221: 4216: 4211: 4206: 4201: 4196: 4191: 4186: 4181: 4176: 4171: 4166: 4161: 4156: 4151: 4146: 4141: 4136: 4131: 4126: 4121: 4116: 4111: 4106: 4101: 4096: 4091: 4086: 4081: 4076: 4071: 4066: 4061: 4056: 4051: 4046: 4041: 4036: 4031: 4026: 4024:Pine Hill Soak 4021: 4016: 4014:Pigface Island 4011: 4006: 4001: 3999:Penguin Island 3996: 3991: 3989:Pelican Lagoon 3986: 3981: 3976: 3971: 3969:Paranki Lagoon 3966: 3961: 3956: 3951: 3946: 3941: 3936: 3931: 3926: 3921: 3916: 3911: 3906: 3901: 3896: 3891: 3886: 3881: 3876: 3871: 3866: 3861: 3856: 3851: 3846: 3841: 3836: 3831: 3826: 3821: 3816: 3811: 3806: 3801: 3796: 3791: 3786: 3781: 3776: 3771: 3766: 3761: 3756: 3751: 3746: 3741: 3736: 3731: 3726: 3721: 3716: 3711: 3706: 3701: 3696: 3691: 3686: 3681: 3676: 3671: 3666: 3661: 3656: 3651: 3646: 3641: 3636: 3631: 3626: 3621: 3616: 3611: 3606: 3601: 3596: 3591: 3586: 3581: 3576: 3574:Kapunda Island 3571: 3566: 3561: 3559:Ironstone Hill 3556: 3554:Horsnell Gully 3551: 3546: 3541: 3536: 3531: 3526: 3521: 3516: 3511: 3506: 3504:Gum Tree Gully 3501: 3496: 3491: 3489:Greenly Island 3486: 3481: 3476: 3471: 3466: 3461: 3456: 3451: 3446: 3441: 3436: 3431: 3429:Fort Glanville 3426: 3421: 3416: 3411: 3406: 3401: 3396: 3391: 3386: 3381: 3376: 3371: 3366: 3361: 3356: 3351: 3349:Cygnet Estuary 3346: 3341: 3336: 3331: 3326: 3321: 3316: 3311: 3306: 3301: 3296: 3291: 3286: 3281: 3276: 3271: 3266: 3261: 3256: 3251: 3246: 3241: 3236: 3231: 3226: 3221: 3216: 3211: 3206: 3201: 3196: 3191: 3186: 3181: 3176: 3171: 3166: 3161: 3156: 3154:Beatrice Islet 3151: 3146: 3141: 3136: 3131: 3126: 3121: 3116: 3111: 3106: 3101: 3096: 3091: 3086: 3081: 3075: 3073: 3067: 3066: 3064: 3063: 3058: 3053: 3048: 3043: 3038: 3033: 3028: 3023: 3018: 3013: 3008: 3003: 2998: 2993: 2988: 2983: 2978: 2973: 2968: 2963: 2958: 2956:Flinders Chase 2953: 2948: 2943: 2938: 2933: 2928: 2923: 2917: 2915: 2913:National parks 2909: 2908: 2901: 2900: 2893: 2886: 2878: 2872: 2871: 2868:Fort Glanville 2864: 2840: 2835: 2823: 2816: 2815:External links 2813: 2812: 2811: 2800: 2791: 2780: 2777: 2775: 2774: 2768: 2755: 2742: 2729: 2711: 2698: 2680: 2674: 2661: 2652: 2646: 2632: 2630: 2627: 2624: 2623: 2618:The Advertiser 2608: 2583: 2561: 2549: 2529: 2520: 2489: 2463: 2449: 2434: 2425: 2422:. 31 May 1972. 2410: 2377: 2368: 2351: 2346:The Advertiser 2336: 2331:The Advertiser 2321: 2316:The Advertiser 2306: 2301:The Advertiser 2291: 2286:The Advertiser 2276: 2265:on 16 May 2009 2250: 2230: 2221: 2199: 2175: 2159: 2141: 2132: 2123: 2111: 2099: 2090: 2074: 2065: 2056: 2038: 2022: 2010: 1984: 1968: 1954: 1929: 1906: 1897: 1881: 1866: 1848: 1836: 1831:The Advertiser 1821: 1801: 1792: 1783: 1774: 1758: 1742: 1728: 1714: 1705: 1691: 1679: 1670: 1654: 1645: 1631: 1619: 1590: 1589: 1587: 1584: 1581: 1580: 1567: 1558: 1530: 1501: 1500: 1498: 1495: 1494: 1493: 1488: 1481: 1478: 1447:living history 1402:Semaphore Park 1380: 1377: 1310:anti-tank guns 1300:Port Wakefield 1242: 1239: 1205: 1202: 1144:Nordenfelt gun 1122: 1121:Other weaponry 1119: 1107:fired in anger 1100:North Adelaide 1046: 1043: 1024:light cruisers 995: 992: 966: 963: 959:ablution block 934:friction tubes 885: 882: 831: 830:Internal rooms 828: 763:retaining wall 738: 735: 678: 675: 674: 673: 667: 598: 595: 545: 542: 506:Torrens Island 414:naval officers 408:and Commodore 341:Russian Empire 317:British Empire 298: 295: 206:listed on the 196:Semaphore Park 188:protected area 179: 178: 171: 167: 166: 161: 155: 154: 151: 147: 146: 143: 139: 138: 137:1 January 1951 135: 131: 130: 98: 92: 91: 86: 80: 79: 70: 69: 62: 61: 55: 54: 53: 52: 49: 48: 42: 34: 33: 17: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4947: 4936: 4933: 4931: 4928: 4926: 4923: 4921: 4918: 4916: 4913: 4911: 4908: 4906: 4903: 4901: 4898: 4896: 4893: 4891: 4888: 4887: 4885: 4878: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4860: 4859: 4857: 4853: 4847: 4846:Telowie Gorge 4844: 4842: 4839: 4837: 4834: 4832: 4829: 4827: 4824: 4822: 4819: 4817: 4814: 4812: 4809: 4808: 4806: 4802: 4796: 4793: 4792: 4790: 4786: 4780: 4777: 4775: 4774:Western River 4772: 4770: 4767: 4765: 4762: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4752: 4750: 4747: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4725: 4722: 4720: 4717: 4715: 4712: 4711: 4709: 4707: 4703: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4689: 4687: 4684: 4682: 4679: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4667: 4664: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4649: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4637: 4634: 4632: 4629: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4619: 4618: 4616: 4614: 4610: 4604: 4601: 4599: 4596: 4594: 4591: 4589: 4586: 4584: 4581: 4580: 4578: 4576: 4572: 4566: 4563: 4561: 4558: 4556: 4553: 4551: 4548: 4546: 4543: 4541: 4538: 4536: 4533: 4531: 4528: 4526: 4525:Cobbler Creek 4523: 4521: 4518: 4516: 4513: 4511: 4508: 4506: 4503: 4502: 4500: 4498: 4494: 4488: 4485: 4483: 4482:Poocher Swamp 4480: 4478: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4463: 4460: 4458: 4455: 4453: 4450: 4448: 4445: 4443: 4440: 4439: 4437: 4435: 4434:Game reserves 4431: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4380: 4377: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4365: 4364:Whidbey Isles 4362: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4347: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4332: 4330: 4327: 4325: 4322: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4307: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4247: 4245: 4242: 4240: 4239:Telford Scrub 4237: 4235: 4232: 4230: 4227: 4225: 4222: 4220: 4217: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4202: 4200: 4197: 4195: 4194:Sleaford Mere 4192: 4190: 4187: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4177: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4167: 4165: 4162: 4160: 4157: 4155: 4152: 4150: 4147: 4145: 4142: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4115: 4112: 4110: 4107: 4105: 4102: 4100: 4097: 4095: 4092: 4090: 4087: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4077: 4075: 4072: 4070: 4069:Pullen Island 4067: 4065: 4062: 4060: 4057: 4055: 4054:Poonthie Ruwe 4052: 4050: 4047: 4045: 4042: 4040: 4037: 4035: 4032: 4030: 4029:Pinkawillinie 4027: 4025: 4022: 4020: 4017: 4015: 4012: 4010: 4007: 4005: 4002: 4000: 3997: 3995: 3992: 3990: 3987: 3985: 3982: 3980: 3977: 3975: 3972: 3970: 3967: 3965: 3962: 3960: 3957: 3955: 3952: 3950: 3947: 3945: 3942: 3940: 3937: 3935: 3934:Nixon-Skinner 3932: 3930: 3927: 3925: 3922: 3920: 3917: 3915: 3912: 3910: 3907: 3905: 3902: 3900: 3897: 3895: 3892: 3890: 3887: 3885: 3882: 3880: 3877: 3875: 3872: 3870: 3867: 3865: 3862: 3860: 3857: 3855: 3854:Mount Monster 3852: 3850: 3847: 3845: 3842: 3840: 3837: 3835: 3832: 3830: 3829:Mount Boothby 3827: 3825: 3822: 3820: 3817: 3815: 3812: 3810: 3807: 3805: 3802: 3800: 3797: 3795: 3792: 3790: 3787: 3785: 3782: 3780: 3777: 3775: 3772: 3770: 3767: 3765: 3762: 3760: 3757: 3755: 3752: 3750: 3747: 3745: 3742: 3740: 3737: 3735: 3734:Mark Oliphant 3732: 3730: 3727: 3725: 3722: 3720: 3717: 3715: 3712: 3710: 3707: 3705: 3702: 3700: 3697: 3695: 3692: 3690: 3689:Lipson Island 3687: 3685: 3682: 3680: 3677: 3675: 3672: 3670: 3667: 3665: 3662: 3660: 3657: 3655: 3652: 3650: 3649:Lake St Clair 3647: 3645: 3642: 3640: 3637: 3635: 3632: 3630: 3627: 3625: 3622: 3620: 3617: 3615: 3612: 3610: 3607: 3605: 3602: 3600: 3599:Kelvin Powrie 3597: 3595: 3592: 3590: 3587: 3585: 3582: 3580: 3577: 3575: 3572: 3570: 3567: 3565: 3562: 3560: 3557: 3555: 3552: 3550: 3549:Hopkins Creek 3547: 3545: 3542: 3540: 3537: 3535: 3532: 3530: 3527: 3525: 3522: 3520: 3517: 3515: 3512: 3510: 3507: 3505: 3502: 3500: 3497: 3495: 3492: 3490: 3487: 3485: 3482: 3480: 3477: 3475: 3472: 3470: 3467: 3465: 3462: 3460: 3457: 3455: 3454:Gawler Ranges 3452: 3450: 3447: 3445: 3442: 3440: 3437: 3435: 3432: 3430: 3427: 3425: 3422: 3420: 3417: 3415: 3412: 3410: 3407: 3405: 3402: 3400: 3397: 3395: 3394:Eric Bonython 3392: 3390: 3387: 3385: 3382: 3380: 3377: 3375: 3374:Douglas Point 3372: 3370: 3367: 3365: 3362: 3360: 3357: 3355: 3352: 3350: 3347: 3345: 3342: 3340: 3337: 3335: 3332: 3330: 3327: 3325: 3322: 3320: 3317: 3315: 3312: 3310: 3307: 3305: 3302: 3300: 3297: 3295: 3292: 3290: 3287: 3285: 3282: 3280: 3277: 3275: 3274:Caroona Creek 3272: 3270: 3267: 3265: 3264:Carappee Hill 3262: 3260: 3259:Caralue Bluff 3257: 3255: 3252: 3250: 3247: 3245: 3242: 3240: 3237: 3235: 3232: 3230: 3227: 3225: 3222: 3220: 3217: 3215: 3212: 3210: 3207: 3205: 3202: 3200: 3197: 3195: 3192: 3190: 3187: 3185: 3182: 3180: 3177: 3175: 3172: 3170: 3167: 3165: 3162: 3160: 3157: 3155: 3152: 3150: 3147: 3145: 3142: 3140: 3137: 3135: 3134:Bascombe Well 3132: 3130: 3127: 3125: 3122: 3120: 3117: 3115: 3112: 3110: 3107: 3105: 3102: 3100: 3097: 3095: 3092: 3090: 3089:Aldinga Scrub 3087: 3085: 3084:Acraman Creek 3082: 3080: 3077: 3076: 3074: 3072: 3068: 3062: 3059: 3057: 3054: 3052: 3049: 3047: 3044: 3042: 3039: 3037: 3034: 3032: 3029: 3027: 3024: 3022: 3019: 3017: 3014: 3012: 3009: 3007: 3004: 3002: 2999: 2997: 2996:Lake Gairdner 2994: 2992: 2989: 2987: 2984: 2982: 2979: 2977: 2974: 2972: 2971:Gawler Ranges 2969: 2967: 2964: 2962: 2959: 2957: 2954: 2952: 2949: 2947: 2944: 2942: 2939: 2937: 2934: 2932: 2929: 2927: 2924: 2922: 2919: 2918: 2916: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2899: 2894: 2892: 2887: 2885: 2880: 2879: 2876: 2869: 2865: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2841: 2839: 2836: 2834: 2830: 2827: 2824: 2822: 2819: 2818: 2808: 2807: 2801: 2797: 2792: 2788: 2783: 2782: 2771: 2769:0-949268-67-4 2765: 2761: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2743: 2732: 2730:0-7243-9069-3 2726: 2719: 2718: 2712: 2701: 2699:0-642-27106-2 2695: 2688: 2687: 2681: 2677: 2675:0-85864-098-8 2671: 2667: 2662: 2658: 2653: 2649: 2647:0-85864-098-8 2643: 2639: 2634: 2633: 2619: 2612: 2597: 2593: 2587: 2571: 2565: 2556: 2554: 2545: 2538: 2536: 2534: 2524: 2509: 2505: 2504: 2499: 2493: 2477: 2473: 2467: 2458: 2456: 2454: 2445: 2438: 2429: 2421: 2420:The Messenger 2414: 2407: 2395: 2388: 2381: 2372: 2364: 2363: 2355: 2347: 2340: 2332: 2325: 2317: 2310: 2302: 2295: 2287: 2280: 2264: 2260: 2254: 2245: 2243: 2241: 2239: 2237: 2235: 2225: 2216: 2214: 2212: 2210: 2208: 2206: 2204: 2194: 2192: 2190: 2188: 2186: 2184: 2182: 2180: 2170: 2168: 2166: 2164: 2154: 2152: 2150: 2148: 2146: 2136: 2127: 2118: 2116: 2106: 2104: 2094: 2085: 2083: 2081: 2079: 2069: 2060: 2051: 2049: 2047: 2045: 2043: 2033: 2031: 2029: 2027: 2017: 2015: 2005: 2003: 2001: 1999: 1997: 1995: 1993: 1991: 1989: 1979: 1977: 1975: 1973: 1963: 1961: 1959: 1939: 1933: 1917: 1910: 1901: 1892: 1890: 1888: 1886: 1877: 1870: 1861: 1859: 1857: 1855: 1853: 1843: 1841: 1832: 1825: 1816: 1814: 1812: 1810: 1808: 1806: 1796: 1787: 1778: 1769: 1767: 1765: 1763: 1753: 1751: 1749: 1747: 1737: 1735: 1733: 1723: 1721: 1719: 1709: 1700: 1698: 1696: 1686: 1684: 1674: 1665: 1663: 1661: 1659: 1649: 1640: 1638: 1636: 1626: 1624: 1604: 1598: 1596: 1591: 1577: 1571: 1562: 1549: 1542: 1534: 1521: 1514: 1506: 1502: 1492: 1489: 1487: 1484: 1483: 1477: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1460: 1457:Turntable of 1455: 1451: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1418: 1416: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1398: 1396: 1390: 1387: 1376: 1373: 1372:Roma Mitchell 1368: 1364: 1359: 1356: 1351: 1346: 1343: 1339: 1334: 1329: 1327: 1321: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1308: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1280: 1275: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1238: 1236: 1230: 1228: 1224: 1219: 1216: 1212: 1201: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1170: 1160: 1156: 1154: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1131: 1128: 1118: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1103: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1083: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1071:Royal Arsenal 1068: 1064: 1060: 1051: 1042: 1040: 1036: 1031: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1016: 1013: 1009: 1000: 991: 989: 988:Royal Arsenal 984: 980: 976: 972: 962: 960: 955: 951: 947: 942: 939: 935: 931: 927: 923: 919: 914: 912: 907: 903: 899: 890: 881: 878: 872: 870: 866: 861: 856: 852: 848: 841: 836: 827: 825: 821: 820:exercise area 817: 811: 808: 804: 800: 797:. 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Retrieved 1570: 1561: 1548:the original 1533: 1520:the original 1505: 1465: 1463: 1458: 1419: 1399: 1391: 1382: 1360: 1347: 1337: 1332: 1330: 1322: 1296:World War II 1276: 1244: 1241:20th century 1235:compensation 1231: 1220: 1207: 1169:mountain gun 1165: 1152: 1132: 1124: 1115:rangefinders 1104: 1084: 1056: 1032: 1017: 1005: 968: 943: 915: 895: 873: 844: 812: 792: 752: 711: 688: 660: 618:headquarters 611: 579: 571: 555: 547: 530:Port Augusta 518: 509: 483: 444: 428: 422: 394: 366: 338: 310: 282: 279: 251:caravan park 247:World War II 236: 212:caravan park 183: 182: 15: 4836:Port Gawler 4754:Memory Cove 4656:Desert Camp 4560:Sturt Gorge 4540:Long Island 4505:Anstey Hill 4477:Mud Islands 4442:Bool Lagoon 4384:Wills Creek 4354:West Island 4309:Vivonne Bay 4174:Sheoak Hill 4149:Scott Creek 4134:Sandy Creek 4094:Reedy Creek 4079:Ramco Point 3924:Ngaut Ngaut 3899:Nene Valley 3859:Mount Scott 3834:Mount Brown 3824:Mount Billy 3784:Moana Sands 3679:Leven Beach 3634:Lake Gilles 3569:Kaiserstuhl 3494:Guichen Bay 3434:Fowlers Bay 3404:Ewens Ponds 3364:Desert Camp 3359:Darke Range 3219:Busby Islet 2705:10 February 1576:conscripted 1248:World War I 1020:battleships 869:Voice pipes 855:observation 787:sand mining 656:World War I 591:maiden name 486:1877 report 357:Henry Young 345:Crimean War 243:World War I 224:Semaphore's 194:located in 134:Established 121: / 106:34°51′3.5″S 96:Coordinates 4884:Categories 4779:Yellabinna 4621:Bernouilli 4603:Yellabinna 4598:Strzelecki 4588:Innamincka 4447:Bucks Lake 4414:Yeldulknie 4389:Winninowie 4229:Tallaringa 4214:Swan Reach 4209:Stipiturus 4159:Searcy Bay 4139:Sceale Bay 4034:Point Bell 4019:Pike River 3964:Para Wirra 3944:Nuyts Reef 3904:Nepean Bay 3884:Murrunatta 3809:Moody Tank 3779:Minlacowie 3694:Little Dip 3629:Lake Frome 3594:Kelly Hill 3534:Hesperilla 3499:Gum Lagoon 3484:Grass Tree 3384:Eba Island 3294:Charleston 3239:Cap Island 3229:Calectasia 3209:Brookfield 3204:Breakaways 3194:Black Rock 3189:Black Hill 2991:Lake Frome 2961:Deep Creek 2941:Coffin Bay 2736:22 January 2601:23 October 2576:21 January 2269:22 January 1947:6 February 1922:3 February 1586:References 1410:crown land 1272:Boy Scouts 1264:small arms 1211:depression 1167:Whitworth 1148:smoothbore 971:War Office 950:guardhouse 946:laboratory 847:ammunition 803:terreplein 767:earth fill 747:terreplein 642:after the 558:Fort Largs 544:Foundation 467:Queensland 406:HMS Falcon 378:Port River 334:field guns 301:See also: 239:Fort Largs 228:Port River 150:Visitation 4821:Katarapko 4759:Nullarbor 4739:Hambridge 4686:Poolgarra 4646:Cox Scrub 4641:Cortlinye 4626:Buckleboo 4593:Nullarbor 4535:Greenhill 4520:Caratoola 4467:Loch Luna 4462:Lake Robe 4394:Wittelbee 4369:White Dam 4359:Wharminda 4349:Warrenben 4324:Waitpinga 4319:Wahgunyah 4294:Venus Bay 4254:The Pages 4249:The Knoll 4089:Red Banks 4049:Pooginook 3954:Padthaway 3804:Montacute 3719:Mamungari 3664:Laura Bay 3614:Kulliparu 3329:Cox Scrub 3179:Bimbowrie 3169:Big Heath 3159:Belt Hill 3149:Beachport 3036:Nullarbor 1423:souvenirs 1318:Woodville 1268:Sea Scout 1252:detention 1136:Whitworth 954:duty room 938:explosion 884:Buildings 860:gunpowder 783:case shot 771:sandhills 677:Structure 597:Personnel 583:John Hart 525:time ball 514:companies 494:Largs Bay 425:Melbourne 370:Semaphore 330:artillery 255:boy scout 4734:Danggali 4714:Billiatt 4651:Cunyarie 4583:Chowilla 4487:Tolderol 4452:Chowilla 4424:Yumbarra 4399:Woakwine 4224:Talisker 4154:Seal Bay 3994:Penambol 3984:Peebinga 3974:Parndana 3959:Pandappa 3879:Munyaroo 3819:Morialta 3609:Kinchina 3529:Heggaton 3469:Glen Roy 3459:Geegeela 3414:Ferguson 3409:Fairview 3354:Danggali 3319:Cooltong 3289:Chadinga 3284:Carribie 3199:Boondina 3174:Billiatt 3079:Aberdour 2829:Archived 2362:The News 1612:26 April 1480:See also 1429:at some 1292:Wallaroo 1284:Maldives 1198:Mile End 1090:and the 1075:Woolwich 1012:barbette 965:Armament 911:concrete 906:verandah 902:shutters 898:barracks 865:magazine 840:caponier 779:caponier 765:for the 755:revetted 727:palisade 648:regiment 463:Victoria 418:gunboats 397:infantry 382:landings 322:Governor 234:attack. 200:Adelaide 4666:Lacroma 4636:Bunkers 4631:Bunbury 4565:Totness 4472:Moorook 4409:Yalpara 4379:Wiljani 4374:Whyalla 4334:Wanilla 4219:Talapar 4179:Simpson 4169:Shannon 3979:Peachna 3919:Ngarkat 3894:Myponga 3794:Monarto 3774:Mimbara 3764:Messent 3724:Mantung 3684:Lincoln 3659:Lathami 3654:Lashmar 3619:Kungari 3564:Jip Jip 3424:Finniss 3399:Ettrick 3309:Clinton 3269:Carcuma 3164:Beyeria 3129:Barwell 3124:Bangham 3061:Witjira 3006:Lincoln 2946:Coorong 2936:Cleland 2931:Canunda 1227:berthed 1067:calibre 1028:derrick 979:turrets 918:canteen 816:bivouac 759:rampart 731:masonry 719:profile 699:cavalry 695:lunette 691:battery 650:of the 551:Russian 448:Colonel 435:£20,000 401:cavalry 390:Glenelg 374:Raiders 353:Siberia 263:lunette 170:Website 4744:Hincks 4676:Mootra 4671:Moongi 4344:Warren 4264:Thidna 4164:Seddon 4124:Rudall 4119:Roonka 4099:Ridley 4084:Ramsay 4074:Pureba 4004:Penola 3814:Morgan 3789:Mokota 3729:Marino 3714:Malgra 3674:Lesuer 3669:Lawari 3624:Kyeema 3584:Kathai 3539:Hincks 3444:Furner 3379:Dudley 3344:Custon 3334:Cromer 3314:Cocata 3139:Baudin 3119:Bandon 3114:Bakara 3099:Angove 2926:Belair 2858:26 May 2766: 2727: 2696: 2672: 2644: 2513:22 May 2482:1 July 2400:21 May 1355:plaque 1350:shrunk 1340:. The 1314:Holden 1256:leased 1176:. The 1117:used. 1088:rotted 922:pantry 824:stable 799:parade 707:glacis 639:strike 498:Marino 325:Gawler 305:, and 253:and a 4419:Yulte 4144:Scott 3889:Mylor 3699:Lowan 3579:Karte 3479:Gower 3464:Giles 2721:(PDF) 2690:(PDF) 2390:(PDF) 1941:(PDF) 1606:(PDF) 1551:(PDF) 1544:(PDF) 1523:(PDF) 1516:(PDF) 1497:Notes 1470:gauge 1304:proof 1079:siege 930:fuses 775:scarp 703:ditch 521:jetty 500:, an 452:Major 287:gauge 232:naval 230:from 186:is a 4691:Tola 3514:Hale 2860:2011 2764:ISBN 2738:2009 2725:ISBN 2707:2009 2694:ISBN 2670:ISBN 2642:ISBN 2603:2023 2578:2009 2515:2018 2484:2016 2402:2018 2271:2009 1949:2009 1924:2009 1614:2018 1288:dhow 1277:The 896:The 818:and 705:and 646:, a 484:The 473:Sir 465:and 245:and 204:fort 142:Area 1441:in 1316:in 1274:. 957:an 807:tar 553:. 439:A$ 4886:: 2851:. 2847:. 2594:. 2552:^ 2532:^ 2506:. 2500:. 2474:. 2452:^ 2404:. 2392:. 2233:^ 2202:^ 2178:^ 2162:^ 2144:^ 2114:^ 2102:^ 2077:^ 2041:^ 2025:^ 2013:^ 1987:^ 1971:^ 1957:^ 1884:^ 1851:^ 1839:^ 1804:^ 1761:^ 1745:^ 1731:^ 1717:^ 1694:^ 1682:^ 1657:^ 1634:^ 1622:^ 1594:^ 1073:, 1041:. 944:A 932:, 577:. 461:, 399:, 293:. 2897:e 2890:t 2883:v 2870:. 2862:. 2772:. 2740:. 2709:. 2678:. 2650:. 2605:. 2580:. 2517:. 2486:. 2273:. 1951:. 1926:. 1616:. 437:(

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Fort Glanville Conservation Park

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