1714:
1681:
1358:
79:
1383:
1839:
769:
1347:
1701:
786:
40:
1831:
2151:
1877:
Elisabeth
Ivarsflaten studied the relationship between employment in the fossil fuel industry with the support to climate change policies. They proposed that one opportunity for displaced drilling employments in the fossil fuel industry could be in the geothermal energy industry. This was suggested as a result of their conclusion: people and companies in the fossil fuel industry will likely oppose measures that endanger their employment, unless they have other stronger alternatives. This can be extrapolated to political interests, that can push against the phase-out of fossil fuels initiative. One example is how the vote of
860:
1463:
2093:
1058:
9284:
8625:
11777:
11261:
9204:
8414:
8402:
2230:
648:
2244:
2216:
8438:
8426:
672:
660:
1451:
11765:
919:
162:. Phase-out policies include both demand-side and supply-side measures. Whereas demand-side approaches seek to reduce fossil-fuel consumption, supply-side initiatives seek to constrain production to accelerate the pace of energy transition and reduction in emissions. It has been suggested that laws should be passed to make fossil fuel companies bury the same amount of carbon as they emit. The
1745:(ODI) and 11 other NGOs released a report on the impact of building new coal-fired power plants in countries where a significant proportion of the population lacks access to electricity. The report concludes that, on the whole, building coal-fired power plants does little to help the poor and may make them poorer. Moreover, wind and solar generation are beginning to challenge coal on cost.
1148:
4488:
Raising fuel prices to their fully efficient levels reduces projected global fossil fuel CO2 emissions 43 percent below baseline levels in 2030—or 34 percent below 2019 emissions. This reduction is in line with the 25-50 percent reduction in global greenhouse gas emissions below 2019 levels needed by
1763:
The GeGaLo index of geopolitical gains and losses assesses how the geopolitical position of 156 countries may change if the world fully transitions to renewable energy resources. Former fossil fuel exporters are expected to lose power, while the positions of former fossil fuel importers and countries
1759:
provided the first global account of supply-side initiatives to constrain fossil fuel production. The latest update of the database recorded 1967 initiatives implemented between 1988 and
October 2021 in 110 countries across seven major types of supply-side approaches (Divestment, n=1201; Blockades,
1630:
source, and consequently the use of a non-petroleum source would be required to extract the hydrogen for use. Though hydrogen is currently outperformed in terms of cost and efficiency by battery powered vehicles, there are applications where it would come in useful. Short haul ferries and very cold
1911:
and a few other oil producers, summit's final statement failed to include a call for nations to phase out fossil fuels. In March 2022, at a United
Nations meeting with climate scientists, Saudi Arabia, together with Russia, pushed to delete a reference to "human-induced climate change" from an
1221:
Phasing out fossil fuel subsidies is crucial to address the climate crisis. It must however be done carefully to avoid protests and making poor people poorer. In most cases, however, low fossil fuel prices benefit wealthier households more than poorer households. So to help poor and vulnerable
1876:
Another impact of a phase-out of fossil fuels is in employment. In the case of employment in the fossil fuel industry, a phase-out is logically undesired, therefore, people employed in the industry will usually oppose any measures that put their industries under scrutiny. Endre
Tvinnereim and
1733:
A 2016 report by Oil Change
International, concludes that the carbon emissions embedded in the coal, oil, and gas in currently working mines and fields, assuming that these run to the end of their working lifetimes, will take the world to just beyond the 2 °C limit contained in the 2015
1225:
Economic theory indicates that the optimal policy would be to remove coal mining and burning subsidies and replace them with optimal taxes. Global studies indicate that even without introducing taxes, subsidy and trade barrier removal at a sectoral level would improve efficiency and reduce
732:, the fossil fuel phase out specifically aims to end the burning of fossil fuels and the consequent production of greenhouse gases. Therefore, attempts to reduce the use of oil and gas in the plastic industry do not form part of fossil fuel phase-out or reduction plans.
6153:
Heath, Garvin A.; Silverman, Timothy J.; Kempe, Michael; Deceglie, Michael; Ravikumar, Dwarakanath; Remo, Timothy; Cui, Hao; Sinha, Parikhit; Libby, Cara; Shaw, Stephanie; Komoto, Keiichi; Wambach, Karsten; Butler, Evelyn; Barnes, Teresa; Wade, Andreas (July 2020).
3961:
Heinrichs, Heidi Ursula; Schumann, Diana; Vögele, Stefan; Biß, Klaus
Hendrik; Shamon, Hawal; Markewitz, Peter; Többen, Johannes; Gillessen, Bastian; Gotzens, Fabian (1 May 2017). "Integrated assessment of a phase-out of coal-fired power plants in Germany".
1538:
Key questions for mitigation are the viability of methods, the roles of government and private sector and how early these solutions are implemented. The responses to such questions and steps taken towards mitigation may determine whether or not the
2203:: "Those corporations that continue to invest in new fossil fuel exploration, new fossil fuel exploitation, are really in flagrant breach of their fiduciary duty because the science is abundantly clear that this is something we can no longer do."
6357:
821:, each making a declaration to advance the transition away from unabated (abated means with carbon capture and storage (CCS), but almost all power plants are unabated as CCS is so expensive) coal power generation. As of 2019, however, the
3044:
1111:
was taken in light of the two world wars (during which
Switzerland was neutral) when coal imports became increasingly difficult. As Switzerland has ample hydropower resources, electric trains (as opposed to those driven by
3389:
In the next phase of this partnership, we must focus even more strongly on working with business to accelerate the development of solutions that are critical to achieve net zero, such as energy storage and clean hydrogen
1729:
released a report highlighting the need for an active phase-out of coal-fired generation across Europe. Their analysis derived from a database of 280 coal plants and included emissions data from official EU registries.
3804:
1297:
Phase-in full reforms in a sequence of gradual steps. Increasing prices gradually but on a defined schedule signals intent to consumers while allowing time to invest in energy efficiency to partially offset the
1805:
It analyses global renewable energy potential, and finds that "every region on Earth can replace fossil fuels with renewable energy to keep warming below 1.5 °C and provide reliable energy access to all."
4672:
2137:
The UK is legally committed to be carbon neutral by 2050, and moving away from the heating of homes by natural gas is likely to be the most difficult part of the country's fossil fuel phase out. Alternative
1933:
for over 3 million workers in the coal-mining and power industry. It is not yet clear whether China aims to phase-out all fossil fuel use by that date or whether a small proportion will still be in use with
1784:
investigation showed in 2022, that big fossil fuel firms continue to plan huge investments in new fossil fuel production projects that would drive the climate past internationally agreed temperature limits.
5375:
774:
The annual amount of coal plant capacity being retired increased into the mid-2010s. However, the rate of retirement has since stalled, and global coal phase-out is not yet compatible with the goals of the
4708:
2410:
6483:
3477:
1717:
The countries most reliant on fossil fuels for electricity vary widely on how great a percentage of that electricity is generated from renewables, leaving wide variation in renewables' growth potential.
1752:, suggests that 10 countries in Europe could completely phase out coal-fired electricity generation with their current infrastructure, whilst the United States and Russia could phase out at least 30%.
953:
built in the 2020s, as the average plant life is 35 years. Although natural gas assets are likely to be stranded later than oil and coal assets, perhaps not until 2050, some investors are concerned by
6346:
3125:
3737:
810:
and about 40% of the greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels. Phasing out coal has short-term health and environmental benefits which exceed the costs, and without it the 2 °C target in the
696:
3837:
3376:
4755:
3640:
2385:
4358:
1301:
Aspire to account for externalities over time by imposing a fee or tax on fossil energy products and services, and eliminating preferences for fossil fuels that remain embedded in the tax code.
6389:
5271:
1420:, energetic transition) calls for a shift from combustion powered road transport to bicycles, walking and rail transport and the replacement of remaining road vehicles with electric traction.
1233:
The actual effects of removing fossil fuel subsidies would depend heavily on the type of subsidy removed and the availability and economics of other energy sources. There is also the issue of
2825:
2303:
5237:
4587:
3413:
1873:
Fossil fuel phase-out may lead to an increment in electricity prices, because of the new investments needed to replace their share in the electricity mix with alternative energy sources.
4657:
2904:
1237:, where removal of a subsidy to an energy-intensive industry could lead to a shift in production to another country with less regulation, and thus to a net increase in global emissions.
9501:
5798:
166:
estimates that in order to achieve carbon neutrality by the middle of the century, global investments in renewable energy must triple by 2030, reaching over $ 4 trillion annually.
3567:
1230:
and create jobs in renewable energy. The IMF estimated in 2023 that removal of fossil fuel subsidies would limit global heating to the Paris goal of substantially less than 2 °C.
5166:
3850:
The
International Energy Agency has told us that to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement, the global transition to clean power needs to move four times faster than our current pace.
3052:
2803:
2873:
1092:
can create jobs through the construction of new power plants and the manufacturing of the equipment that they need, as was seen in the case of
Germany and the wind power industry.
6512:
3019:
2175:
If you're a young person looking at the future of this planet and looking at what is being done right now, and not done, I believe we have reached the stage where it is time for
10486:
4923:
3280:
2826:
Shared attribution: Global Energy
Monitor, CREA, E3G, Reclaim Finance, Sierra Club, SFOC, Kiko Network, CAN Europe, Bangladesh Groups, ACJCE, Chile Sustentable (5 April 2023).
1738:
and even further from the 1.5 °C goal. The report observes that "one of the most powerful climate policy levers is also the simplest: stop digging for more fossil fuels".
791:
In parallel with retirement of some coal plant capacity, other coal plants are still being added, though the annual amount of added capacity has been declining since the 2010s.
6554:
5298:
1497:. The peak of this curve is known as peak oil, and by changing the shape of the curve, the timing of the peak in oil production is affected. An analysis by the author of the
6412:"COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE EUROPEAN COUNCIL, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS"
2366:
8138:
1866:
The phase-out of fossil fuels involves many challenges, and one of them is the reliance that the world currently has on them. In 2014, fossil fuels provided over 80% of the
1430:
derived from plant materials, are entering the market. However, many of the biofuels that are currently being supplied have been criticised for their adverse impacts on the
3609:
1398:
or otherwise powered by clean, non-emitting sources. Such bans include the United Kingdom by 2035 and Norway by 2025. Many transit authorities are working to purchase only
1041:
said that to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement, the phase-out of fossil fuels would need to "move four times faster". To achieve the goal of limiting global warming to
4634:
5827:
5406:
1760:
n= 374; Litigation, n= 192; Moratoria and Bans, n= 146; Production subsidies removal, n=31; Carbon tax on fossil fuel production, n=16; Emissions Trading Schemes, n= 7).
3797:
1756:
1203:
are present in many countries. Fossil fuel subsidies in 2019 for consumption totalled US$ 320 billion spread over many countries. As of 2019 governments subsidise
4801:
3320:
6324:
2774:
2064:, and reiterated Germany's commitment to be climate neutral by 2045, saying: "The technologies are there: wind power, photovoltaics, electric motors, green hydrogen."
1100:
Countries which lack fossil fuel deposits, particularly coal but also petroleum and natural gas, often cite energy independence in their shift away from fossil fuels.
4683:
1009:
Most of the millions of premature deaths from air pollution are due to fossil fuels. Pollution may be indoors e.g. from heating and cooking, or outdoors from vehicle
8314:
961:
6769:
3936:
7982:
7439:
5359:
4971:
4609:
1897:
1501:
showed that while the shape of the oil production curve can be affected by mitigation efforts, mitigation efforts are also affected by the shape of Hubbert curve.
4719:
2990:
2454:
2402:
9508:
6479:
6418:
5700:
4299:
3469:
2883:
2834:
2813:
2622:
11669:
10382:
6861:
6818:
6601:
5503:
5333:
4949:
4235:
3499:
2701:
2436:
8155:
2200:
486:
5860:
3078:
2520:
1134:
in the Netherlands and Denmark also coincided with the 1973 oil crisis and aimed in part at reducing the need for oil imports in the transportation sector.
3729:
2298:
1713:
1207:
by about $ 500 billion per year: however using an unconventional definition of subsidy which includes failing to price greenhouse gas emissions, the
11227:
7591:
7407:
6643:
4855:
3829:
3537:
3368:
1535:
since the 1970s have had no effect on curbing the oil consumption until 2007. In the United States, oil consumption declines in reaction to high prices.
1304:
Use direct cash transfers to maintain benefits for poor segments of society rather than preserving subsidised prices for vulnerable socioeconomic groups.
703:
5639:
4745:
3632:
3218:
2381:
9650:
9596:
7586:
4557:
4350:
2572:
6731:
3158:
2478:
2005:. Through partnerships with industry and member States, it will support research and innovation on transport technologies, including batteries, clean
1912:
official document, disputing the scientifically established fact that the burning of fossil fuels by humans is the main driver of the climate crisis.
7454:
6385:
5429:
5263:
4653:
4012:
3188:
2960:
888:
and petrol. The refined products are primarily for transportation by conventional cars, trucks, trains, planes and ships. Popular alternatives are
806:
to well below 2 °C (3.6 °F), coal use needs to halve from 2020 to 2030. However, as of 2017, coal supplied over a quarter of the world's
10607:
9905:
9333:
6443:
5228:
3245:
2851:
2287:
830:
4123:
7434:
7381:
2855:
2321:
1798:
3775:
3402:
1884:
Other challenges include ensuring sustainable recycling, sourcing of the required materials, disruptions of existing power structures, managing
8476:
5565:
4825:
2896:
1014:
6302:
5787:
5673:
3559:
7090:
2041:
1904:
716:
While crude oil and natural gas are also being phased out in chemical processes (e.g. production of new building blocks for plastics) as the
5158:
1768:
1127:
which by the end of the 1980s had shifted France's electricity sector almost entirely away from coal gas and oil and towards nuclear power.
1123:
also led to a shift in energy policy in many places to become (more) independent of fossil fuel imports. In France the government announced
1042:
9895:
9769:
9149:
7323:
4892:
4388:
3446:
2077:
1706:
In 2023, electricity generation from wind and solar sources was projected to exceed 30% by 2030, as fossil fuels' use continues to decline.
941:
In some countries natural gas is being used as a temporary "bridge fuel" to replace coal, in turn to be replaced by renewable sources or a
2799:
2390:
Defying supply chain disruptions and macroeconomic headwinds, 2022 energy transition investment jumped 31% to draw level with fossil fuels
11694:
10377:
10372:
10357:
10352:
9900:
9603:
7207:
5969:
2869:
1797:
found that "existing coal, oil and gas production puts the world on course to overshoot Paris climate targets." In co-operation with the
1631:
climates are two examples. Hydrogen fuel cells are about a third as efficient as batteries and double the efficiency of petrol vehicles.
1222:
people, other measures than fossil fuel subsidies would be more targeted. This could in turn increase public support for subsidy reform.
5021:
3250:
11607:
10322:
7476:
7424:
6505:
5031:
4915:
3012:
1654:
The US Air Force is currently in the process of certifying its entire fleet to run on a 50/50 blend of synthetic fuel derived from the
1013:. One estimate is that the proportion is 65% and the number 3.5 million each year. According to Professor Sir Andy Haines at the
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4268:
3272:
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5294:
5140:
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11330:
9946:
9915:
9910:
7686:
7397:
7115:
6892:
2362:
200:
1310:
Any remaining fossil fuel subsidies should be clearly budgeted at full international prices and paid for by the national treasury.
10689:
9308:
8042:
7831:
6989:
5993:"Carbon Geography: The Political Economy of Congressional Support for Legislation Intended to Mitigate Greenhouse Gas Production"
531:
4623:
4414:
3346:
10563:
10387:
7691:
7654:
7508:
7493:
7402:
7051:
6995:
6199:
5819:
5398:
2342:
1981:
814:
cannot be met; but some countries still favour coal, and there is much disagreement about how quickly it should be phased out.
341:
1993:
for countries that don't curtail their greenhouse gas pollution at the same rate. The mechanism to achieve this is called the
9971:
9630:
9494:
8350:
7488:
6803:
6763:
6725:
6667:
6461:
5213:
4788:
4512:
4062:
3302:
1357:
17:
6809:
6320:
4537:"A Plan to Power 100 Percent of the Planet with Renewables" (originally published as "A Path to Sustainable Energy by 2030")
4030:
2771:
1680:
1045:, the vast majority of fossil fuel reserves owned by countries and companies as of 2021 would have to remain in the ground.
11297:
10694:
10362:
9936:
9207:
8624:
8372:
7318:
7313:
5190:
6063:
5697:"Majority of remaining fossil fuels must stay in the ground to limit climate crisis below critical threshold, study shows"
11699:
9941:
9046:
7853:
7631:
7449:
7371:
7361:
7344:
7251:
7058:
6750:
6577:
4156:
3928:
2293:
2132:
2021:
336:
283:
7376:
6225:
5839:
4999:
4978:
4605:
4536:
11769:
11075:
10754:
10470:
9353:
9240:
9154:
8469:
8282:
8143:
8100:
7596:
2982:
2443:
2327:
1994:
689:
361:
178:
6411:
5696:
2654:"Cutting with both arms of the scissors: the economic and political case for restrictive supply-side climate policies"
1291:
Seek formal legislation in affected countries that codifies reform pathways and reduces opportunities for backsliding.
934:
of about 500 g/kWh. Heating is also a major source of carbon dioxide emissions. Leaks are also a large source of
78:
11831:
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11591:
11222:
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8774:
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1907:
in Egypt, Saudi Arabian representatives pushed to block a call for the world to burn less oil. After objections from
1377:
248:
136:
6858:
6822:
6605:
5464:
5324:
4945:
4186:
1980:
a review and possible revision (where needed) of the all relevant climate-related policy instruments, including the
1382:
1285:
Countries should commit to a specific time frame for a full phaseout of implicit and explicit fossil fuel subsidies.
994:– countries with low or no fossil fuel deposits often transition away from fossil fuels to gain energy independently
11345:
11111:
10764:
10259:
9956:
9951:
9762:
9533:
8442:
8080:
8060:
8007:
7959:
7011:
6031:
4561:
3507:
2428:
1967:
1651:. Because some biofuels such as ethanol contains less energy, more "tankstops" might be necessary for such planes.
1346:
676:
5530:"Climate change and fossil fuel production cuts: Assessing global supply-side constraints and policy implications"
1274:
from new large-scale solar power in India and China has been below existing coal-fired power stations since 2021.
768:
11740:
11674:
10769:
10327:
10212:
10138:
8937:
8862:
8733:
8199:
8150:
7576:
7538:
7483:
6943:
5853:
5669:
1838:
1794:
569:
2142:
legislative plans have been proposed by multiple groups to phase out fossil fuels as fast as technology allows.
1700:
1386:
Sales of electric vehicles (EVs) indicate a trend away from gas-powered vehicles that generate greenhouse gases.
1361:
In 2020, renewables overtook fossil fuels as the European Union's main source of electricity for the first time.
11801:
11689:
11237:
11008:
10674:
10227:
10145:
10072:
8267:
7551:
7298:
6635:
1814:
In September 2021, the first scientific assessment of the minimum amount of fossil fuels that would need to be
1742:
1294:
Publish transparent formulas for market-linked pricing, and adhere to a regular schedule for price adjustments.
1021:
for each country) are substantially more than the cost of achieving the 2 °C goal of the Paris Agreement.
614:
4862:
3529:
1353:
reported that in 2022, global energy transition investment equaled fossil fuels investment for the first time.
1124:
785:
10445:
10342:
10332:
10254:
9635:
9109:
9041:
9031:
8907:
8807:
8462:
8377:
7912:
7444:
6156:"Research and development priorities for silicon photovoltaic module recycling to support a circular economy"
3210:
2934:
1271:
1108:
599:
5118:
4094:
2104:
1473:
The mitigation of peak oil is the attempt to delay the date and minimize the social and economic effects of
1402:
while also restricting use of ICE vehicles in the city center to limit air pollution. Many US states have a
1069:
39:
11806:
11217:
11212:
10749:
10734:
10183:
8962:
8922:
8499:
8360:
8032:
7561:
7556:
7461:
7328:
6885:
6712:
4588:"Report: New solar is cheaper to build than to run existing coal plants in China, India and most of Europe"
4209:
3150:
2471:
979:
5438:
11826:
11714:
11704:
11617:
11523:
11264:
11232:
9755:
9625:
9189:
9184:
8902:
8877:
8867:
8843:
8838:
8544:
7571:
7414:
6353:
5026:
3180:
2956:
2403:"Global Clean Energy Investment Jumps 17%, Hits $ 1.8 Trillion in 2023, According to BloombergNEF Report"
1847:
1655:
1208:
1089:
1038:
864:
818:
604:
366:
163:
131:, and fossil-fuelled electricity generation is thought to have peaked. But electricity generation is not
63:
2746:
960:
Fossil gas phase-out has progressed in some regions, for example with increasing use of hydrogen by the
11586:
10819:
10420:
10405:
10367:
10128:
10005:
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9104:
8822:
8792:
8569:
8430:
8194:
7997:
7954:
7727:
7649:
7503:
3662:
Ramanathan, V.; Haines, A.; Burnett, R. T.; Pozzer, A.; Klingmüller, K.; Lelieveld, J. (9 April 2019).
2382:"Global Low-Carbon Energy Technology Investment Surges Past $ 1 Trillion for the First Time - Figure 1"
1935:
1867:
1391:
1194:
664:
386:
306:
223:
67:
4504:
Sustainable Access to Energy in the Global South: Essential Technologies and Implementation Approaches
11496:
11320:
11191:
10724:
10465:
10269:
9159:
8648:
8609:
8299:
7974:
7949:
7922:
7884:
7801:
7619:
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7419:
7169:
6938:
6933:
6928:
5587:
Overland, Indra; Bazilian, Morgan; Ilimbek Uulu, Talgat; Vakulchuk, Roman; Westphal, Kirsten (2019).
5185:
Bond, Kingsmill; Butler-Sloss, Sam; Lovins, Amory; Speelman, Laurens; Topping, Nigel (13 June 2023).
4446:
3759:
2150:
1955:
1885:
1830:
1819:
1586:
1030:
1017:
the health benefits of phasing out fossil fuels measured in money (estimated by economists using the
584:
526:
476:
456:
186:
109:
7814:
5529:
4818:
2731:
1846:, energy company profits increased with greater revenues from higher fuel prices resulting from the
817:
As of 2018, 30 countries and many sub-national governments and businesses had become members of the
11501:
11290:
9134:
8942:
8882:
8539:
8309:
8304:
8294:
8235:
8075:
7581:
7546:
7429:
7356:
7197:
7026:
6962:
6923:
5666:"Fossil Fuel Exit Strategy: An orderly wind down of coal, oil, and gas to meet the Paris Agreement"
5665:
2277:
1855:
1227:
1034:
840:
said that countries should stop building new coal power plants from 2020 or face 'total disaster'.
825:
have not joined, and some countries continue to build and finance new coal-fired power stations. A
574:
481:
433:
351:
205:
128:
86:
6090:"Fossil fuels, stranded assets and COVID-19: Imagining an inclusive & transformative recovery"
2080:
target of achieving 40% of its total electricity generation from non-fossil fuel sources by 2030.
1803:
Fossil Fuel Exit Strategy: An orderly wind down of coal, oil, and gas to meet the Paris Agreement.
1489:. By reducing petroleum consumption, mitigation efforts seek to favorably change the shape of the
1350:
1259:
by the year 2030. It recommends transfer of energy subsidies from fossil fuel to renewable, and a
851:
countries should stop generating electricity from coal by 2030 and the rest of the world by 2040.
11443:
11242:
11116:
10173:
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10116:
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9867:
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6878:
4888:
4324:
2282:
2249:
2179:
to prevent the construction of new coal plants that do not have carbon capture and sequestration.
1406:
mandate, incrementally requiring a certain per cent of cars sold to be electric. The German term
1104:
889:
411:
5326:
The sky's limit: why the Paris climate goals require a managed decline of fossil fuel production
4472:
4380:
4300:"Nigeria's energy transition: reforming fossil fuel subsidies and other financing opportunities"
4108:
4044:
3438:
843:
In 2020, although China built some plants, globally more coal power was retired than built: the
11811:
11612:
11570:
11565:
11448:
11325:
10719:
10460:
10150:
10000:
9837:
9812:
9515:
9233:
8994:
8857:
8640:
8529:
8017:
7837:
7779:
7696:
7681:
7566:
7202:
7148:
7143:
7138:
7133:
7128:
7123:
3997:
2002:
1878:
1726:
1403:
1341:
1169:
927:
909:
536:
511:
421:
401:
371:
326:
253:
238:
31:
6027:
5203:
4709:"International Trade Governance and Sustainable Transport: The Expansion of Electric Vehicles"
3664:"Effects of fossil fuel and total anthropogenic emission removal on public health and climate"
11679:
11543:
11382:
11096:
10538:
10455:
10217:
10084:
10037:
10010:
9852:
9804:
9655:
9589:
9419:
9384:
8897:
8892:
8872:
8406:
8052:
7929:
7187:
7110:
6675:
3240:
2235:
1959:
1889:
1540:
1212:
1200:
985:
950:
859:
652:
471:
426:
121:
1881:
members is related to the preeminence of fossil fuel industries in their respective states.
1004:
11709:
11664:
11632:
11627:
11553:
11528:
11484:
10993:
10663:
10425:
10307:
10133:
10106:
10089:
10015:
9847:
9561:
9466:
8723:
8485:
8245:
8123:
7784:
7349:
7276:
6266:
6167:
5941:
5735:
5600:
5541:
5479:
5070:
4298:
Gencsu, Ipek; Walls, Ginette; Picciariello, Angela; Alasia, Ibifuro Joy (2 November 2022).
3971:
3875:
3675:
3093:
2665:
2257:
1793:
In June 2021 Dr Sven Teske and Dr Sarah Niklas from the Institute for Sustainable Futures,
1462:
1365:
844:
837:
516:
416:
356:
1368:
is complementary to the use of sustainable energy sources, when phasing-out fossil fuels.
1116:
or diesel) could be run on domestic energy resources, reducing the need for coal imports.
8:
11780:
11558:
11389:
11340:
11283:
11141:
11086:
11013:
10902:
10714:
10632:
10312:
10178:
9554:
9434:
9394:
9303:
9298:
9268:
9094:
8927:
8827:
8802:
8755:
8564:
8554:
8519:
8262:
8037:
7261:
7256:
5144:
4540:
4276:
2272:
2196:
2155:
1947:
1687:
1505:
1494:
1431:
991:
935:
629:
594:
589:
301:
113:
6270:
6171:
5945:
5739:
5604:
5545:
5483:
5074:
3975:
3879:
3679:
3097:
2669:
2495:
11684:
11622:
11410:
11399:
11377:
11372:
11361:
10988:
10410:
10020:
9920:
9778:
9620:
9487:
9404:
8968:
8579:
8090:
8022:
7939:
7789:
7754:
7711:
7706:
7701:
7266:
6191:
6135:
6122:
6089:
6015:
5769:
5557:
5495:
5096:
4624:"The European Power Sector in 2020 / Up-to-Date Analysis on the Electricity Transition"
3909:
3706:
3663:
3117:
2683:
2337:
2332:
2262:
2176:
1555:
1528:
1524:
1517:
1509:
1216:
931:
624:
564:
521:
396:
273:
216:
150:
sources in sectors such as transport and heating. Alternatives to fossil fuels include
147:
10435:
3730:"Rapid global switch to renewable energy estimated to save millions of lives annually"
3074:
1834:
Net income of the global oil and gas industry reached a record US$ 4 trillion in 2022.
1244:, whereas in developing countries, the poor pay high costs for low-quality services.
11821:
11659:
11533:
11426:
11335:
11136:
10264:
10239:
10042:
10027:
9546:
9439:
9318:
9226:
9119:
8999:
8604:
8324:
7987:
7732:
7498:
7281:
7244:
7031:
6985:
6799:
6759:
6721:
6546:
6284:
6195:
6183:
6139:
6127:
6109:
6023:
6011:
5773:
5761:
5753:
5561:
5499:
5367:
5100:
5088:
5059:"Preface to special issue on hybrid and hydrogen technologies for railway operations"
4784:
4776:
4518:
4508:
4243:
3913:
3901:
3893:
3767:
3711:
3693:
3312:
3109:
2845:
2597:
2496:"Nearly a quarter of the operating U.S. coal-fired fleet scheduled to retire by 2029"
1926:
1843:
1544:
1337:
954:
893:
729:
346:
233:
117:
55:
9424:
6155:
3121:
2687:
11735:
11730:
11516:
11511:
11394:
11350:
10963:
10684:
10287:
10205:
10123:
9961:
9842:
9409:
9068:
9009:
8713:
8708:
8685:
8594:
8534:
8367:
7934:
7917:
7858:
7749:
7513:
7227:
7100:
7036:
6274:
6175:
6117:
6105:
6101:
6019:
6007:
5949:
5908:
5898:
5743:
5618:
5608:
5549:
5487:
5264:"Existing coal, oil and gas fields will blow carbon budget – study"
5078:
4569:
4424:
3979:
3883:
3701:
3683:
3601:
3101:
2897:"Analysis: Why coal use must plummet this decade to keep global warming below 1.5C"
2673:
2029:
2010:
2006:
1974:
1623:
1582:
1578:
1551:
1513:
1409:
1395:
1252:
1113:
942:
721:
717:
619:
391:
263:
51:
6664:
5553:
5236:. London, UK and Brussels, Belgium: Greenpeace and Climate Action Network Europe.
5205:
5204:
Data: BP Statistical Review of World Energy, and Ember Climate (3 November 2021).
1818:
from extraction per region as well as globally, to allow for a 50% probability of
1247:
In 2009, studies have put forward a plan to power 100% of the world's energy with
11745:
11506:
11196:
11186:
10928:
10679:
10568:
10494:
10297:
10292:
10222:
10190:
10101:
9817:
9716:
9665:
9539:
9449:
9444:
9414:
9399:
9358:
9099:
9058:
9036:
8917:
8887:
8852:
8812:
8614:
8319:
8240:
8204:
8133:
8107:
8095:
8012:
7944:
7819:
7676:
7288:
7239:
7217:
6865:
6789:
6671:
5057:
Spiryagin, Maksym; Dixon, Roger; Oldknow, Kevin; Cole, Colin (1 September 2021).
4995:
3983:
2073:
2025:
2017:
1963:
1930:
1815:
1735:
1523:
Historically, world oil consumption data show that mitigation efforts during the
1478:
1278:
1264:
1120:
826:
811:
799:
776:
466:
461:
451:
321:
151:
71:
47:
5954:
5929:
5465:"Rapid fuel switching from coal to natural gas through effective carbon pricing"
5186:
4447:"Fossil Fuel to Clean Energy Subsidy Swaps: How to pay for an energy revolution"
3470:"Gas network chief: 'By 2050, we assume CO2 emissions from energy will be zero'"
945:. However this "bridge fuel" may significantly extend the use of fossil fuel or
46:
Companies, governments and households have been investing increasing amounts in
11750:
11033:
10953:
10943:
10933:
10874:
10849:
10558:
10499:
10430:
10317:
10302:
10111:
10049:
9794:
9582:
9480:
9429:
9368:
9124:
9114:
8912:
8524:
8272:
8128:
8070:
8065:
7907:
7796:
7528:
7523:
7518:
7366:
7303:
7041:
7021:
6980:
6901:
6848:
6279:
6254:
6221:
6056:
5991:
Cragg, Michael I.; Zhou, Yuyu; Gurney, Kevin; Kahn, Matthew E. (1 April 2013).
5748:
5723:
5428:
Granoff, Ilmi; Hogarth, James Ryan; Wykes, Sarah; Doig, Alison (October 2016).
5397:
Granoff, Ilmi; Hogarth, James Ryan; Wykes, Sarah; Doig, Alison (October 2016).
5083:
5058:
4489:
2030 to be on track with containing global warming to the Paris goal of 1.5-2C.
4416:
Climate Change 2001: IPCC Third Assessment Report Working Group III: Mitigation
4413:
Barker; et al. (2001). "9.2.1.2 Reducing Subsidies in the Energy Sector".
3888:
3863:
2139:
1627:
1600:
1592:
1562:
1520:
resources can extend the supply of petroleum, but does not reduce consumption.
1482:
1326:
1234:
964:(ENTSOG) and changes to building regulations to reduce the use of gas heating.
946:
807:
803:
752:
609:
559:
406:
376:
331:
228:
195:
155:
132:
59:
6179:
5613:
5588:
5491:
5437:. London, United Kingdom: Overseas Development Institute (ODI). Archived from
4148:
2678:
2653:
1854:
of projects shut down in Russia, and backing off from earlier plans to reduce
11795:
11489:
11438:
11101:
11058:
11023:
10652:
10533:
10506:
10440:
9832:
9711:
9696:
9363:
9328:
9323:
9313:
9144:
8932:
8817:
8797:
8728:
8718:
8675:
8559:
8514:
8345:
8277:
8002:
7824:
7809:
7744:
7639:
6752:
Renewables Global Futures Report: Great debates towards 100% renewable energy
6694:
6550:
6187:
6113:
5835:
5757:
5431:
Beyond coal: Scaling up clean energy to fight global poverty — Position paper
5371:
5092:
4522:
4247:
4076:
3897:
3771:
3697:
3316:
3307:
3045:"In coal we trust: Australian voters back PM Morrison's faith in fossil fuel"
2267:
2221:
1990:
1619:
1498:
1490:
1455:
1435:
1018:
579:
541:
258:
146:
Current efforts in fossil fuel phase-out involve replacing fossil fuels with
105:
85:
With increasingly widespread implementation of renewable energy sources, the
5640:"Revealed: the 'carbon bombs' set to trigger catastrophic climate breakdown"
4673:"Survey of Global Activity to Phase Out Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles"
3688:
3105:
2702:"Fossil fuel producers must be forced to 'take back' carbon, say scientists"
1226:
environmental damage. Removal of these subsidies would substantially reduce
11538:
11161:
11091:
10983:
10973:
10968:
10958:
10948:
10834:
10814:
10759:
10543:
10511:
10450:
10347:
10249:
10155:
10032:
9966:
9640:
9348:
9343:
9338:
9164:
9139:
9004:
8973:
8787:
8589:
8230:
8027:
7671:
7661:
7308:
7192:
7105:
6288:
6131:
5913:
5903:
5886:
5765:
4750:
4558:"Review of solutions to global warming, air pollution, and energy security"
4031:"Why France has a nuclear-powered economy — and America doesn't | AEI"
3905:
3715:
3113:
2415:
Start years differ by sector but all sectors are present from 2020 onwards.
2316:
2184:
2016:
The European Investment Bank contributed over €81 billion to help the
1908:
1859:
1779:
1596:
1427:
1399:
1260:
1173:
822:
499:
316:
4502:
2800:"Retired Coal-fired Power Capacity by Country / Global Coal Plant Tracker"
1622:
is another alternative under development in various countries, alongside,
11421:
11131:
11053:
11003:
10824:
10794:
10739:
10729:
10415:
10094:
10077:
9995:
9857:
9827:
9822:
9691:
9567:
8989:
8957:
8750:
8738:
8658:
8584:
8574:
8504:
8257:
7774:
7766:
7016:
5836:"Why are BP, Shell, and other oil giants making so much money right now?"
5623:
5589:"The GeGaLo index: Geopolitical gains and losses after energy transition"
5206:"Electricity consumption from fossil fuels, nuclear and renewables, 2020"
4325:"How Reforming Fossil Fuel Subsidies Can Go Wrong: A lesson from Ecuador"
4178:
2363:"Energy Transition Investment Hit $ 500 Billion in 2020 – For First Time"
2188:
2061:
2049:
1893:
1640:
1256:
1204:
1010:
885:
758:
741:
725:
506:
268:
101:
90:
9283:
6578:"All 30 million British homes could be powered by offshore wind in 2030"
5992:
4856:"Unconventional Liquid Fuels Overview. 2006 Boston World Oil Conference"
3342:
2573:"Renewables supply 30 per cent of global electricity for the first time"
2545:
2092:
1263:
reflecting its cost for flood, cyclone, hurricane, drought, and related
1057:
11306:
11181:
11048:
11038:
10804:
10642:
10548:
9731:
9726:
9473:
8952:
8947:
8760:
8743:
8599:
8454:
8289:
7666:
4861:. Association for the Study of Peak Oil & Gas - USA. Archived from
4124:"Analysis: Ukraine crisis could boost ballooning fossil fuel subsidies"
3862:
Welsby, Dan; Price, James; Pye, Steve; Ekins, Paul (8 September 2021).
3605:
2794:
2792:
1809:
1722:
1691:
1648:
1608:
1603:
fuel. There are, however, a number of possible alternatives. Among the
1288:
Clarify the language on subsidy reform to remove ambiguous terminology.
1281:
Center for Energy Studies suggested the following steps for countries:
1248:
381:
311:
278:
140:
6749:
4746:"Britain to ban sale of all diesel and petrol cars and vans from 2040"
3798:"Trends in global CO2 and total greenhouse gas emissions: 2019 Report"
2870:"New Coal-fired Power Capacity by Country / Global Coal Plant Tracker"
2304:
Measures taken to address the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
2158:. Ted Nation, a long-time environmental activist, beside protest sign.
2040:
Germany has pledged to become carbon neutral by 2045. Speaking at the
2001:
It also leans on Horizon Europe, to play a pivotal role in leveraging
11476:
11176:
10907:
10854:
10799:
10789:
10699:
10647:
10583:
10578:
10573:
10553:
10234:
9862:
9789:
9747:
9736:
9721:
9706:
9686:
8668:
8663:
8549:
8509:
7234:
6795:
6711:
5722:
Welsby, Dan; Price, James; Pye, Steve; Ekins, Paul (September 2021).
5586:
5230:
End of an era: why every European country needs a coal phase-out plan
4573:
3594:"Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reform Since the Pittsburgh G20: A Lost Decade?"
3593:
2057:
1851:
1612:
1532:
1486:
1215:
were $ 5.2 trillion in 2017, which was 6.4% of global GDP. Some
1162:
877:
5035:
3633:"Air pollution deaths are double previous estimates, finds research"
2789:
2243:
2024:. This comprised nearly €76 billion for initiatives related to
135:
fast enough to meet climate goals. Many countries have set dates to
11548:
11471:
11432:
11171:
11151:
11146:
11126:
11121:
10897:
10887:
10809:
10744:
10516:
10244:
10200:
10195:
10059:
9701:
9681:
9249:
8782:
1493:, which is the graph of real oil production over time predicted by
1474:
1439:
1423:
1390:
Many countries and cities have introduced bans on the sales of new
1158:
913:
897:
881:
872:
6620:
4351:"Fossil fuel industry gets subsidies of $ 11m a minute, IMF finds"
3273:"UN Secretary-General calls for end to new coal plants after 2020"
2926:
1565:
most mitigation discussions revolve around transportation issues.
10839:
10829:
10709:
10704:
10619:
9575:
8703:
8693:
7212:
6870:
6057:"Integrating Variable Renewable Energy: Challenges and Solutions"
5187:"Report / 2023 / X-Change: Electricity / On track for disruption"
5114:
4654:"Electric Vehicles Look Poised for Slower Sales Growth This Year"
4501:
Hostettler, Silvia; Gadgil, Ashok; Hazboun, Eileen, eds. (2015).
2215:
2167:
2162:
Prominent individuals supporting a coal moratorium or phase-out:
1604:
1574:
1313:
Document price and emissions changes with reporting requirements.
1241:
1131:
159:
6794:. Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Series (Third ed.).
6444:"Scholz: Germany Won't Delay Path to Climate Neutrality by 2045"
1888:, developing optimal national transition policies, transforming
1643:
flew on alternative fuel for the first time on 1 February 2008.
1450:
11453:
11156:
11043:
11028:
11018:
10978:
10892:
8698:
8225:
4179:"Data – Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development"
2957:"China's unbridled export of coal power imperils climate goals"
1938:. In 2021, coal mining was ordered to run at maximum capacity.
1644:
6854:
Big Shift: Campaign to end to public financing of fossil fuels
6853:
6462:"COP28: Germany's Scholz calls to phase out coal, oil and gas"
6303:"China coal output hits record in Nov to ensure winter supply"
5928:
Tvinnereim, Endre; Ivarsflaten, Elisabeth (1 September 2016).
5399:"Beyond coal: scaling up clean energy to fight global poverty"
5297:(Press release). Washington DC, US: Oil Change International.
5184:
5115:"Boeing announce plans to accelerate bio-jet fuel development"
4063:"America, the Netherlands, and the Oil Crisis: 50 Years Later"
2828:"Boom and Bust Coal / Tracking the Global Coal Plant Pipeline"
2521:"Australia hastens coal plant closures to catch up on climate"
2072:
India is confident of exceeding Paris COP commitments. In the
1764:
rich in renewable energy resources is expected to strengthen.
11275:
10938:
10912:
10882:
10844:
10784:
10779:
10774:
9660:
8139:
Cooperative Mechanisms under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement
7222:
6480:"India will exceed its climate commitments: PM Narendra Modi"
5159:"Share of cumulative power capacity by technology, 2010-2027"
4946:"President Discusses Advanced Energy Initiative In Milwaukee"
4297:
3661:
3592:
Krane, Jim; Matar, Walid; Monaldi, Francisco (October 2020).
2983:"Coal exit benefits outweigh its costs – PIK Research Portal"
2045:
918:
6844:
5930:"Fossil fuels, employment, and support for climate policies"
4849:
3560:"End fossil fuel subsidies and reset the economy – IMF head"
1626:
though hydrogen is actually an energy storage medium, not a
972:
Commonly cited reasons for phasing out fossil fuels are to:
11166:
11106:
10859:
10337:
9645:
9218:
8653:
6226:"Inside the Saudi Strategy to Keep the World Hooked on Oil"
6152:
5295:"Fossil Fuel Expansion Has Reached the Sky's Limit: Report"
4851:
4236:"Fossil fuel big five 'spent €251m lobbying EU' since 2010"
4210:"Fossil fuels are underpriced by a whopping $ 5.2 trillion"
2819:
2053:
1694:
power, are providing an increasing share of power capacity.
1659:
1550:
The most effective method of mitigating peak oil is to use
848:
27:
Gradual reduction of the use and production of fossil fuels
5390:
4819:"The Shape of World Oil Peaking: Learning From Experience"
4716:
International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development
4606:"Energy Transition Investment Now On Par with Fossil Fuel"
3960:
3929:"How much of the world's oil needs to stay in the ground?"
3403:"Natural Gas as a Bridge Fuel : Measuring the Bridge"
10998:
10864:
10637:
8315:
Illustrative model of greenhouse effect on climate change
5456:
5421:
5212:. Our World in Data consolidated data from BP and Ember.
5056:
2772:"EU's circular economy action plan released in 2020 A.D."
1615:
is already established to some extent in some countries.
1240:
In developed countries, energy costs are low and heavily
962:
European Network of Transmission System Operators for Gas
4608:. Bloomberg NEF (New Energy Finance). 10 February 2023.
2429:"Solar power got cheap. So why aren't we using it more?"
1673:
Reduction in fossil fuel capacity compared to renewables
1331:
10627:
5427:
5396:
4500:
11670:
International Conference on Population and Development
6539:"Japan will become carbon neutral by 2050, PM pledges"
5220:
5165:. International Energy Agency (IEA). 5 December 2022.
3439:"Stranded assets are an increasing risk for investors"
1307:
Launch a comprehensive public communications campaign.
100:
is the gradual reduction of the use and production of
8156:
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
6787:
5927:
5832:● Details for 2020 from the more detailed diagram in
5797:. International Energy Agency. May 2023. p. 61.
5780:
5171:
Source states "Fossil fuel capacity from IEA (2022),
4996:"EIA - International Energy Outlook 2007 - Figure 33"
4644:
4616:
4598:
3500:"Preparing Dutch homes for a natural gas-free future"
2338:
Repurposing offshore drilling rigs for storing carbon
2201:
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
1894:
responsibilities of fossil fuel extraction prevention
1458:, plotting crude oil production of a region over time
1137:
867:
discharges 4.9 million barrels (780,000 m).
11228:
International Association of Oil & Gas Producers
5813:
5811:
4013:"Unter Strom – wie die Schweiz elektrifiziert wurde"
3956:
3954:
2420:
2373:
2355:
2299:
Health and environmental impact of the coal industry
2211:
2123:
Japan has pledged to become carbon neutral by 2050.
1946:
At the end of 2019, the European Union launched its
1915:
1810:
Assessment of extraction prevention responsibilities
1371:
6691:
Atmosphere of Hope. Solutions to the Climate Crisis
6636:"Gore urges civil disobedience to stop coal plants"
5990:
5721:
5014:
3861:
3624:
3598:
Rice University's Baker Institute for Public Policy
1543:of a society can be maintained, and may affect the
89:has declined, most notably for energy generated by
9651:Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries
9597:The Power of Community: How Cuba Survived Peak Oil
6788:Kutscher, C.F.; Milford, J.B.; Kreith, F. (2019).
6255:"How China could be carbon neutral by mid-century"
5360:"Coal doesn't help the poor; it makes them poorer"
4744:Asthana, Anushka; Taylor, Matthew (25 July 2017).
4535:Jacobson, M.Z. and Delucchi, M.A. (November 2009)
2052:called for a phase-out of fossil fuels, including
6088:Rempel, Arthur; Gupta, Joyeeta (1 October 2021).
5808:
5638:Taylor, Damian Carrington Matthew (11 May 2022).
5197:
5141:"SECAF certifies synthetic fuel blends for B-52H"
4633:. Ember and Agora Energiewende. 25 January 2021.
4122:Browning, Noah; Kelly, Stephanie (8 March 2022).
3951:
3591:
2365:. Bloomberg New Energy Finance. 19 January 2021.
2191:with renewable sources of energy in twenty years.
1320:
976:reduce deaths and illness caused by air pollution
11793:
9334:Oil and gas reserves and resource quantification
8356:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
5351:
5318:
5316:
4913:
4907:
3246:European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
2444:"Lazard's Levelized Cost of Energy Version 14.0"
2288:Financial market impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
2032:throughout Europe and other parts of the world.
831:European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
5527:
5332:. Washington DC, US: Oil Change International.
5227:Jones, Dave; Gutmann, Kathrin (December 2015).
4077:"Why is cycling so popular in the Netherlands?"
3668:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
2427:Chrobak, Ula; Chodosh, Sara (28 January 2021).
2322:Prospective Outlook on Long-term Energy Systems
2290:– pandemic's effect on the fossil fuel industry
2187:, then CEO of Google, called for replacing all
1799:Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty Initiative
5887:"Electricity in Europe: exiting fossil fuels?"
5724:"Unextractable fossil fuels in a 1.5 °C world"
5462:
5286:
5255:
4886:
4880:
4781:Sustainable biofuels: prospects and challenges
3864:"Unextractable fossil fuels in a 1.5 °C world"
3303:"The dirtiest fossil fuel is on the back foot"
2464:
2426:
1788:
1015:London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
137:stop selling petrol and diesel cars and trucks
11291:
9763:
9234:
8470:
7091:History of climate change policy and politics
6886:
6816:
6665:"Google CEO ERic Schmidt offers energy plan,"
6627:
6599:
5884:
5820:"Big Oil doubles profits in blockbuster 2022"
5313:
4743:
4121:
2730:Bank, European Investment (2 February 2023).
1394:(ICE) vehicles, requiring all new cars to be
1029:Fossil-fuel phase-out is the largest part of
697:
5226:
5178:
5151:
4843:
4816:
4807:, 25 April 2008. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
2850:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2747:"Renewable energy – powering a safer future"
2651:
2441:● Chodosh's graphic is derived from data in
2395:
2078:Intended Nationally Determined Contributions
1634:
1415:
1407:
1024:
11695:United Nations world population conferences
9604:What a Way to Go: Life at the End of Empire
7208:Atlantic meridional overturning circulation
6575:
6087:
5663:
4916:"Oil Demand Is Dropping, but Prices Aren't"
4651:
3530:"Seattle Bans Natural Gas in New Buildings"
104:to zero, to reduce deaths and illness from
11608:Population and housing censuses by country
11298:
11284:
9770:
9756:
9241:
9227:
8477:
8463:
8437:
8425:
7882:
6893:
6879:
5357:
5032:California Environmental Protection Agency
4348:
3830:"COP26 Energy Transition Council launched"
3630:
3369:"COP26 Energy Transition Council launched"
3181:"Powering Past Coal Alliance members list"
2854:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2623:"No EU agreement on fossil phase-out text"
1858:. Record profits sparked public calls for
1647:also plans to use alternative fuel on the
1468:Source: International Energy Outlook 2004.
704:
690:
671:
659:
8177:
7983:Adaptation strategies on the German coast
7116:United Nations Climate Change conferences
6278:
6252:
6121:
5953:
5912:
5902:
5747:
5622:
5612:
5261:
5082:
4421:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
4045:"France Presses Ahead with Nuclear Power"
3887:
3705:
3687:
3211:"Powering Past Coal Alliance declaration"
3151:"Time for China to Stop Bankrolling Coal"
3073:
2677:
1986:a sustainable and smart mobility strategy
1769:decarbonisation plans that get to zero CO
1125:an ambitious plan to expand nuclear power
11331:Estimates of historical world population
8484:
7687:Co-benefits of climate change mitigation
6791:Principles of Sustainable Energy Systems
6688:
6062:. National Renewable Energy Laboratory.
5664:Niklas, Sarah; Teske, Sven (June 2021).
5292:
2949:
2379:
2149:
1837:
1829:
1712:
1461:
1449:
1381:
1356:
1345:
1217:fossil fuel companies lobby governments.
1033:as fossil fuels account for over 70% of
917:
910:Natural gas § Environmental effects
858:
735:
77:
38:
10690:China National Offshore Oil Corporation
8043:National Adaptation Programme of Action
7832:Land use, land-use change, and forestry
6634:Nichols, Michelle (24 September 2008).
6633:
6536:
6220:
5322:
4233:
4095:"The Danish Solution to the Oil Crisis"
3927:Damian, Carrington (8 September 2021).
3241:"The EBRD's just transition initiative"
2725:
2723:
2472:"Lazard LCOE Levelized Cost Of Energy+"
2154:Protest at the Legislative Building in
2003:national public and private investments
1531:lowered oil consumption, while general
1504:For the most part, mitigation involves
1043:1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels
532:Land use, land-use change, and forestry
14:
11794:
10564:Unconventional (oil and gas) reservoir
10323:2020 Russia–Saudi Arabia oil price war
9777:
7692:Economics of climate change mitigation
7655:Gold Standard (carbon offset standard)
7168:
6996:Scientific consensus on climate change
6859:"Global Fossil Infrastructure Tracker"
6646:from the original on 23 September 2016
6518:from the original on 28 September 2018
6248:
6246:
5817:
5657:
5637:
5301:from the original on 23 September 2016
5274:from the original on 23 September 2016
4652:McKerracher, Colin (12 January 2023).
4585:
4412:
4408:
4406:
3926:
3253:from the original on 26 September 2020
3013:"The Production Gap Executive Summary"
2384:. Bloomberg NEF (New Energy Finance).
2343:World energy resources and consumption
1568:
1195:Fossil fuel subsidies § Phase-out
1095:
342:Economics of climate change mitigation
116:. It is part of the ongoing renewable
11279:
9751:
9631:International Renewable Energy Agency
9222:
8458:
8351:Coupled Model Intercomparison Project
8176:
7881:
7617:
7167:
7079:
6960:
6912:
6874:
6486:from the original on 13 December 2020
6253:Mallapaty, Smriti (19 October 2020).
5859:. International Energy Agency. 2016.
5668:. Institute for Sustainable Futures,
5293:Turnbull, David (22 September 2016).
5262:Mathiesen, Karl (23 September 2016).
5216:from the original on 3 November 2021.
5169:from the original on 4 February 2023.
4670:
4660:from the original on 12 January 2023.
4640:from the original on 25 January 2021.
4349:Carrington, Damian (6 October 2021).
4207:
4189:from the original on 10 November 2020
3939:from the original on 19 November 2021
3612:from the original on 19 November 2021
3587:
3585:
3540:from the original on 16 February 2021
3467:
3349:from the original on 15 December 2018
3323:from the original on 19 November 2021
3079:"A roadmap for rapid decarbonization"
3025:from the original on 21 November 2019
2907:from the original on 16 February 2020
2460:from the original on 28 January 2021.
2439:from the original on 29 January 2021.
2380:Catsaros, Oktavia (26 January 2023).
2369:from the original on 19 January 2021.
1822:by 2050 to 1.5 °C was provided.
1686:Renewable energy sources, especially
1466:World energy consumption, 1970–2025.
1445:
1332:Phase-out of fossil fuel power plants
11764:
10695:China National Petroleum Corporation
8373:Representative Concentration Pathway
7314:Tipping points in the climate system
6990:Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere
6714:Renewables 2021 Global Status Report
6424:from the original on 24 October 2020
6392:from the original on 21 October 2020
6327:from the original on 29 October 2020
6321:"A new circular economy action plan"
5866:from the original on 26 October 2016
5833:
5703:from the original on 18 October 2021
5568:from the original on 3 November 2021
5409:from the original on 1 November 2016
5403:Overseas Development Institute (ODI)
5358:Nuccitelli, Dana (31 October 2016).
5339:from the original on 20 January 2020
5243:from the original on 17 October 2016
5002:from the original on 12 October 2007
4926:from the original on 12 October 2008
4758:from the original on 26 January 2019
4391:from the original on 31 October 2020
4159:from the original on 26 January 2021
4010:
3810:from the original on 31 October 2020
3643:from the original on 4 February 2020
3631:Carrington, Damian (12 March 2019).
3570:from the original on 28 October 2020
3221:from the original on 2 February 2019
2963:from the original on 6 December 2018
2833:. Global Energy Monitor. p. 3.
2777:from the original on 29 October 2020
2729:
2720:
2484:from the original on 28 August 2024.
2145:
2087:
2020:between 2017 and 2022, in line with
1141:
1052:
11700:Voluntary Human Extinction Movement
9309:Global energy crisis (2021–present)
8144:Nationally determined contributions
7854:Individual action on climate change
7059:World energy supply and consumption
6537:McCurry, Justin (26 October 2020).
6339:
6243:
6202:from the original on 21 August 2021
5842:from the original on 22 April 2023.
5830:from the original on 31 March 2023.
5804:from the original on 7 August 2023.
5694:
5676:from the original on 11 August 2021
5378:from the original on 9 January 2020
4952:from the original on 5 October 2017
4895:from the original on 27 August 2009
4794:
4770:
4612:from the original on 27 March 2023.
4529:
4403:
4361:from the original on 6 October 2021
4234:Laville, Sandra (24 October 2019).
4201:
3840:from the original on 6 October 2020
3379:from the original on 6 October 2020
2876:from the original on 19 March 2023.
2744:
2598:"Coal-Fired Electricity – Analysis"
2413:from the original on 28 June 2024.
2294:Global strategic petroleum reserves
2133:Energy policy of the United Kingdom
1903:According to the people present at
1414:("traffic transition" analogous to
1005:Air pollution § Health effects
337:Economic analysis of climate change
284:World energy supply and consumption
24:
10755:National Iranian South Oil Company
10471:Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin
9354:Renewable energy commercialization
9155:Renewable energy commercialization
8283:Fixed anvil temperature hypothesis
6900:
6758:. Paris: REN21 Secretariat. 2017.
6720:. Paris: REN21 Secretariat. 2021.
5528:Gaulin, N.; Le Billon, P. (2020).
5193:from the original on 13 July 2023.
5034:. 26 November 2012. Archived from
4671:Burch, Isabella (September 2018).
3582:
3419:from the original on 24 April 2017
3191:from the original on 27 March 2019
3131:from the original on 14 April 2021
2993:from the original on 24 March 2020
2840:from the original on 7 April 2023.
2806:from the original on 9 April 2023.
2764:
2694:
2645:
2629:. 20 February 2023. Archived from
2409:. Bloomberg NEF. 30 January 2024.
2388:from the original on 22 May 2023.
2328:Renewable energy commercialization
2199:, then executive secretary of the
1995:Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism
1801:they published a report entitled,
1138:Phase-out of fossil fuel subsidies
362:Environmental full-cost accounting
139:, but a timetable to stop burning
25:
11843:
11592:Population and Development Review
11223:Intercontinental Exchange Futures
11112:Chicago Bridge & Iron Company
10765:Oil & Gas Development Company
9274:Predicting the timing of peak oil
8210:Satellite temperature measurement
7815:forestry for carbon sequestration
7096:History of climate change science
6838:
6812:from the original on 6 June 2020.
6775:from the original on 12 June 2021
6737:from the original on 15 June 2021
6557:from the original on 6 April 2021
5463:Wilson, IAG; Staffell, I (2018).
4914:Marianne Lavelle (4 March 2008).
4831:from the original on 21 June 2007
4802:Biofuels are part of the solution
4586:Runyon, Jennifer (23 June 2021).
3778:from the original on 23 June 2019
3740:from the original on 2 March 2020
3468:Simon, Frédéric (27 March 2019).
2937:from the original on 28 June 2019
2477:. Lazard. June 2024. p. 16.
2310:Making Sweden an Oil-Free Society
2126:
1941:
1916:Major initiatives and legislation
1561:Because most oil is consumed for
1378:Phase-out of fossil fuel vehicles
1372:Phase-out of fossil fuel vehicles
823:countries which use the most coal
127:Many countries are shutting down
11776:
11775:
11763:
11640:Population concern organizations
11346:Projections of population growth
11260:
11259:
9534:A Crude Awakening: The Oil Crash
9282:
9203:
9202:
8623:
8436:
8424:
8413:
8412:
8400:
8061:Climate Change Performance Index
7440:Destruction of cultural heritage
6682:
6658:
6592:
6569:
6530:
6498:
6472:
6454:
6436:
6404:
6378:
6363:from the original on 16 May 2020
6347:"Coal Information Overview 2019"
6313:
6295:
6214:
6146:
6081:
6069:from the original on 21 May 2021
6049:
6037:from the original on 2 June 2018
6012:10.1111/j.1465-7295.2012.00462.x
5984:
5962:
5921:
5891:Oxford Review of Economic Policy
5878:
5846:
5715:
5688:
5631:
5580:
5521:
5323:Muttitt, Greg (September 2016).
5121:from the original on 6 July 2008
5022:"California Hydrogen Activities"
4562:Energy and Environmental Science
3480:from the original on 26 May 2019
3449:from the original on 10 May 2019
3283:from the original on 19 May 2019
3161:from the original on 6 June 2019
2570:
2242:
2228:
2214:
2091:
1699:
1679:
1146:
1056:
784:
767:
728:) are being developed to reduce
670:
658:
646:
11741:Human impact on the environment
11675:Population Action International
10770:Oil and Natural Gas Corporation
8200:Instrumental temperature record
8151:Sustainable Development Goal 13
6821:. Common Wealth. Archived from
6604:. Common Wealth. Archived from
5818:Bousso, Ron (8 February 2023).
5670:University of Technology Sydney
5509:from the original on 1 May 2019
5133:
5107:
5050:
4988:
4964:
4938:
4889:"Americans Using Less Gasoline"
4887:Frank Langfitt (5 March 2008).
4810:
4737:
4718:. December 2017. Archived from
4701:
4664:
4579:
4550:
4494:
4465:
4439:
4373:
4342:
4317:
4291:
4269:"Breaking up with fossil fuels"
4261:
4227:
4171:
4141:
4115:
4101:
4087:
4069:
4055:
4037:
4023:
4004:
3990:
3920:
3855:
3822:
3790:
3752:
3722:
3655:
3552:
3522:
3492:
3461:
3431:
3395:
3361:
3335:
3295:
3265:
3233:
3203:
3173:
3143:
3067:
3037:
3005:
2975:
2919:
2889:
2872:. Global Energy Monitor. 2023.
2862:
2802:. Global Energy Monitor. 2023.
2738:
2652:Green, F.; Denniss, R. (2018).
2615:
2590:
1898:active research and development
1795:University of Technology Sydney
1558:sources in place of petroleum.
1103:In Switzerland the decision to
570:Corporate social responsibility
58:and associated infrastructure,
11690:United Nations Population Fund
11305:
11238:Society of Petroleum Engineers
11009:Port Harcourt Refining Company
10675:Abu Dhabi National Oil Company
8268:Climate variability and change
7618:
7299:Retreat of glaciers since 1850
6576:Hanna Ziady (6 October 2020).
6106:10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105608
5885:Green, R; Staffell, I (2016).
5834:King, Ben (12 February 2023).
5788:"World Energy Investment 2023"
2564:
2538:
2513:
2488:
1936:the carbon captured and stored
1743:Overseas Development Institute
1321:Phasing-out specific processes
1161:format but may read better as
1130:The trend towards encouraging
926:Natural gas is widely used to
903:
829:from coal is supported by the
13:
1:
10184:Production sharing agreements
9636:Oil Depletion Analysis Centre
9150:Renewable Energy Certificates
9110:Cost of electricity by source
9032:Arc-fault circuit interrupter
8908:High-voltage shore connection
8378:Shared Socioeconomic Pathways
7913:Climate emergency declaration
6845:Oil Depletion Analysis Centre
6819:"The Green Recovery Act 2020"
6623:(Report) (II ed.). 2019.
6602:"The Green Recovery Act 2020"
5854:"Key World Energy Statistics"
5554:10.1080/14693062.2020.1725409
4423:. p. 568. Archived from
3051:. 19 May 2019. Archived from
2348:
1890:transportation infrastructure
1825:
1727:Climate Action Network Europe
1599:, oil has a unique role as a
1272:levelised cost of electricity
1048:
600:Socially responsible business
11218:Canadian petroleum companies
11213:American Petroleum Institute
10750:National Iranian Oil Company
10735:Kuwait Petroleum Corporation
9248:
9165:Spark/Dark/Quark/Bark spread
8963:Transmission system operator
8923:Mains electricity by country
8500:Automatic generation control
8361:IPCC Sixth Assessment Report
7587:Middle East and North Africa
6913:
6817:McGaughey, E.; Lawrence, M.
6600:McGaughey, E.; Lawrence, M.
5970:"The West's Nuclear Mistake"
5189:. Rocky Mountain Institute.
4920:U.S. News & World Report
4208:Irfan, Umair (17 May 2019).
4011:Boss, Stefan (8 July 2018).
3984:10.1016/j.energy.2017.03.017
2076:, India has committed to an
1958:which is looking closely at
1929:by 2060, which would need a
1925:China has pledged to become
1516:sources. The development of
7:
11715:World Population Foundation
11705:World Population Conference
11618:World population milestones
11233:International Energy Agency
10218:Enhanced oil recovery (EOR)
9626:International Energy Agency
9190:List of electricity sectors
9185:Electric energy consumption
8903:High-voltage direct current
8878:Electric power transmission
8868:Electric power distribution
8545:Energy return on investment
7435:Depopulation of settlements
7080:
6354:International Energy Agency
5955:10.1016/j.enpol.2016.05.052
5175:. IEA. Licence: CC BY 4.0."
5063:Railway Engineering Science
5027:California Hydrogen Highway
4149:"Energy subsidies – Topics"
3504:European Climate Foundation
2453:. Lazard. 19 October 2020.
2207:
2013:and the built environment.
2009:, low-carbon steel making,
1848:Russian invasion of Ukraine
1789:Renewable energy potentials
1209:International Monetary Fund
1090:renewable energy transition
1039:International Energy Agency
922:Natural gas well in Germany
865:Deepwater Horizon oil spill
819:Powering Past Coal Alliance
605:Sustainability organization
367:Environmental impact design
164:International Energy Agency
120:, but is being hindered by
10:
11848:
11587:Population and Environment
10820:PTT Public Company Limited
10421:East Midlands Oil Province
10406:List of natural gas fields
10006:Integrated asset modelling
9105:Carbon offsets and credits
8823:Three-phase electric power
8195:Global surface temperature
8086:Popular culture depictions
7998:Ecosystem-based adaptation
7728:Carbon capture and storage
7650:Carbon offsets and credits
6961:
6705:
6280:10.1038/d41586-020-02927-9
5749:10.1038/s41586-021-03821-8
5405:. London, United Kingdom.
5366:. London, United Kingdom.
5084:10.1007/s40534-021-00254-x
3889:10.1038/s41586-021-03821-8
2878:— Global Energy Monitor's
2808:— Global Energy Monitor's
2130:
2035:
2011:circular bio-based sectors
1868:primary energy consumption
1842:After recovering from the
1665:
1572:
1392:internal combustion engine
1375:
1335:
1324:
1192:
1002:
967:
907:
870:
756:
750:
739:
387:High-performance buildings
307:Carbon offsets and credits
224:Carbon capture and storage
68:carbon capture and storage
29:
11759:
11723:
11648:
11600:
11579:
11497:Human population planning
11462:
11408:
11359:
11321:Demographics of the world
11313:
11255:
11205:
11192:Weatherford International
11071:
10921:
10873:
10725:Iraq National Oil Company
10661:
10618:
10603:
10594:
10479:
10396:
10278:
10164:
10058:
9986:
9929:
9888:
9881:
9803:
9785:
9674:
9613:
9525:
9458:
9377:
9291:
9280:
9256:
9198:
9173:
9160:Renewable Energy Payments
9083:
9020:
8982:
8836:
8773:
8684:
8649:Fossil fuel power station
8639:
8632:
8621:
8492:
8407:Climate change portal
8394:
8333:
8300:Extreme event attribution
8218:
8187:
8183:
8172:
8116:
8051:
7973:
7923:School Strike for Climate
7895:
7891:
7877:
7846:
7802:Climate-smart agriculture
7763:
7720:
7630:
7626:
7613:
7537:
7390:
7337:
7180:
7176:
7163:
7086:
7075:
7004:
6973:
6969:
6956:
6939:Climate change adaptation
6934:Climate change mitigation
6929:Effects of climate change
6919:
6908:
6670:20 September 2012 at the
6621:Green New Deal for Europe
6180:10.1038/s41560-020-0645-2
5614:10.1016/j.esr.2019.100406
5492:10.1038/s41560-018-0109-0
5173:World Energy Outlook 2022
4381:"| Fossil Fuel Subsidies"
2679:10.1007/s10584-018-2162-x
2028:, energy efficiency, and
1956:Energy Taxation Directive
1886:variable renewable energy
1757:Fossil Fuel Cuts Database
1635:Alternative aviation fuel
1587:Hydrogen-powered aircraft
1270:Excluding subsidies, the
1025:Climate change mitigation
998:
585:Effects of climate change
527:Climate-smart agriculture
477:Sustainability accounting
457:Climate change litigation
201:Co-benefits of mitigation
187:Climate change mitigation
143:has not yet been agreed.
129:coal-fired power stations
11832:Environmental mitigation
11817:Technological phase-outs
11502:Compulsory sterilization
8943:Single-wire earth return
8883:Electrical busbar system
8540:Energy demand management
8310:Global warming potential
8117:International agreements
7764:Preserving and enhancing
7198:Arctic methane emissions
7120:Years in climate change
7027:Greenhouse gas emissions
6924:Causes of climate change
6864:10 December 2019 at the
4109:"Danish cycling history"
2278:Downshifting (lifestyle)
2083:
2067:
1982:Emissions Trading System
1920:
1856:greenhouse gas emissions
1228:greenhouse gas emissions
1035:greenhouse gas emissions
575:Corporate sustainability
482:Sustainability reporting
434:Verified Carbon Standard
352:Environmental accounting
206:Greenhouse gas emissions
169:
87:levelised cost of energy
30:Not to be confused with
11444:Malthusian growth model
11243:World Petroleum Council
11117:China Oilfield Services
10174:Petroleum fiscal regime
9873:Western Canadian Select
9868:West Texas Intermediate
9074:Residual-current device
9064:Power system protection
9054:Generator interlock kit
8341:Climate change scenario
7993:Disaster risk reduction
7645:Carbon emission trading
7455:U.S. insurance industry
7425:Civilizational collapse
7272:sea surface temperature
6373:peak production in 2013
5593:Energy Strategy Reviews
4473:"Fossil Fuel Subsidies"
3760:"Letters to the editor"
3689:10.1073/pnas.1819989116
3534:The National Law Review
3106:10.1126/science.aah3443
2313:– a mitigation proposal
2283:Eco-economic decoupling
2250:Renewable energy portal
1850:, falling debt levels,
1820:limiting global warming
1656:Fischer–Tropsch process
1170:converting this section
1031:limiting global warming
890:human-powered transport
777:Paris Climate Agreement
746:
446:Frameworks and treaties
11571:Zero population growth
11566:Sustainable population
11490:Malthusian catastrophe
11449:Overshoot (population)
11326:Demographic transition
10720:Indian Oil Corporation
10206:Submersible pump (ESP)
10151:Underbalanced drilling
9972:of gasoline and diesel
9516:Twilight in the Desert
8858:Distributed generation
8530:Electric power quality
8334:Research and modelling
8018:Nature-based solutions
7838:Nature-based solutions
7780:Carbon dioxide removal
7697:Fossil fuel divestment
7682:Climate risk insurance
7592:Small island countries
7203:Arctic sea ice decline
6689:Flannery, Tim (2015).
4592:Renewable Energy World
4556:Jacobson, M.Z. (2009)
3998:"Elektrifizierung 2.0"
3077:; et al. (2017).
2324:POLES, an energy model
2181:
2159:
1879:United States Congress
1863:
1835:
1718:
1470:
1459:
1416:
1408:
1404:zero-emissions vehicle
1387:
1362:
1354:
951:gas-fired power plants
923:
868:
854:
537:Nature-based solutions
512:Carbon dioxide removal
402:Public interest design
372:Fossil fuel divestment
327:Climate risk insurance
254:Low-carbon electricity
239:Fossil fuel divestment
94:
75:
32:Fossil fuel divestment
11802:Fossil fuel phase-out
11680:Population Connection
11544:Mere addition paradox
11383:Physiological density
11097:Cameron International
10539:Petrodollar recycling
10522:fossil fuel phase-out
10085:Differential sticking
10038:Reflection seismology
10011:Petroleum engineering
9853:OPEC Reference Basket
9656:Post Carbon Institute
9420:James Howard Kunstler
9385:Albert Allen Bartlett
9264:Fossil fuel phase-out
9130:Fossil fuel phase-out
8898:Electricity retailing
8893:Electrical substation
8873:Electric power system
8295:Earth's energy budget
8178:Background and theory
8066:Climate crisis (term)
7738:Fossil fuel phase-out
7632:Economics and finance
7597:by individual country
7539:By country and region
7514:Security and conflict
7509:Psychological impacts
7188:Abrupt climate change
7111:Charles David Keeling
6944:By country and region
6676:San Jose Mercury News
4680:Climateprotection.org
3836:. 21 September 2020.
3375:. 21 September 2020.
2236:Climate change portal
2173:
2153:
1960:fossil fuel subsidies
1841:
1833:
1775:have been presented.
1716:
1465:
1453:
1385:
1360:
1349:
1342:100% renewable energy
1325:Further information:
1213:fossil fuel subsidies
1201:fossil fuel subsidies
1107:virtually the entire
986:fossil fuel subsidies
921:
862:
736:Types of fossil fuels
472:Social responsibility
244:Fossil fuel phase-out
122:fossil fuel subsidies
98:Fossil fuel phase-out
81:
42:
18:Fossil fuel phase out
11710:World Population Day
11665:Church of Euthanasia
11554:Non-identity problem
11529:Political demography
11485:Human overpopulation
10994:Occidental Petroleum
10308:1990 oil price shock
10134:Shale oil extraction
10107:Drilling engineering
10090:Directional drilling
10016:Reservoir simulation
9590:PetroApocalypse Now?
9562:Escape from Suburbia
9467:The Limits to Growth
8486:Electricity delivery
8124:Glasgow Climate Pact
7785:Carbon sequestration
7350:Mass mortality event
6224:(21 November 2022).
5904:10.1093/oxrep/grw003
3564:World Economic Forum
3215:Poweringpastcoal.org
3185:Poweringpastcoal.org
2732:Energy Overview 2023
2258:Gas boiler phase out
2048:, German Chancellor
2042:COP28 climate summit
1962:and tax exemptions (
980:limit climate change
928:generate electricity
892:, public transport,
845:UN Secretary General
838:UN Secretary General
517:Carbon sequestration
357:Environmental design
249:Fossil fuel vehicles
110:limit climate change
11807:Emissions reduction
11559:Reproductive rights
11390:Population dynamics
11341:Population momentum
11142:Naftiran Intertrade
11087:Amec Foster Wheeler
11014:Reliance Industries
10903:Naftiran Intertrade
10715:Hindustan Petroleum
10313:2000s energy crisis
9555:The End of Suburbia
9435:Dale Allen Pfeiffer
9395:Kenneth S. Deffeyes
9304:2000s energy crisis
9299:1970s energy crisis
9269:Hubbert peak theory
9095:Availability factor
9047:Sulfur hexafluoride
8928:Overhead power line
8828:Virtual power plant
8803:Induction generator
8756:Sustainable biofuel
8565:Home energy storage
8555:Grid energy storage
8520:Droop speed control
8263:Climate sensitivity
8038:The Adaptation Fund
7494:Infectious diseases
7391:Social and economic
6697:. pp. 123–124.
6309:. 15 December 2021.
6271:2020Natur.586..482M
6172:2020NatEn...5..502H
5946:2016EnPol..96..364T
5740:2021Natur.597..230W
5605:2019EneSR..2600406O
5546:2020CliPo..20..888G
5484:2018NatEn...3..365W
5075:2021RailE..29..211S
4800:Gordon Quaiattini.
4541:Scientific American
3976:2017Ene...126..285H
3880:2021Natur.597..230W
3680:2019PNAS..116.7192L
3311:. 3 December 2020.
3098:2017Sci...355.1269R
3092:(6331): 1269–1271.
2903:. 6 February 2020.
2670:2018ClCh..150...73G
2633:on 20 February 2023
2273:Carbon-neutral fuel
2197:Christiana Figueres
2156:Olympia, Washington
1948:European Green Deal
1569:Mobile applications
1545:population capacity
1495:Hubbert peak theory
1432:natural environment
1096:Energy independence
992:energy independence
936:atmospheric methane
595:Ethical consumerism
590:Energy conservation
302:Building insulation
114:energy independence
11827:Petroleum politics
11685:Population Matters
11400:Population pyramid
11378:Population density
11373:Population decline
10989:Marathon Petroleum
10411:List of oil fields
10021:Reservoir modeling
9779:Petroleum industry
9621:Energy Watch Group
9488:The Long Emergency
9405:John Michael Greer
8969:Transmission tower
8580:Nameplate capacity
7834:(LULUCF and AFOLU)
7806:Forest management
7790:Direct air capture
7755:Sustainable energy
7712:Net zero emissions
7707:Low-carbon economy
7702:Green Climate Fund
7489:Indigenous peoples
7382:Plant biodiversity
7170:Effects and issues
6679:, 9 September 2008
6468:. 2 December 2023.
6450:. 5 November 2022.
6230:The New York Times
5444:on 2 February 2017
5210:OurWorldInData.org
5117:. 8 October 2007.
5038:on 23 January 2013
4817:Robert L. Hirsch.
4507:. Cham: Springer.
3606:10.25613/sk5h-f056
2333:Sustainable energy
2263:Backstop resources
2177:civil disobedience
2160:
2103:. You can help by
1954:a revision of the
1864:
1836:
1719:
1688:solar photovoltaic
1556:alternative energy
1518:unconventional oil
1471:
1460:
1446:Oil fuel phase-out
1388:
1363:
1355:
1172:, if appropriate.
1068:. You can help by
932:emission intensity
924:
869:
802:target of keeping
615:Consumer behaviour
565:Conscious business
522:Direct air capture
397:Low-carbon economy
274:Sustainable energy
148:sustainable energy
95:
76:
11789:
11788:
11660:7 Billion Actions
11534:Population ethics
11427:Carrying capacity
11336:Population growth
11273:
11272:
11251:
11250:
11137:Nabors Industries
11067:
11066:
10265:Well intervention
10240:Petroleum product
10139:Ljungström method
10043:Seismic inversion
10028:Petroleum geology
9982:
9981:
9745:
9744:
9526:Documentary films
9440:Richard Rainwater
9390:Colin J. Campbell
9319:Export Land Model
9292:Results/responses
9216:
9215:
9120:Environmental tax
9000:Cascading failure
8769:
8768:
8605:Utility frequency
8452:
8451:
8390:
8389:
8386:
8385:
8325:Radiative forcing
8168:
8167:
8164:
8163:
7988:Adaptive capacity
7873:
7872:
7869:
7868:
7733:Energy transition
7609:
7608:
7605:
7604:
7319:Tropical cyclones
7245:Urban heat island
7159:
7158:
7071:
7070:
7067:
7066:
7032:Carbon accounting
6986:Greenhouse effect
6952:
6951:
6805:978-0-429-93916-7
6765:978-3-9818107-4-5
6727:978-3-948393-03-8
6506:"INDC submission"
6265:(7830): 482–483.
6094:World Development
5734:(7875): 230–234.
5695:Ramirez, Rachel.
4789:978-0-85403-662-2
4777:The Royal Society
4631:ember-climate.org
4514:978-3-319-20209-9
4304:ODI: Think change
4097:. 10 August 2014.
3874:(7875): 230–234.
3674:(15): 7192–7197.
3445:. 21 March 2019.
3157:. 29 April 2019.
2880:Summary of Tables
2810:Summary of Tables
2745:Nations, United.
2708:. 12 January 2023
2571:Cuff, Madeleine.
2146:Voices of support
2121:
2120:
1844:COVID-19 pandemic
1624:hydrogen vehicles
1508:, and the use of
1506:fuel conservation
1426:, in the form of
1396:electric vehicles
1366:Energy efficiency
1338:Energy transition
1191:
1190:
1114:steam locomotives
1086:
1085:
955:reputational risk
894:electric vehicles
730:plastic pollution
714:
713:
347:Emissions trading
234:Energy transition
118:energy transition
112:, and strengthen
66:heating systems,
56:electric vehicles
16:(Redirected from
11839:
11779:
11778:
11767:
11766:
11736:Green Revolution
11517:Two-child policy
11512:One-child policy
11435:
11395:Population model
11351:World population
11300:
11293:
11286:
11277:
11276:
11263:
11262:
10964:Hess Corporation
10685:Bharat Petroleum
10616:
10615:
10601:
10600:
10288:1967 Oil Embargo
10124:Lost circulation
9962:Posted oil price
9886:
9885:
9843:Isthmus-34 Light
9772:
9765:
9758:
9749:
9748:
9502:The Party's Over
9410:Richard Heinberg
9286:
9243:
9236:
9229:
9220:
9219:
9206:
9205:
9115:Energy subsidies
9069:Protective relay
9010:Rolling blackout
8637:
8636:
8627:
8595:Power-flow study
8535:Electrical fault
8479:
8472:
8465:
8456:
8455:
8440:
8439:
8428:
8427:
8416:
8415:
8405:
8404:
8403:
8368:Paleoclimatology
8185:
8184:
8174:
8173:
7935:Ecological grief
7918:Climate movement
7893:
7892:
7879:
7878:
7859:Plant-based diet
7750:Renewable energy
7628:
7627:
7615:
7614:
7450:Economic impacts
7372:Invasive species
7228:Coastal flooding
7178:
7177:
7165:
7164:
7101:Svante Arrhenius
7077:
7076:
7047:from agriculture
7037:Carbon footprint
7022:Greenhouse gases
6971:
6970:
6958:
6957:
6910:
6909:
6895:
6888:
6881:
6872:
6871:
6834:
6832:
6830:
6813:
6784:
6782:
6780:
6774:
6757:
6746:
6744:
6742:
6736:
6719:
6699:
6698:
6686:
6680:
6662:
6656:
6655:
6653:
6651:
6631:
6625:
6624:
6617:
6615:
6613:
6596:
6590:
6589:
6587:
6585:
6573:
6567:
6566:
6564:
6562:
6534:
6528:
6527:
6525:
6523:
6517:
6510:
6502:
6496:
6495:
6493:
6491:
6476:
6470:
6469:
6458:
6452:
6451:
6440:
6434:
6433:
6431:
6429:
6423:
6416:
6408:
6402:
6401:
6399:
6397:
6382:
6376:
6375:
6370:
6368:
6362:
6351:
6343:
6337:
6336:
6334:
6332:
6317:
6311:
6310:
6299:
6293:
6292:
6282:
6250:
6241:
6240:
6238:
6236:
6218:
6212:
6211:
6209:
6207:
6150:
6144:
6143:
6125:
6085:
6079:
6078:
6076:
6074:
6068:
6061:
6053:
6047:
6046:
6044:
6042:
6036:
6006:(2): 1640–1650.
6000:Economic Inquiry
5997:
5988:
5982:
5981:
5979:
5977:
5966:
5960:
5959:
5957:
5925:
5919:
5918:
5916:
5906:
5882:
5876:
5875:
5873:
5871:
5865:
5858:
5850:
5844:
5843:
5831:
5815:
5806:
5805:
5803:
5792:
5784:
5778:
5777:
5751:
5719:
5713:
5712:
5710:
5708:
5692:
5686:
5685:
5683:
5681:
5661:
5655:
5654:
5652:
5650:
5635:
5629:
5628:
5626:
5616:
5584:
5578:
5577:
5575:
5573:
5525:
5519:
5518:
5516:
5514:
5508:
5469:
5460:
5454:
5453:
5451:
5449:
5443:
5436:
5425:
5419:
5418:
5416:
5414:
5394:
5388:
5387:
5385:
5383:
5355:
5349:
5348:
5346:
5344:
5338:
5331:
5320:
5311:
5310:
5308:
5306:
5290:
5284:
5283:
5281:
5279:
5259:
5253:
5252:
5250:
5248:
5242:
5235:
5224:
5218:
5217:
5201:
5195:
5194:
5182:
5176:
5170:
5155:
5149:
5148:
5147:on 3 March 2016.
5143:. Archived from
5137:
5131:
5130:
5128:
5126:
5111:
5105:
5104:
5086:
5054:
5048:
5047:
5045:
5043:
5018:
5012:
5011:
5009:
5007:
4992:
4986:
4985:
4984:on 14 June 2007.
4983:
4977:. Archived from
4976:
4972:"Proposition 87"
4968:
4962:
4961:
4959:
4957:
4942:
4936:
4935:
4933:
4931:
4911:
4905:
4904:
4902:
4900:
4884:
4878:
4877:
4875:
4873:
4867:
4860:
4852:RAND Corporation
4847:
4841:
4840:
4838:
4836:
4830:
4823:
4814:
4808:
4798:
4792:
4779:(January 2008).
4774:
4768:
4767:
4765:
4763:
4741:
4735:
4734:
4732:
4730:
4724:
4713:
4705:
4699:
4698:
4696:
4694:
4688:
4682:. Archived from
4677:
4668:
4662:
4661:
4656:. BloombergNEF.
4648:
4642:
4641:
4639:
4628:
4620:
4614:
4613:
4602:
4596:
4595:
4583:
4577:
4574:10.1039/b809990c
4554:
4548:
4533:
4527:
4526:
4498:
4492:
4491:
4485:
4483:
4469:
4463:
4462:
4460:
4458:
4443:
4437:
4436:
4434:
4432:
4427:on 5 August 2009
4410:
4401:
4400:
4398:
4396:
4377:
4371:
4370:
4368:
4366:
4346:
4340:
4339:
4337:
4335:
4321:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4310:
4295:
4289:
4288:
4286:
4284:
4275:. Archived from
4265:
4259:
4258:
4256:
4254:
4231:
4225:
4224:
4222:
4220:
4205:
4199:
4198:
4196:
4194:
4175:
4169:
4168:
4166:
4164:
4145:
4139:
4138:
4136:
4134:
4119:
4113:
4112:
4105:
4099:
4098:
4091:
4085:
4084:
4083:. 7 August 2013.
4073:
4067:
4066:
4065:. 26 April 2019.
4059:
4053:
4052:
4041:
4035:
4034:
4027:
4021:
4020:
4008:
4002:
4001:
3994:
3988:
3987:
3958:
3949:
3948:
3946:
3944:
3924:
3918:
3917:
3891:
3859:
3853:
3852:
3847:
3845:
3826:
3820:
3819:
3817:
3815:
3809:
3802:
3794:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3783:
3756:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3745:
3726:
3720:
3719:
3709:
3691:
3659:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3648:
3628:
3622:
3621:
3619:
3617:
3589:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3575:
3556:
3550:
3549:
3547:
3545:
3526:
3520:
3519:
3517:
3515:
3506:. Archived from
3496:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3485:
3465:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3454:
3435:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3424:
3418:
3410:Energycenter.org
3407:
3399:
3393:
3392:
3386:
3384:
3365:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3354:
3343:"Clean Vehicles"
3339:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3299:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3288:
3269:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3258:
3237:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3226:
3207:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3177:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3166:
3147:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3130:
3083:
3075:Rockström, Johan
3071:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3060:
3041:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3030:
3024:
3017:
3009:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2998:
2979:
2973:
2972:
2970:
2968:
2953:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2942:
2923:
2917:
2916:
2914:
2912:
2893:
2887:
2877:
2866:
2860:
2859:
2849:
2841:
2839:
2832:
2823:
2817:
2807:
2796:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2768:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2742:
2736:
2735:
2727:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2681:
2649:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2619:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2608:
2594:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2517:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2492:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2476:
2468:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2448:
2440:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2399:
2393:
2392:
2377:
2371:
2370:
2359:
2252:
2247:
2246:
2238:
2233:
2232:
2231:
2224:
2219:
2218:
2116:
2113:
2095:
2088:
2030:renewable energy
2022:EU energy policy
1975:circular economy
1900:on such issues.
1748:A 2018 study in
1703:
1683:
1597:ease of handling
1591:Due to its high
1583:Methanol economy
1579:Hydrogen economy
1514:renewable energy
1477:by reducing the
1419:
1413:
1186:
1183:
1177:
1168:You can help by
1150:
1149:
1142:
1081:
1078:
1060:
1053:
943:hydrogen economy
880:is refined into
788:
771:
722:biobased economy
718:circular economy
706:
699:
692:
674:
673:
662:
661:
655:
651:
650:
649:
392:Impact investing
264:Renewable energy
174:
173:
64:energy-efficient
52:renewable energy
21:
11847:
11846:
11842:
11841:
11840:
11838:
11837:
11836:
11792:
11791:
11790:
11785:
11755:
11719:
11653:
11651:
11644:
11596:
11575:
11524:Overconsumption
11507:Family planning
11464:
11458:
11431:
11415:
11412:
11404:
11366:
11363:
11355:
11309:
11304:
11274:
11269:
11247:
11201:
11197:John Wood Group
11187:Valaris Limited
11080:
11077:
11074:
11063:
10929:APA Corporation
10917:
10869:
10668:
10665:
10657:
10612:
10609:
10606:
10596:
10590:
10491:Classification
10475:
10398:
10392:
10328:Nationalization
10298:1979 oil crisis
10293:1973 oil crisis
10274:
10260:Water injection
10228:Steam injection
10223:Gas reinjection
10191:Artificial lift
10160:
10102:Drill stem test
10054:
9978:
9925:
9877:
9799:
9781:
9776:
9746:
9741:
9670:
9666:Transition town
9609:
9521:
9454:
9450:Matthew Simmons
9445:Michael Ruppert
9415:M. King Hubbert
9400:David Goodstein
9373:
9359:Rimini protocol
9287:
9278:
9252:
9247:
9217:
9212:
9194:
9178:
9176:
9169:
9100:Capacity factor
9088:
9086:
9079:
9059:Numerical relay
9037:Circuit breaker
9025:
9023:
9016:
8978:
8918:Load management
8888:Electrical grid
8853:Demand response
8846:
8841:
8832:
8813:Microgeneration
8765:
8680:
8628:
8619:
8615:Vehicle-to-grid
8488:
8483:
8453:
8448:
8401:
8399:
8382:
8329:
8320:Orbital forcing
8214:
8179:
8160:
8134:Paris Agreement
8112:
8108:Warming stripes
8047:
8013:Managed retreat
8008:Loss and damage
7969:
7903:Business action
7887:
7865:
7842:
7765:
7759:
7716:
7677:Climate finance
7622:
7601:
7533:
7386:
7362:Extinction risk
7338:Flora and fauna
7333:
7294:Permafrost thaw
7289:Ozone depletion
7218:Extreme weather
7172:
7155:
7082:
7063:
7000:
6965:
6948:
6915:
6904:
6899:
6866:Wayback Machine
6841:
6828:
6826:
6825:on 15 July 2020
6806:
6778:
6776:
6772:
6766:
6755:
6740:
6738:
6734:
6728:
6717:
6708:
6703:
6702:
6687:
6683:
6672:Wayback Machine
6663:
6659:
6649:
6647:
6632:
6628:
6619:
6611:
6609:
6608:on 15 July 2020
6597:
6593:
6583:
6581:
6574:
6570:
6560:
6558:
6535:
6531:
6521:
6519:
6515:
6508:
6504:
6503:
6499:
6489:
6487:
6478:
6477:
6473:
6460:
6459:
6455:
6442:
6441:
6437:
6427:
6425:
6421:
6414:
6410:
6409:
6405:
6395:
6393:
6384:
6383:
6379:
6366:
6364:
6360:
6349:
6345:
6344:
6340:
6330:
6328:
6319:
6318:
6314:
6301:
6300:
6296:
6251:
6244:
6234:
6232:
6222:Tabuchi, Hiroko
6219:
6215:
6205:
6203:
6151:
6147:
6086:
6082:
6072:
6070:
6066:
6059:
6055:
6054:
6050:
6040:
6038:
6034:
5995:
5989:
5985:
5975:
5973:
5968:
5967:
5963:
5926:
5922:
5883:
5879:
5869:
5867:
5863:
5856:
5852:
5851:
5847:
5816:
5809:
5801:
5790:
5786:
5785:
5781:
5720:
5716:
5706:
5704:
5693:
5689:
5679:
5677:
5662:
5658:
5648:
5646:
5636:
5632:
5585:
5581:
5571:
5569:
5526:
5522:
5512:
5510:
5506:
5467:
5461:
5457:
5447:
5445:
5441:
5434:
5426:
5422:
5412:
5410:
5395:
5391:
5381:
5379:
5356:
5352:
5342:
5340:
5336:
5329:
5321:
5314:
5304:
5302:
5291:
5287:
5277:
5275:
5260:
5256:
5246:
5244:
5240:
5233:
5225:
5221:
5202:
5198:
5183:
5179:
5157:
5156:
5152:
5139:
5138:
5134:
5124:
5122:
5113:
5112:
5108:
5055:
5051:
5041:
5039:
5020:
5019:
5015:
5005:
5003:
4994:
4993:
4989:
4981:
4974:
4970:
4969:
4965:
4955:
4953:
4944:
4943:
4939:
4929:
4927:
4912:
4908:
4898:
4896:
4885:
4881:
4871:
4869:
4868:on 21 July 2011
4865:
4858:
4848:
4844:
4834:
4832:
4828:
4821:
4815:
4811:
4799:
4795:
4775:
4771:
4761:
4759:
4742:
4738:
4728:
4726:
4725:on 31 July 2020
4722:
4711:
4707:
4706:
4702:
4692:
4690:
4689:on 24 July 2019
4686:
4675:
4669:
4665:
4649:
4645:
4637:
4626:
4622:
4621:
4617:
4604:
4603:
4599:
4584:
4580:
4555:
4551:
4534:
4530:
4515:
4499:
4495:
4481:
4479:
4471:
4470:
4466:
4456:
4454:
4445:
4444:
4440:
4430:
4428:
4411:
4404:
4394:
4392:
4379:
4378:
4374:
4364:
4362:
4347:
4343:
4333:
4331:
4323:
4322:
4318:
4308:
4306:
4296:
4292:
4282:
4280:
4267:
4266:
4262:
4252:
4250:
4232:
4228:
4218:
4216:
4206:
4202:
4192:
4190:
4177:
4176:
4172:
4162:
4160:
4147:
4146:
4142:
4132:
4130:
4120:
4116:
4107:
4106:
4102:
4093:
4092:
4088:
4075:
4074:
4070:
4061:
4060:
4056:
4043:
4042:
4038:
4029:
4028:
4024:
4009:
4005:
4000:. October 2021.
3996:
3995:
3991:
3959:
3952:
3942:
3940:
3925:
3921:
3860:
3856:
3843:
3841:
3828:
3827:
3823:
3813:
3811:
3807:
3800:
3796:
3795:
3791:
3781:
3779:
3758:
3757:
3753:
3743:
3741:
3728:
3727:
3723:
3660:
3656:
3646:
3644:
3629:
3625:
3615:
3613:
3590:
3583:
3573:
3571:
3566:. 3 June 2020.
3558:
3557:
3553:
3543:
3541:
3528:
3527:
3523:
3513:
3511:
3498:
3497:
3493:
3483:
3481:
3466:
3462:
3452:
3450:
3437:
3436:
3432:
3422:
3420:
3416:
3405:
3401:
3400:
3396:
3382:
3380:
3367:
3366:
3362:
3352:
3350:
3341:
3340:
3336:
3326:
3324:
3301:
3300:
3296:
3286:
3284:
3279:. 10 May 2019.
3271:
3270:
3266:
3256:
3254:
3239:
3238:
3234:
3224:
3222:
3209:
3208:
3204:
3194:
3192:
3179:
3178:
3174:
3164:
3162:
3149:
3148:
3144:
3134:
3132:
3128:
3081:
3072:
3068:
3058:
3056:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3028:
3026:
3022:
3015:
3011:
3010:
3006:
2996:
2994:
2981:
2980:
2976:
2966:
2964:
2955:
2954:
2950:
2940:
2938:
2925:
2924:
2920:
2910:
2908:
2895:
2894:
2890:
2868:
2867:
2863:
2843:
2842:
2837:
2830:
2824:
2820:
2798:
2797:
2790:
2780:
2778:
2770:
2769:
2765:
2755:
2753:
2743:
2739:
2728:
2721:
2711:
2709:
2700:
2699:
2695:
2658:Climatic Change
2650:
2646:
2636:
2634:
2621:
2620:
2616:
2606:
2604:
2596:
2595:
2591:
2581:
2579:
2569:
2565:
2555:
2553:
2552:. 2 August 2022
2544:
2543:
2539:
2529:
2527:
2519:
2518:
2514:
2504:
2502:
2494:
2493:
2489:
2481:
2474:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2457:
2446:
2442:
2433:Popular Science
2425:
2421:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2378:
2374:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2351:
2248:
2241:
2234:
2229:
2227:
2220:
2213:
2210:
2148:
2135:
2129:
2117:
2111:
2108:
2101:needs expansion
2086:
2074:Paris Agreement
2070:
2038:
2018:energy industry
1950:. It included:
1944:
1931:just transition
1923:
1918:
1852:tax write-downs
1828:
1812:
1791:
1772:
1736:Paris Agreement
1711:
1710:
1709:
1708:
1707:
1704:
1696:
1695:
1684:
1675:
1674:
1668:
1637:
1589:
1571:
1547:of the planet.
1529:1979 oil shocks
1448:
1380:
1374:
1344:
1334:
1329:
1323:
1317:
1279:Rice University
1265:extreme weather
1261:price on carbon
1211:estimated that
1197:
1187:
1181:
1178:
1167:
1151:
1147:
1140:
1121:1973 oil crisis
1109:railway network
1098:
1082:
1076:
1073:
1066:needs expansion
1051:
1037:. In 2020, the
1027:
1007:
1001:
970:
916:
906:
875:
857:
827:just transition
812:Paris Agreement
800:Paris Agreement
796:
795:
794:
793:
792:
789:
781:
780:
772:
761:
755:
749:
744:
738:
710:
647:
645:
644:
637:
636:
555:
554:Related content
547:
546:
502:
492:
491:
467:Paris Agreement
462:Ethical banking
452:Business ethics
447:
439:
438:
322:Climate finance
297:
289:
288:
219:
172:
152:electrification
133:moving off coal
72:hydrogen energy
48:decarbonisation
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
11845:
11835:
11834:
11829:
11824:
11819:
11814:
11809:
11804:
11787:
11786:
11784:
11783:
11773:
11760:
11757:
11756:
11754:
11753:
11751:Sustainability
11748:
11743:
11738:
11733:
11727:
11725:
11724:Related topics
11721:
11720:
11718:
11717:
11712:
11707:
11702:
11697:
11692:
11687:
11682:
11677:
11672:
11667:
11662:
11656:
11654:
11649:
11646:
11645:
11643:
11642:
11637:
11636:
11635:
11630:
11625:
11615:
11613:Largest cities
11610:
11604:
11602:
11598:
11597:
11595:
11594:
11589:
11583:
11581:
11577:
11576:
11574:
11573:
11568:
11563:
11562:
11561:
11556:
11551:
11546:
11541:
11531:
11526:
11521:
11520:
11519:
11514:
11509:
11504:
11494:
11493:
11492:
11482:
11474:
11468:
11466:
11460:
11459:
11457:
11456:
11451:
11446:
11441:
11436:
11433:I = P × A × T
11429:
11424:
11418:
11416:
11409:
11406:
11405:
11403:
11402:
11397:
11392:
11387:
11386:
11385:
11375:
11369:
11367:
11360:
11357:
11356:
11354:
11353:
11348:
11343:
11338:
11333:
11328:
11323:
11317:
11315:
11311:
11310:
11303:
11302:
11295:
11288:
11280:
11271:
11270:
11268:
11267:
11256:
11253:
11252:
11249:
11248:
11246:
11245:
11240:
11235:
11230:
11225:
11220:
11215:
11209:
11207:
11203:
11202:
11200:
11199:
11194:
11189:
11184:
11179:
11174:
11169:
11164:
11159:
11154:
11149:
11144:
11139:
11134:
11129:
11124:
11119:
11114:
11109:
11104:
11099:
11094:
11089:
11083:
11081:
11072:
11069:
11068:
11065:
11064:
11062:
11061:
11056:
11051:
11046:
11041:
11036:
11034:Surgutneftegas
11031:
11026:
11021:
11016:
11011:
11006:
11001:
10996:
10991:
10986:
10981:
10976:
10971:
10966:
10961:
10956:
10954:Eneos Holdings
10951:
10946:
10944:ConocoPhillips
10941:
10936:
10934:Cenovus Energy
10931:
10925:
10923:
10919:
10918:
10916:
10915:
10910:
10905:
10900:
10895:
10890:
10885:
10879:
10877:
10875:Energy trading
10871:
10870:
10868:
10867:
10862:
10857:
10852:
10847:
10842:
10837:
10832:
10827:
10822:
10817:
10812:
10807:
10802:
10797:
10792:
10787:
10782:
10777:
10772:
10767:
10762:
10757:
10752:
10747:
10742:
10737:
10732:
10727:
10722:
10717:
10712:
10707:
10702:
10697:
10692:
10687:
10682:
10677:
10671:
10669:
10662:
10659:
10658:
10656:
10655:
10650:
10645:
10640:
10635:
10630:
10624:
10622:
10613:
10604:
10598:
10592:
10591:
10589:
10588:
10587:
10586:
10581:
10576:
10571:
10561:
10559:Swing producer
10556:
10551:
10546:
10541:
10536:
10531:
10530:
10529:
10524:
10514:
10509:
10504:
10503:
10502:
10497:
10489:
10483:
10481:
10477:
10476:
10474:
10473:
10468:
10463:
10458:
10453:
10448:
10443:
10438:
10433:
10431:Gulf of Mexico
10428:
10423:
10418:
10413:
10408:
10402:
10400:
10394:
10393:
10391:
10390:
10385:
10380:
10375:
10370:
10365:
10360:
10355:
10350:
10345:
10340:
10335:
10330:
10325:
10320:
10318:2010s oil glut
10315:
10310:
10305:
10303:1980s oil glut
10300:
10295:
10290:
10284:
10282:
10276:
10275:
10273:
10272:
10267:
10262:
10257:
10252:
10247:
10242:
10237:
10232:
10231:
10230:
10225:
10215:
10210:
10209:
10208:
10203:
10198:
10188:
10187:
10186:
10181:
10170:
10168:
10162:
10161:
10159:
10158:
10153:
10148:
10143:
10142:
10141:
10131:
10126:
10121:
10120:
10119:
10112:Drilling fluid
10109:
10104:
10099:
10098:
10097:
10087:
10082:
10081:
10080:
10070:
10064:
10062:
10056:
10055:
10053:
10052:
10050:Seismic source
10047:
10046:
10045:
10035:
10030:
10025:
10024:
10023:
10018:
10008:
10003:
9998:
9992:
9990:
9984:
9983:
9980:
9979:
9977:
9976:
9975:
9974:
9964:
9959:
9954:
9949:
9944:
9939:
9933:
9931:
9927:
9926:
9924:
9923:
9918:
9913:
9908:
9903:
9898:
9892:
9890:
9883:
9879:
9878:
9876:
9875:
9870:
9865:
9860:
9855:
9850:
9848:Japan Cocktail
9845:
9840:
9835:
9830:
9825:
9820:
9815:
9809:
9807:
9801:
9800:
9798:
9797:
9795:Primary energy
9792:
9786:
9783:
9782:
9775:
9774:
9767:
9760:
9752:
9743:
9742:
9740:
9739:
9734:
9729:
9724:
9719:
9714:
9709:
9704:
9699:
9694:
9689:
9684:
9678:
9676:
9672:
9671:
9669:
9668:
9663:
9658:
9653:
9648:
9643:
9638:
9633:
9628:
9623:
9617:
9615:
9611:
9610:
9608:
9607:
9600:
9593:
9586:
9583:The Oil Factor
9579:
9572:
9565:
9558:
9551:
9544:
9537:
9529:
9527:
9523:
9522:
9520:
9519:
9512:
9505:
9498:
9491:
9484:
9481:The End of Oil
9477:
9470:
9462:
9460:
9456:
9455:
9453:
9452:
9447:
9442:
9437:
9432:
9430:Jeremy Leggett
9427:
9425:Jean Laherrère
9422:
9417:
9412:
9407:
9402:
9397:
9392:
9387:
9381:
9379:
9375:
9374:
9372:
9371:
9369:Swing producer
9366:
9361:
9356:
9351:
9346:
9341:
9336:
9331:
9326:
9321:
9316:
9311:
9306:
9301:
9295:
9293:
9289:
9288:
9281:
9279:
9277:
9276:
9271:
9266:
9260:
9258:
9254:
9253:
9246:
9245:
9238:
9231:
9223:
9214:
9213:
9211:
9210:
9199:
9196:
9195:
9193:
9192:
9187:
9181:
9179:
9175:Statistics and
9174:
9171:
9170:
9168:
9167:
9162:
9157:
9152:
9147:
9142:
9137:
9132:
9127:
9125:Feed-in tariff
9122:
9117:
9112:
9107:
9102:
9097:
9091:
9089:
9084:
9081:
9080:
9078:
9077:
9071:
9066:
9061:
9056:
9051:
9050:
9049:
9044:
9034:
9028:
9026:
9021:
9018:
9017:
9015:
9014:
9013:
9012:
9002:
8997:
8992:
8986:
8984:
8980:
8979:
8977:
8976:
8971:
8966:
8960:
8955:
8950:
8945:
8940:
8935:
8930:
8925:
8920:
8915:
8913:Interconnector
8910:
8905:
8900:
8895:
8890:
8885:
8880:
8875:
8870:
8865:
8863:Dynamic demand
8860:
8855:
8849:
8847:
8837:
8834:
8833:
8831:
8830:
8825:
8820:
8815:
8810:
8805:
8800:
8795:
8793:Combined cycle
8790:
8785:
8779:
8777:
8771:
8770:
8767:
8766:
8764:
8763:
8758:
8753:
8748:
8747:
8746:
8741:
8736:
8731:
8726:
8716:
8711:
8706:
8701:
8696:
8690:
8688:
8682:
8681:
8679:
8678:
8673:
8672:
8671:
8666:
8661:
8656:
8645:
8643:
8634:
8630:
8629:
8622:
8620:
8618:
8617:
8612:
8607:
8602:
8597:
8592:
8587:
8582:
8577:
8572:
8570:Load-following
8567:
8562:
8557:
8552:
8547:
8542:
8537:
8532:
8527:
8525:Electric power
8522:
8517:
8512:
8507:
8502:
8496:
8494:
8490:
8489:
8482:
8481:
8474:
8467:
8459:
8450:
8449:
8447:
8446:
8434:
8422:
8410:
8395:
8392:
8391:
8388:
8387:
8384:
8383:
8381:
8380:
8375:
8370:
8365:
8364:
8363:
8353:
8348:
8343:
8337:
8335:
8331:
8330:
8328:
8327:
8322:
8317:
8312:
8307:
8302:
8297:
8292:
8287:
8286:
8285:
8275:
8273:Cloud feedback
8270:
8265:
8260:
8255:
8254:
8253:
8248:
8243:
8238:
8228:
8222:
8220:
8216:
8215:
8213:
8212:
8207:
8202:
8197:
8191:
8189:
8181:
8180:
8170:
8169:
8166:
8165:
8162:
8161:
8159:
8158:
8153:
8148:
8147:
8146:
8141:
8131:
8129:Kyoto Protocol
8126:
8120:
8118:
8114:
8113:
8111:
8110:
8105:
8104:
8103:
8098:
8093:
8083:
8081:Media coverage
8078:
8073:
8071:Climate spiral
8068:
8063:
8057:
8055:
8049:
8048:
8046:
8045:
8040:
8035:
8030:
8025:
8020:
8015:
8010:
8005:
8000:
7995:
7990:
7985:
7979:
7977:
7971:
7970:
7968:
7967:
7962:
7960:Public opinion
7957:
7952:
7947:
7942:
7937:
7932:
7927:
7926:
7925:
7915:
7910:
7908:Climate action
7905:
7899:
7897:
7889:
7888:
7875:
7874:
7871:
7870:
7867:
7866:
7864:
7863:
7862:
7861:
7850:
7848:
7844:
7843:
7841:
7840:
7835:
7829:
7828:
7827:
7822:
7820:REDD and REDD+
7817:
7812:
7804:
7799:
7797:Carbon farming
7794:
7793:
7792:
7787:
7777:
7771:
7769:
7761:
7760:
7758:
7757:
7752:
7747:
7742:
7741:
7740:
7730:
7724:
7722:
7718:
7717:
7715:
7714:
7709:
7704:
7699:
7694:
7689:
7684:
7679:
7674:
7669:
7664:
7659:
7658:
7657:
7647:
7642:
7636:
7634:
7624:
7623:
7611:
7610:
7607:
7606:
7603:
7602:
7600:
7599:
7594:
7589:
7584:
7579:
7574:
7569:
7564:
7559:
7554:
7549:
7543:
7541:
7535:
7534:
7532:
7531:
7529:Water security
7526:
7524:Water scarcity
7521:
7519:Urban flooding
7516:
7511:
7506:
7501:
7496:
7491:
7486:
7481:
7480:
7479:
7469:
7464:
7459:
7458:
7457:
7447:
7442:
7437:
7432:
7427:
7422:
7417:
7412:
7411:
7410:
7405:
7394:
7392:
7388:
7387:
7385:
7384:
7379:
7374:
7369:
7367:Forest dieback
7364:
7359:
7354:
7353:
7352:
7341:
7339:
7335:
7334:
7332:
7331:
7326:
7321:
7316:
7311:
7306:
7304:Sea level rise
7301:
7296:
7291:
7286:
7285:
7284:
7279:
7277:stratification
7274:
7269:
7264:
7259:
7249:
7248:
7247:
7242:
7232:
7231:
7230:
7220:
7215:
7210:
7205:
7200:
7195:
7190:
7184:
7182:
7174:
7173:
7161:
7160:
7157:
7156:
7154:
7153:
7152:
7151:
7146:
7141:
7136:
7131:
7126:
7118:
7113:
7108:
7103:
7098:
7093:
7087:
7084:
7083:
7073:
7072:
7069:
7068:
7065:
7064:
7062:
7061:
7056:
7055:
7054:
7049:
7044:
7042:Carbon leakage
7039:
7034:
7024:
7019:
7014:
7008:
7006:
7002:
7001:
6999:
6998:
6993:
6983:
6981:Climate system
6977:
6975:
6967:
6966:
6954:
6953:
6950:
6949:
6947:
6946:
6941:
6936:
6931:
6926:
6920:
6917:
6916:
6906:
6905:
6902:Climate change
6898:
6897:
6890:
6883:
6875:
6869:
6868:
6856:
6851:
6849:United Kingdom
6840:
6839:External links
6837:
6836:
6835:
6814:
6804:
6785:
6764:
6747:
6726:
6707:
6704:
6701:
6700:
6681:
6657:
6626:
6591:
6568:
6529:
6497:
6471:
6466:Deutsche Welle
6453:
6435:
6403:
6377:
6338:
6312:
6294:
6242:
6213:
6166:(7): 502–510.
6145:
6080:
6048:
5983:
5961:
5920:
5897:(2): 282–303.
5877:
5845:
5807:
5779:
5714:
5687:
5656:
5630:
5579:
5540:(8): 888–901.
5534:Climate Policy
5520:
5478:(5): 365–372.
5455:
5420:
5389:
5350:
5312:
5285:
5270:. London, UK.
5254:
5219:
5196:
5177:
5150:
5132:
5106:
5049:
5013:
4987:
4963:
4937:
4906:
4879:
4842:
4809:
4793:
4769:
4736:
4700:
4663:
4643:
4615:
4597:
4578:
4549:
4528:
4513:
4493:
4464:
4438:
4402:
4372:
4341:
4316:
4290:
4279:on 3 June 2023
4260:
4226:
4200:
4170:
4140:
4114:
4100:
4086:
4068:
4054:
4036:
4022:
4003:
3989:
3950:
3919:
3854:
3821:
3789:
3766:. 9 May 2019.
3751:
3721:
3654:
3623:
3581:
3551:
3521:
3510:on 26 May 2019
3491:
3460:
3430:
3394:
3360:
3334:
3294:
3277:Business Green
3264:
3232:
3202:
3172:
3142:
3066:
3055:on 28 May 2019
3036:
3004:
2987:pik-potsdam.de
2974:
2948:
2918:
2888:
2861:
2818:
2788:
2763:
2751:United Nations
2737:
2719:
2693:
2644:
2614:
2589:
2563:
2537:
2512:
2487:
2463:
2419:
2394:
2372:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2346:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2319:
2314:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2239:
2225:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2204:
2193:
2192:
2172:
2171:
2166:US politician
2147:
2144:
2140:green recovery
2128:
2127:United Kingdom
2125:
2119:
2118:
2098:
2096:
2085:
2082:
2069:
2066:
2037:
2034:
1999:
1998:
1991:carbon tariffs
1987:
1984:
1978:
1971:
1943:
1942:European Union
1940:
1927:carbon neutral
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1870:of the world.
1860:windfall taxes
1827:
1824:
1811:
1808:
1790:
1787:
1770:
1705:
1698:
1697:
1685:
1678:
1677:
1676:
1672:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1636:
1633:
1628:primary energy
1601:transportation
1593:energy density
1570:
1567:
1563:transportation
1447:
1444:
1400:electric buses
1376:Main article:
1373:
1370:
1333:
1330:
1327:Coal phase-out
1322:
1319:
1315:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1235:carbon leakage
1189:
1188:
1154:
1152:
1145:
1139:
1136:
1097:
1094:
1084:
1083:
1063:
1061:
1050:
1047:
1026:
1023:
1000:
997:
996:
995:
988:
982:
977:
969:
966:
905:
902:
856:
853:
847:has said that
808:primary energy
804:global warming
790:
783:
782:
773:
766:
765:
764:
763:
762:
753:Coal phase-out
751:Main article:
748:
745:
740:Main article:
737:
734:
712:
711:
709:
708:
701:
694:
686:
683:
682:
681:
680:
668:
656:
639:
638:
635:
634:
633:
632:
627:
622:
617:
607:
602:
597:
592:
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
560:Climate action
556:
553:
552:
549:
548:
545:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
503:
498:
497:
494:
493:
490:
489:
484:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
448:
445:
444:
441:
440:
437:
436:
431:
430:
429:
424:
419:
414:
407:Sustainability
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
377:Green building
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
332:Eco-capitalism
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
298:
295:
294:
291:
290:
287:
286:
281:
276:
271:
266:
261:
256:
251:
246:
241:
236:
231:
229:Coal phase-out
226:
220:
215:
214:
211:
210:
209:
208:
203:
198:
196:Climate change
190:
189:
183:
182:
171:
168:
156:green hydrogen
60:energy storage
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
11844:
11833:
11830:
11828:
11825:
11823:
11820:
11818:
11815:
11813:
11812:Energy policy
11810:
11808:
11805:
11803:
11800:
11799:
11797:
11782:
11774:
11772:
11771:
11762:
11761:
11758:
11752:
11749:
11747:
11744:
11742:
11739:
11737:
11734:
11732:
11731:Bennett's law
11729:
11728:
11726:
11722:
11716:
11713:
11711:
11708:
11706:
11703:
11701:
11698:
11696:
11693:
11691:
11688:
11686:
11683:
11681:
11678:
11676:
11673:
11671:
11668:
11666:
11663:
11661:
11658:
11657:
11655:
11652:organizations
11647:
11641:
11638:
11634:
11631:
11629:
11626:
11624:
11621:
11620:
11619:
11616:
11614:
11611:
11609:
11606:
11605:
11603:
11599:
11593:
11590:
11588:
11585:
11584:
11582:
11578:
11572:
11569:
11567:
11564:
11560:
11557:
11555:
11552:
11550:
11547:
11545:
11542:
11540:
11537:
11536:
11535:
11532:
11530:
11527:
11525:
11522:
11518:
11515:
11513:
11510:
11508:
11505:
11503:
11500:
11499:
11498:
11495:
11491:
11488:
11487:
11486:
11483:
11481:
11479:
11475:
11473:
11470:
11469:
11467:
11461:
11455:
11452:
11450:
11447:
11445:
11442:
11440:
11439:Kaya identity
11437:
11434:
11430:
11428:
11425:
11423:
11420:
11419:
11417:
11414:
11407:
11401:
11398:
11396:
11393:
11391:
11388:
11384:
11381:
11380:
11379:
11376:
11374:
11371:
11370:
11368:
11365:
11358:
11352:
11349:
11347:
11344:
11342:
11339:
11337:
11334:
11332:
11329:
11327:
11324:
11322:
11319:
11318:
11316:
11312:
11308:
11301:
11296:
11294:
11289:
11287:
11282:
11281:
11278:
11266:
11258:
11257:
11254:
11244:
11241:
11239:
11236:
11234:
11231:
11229:
11226:
11224:
11221:
11219:
11216:
11214:
11211:
11210:
11208:
11204:
11198:
11195:
11193:
11190:
11188:
11185:
11183:
11180:
11178:
11175:
11173:
11170:
11168:
11165:
11163:
11160:
11158:
11155:
11153:
11150:
11148:
11145:
11143:
11140:
11138:
11135:
11133:
11130:
11128:
11125:
11123:
11120:
11118:
11115:
11113:
11110:
11108:
11105:
11103:
11100:
11098:
11095:
11093:
11090:
11088:
11085:
11084:
11082:
11079:
11070:
11060:
11059:Valero Energy
11057:
11055:
11052:
11050:
11047:
11045:
11042:
11040:
11037:
11035:
11032:
11030:
11027:
11025:
11024:Suncor Energy
11022:
11020:
11017:
11015:
11012:
11010:
11007:
11005:
11002:
11000:
10997:
10995:
10992:
10990:
10987:
10985:
10982:
10980:
10977:
10975:
10972:
10970:
10967:
10965:
10962:
10960:
10957:
10955:
10952:
10950:
10947:
10945:
10942:
10940:
10937:
10935:
10932:
10930:
10927:
10926:
10924:
10920:
10914:
10911:
10909:
10906:
10904:
10901:
10899:
10896:
10894:
10891:
10889:
10886:
10884:
10881:
10880:
10878:
10876:
10872:
10866:
10863:
10861:
10858:
10856:
10853:
10851:
10848:
10846:
10843:
10841:
10838:
10836:
10833:
10831:
10828:
10826:
10823:
10821:
10818:
10816:
10813:
10811:
10808:
10806:
10803:
10801:
10798:
10796:
10793:
10791:
10788:
10786:
10783:
10781:
10778:
10776:
10773:
10771:
10768:
10766:
10763:
10761:
10758:
10756:
10753:
10751:
10748:
10746:
10743:
10741:
10738:
10736:
10733:
10731:
10728:
10726:
10723:
10721:
10718:
10716:
10713:
10711:
10708:
10706:
10703:
10701:
10698:
10696:
10693:
10691:
10688:
10686:
10683:
10681:
10678:
10676:
10673:
10672:
10670:
10667:
10660:
10654:
10653:TotalEnergies
10651:
10649:
10646:
10644:
10641:
10639:
10636:
10634:
10631:
10629:
10626:
10625:
10623:
10621:
10617:
10614:
10611:
10602:
10599:
10597:organisations
10595:Companies and
10593:
10585:
10582:
10580:
10577:
10575:
10572:
10570:
10567:
10566:
10565:
10562:
10560:
10557:
10555:
10552:
10550:
10547:
10545:
10542:
10540:
10537:
10535:
10534:Petrocurrency
10532:
10528:
10525:
10523:
10520:
10519:
10518:
10515:
10513:
10510:
10508:
10507:Oil shale gas
10505:
10501:
10498:
10496:
10493:
10492:
10490:
10488:
10487:Abbreviations
10485:
10484:
10482:
10478:
10472:
10469:
10467:
10464:
10462:
10459:
10457:
10454:
10452:
10449:
10447:
10446:Permian Basin
10444:
10442:
10439:
10437:
10434:
10432:
10429:
10427:
10424:
10422:
10419:
10417:
10414:
10412:
10409:
10407:
10404:
10403:
10401:
10395:
10389:
10386:
10384:
10383:United States
10381:
10379:
10376:
10374:
10371:
10369:
10366:
10364:
10361:
10359:
10356:
10354:
10351:
10349:
10346:
10344:
10343:Seven Sisters
10341:
10339:
10336:
10334:
10331:
10329:
10326:
10324:
10321:
10319:
10316:
10314:
10311:
10309:
10306:
10304:
10301:
10299:
10296:
10294:
10291:
10289:
10286:
10285:
10283:
10281:
10277:
10271:
10268:
10266:
10263:
10261:
10258:
10256:
10253:
10251:
10248:
10246:
10243:
10241:
10238:
10236:
10233:
10229:
10226:
10224:
10221:
10220:
10219:
10216:
10214:
10211:
10207:
10204:
10202:
10199:
10197:
10194:
10193:
10192:
10189:
10185:
10182:
10180:
10177:
10176:
10175:
10172:
10171:
10169:
10167:
10163:
10157:
10154:
10152:
10149:
10147:
10144:
10140:
10137:
10136:
10135:
10132:
10130:
10127:
10125:
10122:
10118:
10115:
10114:
10113:
10110:
10108:
10105:
10103:
10100:
10096:
10093:
10092:
10091:
10088:
10086:
10083:
10079:
10076:
10075:
10074:
10071:
10069:
10066:
10065:
10063:
10061:
10057:
10051:
10048:
10044:
10041:
10040:
10039:
10036:
10034:
10031:
10029:
10026:
10022:
10019:
10017:
10014:
10013:
10012:
10009:
10007:
10004:
10002:
9999:
9997:
9996:Core sampling
9994:
9993:
9991:
9989:
9985:
9973:
9970:
9969:
9968:
9965:
9963:
9960:
9958:
9955:
9953:
9950:
9948:
9945:
9943:
9940:
9938:
9935:
9934:
9932:
9928:
9922:
9919:
9917:
9914:
9912:
9909:
9907:
9904:
9902:
9899:
9897:
9894:
9893:
9891:
9887:
9884:
9880:
9874:
9871:
9869:
9866:
9864:
9861:
9859:
9856:
9854:
9851:
9849:
9846:
9844:
9841:
9839:
9836:
9834:
9833:Indian Basket
9831:
9829:
9826:
9824:
9821:
9819:
9816:
9814:
9811:
9810:
9808:
9806:
9802:
9796:
9793:
9791:
9788:
9787:
9784:
9780:
9773:
9768:
9766:
9761:
9759:
9754:
9753:
9750:
9738:
9735:
9733:
9730:
9728:
9725:
9723:
9720:
9718:
9715:
9713:
9710:
9708:
9705:
9703:
9700:
9698:
9695:
9693:
9690:
9688:
9685:
9683:
9680:
9679:
9677:
9673:
9667:
9664:
9662:
9659:
9657:
9654:
9652:
9649:
9647:
9644:
9642:
9639:
9637:
9634:
9632:
9629:
9627:
9624:
9622:
9619:
9618:
9616:
9614:Organizations
9612:
9606:
9605:
9601:
9599:
9598:
9594:
9592:
9591:
9587:
9585:
9584:
9580:
9578:
9577:
9573:
9571:
9570:
9566:
9564:
9563:
9559:
9557:
9556:
9552:
9550:
9549:
9545:
9543:
9542:
9538:
9536:
9535:
9531:
9530:
9528:
9524:
9518:
9517:
9513:
9511:
9510:
9506:
9504:
9503:
9499:
9497:
9496:
9492:
9490:
9489:
9485:
9483:
9482:
9478:
9476:
9475:
9471:
9469:
9468:
9464:
9463:
9461:
9457:
9451:
9448:
9446:
9443:
9441:
9438:
9436:
9433:
9431:
9428:
9426:
9423:
9421:
9418:
9416:
9413:
9411:
9408:
9406:
9403:
9401:
9398:
9396:
9393:
9391:
9388:
9386:
9383:
9382:
9380:
9376:
9370:
9367:
9365:
9364:Simple living
9362:
9360:
9357:
9355:
9352:
9350:
9347:
9345:
9342:
9340:
9337:
9335:
9332:
9330:
9329:Hirsch report
9327:
9325:
9324:Food vs. fuel
9322:
9320:
9317:
9315:
9314:Energy crisis
9312:
9310:
9307:
9305:
9302:
9300:
9297:
9296:
9294:
9290:
9285:
9275:
9272:
9270:
9267:
9265:
9262:
9261:
9259:
9255:
9251:
9244:
9239:
9237:
9232:
9230:
9225:
9224:
9221:
9209:
9201:
9200:
9197:
9191:
9188:
9186:
9183:
9182:
9180:
9172:
9166:
9163:
9161:
9158:
9156:
9153:
9151:
9148:
9146:
9145:Pigouvian tax
9143:
9141:
9138:
9136:
9133:
9131:
9128:
9126:
9123:
9121:
9118:
9116:
9113:
9111:
9108:
9106:
9103:
9101:
9098:
9096:
9093:
9092:
9090:
9082:
9075:
9072:
9070:
9067:
9065:
9062:
9060:
9057:
9055:
9052:
9048:
9045:
9043:
9042:Earth-leakage
9040:
9039:
9038:
9035:
9033:
9030:
9029:
9027:
9019:
9011:
9008:
9007:
9006:
9003:
9001:
8998:
8996:
8993:
8991:
8988:
8987:
8985:
8983:Failure modes
8981:
8975:
8972:
8970:
8967:
8964:
8961:
8959:
8956:
8954:
8951:
8949:
8946:
8944:
8941:
8939:
8936:
8934:
8933:Power station
8931:
8929:
8926:
8924:
8921:
8919:
8916:
8914:
8911:
8909:
8906:
8904:
8901:
8899:
8896:
8894:
8891:
8889:
8886:
8884:
8881:
8879:
8876:
8874:
8871:
8869:
8866:
8864:
8861:
8859:
8856:
8854:
8851:
8850:
8848:
8845:
8840:
8835:
8829:
8826:
8824:
8821:
8819:
8818:Rankine cycle
8816:
8814:
8811:
8809:
8806:
8804:
8801:
8799:
8798:Cooling tower
8796:
8794:
8791:
8789:
8786:
8784:
8781:
8780:
8778:
8776:
8772:
8762:
8759:
8757:
8754:
8752:
8749:
8745:
8742:
8740:
8737:
8735:
8732:
8730:
8727:
8725:
8722:
8721:
8720:
8717:
8715:
8712:
8710:
8707:
8705:
8702:
8700:
8697:
8695:
8692:
8691:
8689:
8687:
8683:
8677:
8674:
8670:
8667:
8665:
8662:
8660:
8657:
8655:
8652:
8651:
8650:
8647:
8646:
8644:
8642:
8641:Non-renewable
8638:
8635:
8631:
8626:
8616:
8613:
8611:
8608:
8606:
8603:
8601:
8598:
8596:
8593:
8591:
8588:
8586:
8583:
8581:
8578:
8576:
8573:
8571:
8568:
8566:
8563:
8561:
8560:Grid strength
8558:
8556:
8553:
8551:
8548:
8546:
8543:
8541:
8538:
8536:
8533:
8531:
8528:
8526:
8523:
8521:
8518:
8516:
8515:Demand factor
8513:
8511:
8508:
8506:
8503:
8501:
8498:
8497:
8495:
8491:
8487:
8480:
8475:
8473:
8468:
8466:
8461:
8460:
8457:
8445:
8444:
8435:
8433:
8432:
8423:
8421:
8420:
8411:
8409:
8408:
8397:
8396:
8393:
8379:
8376:
8374:
8371:
8369:
8366:
8362:
8359:
8358:
8357:
8354:
8352:
8349:
8347:
8346:Climate model
8344:
8342:
8339:
8338:
8336:
8332:
8326:
8323:
8321:
8318:
8316:
8313:
8311:
8308:
8306:
8303:
8301:
8298:
8296:
8293:
8291:
8288:
8284:
8281:
8280:
8279:
8278:Cloud forcing
8276:
8274:
8271:
8269:
8266:
8264:
8261:
8259:
8256:
8252:
8249:
8247:
8244:
8242:
8239:
8237:
8234:
8233:
8232:
8229:
8227:
8224:
8223:
8221:
8217:
8211:
8208:
8206:
8203:
8201:
8198:
8196:
8193:
8192:
8190:
8186:
8182:
8175:
8171:
8157:
8154:
8152:
8149:
8145:
8142:
8140:
8137:
8136:
8135:
8132:
8130:
8127:
8125:
8122:
8121:
8119:
8115:
8109:
8106:
8102:
8099:
8097:
8094:
8092:
8089:
8088:
8087:
8084:
8082:
8079:
8077:
8074:
8072:
8069:
8067:
8064:
8062:
8059:
8058:
8056:
8054:
8053:Communication
8050:
8044:
8041:
8039:
8036:
8034:
8033:Vulnerability
8031:
8029:
8026:
8024:
8021:
8019:
8016:
8014:
8011:
8009:
8006:
8004:
8003:Flood control
8001:
7999:
7996:
7994:
7991:
7989:
7986:
7984:
7981:
7980:
7978:
7976:
7972:
7966:
7963:
7961:
7958:
7956:
7953:
7951:
7948:
7946:
7943:
7941:
7938:
7936:
7933:
7931:
7928:
7924:
7921:
7920:
7919:
7916:
7914:
7911:
7909:
7906:
7904:
7901:
7900:
7898:
7894:
7890:
7886:
7880:
7876:
7860:
7857:
7856:
7855:
7852:
7851:
7849:
7845:
7839:
7836:
7833:
7830:
7826:
7825:reforestation
7823:
7821:
7818:
7816:
7813:
7811:
7810:afforestation
7808:
7807:
7805:
7803:
7800:
7798:
7795:
7791:
7788:
7786:
7783:
7782:
7781:
7778:
7776:
7773:
7772:
7770:
7768:
7762:
7756:
7753:
7751:
7748:
7746:
7745:Nuclear power
7743:
7739:
7736:
7735:
7734:
7731:
7729:
7726:
7725:
7723:
7719:
7713:
7710:
7708:
7705:
7703:
7700:
7698:
7695:
7693:
7690:
7688:
7685:
7683:
7680:
7678:
7675:
7673:
7670:
7668:
7665:
7663:
7660:
7656:
7653:
7652:
7651:
7648:
7646:
7643:
7641:
7640:Carbon budget
7638:
7637:
7635:
7633:
7629:
7625:
7621:
7616:
7612:
7598:
7595:
7593:
7590:
7588:
7585:
7583:
7580:
7578:
7575:
7573:
7570:
7568:
7565:
7563:
7560:
7558:
7555:
7553:
7550:
7548:
7545:
7544:
7542:
7540:
7536:
7530:
7527:
7525:
7522:
7520:
7517:
7515:
7512:
7510:
7507:
7505:
7502:
7500:
7497:
7495:
7492:
7490:
7487:
7485:
7482:
7478:
7477:Mental health
7475:
7474:
7473:
7470:
7468:
7465:
7463:
7460:
7456:
7453:
7452:
7451:
7448:
7446:
7443:
7441:
7438:
7436:
7433:
7431:
7428:
7426:
7423:
7421:
7418:
7416:
7413:
7409:
7408:United States
7406:
7404:
7401:
7400:
7399:
7396:
7395:
7393:
7389:
7383:
7380:
7378:
7375:
7373:
7370:
7368:
7365:
7363:
7360:
7358:
7355:
7351:
7348:
7347:
7346:
7343:
7342:
7340:
7336:
7330:
7327:
7325:
7322:
7320:
7317:
7315:
7312:
7310:
7307:
7305:
7302:
7300:
7297:
7295:
7292:
7290:
7287:
7283:
7280:
7278:
7275:
7273:
7270:
7268:
7265:
7263:
7262:deoxygenation
7260:
7258:
7257:acidification
7255:
7254:
7253:
7250:
7246:
7243:
7241:
7238:
7237:
7236:
7233:
7229:
7226:
7225:
7224:
7221:
7219:
7216:
7214:
7211:
7209:
7206:
7204:
7201:
7199:
7196:
7194:
7191:
7189:
7186:
7185:
7183:
7179:
7175:
7171:
7166:
7162:
7150:
7147:
7145:
7142:
7140:
7137:
7135:
7132:
7130:
7127:
7125:
7122:
7121:
7119:
7117:
7114:
7112:
7109:
7107:
7104:
7102:
7099:
7097:
7094:
7092:
7089:
7088:
7085:
7078:
7074:
7060:
7057:
7053:
7052:from wetlands
7050:
7048:
7045:
7043:
7040:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7029:
7028:
7025:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7012:Deforestation
7010:
7009:
7007:
7003:
6997:
6994:
6991:
6987:
6984:
6982:
6979:
6978:
6976:
6972:
6968:
6964:
6959:
6955:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6937:
6935:
6932:
6930:
6927:
6925:
6922:
6921:
6918:
6911:
6907:
6903:
6896:
6891:
6889:
6884:
6882:
6877:
6876:
6873:
6867:
6863:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6846:
6843:
6842:
6824:
6820:
6815:
6811:
6807:
6801:
6797:
6793:
6792:
6786:
6771:
6767:
6761:
6754:
6753:
6748:
6733:
6729:
6723:
6716:
6715:
6710:
6709:
6696:
6695:Penguin Books
6692:
6685:
6678:
6677:
6673:
6669:
6666:
6661:
6645:
6641:
6637:
6630:
6622:
6607:
6603:
6595:
6579:
6572:
6556:
6552:
6548:
6544:
6540:
6533:
6514:
6507:
6501:
6485:
6481:
6475:
6467:
6463:
6457:
6449:
6445:
6439:
6420:
6413:
6407:
6391:
6387:
6381:
6374:
6359:
6355:
6348:
6342:
6326:
6322:
6316:
6308:
6304:
6298:
6290:
6286:
6281:
6276:
6272:
6268:
6264:
6260:
6256:
6249:
6247:
6231:
6227:
6223:
6217:
6201:
6197:
6193:
6189:
6185:
6181:
6177:
6173:
6169:
6165:
6161:
6160:Nature Energy
6157:
6149:
6141:
6137:
6133:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6115:
6111:
6107:
6103:
6099:
6095:
6091:
6084:
6065:
6058:
6052:
6033:
6029:
6025:
6021:
6017:
6013:
6009:
6005:
6001:
5994:
5987:
5971:
5965:
5956:
5951:
5947:
5943:
5939:
5935:
5934:Energy Policy
5931:
5924:
5915:
5914:10044/1/29487
5910:
5905:
5900:
5896:
5892:
5888:
5881:
5862:
5855:
5849:
5841:
5837:
5829:
5825:
5821:
5814:
5812:
5800:
5796:
5789:
5783:
5775:
5771:
5767:
5763:
5759:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5741:
5737:
5733:
5729:
5725:
5718:
5702:
5698:
5691:
5675:
5672:. p. 6.
5671:
5667:
5660:
5645:
5641:
5634:
5625:
5624:11250/2634876
5620:
5615:
5610:
5606:
5602:
5598:
5594:
5590:
5583:
5567:
5563:
5559:
5555:
5551:
5547:
5543:
5539:
5535:
5531:
5524:
5505:
5501:
5497:
5493:
5489:
5485:
5481:
5477:
5473:
5472:Nature Energy
5466:
5459:
5440:
5433:
5432:
5424:
5408:
5404:
5400:
5393:
5377:
5373:
5369:
5365:
5361:
5354:
5335:
5328:
5327:
5319:
5317:
5300:
5296:
5289:
5273:
5269:
5265:
5258:
5239:
5232:
5231:
5223:
5215:
5211:
5207:
5200:
5192:
5188:
5181:
5174:
5168:
5164:
5160:
5154:
5146:
5142:
5136:
5120:
5116:
5110:
5102:
5098:
5094:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5076:
5072:
5068:
5064:
5060:
5053:
5037:
5033:
5029:
5028:
5023:
5017:
5001:
4997:
4991:
4980:
4973:
4967:
4951:
4947:
4941:
4925:
4921:
4917:
4910:
4894:
4890:
4883:
4864:
4857:
4853:
4846:
4827:
4820:
4813:
4806:
4803:
4797:
4790:
4786:
4782:
4778:
4773:
4757:
4753:
4752:
4747:
4740:
4721:
4717:
4710:
4704:
4685:
4681:
4674:
4667:
4659:
4655:
4647:
4636:
4632:
4625:
4619:
4611:
4607:
4601:
4593:
4589:
4582:
4575:
4571:
4567:
4564:
4563:
4559:
4553:
4546:
4543:
4542:
4538:
4532:
4524:
4520:
4516:
4510:
4506:
4505:
4497:
4490:
4478:
4474:
4468:
4453:. 7 June 2019
4452:
4448:
4442:
4426:
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4409:
4407:
4390:
4386:
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4376:
4360:
4356:
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4305:
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4294:
4278:
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4270:
4264:
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4204:
4188:
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4180:
4174:
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4144:
4129:
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4072:
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4058:
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4018:
4014:
4007:
3999:
3993:
3985:
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3851:
3839:
3835:
3831:
3825:
3806:
3799:
3793:
3777:
3773:
3769:
3765:
3764:The Economist
3761:
3755:
3739:
3735:
3731:
3725:
3717:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3699:
3695:
3690:
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3677:
3673:
3669:
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3634:
3627:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3599:
3595:
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3586:
3569:
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3561:
3555:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3525:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3495:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3464:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3434:
3415:
3411:
3404:
3398:
3391:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3364:
3348:
3344:
3338:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3309:
3308:The Economist
3304:
3298:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3268:
3252:
3248:
3247:
3242:
3236:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3206:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3176:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3146:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3080:
3076:
3070:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3040:
3021:
3014:
3008:
2992:
2988:
2984:
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2962:
2958:
2952:
2936:
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2928:
2922:
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2902:
2898:
2892:
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2881:
2875:
2871:
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2857:
2853:
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2829:
2822:
2815:
2811:
2805:
2801:
2795:
2793:
2776:
2773:
2767:
2752:
2748:
2741:
2733:
2726:
2724:
2707:
2703:
2697:
2689:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2648:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2618:
2603:
2599:
2593:
2578:
2577:New Scientist
2574:
2567:
2551:
2547:
2546:"Our members"
2541:
2526:
2522:
2516:
2501:
2497:
2491:
2480:
2473:
2467:
2456:
2452:
2445:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2423:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2398:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2376:
2368:
2364:
2358:
2354:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2268:Carbon bubble
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2251:
2245:
2240:
2237:
2226:
2223:
2222:Energy portal
2217:
2212:
2202:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2169:
2165:
2164:
2163:
2157:
2152:
2143:
2141:
2134:
2124:
2115:
2106:
2102:
2099:This section
2097:
2094:
2090:
2089:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2065:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2033:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2004:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1979:
1976:
1972:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1939:
1937:
1932:
1928:
1913:
1910:
1906:
1901:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1882:
1880:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1840:
1832:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1807:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1776:
1774:
1765:
1761:
1758:
1755:In 2020, the
1753:
1751:
1750:Nature Energy
1746:
1744:
1741:In 2016, the
1739:
1737:
1731:
1728:
1724:
1715:
1702:
1693:
1689:
1682:
1663:
1661:
1657:
1652:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1632:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1620:hydrogen fuel
1616:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1566:
1564:
1559:
1557:
1553:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1536:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1521:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1502:
1500:
1499:Hirsch report
1496:
1492:
1491:Hubbert curve
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1469:
1464:
1457:
1456:Hubbert curve
1454:The standard
1452:
1443:
1441:
1437:
1436:food security
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1410:Verkehrswende
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1384:
1379:
1369:
1367:
1359:
1352:
1351:Bloomberg NEF
1348:
1343:
1339:
1328:
1318:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1275:
1273:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1253:hydroelectric
1250:
1245:
1243:
1238:
1236:
1231:
1229:
1223:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1196:
1185:
1176:is available.
1175:
1171:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1155:This section
1153:
1144:
1143:
1135:
1133:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1117:
1115:
1110:
1106:
1101:
1093:
1091:
1080:
1071:
1067:
1064:This section
1062:
1059:
1055:
1054:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1022:
1020:
1019:value of life
1016:
1012:
1006:
993:
989:
987:
983:
981:
978:
975:
974:
973:
965:
963:
958:
956:
952:
948:
947:strand assets
944:
939:
937:
933:
929:
920:
915:
911:
901:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
874:
866:
861:
852:
850:
846:
841:
839:
834:
832:
828:
824:
820:
815:
813:
809:
805:
801:
787:
778:
770:
760:
754:
743:
733:
731:
727:
723:
719:
707:
702:
700:
695:
693:
688:
687:
685:
684:
679:
678:
669:
667:
666:
657:
654:
643:
642:
641:
640:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
612:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
580:Disinvestment
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
557:
551:
550:
543:
542:Reforestation
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
504:
501:
496:
495:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
449:
443:
442:
435:
432:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
409:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
299:
293:
292:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
259:Nuclear power
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
221:
218:
213:
212:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
193:
192:
191:
188:
185:
184:
180:
176:
175:
167:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
144:
142:
138:
134:
130:
125:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
106:air pollution
103:
99:
92:
88:
84:
80:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
11768:
11580:Publications
11539:Antinatalism
11477:
11454:World3 model
11314:Major topics
11162:Schlumberger
11092:Baker Hughes
10984:Marathon Oil
10974:Imperial Oil
10969:Husky Energy
10959:Galp Energia
10949:Devon Energy
10835:Saudi Aramco
10815:Petrovietnam
10760:NNPC Limited
10664:National oil
10544:Petrofiction
10521:
10512:Orphan wells
10480:Other topics
10451:Persian Gulf
10378:Saudi Arabia
10348:Standard Oil
10156:Well logging
10033:Petrophysics
9641:The Oil Drum
9602:
9595:
9588:
9581:
9574:
9568:
9560:
9553:
9547:
9540:
9532:
9514:
9507:
9500:
9493:
9486:
9479:
9472:
9465:
9349:Price of oil
9344:Pickens Plan
9339:Permaculture
9263:
9140:Net metering
9129:
9087:and policies
9005:Power outage
8974:Utility pole
8938:Pumped hydro
8844:distribution
8839:Transmission
8788:Cogeneration
8590:Power factor
8441:
8429:
8417:
8398:
8231:Carbon cycle
8188:Measurements
7883:Society and
7767:carbon sinks
7737:
7672:Climate debt
7662:Carbon price
7484:Human rights
7309:Season creep
7267:heat content
7193:Anoxic event
7106:James Hansen
6827:. Retrieved
6823:the original
6790:
6777:. Retrieved
6751:
6739:. Retrieved
6713:
6690:
6684:
6674:
6660:
6650:22 September
6648:. Retrieved
6639:
6629:
6610:. Retrieved
6606:the original
6594:
6582:. Retrieved
6571:
6559:. Retrieved
6543:The Guardian
6542:
6532:
6520:. Retrieved
6500:
6488:. Retrieved
6474:
6465:
6456:
6447:
6438:
6426:. Retrieved
6406:
6394:. Retrieved
6386:"Initiative"
6380:
6372:
6365:. Retrieved
6341:
6329:. Retrieved
6315:
6306:
6297:
6262:
6258:
6233:. Retrieved
6229:
6216:
6204:. Retrieved
6163:
6159:
6148:
6097:
6093:
6083:
6071:. Retrieved
6051:
6039:. Retrieved
6003:
5999:
5986:
5974:. Retrieved
5964:
5937:
5933:
5923:
5894:
5890:
5880:
5868:. Retrieved
5848:
5823:
5794:
5782:
5731:
5727:
5717:
5705:. Retrieved
5690:
5678:. Retrieved
5659:
5647:. Retrieved
5644:The Guardian
5643:
5633:
5596:
5592:
5582:
5570:. Retrieved
5537:
5533:
5523:
5511:. Retrieved
5475:
5471:
5458:
5446:. Retrieved
5439:the original
5430:
5423:
5411:. Retrieved
5402:
5392:
5380:. Retrieved
5364:The Guardian
5363:
5353:
5343:27 September
5341:. Retrieved
5325:
5305:27 September
5303:. Retrieved
5288:
5278:28 September
5276:. Retrieved
5268:The Guardian
5267:
5257:
5247:14 September
5245:. Retrieved
5229:
5222:
5209:
5199:
5180:
5172:
5162:
5153:
5145:the original
5135:
5123:. Retrieved
5109:
5066:
5062:
5052:
5040:. Retrieved
5036:the original
5025:
5016:
5004:. Retrieved
4990:
4979:the original
4966:
4954:. Retrieved
4940:
4928:. Retrieved
4919:
4909:
4897:. Retrieved
4882:
4870:. Retrieved
4863:the original
4850:Jim Bartis,
4845:
4833:. Retrieved
4812:
4804:
4796:
4780:
4772:
4760:. Retrieved
4751:The Guardian
4749:
4739:
4727:. Retrieved
4720:the original
4715:
4703:
4691:. Retrieved
4684:the original
4679:
4666:
4646:
4630:
4618:
4600:
4591:
4581:
4565:
4560:
4552:
4544:
4539:
4531:
4503:
4496:
4487:
4480:. Retrieved
4476:
4467:
4455:. Retrieved
4450:
4441:
4429:. Retrieved
4425:the original
4415:
4393:. Retrieved
4384:
4375:
4363:. Retrieved
4355:The Guardian
4354:
4344:
4332:. Retrieved
4328:
4319:
4307:. Retrieved
4303:
4293:
4281:. Retrieved
4277:the original
4272:
4263:
4251:. Retrieved
4240:The Guardian
4239:
4229:
4217:. Retrieved
4213:
4203:
4191:. Retrieved
4182:
4173:
4161:. Retrieved
4152:
4143:
4131:. Retrieved
4127:
4117:
4103:
4089:
4080:
4071:
4057:
4048:
4039:
4025:
4019:(in German).
4017:swissinfo.ch
4016:
4006:
3992:
3967:
3963:
3943:10 September
3941:. Retrieved
3933:The Guardian
3932:
3922:
3871:
3867:
3857:
3849:
3842:. Retrieved
3833:
3824:
3812:. Retrieved
3792:
3780:. Retrieved
3763:
3754:
3742:. Retrieved
3733:
3724:
3671:
3667:
3657:
3645:. Retrieved
3637:The Guardian
3636:
3626:
3614:. Retrieved
3597:
3572:. Retrieved
3563:
3554:
3542:. Retrieved
3533:
3524:
3512:. Retrieved
3508:the original
3503:
3494:
3482:. Retrieved
3474:euractiv.com
3473:
3463:
3451:. Retrieved
3442:
3433:
3421:. Retrieved
3409:
3397:
3388:
3381:. Retrieved
3372:
3363:
3351:. Retrieved
3337:
3325:. Retrieved
3306:
3297:
3285:. Retrieved
3276:
3267:
3255:. Retrieved
3244:
3235:
3225:20 September
3223:. Retrieved
3214:
3205:
3195:20 September
3193:. Retrieved
3184:
3175:
3163:. Retrieved
3155:The Diplomat
3154:
3145:
3135:11 September
3133:. Retrieved
3089:
3085:
3069:
3057:. Retrieved
3053:the original
3048:
3039:
3027:. Retrieved
3007:
2995:. Retrieved
2986:
2977:
2965:. Retrieved
2951:
2939:. Retrieved
2930:
2927:"Statistics"
2921:
2909:. Retrieved
2901:Carbon Brief
2900:
2891:
2864:
2821:
2779:. Retrieved
2766:
2754:. Retrieved
2750:
2740:
2710:. Retrieved
2706:The Guardian
2705:
2696:
2664:(1): 73–87.
2661:
2657:
2647:
2635:. Retrieved
2631:the original
2626:
2617:
2605:. Retrieved
2601:
2592:
2580:. Retrieved
2576:
2566:
2554:. Retrieved
2549:
2540:
2528:. Retrieved
2524:
2515:
2503:. Retrieved
2499:
2490:
2466:
2450:
2432:
2422:
2414:
2406:
2397:
2389:
2375:
2357:
2317:Pickens Plan
2308:
2189:fossil fuels
2185:Eric Schmidt
2174:
2161:
2136:
2122:
2112:October 2020
2109:
2105:adding to it
2100:
2071:
2039:
2015:
2000:
1977:action plan,
1945:
1924:
1909:Saudi Arabia
1902:
1883:
1875:
1872:
1865:
1813:
1802:
1792:
1780:
1777:
1766:
1762:
1754:
1749:
1747:
1740:
1732:
1720:
1653:
1638:
1617:
1590:
1560:
1549:
1537:
1522:
1503:
1472:
1467:
1428:liquid fuels
1422:
1417:Energiewende
1389:
1364:
1316:
1276:
1269:
1246:
1239:
1232:
1224:
1220:
1205:fossil fuels
1199:Significant
1198:
1179:
1174:Editing help
1156:
1129:
1118:
1102:
1099:
1087:
1077:October 2020
1074:
1070:adding to it
1065:
1028:
1008:
971:
959:
940:
925:
876:
842:
836:In 2019 the
835:
816:
798:To meet the
797:
715:
675:
663:
500:Carbon sinks
317:Climate debt
243:
145:
126:
102:fossil fuels
97:
96:
91:solar panels
82:
50:, including
43:
36:
11463:Society and
11422:Biocapacity
11132:Halliburton
11004:Phillips 66
10825:QatarEnergy
10795:Petrobangla
10730:KazMunayGas
10620:Supermajors
10569:heavy crude
10456:Prudhoe Bay
10436:Niger Delta
10416:Caspian Sea
10179:Concessions
10129:Measurement
10095:Geosteering
10078:Squeeze job
9988:Exploration
9937:Consumption
9896:Consumption
9889:Natural gas
9818:Bonny Light
9675:Other peaks
9257:Core issues
9135:Load factor
8990:Black start
8958:Transformer
8659:Natural gas
8610:Variability
8585:Peak demand
8575:Merit order
8505:Backfeeding
8258:Carbon sink
8236:atmospheric
8101:video games
7775:Blue carbon
7398:Agriculture
7377:Marine life
7324:Water cycle
7282:temperature
7017:Fossil fuel
6829:8 September
6612:8 September
6522:12 December
6490:13 December
6235:21 November
5940:: 364–371.
5042:9 September
4956:5 September
4930:5 September
4457:23 November
4431:1 September
4365:11 December
4334:11 November
4309:24 November
4283:24 November
4253:23 November
4219:23 November
3970:: 285–305.
3390:production.
3353:11 December
3029:20 November
2637:21 February
2627:Argus Media
2607:21 February
2556:21 February
2530:21 February
2525:Nikkei Asia
2505:21 February
2500:www.eia.gov
2062:natural gas
2050:Olaf Scholz
2026:power grids
1896:. There is
1641:Airbus A380
1618:The use of
1607:the use of
1510:alternative
1479:consumption
1277:A study by
1257:solar power
990:strengthen
930:and has an
904:Natural gas
759:Beyond Coal
742:Fossil fuel
726:bioplastics
610:Sustainable
507:Blue carbon
412:Agriculture
269:Solar power
44:Investment:
11796:Categories
11650:Events and
11465:population
11411:Population
11362:Population
11307:Population
11182:Transocean
11049:Tullow Oil
11039:TechnipFMC
10805:PetroChina
10643:ExxonMobil
10549:Shale band
10426:East Texas
10399:and fields
10213:Downstream
10166:Production
10073:Completion
10001:Geophysics
9942:Production
9901:Production
9838:Indonesian
9813:Argus Sour
9805:Benchmarks
9717:Phosphorus
9509:Power Down
9495:Out of Gas
9474:Beyond Oil
9177:production
9022:Protective
8953:Super grid
8948:Smart grid
8775:Generation
8709:Geothermal
8600:Repowering
8290:Cryosphere
8251:permafrost
8023:Resilience
7975:Adaptation
7950:Litigation
7940:Governance
7885:adaptation
7667:Carbon tax
7620:Mitigation
7557:Antarctica
7445:Disability
6584:25 October
6561:26 October
6428:23 October
6396:23 October
6331:23 October
6100:: 105608.
6073:8 November
5976:8 December
5707:18 October
5599:: 100406.
5572:3 November
5448:31 October
5413:31 October
5382:31 October
5069:(3): 211.
4805:Canada.com
4762:27 January
4729:23 January
4693:23 January
4650:Data from
4395:27 October
4193:27 October
4163:27 October
3844:25 October
3814:25 October
3616:27 October
3574:27 October
3383:25 October
2967:7 December
2911:8 February
2781:23 October
2712:12 January
2451:Lazard.com
2349:References
2131:See also:
1989:potential
1826:Challenges
1723:Greenpeace
1662:jet fuel.
1609:bioethanol
1573:See also:
1533:recessions
1336:See also:
1298:increases.
1267:expenses.
1242:subsidised
1193:See also:
1049:Employment
1003:See also:
949:, such as
908:See also:
871:See also:
757:See also:
422:Capitalism
382:Green home
312:Carbon tax
279:Wind power
141:fossil gas
11746:Migration
11623:6 billion
11177:TC Energy
11078:companies
10908:Trafigura
10855:Sonatrach
10800:Petrobras
10790:Pertamina
10700:Ecopetrol
10666:companies
10610:companies
10608:petroleum
10584:tight oil
10579:oil shale
10574:oil sands
10554:Shale gas
10495:sweet oil
10466:Venezuela
10441:North Sea
10397:Provinces
10388:Venezuela
10235:Midstream
9930:Petroleum
9790:Petroleum
9085:Economics
8808:Micro CHP
8686:Renewable
8669:Petroleum
8664:Oil shale
8550:Grid code
8510:Base load
8305:Feedbacks
8076:Education
7577:Caribbean
7572:Australia
7499:Migration
7462:Fisheries
7403:Livestock
7329:Wildfires
7235:Heat wave
6796:CRC Press
6551:0261-3077
6448:Bloomberg
6196:220505135
6188:2058-7546
6140:237663504
6114:0305-750X
6041:29 August
5774:237455006
5758:1476-4687
5562:214511488
5500:169652126
5372:0261-3077
5101:240522190
5093:2662-4753
5006:24 August
4547:(5):58–65
4523:913742250
4482:2 January
4248:0261-3077
3914:237455006
3898:1476-4687
3772:0013-0613
3698:0027-8424
3443:Raconteur
3327:1 January
3317:0013-0613
2734:(Report).
1773:emissions
1767:Multiple
1721:In 2015,
1613:biodiesel
1552:renewable
1541:lifestyle
1487:petroleum
1182:June 2024
1105:electrify
878:Crude oil
863:The 2010
427:Transport
296:Economics
11822:Peak oil
11781:Category
11549:Natalism
11472:Eugenics
11265:Category
11172:Subsea 7
11152:Petrofac
11147:NOV Inc.
11127:GE Power
11122:Enbridge
11076:services
10898:Mercuria
10888:Glencore
10850:Sonangol
10810:Petronas
10745:Naftogaz
10517:Peak oil
10500:sour oil
10255:Upstream
10250:Refining
10245:Pipeline
10201:Pumpjack
10196:Gas lift
10117:invasion
10060:Drilling
9947:Reserves
9906:Reserves
9712:Minerals
9541:Collapse
9250:Peak oil
9208:Category
8995:Brownout
8783:AC power
8493:Concepts
8431:Glossary
8419:Category
8241:biologic
7955:Politics
7847:Personal
7552:Americas
7415:Children
7181:Physical
6974:Overview
6914:Overview
6862:Archived
6810:Archived
6770:Archived
6732:Archived
6668:Archived
6644:Archived
6555:Archived
6513:Archived
6484:Archived
6419:Archived
6390:Archived
6367:28 March
6358:Archived
6325:Archived
6289:33077972
6200:Archived
6132:36569408
6064:Archived
6032:Archived
5861:Archived
5840:Archived
5828:Archived
5799:Archived
5766:34497394
5701:Archived
5674:Archived
5566:Archived
5504:Archived
5407:Archived
5376:Archived
5334:Archived
5299:Archived
5272:Archived
5238:Archived
5214:Archived
5191:Archived
5167:Archived
5119:Archived
5000:Archived
4950:Archived
4924:Archived
4893:Archived
4854:(2006).
4826:Archived
4791:, p. 61.
4756:Archived
4658:Archived
4635:Archived
4610:Archived
4576:(review)
4568::148-73
4389:Archived
4359:Archived
4187:Archived
4183:oecd.org
4157:Archived
4081:BBC News
3937:Archived
3906:34497394
3838:Archived
3805:Archived
3776:Archived
3738:Archived
3716:30910976
3647:12 March
3641:Archived
3610:Archived
3568:Archived
3538:Archived
3478:Archived
3447:Archived
3414:Archived
3412:. 2016.
3377:Archived
3347:Archived
3321:Archived
3281:Archived
3257:4 August
3251:Archived
3219:Archived
3189:Archived
3159:Archived
3126:Archived
3122:36453591
3114:28336628
3020:Archived
2997:24 March
2991:Archived
2961:Archived
2935:Archived
2905:Archived
2874:Archived
2846:cite web
2835:Archived
2804:Archived
2775:Archived
2688:59374909
2479:Archived
2455:Archived
2437:Archived
2411:Archived
2407:BNEF.com
2386:Archived
2367:Archived
2208:See also
2007:hydrogen
1968:shipping
1964:aviation
1781:Guardian
1605:biofuels
1483:reliance
1475:peak oil
1440:land use
1424:Biofuels
914:Peak gas
898:biofuels
882:fuel oil
873:Peak oil
665:Glossary
417:Business
179:a series
177:Part of
11770:Commons
11413:ecology
11364:biology
10840:Sinopec
10830:Rosneft
10710:Gazprom
10705:Equinor
10633:Chevron
10280:History
10146:Tracers
10068:Blowout
9957:Exports
9952:Imports
9916:Exports
9911:Imports
9576:GasHole
9024:devices
8734:Thermal
8729:Osmotic
8724:Current
8704:Biomass
8694:Biofuel
8676:Nuclear
8633:Sources
8246:oceanic
8096:fiction
7945:Justice
7896:Society
7504:Poverty
7213:Drought
7081:History
7005:Sources
6847:in the
6779:25 July
6741:25 July
6706:Sources
6640:Reuters
6307:Reuters
6267:Bibcode
6206:26 June
6168:Bibcode
6123:9758387
6028:2225690
6020:8804524
5942:Bibcode
5838:. BBC.
5824:Reuters
5795:IEA.org
5736:Bibcode
5699:. CNN.
5680:28 July
5601:Bibcode
5542:Bibcode
5480:Bibcode
5163:IEA.org
5071:Bibcode
4899:2 April
4891:. NPR.
4872:28 June
4835:21 June
4133:2 April
4128:Reuters
4049:NPR.org
3972:Bibcode
3876:Bibcode
3707:6462052
3676:Bibcode
3544:6 March
3094:Bibcode
3086:Science
3049:Reuters
2931:iea.org
2884:archive
2814:archive
2756:9 March
2666:Bibcode
2170:stated:
2168:Al Gore
2036:Germany
1997:(CBAM).
1816:secured
1666:Studies
1575:Biofuel
1481:of and
1132:cycling
1011:exhaust
984:reduce
968:Reasons
630:Tourism
160:biofuel
11480:genics
11206:Others
11157:Saipem
11054:Tüpraş
11044:TNK-BP
11029:Sunoco
11019:Repsol
10979:Lukoil
10922:Others
10893:Gunvor
10527:timing
10461:Russia
10373:Norway
10358:France
10353:Canada
9692:Copper
9378:People
8719:Marine
8699:Biogas
8226:Albedo
8219:Theory
7930:Denial
7721:Energy
7582:Europe
7562:Arctic
7547:Africa
7472:Health
7467:Gender
7420:Cities
7345:Biomes
7252:Oceans
7240:Marine
6963:Causes
6802:
6762:
6724:
6549:
6287:
6259:Nature
6194:
6186:
6138:
6130:
6120:
6112:
6026:
6018:
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5764:
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5728:Nature
5649:5 July
5560:
5513:4 July
5498:
5370:
5125:2 July
5099:
5091:
4787:
4521:
4511:
4246:
3964:Energy
3912:
3904:
3896:
3868:Nature
3834:GOV.UK
3782:2 June
3770:
3744:2 June
3714:
3704:
3696:
3514:26 May
3484:26 May
3453:26 May
3423:9 June
3373:GOV.UK
3315:
3287:28 May
3165:28 May
3120:
3112:
3059:28 May
2941:28 May
2686:
2582:26 May
1645:Boeing
1585:, and
1438:, and
1255:, and
1157:is in
999:Health
912:, and
896:, and
886:diesel
724:(e.g.
653:Portal
625:Living
487:UNFCCC
217:Energy
70:, and
11601:Lists
11073:Major
10939:Cepsa
10913:Vitol
10883:Enron
10845:SOCAR
10785:Pemex
10780:PDVSA
10775:Orlen
10740:Lotos
10680:ANCAP
10648:Shell
10605:Major
10363:India
9967:Price
9921:Price
9863:Urals
9858:Tapis
9828:Dubai
9823:Brent
9732:Wheat
9727:Water
9661:REN21
9548:Crude
9459:Books
9076:(GFI)
8965:(TSO)
8751:Solar
8739:Tidal
8714:Hydro
8443:Index
8205:Proxy
7965:Women
7430:Crime
7357:Birds
7223:Flood
6773:(PDF)
6756:(PDF)
6735:(PDF)
6718:(PDF)
6580:. CNN
6516:(PDF)
6509:(PDF)
6422:(PDF)
6415:(PDF)
6361:(PDF)
6350:(PDF)
6192:S2CID
6136:S2CID
6067:(PDF)
6060:(PDF)
6035:(PDF)
6016:S2CID
5996:(PDF)
5972:. MSN
5870:6 May
5864:(PDF)
5857:(PDF)
5802:(PDF)
5791:(PDF)
5770:S2CID
5558:S2CID
5507:(PDF)
5496:S2CID
5468:(PDF)
5442:(PDF)
5435:(PDF)
5337:(PDF)
5330:(PDF)
5241:(PDF)
5234:(PDF)
5097:S2CID
4982:(PDF)
4975:(PDF)
4866:(PDF)
4859:(PDF)
4829:(PDF)
4822:(PDF)
4723:(PDF)
4712:(PDF)
4687:(PDF)
4676:(PDF)
4638:(PDF)
4627:(PDF)
3910:S2CID
3808:(PDF)
3801:(PDF)
3734:LSHTM
3417:(PDF)
3406:(PDF)
3129:(PDF)
3118:S2CID
3082:(PDF)
3023:(PDF)
3016:(PDF)
2838:(PDF)
2831:(PDF)
2684:S2CID
2482:(PDF)
2475:(PDF)
2458:(PDF)
2447:(PDF)
2084:Japan
2068:India
2046:Dubai
1921:China
1905:COP27
1163:prose
677:Index
170:Scope
83:Cost:
11167:Snam
11107:CH2M
10860:TPAO
10368:Iraq
10338:OPEC
10333:GECF
9882:Data
9737:Wood
9722:Soil
9707:Gold
9697:Food
9687:Coal
9646:OPEC
9569:Fuel
8842:and
8761:Wind
8744:Wave
8654:Coal
8028:Risk
7567:Asia
7149:2024
7144:2023
7139:2022
7134:2021
7129:2020
7124:2019
6831:2023
6800:ISBN
6781:2021
6760:ISBN
6743:2021
6722:ISBN
6652:2016
6618:and
6614:2023
6598:See
6586:2020
6563:2020
6547:ISSN
6524:2020
6492:2020
6430:2020
6398:2020
6369:2020
6333:2020
6285:PMID
6237:2022
6208:2021
6184:ISSN
6128:PMID
6110:ISSN
6075:2021
6043:2019
6024:SSRN
5978:2021
5872:2017
5762:PMID
5754:ISSN
5709:2021
5682:2021
5651:2022
5574:2021
5515:2019
5450:2016
5415:2016
5384:2016
5368:ISSN
5345:2016
5307:2016
5280:2016
5249:2016
5127:2008
5089:ISSN
5044:2013
5008:2007
4958:2017
4932:2017
4901:2018
4874:2007
4837:2007
4785:ISBN
4764:2019
4731:2019
4695:2019
4519:OCLC
4509:ISBN
4484:2024
4459:2019
4451:IISD
4433:2010
4397:2020
4367:2021
4336:2019
4329:IISD
4311:2022
4285:2022
4273:UNDP
4255:2019
4244:ISSN
4221:2019
4195:2020
4165:2020
4135:2022
3945:2021
3902:PMID
3894:ISSN
3846:2020
3816:2020
3784:2019
3768:ISSN
3746:2019
3712:PMID
3694:ISSN
3649:2019
3618:2020
3576:2020
3546:2021
3516:2019
3486:2019
3455:2019
3425:2017
3385:2020
3355:2018
3329:2021
3313:ISSN
3289:2019
3259:2020
3227:2018
3197:2018
3167:2019
3137:2020
3110:PMID
3061:2019
3031:2019
2999:2020
2969:2018
2943:2019
2913:2020
2856:link
2852:link
2783:2020
2758:2023
2714:2023
2639:2023
2609:2023
2584:2024
2558:2023
2550:PPCA
2532:2023
2507:2023
2060:and
2054:coal
1892:and
1725:and
1692:wind
1690:and
1660:JP-8
1658:and
1639:The
1611:and
1595:and
1527:and
1525:1973
1512:and
1340:and
1249:wind
1159:list
1119:The
1088:The
849:OECD
747:Coal
720:and
620:Diet
158:and
11478:Dys
11102:CGG
10999:OMV
10865:YPF
10638:Eni
9702:Gas
9682:Car
8091:art
6275:doi
6263:586
6176:doi
6118:PMC
6102:doi
6098:146
6008:doi
5950:doi
5909:hdl
5899:doi
5744:doi
5732:597
5619:hdl
5609:doi
5550:doi
5488:doi
5079:doi
4783:,
4570:doi
4545:301
4477:IMF
4385:IMF
4214:Vox
4153:IEA
3980:doi
3968:126
3884:doi
3872:597
3702:PMC
3684:doi
3672:116
3602:doi
3102:doi
3090:355
2674:doi
2662:150
2602:IEA
2107:.
2058:oil
2044:in
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