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of the
Mussulmen, the former was attending to his own private interest in trade and currants. The following is an exact translation of this document: PROTEST addressed by the Greeks of Peloponesus to Philip Green esq. Consul of the mighty British Empire at Patras. – "Sir, the just motives which compelled us to take arms against the Ottomans, in defence of our lives and propertiy, of which they attempted to deprive us, have been explained to you in a letter of ours, dated the 27 March. To this you replied through your own interpreter, Mr Barthelemy, that as long as the British Government would observe a neutrality in the contest, between us and the Turks, you would remain an indifferent spectator, without taking part with either the one or the other. Notwithstanding this declaration, we state, with great pain, that we have obtained uncontroversible proofs that your conduit has not been conformable to your profession of neutrality. From the commencement of the contest you have constantly observed all our motions and resolutions for the purpose of informing our enemies. When the packet-boat from Malta, commanded by Mr Hunter, arrived at Patras, you sent to Prevesa to urge the Captain-Bey to send immediate succour to the Turks at Patras; and the captain-Bey, in fact, dispatched a brig, a corvette and a galley. You wrote also to the Pachas assembled before Jannina who sent Yusuf Pacha and the Kihaya of Mahmoud Pacha, with a considerable land armament. And, moreover, you continued to send to the Turks shut up in the citadel of Patras, intelligence of every thing that passed by means of persons devoted to your interest. We have more than once summoned you to pay our countrymen the sums due to them in consequence of your late purchases. Although the credit has expired, you still persis in refusing the payment*. You have, besides, sent your brother and your interpreter, who conducted Yussuf Pacha hither and acquainted him with the places by which he could most easily enter the citadel: you prepared and communicated yourself to the Turks the distinctive sign of the cross by which the Greeks recognize each other, that the Turks might attack us more advantageously under this disguise. Finally, you advised the Turks to light in the City of Patras that terrible fire by which all the goods in private houses, and the warehouses of the Company of Merchants have been destroyed. Immediately after the conflagration, the city was pillaged by the Turks and more particularly by those attached to your person. Thus, you have violated the rights of nations, and followed a conduct contrary to that prescribed by the declaration of neutrality made by your Government and yourself. You have occasioned losses amounting to several millions; you have exposed several Christians to death and captivity. By these presents we protest against you, in order that, at a suitable time, you may be called upon to render an account of all the disasters occasioned by you in contempt of the laws. Calamata, 26 April (May 8),1822. (Signed by the notables of the Christian people of Peloponesus.)
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contradiction, and that if they should appear to be true, the persons who had suffered from the conduct of the
British Government in the Ionian Islands might, if possible, obtain some redress. It was represented to him, that a Greek, of the name of Berouka, aged 76, his wife, three married daughters, and their children, forming altogether a family of 15 or 16 persons, had, after the massacre of Patras, from which they had escaped through the intervention of the French Consul, M. de Pouqueville, taken refuge in the island of Ithaca. These persons lived there in quiet until March last, when an order came from the Lord High Commissioner, directing them to depart out of the Ionian Islands. The unfortunate Greeks represented that they had, during their residence in the island, always conducted themselves in a proper manner, and entreated that they might be permitted to stay. The order for their departure was, however, iterated. The family next requested that they might be allowed to delay their departure until the sea which at that time was crowded with corsairs, should be in some degree cleared of these pirates; but even this indulgence was not conceded to them. The result was that almost immediately after they had set sail, they were attacked by an Algerine corsair, and after a short resistance, during which the old man was desperately wounded in the face, captured, carried into Algiers, and sold for slaves. He had received his information from the most respectable sources, and believed it was strictly correct. Mr Wilmot responded that no information regarding the Berouka family had reached the Colonial Department, he further objected to the production of another statement, and said that an investigation should be made...
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du
Sauveur. In addition he served with the Napoleonic forces in Egypt, then was, in turn, a prisoner of the Barbary pirates and the Turks. He lived as a prisoner in Greece. Profiting from his loneliness, he studied the geography of the country and its diseases, learning modern Greek while not neglecting ancient Greek art and literature. His medical publications were also noteworthy. He died in Paris, 20 December 1838, never having been married. He named as his sole heir, Henriette-Elizabeth-Marthe Lorimier, who erected the monument at the Montparnasse cemetery to his memory and to whom this drawing is dedicated. Her portrait by Ingres is in the Pushkin Museum, Moscow. It bears an inscription to Pouqueville.
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albanaise avec des tableaux de déclinaisons), pour parler enfin de la gastronomie, mais aussi de la numismatique, de la minéralogie, de la flore et de la faune (et plus précisément de l'ichtyologie, de l'ornitologie, de l'entomologie, des plantes médicinales), de la marine marchande...cette liste est loin d'être complète. Bien avant
Fauriel il traduit et interprète des chansons populaires. L'ouvrage contient des statistiques sur la population et le commerce, des listes sur l'importation et l'exportation, voire même des tableaux du clergé et de ses revenus.
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2096:"Ackmet-Nourri, with twenty of his men entered the kiosk of the terrible pasha of Yoannina to attack him. After having taken part of the murder of the Albanian satrap, he brought his head himself to Istanbul and presented it to the Sultan Mahmoud, who, as a reward for this act, gave him a coat of honor that he still wears to this day. Akmet-Nourri told us the tragic death of Ali Pasha. I won't report his story here: it is conform to that of M. Pouqueville." Baptistin Poujoulat
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Florence, and Milan. The Pope having met him at the Villa Albani, deigned to honour with his benediction the preserver of so many thousands of
Christians; and it is not doubted, that if his voice could be heard at the Congress of Verona, it would induce Sovereigns to interest themselves in the cause of the Greeks. M. Pouqueville is said to be going to Marseilles.
1710:"...Philhellenism was a movement inspired from a love of classical Greece but was distinct from the equally popular antiquarian interest in the cultural products of classical antiquity. Philehellenism encompassed mobilization around the cause of the fate of modern Greeks, seen as the descendants of their putative classical progenitors, and included in its ranks
2434:"M. Pouqueville showed me the way to a host of researches necessary to my work: I followed him without fear of being wrong, him who was my first guide through Sparta's fields. Together we have visited Greece's antiquities when they were lit only by their past glory. Together we have pleaded our hosts' cause, with certain success."
2162:' undisciplined bands had fled and, except for 3000 people who owe their lives to the heroic self-sacrifice of the consul of France, M. Pouqueville, all the inhabitants of Patras perished by the swords and the fires. When told of the fate of Patras, the people of Beotia proclaimed their own insurrection." Raoul de Malherbe –
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A note by Népomucène
Lemercier, adds: "The English diplomat Lord Maitland had towards the Greeks, betrayed and abandoned to the Turks who had been unsuccessful in taking Parga, a far opposed conduit than that of the generous Lord Byron whose soul and lyra have rehabilitated the English Nation's honor
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with the title "Hymne Funèbre sur Parga" and orchestrated by F. Regnault. In the notice of publication, Lemercier wrote: "The original text of this beautiful lament on the ruining of the
Parguinots comes from the third volume, page 420, of the 'Travels in Greece' of M. Pouqueville. I translated it in
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Younger brother of François
Pouqueville, Hugues Pouqueville also pursued a brilliant diplomatic career for France. He was consul in Spain during the second French Republic (1848–1851) when its president, Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, proclaimed the Second Empire, becoming Emperor Napoléon III. Among many
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His is among the most colorful careers of Ingres' sitters. As his tombstone in
Montparnasse tells us, he was an Honorary Member of the Academy of Medidine, a Consul general of France in Greece, a member of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles lettres, a Chevalier of the Legion of Honor and l'Ordre
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As to the fate of the pirate
Orouchs — who had seized Poqueville and sold him as a slave — he later boasted about his capture to Ali Pasha when Pouqueville was still in residence in Ioanina. At first, he was well rewarded with the command of one of Ali's ships; but later, and although Pouqueville had
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that he had devised. He managed to keep it hidden from his guards, leading them instead to find and confiscate unimportant writings on their occasional searches of his cell. It is from this journal that he was able to write the first two parts of his book (nearly 600 pages) that he published in 1805.
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Pouqueville's written accounts of his time abroad were the first detailed description by a westerner of the Turkish megalopolis, its diverse inhabitants, and way of life, customs, and habits. These were received in Europe with great astonishment and curiosity because "The Gate of Asia" had previously
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There were eight European consulates, and the two consuls who played important role were those of France and Britain. Pouqueville, the french consul was philhellene, while Green the British consul was philoturk. Philoturk was also the English governor of Ionian islands who forbade Ionian subjects to
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I send you the Protest which our Provisional Government, The Messenian Senate, has made against the British Consul at Patras, Mr Philip Green. At the moment when Mr. H. Pouqueville, the French Consul, was employed in defending the Christian old men, women, and children of this city from the ferocity
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Finally, against Britain's continuous attempts to maintain and reinforce the Turks' brutal oppression of the Greeks, the brothers Pouqueville's consistent diplomatic skills succeeded in achieving the desired chasm between the Sultan and Ali Pacha, thus provoking the beginning of the dismantlement of
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The country was the first Ottoman province to wrestle its independence from its Muslims masters, and a "modern" nation-state was established almost forty years before the Italian Risorgimento for which it was an inspiration. De Pouqueville's story of the Greek revolution of the events 1740–1824 was
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Pouqueville's 14 years residence and travels in Greece will constitute the next number of the Journal of Voyages and Travels. Every man of letters knows the great importance of his work, and the value of the author's researches. The French booksellers gave a larger sum for the copyright, and it has
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was excavated, a French envoy to the court of Ali Pasha of Ioannina visited the sleepy little village that stood on the site of the ancient oracular shrine. Pouqueville enthused over the wealth of inscriptions he saw: "marble slabs, pieces of walls, interiors of caves...covered with dedications and
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Professor A. Dubois liked Pouqueville as his own son. However, years later, on 13 December 1810, François Pouqueville wrote to Ruffin: "We are crossed, like friends can be, because I left the robe for the sword...Dubois looked at me as his own glory, and he was furious, when he saw me renegade. You
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and can forbid the island to resupply on the main land. As usual, Napoleon rages and threatens. For example, this letter dated 15 March 1811 to the Foreign Minister, then Mr Maret: " My intent is to declare war to Ali Pasha if Constantinople cannot keep him in check. You will write to my consul to
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of France, (1767–1862) wrote: "All the Greeks who were unable to escape from Patras were mercilessly slaughtered, regardless of sex or age. Only a few of the unfortunate victims could find refuge in the house of the consul of France, Mr Pouqueville. He saved them at the peril of his own life. This
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M. de Pouqueville, the Consul of France in the Morea, arrived on the 6th at Milan, from Florence. The noble conduct of this faithful and intrepid servant of his Most Christian Majesty has obtained him the most flattering reception from Ministers, Ambassadors, and Consuls of his majesty at Naples,
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Pouqueville, who in 1805 became French consul at the court of Ali pasha of Ioannina and later in Patras, published memoirs abounding in valuable statistical data and geographic detail. He was one of the first to use the notion of Europe in an allegorical rather than purely geographic sense and to
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With remarkable foresight due to his in-depth knowledge of the region, François Pouqueville already predicted the recurrent troubles that would subsequently divide the Balkans: "I will tell how Ali Tebelen Zade – Ali Pasha – after having created for himself one of these horrible reputations that
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However, after his visit to Ioannina, the distinguished Reverend T.S. Hugues wrote that he (unlike Byron and Hobhouse) "found him very polite, generous and humane, and thought him a scholar and man of the world, nor did that contest in which our respective countries were engaged, in the slightest
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who spoke perfect French and proved to be courteous, human, and a man of honor. Conversely, his encounters with Nelson filled him with repugnance, for the Admiral's treatment of the French officers was both brutal and cruel. From that point, Pouqueville would only mention Nelson under the epithet
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The reciprocal respect between François Pouqueville and the Reverend Hugues eventually developed into a true friendship and they soon travelled throughout Greece together. Many years later, when Pouqueville retired in France, T.S. Hugues came to visit him on occasions and stayed at Pouqueville's
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Sir R. Wilson begged to call the attention of the honourable Under Secretary for the Colonial Department to a transaction which he was informed had recently taken place in the Ionian Islands. He would state the facts as they were represented to him, in order that, if false, they might receive a
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Having taken Malta, the French, in a typical magnanimous gesture, set free all the prisoners in the Maltese jails. Amongst those was Orouchs, a noted pirate who immediately went to the British Fleet to be rearmed, and resumed his criminal activities. It was him who, less than a year after being
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Moreover, the literary and political fame he had acquired with the international success of his first book — dedicated to the Emperor Napoléon and positioning him, as early as 1805, as the spearhead of the emerging Greek revival movement — was evidently a cause for resentment on the part of the
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However, during his work as the pashalic's physician in Tripolitza, he had fewer Turkish escorts. His more frequent contacts with Greeks made him see their rich culture in a new light. Even as it was being suppressed by the seven generations-long occupation by their Ottoman rulers, Greek social
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On n'exagère pas en affirmant que Pouqueville parle de tout: il fait découvrir une nouvelle fois les moeurs et le caractère des habitants qu'il rencontre; il décrit leur physionomie, les arts, l'histoire, la religion, l'industrie, les langues (il y ajoute une digression sur la langue schype ou
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In Ioannina, the court of Ali Pasha was increasingly the seat of political intrigues between the European powers and they were encouraged by the pasha himself. In this setting, Pouqueville was for years the target of disparaging and acrimonious critics from English visitors to Ioannina. These
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At the time, Greece was little known and was considered a Turkish province. Pouqueville proved that it was not so, that the Hellenes had retained their originality and their hopes, he predicted their success, he brought them the interest of Europe and of France in particular for their future
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While writing about antique Greece in the numerous major works and articles he published from this moment, François Pouqueville mostly applied himself in denouncing the state of oppression crushing the Greeks under Turkish domination, and more specifically stood as witness of "the crimes and
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Recently, gentlemen, the whole world has heard of the sacrifice of our consuls. Several of them, victims of their generosity, have only kept from their houses in flames the white banner around which Turcs and Christians found refuge. They should receive idemnities, and I can only offer them
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His writings brought him fame and fortune. Part three of his book (about 300 pages) was devoted to the astonishing adventures that his friends and brothers in arms encountered before and after their release from the fortress of seven towers. Those friends included future baron and general
2054:"A few months later, Ali Pasha treacherously assassinated the Major Andrutzi, a Greek officer serving France, that he had kidnapped from one of our ships, and whose son and nephew owed their lives to the skilled firmness of M. Pouqueville, then general consul in Ioannina." Victor Duruy
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When Pouqueville returned to Le Merlerault, the town's physician, Dr. Cochin, who had been his colleague at the college of Caen, took him on as student-surgeon. He then introduced him to his friend, professor Antoine Dubois of the Faculty of Medicine in Paris. Dubois was later the
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Ali Pacha for him to inform him that at the first sign of him preventing the resupply of Corfu, and forbid the transit of cattle and foodstuff destined to this place, I shall declare war to him." Easy said or written. One day, Pouqueville will find himself in jail..." Yves Benot
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While living in abject conditions, Pouqueville wrote that they encountered members of the French embassy to whom the Sultan, under pressure from the British who had appropriated the embassy, had refused the usual diplomatic nicety of being confined in the French embassy palace.
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2141:"With the departure of the French from the Ionian Islands and from Dalmatia as well there was little point in maintaining a consul at Jannina, so Pouqueville, after all his trying times, asked if he might be moved and was rewarded with a transfer to Patras" William Plomer
1899:...Ali Pasha assured Jack that he did not welcome their presence, and he appeared to be annoyed that Pouqueville was busy distributing French propaganda, and currying favours amongst the Greeks by providing medical treatment without charge." Henry McKenzie Johnston
2083:"Hugues Pouqueville, born in Le Merlerault on March 8th, 1779, was a precious support for his brother François in Janina. He was successively named vice-consul in Prevesa (1811), in Arta (1814), consul in Patras (1821) and in Cathagena (1829)." Henri Dehérain
2343:, the French Academician Carl-Bénédict Hase (1780–1864), himself member of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres, declared that the book "was the most remarkable volume written in the genre that had been published since the Renaissance of Literature"
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was still prevalent in the eastern Mediterranean region. Pouqueville was determined to find the proper medical method to fight the terrible disease. His thesis on his plague observations were later published in Paris upon his return and were highly regarded.
1979:"The absence of women permits Byron himself to adopt a feminized role, as in his letters home describing his flirtatious relationship with the Pasha, and noting Ali's admiration of his 'small ears, curly hair, and his little white hands'" (BLJ, I, 208)
1697:(1813, translated by Plumptre). Much of Mary's account of the geography and military history of the city could have been derived from Pouqueville's descriptions, maps and illustrations." afterwords by Joyce Carol Oates of Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley's
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Another report on the cruelty and vileny of Lord Maitland, High Commissioner in Corfu and, more generally, of the British in Greece at the time, this minute of a session of the Chamber of Commons in London on 10 June 1822 as reproduced by The Times:
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will resound in the future, fell from power leaving to Epirus, his homeland, the fateful inheritance of anarchy, unfathomable damages to the Ottoman dynasty, the hope of freedom for the Greeks, and perhaps extended causes of conflict for Europe."
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Soon after arriving in Constantinople, Pouqueville gained some liberty of movement, as his jailers had learned about his medical skills. He succeeded in exploring the surroundings of the fortress, including the Sultan's private gardens at the
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Unlike the British consul Green who refused to help the Greeks and collaborated with the Turks, the French consul Hugues Pouqueville gave shelter to many refugees of any side in the French consulate while the Turkish repression was raging.
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in 1798, Pouqueville was uneasy with the Greeks who were among his Ottoman guards. Not unlike Lord Byron, who at his death in 1824 also became a symbol of philhellenism, Pouqueville felt at first unsure of the Greeks' sincerity.
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His observations became a powerful support for the cause of the Greek rebellion and its dramatic events, which he reported faithfully in substantial books that were quickly published and translated in several languages.
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disassociate the Ottomans from the family of civilized European nations. He asserted that Constantinople had become "a city inhabited by a people who belong to Europe merely on account of the place they are inhabiting."
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Mons. Pouqueville, Mr. Holland, and Mr. Hughes, all describe Ali Pacha as a most perfect master of the art of dissimulation- as a cool, relentless villain, who, like 'our' Richard, "could smile, and murder while he
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His condition as a prisoner of the Turkish Sultan prevented him from doing more than providing medical attention to the oppressed population, but his writings already showed both intellectual and emotional support.
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Having learned that Pouqueville practiced medicine, the new pacha treated him well and, after seeing how successful Pouqueville was when healing some members of his entourage, named him official physician of his
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Jules Auguste Lair, La Captivité de François Pouqueville à Constantinople, 1800–1801 : (9 prairial, an VII −16 ventôse, an IX), H. Delesques, Bulletin de la Société des Antiquaires de Normandie, Caen,
1883:"The consuls of the principal European nations are established there, and imperial France's representative, François Pouqueville, is engaged in a power struggle for influence with his British counterpart."
983:, as they allowed themselves to be corrupted by the depraved lifestyle of the Court of Ioannina when Pouqueville instead demonstrated rectitude and firmness against Ali Pasha's criminal abuses of power.
1743:"By-the-bye, I rather suspect we shall be at right angles in our opinion of the Greeks; I have not quite made up my mind about them, but you I know are decisively inimical." Lord Byron's Correspondence
1861:"At length, M. Pouqueville, during a long residence in the dominions of the late Ali Pacha, actually discovered the remains of sixty-five cities, quite able to speak for themselves." Le Roy J. Halsey
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While enjoying his retirement from international diplomacy, François Pouqueville saw his support for the Greek war of independence provide some of the impetus for the French navy taking part in the
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movement. This impulse soon spread throughout Europe with the broad publication of his books, motivating the greatest minds of the time to follow his steps across the newly revealed land of Greece.
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rebellion. Effectively, his book dates from 1805; therefore it greatly predates Chateaubriand's travel to Greece, and it has the quality of exactitude that compensates well the lack of style.
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1811:"As the British laboured to prevent Ali from forming an alliance with Napoleon, French interests were quietly being promoted in Janina by their agent, François Pouqueville." Miranda Vickers
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Pouqueville took advantage of his new situation by exploring the surrounding regions and by researching the sites of ancient Greece. He remained in Tripolitza through the harsh 1798 winter.
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the same number of verses, convinced that the measure of tempo must be in tune with the measure of the rhythm of the thoughts." Népomucène Lermercier. Urbain Canel, Libraire, Paris, 1824.
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He kept a detailed journal describing his observations and discoveries made in the course his numerous explorations of Greece and the Balkans during his 15 years of diplomatic service in
1964:"On Cockerell the brothers Pouqueville made a much less pleasing impression. Perhaps he thought they did not take enough notice of him, or perhaps because he was a little too English..."
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All along, he described the daily life, the usages and customs, and the traditions of the Greeks of the Peloponnese surviving under their appalling economic and political conditions.
1138:. This occurred on the shores of Navarino, where, 30 years before, Pouqueville had been put in chains, to be imprisoned by the Turks, and where he took his first steps on Greek land.
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on 20 October 1827. This naval victory sealed the fate of 360 years of Turkish occupation of Greece. In 1828, French troops expelled the Turkish garrison that had been holding the
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Having caught a bad fever that prevented him from continuing his scientific researches, Pouqueville was advised by Kleber to return to France to receive better medical attention.
2446:"But it is made certain by the learned researches of M. de Pouqueville that he (Ali Pasha) sprang from a native stock, and not an Asiatic one, as he pretended." Alexandre Dumas
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positions and his constant opposition to Ali's rule made Pouqueville's situation progressively more dangerous. After Pouqueville had ordered French troops to join the Greeks of
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In the same way, after murdering General Roze, who had treated him with uniform kindness, he submitted to the daily checks and menaces of Pouqueville, by whom he was replaced.
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Page IV/347, "Manual of classical literature and art – Archaeology of Greek literature" from J.J. Eschenburg, by N.W. Fiske, Professor in Amherst College. (4th Ed. 1849)
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17 years later, Pouqueville found Achmet Pacha banished in Larissa, and brought him some financial help, but the former pacha died of starvation a short time afterwards.
1785:, Pouqueville was well armed for the pursuit of his two careers as diplomat and as voyager-archaeologist in which he was to acquire a just notoriety". Henri Dehérain,
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As part of the broader break-up of the Ottoman Empire, the ancient nation's rebirth followed over subsequent decades with its war of independence and its liberation.
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inscriptions which he deciphered. It pertained to the time when the Roman armies appeared in Greece (c. 197 BC) and was a decree of the Senate and of the people of
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Moustapha received him with some indifference, but he gave him decent lodging and protected him against the brutalities of the Albanian soldiers who guarded him.
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were to some extent dependent upon information gleaned by the French resident François Pouqueville, who had in 1805 published an influential travelogue entitled
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can't imagine his anger truly comical: "It takes twelve things to be a doctor. You have eleven. – And which one do I lack? – You don't know how to make money. –
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He is now generally considered as unreliable, because of his habit of mixing his own observations and mere hearsay, and his fictionalized treatment of history;
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In 1811, joined by his brother Hugues who had also been named consul in Greece, they researched and recorded the remains of no fewer than 65 antique cities in
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Initially known as a young Royalist minister, he was protected and saved by his congregation from the massacres of aristocrats by revolutionary mobs in the
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352:, he resigned from the clergy to become a teacher (1794) and a municipal assistant at Le Merlereault (1795). He remained a fervent Christian all his life.
2066:"Moreover, the famous Pasha of Ioannina, Ali of Tebelen, where Napoleon has a consul, Pouqueville, is increasingly hostile to France: he is just opposite
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Henri Dehérain, Revue de l'histoire des colonies françaises, une correspondence inédite de François Pouqueville, Edouard Champion Publisher, Paris 1921
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His detailed letters to his siblings are still an exceptional source of knowledge on the life of a world traveler, explorer, and diplomat during the
1824:"Much of the intercourse in Greece has always gone on by small coasters. Pouqueville mentions traces of a paved road between Corinth and Argos" (7)
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and published in 1805, was a huge literary success internationally and also resulted in his nomination as Napoleon's consul general to the court of
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information far more exact than those given by the travellers who preceded him, and consequently his testimony must be admitted today as decisive.
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His uncommon talent as a writer revealed itself early in a lifelong correspondence with his younger brother, Hugues, and their sister, Adèle.
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translated into Italian in 1829 and not surprisingly published in Piedmont where it exercised considerable influence on Italian nationalists.
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I am in great want of a book which describes minutely the Environs of Constantinople...you would oblige me if you would send it without delay
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in their successful defense against Ali's murderous hordes, he often had to remain in his house lest Ali Pasha would have him assassinated.
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Mémoire historique et diplomatique sur le commerce et les établissements français au Levant, depuis l'an 500 jusqu’à la fin du XVII siècle
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in the course of several archeological surveys across Greece. Together, they reported many forgotten or previously unknown antique sites.
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with the ill-fated French Fleet under the command of Général Bonaparte as it sailed towards Egypt. On the way, he witnessed the taking of
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Jules Auguste Lair, La Captivité de François Pouqueville en Morée, Recueil des publications diverses de l'Institut de France, Paris, 1902
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degree repress his hospitality and attentions — an instance of good manners which would be surprising in the hate-ridden world of today."
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In 1801, twenty five months after being jailed in Constantinople, at the insistence of the French government and with the help from the
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In 1797, Pouqueville left Le Merlerault for Paris. The following year, Pouqueville was one of the surgeons who accompanied then-general
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At first, he was welcomed by the famous pasha whom he accompanied on several of his excursions and who helped him discover his native
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when the city was abandoned by the British to Ali Pacha's cruelty in 1818 also inspired a major painting by Italian romantic painter
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Soon, Ali Pacha would be disposed of by the Turkish emissaries from Constantinople and his severed head brought back to the Sultan.
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Pouqueville tried saving the life of the dying Adjutant-general Rose, but it was too late. Rose had been France's representative in
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1912:"(2)Acherusia: According to Pouqueville, the lake of Yanina, but Pouqueville is always out.(3) The celebrated Ali Pacha: Of this
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liberated in Malta, attacked the merchant vessel where Pouqueville was a passenger, took him prisoner and sold him to the Turks.
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His knowledge of the region and of the local languages made him the ideal diplomatic agent for Napoleon and his foreign minister
68:
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Duke d'Audiffret-Pasquier – Mémoires de mon temps. Mémoires du chancellier Pasquier. Partie 2. Restoration.2. 1820–1824 (tome 5)
2330:
Paul Sant Cassia, Constantina Barda. Cambridge Studies in Social and Cultural Anthropology – Cambridge University Press (2006).
1337:
964:
1449:
Pouqueville, aged 68, died peacefully at their residence at 3, rue de l'Abbaye in Paris on 20 December 1838. His grave at the
1222:
abominations perpetrated by Ali Pacha and his bands of assassins with the complicity of the Turkish Sultan and his allies."
2608:
2548:
J. Rombault, François Pouqueville, membre de l'Institut, Bulletin de la Société historique et archéologique de l'Orne, 1887
2420:
The lyrics of his song, entitled "Dernier chant des Parguinotes" was published in 1824 by member of the Académie française
2383:
444:
75:
2109:
To confirm my opinion, I will only refer to the last and most impartial observer of the modern Greeks: doctor Pouqueville.
1952:
Dr. Pouqueville's volume, being collected by himself during a long residence in the country, is deserving every attention.
273:
movement throughout Europe and contributed eminently to the liberation of the Greeks and the rebirth of the Greek nation.
2203:
distinctions, Hugues Pouqueville was awarded the Royal Order of Isabella-the-Catholic – the highest Spanish distinction.
1191:
1028:
Thereafter, whenever he had an official communication for Ali, his brother Hugues (himself French consul in nearby Arta
2175:
On 11 June 1822, the Times published the text of the official protest by the Greek Provisional Government, as follows:
1615:(I give up!), I told him." Unpublished correspondence of François Pouqueville. Édouard Champion, Publisher, Paris 1921.
1583:
1103:
His reports described these events as well as the destruction, which he qualified as devastating.(In his memoirs, Duke
1029:
976:
643:
57:
2470:
The Chant of the Parguinots or "Hymne Funèbre sur Parga" as put in verses by Népomucène Lemercier says in its curse:
108:
610:
2385:(« Peut-être (...) emporté par une imagination mainte fois soulignée, Pouqueville s'est trompé (...) » )
681:. He sought to attend to other French prisoners who were gravely ill and held in a distant jail. At the time, the
2544:
2315:
excited a greater interest in France than any book on Greece since the appearance of the work of Abbé Barthélémy.
2241:
insufficient relief. Hence,... M. Pouqueville who lost everything in Patras, will receive three thousand francs.
1305:"With his writings he contributed powerfully to the return of their antique nationality to the oppressed Greeks"
2638:
1443:
46:
1486:(London: Printed for Sir Richard Phillips and Co, 1820), an English denatured and truncated edition available
1420:
1112:
was the first example of the courageous self-sacrifice with which the French consuls fulfilled their duties.")
666:. With the help of the Sultan's gardener, whom he had befriended, he even explored the garden of the Sultan's
2648:
1654:"One can read in Pouqueville an exact description of Tripolitza, capital of the Peloponnese." Chateaubriand,
1507:(Paris, 1824, 4 vol. in-8°), translated in many languages. French original edition available on Google books
289:
2282:"Mr Pouqueville, in his substantial work filled with facts, has established the same truths." Chateaubriand
1263:
1187:
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who had been supportive of the Greeks were forced to leave the country, and Pouqueville returned to France.
2618:
1256:
1450:
1355:, whom he inspired and guided, as early as 1805, to visit Greece and Egypt. He also frequented physicists
2398:
2098:
Voyage dans l'Asie Mineure, en Mésopotamie, à Palmyre, en Syrie, en Palestine et en Egypte. Tome 2 (1836)
1682:
1081:
After Napoleon's abdication in 1815, François Pouqueville left Ioannina and was sent as French consul to
673:
On occasions, he convinced his guards to let him travel through the City of Constantinople and along the
332:
560:. The Ottoman Empire was at war with France at the time. He was remanded to the custody of the pasha of
2180:*Mr Green gave as a reason for this refusal that his goods had been destroyed in the burning of Patras.
483:
82:
2623:
2613:
2421:
2418:, that has been recorded and is now a song". François Pouqueville, Letter to Mr Ruffin. 14 April 1820
1391:
1089:
1473:(Paris, 1805, 3 vol. in-8°), translated in English, German, Greek, Italian, Swedish, etc. available
1104:
1471:
Voyage en Morée, à Constantinople, en Albanie, et dans plusieurs autres parties de l'Empire Ottoman
980:
922:
His diplomatic status enabled Pouqueville to explore Greece in its entirety; he traveled as far as
1074:
1003:
901:
865:"Travel to Epirus, to Constantinople, to Albania and to several other parts of the Ottoman Empire"
703:
540:
1501:(Paris, 1820–1822, 5 vol. in-8° ; deuxième édit., 1826–1827, 6 vol. in-8°), his capital work
1360:
1088:
They pursued their increasing contacts with the growing Greek rebellion, which culminated in the
355:
202:
35:
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1693:(MWS letters I, 431). She would doubtless have received Colburn's publication of Pouqueville's
1522:
1474:
1270:
691:
487:
2557:
New York Graphic Society, INGRES Centennial Exhibition 1867–1967, Greenwich, Connecticut, 1967
1573:
628:'s cruel perfidy. A few years later, he would be replaced by Pouqueville himself in Ioannina.
1031:), had to bring it for him to the pasha whose atrocities he also witnessed throughout Epirus
872:
625:
468:
336:
1260:
Voyage du jeune Anarcharsis en Grèce dans le milieu du quatrième siècle avant l'ère vulgaire
658:. The two men continued their correspondence long after their release until Ruffin's death.
341:
2603:
2598:
916:
402:
1495:
Romans et Aventures Célèbres – Edition Illustrée – La Librairie Illustrée, Paris 8 c. 1820
1303:
engraved in the marble of François Pouqueville's grave proclaims, in French and in Greek:
885:
Pouqueville accepted the post that would also enable him to pursue his studies of Greece.
8:
1278:
1232:
They had a considerable influence throughout Europe as it was gained by the ideas of the
324:
1896:
1671:
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until 1816, soon followed by his brother Hugues Pouqueville who replaced him as Consul.
760:
303:. He became a deacon and was ordained at 21. He then was vicar in his native Montmarcé.
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2266:
2159:
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923:
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However, his renunciation of the cloth, Republican speeches, and open criticism of the
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With his far reaching diplomacy and writings, he became a prominent architect of the
1642:
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663:
348:
In 1793, he was assistant to the mayor; finding his vocation with the events of the
2583:
2380:
Les Doriens de la Métropole : Étude de topographie et de géographie historique
1685:(MWS) was concerned to describe accurately the geography of the area; she wrote to
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850:
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In the spring, the Sultan ordered that he be transferred with his co-prisoners to
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the Ottoman Empire that would enable the regeneration of free Greek nationalism.
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437:
394:
317:
227:
2543:
Tobias George Smollett, The Critical Review, Or, Annals of Literature ~ online:
1276:
For his services to their Country, the Greeks honored him with the award of the
1895:"There he found Ali Pasha entertaining two Frenchmen, François Pouqueville and
1849:
decrees that should be studied and carefully copied" (Voyages, 2nd ed., iv,113)
1686:
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1199:
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476:
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entrusted Pouqueville with the negotiations for the exchange of prisoners with
251:
1950:
After having repeatedly criticised Pouqueville's work, Hobhouse finally wrote:
826:
diplomats in Turkey, François Pouqueville was set free. He returned to Paris.
812:
His humane survey of Greece as early as 1798 is an early manifestation of the
609:, where they were incarcerated for two years in the Fortress of Seven Towers,
2592:
2252:
In the "Brussels Papers" of the Morning Chronicles, London 28 September 1822:
1352:
853:
that caused him to be nominated for the awards for the prizes of the decade.
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502:
328:
270:
162:
134:
1829:
1544:établies dans les montagnes de la Grèce, depuis Fienne jusque dans la Morée
1399:
779:
712:
382:
2499:"Ottocento: Romantism and Revolution in 19th Century Italian painting" by
2132:
Maria Todorova, author. Publisher: Oxford University Press. New York, 1997
1670:
2nd Edition, Lupton Relfe, London (1823) available online at Google Books
1179:
Upon his return to France, François Pouqueville was awarded a seat at the
1695:
Travels in the Morea, Albania and other parts of the Ottoman Empire...etc
1436:
1314:
1244:
1203:
1018:
857:
813:
743:
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406:
259:
1755:"For the references, I am indebted to Pouqueville (Voyage de la Grece)"
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995:
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1154:
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2354:
The Muslim Bonaparte: diplomacy and orientalism in Ali Pasha's Greece
1757:
Modern Greek folklore and ancient Greek religion: a study in revivals
1541:
1240:
1195:
1142:
granted him his pardon, the pasha found an excuse to have the pirate
1124:
960:
678:
674:
533:
240:
1916:
there is an incorrect account in Pouqueville's Travels. Lord Byron "
1330:
He became a member of the Parisian gentry and was a regular at many
1169:
1066:
697:
24:
2243:
F-R de Chateaubriand, Opinions & Speeches, Vol.14, Paris (1852)
1446:, who was one of their friends, also painted his portrait in 1834.
1383:
934:
802:
716:
576:
517:
413:
378:
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263:
236:
166:
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H. Duclos, Publisher. "Romans et Aventures Célèbres" Paris, c.1820
420:. This was a crucial decision that affected the rest of his life.
254:
from 1798 to 1820; first as the Turkish sultan's hostage, then as
2021:
1728:"Byron had yet to die to make philhellenism generally acceptable"
1533:
1526:
1478:
1321:
1300:
909:
888:
492:
390:
300:
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Jean-Denis Barbié du Bocage, author of a fine atlas attached to
860:
were now for Pouqueville as strong as his passion for medicine.
570:
Soon after, Moustapha was deposed and replaced by Achmet Pacha.
2568:
2297:
Der Philhellenismus in der westeuropäischen Literatur 1780–1830
2164:
L'Orient 1718–1845: Histoire, politique, religion, moeurs, etc.
1845:
1454:
1409:
His writings on the outrages inflicted upon the inhabitants of
1082:
952:
945:
938:
927:
823:
732:
651:
621:
435:
teaching the French soldiers and sailors the vibrant lyrics of
424:
366:
232:
2041:
of 21 October 1822, an English editorialist finally admitted:"
1954:
Hobhouse's Travels – London Morning Chronicle, 18 January 1822
1601:
1795 – notes and journals of François de Pouqueville (unpubl.)
1435:
François Pouqueville's life companion was the popular painter-
1239:
His books also gave a precise and detailed description of the
646:. Pouqueville attended to Ruffin's health, nicknaming him the
2112:
2067:
1714:
and François Pouqueville." Umut Özkinimli & Spyros Sofos
1410:
1057:(Histoire de la régénération de la Grèce, tome I, chapter 1.)
1022:
739:
667:
591:
561:
549:
450:
428:
417:
231:; 4 November 1770 – 20 December 1838) was a French diplomat,
1689:, the literary adviser for Henry Colburn, Mary's publisher:
1367:, who paid him homage in the book he wrote about Ali Pasha.
1092:, declared on 25 March 1821 in the Agios Georgios chapel in
893:
771:
1398:
a tragedy in five acts (Paris, 1825), and romantic painter
1386:
perpetrated by Ali Pacha in 1804 and published in his book
1206:
1115:
1061:
805:, he soon came to appreciate the budding Greek resurgence.
374:
296:
2659:
Members of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres
2117:
Thomas Thorton, The present state of Turkey, vol.II (1812)
16:
French diplomat, writer, explorer, physician and historian
1935:
Voyage en Morée, à Constantinople, en Albanie...1798–1801
1273:
notes that he transforms "history into childish fable".
915:
For a time, he was also accompanied by the British agent
631:
While imprisoned, Pouqueville befriended French diplomat
1309:
798:
identity appeared to be very much alive to Pouqueville.
690:
remained practically unexplored by westerners since the
292:
of the French monarchy at the turn of the 19th century.
1216:
462:
205:, diplomat, writer, physician, historian, archaeologist
1716:
Tormented by History: Nationalism in Greece and Turkey
405:'s doctor when she gave birth to Napoleon's only son,
393:), as Bonaparte (nicknamed Captain Cannon) did at the
2085:
An unpublished correspondence of François Pouqueville
1640:
An unpublished correspondence of François Pouqueville
1575:
Literature of Travel and Exploration: An Encyclopedia
1351:
He befriended many artists and intellectuals such as
586:
2410:"In every salons in Paris, they now sing my lyrics,
2339:
according to Pouqueville in the introduction of his
2269:, Memoirs (Excerpts). Translated by Rick Μ. Newton:
2156:
incited by the British consulate's drogman, Barthold
735:, and a few lighter poems dedicated to Rose Ruffin.
327:, he supported the rising democratic movement. When
276:
2395:
Aetolia; its geography, topography, and antiquities
2154:"But Patras was no more; Yousouf, pasha of Serres,
1484:
Travels in Epirus, Albania, Macedonia, and Thessaly
845:Upon his return, he submitted his doctorate thesis
528:
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2191:take part in the battles between Greeks and Turks.
1981:Lord Byron's Correspondence – John Murray, Editor.
1493:Prisonnier ches les Turcs & Le Tigre de Janina
2284:Note on Grece – Itinerary from Paris to Jerusalem
2193:Spuridon Trikoupis – History of Greek Revolution.
1457:made by one of his closest friends, the sculptor
1425:bronze sculpture of Pouqueville by David d'Angers
1340:'s, who portrayed him in one of her best sellers
801:As a fervent believer in the French revolution's
766:
523:
2590:
1851:Lamberton – Plutarch, 2001 Yale University Press
1382:The chapter he wrote about the massacre of the
2056:"Histoire de la Grèce ancienne. Tome 1" (1826)
1344:as the affectionate and humoristic character,
1288:were the dedications by prominent French poet
889:Increasing conflict with Ali Pasha of Ioannina
520:. Pouqueville was among those taken prisoner.
512:. En route to Italy, the ship was attacked by
369:made him the target of resurgent royalists in
139:François Pouqueville in front of Ioannina, by
1929:"In fact (as their critics pointed out) both
1159:map of Greece made by Barbié du Bocage (1821)
847:De febre adeno-nevrosa seu de peste orientali
829:
738:Throughout his captivity, Pouqueville kept a
963:proclaiming the brothers Publius and Lucius
2664:Commission des Sciences et des Arts members
1787:Revue de l'Histoire des colonies françaises
1396:"The martyrs of Souli or the modern Epirus"
1194:, associate member of the Royal Academy of
1181:Academie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres
537:"Greek beauty": The princess Helena Soutzos
486:, he quickly developed a great respect for
431:, and he spent the days of the crossing to
220:François Charles Hugues Laurent Pouqueville
2551:Auguste Boppe, L'Albanie et Napoléon, 1914
2111:Dr Pouqueville had the means to gather on
1901:Ottoman and Persian Odysseys: James Morier
1149:
856:However, his interests for literature and
839:Portrait of François Pouqueville by Ingres
654:, with whom he perfected his knowledge of
449:Bonaparte visiting the plague-stricken in
133:
2087:Édouard Champion, Publisher, Paris (1921)
1718:Columbia University Press (25 April 2008)
1645:. Édouard Champion, Publisher, Paris 1921
1119:1827 Naval battle of Navarino by Garneray
1010:However, after Napoleon's 1807 treaty of
719:. He wrote several oriental pieces like:
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1549:Notice sur la fin tragique d'Ali-Tébélen
1430:
1419:
1369:
1313:
1168:
1153:
1114:
1065:
1062:Patras and the Greek War of Independence
1036:
994:
892:
833:
770:
696:
590:
532:
443:
354:
305:
1555:
1505:Histoire de la régénération de la Grèce
1205:, member of the Society of Sciences of
2591:
2580:Works by or about François Pouqueville
1568:
776:Greek boy defending his wounded father
295:Pouqueville studied at the college of
213:His influential diplomacy and writings
1310:Intellectual and artistic social life
642:who had been held prisoner since the
226:
2145:Taplinger Publishing, New York 1970.
1970:(Taplinger Publishing New York 1970)
1941:(Cambridge Companions to Literature)
1918:Childe Harold's Pilgrimage: Canto II
1734:(Taplinger Publishing New York 1970)
1519:La Grèce, dans l'Univers pittoresque
1217:Writer of the regeneration of Greece
463:Egypt: Bonaparte, Nelson and pirates
339:), Pouqueville was secretary of the
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
1801:David Daniels, New York City, 1967.
1296:, odes to the combats for freedom.
711:While in jail, Pouqueville studied
381:by the army of the Republic led by
373:. He went into hiding (probably in
250:He traveled extensively throughout
13:
1865:Michigan Historical Reprint Series
1815:I.B. Taurus Editions, Revised 2001
1578:. London: Routledge. p. 511.
967:as their friends and benefactors.
863:The publication of his first book
587:Constantinople: prisons and harems
482:While meeting with leaders of the
441:, the new French national anthem.
258:'s general consul at the court of
14:
2695:
2654:Members of the Académie Française
2561:
2513:Voyage de la Grèce, fourth volume
2503:- Philip Wilson Publishers (2003)
2436:Chateaubriand, Etudes historiques
2207:– François de Pouqueville (2009).
2158:, stormed this infortunate town,
2073:"Colonial madness under Napoléon"
548:Pouqueville was first brought to
385:of the royalist forces joined by
288:, the Napoleonic Empire, and the
277:Youth: minister and revolutionary
2684:18th-century French male writers
2679:19th-century French male writers
2669:Burials at Montparnasse Cemetery
2567:
1939:The Cambridge Companion to Byron
1668:The life of Ali Pacha of Jannina
1388:History of Greece's regeneration
1190:, honorary member of the Paris'
529:Peloponnese: Pasha and physician
23:
2674:French male non-fiction writers
2644:Knights of the Legion of Honour
2506:
2493:
2481:Dévore l'Anglais, son complice,
2464:
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2428:
2404:
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2183:
2169:
2148:
2135:
2120:
2102:
2090:
2077:
2060:
2048:
2031:
2013:
2008:"Travels in Greece and Albania"
2001:
1985:
1973:
1957:
1944:
1923:
1906:
1889:
1877:
1868:
1855:
1838:
1834:Life and Epistles of Saint Paul
1818:
1813:The Albanians: a modern history
1805:
1792:
1789:, Édouard Champion, Paris, 1921
1775:
1762:
1749:
1737:
1721:
1262:, and who was a founder of the
335:on 14 July 1793 (year 2 of the
34:needs additional citations for
2634:18th-century French physicians
2629:19th-century French physicians
2532:Biographie universelle Michaud
2028:François de Pouqueville (2009)
2010:Rev. T.S. Hugues (London 1830)
1759:by John Cuthbert Lawson (1898)
1704:
1675:
1660:
1648:
1632:
1629:François de Pouqueville (2009)
1618:
1604:
1592:
1562:
1174:François de Pouqueville c.1811
767:The emergence of Philhellenism
524:Prisoner of the Turkish sultan
1:
2484:Et que tout opresseur pâlisse
2367:The Greek War of Independence
1863:"The works of Philip Lindsey"
1186:He was elected member of the
1000:Ali Pasha hunting on the lake
789:As a hostage of the Turks in
782:, a French painter(1795–1858)
2487:De tes coups sur l'iniquité!
2472:O feu vengeur de la justice,
1701:(Wordsworth Classics, 1826).
759:, and future consul-general
7:
2609:19th-century French writers
2460:Romanticism (Icon Editions)
1683:Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley
1390:(1824) inspired playwright
867:, dedicated to the Emperor
10:
2700:
2521:
2308:Announcement published in
1745:"Letter to Hobhouse"(1805)
951:In 1813, he discovered in
830:Diplomat and archaeologist
2478:Consume un Pacha détesté,
2312:London 9 December 1820: "
1844:"Nearly a century before
1164:
1090:Greek War of Independence
723:, a short humorous poem,
624:and had fallen victim to
360:François Pouqueville 1805
209:
198:
190:
174:
148:
132:
125:
2475:Tonnerre du ciel irrité,
2397:, 1897, p. 31 n.1 (
1732:"The Diamond of Jannina"
1521:(1835, in-8°) available
1464:
1326:" by Ary Scheffer (1827)
1123:In the end, the foreign
506:La madonna di Montenegro
423:Pouqueville embarked at
1656:From Paris to Jerusalem
1150:Return to Parisian life
1071:Uprising of Salona 1821
1017:Pouqueville's frequent
849:a work on the oriental
501:He boarded the Italian
323:Like many young French
252:Ottoman-occupied Greece
2490:on the Ionian shores."
2310:The Morning Chronicles
2143:The Diamond of Jannina
1968:The Diamond of Jannina
1515:, (Paris, 1833, in-8°)
1453:is ornamented with an
1427:
1379:
1327:
1271:William John Woodhouse
1176:
1161:
1120:
1078:
1044:
1007:
905:
842:
783:
708:
692:Fall of Constantinople
602:
545:
459:
397:, and later in Paris.
377:) until the defeat in
362:
313:
58:"François Pouqueville"
2639:French archaeologists
2341:Le Voyage de la Grèce
2130:Imagining the Balkans
1532:Trois Mémoires sur l'
1451:Montparnasse cemetery
1431:Final years and death
1423:
1373:
1317:
1264:Société de Géographie
1172:
1157:
1118:
1069:
1040:
998:
896:
873:Ali Pasha of Ioannina
837:
774:
700:
626:Ali Pasha of Ioannina
594:
556:, the capital of the
536:
447:
358:
309:
2649:People from Argentan
2576:at Wikimedia Commons
2574:François Pouqueville
2422:Népomucène Lemercier
1996:The Edinburgh Review
1885:Michelin Guide, 2006
1556:Notes and references
1392:Népomucène Lemercier
1363:, and the novelist,
1342:Quel amour d'enfant!
1209:, and Knight of the
917:William Martin Leake
488:William Sidney Smith
403:Empress Marie-Louise
311:Le Merlerault church
243:, and member of the
127:François Pouqueville
43:improve this article
2619:French philhellenes
1994:|anonymous author,
1404:"The Souliot women"
1286:"To M. Pouqueville"
1279:Order of the Savior
1192:Academy of Medicine
677:all the way to the
644:expedition of Egypt
299:before joining the
2501:Roberto J.M. Olsen
2205:Biographical notes
2026:Biographical notes
1931:Byron and Hobhouse
1627:Biographical notes
1499:Voyage de la Grèce
1440:Henriette Lorimier
1428:
1380:
1378:by Francesco Hayez
1375:the Parga betrayal
1328:
1177:
1162:
1132:Battle of Navarino
1121:
1079:
1045:
1008:
955:a stone slab with
906:
843:
784:
709:
603:
546:
460:
363:
345:that approved it.
342:assemblée primaire
314:
256:Napoleon Bonaparte
245:Institut de France
141:Henriette Lorimier
2572:Media related to
1914:extraordinary man
1542:colonies valaques
1442:. Master painter
1346:Monsieur Tocambel
1338:Countess of Ségur
1290:Casimir Delavigne
1234:French Revolution
1188:Institut d'Égypte
755:, future general
484:British Admiralty
471:in 1798, General
469:battle of Aboukir
456:Antoine-Jean Gros
416:'s expedition to
350:French Revolution
286:French Revolution
217:
216:
119:
118:
111:
93:
2691:
2624:French explorers
2614:French diplomats
2584:Internet Archive
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2017:
2011:
2005:
1999:
1989:
1983:
1977:
1971:
1961:
1955:
1948:
1942:
1937:" Drummond Bone
1927:
1921:
1910:
1904:
1897:Julien Bessières
1893:
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1881:
1875:
1872:
1866:
1859:
1853:
1842:
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1796:
1790:
1783:The Seven Towers
1779:
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1599:From my solitude
1596:
1590:
1589:
1570:Speake, Jennifer
1566:
1540:Mémoire sur les
1198:, member of the
761:Julien Bessières
641:
467:After the first
331:adopted the new
239:, physician and
230:
228:[pukvil]
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178:20 December 1838
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2018:
2014:
2006:
2002:
1990:
1986:
1978:
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1966:William Plomer
1962:
1958:
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1945:
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1907:
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1826:W. J. Conybeare
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1377:
1365:Alexandre Dumas
1312:
1219:
1211:Legion of Honor
1167:
1152:
1064:
992:
891:
832:
769:
715:and translated
635:
589:
531:
526:
491:"blood-thirsty
465:
438:La Marseillaise
395:Siege of Toulon
337:French Republic
318:Reign of Terror
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159:4 November 1770
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2562:External links
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2037:In the London
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1781:"When he left
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1687:Charles Ollier
1674:
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1647:
1643:Henri Dehérain
1631:
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1591:
1585:978-1579582470
1584:
1572:, ed. (2014).
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477:Admiral Nelson
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753:Jean Poitevin
748:
745:
742:written in a
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645:
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633:Pierre Ruffin
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584:
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571:
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564:, Moustapha.
563:
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555:
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544:
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516:pirates near
515:
514:Barbary Coast
511:
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503:merchant ship
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271:Philhellenism
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199:Occupation(s)
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185:Paris, France
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163:Le Merlerault
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63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
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21:
20:
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2042:
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2025:
2015:
2007:
2003:
1995:
1991:
1987:
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1963:
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1946:
1938:
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1884:
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1840:
1833:
1830:J. S. Howson
1820:
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1777:
1768:
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1723:
1715:
1706:
1699:The Last Man
1698:
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1690:
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1408:
1403:
1400:Ary Scheffer
1395:
1387:
1381:
1374:
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1341:
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1329:
1319:
1304:
1298:
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1285:
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1268:
1259:
1257:Barthelemy's
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818:
811:
807:
800:
796:
788:
785:
780:Ary Scheffer
775:
749:
737:
725:La Gueuseade
724:
720:
713:modern Greek
710:
701:
688:
672:
660:
630:
619:
615:
604:
596:
582:
575:
572:
569:
566:
552:and then to
547:
538:
505:
500:
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481:
466:
448:
436:
422:
411:
399:
383:Lazare Hoche
364:
359:
347:
340:
333:Constitution
322:
315:
310:
294:
283:
280:
268:
249:
219:
218:
180:(1838-12-20)
120:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2604:1838 deaths
2599:1770 births
2540:1904 ;
2458:Hugh Honor
2365:D. Brewer,
2267:Makriyannis
1437:portraitist
1294:Messeiennes
1245:archaeology
1202:of Corcyre
1075:Louis Dupré
1019:Philhellene
1004:Louis Dupré
902:Louis Dupré
858:archaeology
814:philhellene
744:secret code
704:Louis Dupré
702:"Pasha" by
656:orientalism
636: [
558:Peloponnese
541:Louis Dupré
407:Napoleon II
325:aristocrats
290:restoration
203:Academician
191:Nationality
2593:Categories
2378:Rousset,
2356:p. 21
2020:estate in
1712:Lord Byron
1613:Abrenuntio
1336:, such as
1253:geographer
1249:topography
1109:Chancellor
973:Lord Byron
957:Acarnanian
880:Talleyrand
869:Napoleon I
757:Charbonnel
721:The Pariah
554:Tripolitza
510:Alexandria
433:Alexandria
155:1770-11-04
99:March 2023
69:newspapers
2528:Monmerqué
2448:Ali Pasha
2369:p. 3
1402:to paint
1394:to write
1266:in 1821.
1241:geography
1196:Marseille
1125:legations
1042:Ali Pasha
987:English.
981:Cockerell
971:included
961:Acarnania
924:Macedonia
898:Ali Pasha
694:in 1453.
679:Black Sea
675:Bosphorus
414:Bonaparte
409:in 1811.
260:Ali Pasha
241:historian
2414:from my
2399:en ligne
2382:note 18
2265:General
2160:Germanos
2044:smiled".
1666:Page 94
1406:(1827).
1384:Souliots
1105:Pasquier
977:Hobhouse
935:Ioannina
803:humanism
786:Source:
727:in four
717:Anacreon
611:Yedikule
598:Yedikule
577:pashalic
550:Navarino
518:Calabria
387:Charette
379:Quiberon
371:Normandy
264:Ioannina
237:explorer
169:, France
167:Normandy
2582:at the
2522:Sources
2273:28/1986
2022:Angiers
1534:Illyrie
1527:Gallica
1523:on line
1488:on line
1479:Gallica
1475:on line
1322:Souliot
1301:epitaph
1144:impaled
1012:Tilsitt
965:Acilius
948:alone.
937:and in
910:Albania
824:Russian
740:journal
733:sestets
731:and in
650:of the
493:cyclops
391:chouans
301:Lisieux
224:French:
83:scholar
2416:Voyage
2166:Tome 2
1998:, 1818
1903:(1823)
1846:Delphi
1582:
1455:effigy
1444:Ingres
1361:Ampère
1333:salons
1165:Honors
1094:Patras
1083:Patras
1077:(1825)
1006:(1825)
979:, and
953:Actium
946:Epirus
939:Patras
928:Thrace
904:, 1820
900:after
851:plague
841:(1834)
729:chants
706:(1825)
683:plague
652:Orient
648:Nestor
622:Epirus
543:, 1820
473:Kleber
425:Toulon
367:papacy
233:writer
194:French
143:, 1830
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2113:Morea
2068:Corfu
2039:Times
1465:Works
1411:Parga
1357:Arago
1324:Women
1073:, by
1023:Parga
975:with
668:harem
640:]
601:today
562:Morea
454:, by
451:Jaffa
429:Malta
418:Egypt
90:JSTOR
76:books
1828:and
1580:ISBN
1359:and
1320:The
1299:The
1207:Bonn
926:and
595:The
375:Caen
297:Caen
175:Died
149:Born
62:news
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