212:, the first novel written in Canada. This brief stint in North America has caused some critics to label her "the first novelist in North America." Evidence of Brooke's wisdom and experience of life and its vicissitudes is apparent in her writing. One exemplary observation reflects that "It is a painful consideration, my dear, that the happiness or misery of our lives are generally determined before we are proper judges of either." Another reviewer recommended it for young ladies and praised the writer for her "art of engaging the attention by a lively stile, a happy descriptive talent, characters well-marked, and a variety of tender and delicate sentiments".
51:
1388:
1407:
713:. Brooke herself was the subject of her own monograph, and in recent years has gained popularity as the "destroyer of English (not literally)" after an online article published by the University of Pennsylvania, which regards Brooke as being used in the earliest Oxford English Dictionary citation of the hyperbolic use of the word "literally" to mean "figuratively".
651:. Her literary reception is based mostly on this publication. It was popular among scholars after its recovery, with more than a dozen scholarly articles written on its subject matter by 2004. Modern paperback reprints include a definitive scholarly edition. Critics of Brooke have studied themes present in
671:
s artistic shortcomings are obvious: the plot is thin, conventional, repetitive, and poorly integrated with the informative sections of the book; the style is generally stilted and monotonous; the characters, with one or two exceptions, are traditional in conception and deficient in life; the whole
662:
are often debated among critics, its reception as a work is largely neutral to negative. Recent critics such as Dermot McCarthy concede that "Brooke's inability to imagine her ambivalence... is understandable given her time and background.... However, her failure should not be endorsed." Desmond
716:
In 1985, the
International Astronomical Union's Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature, approving 337 names for features on the surface of Venus, honoured Brooke by naming a crater after her.
223:
citation for the hyperbolic or figurative sense of "literally"; the sentence from the novel was, "He is a fortunate man to be introduced to such a party of fine women at his arrival; it is literally
701:, have received scholarly interest for their pastoral traditions and their political satire against the English theatre industry of the 18th century, while some of her works such as her 1781 play
690:
in its
September 1769 issue wrote that its "frost pieces... decorate a short story which has nothing extraordinary in it." While Brooke is promoted as a Canadian novelist, Benet's
309:
by
Jessica Smith and Paula Backscheider, which also refers to editions of Frances Brooke's works and to full-length critical monographs and biographical studies of the author.
170:
By the late 1740s, she had moved to London, where she embarked on her career as a poet and playwright. She did not drew attention until she published her essay serial
343:
Robert James
Merrett, "Signs of Nationalism in The History of Emily Montague, Canadians of Old and the Imperialist: Cultural Displacement and the Semiotics of Wine",
1533:
1538:
1412:
199:, Canada to join her husband, who was then chaplain to the British garrison there. In autumn 1768 she returned to London, where she continued her writing.
655:
such as applying free-trade imperialism to 18th-century Canada, proto-feminism, and displacing the French
Catholic threat in British Columbian colonies.
942:
1553:
1154:
McMaster, Juliet (April 1999). "Young Jane Austen and the First
Canadian Novel: From Emily Montague to "Amelia Webster" and Love and Freindship".
1241:
Charles, Katherine G. (1 December 2014). "Staging
Sociability in the Excursion: Frances Brooke, David Garrick, and the King's Theatre Coterie".
1050:
Wyett, Jodi L. (2003). "'No Place Where Women Are of Such
Importance': Female Friendship, Empire, and Utopia in the History of Emily Montague".
191:, Norfolk. The following year he left for Canada as a military chaplain while his wife remained in England. In 1763 she wrote her first novel,
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have close to no reception. Brooke's personal life is the subject of a number of scholarly journals, mostly on her relations with actors
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906:
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Arch, Stephen Carl (2004). "Frances Brooke's 'Circle of
Friends': The Limits of Epistolarity in the History of Emily Montague".
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866:
841:
17:
325:
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891:
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1085:
Vanek, Morgan (2016). "'Set the Winter at
Defiance': Emily Montague's Weather Reports and Political Sensibility".
694:
entry notes how "Brooke's work was based on English models and had no perceptible effect on Canadian literature."
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Brooke is widely seen by literary historians and critics as the first Canadian novelist for writing her 1769 work
804:
Eighteenth-century Genre and Culture: Serious Reflections on Occasional Forms: Essays in Honour of J. Paul Hunter
725:
375:
Barbara M. Benedict, "The Margins of Sentiment: Nature, Letter, and Law in Frances Brooke's Epistolary Novels,"
445:
Katherine M. Rogers, "Dreams and Nightmares: Male Characters in the Feminine Novel of the Eighteenth Century",
260:
208:
1422:
1120:
McCarthy, Dermot (1994). "Sisters under the Mink: The Correspondent Fear in the History of Emily Montague".
582:
Gwendolyn Needham, "Mrs. Frances Brooke: Dramatic Critic", Theatre Notebook vol. 15 (Winter 1961): pp. 47–55
907:
Jarndyce Antiquarian Booksellers, London: "Books & Manuscripts 1641–1817" Retrieved 26 September 2019.
31:
1558:
561:
768:
744:
220:
357:
Dermot McCarthy, "Sisters Under the Mink: The Correspondent Fear in The History of Emily Montague",
364:
Jane Sellwood, "'A Little Acid Is Absolutely Necessary': Narrative as Coquette in Frances Brooke's
1475:
1370:
758:
128:
1462:
1023:
Binhammer, katherine (2011). "The Failure of Trade's Empire in the History of Emily Montague".
247:
160:
82:
1439:
556:, 2nd edition, vol. 1, ed. Carl F. Klinck (Toronto: Univ. of Toronto Press, 1976), pp. 97–105
167:. She was only three years old when her father died. Her mother's death followed soon after.
474:, ed. Konrad Gross and Wolfgang Klooss (Wurzburg: Konighausen & Neuman, 1981), pp. 69–79
449:, ed. Janet Todd, Women in Literature, n.s. 2 (New York: Holmes & Meier, 1982), pp. 9–24
1498:
1493:
438:
Ann Edwards Boutelle, "Frances Brooke's Emily Montague (1769): Canada and Woman's Rights",
50:
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624:
ed. Adam Shortt and Arthur Doughty (Toronto: Edinburgh Univ. Press, 1913), 12, pp. 493–589
8:
678:
477:
410:, ed. Frederick Keener and Susan Lorsch (New York: Greenwood Press, 1988), pp. 29–35
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is no mean literary achievement." Even in its own time, views divided on its value. The
178:, she edited 37 issues of this weekly periodical (1755–1756), which was patterned after
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990:
427:
K. J. H. Berland, "The True Epicurean Philosopher: Some Influences on Frances Brooke's
424:, ed. Thomas King, Cheryl Calver, and Helen Hoy (Toronto: ECW Press, 1987), pp. 133–158
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Barbara Godard, "Listening for the Silence: Native Women's Traditional Narratives",
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English Literature of the Dominions: Writings on Australia, Canada, and New Zealand
350:
Robin Howells, "Dialogism in Canada's First Novel: The History of Emily Montague",
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406:
K. J. H. Berland, "A Tax on Old Maids and Bachelors: Frances Brooke's Old Maid",
763:
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538:
Lorraine McMullen, "All's Right at Last: An Eighteenth-Century Canadian Novel",
413:
Lorraine McMullen, "Frances Brooke's Old Maid: New Ideas in Entertaining Form",
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710:
559:
Lorraine McMullen, "Frances Brooke and Memoirs of the Marquis de St. Forlaix",
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Katherine M. Rogers, "Sensibility and Feminism: The Novels of Frances Brooke",
280:
147:
and translator. Hers was the first English novel known to have been written in
56:
470:
Konrad Gross, "The Image of French-Canada in Early English-Canadian Fiction",
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706:
180:
1012:. Carleton University Press for the Centre for Editing Early Canadian Texts.
549:, ed. David Staines (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1977), pp. 69–96
105:
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1208:
Schellenberg, Betty (2005). "The Politicized Pastoral of Frances Brooke".
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922:"Language Log » Frances Brooke, destroyer of English (not literally)"
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672:
performance is heavily didactic and sentimental." Juliet McMaster cites
144:
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Letters from Juliet Lady Catesby to her friend, Lady Henrietta Campley
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The Professionalization of Women Writers in Eighteenth-Century Britain
568:
William H. New, "The Old Maid: Frances Brooke's Apprentice Feminism",
452:
Lorraine McMullen, "Double Image: Frances Brooke's Women Characters",
244:
Letters from Juliet Lady Catesby to her friend, Lady Henrietta Campley
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164:
313:
Raeleen Chai-Elsholz, "Textual Allusions and Narrative Voice in the
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545:
George Woodcock, "Possessing the Land: Notes on Canadian Fiction",
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101:
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author biography of Frances Brooke (1724–1789) at www.chawton.org
203:
585:
Emile Castonguay, "Mrs. Frances Brooke ou la femme de lettres",
1356:. Vol. 19B. International Astronomical Union. p. 342.
962:: 138. October 1996 – via Literary Reference Center Plus.
859:
His and Hers: Essays in Restoration and 18th-Century Literature
196:
188:
148:
1313:
An Odd Attempt in a Woman: The Literary Life of Frances Brooke
1189:"Review of The History of Emily Montague, by Frances Brooke".
321:, eds. Annie Cointre, Florence Lautel-Ribstein, Annie Rivara.
1276:
Berland, K.J.H. (1991). "Frances Brooke and David Garrick".
861:. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky. p. 148.
806:. Cranbury, NJ: Associated University Presses. p. 190.
1354:
Proceedings of the Nineteenth General Assembly, Delhi, 1985
886:. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky. p. 62.
606:
James R. Foster, "The Abbé Prévost and the English Novel",
227:." The citation was still used in the OED's 2011 revision.
599:
Bertha M. Sterns, "Early English Periodicals for Ladies",
552:
James J. Talman and Ruth Talman, "The Canadas 1736–1812",
547:
The Canadian Imagination: Dimensions of a Literary Culture
30:
For the lady-in-waiting, married name Frances Brooke, see
388:
676:
as a source of inspiration and parody for Jane Austen's
620:
Thomas Gutherie Marquis, "English-Canadian Literature",
836:. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press. p. 48.
634:
James M. Lemoine, "The First Canadian Novelist, 1769",
1328:"Frances Brooke, destroyer of English (not literally)"
834:
Of Women and the Essay: An Anthology from 1655 to 2000
575:
William H. New, "Frances Brooke's Chequered Gardens",
399:
Frances Teague, "Frances Brooke's Imagined Epistles",
502:
Lorraine McMullen, "Frances Brooke's Early Fiction",
326:
Young Jane Austen and the First Canadian Novel: From
135:; 12 January 1724 – 23 January 1789) was an English
480:, "George Eliot and the Eighteenth-Century Novel",
377:
ARIEL: A Review of International English Literature
187:In 1756 she married Rev. Dr John Brooke, rector at
487:Mary Jane Edwards, "Frances Brooke's Politics and
27:English author of first Canadian novel (1724–1789)
884:The Courtship Novel, 1740-1820: A Feminized Genre
1534:18th-century Canadian dramatists and playwrights
1485:
1461:, 1760 (translation from the original French by
246:, 1760 (translation from the original French by
1539:18th-century English dramatists and playwrights
202:Brooke was well-known in London's literary and
415:Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century
401:Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century
319:La traduction du discours amoureux (1660–1830)
1453:Digitized Correspondence with Richard Gifford
440:Women's Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal
1207:
801:
613:Charles S. Blue, "Canada's First Novelist",
382:Robert Merrett, "The Politics of Romance in
361:51–52 (Winter/Spring 1993), pp. 340–357
300:
1440:Selected bibliography: Frances Moore Brooke
781:The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
697:Other Brooke works, such as her 1777 novel
592:Desmond Pacey, "The First Canadian Novel",
307:Selected Bibliography: Frances Moore Brooke
802:Todd, Dennis; Wall, Cynthia; Wall (2001).
49:
1022:
856:
352:Canadian Review of Comparative Literature
1554:English women dramatists and playwrights
1375:Eighteenth-Century Poetry Archive (ECPA)
1310:
1153:
1119:
1449:by Jessica Smith and Paula Backscheider
1332:University of Pennsylvania Language Log
1275:
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509:Lorraine McMullen, "The Divided Self",
14:
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1455:, Houghton Library, Harvard University
1351:
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1278:Studies in Eighteenth-Century Culture
1143:. Toronto: Ryerson. pp. 143–150.
1138:
1084:
1049:
881:
528:(Toronto: ECW Press, 1980), pp. 19–27
459:Mary Jane Edwards, "Frances Brooke's
215:Also in 1769, Frances Brooke's novel
127:
1315:. Vancouver: British Columbia Press.
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911:
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379:23, no. 3 (July 1992), pp. 7–25
254:The History of Lady Julia Mandeville
195:. In the same year Brooke sailed to
193:The History of Lady Julia Mandeville
1564:People from South Kesteven District
1529:18th-century Canadian women writers
511:Atlantis: A Women's Studies Journal
467:7, no. 2 (Summer 1981), pp. 171–182
456:21, no. 2 (Summer 1982), pp. 356–63
454:World Literature Written in English
206:communities. In 1769 she published
24:
1504:18th-century English women writers
719:
658:While the purpose and material of
627:Ida Burwash, "An Old-Time Novel",
396:133 (Summer 1992), pp. 92–108
317:and its English Translation ", in
315:Lettres de Milady Juliette Catesby
288:Marian: A Comic Opera, in Two Acts
281:Rosina: A Comic Opera, in Two Acts
25:
1595:
1569:English women non-fiction writers
1364:
1352:Swings, Jean-Pierre, ed. (1986).
948:
820:
589:(Québec: Belisle, 1950), pp. 9–57
499:(Toronto: ECW Press, 1980), 19–27
408:Eighteenth-Century Women and Arts
340:11 (April 1999), pp. 339–346
294:The History of Charles Mandeville
1519:18th-century English translators
1405:
1389:Works by or about Frances Brooke
572:2, no. 3 (Summer 1973), pp. 9–12
535:11, no. 2 (Summer 1978): 159–71.
1524:18th-century Canadian novelists
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882:Green, Katherine Sobba (1991).
1514:18th-century British essayists
1509:18th-century English novelists
1326:Zimmer, Ben (15 August 2013).
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631:29 (January 1907), pp. 252–256
13:
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1574:English expatriates in Canada
1477:The History of Emily Montague
1010:The History of Emily Montague
960:Benet's Reader's Encyclopedia
788:
649:The History of Emily Montague
518:The History of Emily Montague
489:The History of Emily Montague
461:The History of Emily Montague
384:The History of Emily Montague
366:The History of Emily Montague
261:The History of Emily Montague
217:The History of Emily Montague
209:The History of Emily Montague
163:, England, the daughter of a
1218:10.1017/CBO9780511597633.004
1141:Essays in Canadian Criticism
769:Resources in other libraries
745:Resources in other libraries
682:, but states that overall, "
665:Essays in Canadian Criticism
617:58 (November 1921), pp. 3–12
154:
7:
1428:Frances Brooke: An overview
1404:(public domain audiobooks)
1311:McMullen, Lorraine (1983).
924:. languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu
579:52 (Spring 1972), pp. 24–38
570:Journal of Canadian Fiction
565:18 (December 1976): pp. 8–9
540:Journal of Canadian Fiction
516:Linda Shohet, "An Essay on
484:35 (December 1980): 260–91.
463:: A Biographical Context",
354:20 (1993), pp. 437–450
347:14 (1994), pp. 235–250
32:Frances Newton, Lady Cobham
10:
1600:
1579:French–English translators
1243:Eighteenth-Century Fiction
1197:: 231–232. September 1769.
1156:Eighteenth-Century Fiction
1122:Essays on Canadian Writing
1087:Eighteenth-Century Fiction
1052:Eighteenth-Century Fiction
1025:Eighteenth Century Fiction
596:26 (July 1946), pp. 143–50
562:Canadian Notes and Queries
554:Literary History of Canada
482:Nineteenth-Century Fiction
372:136 (1993), pp. 60–79
359:Essays on Canadian Writing
338:Eighteenth-Century Fiction
264:. London: J. Dodsley, 1769
159:Frances Moore was born in
29:
1584:Writers from Lincolnshire
975:Early American Literature
764:Resources in your library
740:Resources in your library
642:
524:, ed. John Moss, vol. 2,
465:English Studies in Canada
429:History of Emily Montague
301:Studies of Brooke's works
221:Oxford English Dictionary
219:was used in the earliest
174:. Under the pseudonym of
113:
90:
64:
48:
41:
1549:Canadian women novelists
1445:12 December 2010 at the
1008:Brooke, Frances (1985).
622:Canada and Its Provinces
495:, ed. John Moss, vol 2,
422:The Native in Literature
330:to 'Amelia Webster' and
237:
225:to feed among the lilies
176:Mary Singleton, Spinster
1544:English women novelists
1433:21 October 2007 at the
1413:Works by Frances Brooke
1398:Works by Frances Brooke
1380:Works by Frances Brooke
1139:Pacey, Desmond (1969).
857:Messenger, Ann (2014).
832:Spinner, Jenny (2018).
117:English-Canadian writer
1463:Marie-Jeanne Riccoboni
784:(by Mary Jane Edwards)
610:42 (1927), pp. 443–464
435:66 (1986), pp. 286–300
305:Most entries are from
248:Marie-Jeanne Riccoboni
161:Claypole, Lincolnshire
83:Claypole, Lincolnshire
1417:The Online Books Page
1290:10.1353/sec.2010.0132
1168:10.1353/ecf.1999.0022
1064:10.1353/ecf.2003.0007
987:10.1353/eal.2005.0001
692:Reader's Encyclopedia
638:7 (1906), pp. 239–245
1255:10.3138/ecf.27.2.257
1099:10.3138/ecf.28.3.447
1037:10.3138/ecf.23.2.295
958:"Brooke, Frances ".
778:"Frances Brooke" at
703:The Siege of Sinopoe
603:48 (1933), pp. 38–60
274:The Siege of Sinopoe
234:, England, aged 65.
18:Frances Moore Brooke
679:Love and Freindship
587:Cinq Femmes et nous
577:Canadian Literature
504:Canadian Literature
478:Margaret Anne Doody
442:12 (1986), pp. 7–16
417:(1989), pp. 669–670
403:304 (1992): 711–712
394:Canadian Literature
370:Canadian Literature
332:Love and Friendship
542:21 (1978): 95–104.
522:The Canadian Novel
493:The Canadian Novel
324:Juliet McMaster, "
55:Frances Brooke by
1559:English essayists
1421:Rebecca Garwood,
1384:Project Gutenberg
868:978-0-8131-5374-2
843:978-0-8203-5424-8
753:By Frances Brooke
726:Library resources
629:Canadian Magazine
615:Canadian Magazine
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16:(Redirected from
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1393:Internet Archive
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653:Emily Montague,
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513:5 (1980), 53–67
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674:Emily Montague
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106:Lincolnshire
96:(1789-01-23)
36:
1499:1789 deaths
1494:1724 births
1488:Categories
1415:listed at
1128:: 340–357.
943:Metz: CETT
928:22 January
789:References
526:Beginnings
497:Beginnings
386: [
204:theatrical
145:playwright
114:Occupation
75:1724-01-12
1471:Canadiana
1298:144196262
1263:154950262
1212:: 45–75.
1176:161534480
1107:155722933
1072:162125458
1058:: 33–57.
995:161347668
165:clergyman
155:Biography
108:, England
85:, England
1465:, 1759)
1443:Archived
1431:Archived
1402:LibriVox
1337:8 August
392:]",
232:Sleaford
141:essayist
137:novelist
102:Sleaford
59:ca. 1771
1391:at the
1373:at the
945:, 2006.
250:, 1759)
1467:online
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728:about
643:Legacy
296:– 1790
290:– 1788
284:– 1783
276:– 1781
270:– 1777
256:– 1763
197:Quebec
189:Colney
149:Canada
1294:S2CID
1259:S2CID
1172:S2CID
1103:S2CID
1068:S2CID
991:S2CID
533:Genre
238:Works
133:Moore
1339:2017
1222:ISBN
930:2014
888:ISBN
863:ISBN
838:ISBN
808:ISBN
709:and
608:PMLA
601:PMLA
91:Died
65:Born
1469:at
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1286:doi
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