278:
217:, a position which he was forced to abandon when in March 1550 he was denounced as a Protestant for denying the Catholic doctrine of the intercession of saints. While at the University of Cracow, he is said to have argued that the Eucharist was a promise of a gift to be bestowed in heaven, and not the real flesh and blood of Christ. The small school of theologians who came to agree with this position were labelled
351:), although some give the date of publication as earlier and state 1548 or 1550; the truth though appears to be that he drafted the work in Pińczów in 1650 and published it two years later while in Frankfurt-on-the-Oder in 1552. The work of 50 theological propositions received considerable attention amongst Polish noblemen and their wives in the 1550s.
241:
Reformed faith in Poland." Although
Stancaro believed in the co-equality of the Son and the Father and acknowledged both natures, human and divine, of Christ, he believed that "Christ was mediator by virtue of his humanity, not by virtue of his divinity, in order not to subordinate the Son to the Father." He was imprisoned in
269:
and others, Stancaro convinced Oleśnicki to banish all of the monks from Pińczów. Stancaro led the first
Protestant service at the church on 25 November 1550, but his term as pastor was to prove short-lived; a royal decree of December 12, 1550 imposed the dissolution of the church and Stancaro had to
240:
says of him, "Stancaro pursued a line of reasoning that actually encouraged some orthodox colleagues to defend
Antitrinitarian positions in Poland and accidentally caused the downfall of Reform in that country. Still, , Stancaro was one of the most successful people who had worked to established the
464:
Opera nuova di F. S. Mantovano della
Riformatione, si della dottrina Christiana, come della vera intelligentia dei sacramenti. con maturi consideratione et fondamento della scrittura santa, et consoglio de Santi Padri. non solamente utile, ma necessaria a ogni stato et conditione di
191:
Opera nuova di F. S. Mantovano della
Riformatione, si della dottrina Christiana, come della vera intelligentia dei sacramenti. con maturi consideratione et fondamento della scrittura santa, et consoglio de Santi Padri. non solamente utile, ma necessaria a ogni stato et conditione di
58:, an extensive Lutheran debate in Germany and Prussia which extended into the mid-1560s. While acknowledging both natures, human and divine, of Christ, Stancaro claimed that Jesus Christ was a mediator not as God but as a man: this doctrine was challenged by the theologian
46:, conciliarist, and a trained physician, he was an opponent of antitrinitarianism, but his views on Christ's mediatorship were actually used by antitrinitarians to popularize their views in Poland and Hungary. His teachings never achieved widespread credibility amongst
194:. In 1546 he was said to have published a "false opinion" in that there were "supposed to be two different Messiahs, one of a host of unusual notions entertained by Anabaptists." After fruitlessly searching in vain for a job as a teacher of theology, he returned to
457:
Miscellanea theologica. Nempe gradus beneficiorum dei, de templis
Judaeorum, bibliorum scriptroes, deprophetis, Israeliticus ordo, de synagogis, modus legendas prophetas, linguae ebrae inclinatio, ebrei unde dicti, lectionis in synagoga. Noviter
186:
Miscellanea theologica. Nempe gradus beneficiorum dei, de templis
Judaeorum, bibliorum scriptroes, deprophetis, Israeliticus ordo, de synagogis, modus legendas prophetas, linguae ebrae inclinatio, ebrei unde dicti, lectionis in synagoga. Noviter
332:
to
Frankfurt in the autumn of 1552 in order to investigate the dispute. They did not travel, but Melanchthon stated in opposition to Stancaro that Christ, like a priest, was a mediator in two natures. Melanchthon published
728:
477:
Collatio doctrinae Arrii, et
Philippi Melanchthonis, et sequacium Arrii et Philippi Melanchthonis et Francisci Davidis et reliquorum Saxonum doctrina de Filio Dei, Domino Jesu Christo, vna est et eadem
419:
Collatio doctrinae Arrii, et
Philippi Melanchthonis, et sequacium Arrii et Philippi Melanchthonis et Francisci Davidis et reliquorum Saxonum doctrina de Filio Dei, Domino Jesu Christo, vna est et eadem
265:; his contemporaries considered Stancaro to be hot-tempered and arrogant, tendentious in his beliefs. Yet he was considered to be a "highly cultivated man, a refined student of Hebrew." According to
54:
in Poland. He was imprisoned on numerous occasions and much of his life was spent as an itinerant theologian, traveling extensively across eastern Europe. From 1551 he was involved in the
114:
489:
De Trinitate et Mediatore Domino nostro Iesu Christo adversus Henricum Bullingerum...Ad magnificos et generosos Dominos Nobiles ac eorum Ministeros a variis Pseudoevabelicis seductis
360:
De Trinitate et Mediatore Domino nostro Iesu Christo adversus Henricum Bullingerum...Ad magnificos et generosos Dominos Nobiles ac eorum Ministeros a variis Pseudoevabelicis seductis
64:
De Trinitate et Mediatore Domino nostro Iesu Christo adversus Henricum Bullingerum...Ad magnificos et generosos Dominos Nobiles ac eorum Ministeros a variis Pseudoevabelicis seductis
1198:
745:
339:
237:
414:
1123:
417:, held in September 1560, and a year later he founded a Reformed church, an existence which was to be short-lived. During his time in Dubiecko he authored
1213:
1128:
355:
1208:
1203:
50:, but he received a considerable following, particularly amongst the Polish and Hungarian aristocracy, and is considered one of the most successful
378:
373:, who he served as a personal physician to at his castle. During his time with Petrovics he influenced numerous people in Hungary such as the
1158:
1118:
754:
Between Scylla and Charybdis: Learned Letter Writers Navigating the Reefs of Religious and Political Controversy in Early Modern Europe
242:
826:
Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, herausgegeben von der Historischen Kommission bei der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Band 35
1178:
1173:
1168:
1090:
1029:
995:
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924:
890:
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762:
705:
632:
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245:
but obtained the protection of some Polish nobles and his escape was arranged, and, with help from Calvinist nobleman
669:
385:
over Antitrinitarian issues. After the death of his patron in May 1559, he returned to Poland where he published his
103:
483:
De officiis mediatoris domini Jesu Christi et secundum quam naturam haec officia exhibuerit et executusd fuerit
423:
De officiis mediatoris domini Jesu Christi et secundum quam naturam haec officia exhibuerit et executusd fuerit
1193:
495:
Summa confessionis fidei F: S. Matvani, et quorundam discipulorum suorum, triginta octo articulis comprehensa
145:
1188:
1163:
1045:
1143:
1133:
362:
a decade later in 1562 in which he offered his views on the issue, mainly in response to the letters of
297:
236:
In Poland his oratorical talents and scholarship was recognized, particularly amongst the aristocracy.
36:
1183:
825:
729:"History of Science: Cyclopædia, or, An universal dictionary of arts and sciences - Arboreus - artery"
86:
in 1501. He devoted himself to the humanities and scholarly learning, and was ordained as a priest in
1138:
317:
382:
94:
in 1530. Brought up a Roman Catholic, he became a Protestant in 1540, while teaching Hebrew at the
573:
Citizenship and Identity in a Multinational Commonwealth: Poland-Lithuania in Context, 1550-1772
525:
Vermigli, Pietro Martire; Donnelly, John Patrick; James, Frank A.; McLelland, Joseph C. (1999).
305:
285:
246:
213:, who provided introductions for him. In 1549 he obtained work as a teacher of theology at the
55:
985:
914:
843:
786:
752:
695:
622:
571:
526:
948:
363:
271:
262:
153:
67:
274:, who had turned against Protestantism, and authored a popular work denouncing his beliefs.
1153:
1148:
369:
In November 1554 he settled in Transylvania, enjoying the protection of the Hungarian lord
214:
8:
398:
141:
102:, where he was arrested and imprisoned for sometime, joining another Protestant Italian,
95:
32:
337:
in June 1552, and Stancaro was forced to leave Frankfurt. Around this time he published
258:
429:, where he led a comparatively quiet life in retirement. He died on November 12, 1574.
390:
210:
157:
74:, where he led a comparatively quiet life in retirement. He died on November 12, 1574.
370:
1086:
1025:
991:
954:
920:
886:
849:
792:
758:
701:
665:
628:
577:
532:
308:. Stancaro's views on the trinity were challenged and contradicted by the theologian
129:
117:
51:
624:
Pierre Bayle's Reformation: Conscience and Criticism on the Eve of the Enlightenment
916:
Historical Introductions to the Symbolical Books of the Evangelical Lutheran Church
309:
301:
281:
59:
1080:
1052:
1019:
880:
659:
66:
a decade later in which he offered his views on the issue, mainly in response to
110:
by 1544. He was professor of Greek and Hebrew there, but lost his post in 1546.
312:
in a public discussion held in Berlin on October 10, 1552. Stancaro's writing
253:. He engaged in debate with a small circle of Protestants in the town such as
1112:
62:
in a public discussion held in Berlin on October 10, 1552. Stancaro authored
293:
266:
250:
219:
206:
1054:
Kyrios: Vierteljahresschrift fr̈ Kirchen- und Geistesgeschichte Osteuropas
524:
321:
43:
830:
406:
358:
refers to him as the "wandering Italian theologian". Stancaro authored
329:
325:
249:, was able to set up the Helvetic-Italian Reformed Church of Poland in
149:
125:
690:
688:
31:) was an Italian Catholic priest, theologian, Protestant convert, and
402:
254:
195:
47:
113:
1057:(in German). Akademische Druck-u. Verlagsanstalt. 1967. p. 162
685:
426:
410:
394:
374:
277:
165:
137:
133:
71:
28:
202:
176:. At Basel he found the time to produce four theological works,
148:, in 1547 Stancaro and Ochino fled Augsburg. They spent time in
381:, who became involved in a heated debate with Calvinist bishop
169:
161:
107:
99:
83:
24:
829:(1893), S. 436–439, (in German), Digitale Volltext-Ausgabe in
354:
He continued an itinerant existence in Eastern Europe; indeed
1082:
History of the Polish Reformation: and nine related documents
224:
173:
140:
to teach Greek and Hebrew. With the defeat of the Protestant
87:
451:
In epistolam canonicam D. Jacobi Heriolymitani expositio pia
182:
In epistolam canonicam D. Jacobi Heriolymitani expositio pia
1079:
Lubieniecki, Stanisław; Williams, George Huntston (1995).
1074:
1072:
823:
Artikel „Stancarus, Franciscus“ von Paul Tschackert in:
445:
Suae ebraee grammaticae compendium, nunc primum excussum
178:
Suae ebraee grammaticae compendium, nunc primum excussum
1069:
565:
563:
561:
559:
557:
555:
1021:
Auf Felsen gesät: die Reformation in Polen und Livland
520:
518:
516:
514:
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510:
70:, a strong critic of Stancaro. In 1562 he settled in
1024:(in German). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. p. 88.
620:
552:
1078:
507:
387:Collatio doctrinae Arrii et Melanchthonis Philippi
569:
316:rendered the dispute so violent that the Elector
1110:
627:. Susquehanna University Press. pp. 286–8.
912:
874:
872:
570:Friedrich, Karin; Pendzich, Barbara M. (2009).
296:, where he obtained the chair of Hebrew at the
1199:Academic staff of the University of Königsberg
653:
651:
439:De modo legendi Hebraice institutio brevissima
270:leave Poland to Germany. He was criticized by
209:by the end of 1548, where he had support from
92:De modo legendi Hebraice institutio brevissima
940:
616:
614:
612:
610:
608:
606:
604:
602:
600:
405:, leading to imprisonment on 28 June 1559 at
397:. For this reason he came into conflict with
345:Canones reformationis ecclesiarum Polonicarum
172:during this period, before finding refuge in
869:
1124:16th-century Italian Roman Catholic priests
1011:
979:
977:
848:. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. p. 174.
778:
648:
335:Responsio de controversiis Stancari scripta
1214:Converts to Protestantism from Catholicism
1129:Italian Calvinist and Reformed theologians
953:. Cambridge University Press. p. 14.
597:
1209:Academic staff of Jagiellonian University
1204:Academic staff of the University of Padua
946:
835:
106:. He left Venice in 1541, and arrived in
974:
882:The Oxford Dictionary of the Renaissance
878:
784:
757:. BRILL. 19 November 2010. p. 177.
664:. Westminster Press. pp. 570, 999.
657:
531:. Truman State Univ Press. p. 128.
276:
120:, companion of Stancaro from March 1546.
112:
1017:
304:. At this point he was involved in the
1111:
990:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 215.
152:, where Ochino met up with old friend
35:who became professor of Hebrew at the
841:
819:
817:
815:
409:. Stancaro was released and moved to
1159:Translators of the Bible into Polish
987:A Companion to the Reformation World
983:
697:The Life and Times of Aonio Paleario
1119:16th-century Protestant theologians
913:Friedrich Bente (30 January 2009).
156:and they received an invitation by
13:
984:Hsia, R. Po-chia (31 March 2006).
947:Edmondson, Stephen (1 July 2004).
812:
658:Williams, George Huntston (1962).
14:
1225:
785:Blissett, Luther (21 June 2004).
300:in May 1551, before moving on to
885:. Oxford University Press, USA.
791:. Random House UK. p. 393.
700:. Forgotten Books. p. 390.
1085:. Fortress Press. p. 526.
906:
879:Campbell, Gordon (1 May 2003).
366:, a strong critic of Stancero.
1179:Italian expatriates in Hungary
1174:Italian expatriates in Germany
721:
413:. Here he was involved in the
1:
1169:Italian expatriates in Poland
919:. Echo Library. p. 296.
621:Barbara Sher Tinsley (2001).
501:
7:
1018:Schmidt, Christoph (2000).
10:
1230:
225:
42:A scholar in theology and
733:digicoll.library.wisc.edu
318:Joachim II of Brandenburg
314:Apologia contra Osiandrum
201:Stancaro moved on to the
132:, with whom he went, via
124:In March 1546 he reached
432:
425:. In 1562 he settled in
298:University of Königsberg
37:University of Königsberg
661:The Radical Reformation
528:The Peter Martyr Reader
473:, Frankfurt/Oder (1552)
77:
845:Luther und Melanchthon
842:Vajta, Vilmos (1961).
576:. BRILL. p. 183.
306:Osiandrian controversy
289:
288:with Stancaro in 1552.
286:Osiandrian controversy
121:
56:Osiandrian controversy
471:Canones Reformationis
364:Peter Martyr Vermigli
340:Canones Reformationis
292:Stancaro moved on to
280:
272:Stanislas Orzechowski
263:Peter Martyr Vermigli
233:, meaning "earnest".
223:after the Greek word
116:
82:Stancaro was born in
68:Peter Martyr Vermigli
1194:Linguists from Italy
950:Calvin's Christology
238:Barbara Sher Tinsley
215:University of Cracow
164:. They also visited
21:Franciscus Stancarus
1189:Italian translators
1164:Italian Protestants
399:Francesco Lismanini
383:Péter Melius Juhász
142:Schmalkaldic League
96:University of Padua
33:Protestant reformer
1144:Clergy from Mantua
1134:Italian Unitarians
391:Philip Melanchthon
290:
211:Isabella Jagiellon
158:Archbishop Cranmer
122:
17:Francesco Stancaro
1184:Italian Hebraists
1092:978-0-8006-7085-6
1031:978-3-525-01387-8
997:978-1-4051-4962-4
960:978-0-521-54154-1
926:978-1-4068-9245-1
892:978-0-19-860175-3
855:978-3-525-55323-7
798:978-0-09-943983-7
764:978-90-04-18573-9
707:978-1-4510-0334-5
634:978-1-57591-043-7
583:978-90-04-16983-8
538:978-0-943549-75-0
356:Stephen Edmondson
284:who debated the
247:Mikołaj Oleśnicki
144:by the troops of
130:Bernardino Ochino
118:Bernardino Ochino
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1139:Antitrinitarians
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60:Andreas Musculus
27:– 1574 in
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491:, Kraków (1562)
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393:accused him of
371:Péter Petrovics
128:, where he met
104:Francesco Negri
90:. He published
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415:Synod of Książ
98:. He left for
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19:(also Latin:
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1098:11 September
1096:. Retrieved
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359:
353:
349:Riformatione
348:
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291:
267:Pierre Bayle
235:
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220:Arrhabonarii
218:
207:Transylvania
205:and reached
200:
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177:
154:Peter Martyr
123:
91:
81:
63:
41:
20:
16:
15:
1154:1574 deaths
1149:1501 births
389:, in which
379:Tamás Arany
322:Melanchthon
44:Lutheranism
23:) (1501 in
1113:Categories
831:Wikisource
738:2017-04-06
502:References
407:Wlodzislaw
377:clergyman
330:Wittenberg
326:Bugenhagen
294:Königsberg
150:Strasbourg
126:Regensburg
52:Reformists
48:Calvinists
403:Jan Laski
320:summoned
255:Jan Laski
196:Chiavenna
166:Constance
160:to visit
146:Charles V
497:, (1570)
485:, (1559)
479:, (1559)
460:, (1547)
427:Stopnica
411:Dubiecko
395:Arianism
375:Debrecen
243:Lipowitz
138:Augsburg
134:Ratisbon
72:Stopnica
29:Stopnica
465:Persone
458:excussa
251:Pińczów
226:Ἀρραβων
203:Grisons
192:Persone
187:excussa
1089:
1028:
994:
957:
923:
889:
852:
795:
761:
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668:
631:
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343:(also
189:, and
170:Zurich
162:London
108:Vienna
100:Venice
84:Mantua
25:Mantua
433:Works
328:from
231:Arrha
174:Basel
136:, to
88:Padua
1100:2012
1087:ISBN
1063:2012
1039:2012
1026:ISBN
1005:2012
992:ISBN
968:2012
955:ISBN
934:2012
921:ISBN
900:2012
887:ISBN
863:2012
850:ISBN
806:2012
793:ISBN
772:2012
759:ISBN
715:2012
702:ISBN
679:2012
666:ISBN
642:2012
629:ISBN
591:2012
578:ISBN
546:2012
533:ISBN
421:and
401:and
324:and
261:and
168:and
78:Life
347:or
1115::
1071:^
976:^
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687:^
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554:^
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257:,
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39:.
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788:Q
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