933:. The members addressed each other as "Brothers" and the leader, which changed regularly, as "Abbot". During meetings members supposedly wore ritual clothing: white trousers, jacket and cap, while the "Abbot" wore a red ensemble of the same style. Prostitutes were supposedly referred to as "nuns". Club meetings were said to have included mock rituals, items of a pornographic nature, much drinking, "wenching" and banqueting. The "monks" were said to have performed obscene parodies of Christian rites, as well as orgies of drunkenness and debauchery in which Dashwood used a communion cup to pour out libations to heathen deities. These details, possibly embellished, were described in a contemporary novel by the Anglo-Irish satirist
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979:. His budget speech was so confused and incapable that it was received with shouts of laughter. An excise of four shillings in the hogshead, to be paid by the grower, which he imposed on cider and perry, raised a resistance through the cider counties hardly less furious than that which had been directed against the
1333:
Dashwood's portrait, painted by George
Knapton, belongs to the Dilettanti Society; he is represented as one of the monks of Medmenham, holding a goblet inscribed "Matri Sanctorum", and in an attitude of devotion before a figure of the Venus de' Medici ; the motive of the picture is "both
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Dashwood first had the idea of founding a parody of the
Franciscan order when he returned from one of his Grand Tours, around 1731. He had visited various monastic communities in Europe, "founded, as it were, in direct contradiction to Nature and Reason", and he thought that by founding "a
803:
throughout the 1730s. It was again at the George and
Vulture that in 1746 Dashwood founded the precursor of his own Hellfire Club, a group called the "Knights of St. Francis". This was a parody of a religious order, based on a pun upon his own name and that of the medieval Italian saint,
1052:
unsuccessfully claimed a right to the title. His sister
Rachael illegally assumed the title Baroness le Despencer, but on her death the abeyance was once more terminated in favour of her cousin, Thomas Stapleton. After Dashwood's death, his baronetcy passed to his half-brother, Sir John
944:, who previously labeled Dashwood "a disgrace to manhood" over his actions at Medmenham Abbey, and John Wilkes criticized this, implying it to be disingenuous. Wilkes wrote that the church was "built on the top of a hill for the convenience and devotion of the town at the bottom of it".
1009:, being succeeded in the colonelcy of the militia by John Wilkes. As Lord le Despencer, his public image became less associated with his past controversial actions. He joined John Montagu in leveling obscenity charges against John Wilkes for writing a pornographic poem,
629:
critically described the
Dilettanti Society as "a club for which the nominal qualification is having been to Italy, and the real one, being drunk; the two chiefs are Lord Middlesex and Sir Francis Dashwood, who were seldom sober the whole time they were in Italy".
1041:, Buckinghamshire. Horace Walpole described her as "a poor forlorn Presbyterian prude"; The marriage had no effect upon Dashwood's profligacy; according to Wraxall he "far exceeded in licentiousness of conduct any model exhibited since
1086:
describes the necromancer Adrian Temple as "acquainted with
Francis Dashwood, the notorious Lord le Despencer ... many a winter's night saw him riding through the misty Thames meadows to the door of the sham Franciscan abbey ... of
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that were laid in against the festivals of this new church, sufficiently informed the neighbourhood of the complexion of those hermits." Over the grand entrance to the abbey was placed, in stained glass, the famous inscription on
711:
and vehemently attacked Sir Robert
Walpole, declaring that abroad he was looked upon with contempt. Walpole's fall made no difference to Dashwood's position, and as a courtier of Frederick Lewis he was in opposition to all of
1334:
indecorous and profane" Another portrait of
Dashwood, by Hogarth, has been engraved. A third portrait, by an unknown artist, belonged to Viscount Dillon at Ditchley in 1900; it is reproduced in Barker's edition of Walpole's
975:. Dashwood's ability in government was criticized: "Of financial knowledge he did not possess the rudiments, and his ignorance was all the more conspicuous from the great financial ability of his predecessor
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480:
Sir
Francis and Mary had two children: a son, Francis, and a daughter, Rachael. Sir Francis also had two surviving daughters from his first marriage, and later two daughters and two sons from his third.
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527:. He travelled to France and Germany for several months in 1726. He went abroad again from 1729 to 1731 and visited Italy during this time. He later returned to Italy between 1739 and 1741, staying in
2100:
2057:
2076:
A volume of
Dashwood's correspondence extending from 1747 to 1781 is in Egerton MS. 2136, and letters from him to Wilkes are in Addit. MS. 30867. See also Journals of the Lords and Commons;
877:, the Duke of Queensberry, the Earl of Bute, Lord Melcombe, Sir William Stanhope, K.B, Sir John Dashwood-King, bart., Sir Francis Delaval, K.B., Sir John Vanluttan, kt., Henry Vansittart,
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Institution in the name of St Francis", he could substitute "convivial gaiety, unrestrained hilarity, and social felicity in lieu of the austerities and abstemiousness there practised."
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1021:. Dashwood died at West Wycombe after a long illness on 11 December 1781. He was buried in the mausoleum he had built there, next to his wife who had died on 19 January 1769.
594:. "f not the actual projector and founder of the Dilettanti Society, he was certainly its leading member in 1736". Dashwood took a prominent part in the proceedings of the
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was suspended from his office of archmaster for "his misbehaviour to and contempt of the Society", Dashwood was elected in his place. Dashwood presented to
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Richard Garnett, 'Lee , Rachel Fanny Antonina (1773?–1829)’, rev. J. Gilliland, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004
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149:
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were suspected. Dashwood supported the influence of George Dodington and opposed the Regency Bill of 15 May 1751. On 13 April 1749 he was created
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1978:
The present peerages: with plates of arms, and an introduction to heraldry ; together with several useful lists incident to the work
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109:
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Dashwood spent his youth and early adulthood abroad, gaining a reputation for notoriety while travelling around Europe. He impersonated
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In 1754, Dashwood was re-elected to parliament for New Romney, and when the Buckinghamshire militia was raised on the outbreak of the
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2112:
Horace Walpole's Letters, ed. Cunningham, vols. i-v. and vii., Memoirs of George II, ed. Lord Holland, and of George III, ed. Barker;
267:
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in 1757, Dashwood became its first colonel with Wilkes as his lieutenant colonel. In the same year, he attempted to prevent Admiral
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1324:, a direct male descendant of the 1st Earl. The title of Baron le Despencer, passed through his mother Mary to Francis Dashwood.
827:. The group was now known as "the Order of the Friars of St. Francis of Wycombe". The group subsequently moved their meetings to
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During the general election of 1741 Dashwood fought vigorously against Walpole's supporters and secured a seat for himself at
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in 1719 and disbanded in 1721, but he and John Montagu are alleged to have been members of a Hellfire Club that met at the
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2145:
Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes, viii. 236, ix. 454 (where he is confused with Thomas Stapleton, his successor in the barony);
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1960:
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1442:, pp. 112–113 Horace Wapole, Memoirs of George III, ed. Barker, i. 237 ; Cust, Dilettanti Soc. pp. 9-10.
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862:. The men frequently went to Medmenham Abbey during the summer. They had the buildings restored by the architect
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492:. Upon the death of his father in 1724, Dashwood, who was only fifteen, inherited his father's estates and the
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1759:, 1760-65, “6th edition, greatly enlarged and corrected”, London: 1768, volume 3, p. 231-280. This book was a
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However, the society did increasingly have a serious side, and Dashwood's work resulted in his election as a
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with around 40 charter members who had returned from their travels with an appreciation of classical art.
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which claimed to reveal political secrets, and to expose the profligacy of well-known public characters.
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983:". Dashwood and the Prime Minister resigned from the ministry on 8 April 1763. Dashwood received the
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As a contrast to the frivolity of Medmenham Abbey, Dashwood erected a church on a neighbouring hill.
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1642:: Or, The History of King's-Place and other Modern Nunneries... by a Monk of the Order of St Francis
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Dashwood left no legitimate issue, and the Barony of le Despencer again fell into abeyance. His
913:" . Dashwood's garden at West Wycombe contained numerous statues and shrines to different gods:
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Dashwood was born in Great Marlborough Street, London, in December 1708. He was the only son of
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692:, from his colonelcy of the first troop of horse guards, made Dashwood a violent opponent of
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Abridgement of the Book of Common Prayer (1773), by Benjamin Franklin and Francis Dashwood
846:. It was owned by Francis Duffield, from whom it was rented by Dashwood, his half-brother
831:, about 6 miles from West Wycombe, where they called themselves the "Monks of Medmenham".
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in 1762. The barony of le Despencer fell to Dashwood. The earldom of Westmorland went to
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1985:
Woodland, Patrick (2004). "Dashwood, Francis, eleventh Baron Le Despencer (1708–1781)".
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various petitions from the Dilettanti Society when it was seeking a permanent location.
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2041:. Vol. 1 (13 ed.). London: Printed G. Woodall, Angel Court, Skinner Street.
1945:
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1860:, p. 113 cites Reg. of Marr., St. George's, Hanover Square, Harl. Soc. i. 35.
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1601:, p. 114 cites Cust, Dilettanti Soc. p. 217; Almon, Mem. of Wilkes, iii. 59.
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were the deities to whom they almost publicly sacrificed; and the nymphs and the
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Parishes: Medmenham Pages 84–89 A History of the County of Buckingham: Volume 3
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On Dashwood's return to England, he obtained a minor post in the household of
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High politics and Hellfire: William Hogarth’s portrait of Francis Dashwood
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On 19 December 1745, Dashwood married Sarah, daughter of George Gould of
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to share their experiences, but this club was disbanded two years later.
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333:
719:
In 1747 he introduced a poor-relief bill that recommended commissioning
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1805:, p. 114 cites Walpole, Mem. of George II, ii. 318, 323 sqq., 336.
1303:, married four times; his second wife was Mary, the eldest daughter of
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1644:, 2nd Edition, 2 vols (M. Goadby, London 1779), vol. I, Introduction,
892:, who visited the abbey, the members' "practice was rigorously pagan:
870:. Hogarth may have painted murals for this building but none survive.
523:
Dashwood's journeys abroad included classical aspects of the European
3629:
Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies
3339:
2101:
Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715–1886
957:
813:
660:
337:
1577:, p. 113 cf. Bubb Dodington, Diary, ed. 1809, pp. 6, 7, 59, 72.
2050: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1944:(Revised, paperback ed.). Gloucestershire: Sutton Publishing.
1218:
984:
930:
901:
893:
765:
614:
528:
621:, Gray, and others, and shortly afterwards, got into trouble with
2031:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1061:
Francis Dashwood has appeared in works by the following authors:
1005:
By 1763 Dashwood was premier baronet of England, and he was made
922:
819:
In 1752, he moved the group's headquarters to his family home in
647:
Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce
536:
493:
444:(December 1708 – 11 December 1781) was an English politician and
688:. This connection, coupled with the dismissal of his uncle, the
914:
839:
1074:
describes the character Carwin as "specious seducer Dashwood."
881:
and Paul the poet". Meetings occurred twice a month, with an
554:. In 1733, between his visits to Italy, Dashwood accompanied
2166:
Courthope's, Burke's, and G. E. Cokayne's Complete Peerages.
777:. The bible has been replaced by a copy of the erotic novel
602:
painted his portrait for the Society. On 2 March 1746, when
2039:
Debrett's Correct Peerage of England, Scotland, and Ireland
1038:
971:, which he owed to his dependence upon the Prime Minister,
754:
of Oxford University, and on 19 June 1746 he was elected a
532:
1090:
Dashwood is mentioned in a longer version of the section "
1056:
791:
Dashwood was too young to have been a member of the first
1829:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1542:
1540:
967:; he was re-elected on 9 June 1762 on his appointment as
1017:'s administration from 1770 to 1781, Dashwood was joint
998:. He inherited the barony after the death of his uncle,
963:
On 28 March 1761, he found a new seat in Parliament for
569:
19:
For the British merchant, landowner and politician, see
2163:
Cust's History of the Dilettanti Society, 1898, passim;
1817:, p. 114 cites Lecky, History, ed. 1892, iii. 224.
1820:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1537:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1589:, p. 113 cites Thomson, Royal Soc. App. p. xliv.
1405:
1316:
When the 7th Earl of Westmorland died childless, the
994:
In 1763, Dashwood was summoned to Parliament as 11th
773:
from the late 1750s, parodying Renaissance images of
668:
In 1744, he and John Montagu founded the short-lived
2160:
Doran's 'Mann' and Manners at the Court of Florence;
2118:
Almon's Mem. and Corresp. of John Wilkes, ed. 1805;
1675:
1663:
1651:
1525:
1497:
1386:
641:(FSA) in June 1769. He also became a member of the
2220:from the Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon
2071:. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 112–115.
1937:
1620:
1445:
2273:Photographs of Dashwood's tunnels in West Wycombe
2115:Wraxall's Hist. and Posthumous Mem., ed. Wheatle;
3565:
2672:
2136:Churchill's Poems, The Ghost and the Candidate;
1940:The Hell-Fire Clubs: A History of Anti-Morality
738:on 26 June 1747, and in January 1751 disavowed
473:, and his second wife Mary, eldest daughter of
3589:Chancellors of the Exchequer of Great Britain
2658:
2236:Francis Dashwood of the English Hellfire Club
1352:
1350:
885:lasting a week or more in June or September.
1991:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1848:, p. 114 cites Gent. Mag. 1781, p. 594.
2241:The Lives & Times of the Hell-Fire Club
2088:
731:) to combat unemployment. The bill failed.
2665:
2651:
1347:
51:
3634:Postmasters general of the United Kingdom
2121:Bubb Dodington's Diary, ed. 1809, passim;
1975:
1958:
1558:
1478:, p. 113 cites Cust, pp. 30, 61 sqq.
1423:
947:
434:Francis Dashwood, 11th Baron le Despencer
3553:Interim Chancellor of the Exchequer, as
2226:by Marjie Bloy, PhD at The Victorian Web
1984:
1399:
1028:
764:
659:
637:(FRS) in June 1746, and a fellow of the
512:while in Russia and attempted to seduce
2194:by George Knowles at controverscial.com
2055:
2036:
1988:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1885:
1869:
1857:
1845:
1833:
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1365:
1057:Portrayal in literature and other media
516:. Dashwood was later expelled from the
3566:
1757:Chrysal, or the adventures of a guinea
834:Medmenham Abbey had been built by the
653:and became vice-president of both the
2646:
838:and was situated on the banks of the
649:in 1754. He had connections with the
588:Sir Francis Dashwood at his Devotions
570:Dilettanti Society and the Divan Club
2124:Lady Mary Wortley Montagu's Letters;
2104:. Oxford: Parker and Co – via
2079:Official Return of Members of Parl.;
1935:
1686:
1669:
1657:
1626:
1531:
1518:, p. 113 cites Horace Walpole,
1503:
1451:
760:
707:on 5 May. In Parliament he followed
698:George Dodington, 1st Baron Melcombe
3624:Lord-lieutenants of Buckinghamshire
2056:Pollard, Albert Frederick (1901). "
1872:, p. 113 cites Horace Walpole
1490:, p. 113 cites Horace Walpole
1307:, Baron Le Despencer and Burghersh.
13:
2543:Lord Lieutenant of Buckinghamshire
2142:Thomson's Hist, of the Royal Soc.;
1305:Vere Fane, 4th Earl of Westmorland
1253:St Lawrence's Church, West Wycombe
1007:Lord-Lieutenant of Buckinghamshire
1000:John Fane, 7th Earl of Westmorland
604:John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich
475:Vere Fane, 4th Earl of Westmorland
459:
14:
3660:
2185:Sir Francis Dashwood (1708- 1781)
2173:
2133:Charles Johnston's Chrysal, 1768;
1301:Sir Francis Dashwood, 1st Baronet
1195:in the 2006 four-issue story arc
1140:in the 1994 four-issue story arc
866:in the style of the 18th-century
700:'s membership of the Dilettanti.
546:While in Italy he befriended the
471:Sir Francis Dashwood, 1st Baronet
410:Sir Francis Dashwood, 1st Baronet
21:Sir Francis Dashwood, 1st Baronet
2207:, transcribed by Richard Mammana
2067:Dictionary of National Biography
2045:
2026:
1701:, p. 113 cites John Almon,
783:, and the profile of his friend
696:'s administration. He sponsored
686:Frederick Lewis, Prince of Wales
657:and the General Medical Asylum.
639:Society of Antiquaries of London
488:where he became associated with
3639:People educated at Eton College
2232:by Mike Howard at Talking Stick
1907:
1895:
1879:
1863:
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1469:
1466:, p. 113 cites Cust, p. 9.
1457:
1327:
1159:Lord John and the Hellfire Club
823:, holding the first meeting on
746:and others of the household of
709:Samuel Sandys, 1st Baron Sandys
452:(1762–1763) and founder of the
384:
1433:
1310:
1293:
1288:St Botolph-without-Bishopsgate
1280:
672:for those who had visited the
664:Dashwood in Divan Club attire.
16:British politician (1708–1781)
1:
3584:18th-century English nobility
2095:"Dashwood, Sir Francis"
1703:Mem. and Corr. of John Wilkes
1268:
1002:and 10th Baron le Despencer.
973:John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute
464:
3644:Fellows of the Royal Society
3619:People from Wycombe District
2674:Chancellors of the Exchequer
2511:Master of the Great Wardrobe
2130:Boswell's Johnson, ed. Hill;
2005:UK public library membership
1888:, p. 113 cites Wraxall
734:Dashwood was re-elected for
117:Master of the Great Wardrobe
7:
2605:Baronetage of Great Britain
2425:Chancellor of the Exchequer
2360:Weymouth and Melcombe Regis
2282:Parliament of Great Britain
2154:Lipscomb's Buckinghamshire;
2037:Debrett, John, ed. (1820).
1299:Francis Dashwood's father,
1231:
969:Chancellor of the Exchequer
965:Weymouth and Melcombe Regis
756:Fellow of the Royal Society
679:
635:Fellow of the Royal Society
574:In 1732, Dashwood formed a
450:Chancellor of the Exchequer
169:Chancellor of the Exchequer
10:
3665:
2085:Lists of Sheriffs, P.R.O.;
2082:Old Parliamentary History;
1976:Edmondson, Joseph (1785).
1892:, ed. Wheatley, ii. 18-19.
1789:, p. 113 cite Wilkes
875:Frederick, Prince of Wales
780:Elegantiae Latini sermonis
727:he later had excavated at
503:
18:
3548:
3144:
2948:
2680:
2631:
2618:
2610:
2603:
2588:
2579:
2566:
2559:
2549:
2540:
2532:
2527:
2517:
2508:
2500:
2490:
2481:
2473:
2468:
2458:
2449:
2441:
2431:
2422:
2414:
2409:
2387:
2358:Member of Parliament for
2356:
2336:
2322:
2301:Member of Parliament for
2299:
2287:
2280:
2151:Leeky's Hist, of England;
2148:Mahon's Hist, of England;
1980:. Printed for J. Dodsley.
1903:Retrieved 30 January 2015
1522:, ed. Cunningham, i. 136.
1286:Dashwood was baptised in
1211:in her 2007 short story "
1119:Schrödinger's Cat Trilogy
1024:
645:in the mid-1740s and the
613:In 1740, Dashwood was in
562:, stopping on the way at
484:Dashwood was educated at
427:
417:
405:
399:Rachel Fanny Antonina Lee
394:
371:
361:
344:
327:
322:
318:
306:
294:
283:
273:
261:
249:
239:
228:
221:
209:
197:
185:
174:
167:
155:
143:
133:
122:
115:
103:
91:
81:
70:
63:
59:
50:
30:
2553:The Earl of Chesterfield
2484:Treasurer of the Chamber
2190:15 February 2009 at the
1793:, ed. Almon, iii. 57-59.
1613:, p. 114 Walpole's
1364:of Bristol, a merchant.(
1186:Suspense and Sensibility
1113:The Illuminatus! Trilogy
981:excise scheme of Walpole
850:, his cousin Sir Thomas
498:Dashwood of West Wycombe
223:Treasurer of the Chamber
2462:The Viscount Barrington
2445:The Earl of Bessborough
2418:The Viscount Barrington
2268:The British Art Journal
2258:21 October 2009 at the
2139:Bedford Correspondence;
2127:Chesterfield's Letters;
1936:Ashe, Geoffrey (2000).
844:Marlow, Buckinghamshire
797:Philip, Duke of Wharton
748:George, Prince of Wales
539:and the excavations at
204:The Viscount Barrington
110:The Viscount Barrington
98:The Earl of Bessborough
2521:The Earl of Ashburnham
2452:2nd Postmaster-General
1318:Earldom of Westmorland
1197:Reasons to Be Cheerful
1066:Charles Brockden Brown
1034:
948:Later political career
883:annual general meeting
873:The members included "
848:Sir John Dashwood-King
801:George and Vulture Inn
788:
665:
490:William Pitt the Elder
162:The Earl of Ashburnham
65:2nd Postmaster-General
3614:British MPs 1761–1768
3609:British MPs 1754–1761
3604:British MPs 1747–1754
3599:British MPs 1741–1747
2690:Eustace of Fauconberg
2157:Collinson's Somerset;
1997:10.1093/ref:odnb/7179
1961:"Sir Francis's Folly"
1617:, cites 1894, i. 204.
1615:Memoirs of George III
1336:Memoirs of George III
1290:on 23 December 1708.
1092:The Sailor's Hornpipe
1083:The Lost Stradivarius
1050:illegitimate daughter
1032:
909:' abbey of Theleme, "
768:
663:
580:Society of Dilettanti
510:Charles XII of Sweden
37:The Lord le Despencer
2224:The 'Hell Fire Club'
1213:Hellfire at Twilight
1156:in her 1998 novella
1131:The Ghosts of Sleath
1098:'s 1973 debut album
787:peers from the halo.
274:Member of Parliament
33:The Right Honourable
3594:Barons le Despencer
2344:Lord John Cavendish
2218:The Hell-Fire Clubs
1921:(Internet Archive).
1648:(Internet Archive).
1356:John Fane had died
1199:for the comic book
1144:for the comic book
1108:Robert Anton Wilson
752:Doctor of Civil Law
690:Earl of Westmorland
556:George, Lord Forbes
3555:Lord Chief Justice
2635:John Dashwood-King
2625:(of West Wycombe)
2593:Title next held by
2582:Baron le Despencer
2571:Title last held by
2561:Peerage of England
2494:Sir Gilbert Elliot
2410:Political offices
1959:BBC staff (2003).
1762:succès de scandale
1258:West Wycombe Caves
1243:Baron le Despencer
1224:The Genesis Secret
1221:in the 2009 novel
1168:in the 2001 Novel
1128:in the 1994 novel
1080:in his 1895 novel
1068:in his 1798 novel
1035:
1019:Postmaster General
996:Baron le Despencer
987:Keepership of the
911:Fay ce que voudras
789:
666:
655:Foundling Hospital
596:Dilettanti Society
268:Sir Gilbert Elliot
3561:
3560:
2641:
2640:
2632:Succeeded by
2550:Succeeded by
2518:Succeeded by
2491:Succeeded by
2477:Charles Townshend
2459:Succeeded by
2432:Succeeded by
2388:Succeeded by
2364:1761–1763
2326:Sir Edward Dering
2323:Succeeded by
2307:1741–1761
2295:Sir Robert Austen
2230:The Hellfire Club
2212:The Hellfire Club
2058:Dashwood, Francis
2003:(Subscription or
1753:Charles Johnstone
1263:West Wycombe Park
1238:Dashwood baronets
1033:West Wycombe Park
1011:An Essay on Woman
942:Charles Churchill
935:Charles Johnstone
879:Benjamin Franklin
806:Francis of Assisi
775:Francis of Assisi
761:The Hellfire Club
729:West Wycombe Park
552:Antonio Niccolini
431:
430:
301:Sir Robert Austen
256:Charles Townshend
3656:
2950:of Great Britain
2667:
2660:
2653:
2644:
2643:
2614:Francis Dashwood
2611:Preceded by
2597:Thomas Stapleton
2533:Preceded by
2528:Honorary titles
2501:Preceded by
2474:Preceded by
2442:Preceded by
2435:George Grenville
2415:Preceded by
2348:George Dodington
2337:Preceded by
2288:Preceded by
2278:
2277:
2109:
2097:
2072:
2069:(1st supplement)
2049:
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2008:
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1955:
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1640:Nocturnal Revels
1636:
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1078:J. Meade Falkner
954:Seven Years' War
836:Cistercian Order
651:Spalding Society
388:
386:
323:Personal details
309:
297:
288:
264:
252:
233:
216:George Grenville
212:
200:
192:The Earl of Bute
188:
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158:
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55:
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2536:The Earl Temple
2523:
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2401:
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2397:
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2297:
2293:
2260:Wayback Machine
2192:Wayback Machine
2176:
2171:
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2011:
2002:
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1964:
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1918:, Brown, 1798,
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1053:Dashwood-King.
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864:Nicholas Revett
854:, the satirist
829:Medmenham Abbey
825:Walpurgis Night
771:William Hogarth
763:
682:
623:Sir Horace Mann
590:for Dilettante
584:William Hogarth
572:
550:and theologian
506:
467:
462:
460:Life and career
412:
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387: 1745)
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362:Political party
355:Buckinghamshire
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348:1 December 1781
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2469:Court offices
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2174:External links
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960:'s execution.
949:
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890:Horace Walpole
868:Gothic revival
856:Paul Whitehead
762:
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725:Hellfire Caves
694:Robert Walpole
681:
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674:Ottoman Empire
627:Horace Walpole
619:Horace Walpole
608:King George II
600:George Knapton
598:, and in 1742
592:Viscount Boyne
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2370:
2362:
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2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2340:Welbore Ellis
2335:
2331:
2330:Thomas Knight
2327:
2320:
2318:
2313:
2312:Henry Furnese
2305:
2304:
2296:
2292:
2291:Stephen Bisse
2286:
2283:
2279:
2274:
2271:
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2265:
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2250:
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2165:
2162:
2159:
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2147:
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2138:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2102:
2096:
2092:(1888–1892).
2091:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2068:
2063:
2059:
2053:
2052:public domain
2044:
2040:
2034:
2033:public domain
2025:
2024:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2013:
2012:
2006:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1989:
1983:
1979:
1974:
1962:
1957:
1953:
1947:
1942:
1941:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1930:
1920:
1917:
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1910:
1904:
1898:
1891:
1887:
1882:
1875:
1871:
1866:
1859:
1854:
1847:
1842:
1835:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1816:
1811:
1804:
1799:
1792:
1788:
1783:
1777:, p. 113
1776:
1771:
1764:
1763:
1758:
1754:
1749:
1740:
1731:
1722:
1716:
1711:
1704:
1700:
1695:
1688:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1671:
1666:
1659:
1654:
1647:
1643:
1641:
1635:
1629:, p. 65.
1628:
1623:
1616:
1612:
1607:
1600:
1595:
1588:
1583:
1576:
1571:
1564:
1560:
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1448:
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1436:
1429:
1425:
1420:
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1408:
1401:
1400:Woodland 2004
1396:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1358:without issue
1353:
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1337:
1330:
1323:
1319:
1313:
1306:
1302:
1296:
1289:
1283:
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1214:
1210:
1207:
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1198:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1182:Regency novel
1179:
1178:Carrie Bebris
1176:
1173:
1172:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1143:
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1136:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1126:James Herbert
1124:
1121:
1120:
1115:
1114:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1101:Tubular Bells
1097:
1096:Mike Oldfield
1093:
1089:
1085:
1084:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1067:
1064:
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1062:
1054:
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1022:
1020:
1016:
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986:
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945:
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938:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
903:
899:
895:
891:
888:According to
886:
884:
880:
876:
871:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
832:
830:
826:
822:
817:
815:
809:
807:
802:
798:
795:, founded by
794:
793:Hellfire Club
786:
785:Lord Sandwich
782:
781:
776:
772:
767:
758:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
732:
730:
726:
723:(such as the
722:
717:
716:governments.
715:
710:
706:
701:
699:
695:
691:
687:
677:
675:
671:
662:
658:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
631:
628:
624:
620:
616:
611:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
567:
565:
561:
560:St Petersburg
557:
553:
549:
544:
542:
538:
535:and visiting
534:
530:
526:
521:
519:
515:
511:
501:
499:
495:
491:
487:
482:
478:
476:
472:
457:
455:
454:Hellfire Club
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
426:
423:
420:
416:
411:
408:
404:
400:
397:
393:
374:
370:
367:
364:
360:
356:
352:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:December 1708
330:
326:
321:
317:
314:
313:Thomas Knight
311:
305:
302:
299:
293:
287:
282:
279:
272:
269:
266:
260:
257:
254:
248:
245:
242:
238:
232:
227:
224:
220:
217:
214:
208:
205:
202:
196:
193:
190:
184:
178:
173:
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166:
163:
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154:
151:
148:
142:
139:
136:
132:
126:
121:
118:
114:
111:
108:
102:
99:
96:
90:
86:
80:
74:
69:
66:
62:
58:
54:
49:
45:
42:
34:
29:
26:
22:
3550:
3425:Thorneycroft
3370:W. Churchill
3330:Lloyd George
3295:R. Churchill
3192:
3170:
3120:Ellenborough
3118:
3063:
3054:Bilson-Legge
3046:
3042:Bilson-Legge
3032:Bilson-Legge
3024:
3002:
2626:
2619:
2595:
2589:
2580:
2573:
2567:
2541:
2509:
2482:
2450:
2423:
2367:
2357:
2310:
2300:
2246:
2245:
2211:
2210:
2198:
2197:
2178:
2177:
2099:
2065:
2038:
2016:
1986:
1977:
1965:. Retrieved
1951:0-7509-24020
1939:
1929:Bibliography
1928:
1927:
1913:
1909:
1897:
1889:
1886:Pollard 1901
1881:
1873:
1870:Pollard 1901
1865:
1858:Pollard 1901
1853:
1846:Pollard 1901
1841:
1834:Pollard 1901
1815:Pollard 1901
1810:
1803:Pollard 1901
1798:
1790:
1787:Pollard 1901
1782:
1775:Pollard 1901
1770:
1760:
1756:
1748:
1739:
1730:
1721:
1710:
1705:, iii. 60-3.
1702:
1699:Pollard 1901
1694:
1665:
1653:
1638:
1634:
1622:
1614:
1611:Pollard 1901
1606:
1599:Pollard 1901
1594:
1587:Pollard 1901
1582:
1575:Pollard 1901
1570:
1554:
1547:Pollard 1901
1527:
1519:
1516:Pollard 1901
1511:
1499:
1491:
1488:Pollard 1901
1483:
1476:Pollard 1901
1471:
1464:Pollard 1901
1459:
1447:
1440:Pollard 1901
1435:
1419:
1412:Pollard 1901
1407:
1379:
1378:
1366:Debrett 1820
1335:
1329:
1312:
1295:
1282:
1273:
1272:
1222:
1200:
1196:
1184:
1180:in her 2005
1171:Fatal Voyage
1169:
1166:Kathy Reichs
1157:
1145:
1141:
1129:
1117:
1116:and 1980–81
1111:
1110:in his 1975
1099:
1081:
1069:
1060:
1047:
1036:
1010:
1004:
993:
962:
951:
939:
910:
887:
872:
833:
821:West Wycombe
818:
810:
790:
779:
769:Portrait by
744:Andrew Stone
733:
721:public works
718:
702:
683:
667:
643:Lincoln Club
632:
612:
587:
573:
545:
522:
518:Papal States
507:
486:Eton College
483:
479:
468:
433:
432:
422:Eton College
351:West Wycombe
308:Succeeded by
285:
263:Succeeded by
230:
211:Succeeded by
176:
157:Succeeded by
124:
105:Succeeded by
72:
25:
3579:1781 deaths
3574:1708 births
3310:Hicks Beach
3285:Hicks Beach
3205:Spring Rice
2705:Westminster
2590:In abeyance
2568:In abeyance
2391:John Tucker
2377:John Olmius
2369:John Tucker
2352:John Tucker
2317:Rose Fuller
2264:Robin Simon
2062:Lee, Sidney
2017:Attribution
1734:Ashe p. 114
1725:Ashe p. 125
1362:Thomas Fane
1322:Thomas Fane
1087:Medmenham."
860:John Wilkes
742:, of which
714:George II's
578:called the
576:dining club
548:philosopher
541:Herculaneum
377:Sarah Gould
334:Westminster
296:Preceded by
251:Preceded by
199:Preceded by
145:Preceded by
93:Preceded by
3568:Categories
3156:Vansittart
3136:Vansittart
3074:Dowdeswell
3059:Barrington
2890:Cottington
2760:Harvington
2735:Willoughby
2730:de la Leye
2720:G. Giffard
2715:W. Giffard
2682:of England
2629:1724–1781
2586:1763–1781
2547:1763–1781
2515:1763–1765
2488:1761–1762
2456:1765–1781
2429:1762–1763
2384:1762–1763
2319:1756–1761
2303:New Romney
2266:editor of
2106:Wikisource
2007:required.)
1967:19 January
1743:Ashe p 125
1320:passed to
1269:References
1209:Kage Baker
1202:Hellblazer
1193:Mike Carey
1147:Hellblazer
1043:Charles II
1015:Lord North
740:Jacobitism
736:New Romney
705:New Romney
670:Divan Club
625:. In 1743
564:Copenhagen
525:Grand Tour
465:Early life
278:New Romney
244:George III
138:George III
3445:Callaghan
3420:Macmillan
3410:Gaitskell
3275:Gladstone
3270:Northcote
3265:Gladstone
3245:Gladstone
3230:Gladstone
3172:Tenterden
3109:Addington
3099:Cavendish
3089:Cavendish
3079:Townshend
3069:Grenville
3048:Mansfield
3037:Lyttelton
2895:Colepeper
2860:Fortescue
2850:Sackville
2770:Stratford
2765:Wodehouse
2700:Leicester
2575:John Fane
2379:1761–1762
2314:1741–1756
2179:Biography
2073:Endnotes
1876:, ii. 11.
1687:Ashe 2000
1670:Ashe 2000
1658:Ashe 2000
1627:Ashe 2000
1532:Ashe 2000
1504:Ashe 2000
1494:, i. 240.
1452:Ashe 2000
1380:Citations
1013:. During
958:John Byng
902:hogsheads
852:Stapleton
814:burlesque
494:Baronetcy
418:Education
406:Parent(s)
357:, England
340:, England
338:Middlesex
290:1741–1761
286:In office
235:1761–1762
231:In office
181:1762–1763
177:In office
129:1763–1765
125:In office
77:1765–1781
73:In office
3530:Kwarteng
3440:Maudling
3395:Anderson
3305:Harcourt
3290:Harcourt
3280:Childers
3250:Disraeli
3240:Disraeli
3225:Disraeli
3215:Goulburn
3183:Goulburn
3161:Robinson
3131:Perceval
3064:Dashwood
2998:Aislabie
2993:Stanhope
2910:Duncombe
2880:Portland
2875:Greville
2840:Cromwell
2810:Thwaites
2795:Somerset
2740:Benstead
2725:Chishull
2710:Chishull
2695:Maunsell
2256:Archived
2199:Writings
2188:Archived
1646:pp. i-ii
1232:See also
1219:Tom Knox
989:Wardrobe
985:sinecure
931:Dionysus
907:Rabelais
680:Politics
615:Florence
529:Florence
395:Children
3551:Italic:
3510:Hammond
3505:Osborne
3500:Darling
3455:Macleod
3450:Jenkins
3375:Snowden
3365:Snowden
3355:Baldwin
3335:McKenna
3325:Asquith
3315:Ritchie
3300:Goschen
3188:Althorp
3178:Herries
3166:Canning
3146:of the
3010:Walpole
2988:Walpole
2978:Wyndham
2930:Montagu
2925:Hampden
2920:Delamer
2885:Barrett
2855:Mildmay
2835:Berners
2825:Catesby
2785:Barnham
2755:Stanton
2745:Sandale
2621:Baronet
2064:(ed.).
2054::
1915:Wieland
1890:Memoirs
1874:Letters
1791:Memoirs
1520:Letters
1492:Letters
1071:Wieland
923:Priapus
894:Bacchus
537:Livorno
504:Travels
389:
381:
240:Monarch
134:Monarch
87:Various
3540:Reeves
3525:Zahawi
3490:Clarke
3485:Lamont
3475:Lawson
3465:Healey
3460:Barber
3415:Butler
3405:Cripps
3400:Dalton
3210:Baring
3194:Denman
3020:Pelham
3015:Sandys
2983:Onslow
2973:Benson
2968:Harley
2905:Ashley
2870:Caesar
2865:Dunbar
2830:Lovell
2820:Fowler
2815:Witham
2805:Witham
2800:Browne
2780:Ashton
2750:Hotham
2366:With:
2309:With:
2060:". In
2035::
2001:
1948:
1428:p. 117
1025:Family
915:Daphne
858:, and
840:Thames
372:Spouse
3520:Sunak
3515:Javid
3495:Brown
3480:Major
3435:Lloyd
3385:Simon
3350:Horne
3235:Lewis
3126:Petty
3084:North
3004:Pratt
2963:Smith
2958:Boyle
2940:Boyle
2935:Smith
2915:Ernle
2845:Baker
2790:Somer
2775:Ashby
2247:Other
1963:. BBC
1274:Notes
1094:" on
977:Legge
927:Venus
919:Flora
898:Venus
842:near
617:with
586:drew
558:, to
383:(
379:
3535:Hunt
3470:Howe
3390:Wood
3260:Lowe
3255:Hunt
3220:Wood
3200:Peel
3114:Pitt
3104:Pitt
3094:Pitt
2900:Hyde
1969:2009
1946:ISBN
1563:p. 1
1039:Iver
929:and
917:and
896:and
533:Rome
531:and
446:rake
366:Tory
345:Died
328:Born
276:for
3340:Law
3026:Lee
2262:by
1993:doi
1370:160
1045:".
496:of
442:FRS
44:FRS
3570::
2098:.
1822:^
1755:,
1677:^
1561:,
1539:^
1426:,
1388:^
1368:,
1349:^
1215:".
991:.
937:.
925:,
921:,
808:.
566:.
543:.
520:.
500:.
477:.
456:.
448:,
440:,
438:PC
436:,
385:m.
353:,
336:,
41:PC
2666:e
2659:t
2652:v
2108:.
1999:.
1995::
1971:.
1954:.
1565:.
1430:.
1402:.
1372:)
1338:.
1227:.
1205:.
1189:.
1174:.
1162:.
1150:.
1134:.
1122:.
1104:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
