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other in wheelbarrows (NF.0492) or carrying inkwells between them (NF.0488) and a frog sitting on an ashtray playing the banjo (NF.0489). Ibsen used these as inspiration: "There should be Troll in what I write," he said. Some of the characters were reported missing from the exhibitions on
October 6, 1980, and were never returned. The rest of them are safely preserved at the playwright's desk in
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177:'Cold-painted bronze' refers to pieces cast in Vienna and then decorated in several layers with so-called dust paint; the know-how for the mix of this kind of paint has been lost. The color was not fired, hence 'cold painted'. The painting was carried out mainly by women working at home, a typical
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had a small group of such characters which he referred to as his "devil orchestra"; a black boy climbing up a ladder on an elephant (NF.1914-0491), a cat chewing another with rice twigs (NF.0490A), singing after sheet music (NF.0490B), writing (NF.0490C), directing (NF.0490D), devils pulling each
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Bergmann was noted for his detailed and colorful work. He signed with either a letter 'B' in an urn-shaped cartouche or 'Nam Greb' – 'Bergman' in reverse. These marks were used to disguise his identity on erotic works.
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style were disguised by a covering that revealed all when a button was pushed or a lever moved. Often carefully sculpted animals, such as bears, could be opened to reveal an erotic figure inside.
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200:. It was reopened some years later by Robert Bergmann, son of Franz Xavier, and operated until his death in 1954, when the remaining stock and molds were sold to Karl Fuhrmann & Co.
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in 1860. Franz Xavier
Bergmann inherited the company and opened a new foundry in 1900. Many of the bronzes from the 1900s were still based on designs from his father's workshop.
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Bergmann is often incorrectly described as a sculptor, but he was not; he was a foundry owner. His workshops employed, on a temporary basis, many anonymous sculptors.
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A cat chewing another with rice twigs. Norsk
Folkemuseum, Ibsenmuseet (NF.2019-0541), identical to the lost figurine (NF.1914-0490A).
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A black boy climbing up an elephant with a ladder. This one is identical to the lost figurine (NF.1914-0491).
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used by Zach. At the turn of the 19th century there were about fifty workshops producing Vienna bronzes.
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employed
Bergmann to edit and cast some of his works, with some of the more erotic ones being signed as "
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Two small devils carrying inkwells between them. Norsk
Folkemuseum, Ibsenmuseet (NF.1914-0488).
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A frog sitting on an ashtray playing the banjo. Norsk
Folkemuseum, Ibsenmuseet (NF.1914-0489).
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301:(1st ed.). Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Publishing, Ltd. p. 761.
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His father, Franz
Bergmann (September 26, 1838 – 1894), was a professional
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298:Bronzes: Sculptors and Founders, 1800-1930, Vol. 1
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34:Foundry seal. "B" in an urn-shaped cartouche
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295:Berman, Harold (1974).
101:Franz Xavier Bergman(n)
354:Erik Henning Edvardsen
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374:Gallery of Sculptures
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127:Early life and career
22:Franz Xavier Bergmann
399:Artists from Vienna
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312:. Retrieved
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210:Henrik Ibsen
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70:(1936-01-01)
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215:Ibsenmuseet
186:Art Nouveau
81:Nationality
383:Categories
275:References
168:Prof. Tuch
164:Bruno Zach
89:Occupation
46:1861-07-27
172:pseudonym
109:patinated
339:June 27,
314:June 27,
117:Oriental
105:Viennese
84:Austrian
153:Gablonz
113:bronzes
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204:Trivia
149:chaser
137:erotic
121:erotic
54:Vienna
170:", a
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341:2015
316:2015
303:ISBN
219:Oslo
65:Died
40:Born
217:in
135:An
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