French and Indian War

2461: 2191: 173: 2249: 1727: 2339: 2789: 2741: 158: 3292: 1451: 214: 2684: 5677: 3264: 3068:. The British, however, were happy to take New France, as defence of their North American colonies would no longer be an issue (though the absence of that threat caused many colonists to conclude they no longer needed British protection). Britain also had ample places from which to obtain sugar. Spain traded Florida to Britain in order to regain Cuba, but they also gained Louisiana from France, including New Orleans, in compensation for their losses. Great Britain and Spain also agreed that navigation on the 245: 63: 2632:, French forces destroyed the fort and large quantities of supplies, including 45,000 pounds of gunpowder. They set back any British hopes for campaigns on Lake Ontario and endangered the Oswego garrison, already short on supplies. French forces in the Ohio valley also continued to intrigue with Indians throughout the area, encouraging them to raid frontier settlements. This led to ongoing alarms along the western frontiers, with streams of refugees returning east to get away from the action. 1824: 3140: 230: 2966: 1699:, companies of colonial regulars (some of whom had significant woodland combat experience). The colonial government recruited militia support when needed. The British had few troops. Most of the British colonies mustered local militia companies to deal with Indian threats, generally ill trained and available only for short periods, but they did not have any standing forces. Virginia, by contrast, had a large frontier with several companies of British regulars. 10066: 10030: 5664: 3219:

completed until 1769, and it had modest repercussions. The British takeover of Spanish Florida resulted in the westward migration of Indian tribes who did not want to do business with them. This migration also caused a rise in tensions between the Choctaw and the Creek, historic enemies who were competing for land. The change of control in Florida also prompted most of its Spanish Catholic population to leave. Most went to Cuba, although some Christianized

2552: 2855: 10076: 3081: 1929: 1535: 2584: 2072: 3278: 1594:. These tribes were formally under Iroquois rule and were limited by them in their authority to make agreements. The Iroquois Confederation initially held a stance of neutrality to ensure continued trade with both French and British. Though maintaining this stance proved difficult as the Iroquois Confederation tribes sided and supported French or British causes depending on which side provided the most beneficial trade. 1665: 1395: 1982: 1688: 3250: 2636: 1843:, which was primarily focused on resolving issues in Europe. The issues of conflicting territorial claims between British and French colonies were turned over to a commission, but it reached no decision. Frontier areas were claimed by both sides, from Nova Scotia and Acadia in the north to the Ohio Country in the south. The disputes also extended into the 2433:. Vaudreuil had been concerned about the extended supply line to the forts on the Ohio, and he had sent Baron Dieskau to lead the defenses at Frontenac against Shirley's expected attack. Vaudreuil saw Johnson as the larger threat and sent Dieskau to Fort St. Frédéric to meet that threat. Dieskau planned to attack the British encampment at 1511:, hugging the east side of the Mississippi River and its tributaries. French fur traders and trappers traveled throughout the St. Lawrence and Mississippi watersheds, did business with local Indian tribes, and often married Indian women. Traders married daughters of chiefs, creating high-ranking unions. 2831:

to draw British resources away from North America and the European mainland. The invasion failed both militarily and politically, as Pitt again planned significant campaigns against New France and sent funds to Britain's mainland ally of Prussia, while the French Navy failed in the 1759 naval battles

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near Ticonderoga. In February, they launched a raid against the position across the frozen Lake George, destroying storehouses and buildings outside the main fortification. In early August, Montcalm and 7,000 troops besieged the fort, which capitulated with an agreement to withdraw under parole. When

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Indians, who were remnants of Iroquois and other tribes who had been driven west by colonial expansion. He intensely disliked the French whom he accused of killing and eating his father. He traveled to Fort Le Boeuf and threatened the French with military action, which Marin contemptuously dismissed.

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The French acquired a copy of the British war plans, including the activities of Shirley and Johnson. Shirley's efforts to fortify Oswego were bogged down in logistical difficulties, exacerbated by his inexperience in managing large expeditions. In conjunction, he was made aware that the French were

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was given command of a 2,000-man force of Troupes de la Marine and Indians. His orders were to protect the King's land in the Ohio Valley from the British. Marin followed the route that Céloron had mapped out four years earlier. Céloron, however, had limited the record of French claims to the burial

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The Seven Years' War nearly doubled Great Britain's national debt. The Crown sought sources of revenue to pay it off and attempted to impose new taxes on its colonies. These attempts were met with increasingly stiff resistance, until troops were called in to enforce the Crown's authority, and they

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beginning in 1755 made land available to immigrants from Europe and migrants from the colonies to the south. The British resettled many Acadians throughout its American provinces, but many went to France and some went to New Orleans, which they expected to remain French. Some were sent to colonize

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in June and July, 1754. The goal of the congress was to formalize a unified front in trade and negotiations with the Indians, since the allegiance of the various tribes and nations was seen to be pivotal in the war that was unfolding. The plan that the delegates agreed to was neither ratified by

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Céloron wrote an extensively detailed report. "All I can say is that the Natives of these localities are very badly disposed towards the French," he wrote, "and are entirely devoted to the English. I don't know in what way they could be brought back." Even before his return to Montreal, reports on

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in which a number of tribes in the Ohio Country promised neutrality in exchange for land concessions and other considerations. Most of the other northern tribes sided with the French, their primary trading partner and supplier of arms. The Creeks and Cherokees were subject to diplomatic efforts by

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Two years into the war, in 1756, Great Britain declared war on France, beginning the worldwide Seven Years' War. Many view the French and Indian War as being merely the American theater of this conflict; however, in the United States the French and Indian War is viewed as a singular conflict which

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An act for extending (the Navy Act 1748, 22 Geo. 2 c. 33) (for amending, explaining, and reducing into one act of parliament the laws relating to the government of his Majesty's ships, vessels and forces by sea) to such officers, seamen, and others, as shall serve on board his Majesty's ships or

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succeeded Marin as commander of the French forces after Marin died on October 29, and he invited Washington to dine with him. Over dinner, Washington presented Saint-Pierre with the letter from Dinwiddie demanding an immediate French withdrawal from the Ohio Country. Saint-Pierre said, "As to the

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fought on both sides of the conflict. It also led into the Seven Years' War overseas, a much larger conflict between France and Great Britain that did not involve the American colonies; some historians make a connection between the French and Indian War and the Seven Years' War overseas, but most

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Governor Vaudreuil had ambitions to become the French commander in chief, in addition to his role as governor, and he acted during the winter of 1756 before those reinforcements arrived. Scouts had reported the weakness of the British supply chain, so he ordered an attack against the forts which

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suggests that Tanaghrisson was acting to gain the support of the British and to regain authority over his own people. They had been inclined to support the French, with whom they had long trading relationships. One of Tanaghrisson's men told Contrecoeur that Jumonville had been killed by British

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Dinwiddie had ordered Washington to lead a larger force to assist Trent in his work, and Washington learned of Trent's retreat while he was en route. Mingo sachem Tanaghrisson had promised support to the British, so Washington continued toward Fort Duquesne and met with him. He then learned of a

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When hostilities began, the British colonial governments preferred operating independently of one another and of the government in London. This situation complicated negotiations with Indian tribes, whose territories often encompassed land claimed by multiple colonies. As the war progressed, the

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in which Pitt dominated the military planning. He embarked on a plan for the 1758 campaign that was largely developed by Loudoun. He had been replaced by Abercrombie as commander in chief after the failures of 1757. Pitt's plan called for three major offensive actions involving large numbers of

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Montcalm focused his meager resources on the defense of the St. Lawrence, with primary defenses at Carillon, Quebec, and Louisbourg, while Vaudreuil argued unsuccessfully for a continuation of the raiding tactics that had worked quite effectively in previous years. The British failures in North

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to relieve Saint-Pierre during the same period, and Contrecœur led 500 men south from Fort Venango on April 5, 1754. These forces arrived at the fort on April 16, but Contrecœur generously allowed Trent's small company to withdraw. He purchased their construction tools to continue building what

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In Europe, the French and Indian War is conflated into the Seven Years' War and not given a separate name. "Seven Years" refers to events in Europe, from the official declaration of war in 1756—two years after the French and Indian War had started—to the signing of the peace treaty in 1763. The

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in the south. Many of the older colonies' land claims extended arbitrarily far to the west, as the extent of the continent was unknown at the time when their provincial charters were granted. Their population centers were along the coast, but the settlements were growing into the interior. The

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The elimination of French power in America meant the disappearance of a strong ally for some Indian tribes. The Ohio Country was now more available to colonial settlement due to the construction of military roads by Braddock and Forbes. The Spanish takeover of the Louisiana territory was not

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for the purpose of developing trade and settlements in the Ohio Country. The grant required that it settle 100 families in the territory and construct a fort for their protection. But the territory was also claimed by Pennsylvania, and both colonies began pushing for action to improve their

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The new British command was not in place until July. Abercrombie arrived in Albany but refused to take any significant actions until Loudoun approved them, and Montcalm took bold action against his inertia. He built on Vaudreuil's work harassing the Oswego garrison and executed a strategic

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among western Indian tribes led many of them to stay away from trading in 1758. The disease probably spread through the crowded conditions at William Henry after the battle; yet the Indians blamed the French for bringing "bad medicine" as well as denying them prizes at Fort William Henry.

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into remote Indian populations, as some Indians were reported to have traveled from beyond the Mississippi to participate in the campaign and returned afterward. Modern writer William Nester believes that the Indians might have been exposed to European carriers, although no proof exists.

2370:, and Indian warriors ambushing them from hiding places up in trees and behind logs, and Braddock called for a retreat. He was killed and approximately 1,000 British soldiers were killed or injured. The remaining 500 British troops retreated to Virginia, led by Washington. Washington and 2700:

the withdrawal began, some of Montcalm's Indian allies attacked the British column because they were angry about the lost opportunity for loot, killing and capturing several hundred men, women, children, and slaves. The aftermath of the siege may have contributed to the transmission of

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thousands of Acadians, chasing down many who resisted and sometimes committing atrocities. Cutting off supplies to Louisbourg led to its demise. The Acadian resistance was sometimes quite stiff, in concert with Indian allies including the Mi'kmaq, with ongoing frontier raids against

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in August. In the aftermath, Montcalm and the Indians under his command disagreed about the disposition of prisoners' personal effects. The Europeans did not consider them prizes and prevented the Indians from stripping the prisoners of their valuables, which angered the Indians.

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The war changed economic, political, governmental, and social relations among the three European powers, their colonies, and the people who inhabited those territories. France and Britain both suffered financially because of the war, with significant long-term consequences.

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Following the death of Braddock, William Shirley assumed command of British forces in North America, and he laid out his plans for 1756 at a meeting in Albany in December 1755. He proposed renewing the efforts to capture Niagara, Crown Point, and Duquesne, with attacks on

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Vaudreuil and Montcalm were minimally resupplied in 1758, as the British blockade of the French coastline limited French shipping. The situation in New France was further exacerbated by a poor harvest in 1757, a difficult winter, and the allegedly corrupt machinations of

2917:. After eliminating French positions along the way all three forces met up and surrounded Montreal in September. Many Canadians deserted or surrendered their arms to British forces while the Native allies of the French sought peace and neutrality. De Lévis and the 4776:. Second volume in a series of historical narratives, with emphasis on Sir William Johnson. Academic historians often regard Eckert's books, which are written in the style of novels, to be unreliable, as they contain things like dialogue that is clearly fictional. 3047:

on 10 February 1763, by the kingdoms of Great Britain, France and Spain, with Portugal in agreement. The British offered France the choice of surrendering either its continental North American possessions east of the Mississippi or the Caribbean islands of

2676:, in early August. In the meantime, French ships had escaped the British blockade of the French coast, and a fleet awaited Loudoun at Louisbourg which outnumbered the British fleet. Faced with this strength, Loudoun returned to New York amid news that 2808:, in which 3,600 Frenchmen defeated Abercrombie's force of 18,000 regulars, militia, and Indian allies outside the fort which the French called Carillon and the British called Ticonderoga. Abercrombie saved something from the disaster when he sent 1301:

came to power and significantly increased British military resources in the colonies at a time when France was unwilling to risk large convoys to aid the limited forces that they had in New France, preferring to concentrate their forces against

3060:, two small islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, along with fishing rights in the area. They viewed the economic value of the Caribbean islands' sugar cane to be greater and easier to defend than the furs from the continent. French philosopher 2381:

The British government initiated a plan to increase their military capability in preparation for war following news of Braddock's defeat and the start of parliament's session in November 1755. Among the early legislative measures were the

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where the Indians in the area informed him that they owned the Ohio Country and that they would trade with the British colonists regardless of the French. He continued south until his expedition reached the confluence of the Ohio and the

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At this time, North America east of the Mississippi River was largely claimed by either Great Britain or France. Large areas had no colonial settlements. The French population numbered about 75,000 and was heavily concentrated along the

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and its allies who were now engaged in the Seven Years' War in Europe. The conflict in Ohio ended in 1758 with the British–American victory in the Ohio Country. Between 1758 and 1760, the British military launched a campaign to capture

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An act to enable his Majesty to grant commissions to a certain number of foreign Protestants who have served abroad as officers, or engineers, to act and rank as officers, or engineers, in America only, under certain restrictions and

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to its Indian population, a demarcation that was only a temporary impediment to a rising tide of westward-bound settlers. The proclamation also contained provisions that prevented civic participation by the Roman Catholic Canadians.

1779:. There Céloron buried lead plates engraved with the French claim to the Ohio Country. Whenever he encountered British colonial merchants or fur-traders, he informed them of the French claims on the territory and told them to leave. 1285:

without direction from Great Britain. The Acadians were expelled, both those captured in arms and those who had sworn the loyalty oath to the king. Natives likewise were driven off the land to make way for settlers from New England.

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residents of the United States consider them as two separate conflicts—only one of which involved the American colonies, and American historians generally use the traditional name. Less frequently used names for the war include the

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General Amherst also oversaw the transfer of French fortifications to British control on the western frontier. The policies which he introduced in those lands disturbed large numbers of Natives and contributed to the outbreak of

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as his second in command. Neither of these men had as much campaign experience as the trio of officers whom France sent to North America. French regular army reinforcements arrived in New France in May 1756, led by Major General

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on January 16, 1754. He stated in his report, "The French had swept south", detailing the steps which they had taken to fortify the area, and their intention to fortify the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers.

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tribes. At the start of the war, the French colonies had a population of roughly 60,000 settlers, compared with 2 million in the British colonies. The outnumbered French particularly depended on their native allies.

2449:. The battle ended inconclusively, with both sides withdrawing from the field. Johnson's advance stopped at Fort William Henry, and the French withdrew to Ticonderoga Point, where they began the construction of 1899:, but he did not arrive in New France until 1752 to take over the post. The continuing British activity in the Ohio territories prompted Longueuil to dispatch another expedition to the area under the command of 1803:". Céloron threatened Old Briton with severe consequences if he continued to trade with British colonists, but Old Briton ignored the warning. Céloron returned disappointedly to Montreal in November 1749. 2059:

was the speaker of their tribal council, and he insisted that the British abide by their obligations and block French expansion. Clinton did not respond to his satisfaction, and Hendrick said that the "

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John Wade, "British History Chronologically Arranged, 2: Comprehending a Chamfied Analysis of Events and Occurencis in Church and State ... from the First Invasions by the Romans to A.d. 1847", p.46

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and two troop ships. The British harassed French shipping throughout 1755, seizing ships and capturing seamen. These actions contributed to the eventual formal declarations of war in spring 1756.

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on October 7, 1763, which outlined the division and administration of the newly conquered territory, and it continues to govern relations to some extent between the government of Canada and the

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musket fire. Historians generally consider the Battle of Jumonville Glen as the opening battle of the French and Indian War in North America, and the start of hostilities in the Ohio valley.

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sent to drive out the French from the contested Ohio Country. The French withdrew from Fort Duquesne and left the British in control of the Ohio River Valley. The great French fortress at

2668:. He left a sizable force at Fort William Henry to distract Montcalm and began organizing for the expedition to Quebec. He was then ordered to attack Louisbourg first by William Pitt, the 6780: 2164:

French scouting party in the area from a warrior sent by Tanaghrisson, so he added Tanaghrisson's dozen Mingo warriors to his own party. Washington's combined force of 52 ambushed 40

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the colonial legislatures nor approved by the Crown. Nevertheless, the format of the congress and many specifics of the plan became the prototype for confederation during the

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at Pickawillany, capturing three traders and killing 14 Miami Indians, including Old Briton. He was reportedly ritually cannibalized by some Indians in the expedition party.

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to impress the Indians with a French show of force against British colonial settler incursion, unauthorized trading expeditions, and general trespass against French claims

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Summons you send me to retire, I do not think myself obliged to obey it." He told Washington that France's claim to the region was superior to that of the British, since

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Clodfelter, M. (2017). Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492–2015 (4th ed.). Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland.

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in September 1762. Many of the British troops who were stationed in America were reassigned to participate in further British actions in the West Indies, including the

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by moving his headquarters to Ticonderoga, as if to presage another attack along Lake George. With Abercrombie pinned down at Albany, Montcalm slipped away and led the

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and 30 Indians, and they covered about 3,000 miles (4,800 km) between June and November 1749. They went up the St. Lawrence, continued along the northern shore of

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America combined with other failures in the European theater and led to Newcastle's fall from power along with the Duke of Cumberland, his principal military advisor.

875: 1911:. His objective was to punish the Miami people of Pickawillany for not following Céloron's orders to cease trading with the British. On June 21, the French war party 1514:

British settlers outnumbered the French 20 to 1 with a population of about 1.5 million ranged along the Atlantic coast of the continent from Nova Scotia and the

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Murrin, John M. (1973). "The French and Indian War, the American Revolution, and the Counterfactual Hypothesis: Reflections on Lawrence Henry Gipson and John Shy".

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in September 1760. Amherst granted his requests that any French residents who chose to remain in the colony would be given freedom to continue worshiping in their

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explored the Ohio territory, acting on behalf of both Virginia and the company, and he opened negotiations with the Indian tribes at Logstown. He completed the

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Hall, Richard (2016). "The Causes of the French and Indian War and the Origins of the "Braddock Plan": Rival Colonies and Their Claims to the Disputed Ohio".

2017:, designed to guard the headwaters of LeBoeuf Creek. As he moved south, he drove off or captured British traders, alarming both the British and the Iroquois. 9596: 4215:

An act for the better supply of mariners and seamen to serve in his Majesty's ships of war, and on board merchant ships, and other trading ships and vessels.

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tradition, to own property, and to remain undisturbed in their homes. The British provided medical treatment for the sick and wounded French soldiers, and

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Most of the fighting ended in America in 1760, although it continued in Europe between France and Britain. The notable exception was the French seizure of

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The British proceeded to wage a campaign in the northwest frontier of Canada in an effort to cut off the French frontier forts to the west and south. They

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The British formed an aggressive plan of operations for 1755. General Braddock was to lead the expedition to Fort Duquesne, while Massachusetts governor

546: 2728:. His schemes to supply the colony inflated prices and were believed by Montcalm to line his pockets and those of his associates. A massive outbreak of 10191: 10161: 9115: 8962: 1055: 2664:

Loudoun was a capable administrator but a cautious field commander, and he planned one major operation for 1757: an attack on New France's capital of

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regular troops supported by the provincial militias, aimed at capturing the heartlands of New France. Two of the expeditions were successful, with

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in upstate New York, who was the British Superintendent for Indian Affairs in the New York region and beyond. Johnson was known to the Iroquois as

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in 1755. The British sent out their fleet in February 1755, intending to blockade French ports, but the French fleet had already sailed. Admiral

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to an end. The frontier settlements required the continued deployment of British forces, and the conflict was not fully concluded until 1766.

2816:, including caches of supplies destined for New France's western forts and furs destined for Europe. Abercrombie was recalled and replaced by 2111:(a company surveyor working in the area), and a few Mingos led by Tanaghrisson. On December 12, Washington and his men reached Fort Le Boeuf. 9272: 2233:

to lead the expedition. Word of the British military plans leaked to France well before Braddock's departure for North America. In response,

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on July 3. Washington surrendered and negotiated a withdrawal under arms. One of his men reported that the Canadian force was accompanied by

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tribes. When war broke out, the French colonists used their trading connections to recruit fighters from tribes in western portions of the

1402:. Canadians and Europeans view the French and Indian War as a theater of the Seven Years' War, while Americans view it a separate conflict. 7004: 6994: 860: 10246: 9951: 9299: 9061: 8876: 5313: 5283: 5188: 3840: 2840:. In one piece of good fortune, some French supply ships did manage to depart France and elude the British blockade of the French coast. 2387: 1738:

to reaffirm to New France's Indian allies that their trading arrangements with colonists were exclusive to those authorized by New France

2441:, but Johnson had strongly fortified it, and Dieskau's Indian support was reluctant to attack. The two forces finally met in the bloody 2406:

massing for an attack on Fort Oswego in his absence when he planned to attack Fort Niagara. As a response, he left garrisons at Oswego,

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of Virginia was an investor in the Ohio Company, which stood to lose money if the French held their claim. He ordered 21-year-old Major

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in the area, and he was made a colonel of the Iroquois in 1746; he was later commissioned as a colonel of the Western New York Militia.

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ended in defeat when British ships arrived to relieve the garrison. After Lévis had retreated he was given another blow when a British

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French irregular forces (Canadian scouts and Indians) harassed Fort William Henry throughout the first half of 1757. In January, they

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passed in 1774 which addressed a number of grievances held by French Canadians and Indians, although it angered American colonists

2576:. His plan, however, got bogged down by disagreements and disputes with others, including William Johnson and New York's Governor 416: 10156: 10151: 9941: 9601: 9547: 9145: 9104: 9075: 8647: 6927: 5369: 5339: 5308: 2485: 1523:

British captured Nova Scotia from France in 1713, which still had a significant French-speaking population. Britain also claimed

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to confirm Indian assistance in asserting and maintaining the French claim to the territories which French explorers had claimed

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Beginning from the 1750s and lasting until the 1760s, a smallpox outbreak devastated several Native communities throughout the

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died on March 17, 1752, and he was temporarily replaced by Charles le Moyne de Longueuil. His permanent replacement was to be

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Brumwell, pp. 26–31, documents the starting sizes of the expeditions against Louisbourg, Carillon, Duquesne, and West Indies.

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of 1774 addressed issues brought forth by Roman Catholic French Canadians from the 1763 proclamation, and it transferred the

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At this time, Spain claimed only the province of Florida in eastern America. It controlled Cuba and other territories in the

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was conquered by the British and became part of the British Empire. In Quebec, this term was promoted by popular historians

8853: 7766: 7420: 6888: 6161: 5974: 5633: 5288: 3195:. France attached comparatively little value to its American possessions, apart from the highly profitable sugar-producing 3012:. The outbreak was brought on in part by victorious Native warriors who had fought on the side of the French bringing home 2974: 2922: 2620:. On May 17, 1756, Britain formally declared war on France, which expanded the war into Europe and came to be known as the 977: 1695:

There were no French regular army troops stationed in America at the onset of war. New France was defended by about 3,000

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that became military objectives in the Seven Years' War. Florida's European population was a few hundred, concentrated in

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Patterson, Stephen E. (1994). "1744–1763: Colonial Wars and Aboriginal Peoples". In Buckner, Phillip; Reid, John (eds.).

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Montcalm attempts to stop native warriors from attacking the British. A number of British soldiers were killed after the

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the situation in the Ohio Country were making their way to London and Paris, each side proposing that action be taken.

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in June 1755 to take Fort Duquesne, with George Washington as one of his aides. The expedition was a disaster. It was

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were returned to France aboard British ships with an agreement that they were not to serve again in the present war.

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leaders of the British Army establishment tried to impose constraints and demands on the colonial administrations.

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was concerned about the incursion and expanding influence in the Ohio Country of British colonial traders such as

10236: 9703: 9437: 9393: 8789: 8287: 8143: 6882: 6467: 5799: 5420: 4634: 4610: 3325: 3183:. The Quebec Act served as the constitutional document for the Province of Quebec until it was superseded by the 2883: 2859: 2672:

responsible for the colonies. The expedition was beset by delays of all kinds but was finally ready to sail from

2434: 2037:, meaning "he who does great things." He spoke their languages and had become a respected honorary member of the 1312: 1202:(Huron). Fighting took place primarily along the frontiers between New France and the British colonies, from the 1095: 937: 912: 687: 198: 4242: 4213: 1815:

was particularly forceful, stating that British colonists would not be safe as long as the French were present.

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and Acadia, colonies containing approximately 80,000 primarily French-speaking Roman Catholic residents. The

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This article is about the conflict from 1754 to 1763. For the series of conflicts between 1688 and 1763, see

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The French had generally poor results in 1758 in most theaters of the war. The new foreign minister was the

2063:" was broken, a long-standing friendly relationship between the Iroquois Confederacy and the British Crown. 1875:

and an Iroquois representative. These terms included permission to build a strong house at the mouth of the

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The war in North America, along with the global Seven Years' War, officially ended with the signing of the

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News of the two battles reached England in August. After several months of negotiations, the government of

2006: 1726: 1290: 947: 890: 677: 7729: 6203: 5693: 4933: 4526: 3571:"Below the Academic Radar: Denis Vaugeois and Constructing the Conquest in the Quebec Popular Imagination" 3200: 1266: 922: 9917: 9813: 9383: 8652: 8029: 7994: 7380: 7350: 6720: 6672: 6257: 6058: 5516: 4991: 4450:

The smallpox genocide of the Odawa tribe at L'Arbre Croche, 1763: the history of a Native American people

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Johnson's expedition was better organized than Shirley's, which was noticed by New France's governor the

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European colonies in North America, c. 1750. Disputes over territorial claims persisted after the end of

1550:

Between the French and British colonists, large areas were dominated by Indian tribes. To the north, the

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decided to send an army expedition the following year to dislodge the French. They chose Major General

1900: 1371: 967: 962: 892: 769: 667: 618: 578: 404: 2788: 2534: 2338: 9997: 9982: 9972: 9931: 9853: 9818: 9388: 8455: 8282: 8252: 8021: 7689: 7654: 7649: 7360: 7208: 6539: 5926: 5853: 5769: 5486: 5298: 4691: 3450: 3101: 3057: 2906: 2477: 2469: 2363: 2343: 2273: 2183: 2175: 1559: 1408: 1343: 1278: 1250: 1231: 1100: 957: 804: 789: 643: 459: 128: 3472: 3445: 1621:, which was not directly subject to the conflict between the French and British; these included the 10136: 10131: 10126: 10121: 10002: 9977: 9893: 9798: 9758: 9350: 8896: 8739: 8724: 8625: 8573: 8531: 8519: 8356: 8158: 7759: 6792: 6605: 6551: 6437: 6425: 6395: 6137: 6028: 5829: 5823: 5561: 5293: 5074: 3227: 3009: 2937:. General Amherst heard of this surprise action and immediately dispatched troops under his nephew 2813: 2640: 2609: 2506: 2502: 2211: 2195: 1859: 1653: 1463: 1254: 1253:

on July 9, 1755, and died a few days later. British operations failed in the frontier areas of the

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Diplomacy and Indian Gifts: Anglo-French Rivalry Along the Ohio and Northwest Frontiers, 1748–1763

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Crucible of War: The Seven Years' War and the Fate of Empire in British North America, 1754–1766

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Crucible of War: The Seven Years' War and the Fate of Empire in British North America, 1754–1766

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in 1754. In the spring of 1753, the French began to build a series of forts in the Ohio Country.

1442:

in considering this war as a dramatic tipping point of French Canadian identity and nationhood.

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An act for the encouragement of seamen, and the more effectual manning of his Majesty's navy.

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An early important political response to the opening of hostilities was the convening of the

2280: 2253: 1852: 1374:, so British colonists named this conflict after their opponents, and it became known as the 1359: 997: 992: 932: 927: 917: 829: 613: 603: 5248: 4940: 4853: 4784: 4742: 4721: 4700: 4647: 4629: 3113:, but these efforts were unsuccessful. The Louisiana population contributed to founding the 2613: 2484:

from land-based reinforcements. To cut vital supplies to Louisbourg, Nova Scotia's Governor

1868: 1008: 429: 10079: 9898: 9863: 9768: 9743: 9432: 8929: 8881: 8821: 8657: 8578: 8438: 8361: 8319: 8198: 8148: 8133: 8116: 8016: 7904: 7874: 7584: 7507: 7475: 7203: 7041: 6974: 6786: 6575: 6521: 6449: 6371: 6359: 6155: 5914: 5835: 5531: 5481: 5253: 5168: 5143: 3305: 3297: 2998: 2898: 1912: 1828: 1752: 1696: 1645: 1575: 1539: 1450: 1407:

French and Indian War in America, by contrast, was largely concluded in six years from the

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in 1763, in which a series of Native attacks on frontier forts occurred, such as that on

2793: 2629: 2621: 2481: 2359: 2347: 2316: 1768: 1764: 1602: 1587: 1519: 1500: 1399: 1363: 1342:, Cuba.) France's colonial presence north of the Caribbean was reduced to the islands of 1308: 1297:; this last was followed by the Natives torturing and massacring their colonial victims. 1289:

The British Pitt government fell due to disastrous campaigns in 1757, including a failed

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An act for the speedy and effectual recruiting of his Majesty's land forces and marines.

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The resulting peace dramatically changed the political landscape of North America, with

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fort in the early months of 1754. Governor Duquesne sent additional French forces under

1661:

both the French and British to gain either their support or neutrality in the conflict.

1265:

scouts, French regular forces, and Native warrior allies. In 1755, the British captured

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Empires at War: The French and Indian War and the Struggle for North America, 1754-1763

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which effectively brought a nearly half-century long period of European garrisoning at

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the Fortress of Louisbourg. The French fortress fell in July 1758 after a 48-day siege.

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Canadians conflate both the European and American conflicts into the Seven Years' War (

1281:(1755–64) soon afterwards. Orders for the deportation were given by Commander-in-Chief 1175: 1090: 1060: 682: 648: 260: 5012:

Map of French and Indian War. French and British forts and settlements, Indian tribes.

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during 1755–57 due to a combination of poor management, internal divisions, effective

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of lead plates, whereas Marin constructed and garrisoned forts. He first constructed

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and still held sway in parts of Nova Scotia, Acadia, and the eastern portions of the

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In British America, wars were often named after the sitting British monarch, such as

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France also ceded its territory east of the Mississippi to Great Britain, as well as

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British raid on the Acadian settlement of Grimross. Efforts to undermine the French

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was a British campaign in September–October 1758, with 6,000 troops led by General

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on the north shore of Lake Ontario and an expedition through the wilderness of the

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Empire of Fortune: Crowns, Colonies, and Tribes in the Seven Years' War in America

2858:

After a three-month siege of Quebec City, British forces captured the city at the

2182:, whose head was reportedly split open by Tanaghrisson with a tomahawk. Historian 9936: 9873: 9828: 9728: 8734: 8667: 8563: 8524: 8408: 8351: 8223: 8126: 8024: 7944: 7939: 7889: 7694: 7639: 7490: 7485: 7193: 7096: 6762: 6702: 6641: 6635: 6563: 6443: 6347: 6329: 5980: 5902: 5476: 5118: 4987: 4959: 4761: 4533: 3847: 2954: 2833: 2809: 2673: 2328: 2304: 2287: 2269: 2230: 2104: 1812: 1772: 1598: 1504: 1378:. This continues as the standard name for the war in the United States, although 1335: 1282: 1242: 1211: 1159: 433: 408: 345: 309: 194: 177: 4835:(1950) highly detailed narrative of the British war in North America and Europe. 3494: 2426:. Supplies were cached at Fort Bull for use in the projected attack on Niagara. 2210:, which the Canadians attacked under the command of Jumonville's brother at the 1903:, an officer in the Troupes de la Marine. Langlade was given 300 men, including 9616: 8684: 8662: 8640: 8618: 8613: 8138: 8069: 7999: 7744: 7619: 7569: 7233: 7198: 7188: 6969: 6894: 6623: 6545: 6503: 6497: 6485: 6173: 5729: 4904:

The first global war: Britain, France, and the fate of North America, 1756–1775

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on September 8 which effectively completed the British conquest of New France.

2616:

and Colonel François-Charles de Bourlamaque, all experienced veterans from the

2561: 2497: 2423: 2060: 2056: 1908: 1844: 1716: 1622: 1555: 1435: 1311:. They succeeded in capturing territory in surrounding colonies and ultimately 1234:

in May 1754, during which Virginia militiamen under the command of 22-year-old

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Even before Washington returned, Dinwiddie had sent a company of 40 men under

10100: 8826: 8603: 7574: 7355: 6900: 6876: 6774: 6768: 6666: 6034: 5920: 5890: 5681: 5324: 3744: 3283: 3269: 3117:

population. (The French word "Acadien" changed to "Cadien" then to "Cajun".)

3106: 2577: 2450: 2351: 2152: 2139: 2053: 2010: 1985: 1606: 1484: 1223: 102: 6912: 5030: 4921: 2897:

led French forces to launch an attack to retake Quebec. Although he won the

2222:, and Mingo warriors—just those whom Tanaghrisson was seeking to influence. 1210:

in the north. It began with a dispute over control of the confluence of the

62: 8815: 8751: 8292: 7604: 7599: 6744: 6587: 6461: 6112: 6082: 5865: 5723: 5521: 5511: 5043: 4780: 4230:

vessels employed upon the lakes, great waters, or rivers, in North America.

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in 1757, other than the campaigns to expel the Acadians ranging around the

2480:

in June 1755 in the sole British success that year, cutting off the French

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detached a fast squadron to North America in an attempt to intercept them.

2206:

Following the battle, Washington pulled back several miles and established

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Washington's party left Fort Le Boeuf early on December 16 and arrived in

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Canadian History: a Reader's Guide: Volume 1: Beginnings to Confederation

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which claimed the lives of both commanders. After the battle, the French

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The third invasion was stopped with the improbable French victory in the

2715:

Great Britain in the Seven Years' War § Conquest of Canada (1758–60)

2573: 2371: 2308: 1823: 1796: 1677: 1496: 1488: 1270: 322: 4344: 3798: 3782: 3752: 3139: 2965: 2257: 2178:. They killed many of the Canadiens, including their commanding officer 1346:, confirming Great Britain's position as the dominant colonial power in 8794: 8702: 8608: 8541: 8314: 7410: 6311: 6233: 5944: 5781: 4894: 4670:

The War that Made America: A Short History of the French and Indian War

3728: 3152: 3144: 3085: 3053: 3049: 3036:

claimed that the outbreak had "entirely depopulated and laid waste" to

3025: 2949:

when Spain belatedly entered the conflict on the side of France, and a

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played key roles in organizing the retreat—two future opponents in the

2171: 1953: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1880: 1800: 1776: 1638: 1551: 1427: 1227: 1143:

was not associated with any European war. French Canadians call it the

235: 124: 8630: 3475:, Canadian National Battlefields Commission, Plains of Abraham website 3131:. Included in its provisions was the reservation of lands west of the 2854: 1687: 8460: 8079: 7929: 7564: 7549: 6726: 6479: 6299: 3080: 2909:

brought the loss of French ships meant to resupply his army. In July

2407: 2198:. After deliberations, it was decided to withdraw, and surrender the 2166: 1871:

in which the local Indians agreed to terms through their "Half-King"

1760: 1759:, crossed the portage at Niagara, and followed the southern shore of 1723:

to lead a military expedition through the area. Its objectives were:

4886: 3203:

considered that he had made a good deal at the Treaty of Paris, and

3175:

over the advance of "popery". It is typically associated with other

2492:

population from the area. Monckton's forces, including companies of

1928: 1534: 1338:. (Spain had ceded Florida to Britain in exchange for the return of 8836: 8774: 8546: 8465: 7614: 6455: 4139: 3520:

Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre: Officer, Gentleman, Entrepreneur

3204: 3196: 3061: 3002: 2969:

French authorities surrendering Montreal to British forces in 1760.

2729: 2701: 2583: 2358:

Braddock led about 1,500 army troops and provincial militia on the

2219: 2143: 2038: 1783: 1744:

to discourage any alliances between Britain and local Indian tribes

1669: 1614: 1262: 1163: 4723:

The Scratch of a Pen: 1763 and the Transformation of North America

3487:

Atlantic Politics, Military Strategy and the French and Indian War

2071: 7579: 3220: 3167:, a medieval code removed from France within a generation by the 2489: 2261: 2215: 1664: 1630: 1610: 1583: 1334:

to its ally Spain in compensation for Spain's loss to Britain of

1303: 1195: 489: 281: 4702:

Redcoats: The British Soldier and War in the Americas, 1755–1763

4424:

Blackbird's song : Andrew J. Blackbird and the Odawa people

3171:. The Quebec Act was a major concern for the largely Protestant 2103:

in October 1753. Washington left with a small party, picking up

1981: 1644:

The British colonists were supported in the war by the Iroquois

1394: 4427:. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press. pp. 6–7. 3546: 3544: 3542: 3226:

France returned to America in 1778 with the establishment of a

3017: 2665: 2342:

British forces under fire from the French and Indian forces at

2083:

was dispatched to warn the French to leave Virginian territory.

1847:, where both powers wanted access to the rich fisheries of the 1591: 1579: 1339: 1274: 1187: 1183: 485: 273: 269: 2635: 1315:(1759). The following year the British were victorious in the 4833:

The Great War for the Empire: The Victorious Years, 1758–1760

3739:(3). North Carolina Office of Archives and History: 303–322. 3575:

Remembering 1759: The Conquest of Canada in Historical Memory

3114: 3021: 2653: 2022: 1154:

The British colonists were supported at various times by the

1038: 203: 136: 4829:

The Great War for the Empire: The Years of Defeat, 1754–1757

4447: 3539: 2335:

to the east on the frontier between Nova Scotia and Acadia.

2237:

dispatched six regiments to New France under the command of

3783:"Population Structure in Hispanic St. Augustine, 1629–1763" 2639:

In August 1756, French soldiers and native warriors led by

3341:

Troupes coloniales#List of regiments in New France 1755–59

2048:

and officials from some of the other American colonies at

127:

east of the Mississippi River to Great Britain, retaining

92:(9 years, 4 months, 1 week and 2 days) 4686: 3729:"Anglo-French Rivalry in the Cherokee Country, 1754-1757" 3473:"The Siege of Quebec: An episode of the Seven Years' War" 2913:

then led British forces numbering around 18,000 men in a

2555:

Map of Quebec with the distribution of French and British

2095:(whose brother was another Ohio Company investor) of the 2044:

The Indian representatives and Johnson met with Governor

1648:

and also by the Cherokees, until differences sparked the

1420:). French Canadians also use the term "War of Conquest" ( 1230:, Pennsylvania. The dispute erupted into violence in the 4930:

The French and Indian War and the Conquest of New France

2122:

had explored the Ohio Country nearly a century earlier.

1918: 1597:

The Southeast interior was dominated by Siouan-speaking

1319:

in which the French ceded Canada in accordance with the

27:

North American theater of the worldwide Seven Years' War

4341:

The Great Fortress: A Chronicle of Louisbourg 1720–1760

3489:. War, Culture and Society, 1750-1850. pp. 21–49. 2174:) on the morning of May 28 in what became known as the 2142:

to that point where they began construction of a small

1538:

Iroquois expansion, 1711. By the mid-18th century, the

10232:

Wars involving the states and peoples of North America

10227:

Wars involving the indigenous peoples of North America

4966:. Originally published 1884. New York: Da Capo, 1984. 3064:

referred to Canada disparagingly as nothing more than

4261:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p. 152. 4072: 3644:

Revolutionary America, 1763–1815: A Political History

3394:

Gary Walton; History of the American Economy; page 27

3163:. The Act maintained French Civil law, including the 2509:, among others. The only clashes of any size were at 79:

28 May 1754 – 7 October 1763

4063: 4049:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. pp. 52–53. 3245: 3238:

describes as French "revenge for Montcalm's death".

4747:. Westport, Connecticut - London: Greenwood Press. 1166:tribes, and the French colonists were supported by 4527:The Real First World War and the Making of America 3599: 2928: 1751:Céloron's expedition force consisted of about 200 1126:, which pitted the North American colonies of the 4768:. Bantam Books, 1994, originally published 1969. 2941:, who regained control of Newfoundland after the 2410:, and Fort Williams, the last two located on the 1858:In 1749, the British government gave land to the 1241:In 1755, six colonial governors met with General 505:42,000 regulars and militia (peak strength, 1758) 10098: 7774: 3362: 2628:Shirley had erected at the Oneida Carry. In the 4582: 4573: 4483: 4259:The Atlantic Region to Confederation: A History 3562: 3522:. Michigan State University Press. p. 221. 3028:peoples were most affected by the outbreak. An 2488:ordered the deportation of the French-speaking 2005:, and he had a road built to the headwaters of 1791:rivers, which lay just south of the village of 1466:, who did business with natives throughout the 154: 5354: 3577:. University of Toronto Press. pp. 233–. 3016:which had been infected with the disease; the 2708: 2540: 1483:valley, with some also in Acadia (present-day 8045:Drafting and ratification of the Constitution 7760: 6942: 6928: 5709: 5340: 5059: 5035: 4964:Montcalm and Wolfe: The French and Indian War 2678:a massacre had occurred at Fort William Henry 1886: 1024: 876: 753: 562: 8969:Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization 6957: 5073: 3836: 3834: 3824: 3822: 2951:British expedition against French Martinique 2599:Newcastle replaced him in January 1756 with 1455: 1421: 1415: 1411:in 1754 to the capture of Montreal in 1760. 1145: 226: 4938: 4122: 4120: 3568: 3353: 2785:in Nova Scotia was captured after a siege. 2388:Commissions to Foreign Protestants Act 1756 2194:Washington with his war council during the 2101:warn the French to leave Virginia territory 1570:dominated much of upstate New York and the 1249:by Braddock proved a disaster; he lost the 10252:18th century in the French colonial empire 7767: 7753: 6935: 6921: 5716: 5702: 5347: 5333: 5066: 5052: 4557: 4555: 4420: 4108: 3602:Encyclopedia of North American immigration 3072:was to be open to vessels of all nations. 2878:in the summer of 1759. In September 1759, 2580:, and consequently gained little support. 2298: 2029:The Iroquois sent runners to the manor of 1542:had expanded from Upstate New York to the 1531:traded for furs with local Indian tribes. 1031: 1017: 883: 869: 760: 746: 569: 555: 61: 10192:Military history of the Thirteen Colonies 10162:Colonization history of the United States 8493:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 4293: 4284: 4256: 3984: 3962: 3917: 3857: 3831: 3819: 3812: 3810: 3808: 3179:, legislation that eventually led to the 1969:Learn how and when to remove this message 4685:– Released in conjunction with the 2006 4308: 4117: 4081: 3935: 3684: 3641: 3138: 3079: 2964: 2853: 2787: 2739: 2682: 2634: 2582: 2550: 2459: 2457:after the British captured it in 1759). 2337: 2247: 2189: 2070: 1980: 1822: 1725: 1686: 1663: 1533: 1449: 1393: 210: 8648:Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. 4979:French and Indian War – A Short History 4945:. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. 4552: 4448:Otto, Simon; Cappel, Constance (2007). 4044: 3971: 3780: 3223:were resettled to the coast of Mexico. 3032:from Odawa tribal leader and historian 2256:French naval ships sent to provide war 2120:René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle 2009:. He then constructed a second fort at 1731:Roland-Michel Barrin de La Galissonière 1713:Roland-Michel Barrin de La Galissonière 1706: 1134:, each side being supported by various 434: 409: 14: 10099: 4901: 4872: 4591: 4543: 4362: 4315:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. pp. 4134: 4132: 3805: 3793:(3). Florida Historical Society: 264. 3669: 3597: 2874:, and they defeated the French at the 2437:at the upper end of navigation on the 2066: 1839:ended in 1748 with the signing of the 1691:General James Wolfe, British commander 1101:Banda Oriental & Rio Grande do Sul 10257:18th century in the Thirteen Colonies 9576: 9338: 9000: 7804: 7748: 7542: 7308: 7151: 7024: 6916: 5697: 5328: 5047: 5034: 3726: 3707:from the original on October 9, 2022. 3088:ceded to the British and the Spanish. 1919:Construction of French fortifications 1771:, the expedition moved inland to the 1012: 864: 741: 550: 7366:Second Franco-Dahomean War (1892–94) 5975:Regulator Movement in North Carolina 3733:The North Carolina Historical Review 3484: 3440: 3438: 3199:islands which it retained. Minister 2923:Articles of Capitulation of Montreal 2792:A British expedition sent to invade 2268:In a second British action, Admiral 2264:and Mi'kmaw militias in Nova Scotia. 2158: 1951:adding citations to reliable sources 1922: 10202:Military history of the Great Lakes 7381:Voulet–Chanoine Mission (1898–1900) 7371:Second Madagascar expedition (1895) 4379:"Treaty of Paris February 10, 1763" 4129: 3875:The Ohio Company: Its Inner History 3606:. New York: Facts on File. p. 3191:ultimately led to the start of the 2812:on an expedition that successfully 2765:falling to sizable British forces. 2148:Claude-Pierre Pécaudy de Contrecœur 1775:, which it followed to the site of 24: 10247:18th century in the British Empire 8335:Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act 8325:Assassination of James A. Garfield 3517: 3311:Colonial American military history 2796:was repulsed by the French at the 1226:at the location that later became 894:Seven Years' War in North America: 771:Seven Years' War in North America: 580:Seven Years' War in North America: 25: 10268: 8367:Assassination of William McKinley 7341:French conquest of Senegal (1854) 5724:Colonial conflicts involving the 5598:Canada and the American Civil War 5007:The French and Indian War Website 5000: 4666: 4645: 3646:. London: Routledge. p. 32. 3435: 2593:Commander-in-Chief, North America 2307:was given the task of fortifying 2115:Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre 1438:, who borrowed from the ideas of 1370:in the 1740s during the reign of 588:, St. Lawrence and Mohawk theater 10074: 10065: 10064: 10029: 10028: 8586:Assassination of John F. Kennedy 8379:Nadir of American race relations 8258:Assassination of Abraham Lincoln 7730:Ouvéa cave hostage taking (1988) 7421:Intervention in Mexico (1861–67) 7361:First Franco-Dahomean War (1890) 7254:Burma–France relations (1729–56) 5675: 5663: 5662: 5189:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 4786:His Excellency George Washington 4421:Karamanski, Theodore J. (2012). 3979:His Excellency George Washington 3787:The Florida Historical Quarterly 3694:Emory Endeavors in World History 3331:Military history of the Acadians 3290: 3276: 3262: 3248: 2915:three pronged attack on Montreal 2827:, and he decided to focus on an 2470:forcible removal of the Acadians 2133: 2001:on Lake Erie's south shore near 1927: 1782:Céloron's expedition arrived at 1566:, as well as much of Maine. The 1426:), since it is the war in which 243: 228: 212: 171: 156: 10187:Military history of New England 8288:First transcontinental railroad 7595:Tunisian independence (1952–56) 7376:Menalamba rebellion (1895-1903) 7214:French and Indian War (1754–60) 5800:Cromwellian conquest of Ireland 4604: 4564: 4519: 4510: 4501: 4492: 4474: 4441: 4414: 4405: 4396: 4371: 4353: 4333: 4302: 4275: 4250: 4236: 4221: 4207: 4192: 4178: 4169: 4160: 4140:"The Battle of the Monongahela" 4099: 4090: 4038: 4029: 4020: 4011: 4002: 3993: 3953: 3944: 3926: 3908: 3899: 3890: 3881: 3866: 3774: 3720: 3711: 3678: 3660: 3635: 3624: 3591: 3553: 3526: 3511: 3336:Military history of the Mi'kmaq 3326:Military history of Nova Scotia 3075: 2973:Governor Vaudreuil in Montreal 2929:Sporadic engagements, 1760–1763 2884:Battle of the Plains of Abraham 1938:needs additional citations for 1891:Governor-General of New France 1818: 1507:; and small settlements in the 1353: 10157:1760s in the Thirteen Colonies 10152:1750s in the Thirteen Colonies 7645:Holy Man's Rebellion (1901–36) 7585:Kongo-Wara rebellion (1928–31) 7476:Cochinchina Campaign (1858–62) 7229:Haitian Revolution (1791–1804) 5903:Father Rale's War/Dummer's War 4705:. Cambridge University Press. 3841:"Park Spotlight: Lake Loramie" 3687:"The Downfall of the Iroquios" 3478: 3466: 3422: 3397: 3388: 3371: 2618:War of the Austrian Succession 1837:War of the Austrian Succession 1711:New France's Governor-General 1574:, although Ohio also included 13: 1: 7710:First Indochina War (1946–54) 7461:Franco-Tahitian War (1844–47) 6300:Black War (Van Diemen's Land) 6144:Castle Hill convict rebellion 4848: 4719: 4698: 3781:Corbett, Theodore G. (1976). 3642:Cogliano, Francis D. (2008). 3230:against Great Britain in the 3207:wrote that Louis XV had lost 2953:in 1762 led by Major General 2754:joined in an uneasy coalition 2591:was named as the new British 1613:, and the Iroquoian-speaking 1445: 1291:expedition against Louisbourg 1222:, and the site of the French 10222:Wars involving Great Britain 9456:Hispanic and Latino American 8310:Second Industrial Revolution 8144:Nat Turner's slave rebellion 7850:Exploration of North America 7776:History of the United States 7523:Franco-Siamese crisis (1893) 7107:King William's War (1689–97) 5603:Mackenzie–Papineau Battalion 5314:United States Virgin Islands 4635:Resources in other libraries 4507:Anderson (2000), pp. 636–637 4498:Anderson (2000), pp. 565–566 4480:Anderson (2000), pp. 505–506 4411:Anderson (2000), pp. 617–632 3346: 3040:, a large Odawa settlement. 2907:naval victory at Restigouche 2843: 2400:Continuance of Laws Act 1756 1863:respective claims. In 1750, 1719:. In June 1747, he ordered 1656:successfully negotiated the 7: 8980:Indictments of Donald Trump 8171:First Industrial Revolution 8005:Declaration of Independence 7995:Second Continental Congress 7590:Malagasy Uprising (1947–48) 7416:Argentina–Uruguay (1845–50) 7289:Egypt and Syria (1798–1801) 7204:King George's War (1744–48) 4992:Library and Archives Canada 4875:Reviews in American History 4803: 4789:. New York: Vintage Books. 4726:. Oxford University Press. 4078:Anderson (2000), pp. 59–65. 4069:Anderson (2000), pp. 51–59. 3495:10.1007/978-3-319-30665-0_2 3241: 2709:British conquest, 1758–1760 2689:Siege of Fort William Henry 2658:successful attack on Oswego 2541:French victories, 1756–1757 2180:Joseph Coulon de Jumonville 1913:attacked the trading center 1366:. There had already been a 1295:Siege of Fort William Henry 10: 10273: 10242:18th century in New France 10197:Military history of Canada 10182:Military history of Acadia 10167:Conflicts in New Brunswick 9577: 9339: 9001: 8872:Killing of Osama bin Laden 7960:First Continental Congress 7805: 7471:French conquest of Vietnam 7184:Queen Anne's War (1702–13) 6817:Jewish revolt in Palestine 6462:Fenian Rebellion in Canada 6107:Dwyer's guerrilla campaign 5999:American Revolutionary War 5608:Canada and the Vietnam War 5497:American Revolutionary War 5356:Military history of Canada 4902:Nester, William R (2000). 4779: 4720:Calloway, Colin G (2006). 4699:Brumwell, Stephen (2006). 3941:Anderson (2000), pp. 42–43 3727:Hamer, P. M. (July 1925). 3321:Military history of Canada 3232:American Revolutionary War 3193:American Revolutionary War 3181:American Revolutionary War 3125:Royal Proclamation of 1763 3096:Britain gained control of 2847: 2726:intendant of the territory 2712: 2544: 2376:American Revolutionary War 2252:In June 1755, the British 1901:Charles Michel de Langlade 1887:Escalation in Ohio Country 1238:ambushed a French patrol. 29: 10050: 10016: 9960: 9924: 9912: 9651: 9625: 9587: 9583: 9572: 9345: 9334: 9007: 8996: 8862: 8765: 8693: 8594: 8505: 8456:Wall Street Crash of 1929 8387: 8268: 8253:Emancipation Proclamation 8184: 8107: 8055: 8022:Articles of Confederation 7975: 7860:Native American epidemics 7840: 7815: 7811: 7800: 7782: 7722: 7695:Franco-Thai War (1940–41) 7632: 7535: 7491:Sino-French War (1884–85) 7486:Tonkin Campaign (1883–86) 7433: 7406:Río de la Plata (1838–40) 7393: 7301: 7246: 7234:Santo Domingo (1795–1809) 7176: 7144: 7124: 7069: 7017: 6987: 6950: 6944:French colonial conflicts 6651: 6588:Jameson Raid South Africa 6122: 5875: 5736: 5657: 5621: 5590: 5582:Intervention against ISIL 5502:French Revolutionary Wars 5439: 5362: 5289:Saint Pierre and Miquelon 5207: 5081: 5041: 5036:Links to related articles 5017:Seven Years' War timeline 4906:. Westport, CT: Praeger. 4744:The French and Indian War 4740: 4692:The War that Made America 4630:Resources in your library 4540:, November/December 2005. 3852:Ohio State Parks Magazine 3573:. In John G. Reid (ed.). 3451:The Canadian Encyclopedia 3058:Saint Pierre and Miquelon 2975:negotiated a capitulation 2947:capture of Spanish Havana 2882:defeated Montcalm in the 2327:, and Lieutenant Colonel 2176:Battle of Jumonville Glen 1841:Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle 1578:-speaking populations of 1491:), including Île Royale ( 1409:Battle of Jumonville Glen 1344:Saint Pierre and Miquelon 1279:expulsion of the Acadians 1269:on the border separating 1251:Battle of the Monongahela 1232:Battle of Jumonville Glen 1151:('War of the Conquest'). 1051: 908: 899:The French and Indian War 785: 776:The French and Indian War 594: 585:The French and Indian War 520: 499: 460:Daniel Lienard de Beaujeu 417:François-Marie de Lignery 295: 147: 129:Saint Pierre and Miquelon 71: 60: 48: 43: 10172:Conflicts in Nova Scotia 9942:Northern Mariana Islands 8515:Strike wave of 1945–1946 7570:Volta-Bani War (1915–16) 7434:Asia & Pacific Ocean 7189:Chickasaw Wars (1721–52) 6799:Arab revolt in Palestine 6396:Second Anglo-Burmese War 6138:Second Anglo-Maratha War 6029:Australian frontier wars 5309:Turks and Caicos Islands 5075:History of North America 4939:O'Meara, Walter (1965). 4741:Cave, Alfred A. (2004). 3550:Anderson (2000), p. 747. 3228:Franco-American alliance 2960: 2935:St. John's, Newfoundland 2895:François Gaston de Lévis 2820:, victor at Louisbourg. 2814:destroyed Fort Frontenac 2697:ambushed British rangers 2641:Louis-Joseph de Montcalm 2610:Louis-Joseph de Montcalm 2478:captured Fort Beauséjour 2445:between Fort Edward and 2212:Battle of Fort Necessity 2196:Battle of Fort Necessity 1860:Ohio Company of Virginia 1654:Province of Pennsylvania 1398:Belligerents during the 1389:Great War for the Empire 1385:Fourth Intercolonial War 1255:Province of Pennsylvania 387:Louis-Joseph de Montcalm 9477:Middle Eastern American 9294:Technology and industry 8164:Seneca Falls Convention 7965:Continental Association 7865:Settlement of Jamestown 7705:South Vietnam (1945–46) 7575:Kaocen revolt (1916–17) 7503:Second Opium War (1860) 7496:North Vietnam (1886–96) 7481:North Vietnam (1873–74) 7284:East Indies (1793–1801) 7219:North America (1778–83) 7087:North America (1627–29) 7077:Beaver Wars (1609–1701) 6793:Second Mohmand campaign 6528:Third Anglo-Burmese War 6492:Second Anglo-Afghan War 6294:First Anglo-Burmese War 6270:Third Anglo-Maratha War 6101:Fourth Anglo-Mysore War 6011:Second Anglo-Mysore War 6005:First Anglo-Maratha War 5613:Canada and the Iraq War 5517:Rebellions of 1837–1838 4667:Anderson, Fred (2005). 4646:Anderson, Fred (2000). 4570:Anderson (2000), p. 525 4516:Anderson (2000), p. 568 4383:FrenchandIndianWar.info 4359:Anderson (2000), p. 498 4309:Anderson, Fred (2000). 3816:Anderson (2000), p. 26. 3405:"French and Indian War" 3185:Constitutional Act 1791 3102:deportation of Acadians 2921:reluctantly signed the 2768: 2392:Royal American Regiment 2299:British campaigns, 1755 2015:Waterford, Pennsylvania 1994:Paul Marin de la Malgue 1992:In the spring of 1753, 1893:Marquis de la Jonquière 1869:1752 Treaty of Logstown 1277:, and they ordered the 18:French & Indian War 10237:18th century in Canada 9597:Admission to the Union 8963:Afghanistan withdrawal 8958:January 6 insurrection 8877:Rise in mass shootings 8849:Virginia Tech shooting 8402:Paris Peace Conference 8176:Second Great Awakening 7915:American Enlightenment 7640:Boxer Rebellion (1901) 7605:Cameroon War (1955–64) 7600:Algerian War (1954–62) 7518:Leewards War (1888–97) 7316:Indian Ocean (1809–11) 7194:Dummer's War (1721–25) 7097:Carib Expulsion (1660) 6733:Third Anglo-Afghan War 6618:First Mohmand campaign 6342:First Anglo-Afghan War 6041:Third Anglo-Mysore War 5487:Father Le Loutre's War 5457:Second Anglo-Dutch War 5239:British Virgin Islands 4045:Anderson, Fred (200). 4035:Anderson (2000), p. 50 3950:Anderson (2000), p. 43 3914:Anderson (2000), p. 27 3905:Anderson (2000), p. 28 3685:Bleiweis, Sam (2013). 3675:Anderson (2000), p. 23 3432:(1994) pp 39–48, 72–74 3316:French and Indian Wars 3148: 3089: 2970: 2863: 2801: 2749: 2692: 2648: 2596: 2556: 2547:Franco-Indian alliance 2473: 2466:Fortress of Louisbourg 2355: 2265: 2203: 2084: 1989: 1879:on the modern site of 1832: 1734: 1692: 1673: 1652:in 1758. In 1758, the 1568:Iroquois Confederation 1560:Father Le Loutre's War 1547: 1516:Colony of Newfoundland 1475: 1472:St. Lawrence watershed 1456: 1422: 1416: 1403: 1321:Treaty of Paris (1763) 1146: 661:Conquest of New France 535:10,400 died of disease 529:1,512 killed in action 516:, peak strength, 1757) 296:Commanders and leaders 32:French and Indian Wars 10217:Wars involving France 10107:French and Indian War 9589:Territorial evolution 8953:George Floyd Protests 8936:Unite the Right rally 8805:Oklahoma City bombing 8800:Republican Revolution 8747:Space Shuttle program 8569:Civil Rights Movement 8537:North Atlantic Treaty 8345:Sherman Antitrust Act 8330:Chinese Exclusion Act 7920:French and Indian War 7910:Prelude to Revolution 7895:First Great Awakening 7855:European colonization 7620:Bizerte crisis (1961) 7451:Philippines (1844–45) 7401:West Indies (1804–10) 7356:Ivory Coast (1883–98) 7279:East Indies (1778–83) 7209:Nova Scotia (1749–55) 7199:Natchez revolt (1729) 7159:West Africa (1758–63) 7092:West Indies (1635–59) 6965:South Carolina (1562) 6390:Second Anglo-Sikh War 6047:Cotiote (Wayanad) War 5933:French and Indian War 5649:Internment Camps WWII 5577:Intervention in Libya 5492:French and Indian War 5462:Third Anglo-Dutch War 5179:Saint Kitts and Nevis 4982:30 Minute Book Series 4616:French and Indian War 4588:Calloway, pp. 152–156 4579:Calloway, pp. 133–138 4489:Calloway, pp. 161–164 4166:O'Meara, pp. 110–111. 4145:World Digital Library 3598:Powell, John (2005). 3142: 3133:Appalachian Mountains 3105:places as diverse as 3083: 2987:French regular troops 2968: 2943:Battle of Signal Hill 2857: 2791: 2743: 2686: 2638: 2603:, with Major General 2586: 2554: 2463: 2443:Battle of Lake George 2341: 2325:Crown Point, New York 2251: 2227:the Duke of Newcastle 2193: 2170:(French colonists of 2074: 1984: 1826: 1729: 1721:Pierre-Joseph Céloron 1690: 1667: 1537: 1462:were French-Canadian 1453: 1423:Guerre de la Conquête 1397: 1376:French and Indian War 1147:guerre de la Conquête 1130:against those of the 1116:French and Indian War 779:, Ohio Valley Theater 521:Casualties and losses 44:French and Indian War 10212:Wabanaki Confederacy 10177:Events in New France 9503:Palestinian American 8930:Obergefell v. Hodges 8822:September 11 attacks 8658:Second-wave feminism 8579:Cuban Missile Crisis 8439:Bath School disaster 8357:Spanish–American War 8320:The Gospel of Wealth 8199:California Gold Rush 8159:Mexican–American War 8149:Nullification crisis 8117:Era of Good Feelings 8017:Confederation period 7925:Proclamation of 1763 7875:Atlantic slave trade 7112:Santo Domingo (1691) 6552:Hunza–Nagar Campaign 6360:First Anglo-Sikh War 6336:Egyptian–Ottoman War 5644:Internment Camps WWI 5532:North-West Rebellion 5025:, by Francis Parkman 4858:. New York: Norton. 4827:Gipson, Lawrence H. 4813:. New York: Walker. 4673:. New York: Viking. 3666:Jennings, pp. 9, 176 3569:Brian Young (2012). 3409:American History USA 3368:Brumwell, pp. 24–25. 3306:American Indian Wars 3298:North America portal 3234:, in what historian 2919:Marquis de Vaudreuil 2901:, Lévis' subsequent 2899:Battle of Sainte-Foy 2888:capitulated the city 2868:captured Ticonderoga 2674:Halifax, Nova Scotia 2645:attacked Fort Oswego 2612:and seconded by the 2431:Marquis de Vaudreuil 2366:by French regulars, 2039:Iroquois Confederacy 1947:improve this article 1907:and warriors of the 1897:the Marquis Duquesne 1753:Troupes de la marine 1707:Céloron's expedition 1697:troupes de la marine 1540:Iroquois Confederacy 1529:Hudson's Bay Company 1518:in the north to the 1259:Province of New York 1204:Province of Virginia 1168:Wabanaki Confederacy 978:Gulf of St. Lawrence 532:1,500 died of wounds 514:troupes de la marine 442:Joseph de Jumonville 400:Marquis de Vaudreuil 250:Wabanaki Confederacy 183:Iroquois Confederacy 10147:1760s in New France 10142:1750s in New France 9952:U.S. Virgin Islands 9438:Lithuanian American 9394:Vietnamese American 8740:End of the Cold War 8730:Invasion of Grenada 8680:Iran hostage crisis 8429:Tulsa race massacre 8236:Election of Lincoln 8231:Dred Scott decision 8219:Kansas–Nebraska Act 8122:Missouri Compromise 8040:Northwest Ordinance 8030:Pennsylvania Mutiny 8025:and Perpetual Union 7985:American Revolution 7900:War of Jenkins' Ear 7565:Zaian War (1914–21) 7550:Wadai War (1906–11) 7326:Algeria (1835–1903) 7274:Vietnam (1777–1820) 7224:Caribbean (1778–83) 6805:Waziristan campaign 6739:Waziristan campaign 6432:Revolt of Rajab Ali 5909:War of Jenkins' Ear 5527:Red River Rebellion 5194:Trinidad and Tobago 5089:Antigua and Barbuda 4928:Nester, William R. 4652:. New York: Knopf. 3999:O'Meara, pp. 37–38. 3209:a few acres of snow 3066:a few acres of snow 2829:invasion of Britain 2752:Newcastle and Pitt 2630:Battle of Fort Bull 2482:Fortress Louisbourg 2396:Navigation Act 1756 2384:Recruiting Act 1756 2368:Canadian Militiamen 2360:Braddock expedition 2348:Braddock expedition 2317:Sir William Johnson 2293:War of Independence 2107:as an interpreter, 2067:Virginia's response 2021:was a chief of the 1769:Barcelona, New York 1520:Province of Georgia 1501:Biloxi, Mississippi 1432:Jacques Lacoursière 938:2nd Northeast Coast 913:1st Northeast Coast 800:Braddock Expedition 708:Pointe-aux-Trembles 510:troupes de la terre 366:Sir William Johnson 9602:Historical regions 9558:Transgender people 9116:Capital punishment 8975:Support of Ukraine 8924:Black Lives Matter 8832:War in Afghanistan 8757:Invasion of Panama 8713:Iran–Contra affair 8574:Early–mid Cold War 8444:Harlem Renaissance 8303:Compromise of 1877 8278:Reconstruction era 8214:Fugitive Slave Act 8209:Compromise of 1850 8154:Westward expansion 8092:Louisiana Purchase 7935:Stamp Act Congress 7880:King William's War 7615:Ifni War (1957–58) 7610:Suez Crisis (1956) 6679:Bambatha Rebellion 6594:Anglo-Zanzibar War 6582:Chitral Expedition 6516:Anglo-Egyptian War 6288:Anglo-Ashanti wars 5993:Lord Dunmore's War 5951:Anglo-Cherokee War 5860:King William's War 5467:King William's War 5129:Dominican Republic 5023:Montcalm and Wolfe 4977:West, Doug (2016) 4838:Jacobs, Wilbur R. 4805:Fowler, William M. 4532:2010-01-31 at the 4458:Edwin Mellen Press 4454:Lewiston, New York 4114:Fowler, pp. 74–75. 4017:O'Meara, pp. 43–45 3846:2013-10-17 at the 3446:"Seven Years' War" 3165:seigneurial system 3161:Province of Quebec 3149: 3090: 2971: 2864: 2806:Battle of Carillon 2802: 2798:Battle of Carillon 2750: 2693: 2670:Secretary of State 2649: 2614:Chevalier de Lévis 2597: 2557: 2474: 2447:Fort William Henry 2356: 2266: 2204: 2085: 2003:Erie, Pennsylvania 1990: 1833: 1795:, the home of the 1765:Chautauqua Portage 1735: 1693: 1674: 1650:Anglo-Cherokee War 1619:Great Lakes region 1564:province of Canada 1548: 1495:). Fewer lived in 1493:Cape Breton Island 1481:St. Lawrence River 1476: 1417:Guerre de Sept Ans 1404: 1380:indigenous peoples 1360:King William's War 1313:the city of Quebec 1118:(1754–1763) was a 902:, Atlantic theater 629:Fort William Henry 430:Chevalier de Lévis 10112:Anglo-French wars 10094: 10093: 10088: 10087: 10046: 10045: 10042: 10041: 9607:American frontier 9568: 9567: 9498:Lebanese American 9483:Egyptian American 9418:Estonian American 9408:Albanian American 9402:European American 9379:Japanese American 9369:Filipino American 9330: 9329: 8992: 8991: 8988: 8987: 8941:COVID-19 pandemic 8844:Hurricane Katrina 8785:Los Angeles riots 8675:Watergate scandal 8520:Start of Cold War 8488:Manhattan Project 8075:Whiskey Rebellion 7905:King George's War 7870:Thirteen Colonies 7831:Pre-Columbian Era 7742: 7741: 7738: 7737: 7718: 7717: 7685:Vietnam (1930–31) 7670:Cilicia (1920–21) 7660:Vietnam (1918–21) 7655:Vietnam (1917–18) 7628: 7627: 7580:Rif War (1920–26) 7560:Morocco (1911–12) 7555:Casablanca (1907) 7531: 7530: 7429: 7428: 7389: 7388: 7351:Madagascar (1883) 7321:Algeria (1830–47) 7297: 7296: 7242: 7241: 7172: 7171: 7140: 7139: 7120: 7119: 7065: 7064: 7037:Senegal (1659–77) 7013: 7012: 6983: 6982: 6970:Florida (1562–65) 6910: 6909: 6841:Malayan Emergency 6751:Malabar rebellion 6612:Siege of Malakand 6558:Anglo-Manipur War 6414:Anglo-Persian War 5963:Anglo-Spanish War 5915:King George's War 5836:King Philip's War 5812:Anglo-Spanish War 5691: 5690: 5682:Canada portal 5547:Russian Civil War 5482:King George's War 5322: 5321: 5211:other territories 4952:978-0-8229-5309-8 4942:Guns at the Forks 4913:978-0-275-96771-0 4865:978-0-393-30640-8 4850:Jennings, Francis 4820:978-0-8027-1411-4 4796:978-1-4000-3253-2 4766:Wilderness Empire 4754:978-0-313-32168-9 4733:978-0-19-530071-0 4712:978-0-521-67538-3 4680:978-0-670-03454-3 4659:978-0-375-40642-3 4611:Library resources 4538:American Heritage 4525:Anderson, Fred. " 4467:978-0-7734-5220-6 4434:978-1-61186-050-4 4348:Project Gutenberg 4281:Nester, pp. 53–61 3872:Alfred P. James, 3584:978-1-4426-9924-3 3534:France in America 3504:978-3-319-30664-3 3428:M. Brook Taylor, 3213:French Revolution 3173:Thirteen Colonies 3169:French Revolution 3070:Mississippi River 2860:Plains of Abraham 2775:Forbes Expedition 2605:James Abercrombie 2587:In January 1756, 2578:Sir Charles Hardy 2476:Colonel Monckton 2321:Fort St. Frédéric 2279:on June 8, 1755, 2159:Early engagements 2097:Virginia Regiment 2093:George Washington 2081:Virginia Regiment 2077:George Washington 1999:Fort Presque Isle 1979: 1978: 1971: 1877:Monongahela River 1829:King George's War 1458:coureurs des bois 1368:King George's War 1332:Mississippi River 1317:Montreal Campaign 1236:George Washington 1220:Forks of the Ohio 1216:Monongahela River 1109: 1108: 1006: 1005: 968:Petitcodiac River 858: 857: 840:Forbes Expedition 735: 734: 624:Sabbath Day Point 545: 544: 508:10,000 regulars ( 351:George Washington 341:James Abercrombie 143: 142: 16:(Redirected from 10264: 10117:Seven Years' War 10078: 10068: 10067: 10032: 10031: 9961:Outlying islands 9918:Washington, D.C. 9913:Federal District 9612:Manifest destiny 9585: 9584: 9574: 9573: 9516:Native Americans 9488:Iranian American 9462:Mexican American 9448:Serbian American 9433:Italian American 9423:Finnish American 9413:English American 9364:Chinese American 9351:African American 9336: 9335: 9141:Direct democracy 9131:The Constitution 9090:Higher education 9013:American Century 8998: 8997: 8451:Great Depression 8424:Women's suffrage 8414:Roaring Twenties 8340:Haymarket affair 8298:Enforcement Acts 8087:Jeffersonian era 8035:Shays' Rebellion 7955:Intolerable Acts 7950:Boston Tea Party 7885:Queen Anne's War 7813: 7812: 7802: 7801: 7769: 7762: 7755: 7746: 7745: 7720: 7719: 7700:Indochina (1945) 7630: 7629: 7540: 7539: 7431: 7430: 7411:Mexico (1838–39) 7391: 7390: 7306: 7305: 7244: 7243: 7174: 7173: 7149: 7148: 7122: 7121: 7082:Brazil (1612–15) 7067: 7066: 7042:Djidjelli (1664) 7022: 7021: 7005:Brazil (1590–04) 7000:Brazil (1555–67) 6985: 6984: 6955: 6954: 6937: 6930: 6923: 6914: 6913: 6859:Cyprus Emergency 6685:Maritz rebellion 6673:Tibet expedition 6606:Benin Expedition 6426:Indian Rebellion 6420:Second Opium War 6402:Eureka Rebellion 6378:British Honduras 6354:New Zealand Wars 5939:Seven Years' War 5885:Queen Anne's War 5718: 5711: 5704: 5695: 5694: 5680: 5679: 5678: 5666: 5665: 5552:Second World War 5472:Queen Anne's War 5404:Crown and Forces 5385:Colonial militia 5380:Canadian Militia 5349: 5342: 5335: 5326: 5325: 5279:Saint Barthélemy 5209:Dependencies and 5082:Sovereign states 5068: 5061: 5054: 5045: 5044: 5032: 5031: 4995: 4960:Parkman, Francis 4956: 4925: 4898: 4869: 4824: 4800: 4781:Ellis, Joseph J. 4758: 4737: 4716: 4684: 4663: 4598: 4595: 4589: 4586: 4580: 4577: 4571: 4568: 4562: 4559: 4550: 4547: 4541: 4523: 4517: 4514: 4508: 4505: 4499: 4496: 4490: 4487: 4481: 4478: 4472: 4471: 4445: 4439: 4438: 4418: 4412: 4409: 4403: 4402:Jennings, p. 439 4400: 4394: 4393: 4391: 4389: 4375: 4369: 4366: 4360: 4357: 4351: 4337: 4331: 4330: 4306: 4300: 4297: 4291: 4288: 4282: 4279: 4273: 4272: 4254: 4248: 4240: 4234: 4225: 4219: 4211: 4205: 4196: 4190: 4182: 4176: 4175:O'Meara, p. 163. 4173: 4167: 4164: 4158: 4157: 4155: 4153: 4136: 4127: 4124: 4115: 4112: 4106: 4105:O'Meara, p. 113. 4103: 4097: 4094: 4088: 4085: 4079: 4076: 4070: 4067: 4061: 4060: 4042: 4036: 4033: 4027: 4024: 4018: 4015: 4009: 4006: 4000: 3997: 3991: 3988: 3982: 3975: 3969: 3966: 3960: 3957: 3951: 3948: 3942: 3939: 3933: 3930: 3924: 3921: 3915: 3912: 3906: 3903: 3897: 3894: 3888: 3885: 3879: 3878:(1959) pp. 26–40 3870: 3864: 3861: 3855: 3838: 3829: 3826: 3817: 3814: 3803: 3802: 3778: 3772: 3771: 3769: 3767: 3724: 3718: 3715: 3709: 3708: 3706: 3691: 3682: 3676: 3673: 3667: 3664: 3658: 3657: 3639: 3633: 3628: 3622: 3621: 3605: 3595: 3589: 3588: 3566: 3560: 3559:Jennings, p. xv. 3557: 3551: 3548: 3537: 3530: 3524: 3523: 3515: 3509: 3508: 3482: 3476: 3470: 3464: 3462: 3460: 3458: 3442: 3433: 3426: 3420: 3419: 3417: 3415: 3401: 3395: 3392: 3386: 3375: 3369: 3366: 3360: 3357: 3300: 3295: 3294: 3293: 3286: 3281: 3280: 3279: 3272: 3267: 3266: 3265: 3258: 3253: 3252: 3251: 3177:Intolerable Acts 3111:Falkland Islands 3034:Andrew Blackbird 3010:American Midwest 2890:to the British. 2876:Thousand Islands 2850:Conquest of 1760 2622:Seven Years' War 2498:forcibly removed 2486:Charles Lawrence 2468:resulted in the 2455:Fort Ticonderoga 2109:Christopher Gist 2089:Robert Dinwiddie 2050:Albany, New York 1974: 1967: 1963: 1960: 1954: 1931: 1923: 1905:French-Canadians 1883:, Pennsylvania. 1865:Christopher Gist 1799:chief known as " 1658:Treaty of Easton 1558:were engaged in 1509:Illinois Country 1461: 1425: 1419: 1400:Seven Years' War 1364:Queen Anne's War 1348:northern America 1328:French Louisiana 1206:in the south to 1149: 1124:Seven Years' War 1046: 1044: 1043:Seven Years' War 1040:Theatres of the 1033: 1026: 1019: 1010: 1009: 903: 900: 895: 885: 878: 871: 862: 861: 780: 777: 772: 762: 755: 748: 739: 738: 725:Thousand Islands 678:Fort Ticonderoga 668:La Belle-Famille 589: 586: 581: 571: 564: 557: 548: 547: 482: 468: 455:Marquis Duquesne 450: 436: 425: 411: 395: 331: 318: 248: 247: 246: 238: 234: 232: 231: 222: 218: 216: 215: 176: 175: 174: 166: 162: 160: 159: 131:, and transfers 93: 90: 88: 84: 73: 72: 65: 55:Sixty Years' War 51:Seven Years' War 41: 40: 21: 10272: 10271: 10267: 10266: 10265: 10263: 10262: 10261: 10137:1760s in Canada 10132:1750s in Canada 10127:1760s conflicts 10122:1750s conflicts 10097: 10096: 10095: 10090: 10089: 10084: 10038: 10012: 9956: 9920: 9908: 9647: 9621: 9579: 9564: 9470:Jewish American 9443:Polish American 9384:Korean American 9374:Indian American 9341: 9326: 9181:Merchant Marine 9151:Law enforcement 9003: 8984: 8858: 8854:Great Recession 8761: 8735:Reagan Doctrine 8689: 8668:Stonewall riots 8590: 8564:Project Mercury 8525:Truman Doctrine 8501: 8409:First Red Scare 8383: 8352:Progressive Era 8264: 8224:Bleeding Kansas 8180: 8127:Monroe Doctrine 8103: 8051: 8010:Treaty of Paris 7971: 7945:Boston Massacre 7940:Sons of Liberty 7836: 7807: 7796: 7778: 7773: 7743: 7734: 7714: 7675:Syria (1925–27) 7665:Syria (1919–21) 7624: 7527: 7508:Japan (1863–64) 7441:Moluccas (1810) 7425: 7385: 7293: 7269:India (1756–63) 7264:India (1749–54) 7259:India (1746–48) 7238: 7168: 7136: 7116: 7102:Texas (1685–89) 7061: 7009: 6979: 6946: 6941: 6911: 6906: 6847:Kenya Emergency 6653: 6647: 6642:Second Boer War 6636:Boxer Rebellion 6564:Pahang Uprising 6444:Ambela campaign 6366:Río de la Plata 6348:First Opium War 6330:Aden Expedition 6162:Río de la Plata 6124: 6118: 6089:Irish Rebellion 5981:First Carib War 5877: 5871: 5794:Confederate War 5788:Irish Rebellion 5738: 5732: 5722: 5692: 5687: 5676: 5674: 5653: 5617: 5586: 5572:Afghanistan War 5542:First World War 5452:Ango-French War 5435: 5358: 5353: 5323: 5318: 5212: 5210: 5203: 5077: 5072: 5037: 5003: 4998: 4988:"Virtual Vault" 4986: 4953: 4914: 4887:10.2307/2701135 4866: 4821: 4797: 4762:Eckert, Allan W 4755: 4734: 4713: 4681: 4660: 4641: 4640: 4639: 4619: 4618: 4614: 4607: 4602: 4601: 4596: 4592: 4587: 4583: 4578: 4574: 4569: 4565: 4560: 4553: 4548: 4544: 4534:Wayback Machine 4524: 4520: 4515: 4511: 4506: 4502: 4497: 4493: 4488: 4484: 4479: 4475: 4468: 4446: 4442: 4435: 4419: 4415: 4410: 4406: 4401: 4397: 4387: 4385: 4377: 4376: 4372: 4367: 4363: 4358: 4354: 4339:William, Wood, 4338: 4334: 4327: 4307: 4303: 4299:Fowler, p. 139. 4298: 4294: 4290:Fowler, p. 138. 4289: 4285: 4280: 4276: 4269: 4255: 4251: 4241: 4237: 4226: 4222: 4212: 4208: 4201:qualifications. 4197: 4193: 4183: 4179: 4174: 4170: 4165: 4161: 4151: 4149: 4138: 4137: 4130: 4125: 4118: 4113: 4109: 4104: 4100: 4095: 4091: 4086: 4082: 4077: 4073: 4068: 4064: 4057: 4047:Crucible of War 4043: 4039: 4034: 4030: 4026:Jennings, p. 65 4025: 4021: 4016: 4012: 4007: 4003: 3998: 3994: 3989: 3985: 3976: 3972: 3967: 3963: 3959:Jennings, p. 63 3958: 3954: 3949: 3945: 3940: 3936: 3931: 3927: 3922: 3918: 3913: 3909: 3904: 3900: 3896:Jennings, p. 18 3895: 3891: 3887:Jennings, p. 15 3886: 3882: 3871: 3867: 3862: 3858: 3848:Wayback Machine 3839: 3832: 3827: 3820: 3815: 3806: 3779: 3775: 3765: 3763: 3725: 3721: 3716: 3712: 3704: 3689: 3683: 3679: 3674: 3670: 3665: 3661: 3654: 3640: 3636: 3629: 3625: 3618: 3596: 3592: 3585: 3567: 3563: 3558: 3554: 3549: 3540: 3531: 3527: 3516: 3512: 3505: 3483: 3479: 3471: 3467: 3456: 3454: 3444: 3443: 3436: 3427: 3423: 3413: 3411: 3403: 3402: 3398: 3393: 3389: 3376: 3372: 3367: 3363: 3358: 3354: 3349: 3296: 3291: 3289: 3282: 3277: 3275: 3268: 3263: 3261: 3254: 3249: 3247: 3244: 3121:King George III 3078: 3045:Treaty of Paris 2979:General Amherst 2963: 2955:Robert Monckton 2939:William Amherst 2931: 2911:Jeffrey Amherst 2903:siege of Quebec 2893:In April 1760, 2852: 2846: 2825:duc de Choiseul 2818:Jeffery Amherst 2810:John Bradstreet 2771: 2744:British forces 2717: 2711: 2570:Chaudière River 2549: 2543: 2519:Annapolis Royal 2513:in 1755 and at 2494:Rogers' Rangers 2453:(later renamed 2350:failed to take 2333:Fort Beauséjour 2331:was to capture 2329:Robert Monckton 2319:was to capture 2305:William Shirley 2301: 2288:Albany Congress 2270:Edward Boscawen 2231:Edward Braddock 2161: 2136: 2105:Jacob Van Braam 2069: 2031:William Johnson 1975: 1964: 1958: 1955: 1944: 1932: 1921: 1889: 1821: 1813:William Shirley 1773:Allegheny River 1709: 1505:Mobile, Alabama 1448: 1356: 1336:Spanish Florida 1283:William Shirley 1267:Fort Beauséjour 1247:the main effort 1243:Edward Braddock 1212:Allegheny River 1136:Native American 1112: 1111: 1110: 1105: 1047: 1042: 1039: 1037: 1007: 1002: 904: 898: 893: 891: 889: 859: 854: 790:Jumonville Glen 781: 775: 770: 768: 766: 736: 731: 590: 584: 579: 577: 575: 538: 492: 488: 484: 478: 472: 464: 446: 421: 391: 380: 346:Edward Boscawen 336:Earl of Loudoun 327: 314: 310:Edward Braddock 305:Jeffery Amherst 284: 280: 276: 272: 268: 261:Mi'kmaw militia 244: 242: 229: 227: 213: 211: 202: 199:Cherokee Nation 197: 193: 185: 178:British America 172: 170: 157: 155: 119: 113:British victory 105: 91: 86: 82: 80: 67:The war theater 66: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10270: 10260: 10259: 10254: 10249: 10244: 10239: 10234: 10229: 10224: 10219: 10214: 10209: 10204: 10199: 10194: 10189: 10184: 10179: 10174: 10169: 10164: 10159: 10154: 10149: 10144: 10139: 10134: 10129: 10124: 10119: 10114: 10109: 10092: 10091: 10086: 10085: 10083: 10082: 10072: 10062: 10060:Historiography 10057: 10051: 10048: 10047: 10044: 10043: 10040: 10039: 10037: 10036: 10026: 10020: 10018: 10014: 10013: 10011: 10010: 10005: 10000: 9998:Navassa Island 9995: 9990: 9985: 9983:Johnston Atoll 9980: 9975: 9973:Howland Island 9970: 9964: 9962: 9958: 9957: 9955: 9954: 9949: 9944: 9939: 9934: 9932:American Samoa 9928: 9926: 9922: 9921: 9916: 9914: 9910: 9909: 9907: 9906: 9901: 9896: 9891: 9886: 9881: 9876: 9871: 9866: 9861: 9856: 9854:South Carolina 9851: 9846: 9841: 9836: 9831: 9826: 9821: 9819:North Carolina 9816: 9811: 9806: 9801: 9796: 9791: 9786: 9781: 9776: 9771: 9766: 9761: 9756: 9751: 9746: 9741: 9736: 9731: 9726: 9721: 9716: 9711: 9706: 9701: 9696: 9691: 9686: 9681: 9676: 9671: 9666: 9661: 9655: 9653: 9649: 9648: 9646: 9645: 9643:The West Coast 9640: 9635: 9629: 9627: 9623: 9622: 9620: 9619: 9617:Indian removal 9614: 9609: 9604: 9599: 9593: 9591: 9581: 9580: 9570: 9569: 9566: 9565: 9563: 9562: 9561: 9560: 9555: 9550: 9538: 9531: 9530: 9529: 9524: 9512: 9511: 9510: 9508:Saudi American 9505: 9500: 9495: 9493:Iraqi American 9490: 9485: 9473: 9466: 9465: 9464: 9452: 9451: 9450: 9445: 9440: 9435: 9430: 9428:Irish American 9425: 9420: 9415: 9410: 9398: 9397: 9396: 9391: 9386: 9381: 9376: 9371: 9366: 9358:Asian American 9354: 9346: 9343: 9342: 9332: 9331: 9328: 9327: 9325: 9324: 9323: 9322: 9317: 9312: 9307: 9302: 9290: 9289: 9288: 9286:Sexual slavery 9276: 9269: 9262: 9261: 9260: 9255: 9250: 9245: 9240: 9235: 9223: 9222: 9221: 9216: 9211: 9206: 9201: 9196: 9184: 9177: 9170: 9169: 9168: 9163: 9158: 9156:Postal service 9153: 9148: 9146:Foreign policy 9143: 9138: 9133: 9128: 9123: 9118: 9113: 9101: 9094: 9093: 9092: 9080: 9079: 9078: 9066: 9065: 9064: 9052: 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8468: 8463: 8458: 8448: 8447: 8446: 8441: 8436: 8431: 8426: 8421: 8411: 8406: 8405: 8404: 8393: 8391: 8385: 8384: 8382: 8381: 8376: 8375: 8374: 8369: 8364: 8359: 8349: 8348: 8347: 8342: 8337: 8332: 8327: 8322: 8312: 8307: 8306: 8305: 8300: 8295: 8290: 8285: 8274: 8272: 8266: 8265: 8263: 8262: 8261: 8260: 8255: 8245: 8244: 8243: 8238: 8233: 8228: 8227: 8226: 8216: 8211: 8204:Prelude to War 8201: 8196: 8194:Antebellum Era 8190: 8188: 8182: 8181: 8179: 8178: 8173: 8168: 8167: 8166: 8161: 8156: 8151: 8146: 8141: 8139:Trail of Tears 8134:Jacksonian era 8131: 8130: 8129: 8124: 8113: 8111: 8105: 8104: 8102: 8101: 8100: 8099: 8094: 8084: 8083: 8082: 8077: 8070:Federalist Era 8067: 8065:Bill of Rights 8061: 8059: 8053: 8052: 8050: 8049: 8048: 8047: 8042: 8037: 8032: 8027: 8014: 8013: 8012: 8007: 8002: 8000:Lee Resolution 7997: 7992: 7981: 7979: 7973: 7972: 7970: 7969: 7968: 7967: 7962: 7957: 7952: 7947: 7942: 7937: 7932: 7927: 7922: 7917: 7907: 7902: 7897: 7892: 7887: 7882: 7877: 7872: 7867: 7862: 7857: 7852: 7846: 7844: 7838: 7837: 7835: 7834: 7827: 7819: 7817: 7809: 7808: 7798: 7797: 7795: 7794: 7789: 7783: 7780: 7779: 7772: 7771: 7764: 7757: 7749: 7740: 7739: 7736: 7735: 7733: 7732: 7726: 7724: 7716: 7715: 7713: 7712: 7707: 7702: 7697: 7692: 7690:Vietnam (1940) 7687: 7682: 7680:Vietnam (1930) 7677: 7672: 7667: 7662: 7657: 7652: 7650:Vietnam (1916) 7647: 7642: 7636: 7634: 7626: 7625: 7623: 7622: 7617: 7612: 7607: 7602: 7597: 7592: 7587: 7582: 7577: 7572: 7567: 7562: 7557: 7552: 7546: 7544: 7537: 7533: 7532: 7529: 7528: 7526: 7525: 7520: 7515: 7510: 7505: 7500: 7499: 7498: 7493: 7488: 7483: 7478: 7468: 7466:Tourane (1856) 7463: 7458: 7456:Tourane (1847) 7453: 7448: 7443: 7437: 7435: 7427: 7426: 7424: 7423: 7418: 7413: 7408: 7403: 7397: 7395: 7387: 7386: 7384: 7383: 7378: 7373: 7368: 7363: 7358: 7353: 7348: 7346:Tunisia (1881) 7343: 7338: 7333: 7331:Morocco (1844) 7328: 7323: 7318: 7312: 7310: 7303: 7299: 7298: 7295: 7294: 7292: 7291: 7286: 7281: 7276: 7271: 7266: 7261: 7256: 7250: 7248: 7240: 7239: 7237: 7236: 7231: 7226: 7221: 7216: 7211: 7206: 7201: 7196: 7191: 7186: 7180: 7178: 7170: 7169: 7167: 7166: 7164:Morocco (1765) 7161: 7155: 7153: 7146: 7142: 7141: 7138: 7137: 7135: 7134: 7132:Siam (1687–90) 7128: 7126: 7118: 7117: 7115: 7114: 7109: 7104: 7099: 7094: 7089: 7084: 7079: 7073: 7071: 7063: 7062: 7060: 7059: 7057:Algiers (1688) 7054: 7052:Algiers (1683) 7049: 7047:Algiers (1682) 7044: 7039: 7034: 7032:Morocco (1629) 7028: 7026: 7019: 7015: 7014: 7011: 7010: 7008: 7007: 7002: 6997: 6991: 6989: 6981: 6980: 6978: 6977: 6975:Florida (1568) 6972: 6967: 6961: 6959: 6952: 6948: 6947: 6940: 6939: 6932: 6925: 6917: 6908: 6907: 6905: 6904: 6898: 6892: 6886: 6880: 6874: 6868: 6862: 6856: 6850: 6844: 6838: 6832: 6826: 6820: 6814: 6808: 6802: 6796: 6790: 6787:Barzani revolt 6784: 6778: 6772: 6766: 6760: 6754: 6748: 6742: 6736: 6730: 6724: 6718: 6712: 6706: 6700: 6694: 6688: 6682: 6676: 6670: 6664: 6657: 6655: 6649: 6648: 6646: 6645: 6639: 6633: 6627: 6624:Tirah campaign 6621: 6615: 6609: 6603: 6597: 6591: 6585: 6579: 6573: 6567: 6561: 6555: 6549: 6543: 6537: 6534:Central Africa 6531: 6525: 6519: 6513: 6507: 6504:First Boer War 6501: 6495: 6489: 6486:Anglo-Zulu War 6483: 6477: 6471: 6465: 6459: 6453: 6447: 6441: 6435: 6429: 6423: 6417: 6411: 6405: 6399: 6393: 6387: 6381: 6375: 6369: 6363: 6357: 6351: 6345: 6339: 6333: 6327: 6321: 6315: 6309: 6303: 6297: 6291: 6285: 6279: 6273: 6267: 6261: 6255: 6249: 6243: 6237: 6231: 6225: 6219: 6213: 6207: 6201: 6195: 6189: 6183: 6177: 6174:Froberg mutiny 6171: 6165: 6159: 6153: 6147: 6141: 6135: 6128: 6126: 6120: 6119: 6117: 6116: 6110: 6104: 6098: 6092: 6086: 6080: 6074: 6068: 6062: 6056: 6050: 6044: 6038: 6032: 6026: 6020: 6014: 6008: 6002: 5996: 5990: 5984: 5978: 5972: 5966: 5960: 5954: 5948: 5942: 5936: 5930: 5924: 5918: 5912: 5906: 5900: 5894: 5888: 5881: 5879: 5873: 5872: 5870: 5869: 5863: 5857: 5854:Williamite War 5851: 5845: 5839: 5833: 5827: 5821: 5815: 5809: 5803: 5797: 5791: 5785: 5779: 5773: 5767: 5761: 5755: 5749: 5742: 5740: 5734: 5733: 5730:British Empire 5721: 5720: 5713: 5706: 5698: 5689: 5688: 5686: 5685: 5671: 5658: 5655: 5654: 5652: 5651: 5646: 5641: 5636: 5631: 5625: 5623: 5619: 5618: 5616: 5615: 5610: 5605: 5600: 5594: 5592: 5588: 5587: 5585: 5584: 5579: 5574: 5569: 5564: 5559: 5554: 5549: 5544: 5539: 5534: 5529: 5524: 5519: 5514: 5509: 5504: 5499: 5494: 5489: 5484: 5479: 5474: 5469: 5464: 5459: 5454: 5449: 5443: 5441: 5437: 5436: 5434: 5433: 5428: 5423: 5418: 5417: 5416: 5406: 5401: 5396: 5391: 5390: 5389: 5388: 5387: 5372: 5366: 5364: 5363:History of ... 5360: 5359: 5352: 5351: 5344: 5337: 5329: 5320: 5319: 5317: 5316: 5311: 5306: 5301: 5299:Sint Eustatius 5296: 5291: 5286: 5281: 5276: 5271: 5266: 5261: 5256: 5251: 5246: 5244:Cayman Islands 5241: 5236: 5231: 5226: 5221: 5215: 5213: 5208: 5205: 5204: 5202: 5201: 5196: 5191: 5186: 5181: 5176: 5171: 5166: 5161: 5156: 5151: 5146: 5141: 5136: 5131: 5126: 5121: 5116: 5111: 5106: 5101: 5096: 5091: 5085: 5083: 5079: 5078: 5071: 5070: 5063: 5056: 5048: 5042: 5039: 5038: 5029: 5028: 5019: 5014: 5009: 5002: 5001:External links 4999: 4997: 4996: 4984: 4975: 4957: 4951: 4936: 4926: 4912: 4899: 4881:(3): 307–318. 4870: 4864: 4846: 4836: 4825: 4819: 4801: 4795: 4777: 4759: 4753: 4738: 4732: 4717: 4711: 4696: 4679: 4664: 4658: 4642: 4638: 4637: 4632: 4627: 4621: 4620: 4609: 4608: 4606: 4603: 4600: 4599: 4590: 4581: 4572: 4563: 4551: 4542: 4518: 4509: 4500: 4491: 4482: 4473: 4466: 4440: 4433: 4413: 4404: 4395: 4370: 4361: 4352: 4332: 4325: 4301: 4292: 4283: 4274: 4267: 4249: 4235: 4220: 4206: 4191: 4177: 4168: 4159: 4128: 4126:Fowler, p. 98. 4116: 4107: 4098: 4089: 4087:Fowler, p. 52. 4080: 4071: 4062: 4055: 4037: 4028: 4019: 4010: 4008:O'Meara, p. 41 4001: 3992: 3990:Fowler, p. 36. 3983: 3970: 3968:Fowler, p. 35. 3961: 3952: 3943: 3934: 3932:O'Meara, p. 48 3925: 3923:Fowler, p. 31. 3916: 3907: 3898: 3889: 3880: 3865: 3863:Fowler, p. 15. 3856: 3830: 3828:Fowler, p. 14. 3818: 3804: 3773: 3719: 3717:Jennings, p. 8 3710: 3677: 3668: 3659: 3652: 3634: 3623: 3616: 3590: 3583: 3561: 3552: 3538: 3525: 3510: 3503: 3477: 3465: 3434: 3421: 3396: 3387: 3383:978-0786474707 3370: 3361: 3351: 3350: 3348: 3345: 3344: 3343: 3338: 3333: 3328: 3323: 3318: 3313: 3308: 3302: 3301: 3287: 3273: 3259: 3256:History portal 3243: 3240: 3236:Alfred A. Cave 3157:Indian Reserve 3143:A copy of the 3077: 3074: 2983:Roman Catholic 2962: 2959: 2930: 2927: 2845: 2842: 2770: 2767: 2722:François Bigot 2710: 2707: 2574:city of Quebec 2572:to attack the 2566:Maine district 2562:Fort Frontenac 2542: 2539: 2535:Île Saint-Jean 2424:Rome, New York 2311:and attacking 2300: 2297: 2208:Fort Necessity 2160: 2157: 2135: 2132: 2068: 2065: 2061:Covenant Chain 2057:Chief Hendrick 2046:George Clinton 1977: 1976: 1935: 1933: 1926: 1920: 1917: 1888: 1885: 1845:Atlantic Ocean 1820: 1817: 1749: 1748: 1745: 1742: 1739: 1717:George Croghan 1708: 1705: 1447: 1444: 1440:Maurice Séguin 1436:Denis Vaugeois 1372:King George II 1355: 1352: 1128:British Empire 1107: 1106: 1104: 1103: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1068: 1063: 1058: 1056:Western Europe 1052: 1049: 1048: 1036: 1035: 1028: 1021: 1013: 1004: 1003: 1001: 1000: 995: 990: 988:St. John River 985: 980: 975: 973:Ile Saint-Jean 970: 965: 963:2nd Louisbourg 960: 955: 950: 948:1st Louisbourg 945: 940: 935: 930: 925: 920: 915: 909: 906: 905: 888: 887: 880: 873: 865: 856: 855: 853: 852: 847: 842: 837: 835:Bloody Springs 832: 827: 822: 817: 812: 807: 802: 797: 795:Fort Necessity 792: 786: 783: 782: 765: 764: 757: 750: 742: 733: 732: 730: 729: 728: 727: 717: 715:Sainte-Thérèse 712: 711: 710: 700: 695: 690: 685: 680: 675: 670: 664: 663: 657: 656: 654:Fort Frontenac 651: 646: 641: 636: 631: 626: 621: 616: 611: 606: 601: 595: 592: 591: 574: 573: 566: 559: 551: 543: 542: 539: 537: 536: 533: 530: 526: 523: 522: 518: 517: 506: 502: 501: 497: 496: 474:Captain Jacobs 471: 470: 457: 452: 439: 427: 414: 402: 397: 383: 381: 379: 378: 376:Sayenqueraghta 373: 368: 363: 358: 353: 348: 343: 338: 333: 320: 307: 301: 298: 297: 293: 292: 264: 263: 258: 240: 239: 207: 181: 180: 150: 149: 145: 144: 141: 140: 121: 115: 114: 111: 107: 106: 101: 99: 95: 94: 77: 69: 68: 58: 57: 46: 45: 39: 38: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10269: 10258: 10255: 10253: 10250: 10248: 10245: 10243: 10240: 10238: 10235: 10233: 10230: 10228: 10225: 10223: 10220: 10218: 10215: 10213: 10210: 10208: 10205: 10203: 10200: 10198: 10195: 10193: 10190: 10188: 10185: 10183: 10180: 10178: 10175: 10173: 10170: 10168: 10165: 10163: 10160: 10158: 10155: 10153: 10150: 10148: 10145: 10143: 10140: 10138: 10135: 10133: 10130: 10128: 10125: 10123: 10120: 10118: 10115: 10113: 10110: 10108: 10105: 10104: 10102: 10081: 10077: 10073: 10071: 10063: 10061: 10058: 10056: 10055:List of years 10053: 10052: 10049: 10035: 10027: 10025: 10024:Urban history 10022: 10021: 10019: 10015: 10009: 10006: 10004: 10003:Palmyra Atoll 10001: 9999: 9996: 9994: 9991: 9989: 9986: 9984: 9981: 9979: 9978:Jarvis Island 9976: 9974: 9971: 9969: 9966: 9965: 9963: 9959: 9953: 9950: 9948: 9945: 9943: 9940: 9938: 9935: 9933: 9930: 9929: 9927: 9925:Insular areas 9923: 9919: 9915: 9911: 9905: 9902: 9900: 9897: 9895: 9894:West Virginia 9892: 9890: 9887: 9885: 9882: 9880: 9877: 9875: 9872: 9870: 9867: 9865: 9862: 9860: 9857: 9855: 9852: 9850: 9847: 9845: 9842: 9840: 9837: 9835: 9832: 9830: 9827: 9825: 9822: 9820: 9817: 9815: 9812: 9810: 9807: 9805: 9802: 9800: 9799:New Hampshire 9797: 9795: 9792: 9790: 9787: 9785: 9782: 9780: 9777: 9775: 9772: 9770: 9767: 9765: 9762: 9760: 9759:Massachusetts 9757: 9755: 9752: 9750: 9747: 9745: 9742: 9740: 9737: 9735: 9732: 9730: 9727: 9725: 9722: 9720: 9717: 9715: 9712: 9710: 9707: 9705: 9702: 9700: 9697: 9695: 9692: 9690: 9687: 9685: 9682: 9680: 9677: 9675: 9672: 9670: 9667: 9665: 9662: 9660: 9657: 9656: 9654: 9650: 9644: 9641: 9639: 9636: 9634: 9631: 9630: 9628: 9624: 9618: 9615: 9613: 9610: 9608: 9605: 9603: 9600: 9598: 9595: 9594: 9592: 9590: 9586: 9582: 9575: 9571: 9559: 9556: 9554: 9551: 9549: 9546: 9545: 9544: 9543: 9539: 9537: 9536: 9532: 9528: 9525: 9523: 9520: 9519: 9518: 9517: 9513: 9509: 9506: 9504: 9501: 9499: 9496: 9494: 9491: 9489: 9486: 9484: 9481: 9480: 9479: 9478: 9474: 9472: 9471: 9467: 9463: 9460: 9459: 9458: 9457: 9453: 9449: 9446: 9444: 9441: 9439: 9436: 9434: 9431: 9429: 9426: 9424: 9421: 9419: 9416: 9414: 9411: 9409: 9406: 9405: 9404: 9403: 9399: 9395: 9392: 9390: 9389:Thai American 9387: 9385: 9382: 9380: 9377: 9375: 9372: 9370: 9367: 9365: 9362: 9361: 9360: 9359: 9355: 9353: 9352: 9348: 9347: 9344: 9337: 9333: 9321: 9318: 9316: 9313: 9311: 9308: 9306: 9303: 9301: 9298: 9297: 9296: 9295: 9291: 9287: 9284: 9283: 9282: 9281: 9277: 9275: 9274: 9270: 9268: 9267: 9263: 9259: 9256: 9254: 9251: 9249: 9246: 9244: 9241: 9239: 9236: 9234: 9231: 9230: 9229: 9228: 9227:Party Systems 9224: 9220: 9217: 9215: 9212: 9210: 9207: 9205: 9202: 9200: 9197: 9195: 9192: 9191: 9190: 9189: 9185: 9183: 9182: 9178: 9176: 9175: 9171: 9167: 9166:Voting rights 9164: 9162: 9159: 9157: 9154: 9152: 9149: 9147: 9144: 9142: 9139: 9137: 9134: 9132: 9129: 9127: 9124: 9122: 9119: 9117: 9114: 9112: 9109: 9108: 9107: 9106: 9102: 9100: 9099: 9095: 9091: 9088: 9087: 9086: 9085: 9081: 9077: 9074: 9073: 9072: 9071: 9067: 9063: 9060: 9059: 9058: 9057: 9053: 9049: 9046: 9044: 9041: 9039: 9036: 9034: 9031: 9030: 9029: 9028: 9024: 9022: 9021: 9017: 9015: 9014: 9010: 9009: 9006: 8999: 8995: 8981: 8978: 8976: 8973: 8971: 8970: 8966: 8964: 8961: 8959: 8956: 8954: 8951: 8947: 8944: 8943: 8942: 8939: 8937: 8934: 8932: 8931: 8927: 8925: 8922: 8918: 8915: 8913: 8910: 8908: 8905: 8903: 8900: 8898: 8895: 8893: 8890: 8888: 8885: 8883: 8880: 8879: 8878: 8875: 8873: 8870: 8869: 8867: 8865: 8861: 8855: 8852: 8850: 8847: 8845: 8842: 8838: 8835: 8833: 8830: 8829: 8828: 8827:War on terror 8825: 8823: 8820: 8818: 8817: 8813: 8811: 8808: 8806: 8803: 8801: 8798: 8796: 8793: 8791: 8788: 8786: 8783: 8781: 8778: 8776: 8773: 8772: 8770: 8768: 8764: 8758: 8755: 8753: 8750: 8748: 8745: 8741: 8738: 8736: 8733: 8731: 8728: 8727: 8726: 8725:Late Cold War 8723: 8721: 8718: 8714: 8711: 8709: 8706: 8705: 8704: 8701: 8700: 8698: 8696: 8692: 8686: 8683: 8681: 8678: 8676: 8673: 8669: 8666: 8665: 8664: 8661: 8659: 8656: 8654: 8651: 8649: 8646: 8642: 8639: 8637: 8634: 8632: 8629: 8628: 8627: 8624: 8620: 8617: 8615: 8612: 8611: 8610: 8607: 8605: 8604:Great Society 8602: 8601: 8599: 8597: 8593: 8587: 8584: 8580: 8577: 8576: 8575: 8572: 8570: 8567: 8565: 8562: 8560: 8559:Post-war boom 8557: 8553: 8550: 8548: 8545: 8543: 8540: 8538: 8535: 8534: 8533: 8530: 8526: 8523: 8522: 8521: 8518: 8516: 8513: 8512: 8510: 8508: 8504: 8494: 8491: 8490: 8489: 8486: 8484: 8481: 8479: 8476: 8475: 8474: 8471: 8467: 8464: 8462: 8459: 8457: 8454: 8453: 8452: 8449: 8445: 8442: 8440: 8437: 8435: 8432: 8430: 8427: 8425: 8422: 8420: 8417: 8416: 8415: 8412: 8410: 8407: 8403: 8400: 8399: 8398: 8395: 8394: 8392: 8390: 8386: 8380: 8377: 8373: 8370: 8368: 8365: 8363: 8360: 8358: 8355: 8354: 8353: 8350: 8346: 8343: 8341: 8338: 8336: 8333: 8331: 8328: 8326: 8323: 8321: 8318: 8317: 8316: 8313: 8311: 8308: 8304: 8301: 8299: 8296: 8294: 8291: 8289: 8286: 8284: 8281: 8280: 8279: 8276: 8275: 8273: 8271: 8267: 8259: 8256: 8254: 8251: 8250: 8249: 8246: 8242: 8239: 8237: 8234: 8232: 8229: 8225: 8222: 8221: 8220: 8217: 8215: 8212: 8210: 8207: 8206: 8205: 8202: 8200: 8197: 8195: 8192: 8191: 8189: 8187: 8183: 8177: 8174: 8172: 8169: 8165: 8162: 8160: 8157: 8155: 8152: 8150: 8147: 8145: 8142: 8140: 8137: 8136: 8135: 8132: 8128: 8125: 8123: 8120: 8119: 8118: 8115: 8114: 8112: 8110: 8106: 8098: 8095: 8093: 8090: 8089: 8088: 8085: 8081: 8078: 8076: 8073: 8072: 8071: 8068: 8066: 8063: 8062: 8060: 8058: 8054: 8046: 8043: 8041: 8038: 8036: 8033: 8031: 8028: 8026: 8023: 8020: 8019: 8018: 8015: 8011: 8008: 8006: 8003: 8001: 7998: 7996: 7993: 7991: 7988: 7987: 7986: 7983: 7982: 7980: 7978: 7974: 7966: 7963: 7961: 7958: 7956: 7953: 7951: 7948: 7946: 7943: 7941: 7938: 7936: 7933: 7931: 7928: 7926: 7923: 7921: 7918: 7916: 7913: 7912: 7911: 7908: 7906: 7903: 7901: 7898: 7896: 7893: 7891: 7888: 7886: 7883: 7881: 7878: 7876: 7873: 7871: 7868: 7866: 7863: 7861: 7858: 7856: 7853: 7851: 7848: 7847: 7845: 7843: 7839: 7833: 7832: 7828: 7826: 7825: 7821: 7820: 7818: 7814: 7810: 7803: 7799: 7793: 7790: 7788: 7785: 7784: 7781: 7777: 7770: 7765: 7763: 7758: 7756: 7751: 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7272: 7270: 7267: 7265: 7262: 7260: 7257: 7255: 7252: 7251: 7249: 7245: 7235: 7232: 7230: 7227: 7225: 7222: 7220: 7217: 7215: 7212: 7210: 7207: 7205: 7202: 7200: 7197: 7195: 7192: 7190: 7187: 7185: 7182: 7181: 7179: 7175: 7165: 7162: 7160: 7157: 7156: 7154: 7150: 7147: 7143: 7133: 7130: 7129: 7127: 7123: 7113: 7110: 7108: 7105: 7103: 7100: 7098: 7095: 7093: 7090: 7088: 7085: 7083: 7080: 7078: 7075: 7074: 7072: 7068: 7058: 7055: 7053: 7050: 7048: 7045: 7043: 7040: 7038: 7035: 7033: 7030: 7029: 7027: 7023: 7020: 7016: 7006: 7003: 7001: 6998: 6996: 6995:Brazil (1531) 6993: 6992: 6990: 6988:South America 6986: 6976: 6973: 6971: 6968: 6966: 6963: 6962: 6960: 6958:North America 6956: 6953: 6949: 6945: 6938: 6933: 6931: 6926: 6924: 6919: 6918: 6915: 6902: 6899: 6896: 6893: 6890: 6887: 6884: 6881: 6878: 6875: 6872: 6869: 6866: 6863: 6860: 6857: 6854: 6851: 6848: 6845: 6842: 6839: 6836: 6833: 6830: 6827: 6824: 6821: 6818: 6815: 6812: 6809: 6806: 6803: 6800: 6797: 6794: 6791: 6788: 6785: 6782: 6779: 6776: 6775:Ikhwan revolt 6773: 6770: 6767: 6764: 6761: 6758: 6755: 6752: 6749: 6746: 6743: 6740: 6737: 6734: 6731: 6728: 6725: 6722: 6719: 6716: 6713: 6710: 6707: 6704: 6701: 6698: 6695: 6692: 6689: 6686: 6683: 6680: 6677: 6674: 6671: 6668: 6665: 6662: 6659: 6658: 6656: 6650: 6643: 6640: 6637: 6634: 6631: 6628: 6625: 6622: 6619: 6616: 6613: 6610: 6607: 6604: 6601: 6598: 6595: 6592: 6589: 6586: 6583: 6580: 6577: 6574: 6571: 6568: 6565: 6562: 6559: 6556: 6553: 6550: 6547: 6544: 6541: 6538: 6535: 6532: 6529: 6526: 6523: 6520: 6517: 6514: 6511: 6508: 6505: 6502: 6499: 6496: 6493: 6490: 6487: 6484: 6481: 6478: 6475: 6472: 6469: 6466: 6463: 6460: 6457: 6454: 6451: 6448: 6445: 6442: 6439: 6436: 6433: 6430: 6427: 6424: 6421: 6418: 6415: 6412: 6409: 6406: 6403: 6400: 6397: 6394: 6391: 6388: 6385: 6382: 6379: 6376: 6373: 6370: 6367: 6364: 6361: 6358: 6355: 6352: 6349: 6346: 6343: 6340: 6337: 6334: 6331: 6328: 6325: 6322: 6319: 6316: 6313: 6310: 6307: 6304: 6301: 6298: 6295: 6292: 6289: 6286: 6283: 6280: 6277: 6274: 6271: 6268: 6265: 6262: 6259: 6256: 6253: 6250: 6247: 6244: 6241: 6238: 6235: 6232: 6229: 6226: 6223: 6222:Spice Islands 6220: 6217: 6214: 6211: 6208: 6205: 6202: 6199: 6196: 6193: 6190: 6187: 6184: 6181: 6180:Santo Domingo 6178: 6175: 6172: 6169: 6166: 6163: 6160: 6157: 6154: 6151: 6148: 6145: 6142: 6139: 6136: 6133: 6130: 6129: 6127: 6121: 6114: 6111: 6108: 6105: 6102: 6099: 6096: 6093: 6090: 6087: 6084: 6081: 6078: 6075: 6072: 6069: 6066: 6063: 6060: 6057: 6054: 6051: 6048: 6045: 6042: 6039: 6036: 6033: 6030: 6027: 6024: 6021: 6018: 6015: 6012: 6009: 6006: 6003: 6000: 5997: 5994: 5991: 5988: 5985: 5982: 5979: 5976: 5973: 5970: 5969:Pontiac's War 5967: 5964: 5961: 5958: 5955: 5952: 5949: 5946: 5943: 5940: 5937: 5934: 5931: 5928: 5925: 5922: 5921:Carnatic Wars 5919: 5916: 5913: 5910: 5907: 5904: 5901: 5898: 5895: 5892: 5891:Tuscarora War 5889: 5886: 5883: 5882: 5880: 5874: 5867: 5864: 5861: 5858: 5855: 5852: 5849: 5846: 5843: 5840: 5837: 5834: 5831: 5828: 5825: 5822: 5819: 5816: 5813: 5810: 5807: 5804: 5801: 5798: 5795: 5792: 5789: 5786: 5783: 5780: 5777: 5774: 5771: 5768: 5765: 5762: 5759: 5756: 5753: 5750: 5747: 5744: 5743: 5741: 5735: 5731: 5727: 5719: 5714: 5712: 5707: 5705: 5700: 5699: 5696: 5684: 5683: 5672: 5670: 5669: 5660: 5659: 5656: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5626: 5624: 5620: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5596: 5595: 5593: 5589: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5575: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5558: 5555: 5553: 5550: 5548: 5545: 5543: 5540: 5538: 5535: 5533: 5530: 5528: 5525: 5523: 5520: 5518: 5515: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5505: 5503: 5500: 5498: 5495: 5493: 5490: 5488: 5485: 5483: 5480: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5470: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5455: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5445: 5444: 5442: 5438: 5432: 5429: 5427: 5424: 5422: 5419: 5415: 5412: 5411: 5410: 5407: 5405: 5402: 5400: 5397: 5395: 5392: 5386: 5383: 5382: 5381: 5378: 5377: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5367: 5365: 5361: 5357: 5350: 5345: 5343: 5338: 5336: 5331: 5330: 5327: 5315: 5312: 5310: 5307: 5305: 5302: 5300: 5297: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5287: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5252: 5250: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5216: 5214: 5206: 5200: 5199:United States 5197: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5177: 5175: 5172: 5170: 5167: 5165: 5162: 5160: 5157: 5155: 5152: 5150: 5147: 5145: 5142: 5140: 5137: 5135: 5132: 5130: 5127: 5125: 5122: 5120: 5117: 5115: 5112: 5110: 5107: 5105: 5102: 5100: 5097: 5095: 5092: 5090: 5087: 5086: 5084: 5080: 5076: 5069: 5064: 5062: 5057: 5055: 5050: 5049: 5046: 5040: 5033: 5026: 5024: 5020: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5010: 5008: 5005: 5004: 4993: 4989: 4985: 4983: 4980: 4976: 4973: 4972:0-306-81077-8 4969: 4965: 4961: 4958: 4954: 4948: 4944: 4943: 4937: 4935: 4931: 4927: 4923: 4919: 4915: 4909: 4905: 4900: 4896: 4892: 4888: 4884: 4880: 4876: 4871: 4867: 4861: 4857: 4856: 4851: 4847: 4845: 4841: 4837: 4834: 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3911: 3902: 3893: 3884: 3877: 3876: 3869: 3860: 3854:, Spring 2006 3853: 3849: 3845: 3842: 3837: 3835: 3825: 3823: 3813: 3811: 3809: 3800: 3796: 3792: 3788: 3784: 3777: 3762: 3758: 3754: 3750: 3746: 3742: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3723: 3714: 3703: 3699: 3695: 3688: 3681: 3672: 3663: 3655: 3653:9780415964869 3649: 3645: 3638: 3632: 3627: 3619: 3613: 3609: 3604: 3603: 3594: 3586: 3580: 3576: 3572: 3565: 3556: 3547: 3545: 3543: 3535: 3529: 3521: 3514: 3506: 3500: 3496: 3492: 3488: 3481: 3474: 3469: 3453: 3452: 3447: 3441: 3439: 3431: 3425: 3410: 3406: 3400: 3391: 3384: 3380: 3374: 3365: 3356: 3352: 3342: 3339: 3337: 3334: 3332: 3329: 3327: 3324: 3322: 3319: 3317: 3314: 3312: 3309: 3307: 3304: 3303: 3299: 3288: 3285: 3284:France portal 3274: 3271: 3270:Canada portal 3260: 3257: 3246: 3239: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3224: 3222: 3216: 3214: 3210: 3206: 3202: 3198: 3194: 3188: 3186: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3170: 3166: 3162: 3158: 3154: 3146: 3141: 3137: 3134: 3130: 3129:First Nations 3126: 3122: 3118: 3116: 3112: 3108: 3107:French Guiana 3103: 3099: 3098:French Canada 3094: 3087: 3082: 3073: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3046: 3041: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3014:prizes of war 3011: 3006: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2995:Pontiac's War 2990: 2988: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2967: 2958: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2926: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2891: 2889: 2885: 2881: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2861: 2856: 2851: 2841: 2839: 2835: 2830: 2826: 2821: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2807: 2800:in July 1758. 2799: 2795: 2790: 2786: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2766: 2764: 2760: 2759:Fort Duquesne 2755: 2747: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2716: 2706: 2703: 2698: 2690: 2685: 2681: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2662: 2659: 2655: 2646: 2643:successfully 2642: 2637: 2633: 2631: 2625: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2606: 2602: 2594: 2590: 2589:John Campbell 2585: 2581: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2568:and down the 2567: 2563: 2553: 2548: 2538: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2471: 2467: 2462: 2458: 2456: 2452: 2451:Fort Carillon 2448: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2427: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2403: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2379: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2361: 2353: 2352:Fort Duquesne 2349: 2345: 2340: 2336: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2296: 2294: 2289: 2284: 2282: 2281:capturing her 2278: 2277: 2272:fired on the 2271: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2250: 2246: 2244: 2240: 2239:Baron Dieskau 2236: 2235:King Louis XV 2232: 2228: 2223: 2221: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2201: 2197: 2192: 2188: 2185: 2184:Fred Anderson 2181: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2168: 2156: 2154: 2153:Fort Duquesne 2149: 2145: 2141: 2140:William Trent 2134:Course of war 2131: 2128: 2123: 2121: 2116: 2112: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2082: 2078: 2073: 2064: 2062: 2058: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2042: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2027: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2011:Fort Le Boeuf 2008: 2007:LeBoeuf Creek 2004: 2000: 1995: 1987: 1986:Fort Le Boeuf 1983: 1973: 1970: 1962: 1952: 1948: 1942: 1941: 1936:This section 1934: 1930: 1925: 1924: 1916: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1884: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1861: 1856: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1830: 1825: 1816: 1814: 1810: 1809:Massachusetts 1804: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1785: 1780: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1746: 1743: 1740: 1737: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1704: 1700: 1698: 1689: 1685: 1683: 1682:St. Augustine 1679: 1671: 1666: 1662: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1642: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1595: 1593: 1589: 1586:, as well as 1585: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1545: 1541: 1536: 1532: 1530: 1526: 1525:Rupert's Land 1521: 1517: 1512: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1487:and parts of 1486: 1485:New Brunswick 1482: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1460: 1459: 1452: 1443: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1424: 1418: 1412: 1410: 1401: 1396: 1392: 1390: 1386: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1351: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1324: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1309:French Canada 1305: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1287: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1239: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1224:Fort Duquesne 1221: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1152: 1150: 1148: 1140: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1102: 1099: 1097: 1094: 1092: 1089: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1079: 1077: 1076:North America 1074: 1072: 1069: 1067: 1064: 1062: 1059: 1057: 1054: 1053: 1050: 1045: 1034: 1029: 1027: 1022: 1020: 1015: 1014: 1011: 999: 996: 994: 991: 989: 986: 984: 981: 979: 976: 974: 971: 969: 966: 964: 961: 959: 958:2nd Lunenburg 956: 954: 951: 949: 946: 944: 943:1st Lunenburg 941: 939: 936: 934: 931: 929: 926: 924: 921: 919: 916: 914: 911: 910: 907: 901: 896: 886: 881: 879: 874: 872: 867: 866: 863: 851: 850:Fort Ligonier 848: 846: 845:Fort Duquesne 843: 841: 838: 836: 833: 831: 828: 826: 825:Great Cacapon 823: 821: 820:Sideling Hill 818: 816: 813: 811: 808: 806: 803: 801: 798: 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224: 223: 221: 208: 205: 201:(before 1758) 200: 196: 192: 188: 184: 179: 169: 168: 167: 165: 164:Great Britain 152: 151: 146: 138: 134: 130: 126: 123:France cedes 122: 117: 116: 112: 109: 108: 104: 103:North America 100: 97: 96: 78: 75: 74: 70: 64: 59: 56: 52: 47: 42: 37: 33: 19: 9993:Midway Atoll 9988:Kingman Reef 9968:Baker Island 9947:Puerto Rico 9859:South Dakota 9849:Rhode Island 9844:Pennsylvania 9824:North Dakota 9540: 9533: 9514: 9475: 9468: 9454: 9400: 9356: 9349: 9292: 9278: 9271: 9264: 9225: 9199:Marine Corps 9186: 9179: 9172: 9136:Debt ceiling 9121:Civil Rights 9103: 9096: 9082: 9068: 9054: 9025: 9020:Antisemitism 9018: 9011: 8967: 8928: 8864:2008–present 8816:Bush v. Gore 8814: 8752:War on drugs 8626:Mid Cold War 8478:Pearl Harbor 8473:World War II 8293:Ku Klux Klan 7919: 7890:Dummer's War 7829: 7822: 7816:Pre-Colonial 7536:20th century 7513:Korea (1866) 7302:19th century 7213: 7145:18th century 7018:17th century 6951:16th century 6745:Iraqi Revolt 6600:Matabeleland 6576:North Borneo 6570:Matabeleland 6522:Saskatchewan 6324:Upper Canada 6318:Lower Canada 6276:Persian Gulf 6192:Persian Gulf 6132:Newfoundland 6113:Polygar Wars 6083:Kandyan Wars 6035:Nootka Sound 5932: 5673: 5661: 5639:Peacekeeping 5629:Bibliography 5522:Fenian raids 5512:Pemmican War 5491: 5477:Dummer's War 5431:Peacekeeping 5399:Conscription 5304:Sint Maarten 5284:Saint Martin 5027:at Gutenberg 5022: 4978: 4963: 4941: 4929: 4903: 4878: 4874: 4854: 4839: 4832: 4828: 4809: 4785: 4765: 4743: 4722: 4701: 4690: 4669: 4648: 4625:Online books 4615: 4605:Bibliography 4593: 4584: 4575: 4566: 4561:Cave, p. xii 4545: 4537: 4521: 4512: 4503: 4494: 4485: 4476: 4449: 4443: 4423: 4416: 4407: 4398: 4386:. Retrieved 4382: 4373: 4364: 4355: 4346:Online from 4340: 4335: 4311: 4304: 4295: 4286: 4277: 4258: 4252: 4243: 4238: 4228: 4223: 4214: 4209: 4199: 4194: 4185: 4180: 4171: 4162: 4150:. Retrieved 4143: 4110: 4101: 4092: 4083: 4074: 4065: 4046: 4040: 4031: 4022: 4013: 4004: 3995: 3986: 3978: 3973: 3964: 3955: 3946: 3937: 3928: 3919: 3910: 3901: 3892: 3883: 3873: 3868: 3859: 3851: 3790: 3786: 3776: 3764:. Retrieved 3736: 3732: 3722: 3713: 3697: 3693: 3680: 3671: 3662: 3643: 3637: 3626: 3601: 3593: 3574: 3564: 3555: 3533: 3528: 3519: 3513: 3486: 3480: 3468: 3455:. Retrieved 3449: 3429: 3424: 3412:. Retrieved 3408: 3399: 3390: 3373: 3364: 3355: 3225: 3217: 3189: 3150: 3119: 3095: 3091: 3076:Consequences 3042: 3030:oral account 3007: 2991: 2972: 2932: 2892: 2872:Fort Niagara 2865: 2838:Quiberon Bay 2822: 2803: 2772: 2751: 2735: 2718: 2694: 2663: 2650: 2626: 2601:Lord Loudoun 2598: 2558: 2533:rivers, and 2523:Bay of Fundy 2515:Bloody Creek 2475: 2439:Hudson River 2428: 2416:Mohawk River 2414:between the 2412:Oneida Carry 2404: 2380: 2357: 2313:Fort Niagara 2302: 2285: 2275: 2274:French ship 2267: 2243:Edward Hawke 2224: 2205: 2165: 2162: 2137: 2127:Williamsburg 2124: 2113: 2086: 2043: 2035:Warraghiggey 2034: 2028: 2019:Tanaghrisson 1991: 1965: 1956: 1945:Please help 1940:verification 1937: 1909:Ottawa tribe 1890: 1873:Tanacharison 1857: 1853:Newfoundland 1834: 1819:Negotiations 1805: 1793:Pickawillany 1781: 1757:Lake Ontario 1750: 1710: 1701: 1694: 1675: 1643: 1627:Mississaugas 1596: 1572:Ohio Country 1549: 1544:Ohio Country 1513: 1477: 1413: 1405: 1388: 1384: 1375: 1357: 1354:Nomenclature 1330:west of the 1325: 1299:William Pitt 1288: 1240: 1208:Newfoundland 1153: 1144: 1141: 1115: 1113: 1096:Spanish Main 1075: 953:Bloody Creek 928:Bay of Fundy 897: 810:Penn's Creek 774: 673:Fort Niagara 583: 513: 509: 479: 465: 447: 422: 392: 371:Tanacharison 361:George Monro 328: 315: 290:Fort Detroit 241: 209: 191:Ohio Country 153: 148:Belligerents 49:Part of the 36: 10008:Wake Island 9774:Mississippi 9689:Connecticut 9633:New England 9300:Agriculture 9219:Coast Guard 9214:Space Force 9062:Immigration 8790:WTC bombing 8708:Reaganomics 8636:Vietnam War 8552:McCarthyism 8434:Second Klan 8419:Prohibition 8397:World War I 8372:Square Deal 8362:Imperialism 8097:War of 1812 7824:Prehistoric 7446:Java (1811) 7336:Salé (1851) 6865:Suez Crisis 6763:Transjordan 6667:West Africa 6644:(1899–1902) 6638:(1898–1901) 6630:Six-Day War 6578:(1894–1905) 6566:(1891–1895) 6546:Mashonaland 6510:Mahdist War 6450:Shimonoseki 6380:(1847–1901) 6290:(1824–1901) 6258:Cape Colony 6156:Cape Colony 6115:(1799–1805) 6109:(1799–1803) 6097:(1798–1800) 6085:(1796–1818) 6059:Cape Colony 6049:(1793–1806) 6031:(1788–1934) 5927:Nova Scotia 5897:Yamasee War 5868:(1694–1700) 5842:Child's War 5830:2nd Tangier 5824:1st Tangier 5820:(1655–1739) 5770:Saint Kitts 5748:(1593–1603) 5507:War of 1812 5447:Beaver Wars 5421:Nova Scotia 5274:Puerto Rico 5184:Saint Lucia 5134:El Salvador 4689:miniseries 4597:Cave, p. 82 4549:Cave, p. 52 4388:January 21, 4368:Cave, p. 21 3463:: 1756–1763 3123:issued the 2880:James Wolfe 2779:John Forbes 2527:Petitcodiac 2511:Petitcodiac 2435:Fort Edward 2372:Thomas Gage 2346:, when the 2344:Monongahela 2309:Fort Oswego 1849:Grand Banks 1678:West Indies 1646:Six Nations 1497:New Orleans 1489:Nova Scotia 1468:Mississippi 1464:fur traders 1271:Nova Scotia 1218:called the 1086:West Africa 1081:West Indies 993:Restigouche 933:Petitcodiac 805:Monongahela 693:St. Francis 614:Fort Oswego 604:Lake George 356:John Forbes 323:James Wolfe 118:Territorial 10207:New France 10101:Categories 9889:Washington 9809:New Mexico 9804:New Jersey 9679:California 9174:Journalism 9126:Corruption 9105:Government 9056:Demography 9043:Newspapers 8892:Sandy Hook 8795:Waco siege 8703:Reagan era 8609:Space Race 8542:Korean War 8483:home front 8315:Gilded Age 8283:Amendments 6769:Pink's War 6661:Somaliland 6498:Basutoland 6252:Guadeloupe 6234:Xhosa Wars 6216:Seychelles 6198:Guadeloupe 6186:Martinique 6053:Rohilkhand 6017:Gold Coast 5987:Rohilkhand 5945:Bengal War 5782:Pequot War 5634:Operations 5562:Korean War 5409:New France 5269:Montserrat 5264:Martinique 5259:Guadeloupe 5114:Costa Rica 4326:0375406425 4268:0802005535 3761:9973993536 3617:0816046581 3457:October 7, 3153:Quebec Act 3145:Quebec Act 3086:New France 3054:Martinique 3050:Guadeloupe 3038:Waganagisi 3026:Potawatomi 2999:Fort Miami 2848:See also: 2783:Louisbourg 2763:Louisbourg 2713:See also: 2545:See also: 2420:Wood Creek 2398:, and the 2172:New France 1959:April 2017 1881:Pittsburgh 1801:Old Briton 1777:Pittsburgh 1639:Potawatomi 1635:Winnebagos 1605:-speaking 1590:-speaking 1576:Algonquian 1527:where the 1446:Background 1428:New France 1228:Pittsburgh 1178:, and the 998:St. John's 983:Cape Sable 830:Kittanning 815:The Trough 703:2nd Quebec 698:Sainte-Foy 688:1st Quebec 236:New France 125:New France 87:1763-10-07 83:1754-05-28 9899:Wisconsin 9864:Tennessee 9769:Minnesota 9744:Louisiana 9638:The South 9209:Air Force 9084:Education 8946:recession 8902:Las Vegas 8810:Columbine 8767:1991–2008 8695:1980–1991 8596:1964–1980 8507:1945–1964 8461:Dust Bowl 8389:1917–1945 8270:1865–1917 8248:Civil War 8241:Secession 8186:1849–1865 8109:1815–1849 8080:Quasi-War 8057:1789–1815 7977:1776–1789 7930:Sugar Act 6901:Falklands 6897:(1963–67) 6891:(1962–66) 6885:(1962–90) 6873:(1962–76) 6861:(1955–59) 6855:(1954–59) 6849:(1952–60) 6843:(1948–60) 6837:(1946–50) 6829:Indonesia 6825:(1945–46) 6823:Indochina 6819:(1944–48) 6807:(1936–39) 6801:(1936–39) 6789:(1931–32) 6783:(1930–31) 6777:(1927–30) 6759:(1922–24) 6757:Kurdistan 6741:(1919–20) 6717:(1916–17) 6697:Nyasaland 6693:(1914–15) 6687:(1914–15) 6675:(1903–04) 6669:(1901–02) 6663:(1900–20) 6626:(1897–98) 6620:(1897–98) 6602:(1896–97) 6572:(1893–94) 6536:(1886–89) 6512:(1881–99) 6506:(1880–81) 6500:(1880–81) 6494:(1879–80) 6482:(1875–76) 6468:Abyssinia 6464:(1866–71) 6458:(1864–65) 6446:(1863–64) 6438:Kagoshima 6434:(1857–58) 6428:(1857–59) 6422:(1856–60) 6416:(1856–57) 6410:(1854–56) 6408:Åland War 6392:(1848–49) 6368:(1845–50) 6362:(1845–46) 6356:(1845–72) 6350:(1839–42) 6344:(1839–42) 6338:(1839–41) 6326:(1837–38) 6320:(1837–38) 6314:(1831–33) 6308:(1831–32) 6302:(1828–32) 6296:(1824–26) 6272:(1817–18) 6248:(1814–16) 6242:(1812–15) 6236:(1811–79) 6230:(1810–11) 6210:Mauritius 6182:(1808–09) 6164:(1806–07) 6140:(1803–05) 6103:(1798–99) 6073:(1795–96) 6067:(1795–96) 6043:(1789–92) 6019:(1781–82) 6013:(1779–84) 6007:(1775–82) 6001:(1775–83) 5989:(1773–74) 5983:(1769–73) 5977:(1765–71) 5971:(1763–66) 5965:(1762–63) 5953:(1758–61) 5947:(1756–65) 5941:(1756–63) 5935:(1754–63) 5929:(1749–55) 5923:(1746–63) 5917:(1744–48) 5911:(1740–42) 5905:(1722–25) 5899:(1715–17) 5893:(1711–15) 5887:(1702–13) 5862:(1688–97) 5856:(1688–91) 5844:(1686–90) 5838:(1675–78) 5814:(1654–60) 5808:(1654–67) 5802:(1649–53) 5796:(1641–53) 5784:(1634–38) 5754:(1609–46) 5440:Conflicts 5370:Air Force 5254:Greenland 5169:Nicaragua 5144:Guatemala 4152:August 3, 3766:March 29, 3745:0029-2494 3700:: 84–99. 3347:Footnotes 3215:in 1789. 3159:into the 2844:1759–1760 2746:besieging 2525:, on the 2507:Lunenburg 2503:Dartmouth 2408:Fort Bull 2167:Canadiens 2144:stockaded 2087:Governor 2075:In 1754, 1811:governor 1763:. At the 1761:Lake Erie 1588:Iroquoian 1180:Algonquin 1066:Pomerania 923:Chignecto 609:Fort Bull 266:Algonquin 206:(briefly) 133:Louisiana 10070:Category 9884:Virginia 9834:Oklahoma 9814:New York 9789:Nebraska 9779:Missouri 9764:Michigan 9754:Maryland 9739:Kentucky 9719:Illinois 9694:Delaware 9684:Colorado 9674:Arkansas 9553:Lesbians 9527:Comanche 9522:Cherokee 9315:Medicine 9273:Genocide 9266:Religion 9188:Military 9161:Taxation 9111:Abortion 9027:Cultural 8907:Parkland 8837:Iraq War 8775:Gulf War 8547:Ivy Mike 8466:New Deal 7842:Colonial 7787:Timeline 7394:Americas 7177:Americas 7070:Americas 6889:Malaysia 6811:Ethiopia 6709:Peshawar 6474:Manitoba 6456:Duar War 5752:Virginia 5668:Category 5591:See also 5567:Gulf War 5557:Cold War 5537:Boer War 5219:Anguilla 5154:Honduras 5124:Dominica 5099:Barbados 4932:(2015). 4922:41468552 4852:(1988). 4831:(1948); 4807:(2005). 4783:(2004). 4530:Archived 3844:Archived 3799:30151286 3753:23514555 3702:Archived 3536:, p. 185 3532:Eccles, 3518:Peyser. 3242:See also 3205:Voltaire 3201:Choiseul 3197:Antilles 3109:and the 3062:Voltaire 3003:Kekionga 2730:smallpox 2702:smallpox 2531:St. John 2390:for the 2364:attacked 2258:matériel 2254:captured 2220:Delaware 1831:in 1748. 1784:Logstown 1670:Cherokee 1615:Cherokee 1603:Muskogee 1599:Catawbas 1580:Delaware 1556:Abenakis 1554:and the 1387:and the 1293:and the 1263:Canadien 1257:and the 1170:members 1164:Cherokee 1156:Iroquois 1071:Portugal 918:Cape Ray 720:Montreal 683:Beauport 500:Strength 486:Killbuck 98:Location 85: – 53:and the 9904:Wyoming 9879:Vermont 9784:Montana 9724:Indiana 9704:Georgia 9699:Florida 9669:Arizona 9659:Alabama 9626:Regions 9548:Gay men 9320:Railway 9280:Slavery 9076:Banking 9070:Economy 8912:El Paso 8897:Orlando 8631:Détente 7792:Outline 7723:Pacific 6883:Sarawak 6835:Sarawak 6727:Nigeria 6715:Mohmand 6703:Nigeria 6654:century 6312:Malacca 6306:Jamaica 6264:Algiers 6204:Reunion 6150:Surinam 6125:century 6071:Grenada 6065:Jamaica 5957:Jamaica 5878:century 5818:Jamaica 5746:Ireland 5739:century 5726:English 5426:Mi'kmaq 5249:Curaçao 5234:Bonaire 5229:Bermuda 5159:Jamaica 5139:Grenada 5094:Bahamas 4934:excerpt 4895:2701135 4844:excerpt 4842:(1949) 4317:267–285 4233:, p.457 4218:, p.370 4204:, p.331 4189:, p.318 3981:, p. 5. 3977:Ellis, 3414:July 7, 3385:, p 122 3221:Yamasee 2490:Acadian 2262:Acadian 2260:to the 2216:Shawnee 2151:became 2079:of the 1631:Ojibwas 1611:Choctaw 1584:Shawnee 1552:Mi'kmaq 1304:Prussia 1200:Wyandot 1196:Shawnee 1176:Mi'kmaq 1172:Abenaki 1160:Catawba 1122:of the 1120:theater 1061:Silesia 541:Unknown 494:Pontiac 490:Shingas 480:† 466:† 448:† 432: ( 423:† 407: ( 393:† 329:† 316:† 286:Wyandot 282:Shawnee 256:Abenaki 195:Catawba 187:Wyandot 120:changes 81: ( 10080:Portal 10034:Cities 10017:Cities 9839:Oregon 9794:Nevada 9734:Kansas 9709:Hawaii 9664:Alaska 9652:States 9578:Places 9340:Groups 9310:Lumber 9248:Fourth 9238:Second 9048:Sports 9033:Cinema 9002:Topics 8917:Uvalde 8887:Aurora 8882:Tucson 7806:Events 7543:Africa 7309:Africa 7152:Africa 7025:Africa 6903:(1982) 6879:(1962) 6877:Brunei 6867:(1956) 6831:(1945) 6813:(1943) 6795:(1935) 6771:(1925) 6765:(1923) 6753:(1921) 6747:(1920) 6735:(1919) 6729:(1918) 6723:(1917) 6721:Quebec 6711:(1915) 6705:(1915) 6699:(1915) 6681:(1906) 6632:(1899) 6614:(1897) 6608:(1897) 6596:(1896) 6590:(1896) 6584:(1895) 6560:(1891) 6554:(1891) 6548:(1890) 6542:(1888) 6540:Hazara 6530:(1885) 6524:(1885) 6518:(1882) 6488:(1879) 6476:(1870) 6470:(1868) 6452:(1864) 6440:(1863) 6404:(1854) 6398:(1852) 6386:(1848) 6384:Ceylon 6374:(1847) 6372:Canton 6332:(1839) 6284:(1823) 6282:Guiana 6278:(1819) 6266:(1816) 6260:(1815) 6254:(1815) 6224:(1810) 6218:(1810) 6212:(1810) 6206:(1810) 6200:(1810) 6194:(1809) 6188:(1809) 6176:(1807) 6170:(1807) 6158:(1806) 6152:(1804) 6146:(1804) 6134:(1800) 6091:(1798) 6079:(1795) 6077:Ceylon 6061:(1795) 6055:(1794) 6037:(1789) 6025:(1786) 5995:(1774) 5959:(1762) 5850:(1687) 5832:(1664) 5826:(1662) 5806:Acadia 5790:(1641) 5778:(1628) 5776:Quebec 5772:(1626) 5766:(1622) 5760:(1612) 5758:Swally 5414:Acadia 5174:Panama 5164:Mexico 5109:Canada 5104:Belize 4970: 4949: 4920: 4910: 4893: 4862: 4817: 4793: 4772: 4751: 4730: 4709: 4677: 4656: 4613:about 4464: 4431: 4323: 4265: 4148:. 1755 4053: 3797: 3759: 3751: 3743: 3650: 3614: 3581: 3501: 3381: 3018:Ojibwe 2794:Canada 2724:, the 2666:Quebec 2394:, the 2386:, the 2276:Alcide 2054:Mohawk 1637:, and 1623:Hurons 1607:Creeks 1592:Mingos 1340:Havana 1275:Acadia 1198:, and 1192:Ottawa 1188:Ojibwa 1184:Lenape 1162:, and 1132:French 476: 462: 444: 419: 389: 325: 312: 278:Ottawa 274:Ojibwa 270:Lenape 233: 220:France 217: 161: 110:Result 9869:Texas 9749:Maine 9714:Idaho 9542:LGBTQ 9535:Women 9305:Labor 9258:Sixth 9253:Fifth 9243:Third 9233:First 9038:Music 8780:NAFTA 6781:Tirah 6691:Tochi 6480:Perak 6246:Nepal 6168:Egypt 6095:Malta 6023:Assam 5866:Ghana 5764:Ormuz 5622:Lists 5224:Aruba 5149:Haiti 4891:JSTOR 4247:p.481 3795:JSTOR 3749:JSTOR 3705:(PDF) 3690:(PDF) 3115:Cajun 3022:Odawa 2977:with 2961:Peace 2834:Lagos 2654:feint 2517:near 2023:Mingo 1797:Miami 1789:Miami 1767:near 1273:from 1091:India 599:Frogs 204:Mingo 137:Spain 9937:Guam 9874:Utah 9829:Ohio 9729:Iowa 9204:Navy 9194:Army 9098:Flag 7633:Asia 7247:Asia 7125:Asia 6895:Aden 6871:Oman 6853:Oman 6652:20th 6228:Java 6123:19th 5876:18th 5848:Siam 5737:17th 5394:Navy 5375:Army 5294:Saba 5119:Cuba 4968:ISBN 4947:ISBN 4918:OCLC 4908:ISBN 4860:ISBN 4815:ISBN 4791:ISBN 4770:ISBN 4749:ISBN 4728:ISBN 4707:ISBN 4675:ISBN 4654:ISBN 4462:ISBN 4429:ISBN 4390:2015 4321:ISBN 4263:ISBN 4154:2013 4051:ISBN 3768:2024 3757:OCLC 3741:ISSN 3648:ISBN 3612:ISBN 3579:ISBN 3499:ISBN 3459:2019 3416:2021 3379:ISBN 3151:The 3052:and 3024:and 2870:and 2836:and 2773:The 2769:1758 2761:and 2529:and 2505:and 2418:and 2200:fort 1851:off 1835:The 1668:The 1609:and 1582:and 1470:and 1454:The 1434:and 1214:and 1174:and 1114:The 512:and 76:Date 7990:War 6240:USA 4883:doi 4687:PBS 3608:204 3491:doi 2832:at 2422:at 2323:at 2099:to 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French and Indian War

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