92:
606:
35:
152:, Father André Roland, and Fernand Demany, another communist. The aim of the organisation was to unite Belgian resistance groups of all opinions and political leanings; nonetheless the only political party that was affiliated as such was the Communist Party. The FI operated a significant propaganda, social and paramilitary organization, in addition to its military and sabotage functions and operated in competition with the larger far-right
204:
on a spying mission in
Germany to search for reliable information about what happened to the Jews deported to Germany. He came back in May with the first reliable report on their fate, as well as with detailed information on the functioning of the
196:
The FI was highly active in preventing large numbers of
Belgian men being forced to leave the country to work as forced labour in Germany. These 40,000 of these so-called "Réfractaires" were hidden by the FI's "Organisation Socrates".
177:
service, and distributed 250 different underground publications. This essential part of the war, in the area of information, found a culmination of sorts in the publication by the
553:
248:(Solidarity, founded in 1942 as the social service of the F.I. to help victims of the Nazi repression and their families, those who refused to go in Germany under the
225:
to which other resistance groups could affiliate. By the end of the war, it had formed alliances with representatives of a large number of institutions, including:
289:, Middle school teachers of the public network in Flanders), whose leader Aloïs Gerlo (1915–1998) was an activist of the Communist Party between 1940 and 1956
491:
635:
695:
585:
137:
687:
558:
614:
730:
590:
725:
484:
394:
443:
649:
416:
735:
477:
623:
353:
573:
299:
568:
274:
378:
249:
740:
206:
153:
69:
201:
417:"1940–45 La section belge du SRI se fond dans 'Solidarité', la 'Croix-Rouge du Front de l'Indépendance'"
548:
149:
538:
504:
518:
397:(in French). Centre d'études et de documentation guerre et sociétés contemporaines. June 2008
253:
469:
528:
238:
8:
642:
500:
133:
533:
230:
374:
349:
595:
451:
145:
109:
48:
346:
The sorrows of
Belgium : liberation and political reconstruction, 1944-1947
282:
266:
174:
121:
420:
719:
707:
Formerly: the
Belgian Legion, Reconstructed Belgian Army, and Army of Belgium
563:
222:
141:
96:
91:
605:
671:
304:
666:
629:
580:
312:
183:
79:
75:
193:
newspaper circulated under the noses of the occupation authorities.
34:
543:
308:
170:
320:
316:
189:
499:
395:"Le CEGES acquiert les archives du Front de l'indépendance"
252:, foreign illegals etc.; the Belgian section of the
16:
Belgian resistance organisation during World War II
717:
256:continued within this clandestine organization),
441:
373:(1. publ. ed.). Oxford: Berg. p. 51.
348:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 20.
200:In February 1943, the FI sent the sociologist
485:
419:(in French). Le Secours Rouge. Archived from
492:
478:
339:
337:
334:
718:
442:Van Minnebrugen, Hugo (3 March 2004).
343:
287:Leraren Officieel Middelbaar Onderwijs
473:
368:
262:(Committee for the Trade Union Fight)
144:. It was founded in March 1941 by Dr
362:
212:
278:(CDJ, Committee for Jewish Defence)
13:
344:Conway, Martin (12 January 2012).
14:
752:
731:World War II resistance movements
569:Committee for the Defense of Jews
132:) was a left-wing faction of the
604:
173:operations, escape routes and a
90:
33:
726:1941 establishments in Belgium
435:
409:
387:
300:Österreichische Freiheitsfront
250:Service du travail obligatoire
1:
327:
303:(Austrian Freedom Front), an
164:
444:"Het OF/FI organiseert zich"
371:Resistance in Western Europe
207:Auschwitz concentration camp
7:
295:, the underground newspaper
275:Comité de Défense des Juifs
64:March 1941 – September 1944
10:
757:
549:National Royalist Movement
450:(in Dutch). Archived from
260:Comités de lutte syndicale
159:
150:Communist Party of Belgium
736:Belgian resistance groups
704:
680:
659:
613:
602:
539:Belgian National Movement
511:
501:Belgian resistance groups
221:was intended to act as a
187:, a spoof version of the
85:
68:
58:
44:
32:
23:
369:Moore, Bob, ed. (2000).
307:organisation created in
242:(MP, Patriotic Militia),
219:Front de l'Indépendance
138:German-occupied Belgium
126:Onafhankelijkheidsfront
114:Front de l'Indépendance
97:German Occupying Forces
27:Front de l'Indépendance
574:Austrian Freedom Front
286:
234:(PA, Armed Partisans),
181:on 9 November 1943 of
125:
113:
681:Intelligence networks
741:Communism in Belgium
239:Milices Patriotiques
217:From the start, the
169:The FI established
643:La Voix des Belges
554:Army of Liberation
524:Independence Front
134:Belgian Resistance
60:Dates of operation
39:Insignia of the FI
713:
712:
708:
624:La Libre Belgique
615:Underground press
596:Legion of Campine
529:Patriotic Militia
512:Resistance groups
423:on 4 October 2009
213:Affiliated groups
106:Independent Front
102:
101:
24:Independent Front
748:
706:
692:
608:
494:
487:
480:
471:
470:
464:
463:
461:
459:
454:on 7 August 2008
439:
433:
432:
430:
428:
413:
407:
406:
404:
402:
391:
385:
384:
366:
360:
359:
341:
270:(Free Wallonia),
95:
94:
61:
37:
21:
20:
756:
755:
751:
750:
749:
747:
746:
745:
716:
715:
714:
709:
700:
690:
676:
655:
650:Het Vrije Woord
636:De Vrijschutter
609:
600:
534:Armed Partisans
507:
498:
468:
467:
457:
455:
440:
436:
426:
424:
415:
414:
410:
400:
398:
393:
392:
388:
381:
367:
363:
356:
342:
335:
330:
231:Partisans Armés
215:
167:
162:
146:Albert Marteaux
89:
59:
53:
51:
49:Albert Marteaux
40:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
754:
744:
743:
738:
733:
728:
711:
710:
705:
702:
701:
699:
698:
693:
691:(later "Marc")
684:
682:
678:
677:
675:
674:
669:
663:
661:
657:
656:
654:
653:
646:
639:
632:
627:
619:
617:
611:
610:
603:
601:
599:
598:
593:
588:
583:
577:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
515:
513:
509:
508:
497:
496:
489:
482:
474:
466:
465:
434:
408:
386:
379:
361:
354:
332:
331:
329:
326:
325:
324:
296:
290:
279:
271:
267:Wallonie Libre
263:
257:
243:
235:
214:
211:
175:false document
166:
163:
161:
158:
100:
99:
87:
83:
82:
72:
66:
65:
62:
56:
55:
54:Fernand Demany
46:
42:
41:
38:
30:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
753:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
723:
721:
703:
697:
694:
689:
686:
685:
683:
679:
673:
670:
668:
665:
664:
662:
658:
652:
651:
647:
645:
644:
640:
638:
637:
633:
631:
628:
626:
625:
621:
620:
618:
616:
612:
607:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
586:The Unchained
584:
582:
579:
578:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
564:White Brigade
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
516:
514:
510:
506:
502:
495:
490:
488:
483:
481:
476:
475:
472:
453:
449:
445:
438:
422:
418:
412:
396:
390:
382:
376:
372:
365:
357:
355:9780199694341
351:
347:
340:
338:
333:
322:
318:
315:emigrės from
314:
310:
306:
302:
301:
297:
294:
291:
288:
284:
280:
277:
276:
272:
269:
268:
264:
261:
258:
255:
254:Secours Rouge
251:
247:
244:
241:
240:
236:
233:
232:
228:
227:
226:
224:
220:
210:
208:
203:
202:Victor Martin
198:
194:
192:
191:
186:
185:
180:
176:
172:
157:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
98:
93:
88:
84:
81:
77:
73:
71:
67:
63:
57:
50:
47:
43:
36:
31:
28:
22:
19:
667:"Comet" Line
660:Escape lines
648:
641:
634:
622:
591:Disobedience
523:
505:World War II
456:. Retrieved
452:the original
447:
437:
425:. Retrieved
421:the original
411:
399:. Retrieved
389:
370:
364:
345:
298:
292:
273:
265:
259:
245:
237:
229:
223:united front
218:
216:
199:
195:
188:
182:
178:
168:
142:World War II
129:
117:
105:
103:
52:André Roland
26:
18:
672:Dutch-Paris
519:Secret Army
305:antifascist
154:Secret Army
720:Categories
458:25 October
448:verzet.org
427:30 October
401:30 October
380:1859732798
328:References
246:Solidarité
165:Activities
630:Faux Soir
581:Service D
313:communist
184:Faux Soir
86:Opponents
80:Communist
76:Socialist
544:Groupe G
309:Brussels
171:sabotage
74:Broadly
70:Ideology
321:Germany
317:Austria
190:Le Soir
160:History
148:of the
45:Leaders
696:"Zéro"
377:
352:
281:LOMO (
110:French
688:"Luc"
293:Front
283:Dutch
179:Front
122:Dutch
559:OMBR
460:2009
429:2009
403:2009
375:ISBN
350:ISBN
319:and
104:The
503:in
311:by
140:in
136:in
116:or
722::
446:.
336:^
285::
209:.
156:.
130:OF
128:,
124::
120:;
118:FI
112::
493:e
486:t
479:v
462:.
431:.
405:.
383:.
358:.
323:.
108:(
78:-
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
