2263:
1513:
1586:
1551:
1475:
1676:
744:
1654:
807:
1157:
689:
1100:
630:
466:
1620:
1209:
925:
576:
866:
1698:
1784:: Unlike GD&T presentation, the GD&T representation does not deal with how the information is presented to the user but only deals with which element of a shape of a product has which GD&T characteristic. A system supporting GD&T representation may display GD&T information in some tree and other dialogs and allow the user to directly select and highlight the corresponding feature on the shape of the product, 2D and 3D.
1441:
1041:
987:
522:
31:
85:. The Y14.5 standard provides a fairly complete set of rules for GD&T in one document. The ISO standards, in comparison, typically only address a single topic at a time. There are separate standards that provide the details for each of the major symbols and topics below (e.g. position, flatness, profile, etc.).
309:
All dimensions must have a tolerance. Plus and minus tolerances may be applied directly to dimensions or applied from a general tolerance block or general note. For basic dimensions, geometric tolerances are indirectly applied in a related feature control frame. The only exceptions are for dimensions
301:
The purpose of GD&T is to describe the engineering intent of parts and assemblies. GD&T can more accurately define the dimensional requirements for a part, allowing over 50% more tolerance zone than coordinate (or linear) dimensioning in some cases. Proper application of GD&T will ensure
151:
The units of measure in a drawing that follows GD&T can be selected by the creator of the drawing. Most often drawings are standardized to either SI linear units, millimeters (denoted "mm"), or US customary linear units, decimal inches (denoted "IN"). Dimensions can contain only a number without
192:
Tolerances for the profile symbols are equal bilateral unless otherwise specified, and for the position symbol tolerances are always equal bilateral. For example, the position of a hole has a tolerance of .020 inches. This means the hole can move ±.010 inches, which is an equal bilateral tolerance.
65:
and the permissible variation thereof. GD&T is used to define the nominal (theoretically perfect) geometry of parts and assemblies, the allowable variation in size, form, orientation, and location of individual features, and how features may vary in relation to one another such that a component
163:
Every feature on every manufactured part is subject to variation, therefore, the limits of allowable variation must be specified. Tolerances can be expressed directly on a dimension by limits, plus/minus tolerances, or geometric tolerances, or indirectly in tolerance blocks, notes, or tables.
1791:
An enhancement of GD&T representation is defining a formal language for GD&T (similar to a programming language) which also has built-in rules and restrictions for the proper GD&T usage. This is still a research area (see below reference to McCaleb and ISO
1787:
Ideally both GD&T presentation and representation are available in the exchange file and are associated with each other. Then a receiving system can allow a user to select a GD&T callout and get the corresponding feature highlighted on the shape of the
287:
66:
is considered satisfactory for its intended use. Dimensional specifications define the nominal, as-modeled or as-intended geometry, while tolerance specifications define the allowable physical variation of individual features of a part or assembly.
193:
It does not mean the hole can move +.015/−.005 inches, which is an unequal bilateral tolerance. Unequal bilateral and unilateral tolerances for profile are specified by adding further information to clearly show this is what is required.
292:
These are then referred to by one or more 'datum references' which indicate measurements that should be made with respect to the corresponding datum feature. The datum reference frame can describe how the part fits or functions.
134:
is defined in ASME Y14.5 as "a numerical value(s) or mathematical expression in appropriate units of measure used to define the form, size, orientation, or location, of a part or feature." Special types of dimensions include
302:
that the part defined on the drawing has the desired form, fit (within limits) and function with the largest possible tolerances. GD&T can add quality and reduce cost at the same time through producibility.
1393:
The symmetry symbol's characteristics were not included in the version of the chart that this chart is derived from. The symmetry symbol was dropped from the Y14.5M standard around 1982 and re-added around
1759:
In the early days of CAD, exchange-only lines, texts and symbols were written into the exchange file. A receiving system could display them on the screen or print them out, but only a human could interpret
341:
Basic 90° angles are assumed where center lines of features in a pattern or surfaces shown at right angles on a 2D orthographic drawing are located or defined by basic dimensions and no angle is specified.
97:
The origin of GD&T is credited to
Stanley Parker, who developed the concept of "true position". While little is known about Parker's life, it is known that he worked at the Royal Torpedo Factory in
335:
When geometry is normally controlled by gage sizes or by code (e.g. stock materials), the dimension(s) shall be included with the gage or code number in parentheses following the dimension.
1739:
Technologist GDTP, which provides an assessment of an individual's ability to understand drawings that have been prepared using the language of
Geometric Dimensioning & Tolerancing.
229:
344:
A basic dimension of zero is assumed where axes, center planes, or surfaces are shown coincident on a drawing, and the relationship between features is defined by geometric tolerances.
313:
Dimensions and tolerancing shall fully define each feature. Measurement directly from the drawing or assuming dimensions is not allowed except for special undimensioned drawings.
2340:
319:
Dimensions should be applied to features and arranged to represent the function and mating relationship of the part. There should only be one way to interpret dimensions.
1724:
Added in the 2009 version of the standard, and refers to unequal profile distribution. Number after this symbol indicates tolerance in the "plus material" direction.
1809:
GD&T representation information can also be used for the software assisted manufacturing planning and cost calculation of parts. See ISO 10303-224 and 238 below.
356:
Dimensions and tolerances only apply at the level of the drawing where specified. It is not mandatory that they apply at other levels (such as an assembly drawing).
1778:. And there is also the information which of the curves in the file are leader, projection or dimension curves and which are used to form the shape of a product.
1742:
Senior GDTP, which provides the additional measure of an individual's ability to select proper geometric controls as well as to properly apply them to drawings.
171:
which are rectangular boxes on a drawing that indicate the type of geometric control, tolerance value, modifier(s) and/or datum(s) relevant to the feature
2402:
2236:
82:
316:
A drawing should have the minimum number of dimensions required to fully define the end product. The use of reference dimensions should be minimized.
2332:
78:
2497:
Srinivasan, Vijay (2008). "Standardizing the specification, verification, and exchange of product geometry: Research, status and trends".
2632:
325:
If dimensions are required during manufacturing but not the final geometry (due to shrinkage or other causes) they should be marked as
69:
There are several standards available worldwide that describe the symbols and define the rules used in GD&T. One such standard is
1827:
1798:: Based on GD&T representation data (but not on GD&T presentation) and the shape of a product in some useful format (e.g. a
1666:
Identifies "a group of features of size where there is a requirement that they be treated geometrically as a single feature of size"
359:
Coordinate systems shown on drawings should be right-handed. Each axis should be labeled and the positive direction should be shown.
70:
1922:
Geometrical tolerancing – Maximum material requirement (MMR), least material requirement (LMR) and reciprocity requirement (RPR)
2403:"GD&T, Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing, GD&T, Flatness, Circularity, Flatness Tolerance, Circularity Tolerance"
2574:
2546:
2383:
1802:), it is possible to validate the completeness and consistency of the GD&T information. The software tool FBTol from the
347:
Dimensions and tolerances are valid at 20 °C (68 °F) and 101.3 kPa (14.69 psi) unless stated otherwise.
152:
units if all dimensions are the same units and there is a note on the drawing that clearly specifies what the units are.
2527:
2487:
1610:"Indicates a geometric tolerance applies at any increment of size of the actual mating envelope of the feature of size"
2608:
2306:
2284:
2148:
2277:
2590:
1406:
The following table shows only some of the more commonly used modifiers in GD&T. It is not an exhaustive list.
338:
Angles of 90° are assumed when lines (including center lines) are shown at right angles, but no angle is specified.
282:{\displaystyle {\displaystyle \Box }\!\!\!\!{\scriptstyle {\mathsf {A}}}\!-\!\!\!-\!\!\!\blacktriangleleft \!\!\!|}
99:
50:
2664:
2622:
332:
Dimensions should be arranged for maximum readability and should be applied to visible lines in true profiles.
2627:
2113:
ASME is also working on a
Spanish translation for the ASME Y14.5 – Dimensioning and Tolerancing Standard.
2595:
2654:
2638:
1410:
Symbols used in a "feature control frame" to specify a feature's description, tolerance, modifier and
2659:
81:(ISO) describe a different system which has some nuanced differences in its interpretation and rules
2271:
1572:
515:
1384:
In the 2018 revision, both concentricity and symmetry were eliminated and are no longer supported.
2216:
2188:
Application protocol: Mechanical product definition for process planning using machining features
1861:
1799:
1766:: On a next higher level the presentation information is enhanced by grouping them together into
17:
2288:
1873:
the distinction between fundamental, global, general and complementary GPS standards is made.
1691:
Appears in the 1994 version of the standard, assumes appropriate statistical process control.
2617:
2246:
2226:
1752:
353:
Unless explicitly stated, tolerances apply to the full length, width, and depth of a feature.
46:
2006:
Form of a surface independent of a datum or datum system. Each of them has a part 1 for the
1996:
Surface texture: Profile method – Rules and procedures for the assessment of surface texture
2170:
Application protocol: Configuration controlled 3D design of mechanical parts and assemblies
2600:
2558:
Geometric
Boundaries II, Practical Guide to Interpretation and Application ASME Y14.5-2009
2195:
Application protocol: Application interpreted model for computerized numerical controllers
1735:
The
American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) provides two levels of certification:
1669:
Identifies a group of features that should be "treated geometrically as a single feature"
8:
1984:
Surface texture: Profile method – Nominal characteristics of contact (stylus) instruments
918:
350:
Unless explicitly stated, dimensions and tolerances only apply in a free-state condition.
155:
Angular dimensions can be expressed in decimal degrees or degrees, minutes, and seconds.
113:, the earliest work on geometric dimensioning and tolerancing. In 1956, Parker published
54:
34:
Example of true position geometric control defined by basic dimensions and datum features
2126:
Industrial automation systems and integration – Product data representation and exchange
1310:
When a datum feature of size is referenced with the maximum material condition modifier.
2231:
2065:
Surface texture: Profile method – Metrological characteristics of phase correct filters
1613:
Not part of the 1994 version. See para. A5, bullet 3. Also para. D3. Also, Figure 3–8.
1034:
569:
2570:
2542:
2523:
2483:
2379:
1803:
89:
provides a self-contained document taking into account a lot of GPS&V standards.
322:
Part geometry should be defined without explicitly specifying manufacturing methods.
2506:
2464:
1990:
Surface texture: Profile method – Terms, definitions and surface texture parameters
1411:
1751:
Exchange of geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T) information between
1512:
77:. This article is based on that standard. Other standards, such as those from the
2612:
2480:
Geometrical
Dimensioning and Tolerancing for Design, Manufacturing and Inspection
2241:
2221:
1585:
682:
202:
2176:
Application protocol: Electronic assembly, interconnection, and packaging design
1550:
1474:
1902:
Geometrical tolerancing – Tolerances of form, orientation, location and run-out
58:
2510:
1857:(Note: ISO 16792:2006 was derived from ASME Y14.41-2003 by permission of ASME)
1688:
Indicates that features "shall be produced with statistical process controls".
1675:
2648:
1755:
systems is available on different levels of fidelity for different purposes:
800:
2605:
2426:
1653:
743:
623:
459:
305:
According to ASME Y14.5, the fundamental rules of GD&T are as follows,
175:
The type of tolerances used with symbols in feature control frames can be:
2591:
General tolerances for linear and angular dimensions according to ISO 2768
2539:
GeoTol Pro: A Practical Guide to
Geometric Tolerancing per ASME Y14.5-2009
2182:
Application protocol: Core data for automotive mechanical design processes
1843:
Technical drawings – Edges of undefined shape – Vocabulary and indications
806:
2469:
2457:
Journal of
Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology
2452:
2090:
1855:
Technical product documentation—Digital product definition data practices
1156:
1644:"A plane that contacts the high points of the specified feature surface"
688:
2116:
2098:
1099:
1093:
74:
1619:
629:
465:
2122:
1208:
924:
575:
131:
106:. His work increased production of naval weapons by new contractors.
1697:
865:
1864:
Dimensional and geometrical product specifications and verification
1440:
980:
103:
62:
30:
2108:
Mathematical
Definition of Dimensioning and Tolerancing Principles
1946:
Tolerancing of orientation and location – Projected tolerance zone
1040:
986:
521:
111:
Notes on Design and
Inspection of Mass Production Engineering Work
2192:
1712:
1634:
1600:
1565:
1527:
1489:
1455:
1421:
1223:
1171:
1147:
1114:
1055:
1001:
939:
880:
821:
758:
703:
642:
590:
536:
480:
391:
86:
2326:
2324:
2077:
Profile method; Surfaces having stratified functional properties
1978:
Indication of surface texture in technical product documentation
1837:
Symbols for geometrical tolerancing – Proportions and dimensions
2321:
1706:
1628:
1594:
1559:
1521:
1483:
1449:
1372:
Can also be used as a form control without a datum reference.
1217:
1165:
1108:
1049:
995:
933:
874:
859:
815:
752:
697:
584:
530:
474:
1831:
Technical drawings – Indication of dimensions and tolerances
1818:
143:(dimensions used to inform, not define a feature or part).
27:
System for defining and representing engineering tolerances
1908:
Representation of specifications in the form of a 3D model
2002:
Surface imperfections – Terms, definitions and parameters
2203:
Application protocol: Managed model based 3D engineering
211:
is a theoretically exact plane, line, point, or axis. A
2633:
NIST MBE PMI Validation and Conformance Testing Project
2132:
Integrated generic resource: Shape variation tolerances
1537:"The condition in which a feature of size contains the
1499:"The condition in which a feature of size contains the
2378:. NY: American Society of Mechanical Engineers. 2009.
245:
234:
232:
2541:. Dearborn, MI: Society of Manufacturing Engineers.
2117:
GD&T standards for data exchange and integration
1544:
Provides bonus tolerance only for a feature of size
1541:
amount of material within the stated limits of size"
1503:
amount of material within the stated limits of size"
1360:
When an maximal material condition modifier is used.
368:
1849:
Simplified representation and dimensioning of holes
2237:Geometrical Product Specification and Verification
2071:Surface texture: Profile method – Motif parameters
1940:Geometrical tolerancing – Datums and datum systems
434:
427:
281:
2635:Tests implementations of GD&T in CAD software
2330:
1647:Useful for interfaces where form is not required
273:
272:
271:
267:
266:
265:
261:
260:
259:
255:
243:
242:
241:
240:
117:, which became the basic reference in the field.
2646:
2331:MacMillan, David M.; Krandall, Rollande (2014).
2164:Application module: Extended geometric tolerance
1934:Geometrical tolerancing – Positional tolerancing
1465:"The condition of a part free of applied forces"
215:is a physical feature of a part identified by a
2333:"Bibliography for Dimensioning and Tolerancing"
1964:Features used in specification and verification
1468:Applies only when part is otherwise restrained
310:marked as minimum, maximum, stock or reference.
2536:
1952:Dimensioning and tolerancing – Non-rigid parts
196:
188:no particular distribution (a "floating" zone)
79:International Organization for Standardization
2376:Dimensioning and Tolerancing, ASME Y14.5-2009
45:) is a system for defining and communicating
1338:
1336:
61:that describes a physical object's nominal
2606:GD&T Glossary of Terms and Definitions
2517:
2496:
2453:"A Conceptual Data Model of Datum Systems"
1813:
1506:Useful to maintain minimum wall thickness
1334:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1316:
2468:
2307:Learn how and when to remove this message
2138:Application module: Derived shape element
2094:Digital Product Definition Data Practices
1916:Series of conical tapers and taper angles
1380:
1378:
1368:
1366:
374:Geometric characteristic reference chart
2270:This article includes a list of general
1579:Useful on threaded holes for long studs
71:American Society of Mechanical Engineers
29:
2555:
2477:
2450:
2152:Application module: Geometric tolerance
2144:Application module: Dimension tolerance
1806:is probably the first one in this area.
1313:
446:
441:
418:
120:
14:
2647:
2564:
2482:(2nd ed.). Oxford, UK: Elsevier.
2429:. Technical Training Consultants. 2020
1375:
1363:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1294:
296:
248:
167:Geometric tolerances are described by
39:Geometric dimensioning and tolerancing
2569:. US: Goodheart-Wilcox. p. 275.
2520:Dimensioning and Tolerancing Handbook
2158:Application module: Default tolerance
1356:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1262:
139:(theoretically exact dimensions) and
2628:Changes and Additions to ASME Y14.5M
2537:Neumann, Scott; Neumann, Al (2009).
2397:
2395:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2256:
2053:Extraction and filtration techniques
1928:Dimensioning and tolerancing – Cones
1401:
2567:Design Dimensioning and Tolerancing
1897:ISO/TS 17, orientation and location
1291:
146:
24:
2444:
2343:from the original on 27 March 2019
2276:it lacks sufficient corresponding
1696:
1674:
1652:
1618:
1584:
1549:
1511:
1473:
1439:
1345:
1259:
1207:
1155:
1098:
1039:
985:
923:
864:
805:
742:
687:
628:
574:
520:
464:
25:
2676:
2641:- Analyze GD&T in a STEP file
2584:
2392:
2355:
2084:
1972:Areal and profile surface texture
1770:for a particular purpose, e.g. a
1607:Regardless of feature size (RFS)
1534:Maximum material condition (MMC)
369:List of geometric characteristics
2261:
1746:
1730:
2419:
2247:Specification of surface finish
1821:Technical product documentation
1496:Least material condition (LMC)
1387:
675:Individual or related features
100:Alexandria, West Dunbartonshire
1882:Concepts, principles and rules
275:
13:
1:
2639:STEP File Analyzer and Viewer
2252:
158:
125:
2518:Drake, Jr., Paul J. (1999).
2451:McCaleb, Michael R. (1999).
2102:Dimensioning and Tolerancing
7:
2210:
401:Virtual condition affected
197:Datums and datum references
10:
2681:
2601:The importance of GD&T
2556:Bramble, Kelly L. (2009).
1877:Fundamental GPS standards
363:
200:
109:In 1940, Parker published
2565:Wilson, Bruce A. (2005).
2522:. New York: McGraw-Hill.
2511:10.1016/j.cad.2007.06.006
2008:Vocabulary and parameters
1146:
976:
796:
793:
677:
674:
455:
452:
409:
406:
403:
400:
397:
390:
387:
384:
381:
378:
92:
1573:Projected tolerance zone
2478:Henzold, Georg (2006).
2291:more precise citations.
2217:Dimensional instruments
2051:General GPS standards:
2012:Specification operators
1970:General GPS standards:
1814:Documents and standards
1800:boundary representation
1782:GD&T representation
169:feature control frames,
115:Drawings and Dimensions
57:and computer-generated
2045:Surface texture: Areal
1701:
1685:Statistical tolerance
1679:
1657:
1623:
1589:
1554:
1516:
1478:
1444:
1212:
1160:
1103:
1044:
990:
928:
869:
810:
747:
692:
633:
579:
525:
469:
283:
221:datum feature triangle
47:engineering tolerances
35:
2665:Geometric measurement
2499:Computer-Aided Design
2227:Engineering tolerance
2010:and a part 2 for the
1888:Global GPS standards
1776:datum reference frame
1772:datum feature callout
1764:GD&T presentation
1700:
1678:
1656:
1622:
1588:
1553:
1515:
1477:
1443:
1211:
1159:
1102:
1043:
989:
927:
868:
809:
746:
739:Profile of a surface
691:
632:
578:
524:
468:
284:
33:
2470:10.6028/jres.104.024
2407:cobanengineering.com
1893:Geometrical features
453:Individual features
230:
217:datum feature symbol
141:reference dimensions
121:Fundamental concepts
55:engineering drawings
1796:GD&T validation
1663:Continuous feature
1414:
375:
297:Purpose & rules
2623:ASME Certification
2611:2008-09-15 at the
2232:Gauge (instrument)
2162:ISO/TS 10303-1666
2156:ISO/TS 10303-1052
2142:ISO/TS 10303-1050
2136:ISO/TS 10303-1130
1719:Unequal bilateral
1702:
1680:
1658:
1624:
1590:
1555:
1517:
1479:
1445:
1409:
1284:When applied to a
1213:
1161:
1104:
1045:
991:
929:
870:
811:
748:
693:
634:
580:
526:
470:
373:
279:
253:
238:
219:and corresponding
36:
2655:Technical drawing
2618:GDT: Introduction
2576:978-1-59070-328-1
2560:. Engineers Edge.
2548:978-0-87263-865-5
2385:978-0-7918-3192-2
2317:
2316:
2309:
2149:ISO/TS 10303-1051
1804:Kansas City Plant
1728:
1727:
1716:
1638:
1604:
1569:
1531:
1493:
1459:
1402:List of modifiers
1255:
1254:
1227:
1175:
1152:Circular run-out
1118:
1059:
1005:
943:
884:
825:
794:Related features
762:
707:
646:
594:
540:
484:
404:References datum
398:Relevant feature
182:unequal bilateral
51:symbolic language
16:(Redirected from
2672:
2660:Applied geometry
2596:What is GD&T
2580:
2561:
2552:
2533:
2514:
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2348:
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2312:
2305:
2301:
2298:
2292:
2287:this article by
2278:inline citations
2265:
2264:
2257:
1871:GPS – Masterplan
1869:In ISO/TR 14638
1711:
1633:
1599:
1564:
1526:
1488:
1454:
1415:
1412:datum references
1408:
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1000:
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801:Perpendicularity
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382:Type of control
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147:Units of measure
137:basic dimensions
21:
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2645:
2644:
2613:Wayback Machine
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2530:
2490:
2447:
2445:Further reading
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2337:Circuitous Root
2329:
2322:
2313:
2302:
2296:
2293:
2283:Please help to
2282:
2266:
2262:
2255:
2242:Position sensor
2222:Engineering fit
2213:
2119:
2087:
1867:
1853:ISO 16792:2021
1824:
1816:
1749:
1733:
1710:
1709:
1632:
1631:
1598:
1597:
1563:
1562:
1525:
1524:
1487:
1486:
1453:
1452:
1424:
1404:
1399:
1398:
1392:
1388:
1383:
1376:
1371:
1364:
1359:
1346:
1341:
1314:
1309:
1292:
1286:feature of size
1283:
1260:
1221:
1220:
1169:
1168:
1112:
1111:
1086:
1080:
1053:
1052:
999:
998:
970:
964:
937:
936:
911:
905:
878:
877:
852:
846:
819:
818:
787:
756:
755:
732:
701:
700:
640:
639:
588:
587:
534:
533:
505:
478:
477:
435:
428:
420:
394:
385:Characteristic
371:
366:
299:
274:
247:
246:
244:
233:
231:
228:
227:
205:
203:Datum reference
199:
179:equal bilateral
161:
149:
128:
123:
95:
83:(see GPS&V)
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2678:
2668:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2643:
2642:
2636:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2586:
2585:External links
2583:
2582:
2581:
2575:
2562:
2553:
2547:
2534:
2529:978-0070181311
2528:
2515:
2494:
2489:978-0750667388
2488:
2475:
2463:(4): 349–400.
2446:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2418:
2391:
2384:
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2269:
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2260:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2207:
2206:
2205:
2201:ISO 10303-242
2199:
2193:ISO 10303-238
2190:
2186:ISO 10303-224
2184:
2180:ISO 10303-214
2178:
2174:ISO 10303-210
2172:
2168:ISO 10303-203
2166:
2160:
2154:
2146:
2140:
2134:
2118:
2115:
2111:
2110:
2106:ASME Y14.5.1M
2104:
2096:
2086:
2085:ASME standards
2083:
2082:
2081:
2080:
2079:
2073:
2067:
2061:
2049:
2048:
2047:
2041:
2040:
2039:
2033:
2027:
2021:
2004:
1998:
1992:
1986:
1980:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1960:
1954:
1948:
1942:
1936:
1930:
1924:
1918:
1912:
1911:
1910:
1898:
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1866:
1860:
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1839:
1833:
1823:
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1812:
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1793:
1789:
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1779:
1761:
1748:
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1729:
1726:
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1722:
1720:
1717:
1705:
1703:
1693:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1671:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1649:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1641:Tangent plane
1639:
1627:
1625:
1615:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1593:
1591:
1581:
1580:
1577:
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1570:
1558:
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1546:
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1535:
1532:
1520:
1518:
1508:
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1504:
1497:
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1482:
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1466:
1463:
1460:
1448:
1446:
1436:
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1432:
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1419:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1386:
1374:
1362:
1344:
1312:
1290:
1257:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1216:
1214:
1205:
1204:Total run-out
1201:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1164:
1162:
1153:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1107:
1105:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1083:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1048:
1046:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
994:
992:
983:
978:
974:
973:
967:
962:
959:
956:
953:
950:
947:
944:
932:
930:
921:
915:
914:
908:
903:
900:
897:
894:
891:
888:
885:
873:
871:
862:
856:
855:
849:
844:
841:
838:
835:
832:
829:
826:
814:
812:
803:
798:
795:
791:
790:
784:
781:
778:
775:
772:
769:
766:
763:
751:
749:
740:
736:
735:
729:
726:
723:
720:
717:
714:
711:
708:
696:
694:
685:
679:
676:
672:
671:
668:
665:
662:
659:
656:
653:
650:
647:
637:
635:
626:
620:
619:
616:
613:
610:
607:
604:
601:
598:
595:
583:
581:
572:
566:
565:
562:
559:
556:
553:
550:
547:
544:
541:
529:
527:
518:
512:
511:
508:
503:
500:
497:
494:
491:
488:
485:
473:
471:
462:
457:
454:
450:
449:
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439:
432:
425:
416:
412:
411:
408:
405:
402:
399:
396:
389:
386:
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380:
370:
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365:
362:
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323:
320:
317:
314:
311:
298:
295:
290:
289:
277:
270:
264:
258:
250:
237:
201:Main article:
198:
195:
190:
189:
186:
183:
180:
160:
157:
148:
145:
127:
124:
122:
119:
94:
91:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2677:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2578:
2572:
2568:
2563:
2559:
2554:
2550:
2544:
2540:
2535:
2531:
2525:
2521:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2505:(7): 738–49.
2504:
2500:
2495:
2491:
2485:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2449:
2448:
2428:
2422:
2408:
2404:
2398:
2396:
2387:
2381:
2377:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2327:
2325:
2320:
2311:
2308:
2300:
2290:
2286:
2280:
2279:
2273:
2268:
2259:
2258:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2204:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2183:
2179:
2177:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2165:
2161:
2159:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2141:
2139:
2135:
2133:
2130:ISO 10303-47
2129:
2128:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2114:
2109:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2078:
2074:
2072:
2068:
2066:
2062:
2060:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2032:
2028:
2026:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2003:
1999:
1997:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1953:
1949:
1947:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1929:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1865:
1856:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1844:
1840:
1838:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1822:
1808:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1762:
1758:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1747:Data exchange
1741:
1738:
1737:
1736:
1731:Certification
1723:
1721:
1718:
1714:
1708:
1704:
1699:
1695:
1694:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1677:
1673:
1672:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1655:
1651:
1650:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1636:
1630:
1626:
1621:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1602:
1596:
1592:
1587:
1583:
1582:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1567:
1561:
1557:
1552:
1548:
1547:
1543:
1540:
1536:
1533:
1529:
1523:
1519:
1514:
1510:
1509:
1505:
1502:
1498:
1495:
1491:
1485:
1481:
1476:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1457:
1451:
1447:
1442:
1438:
1437:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1413:
1407:
1390:
1381:
1379:
1369:
1367:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1342:Automatically
1339:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1287:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1258:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1225:
1219:
1215:
1210:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1173:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1110:
1106:
1101:
1097:
1095:
1094:Concentricity
1092:
1091:
1084:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1057:
1051:
1047:
1042:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1003:
997:
993:
988:
984:
982:
979:
975:
968:
963:
960:
957:
954:
951:
948:
945:
941:
935:
931:
926:
922:
920:
917:
916:
909:
904:
901:
898:
895:
892:
889:
886:
882:
876:
872:
867:
863:
861:
858:
857:
850:
845:
842:
839:
836:
833:
830:
827:
823:
817:
813:
808:
804:
802:
799:
792:
785:
782:
779:
776:
773:
770:
767:
764:
760:
754:
750:
745:
741:
738:
737:
730:
727:
724:
721:
718:
715:
712:
709:
705:
699:
695:
690:
686:
684:
681:Profile of a
680:
673:
669:
666:
663:
660:
657:
654:
651:
648:
644:
636:
631:
627:
625:
622:
621:
617:
614:
611:
608:
605:
602:
599:
596:
592:
586:
582:
577:
573:
571:
568:
567:
563:
560:
557:
554:
551:
548:
545:
542:
538:
532:
528:
523:
519:
517:
514:
513:
509:
504:
501:
498:
495:
492:
489:
486:
482:
476:
472:
467:
463:
461:
458:
451:
445:
440:
433:
426:
417:
414:
413:
393:
377:
358:
355:
352:
349:
346:
343:
340:
337:
334:
331:
328:
327:non-mandatory
324:
321:
318:
315:
312:
308:
307:
306:
303:
294:
268:
262:
256:
235:
226:
225:
224:
222:
218:
214:
213:datum feature
210:
204:
194:
187:
184:
181:
178:
177:
176:
174:
170:
165:
156:
153:
144:
142:
138:
133:
118:
116:
112:
107:
105:
101:
90:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
67:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
32:
19:
2566:
2557:
2538:
2519:
2502:
2498:
2479:
2460:
2456:
2431:. Retrieved
2421:
2410:. Retrieved
2406:
2375:
2345:. Retrieved
2336:
2303:
2294:
2275:
2202:
2194:
2187:
2181:
2175:
2169:
2163:
2157:
2151:
2143:
2137:
2131:
2125:
2112:
2107:
2101:
2093:
2076:
2070:
2064:
2058:
2057:ISO/TS 1661
2052:
2044:
2036:
2031:Straightness
2030:
2024:
2019:Cylindricity
2018:
2011:
2007:
2001:
1995:
1989:
1983:
1977:
1971:
1963:
1957:
1951:
1945:
1939:
1933:
1927:
1921:
1915:
1907:
1906:Amendment 1
1901:
1892:
1891:ISO 14660-1
1881:
1870:
1868:
1863:
1854:
1848:
1842:
1836:
1830:
1820:
1795:
1792:10303-1666).
1781:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1750:
1734:
1538:
1500:
1405:
1389:
1285:
797:Orientation
624:Cylindricity
460:Straightness
410:Affected by
407:Modified by
379:Application
326:
304:
300:
291:
220:
216:
212:
208:
206:
191:
172:
168:
166:
162:
154:
150:
140:
136:
129:
114:
110:
108:
96:
68:
42:
38:
37:
2427:"Resources"
2347:October 24,
2289:introducing
2091:ASME Y14.41
1862:ISO/TC 213
1462:Free state
919:Parallelism
570:Circularity
2649:Categories
2433:2020-09-20
2412:2020-04-02
2297:April 2010
2272:references
2253:References
2099:ASME Y14.5
2075:ISO 13565
2069:ISO 12085
2063:ISO 11562
2059:Filtration
2043:ISO 25178
2035:ISO 12781
2029:ISO 12780
2023:ISO 12181
2017:ISO 12180
1962:ISO 22432
1958:Extraction
1956:ISO 14406
1950:ISO 10579
1944:ISO 10578
1847:ISO 15786
1841:ISO 13715
1819:ISO TC 10
1431:Definition
860:Angularity
395:character
185:unilateral
159:Tolerances
126:Dimensions
2197:(STEP-NC)
2123:ISO 10303
2025:Roundness
2000:ISO 8785
1994:ISO 4288
1988:ISO 4287
1982:ISO 3274
1976:ISO 1302
1938:ISO 5459
1932:ISO 5458
1926:ISO 3040
1920:ISO 2692
1914:ISO 1119
1900:ISO 1101
1880:ISO 8015
1835:ISO 7083
1428:Modifier
1425:character
977:Location
269:◂
263:−
257:−
236:◻
132:dimension
59:3D models
2609:Archived
2341:Archived
2211:See also
2037:Flatness
1788:product.
1768:callouts
1236:Of size
1184:Of size
1035:Position
981:Symmetry
958:Of size
952:Of size
899:Of size
893:Of size
840:Of size
834:Of size
678:Profile
516:Flatness
499:Of size
493:Of size
415:Surface
223:, e.g.,
104:Scotland
63:geometry
43:GD&T
18:GD&T
2285:improve
1828:ISO 129
1539:maximum
1422:Unicode
1148:Run-out
1085:Datum,
969:Datum,
910:Datum,
851:Datum,
786:Datum,
731:Datum,
392:Unicode
388:Symbol
364:Symbols
87:BS 8888
73:(ASME)
2573:
2545:
2526:
2486:
2382:
2274:, but
1774:and a
1434:Notes
1418:Symbol
421:
93:Origin
49:via a
1760:them.
1715:+24CA
1637:+24C9
1603:+24C8
1568:+24C5
1530:+24C2
1501:least
1492:+24C1
1458:+24BB
1394:1994.
1226:+2330
1174:+2197
1117:+25CE
1058:+2316
1004:+232F
942:+2225
883:+2220
824:+27C2
761:+2313
706:+2312
645:+232D
593:+25CB
539:+23E5
483:+23E4
456:Form
447:Shift
442:Bonus
209:datum
75:Y14.5
2571:ISBN
2543:ISBN
2524:ISBN
2484:ISBN
2380:ISBN
2349:2018
1239:Yes
1233:Yes
1230:Yes
1187:Yes
1181:Yes
1178:Yes
1130:Yes
1127:Yes
1124:Yes
1077:Yes
1074:Yes
1071:Yes
1068:Yes
1065:Yes
1017:Yes
1014:Yes
1011:Yes
955:Yes
949:Yes
946:Yes
896:Yes
890:Yes
887:Yes
837:Yes
831:Yes
828:Yes
774:Yes
765:Yes
719:Yes
710:Yes
683:line
649:Yes
597:Yes
543:Yes
490:Yes
487:Yes
423:size
2507:doi
2465:doi
2461:104
1753:CAD
1251:No
1248:No
1245:No
1242:No
1199:No
1196:No
1193:No
1190:No
1142:No
1139:No
1136:No
1133:No
1121:No
1062:No
1029:No
1026:No
1023:No
1020:No
1008:No
961:No
902:No
843:No
783:No
780:No
777:No
771:No
768:No
728:No
725:No
722:No
716:No
713:No
670:No
667:No
664:No
661:No
658:No
655:No
652:No
618:No
615:No
612:No
609:No
606:No
603:No
600:No
564:No
561:No
558:No
555:No
552:No
549:No
546:No
510:No
502:No
496:No
53:on
2651::
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2501:.
2459:.
2455:.
2405:.
2394:^
2357:^
2339:.
2335:.
2323:^
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1261:^
419:Of
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1224:U
1218:⌰
1172:U
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1109:◎
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1002:U
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965:Ⓜ
940:U
934:∥
912:Ⓜ
906:Ⓜ
881:U
875:∠
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847:Ⓜ
822:U
816:⟂
788:Ⓜ
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753:⌓
733:Ⓜ
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698:⌒
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638:⌭
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585:○
537:U
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506:Ⓜ
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475:⏤
436:Ⓢ
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276:|
249:A
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41:(
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