Gabriel Báthory - Knowledge

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his command supported Forgách, most Protestant noblemen refused to join the invasion. Most Transylvanians regarded the invasion as an unlawful action, and only the Saxons were willing to support Forgách. He and Radu Şerban besieged Szeben, but could not capture it. Gabriel sent envoys to Istanbul, seeking assistance from the Sublime Porte. Nagy and his Hajdú troops deserted Forgách and routed the reinforcements sent to him from Upper Hungary in mid-September. After learning of the arrival of Ottoman troops to support Gabriel, Radu Şerban withdrew from Szeben; this forced Forgách to lift the siege. The Transylvanian army routed the retreating royal troops, capturing hundreds of soldiers.

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Géczi and Miklós Abaffy soon hatched a plot to murder Gabriel in Várad. They entered his room on 26 October 1613 and persuaded him to give them his sword, but did not attack the strong prince because he still had a dagger. The following day, Abaffy told Gabriel that the troops from Royal Hungary wanted to see him. After visiting Abaffy's army, Gabriel returned to Várad in a carriage. Horsemen suddenly attacked the carriage, forcing it to turn into a narrow street. Gabriel jumped out of the carriage, but was soon shot. He tried to resist at a willow tree near the

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ordered the princes of Moldavia and Wallachia to send reinforcements and the Saxons to pay a tax of 100,000 florins, the prince of Moldavia did not send troops and the Saxons paid only 10,000 florins. Imreffy again went to Royal Hungary to negotiate with Thurzó in Kassa. By 15 August, they reached a compromise which resolved most of the contentious issues. However, Matthias II did not ratify the agreement because it stated that Transylvania was not required to provide military assistance to Royal Hungary against the Ottomans.

1265: 992: 872:, was accused of maintaining secret correspondence with Transylvanian exiles in 1604. To avoid imprisonment, he rose up in open rebellion with the backing of the Hajdú, irregular troops stationed along the borders of Transylvania and Royal Hungary. Although Stephen Báthory did not openly support Bocskai, he sent Gabriel to Bocskai's court in Kassa. Sixteen-year-old Gabriel participated in a battle against the royal army near 893:. Stephen Báthory died on 25 July 1605. He had willed most of his estates to Gabriel, who became one of the wealthiest noblemen in Bocskai's realm. Bocskai hinted that he regarded Gabriel as his successor, ordering Bálint Drugeth (commander-in-chief of his army in Upper Hungary) to "hold Gabriel Báthory in the highest esteem among the Hungarian lords" if he did not return from his meeting with 42: 1256:. Weiss, who wanted to install Géczi as prince in Gyulafehérvár, left Brassó at the head of an undisciplined army on 8 October 1612. Gabriel attacked Weiss and his troops, annihilating them six days later. Weiss was beheaded on the battlefield, and Géczi withdrew to Brassó. The Diet sentenced the absent Géczi and Bethlen to death, granting amnesty to those who had surrendered. 1111:, the conspirators wanted to murder Gabriel because his undisciplined Hajdú troops had destroyed many villages. Calvinist pastor Máté Szepsi Laczkó said that the Catholic noblemen wanted to get rid of the Protestant prince. Others claimed that Boldizsár Kornis (captain of the Székelys) joined the plot because Gabriel had tried to seduce his young wife. 344:

but they were to seek the Ottoman sultans' confirmation to rule the principality. The Habsburg kings of Royal Hungary regarded the principality as a part of their realm and the first rulers of the principality acknowledged the Habsburgs' claim in secret treaties in the 1570s. The Diet of Transylvania consisted primarily of the representatives of the

1292:, invaded the principality three weeks later. By early October, Ottoman troops arrived to support Bethlen. Gabriel fled from Transylvania proper and withdrew to Várad to seek assistance from Royal Hungary against Bethlen and his allies. Zsigmond Forgách sent an army of 2,000 troops, commanded by Miklós Abafy, to Várad. 332:. Stephen was captain of Várad when Gabriel was born. Gabriel's mother was his father's first wife, Zsuzsanna Bebek. Although she had already given birth to four children, none survived infancy. Sigismund Báthory dismissed Gabriel's father from Várad in the summer of 1592, and Gabriel's family then moved to the 1125:

in Romania) in June, but they could not reach an agreement. He said during the negotiations that he was a sovereign, but the palatine was merely a "lord's serf". After returning to Transylvania, Gabriel planned to reunite Royal Hungary and Transylvania under his rule with Ottoman support. Although he

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in Romania) during the night of 10–11 March 1610, a man entered his bedroom. Although the intruder had wanted to stab Gabriel, he changed his mind and confessed that Kendi and other (mostly-Catholic) noblemen had hired him. Kendi soon fled to Royal Hungary, but his accomplices were captured. The Diet

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The Principality of Transylvania emerged after the disintegration of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary in the 1540s. The principality included the eastern and northeastern regions of the medieval kingdom and its princes paid a yearly tribute to the Ottoman sultans. The princes were elected by the Diet,

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from Transylvania, offering to defend the Catholic Church in the principality if he ascended the throne and saying that he was ready to reconvert to Catholicism. Rudolph made him governor of Transylvania in June, but the appointment had no real effect on Gabriel's position. Gabriel married Bocskai's

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Matthias II considered Gabriel's attack against Wallachia as treachery, because he regarded Transylvania and the two Romanian principalities as realms of the Hungarian Crown. Zsigmond Forgách, commander-in-chief of Upper Hungary, invaded Transylvania in late June. Although Nagy and the Hajdús under

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Transylvania went through a chaotic period during Gabriel's rule. Historian Katalin Péter states that Gabriel "was not the man to tolerate inaction for long" and "ruled with extravagance and capricious irresponsibility". Gabriel, according to Péter, was unable to keep a balance among the different

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Skender Pasha convoked the delegates of the Three Nations to a Diet at Gyulafehérvár. The Diet dethroned Gabriel on 21 October, urging him in a letter of farewell to accept the decision, and elected Bethlen prince two days later. According to the contemporaneous historian Máté Szepsi Lackó, András

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Géczi sent letters to András Nagy (who promised to murder Gabriel), but Nagy's letter was captured. Gabriel killed Nagy or had him executed in August, according to various sources. Gabriel Bethlen (the leading figure of the pro-Ottoman policy) fled to Ottoman territory on 12 September, and visited

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The Diet elected Gabriel prince on 7 March 1608, and sent delegates to him in Nagyecsed. Although his election was technically free, he controlled the strongest army in the principality (making resistance impossible). He pledged to respect the laws of the principality, especially the privileges of

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After being unpaid for months, the Hajdús rose up in the autumn of 1607. They offered their support to Drugeth, who refused to lead them. Gabriel also treated them with disdain and promised to protect Transylvania against them at the end of October. He soon mustered his troops and marched to Upper

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Gabriel's wife, Anna, was the daughter of György Horváth Palocsai and Krisztina Sulyok. According to Nagy Szabó, she was "a big fat woman" and Gabriel "did possibly not love her too much". Michael Weiss said that Gabriel's separation from his wife was a reason for the Saxons' rebellion because it

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Romanian Orthodox priests approached Gabriel for support against noblemen who treated them like serfs. At their request, he freed them from taxation and service demands by the landowners in June 1609. Gabriel also granted them the right to freely move about the principality. At his initiative, in

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wanted to demonstrate their right to freely elect the prince. The Diet first passed a decree prohibiting a minor from being elected prince, preventing Gabriel's election. It ignored Bocskai's last will, electing Rákóczi prince on 12 February. Gabriel mustered troops, saying that he only wanted to

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by the time he ascended the throne and his expansionist ambitions were not tolerated by the Sultan. Historian László Nagy's evaluation of Báthory's rule is different. He says that Báthory's bad fame can be traced back to the works of historians who worked in the court of Gabriel Bethlen who made

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in Slovakia) on 24 December 1612. Matthias sent his delegates to Transylvania to urge the Saxons to surrender to Gabriel. The treaty outraged Ahmed I, who decided to replace Gabriel with Bethlen in March. Matthias and Gabriel's envoys concluded a new treaty on 12 April, and Matthias acknowledged

1073:(who had persuaded Rudolph to abdicate in his favor) signed two treaties on 20 August. The first treaty summarized the privileges of the Hajdús in Royal Hungary and the Principality of Transylvania. The second recognized Gabriel as lawful ruler of Transylvania, but forbade him to secede from the 966:

at the end of the year, Gabriel began negotiations with the Hajdús. They concluded a treaty on 8 February 1608. Gabriel pledged to grant villages to the Hajdús in Partium, and they promised to support him in seizing Transylvania. He also promised to expel "heretics and idolaters" (Unitarians and

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The Ottomans routed the armies of the Holy League in a series of battles after 1595. Sigismund Báthory abdicated in favor of Gabriel's uncle, Andrew, in early 1599 in the hope that Andrew could regain the Ottoman sultans' favor with Polish mediation. Gabriel's father accompanied Andrew back to

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of the Ottoman Empire accepted the proposal, and decided to replace Gabriel with Géczi. After the burghers of Brassó refused to surrender, Gabriel invaded Burzenland and captured seven Saxon fortresses in late March and early April 1612. The Diet of Transylvania urged the Saxons of Brassó to

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in Romania), the wealthiest Saxon town, on 10 December. Although only 50 soldiers accompanied him into the town, his army was stationed on the outskirts. Gabriel stopped at the gate of the town the following day, pretending that he only wanted to study it; while the gate was open, his army

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in November 1605. Young noblemen (including Gabriel's future enemy, Gabriel Bethlen) and military officials also supported Gabriel. Years later, Gáspár Bojti Veres wrote that Gabriel hosted feasts to win popularity with Bocskai's courtiers and commanders. Gabriel's relatives,

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in early February 1605; three years later, poet János Rimay accused him of fleeing the battlefield. Rimay also said that Gabriel spent his days mainly drinking wine and allegedly had an affair with his aunt, Kata Iffjú (who was over thirty years old at the time).

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without resistance. Gabriel styled himself prince of Wallachia in a 26 January 1611 charter. According to Radu Popescu's chronicle, his troops brought pillage, destruction and death to the countryside. Gabriel sent his envoys to Istanbul, asking Ottoman Sultan

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Gabriel's hereditary right to rule Transylvania. In a secret agreement, Gabriel promised to support Matthias even against the Ottomans. He granted a royal pardon to the Saxons and their allies, including Géczi (who was made commander of Gabriel's guard).

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groups of the Transylvanian nobility, which gave rise to new tensions between Calvinists and Catholics, natives and newcomers, pro-Habsburg and pro-Ottoman politicians. Neither could he realize that the Ottoman Empire had recovered after the

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surrender in May, but the Three Nations delegates did not punish the noblemen who had fled to the town. Gabriel proposed a month later at the Diet that the principality should renounce the sultan's suzerainty, but his proposal was refused.

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Gabriel led his army from Szeben to Várad, but the Ottoman troops did not accompany him. Delegates of the counties and towns of Upper Hungary persuaded Thurzó to begin negotiations with Gabriel, and their envoys signed an agreement in

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Felezeu, Călin (2009). "The International Political Background (1541–1699); The Legal Status of the Principality of Transylvania in Its Relations with the Ottoman Porte". In Pop, Ioan-Aurel; Nägler, Thomas; Magyari, András (eds.).

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Bocskai died in Kassa on 29 December 1606. A mob accused Káthay of poisoning Bocskai, and lynched him on 12 January 1607. Gabriel had demanded the Principality of Transylvania in a 2 January 1607 letter to the grand vizier,

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protect Transylvania. He demanded the cancellation of the Transylvanian decrees ordering the confiscation of his father and uncles' estates in 1595. Gabriel approached Rudolph I's councillors after the Diet expelled the

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unexpectedly marched in and captured the town without resistance. He said that he wanted to secure his entry into Szeben because the Saxons could refuse monarchs entry into their towns. According to the contemporaneous

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and ordered Gabriel to return to Transylvania in March. Although the sultan's decision outraged Gabriel, he had no choice but to accept it. Radu Şerban ousted Radu Mihnea from Wallachia at the head of an army of

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and Moldavian mercenaries. The Diet ordered the mobilization of the Transylvanian army, authorizing Gabriel to collect an extraordinary tax in April. However, Michael Weiss (who had regarded Gabriel as a new

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also acknowledged Gabriel's suzerainty and promised to pay a yearly tribute of 8,000 florins. That month, Gabriel visited Brassó. His feasts infuriated the burghers, who called him a drunkard or a greedy new

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to intervene on their behalf. Gabriel, his mother and sister were freed at the pope's request and were allowed to join Stephen in Poland. His mother became seriously ill, and died near the end of 1595.

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conscious efforts to denigrate his predecessor. Nagy also emphasizes that 17th-century popular literary works show that many commoners was mourning Báthory's death. The 20th-century Hungarian novelist

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Rudolf's troops occupied Transylvania in 1603 and his officials started to confiscate the estates of noblemen through legal proceedings on false charges of treason. One of the wealthiest landowners,

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affair with his sister, Anna, first mentioning the rumour in Istanbul in 1613 in an attempt to depose him. The accusation was repeated during a secret lawsuit against Anna, whom Bethlen accused of

909:(Kata Iffjú's husband), were his principal supporters. His position weakened after Bocskai who was taken ill suddenly had Káthay imprisoned for treason in early September 1606. Káthay's opponents, 1204:) incited the burghers of Brassó to rise up against the monarch. Gabriel dispatched Hajdú captain András Nagy to lay siege to Brassó, but Weiss bribed Nagy to lift the siege. Radu Şerban invaded 4231:

Barta, Gábor (1994). "The Emergence of the Principality and its First Crises (1526–1606)". In Köpeczi, Béla; Barta, Gábor; Bóna, István; Makkai, László; Szász, Zoltán; Borus, Judit (eds.).

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to confirm his rule in Wallachia. He outlined a plan for the conquest of Poland. He also demanded compensation for the salaries of his Hajdús from the Ottomans, who began to call him

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the Three Nations, before accepting his election on 14 March. Gabriel was ceremoniously installed in Kolozsvár on 31 March, and the Diet granted him the domains of Fogaras (now

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Early Modern Religious Communities in East-Central Europe: Ethnic Diversity, Denominational Plurality, and Corporative Politics in the Principality of Transylvania (1526–1691)

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to secure his support, but Bethlen was imprisoned at Rákóczi's order on 26 January. Rákóczi also dismissed Várad captain Dénes Bánffy, the fiancé of Gabriel's sister Anna.

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Péter, Katalin (1994). "The Golden Age of the Principality (1606–1660)". In Köpeczi, Béla; Barta, Gábor; Bóna, István; Makkai, László; Szász, Zoltán; Borus, Judit (eds.).

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to Istanbul to express his gratitude for Ottoman support. Géczi made an agreement with Michael Weiss in Brassó, however, and asked for Gabriel's removal on behalf of the

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Andea, Susana (2009). "Political Evolution in the 17th Century-From Stephen Bocskai to Michael Apafi". In Pop, Ioan-Aurel; Nägler, Thomas; Magyari, András (eds.).

288:, and sent troops to invade the principality in August 1613. Transylvania was unable to resist and the Diet dethroned Gabriel. He was murdered by Hajdú assassins. 970:

Gabriel sent Imreffy to Rákóczi, offering to help Rákóczi seize two important domains in Upper Hungary if Rákóczi abdicated. He informed Rudolph's commissioner,

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Bocskai was elected prince of Transylvania on 21 February 1605 and prince of Hungary on 20 April of that year. His realm included most of Transylvania proper,

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in defamatory poems. Gabriel's promiscuity was notorious; he reportedly seduced young women and promoted noblemen who were willing to offer him their wives.

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Gabriel Bethlen left Istanbul in August, accompanied by Skender, the Pasha of Kanizsa. Radu Mihnea invaded Transylvania from Wallachia in early September.

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sentenced the conspirators to death on 24 March, and their estates were confiscated. Gabriel made Imreffy chancellor and Bethlen captain of the Székelys.

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Catholics) from the royal council. According to the contemporary Ferenc Nagy Szabó's memoirs, the Ottoman grand vizier soon decided to support Gabriel.

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in Romania) dissuaded him. Radu Șerban voluntarily swore fealty to Gabriel in the presence of his envoys on 31 May. On 18 July, thirteen-year-old

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Gabriel launched a military campaign against Wallachia on 26 December. Radu Şerban fled the country, enabling Gabriel to take possession of

252:—irregular troops stationing along the borders of Transylvania and Royal Hungary—and laid claim to Transylvania against the elderly prince, 198: 104: 1300:, but dozens of Hajdús attacked and killed him. Hajdú infantry captain Balázs Nagy brought Gabriel's body first to Nagyecsed, and then to 4604: 1190:

in Romania) invaded the Hajdú villages in Partium, forcing them to hurry back and defend their homes. Ahmed I granted Wallachia to

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and János Rimay, persuaded the dying (and often unconscious) Bocskai to name Bálint Drugeth his successor in his last will.

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Jakó, Klára (2009). "Báthory Gábor és a román vajdaságok ". In Papp, Klára; Jeney-Tóth, Annamária; Ulrich, Attila (eds.).

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The Diet authorized Gabriel to begin negotiations with Matthias II, and their envoys signed an alliance in Pressburg (now

845:, and lost most of their father's estates; Szilágysomlyó was seized by the royal treasury, and their scattered estates in 865:

from his estates. The young Gabriel's strength was legendary, and he was said to break horseshoes with his bare hands.

217:, held estates in the principality, but never ruled it. Being a minor when his father died in 1601, Gabriel became the 1542: 842: 705: 322: 222: 214: 148: 17: 4413:

Magyar királyok nagykönyve: Uralkodóink, kormányzóink és az erdélyi fejedelmek életének és tetteinek képes története

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confirming Gabriel's election. The sultan exempted Transylvania from paying the customary tribute for three years.

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in Romania), provoking an uprising in 1610. His attempts to expand his authority over the Ottoman vassal

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characterizes Gabriel Báthory as a "true fairy prince", adding that "fairies are unfit for this world".

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Dörner, Anton (2009). "Power structures". In Pop, Ioan-Aurel; Nägler, Thomas; Magyari, András (eds.).

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persuaded Matthias II not to ratify the treaty until Gabriel reached an agreement with the Saxons.

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in Romania) and Kővár as hereditary estates. He began settling the Hajdús in Partium, and granted

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The orphaned Gabriel and Anna were placed in the guardianship of their father's childless cousin,

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and the royal court. After a brief negotiation, Imreffy and representatives of Rudolph's brother

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were seized by a distant cousin, Peter Szaniszlófi. Scholar János Czeglédi educated Gabriel in

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October the Diet abolished all grants which had exempted some noble estates from taxation.

1043: 934: 269: 257: 759: 718: 368: 329: 8: 1115: 393: 971: 337: 310: 237:'s estates in 1605, Gabriel became one of the wealthiest landowners in Transylvania and 4316:. Debreceni Egyetem Történeti Intézete; Erdély-történeti Alapítvány. pp. 123–132. 1118: 1051: 926: 902: 401: 397: 349: 210: 178: 4411:

Szabó, Péter Károly (2012). "Báthory Gábor". In Gujdár, Noémi; Szatmáry, Nóra (eds.).

1314: 1183: 1023:. About 30,000 Hajdú soldiers received parcels of land from Gabriel during his reign. 610: 4418: 4397: 4378: 4357: 4336: 4317: 4296: 4275: 4255: 4236: 4217: 1489: 1225: 389: 380: 301: 846: 731: 376: 333: 306: 194: 1309: 1156: 189:

from 1608 to 1613. The Ottomans nicknamed him "Deli Kiral" (Mad King). Born to the

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He sent Bethlen to Istanbul and Imreffy to Kassa to secure his recognition by the

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The motivation for the conspiracy is unclear. According to the contemporary

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A magyar állam főméltóságai Szent Istvántól napjainkig: Életrajzi Lexikon

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Hungary. He again approached the royal court, asking Rudolph to make him

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and not allow serfs to join the Hajdús. However, the princes of the

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which included the northern and western parts of medieval Hungary).

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and his negotiations with Matthias II outraged the Ottoman Sultan

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acknowledged Gabriel's election. He ignored the privileges of the

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Sigismund Báthory, who was a devout Catholic, wanted to join the

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which had developed in the eastern territories of the medieval

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kinswoman, Anna Horváth Palocsai, about two months later.

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The History of Transylvania, Vo. II (From 1541 to 1711)

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The History of Transylvania, Vo. II (From 1541 to 1711)

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The History of Transylvania, Vo. II (From 1541 to 1711)

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contradicted divine law. Bethlen accused Gabriel of an

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in Romania) before dawn on 15 August 1589. His father,

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in December. Gabriel pledged to send delegates to the

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elected Gabriel prince without resistance. Both the

4417:(in Hungarian). Reader's Digest. pp. 204–205. 4177: 4150: 3469: 3442: 3403: 3376: 3364: 3337: 3308: 3296: 3284: 3272: 3260: 3227: 3152: 3119: 3107: 3086: 3074: 3062: 3033: 3021: 2997: 2982: 2970: 2946: 2931: 2700: 2611: 2587: 2536: 2446: 2383: 2368: 2339: 2255: 2183: 4114: 4097: 2958: 2916: 2870: 2855: 2826: 2802: 2778: 2751: 2712: 2688: 2676: 2647: 2575: 2497: 2461: 2419: 2395: 2356: 2225: 2210: 2166: 1252:. With their help, he contacted the grand vizier 1155:in Romania), which had been destroyed during the 4561: 272:and captured their wealthiest town, Szeben (now 197:, he was closely related to four rulers of the 1038:of Wallachia; however, the royal council and 1248:the Ottoman governors of Temesvár, Buda and 375:. Stephen and Balthasar's brother, Cardinal 256:in February 1608. Rákóczi abdicated and the 4620:Hungarian Calvinist and Reformed Christians 920:The Báthorys' fortress at Nagyecsed in 1688 388:Transylvania, and his family followed him. 229:branch of the family, who converted him to 937:. Gabriel sent Bethlen to Székely captain 40: 412:), before his death on 21 February 1601. 1263: 1133: 1090: 990: 915: 300: 185:; 15 August 1589 – 27 October 1613) was 4268: 3504: 3436: 2530: 2285: 14: 4562: 4249: 2309: 2273: 2002: 1998: 1986: 1893: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1770: 1672: 1562: 1558: 1546: 1447: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1231:Meanwhile, Gabriel sent Hajdú captain 4410: 4396:. Akadémiai Kiadó. pp. 301–358. 4391: 4349: 4235:. Akadémiai Kiadó. pp. 247–300. 4230: 4211: 4144: 4091: 3982: 3925: 3878: 3851: 3834: 3798: 3774: 3492: 3421: 3254: 3204: 3187: 3175: 3146: 3056: 2898: 2772: 2518: 2440: 2413: 2333: 2321: 2297: 2261: 2192: 2095: 2092: 2082: 2070: 2060: 2056: 2044: 2042: 2032: 2020: 2010: 2006: 1983: 1973: 1961: 1951: 1947: 1935: 1933: 1923: 1911: 1901: 1897: 1881: 1878: 1868: 1856: 1846: 1842: 1830: 1828: 1818: 1806: 1796: 1792: 1764: 1754: 1742: 1732: 1728: 1716: 1713: 1703: 1690: 1680: 1676: 1660: 1654: 1644: 1632: 1622: 1618: 1606: 1603: 1593: 1580: 1570: 1566: 1541: 1531: 1519: 1509: 1505: 1493: 1487: 1477: 1465: 1455: 1451: 1435: 1432: 1422: 1410: 1400: 1396: 1384: 1378: 1368: 1355: 1351: 978:in Romania) on 5 March of that year. 804: 794: 788: 786: 784: 782: 758: 756: 754: 730: 728: 717: 715: 704: 672: 670: 668: 666: 640: 609: 607: 583: 581: 579: 577: 575: 573: 571: 569: 567: 564: 562: 560: 480: 478: 476: 446: 444: 442: 440: 438: 436: 434: 432: 430: 428: 426: 4373:Tündérkert fejedelme: Báthory Gábor 4370: 4330: 4309: 4288: 4195: 4183: 4171: 4159: 4132: 4120: 4108: 4079: 4064: 4052: 4033: 4018: 4006: 3994: 3961: 3949: 3937: 3908: 3893: 3866: 3822: 3810: 3786: 3757: 3745: 3728: 3716: 3704: 3692: 3677: 3665: 3653: 3641: 3629: 3617: 3605: 3593: 3581: 3569: 3557: 3545: 3533: 3521: 3475: 3463: 3451: 3409: 3397: 3385: 3370: 3358: 3343: 3331: 3319: 3302: 3290: 3278: 3266: 3233: 3221: 3163: 3125: 3113: 3101: 3080: 3068: 3039: 3027: 3015: 3003: 2991: 2976: 2964: 2952: 2940: 2925: 2910: 2881: 2864: 2849: 2837: 2820: 2808: 2796: 2784: 2757: 2745: 2733: 2721: 2706: 2694: 2682: 2670: 2658: 2641: 2629: 2617: 2605: 2593: 2581: 2569: 2557: 2545: 2503: 2491: 2479: 2467: 2455: 2428: 2401: 2389: 2377: 2362: 2350: 2249: 2234: 2219: 2204: 2177: 400:in Romania) and swore fealty to the 4441:Heraldique Europeenne: Transylvania 1175:(Mad King) because of his actions. 120:Várad, Principality of Transylvania 24: 4356:(in Hungarian). Magyar Könyvklub. 836: 248:Gabriel made an alliance with the 25: 4631: 4455: 4446: 4433: 379:(who lived in Poland), persuaded 307:Báthorys' castle at Szilágysomlyó 1034:, he decided to dethrone Prince 986: 929:. Bocskai's deputy, the elderly 880: 361:Holy League of Pope Clement VIII 4605:17th-century monarchs in Europe 317:Báthory was born in Várad (now 233:. After inheriting most of his 4610:People of the Long Turkish War 4595:17th-century murdered monarchs 1138:Szeben during the 17th century 1095:While Gabriel was sleeping at 1026:To assert his suzerainty over 771:Voivode/Prince of Transylvania 13: 1: 4615:Assassinated Hungarian people 4295:(in Hungarian). Új Mandátum. 2160: 1239:in Istanbul in November. The 1237:Three Nations of Transylvania 1019:; others received parcels in 946:Three Nations of Transylvania 352:, the Saxon burghers and the 291: 1329:Ancestors of Gabriel Báthory 1142:Gabriel went to Szeben (now 1129: 296: 199:Principality of Transylvania 105:Principality of Transylvania 7: 905:(Bocskai's chancellor) and 10: 4636: 4204: 4135:, pp. 13–14, 244–245. 2000: 1992: 1887: 1786: 1782: 1666: 1560: 1552: 1441: 1345: 1341: 1290:Khan of the Crimean Tatars 4548: 4539: 4531: 4521: 4512: 4504: 4499: 4472: 4458:"Gábor Báthory leads the 4147:, pp. 232, 282, 289. 2076: 2058: 2050: 2026: 2008: 2004: 1967: 1949: 1941: 1917: 1899: 1895: 1862: 1844: 1836: 1812: 1794: 1790: 1748: 1730: 1722: 1697: 1678: 1674: 1638: 1620: 1612: 1587: 1568: 1564: 1525: 1507: 1499: 1471: 1453: 1449: 1416: 1398: 1390: 1362: 1349: 1320: 1178:The Ottoman governors of 1015:to those forced to leave 798: 796: 778:1581/1586–1599, 1601–1602 698: 696: 694: 688: 686: 684: 676: 674: 664: 660: 658: 656: 654: 652: 646: 554: 552: 550: 544: 542: 540: 538: 536: 534: 532: 530: 528: 526: 518: 514: 512: 510: 508: 506: 504: 498: 496: 494: 492: 490: 488: 486: 418:Báthorys in Transylvania 162: 154: 144: 136: 124: 110: 87: 83: 73: 63: 55: 48: 39: 34: 3572:, pp. 194, 290–291. 3400:, pp. 174, 177–178. 1042:(mayor of the important 981: 334:Báthorys' ancient castle 4570:Princes of Transylvania 4394:History of Transylvania 4233:History of Transylvania 1259: 998:, mayor of Brassó (now 960:voivode of Transylvania 596:Voivode of Transylvania 460:Voivode of Transylvania 264:and the Habsburg ruler 4515:Prince of Transylvania 4350:Markó, László (2000). 4312:Báthory Gábor és kora 2748:, pp. 81, 83, 94. 1273: 1139: 1003: 921: 815:Prince of Transylvania 743:Prince of Transylvania 624:Prince of Transylvania 336:in Szilágysomlyó (now 327:Prince of Transylvania 314: 187:Prince of Transylvania 182: 50:Prince of Transylvania 27:Prince of Transylvania 4371:Nagy, László (1988). 4331:Keul, István (2009). 4289:Horn, Ildikó (2002). 2673:, pp. 60, 71–72. 2482:, pp. 26, 45–46. 1267: 1137: 1099:'s home in Szék (now 1091:Assassination attempt 1075:Holy Crown of Hungary 994: 944:The delegates of the 919: 304: 140:Anna Horváth Palocsai 4575:Princes of Wallachia 4542:Voivode of Wallachia 3997:, pp. 274, 276. 3940:, pp. 259, 261. 3548:, pp. 189, 215. 3018:, pp. 105, 121. 1121:in Királydaróc (now 1046:town of Brassó, now 935:Diet of Transylvania 895:Ottoman Grand Vizier 270:Transylvanian Saxons 258:Diet of Transylvania 4094:, pp. 307–308. 4067:, pp. 282–283. 3837:, pp. 311–313. 3813:, pp. 219–221. 3560:, pp. 190–191. 3466:, pp. 126–127. 3361:, pp. 176–177. 3334:, pp. 168–169. 3224:, pp. 152–153. 2913:, pp. 89, 289. 2823:, pp. 159–160. 2644:, pp. 156–157. 2632:, pp. 49, 289. 2560:, pp. 55, 289. 2443:, pp. 295–296. 2312:, pp. 154–155. 2300:, pp. 259–260. 2276:, pp. 138–139. 1714:11. Katalin Nádasdy 1604:10. Stephen Majláth 1272:in Romania) in 1617 1116:Palatine of Hungary 1055:Constantin I Movilă 1044:Transylvanian Saxon 394:Prince of Wallachia 2494:, pp. 37, 42. 1691:21. Ferenc Nádasdy 1581:20. Mátyás Majláth 1356:16. Miklós Báthory 1274: 1140: 1052:Prince of Moldavia 1004: 927:Kuyucu Murad Pasha 922: 402:Holy Roman Emperor 398:Remetea Chioarului 350:Hungarian noblemen 325:, was a cousin of 315: 211:Kingdom of Hungary 4558: 4557: 4549:Succeeded by 4522:Succeeded by 4508:Sigismund Rákóczi 4447:Marek, Miroslav. 4424:978-963-289-214-6 4342:978-90-04-17652-2 4323:978-963-473-272-3 4281:978-973-7784-04-9 4261:978-973-7784-04-9 4223:978-973-7784-04-9 4198:, pp. 61–62. 2852:, pp. 65–66. 2799:, pp. 82–83. 2736:, pp. 80–81. 2608:, pp. 69–70. 2572:, pp. 56–57. 2288:, pp. 25–26. 2252:, pp. 40–41. 2207:, pp. 12–14. 2145: 2144: 2141: 2140: 2093:7. Zsófia Patócsy 1490:Catherine Telegdi 1433:4. András Báthory 1226:Holy Roman Empire 931:Sigismund Rákóczi 898:Lala Mehmed Pasha 834: 833: 830: 829: 390:Michael the Brave 381:Pope Clement VIII 330:Sigismund Báthory 254:Sigismund Rákóczi 221:of the childless 172: 171: 68:Sigismund Rákóczi 16:(Redirected from 4627: 4600:1600s in Romania 4532:Preceded by 4505:Preceded by 4495: 4488: 4479:House of Báthory 4474:Gabriel Báthory 4470: 4469: 4465: 4456:Péter, Katalin. 4452: 4428: 4407: 4388: 4377:. 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Genealogy.EU. 4436: 4431: 4425: 4404: 4385: 4364: 4343: 4324: 4303: 4291:Báthory András 4282: 4262: 4243: 4224: 4207: 4202: 4194: 4190: 4182: 4178: 4170: 4166: 4158: 4151: 4143: 4139: 4131: 4127: 4119: 4115: 4107: 4098: 4090: 4086: 4078: 4071: 4063: 4059: 4051: 4040: 4032: 4025: 4017: 4013: 4005: 4001: 3993: 3989: 3981: 3968: 3960: 3956: 3948: 3944: 3936: 3932: 3924: 3915: 3907: 3900: 3892: 3885: 3877: 3873: 3865: 3858: 3850: 3841: 3833: 3829: 3821: 3817: 3809: 3805: 3797: 3793: 3785: 3781: 3773: 3764: 3756: 3752: 3744: 3735: 3727: 3723: 3715: 3711: 3703: 3699: 3691: 3684: 3676: 3672: 3664: 3660: 3652: 3648: 3640: 3636: 3628: 3624: 3616: 3612: 3604: 3600: 3592: 3588: 3580: 3576: 3568: 3564: 3556: 3552: 3544: 3540: 3532: 3528: 3520: 3511: 3503: 3499: 3491: 3482: 3474: 3470: 3462: 3458: 3450: 3443: 3435: 3428: 3420: 3416: 3408: 3404: 3396: 3392: 3384: 3377: 3369: 3365: 3357: 3350: 3342: 3338: 3330: 3326: 3318: 3309: 3301: 3297: 3289: 3285: 3277: 3273: 3265: 3261: 3253: 3240: 3232: 3228: 3220: 3211: 3203: 3194: 3186: 3182: 3174: 3170: 3162: 3153: 3145: 3132: 3124: 3120: 3112: 3108: 3100: 3087: 3079: 3075: 3067: 3063: 3055: 3046: 3038: 3034: 3026: 3022: 3014: 3010: 3002: 2998: 2990: 2983: 2975: 2971: 2963: 2959: 2951: 2947: 2939: 2932: 2924: 2917: 2909: 2905: 2897: 2888: 2880: 2871: 2863: 2856: 2848: 2844: 2836: 2827: 2819: 2815: 2807: 2803: 2795: 2791: 2783: 2779: 2771: 2764: 2756: 2752: 2744: 2740: 2732: 2728: 2720: 2713: 2705: 2701: 2693: 2689: 2681: 2677: 2669: 2665: 2657: 2648: 2640: 2636: 2628: 2624: 2616: 2612: 2604: 2600: 2592: 2588: 2580: 2576: 2568: 2564: 2556: 2552: 2544: 2537: 2529: 2525: 2517: 2510: 2502: 2498: 2490: 2486: 2478: 2474: 2466: 2462: 2454: 2447: 2439: 2435: 2427: 2420: 2412: 2408: 2400: 2396: 2388: 2384: 2376: 2369: 2361: 2357: 2349: 2340: 2332: 2328: 2320: 2316: 2308: 2304: 2296: 2292: 2284: 2280: 2272: 2268: 2260: 2256: 2248: 2241: 2233: 2226: 2218: 2211: 2203: 2199: 2191: 2184: 2176: 2167: 2163: 2146: 1984:Zsuzsanna Bebek 1879:6. György Bebek 1767:Gabriel Báthory 1543:Stephen Báthory 1381:Stephen Báthory 1323: 1315:Zsigmond Móricz 1262: 1222:Diet of Hungary 1132: 1093: 989: 984: 883: 870:Stephen Bocskai 843:Stephen Báthory 839: 837:In guardianship 818: 817: 816: 814: 810: 809: 808: 774: 773: 772: 770: 766: 765: 764: 746: 745: 744: 742: 738: 737: 736: 723: 722: 721: 710: 709: 708: 628: 627: 626: 621: 617: 616: 615: 599: 598: 597: 595: 591: 590: 589: 464: 463: 462: 458: 454: 453: 452: 410:king of Hungary 323:Stephen Báthory 299: 294: 286:Gabriel Bethlen 243:Habsburg Empire 223:Stephen Báthory 215:Stephen Báthory 213:). His father, 175:Gabriel Báthory 158:Zsuzsanna Bebek 149:Stephen Báthory 132: 119: 115: 114:27 October 1613 99: 93: 91: 78:Gabriel Bethlen 35:Gabriel Báthory 28: 23: 22: 18:Gabriel Báthori 15: 12: 11: 5: 4633: 4623: 4622: 4617: 4612: 4607: 4602: 4597: 4592: 4590:Báthory family 4587: 4582: 4577: 4572: 4556: 4555: 4550: 4547: 4538: 4533: 4529: 4528: 4523: 4520: 4511: 4506: 4502: 4501: 4500:Regnal titles 4497: 4496: 4487:15 August 1589 4476: 4473: 4467: 4466: 4464:. mek.oszk.hu. 4453: 4444: 4437: 4435: 4434:External links 4432: 4430: 4429: 4423: 4408: 4402: 4389: 4383: 4368: 4362: 4347: 4341: 4328: 4322: 4307: 4301: 4286: 4280: 4266: 4260: 4247: 4241: 4228: 4222: 4208: 4206: 4203: 4201: 4200: 4188: 4176: 4174:, p. 217. 4164: 4149: 4137: 4125: 4113: 4096: 4084: 4082:, p. 284. 4069: 4057: 4055:, p. 282. 4038: 4036:, p. 281. 4023: 4021:, p. 279. 4011: 4009:, p. 276. 3999: 3987: 3985:, p. 313. 3966: 3964:, p. 226. 3954: 3952:, p. 261. 3942: 3930: 3928:, p. 205. 3913: 3911:, p. 259. 3898: 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3149:, p. 307. 3130: 3128:, p. 140. 3118: 3116:, p. 145. 3106: 3104:, p. 161. 3085: 3083:, p. 135. 3073: 3071:, p. 124. 3061: 3059:, p. 306. 3044: 3042:, p. 127. 3032: 3030:, p. 126. 3020: 3008: 3006:, p. 105. 2996: 2994:, p. 104. 2981: 2979:, p. 103. 2969: 2957: 2955:, p. 101. 2945: 2943:, p. 160. 2930: 2915: 2903: 2901:, p. 305. 2886: 2869: 2854: 2842: 2825: 2813: 2801: 2789: 2777: 2775:, p. 304. 2762: 2750: 2738: 2726: 2711: 2709:, p. 159. 2699: 2687: 2675: 2663: 2646: 2634: 2622: 2620:, p. 289. 2610: 2598: 2596:, p. 156. 2586: 2574: 2562: 2550: 2548:, p. 154. 2535: 2523: 2521:, p. 297. 2508: 2496: 2484: 2472: 2460: 2458:, p. 142. 2445: 2433: 2418: 2416:, p. 295. 2406: 2394: 2392:, p. 188. 2382: 2380:, p. 187. 2367: 2355: 2353:, p. 139. 2338: 2336:, p. 294. 2326: 2324:, p. 265. 2314: 2302: 2290: 2278: 2266: 2264:, p. 261. 2254: 2239: 2224: 2209: 2197: 2195:, p. 204. 2182: 2164: 2162: 2159: 2143: 2142: 2139: 2138: 2136: 2134: 2132: 2130: 2128: 2126: 2124: 2122: 2120: 2118: 2116: 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1779: 1776: 1775: 1772: 1771: 1769: 1763: 1760: 1759: 1756: 1755: 1753: 1750: 1749: 1747: 1744: 1743: 1741: 1738: 1737: 1734: 1733: 1731: 1729: 1727: 1724: 1723: 1721: 1718: 1717: 1715: 1712: 1709: 1708: 1705: 1704: 1702: 1699: 1698: 1696: 1693: 1692: 1689: 1686: 1685: 1682: 1681: 1679: 1677: 1675: 1673: 1671: 1668: 1667: 1665: 1662: 1661: 1659: 1657:Margit Majláth 1653: 1650: 1649: 1646: 1645: 1643: 1640: 1639: 1637: 1634: 1633: 1631: 1628: 1627: 1624: 1623: 1621: 1619: 1617: 1614: 1613: 1611: 1608: 1607: 1605: 1602: 1599: 1598: 1595: 1594: 1592: 1589: 1588: 1586: 1583: 1582: 1579: 1576: 1575: 1572: 1571: 1569: 1567: 1565: 1563: 1561: 1559: 1557: 1554: 1553: 1551: 1548: 1547: 1545: 1540: 1537: 1536: 1533: 1532: 1530: 1527: 1526: 1524: 1521: 1520: 1518: 1515: 1514: 1511: 1510: 1508: 1506: 1504: 1501: 1500: 1498: 1495: 1494: 1492: 1486: 1483: 1482: 1479: 1478: 1476: 1473: 1472: 1470: 1467: 1466: 1464: 1461: 1460: 1457: 1456: 1454: 1452: 1450: 1448: 1446: 1443: 1442: 1440: 1437: 1436: 1434: 1431: 1428: 1427: 1424: 1423: 1421: 1418: 1417: 1415: 1412: 1411: 1409: 1406: 1405: 1402: 1401: 1399: 1397: 1395: 1392: 1391: 1389: 1386: 1385: 1383: 1377: 1374: 1373: 1370: 1369: 1367: 1364: 1363: 1361: 1358: 1357: 1354: 1352: 1350: 1348: 1346: 1344: 1342: 1340: 1338: 1331: 1330: 1324: 1322: 1319: 1261: 1258: 1131: 1128: 1092: 1089: 988: 985: 983: 980: 882: 879: 838: 835: 832: 831: 828: 826: 825: 802: 800: 799: 797: 795: 792: 790: 789: 787: 785: 783: 781: 757: 755: 753: 739:1562/1563–1599 729: 727: 716: 714: 702: 701: 699: 697: 695: 693: 691: 689: 687: 685: 683: 681: 678: 677: 675: 673: 671: 669: 667: 665: 663: 661: 659: 657: 655: 653: 651: 649: 647: 645: 643: 641: 638: 636: 635: 632:1571/1576–1586 608: 606: 582: 580: 578: 576: 574: 572: 570: 568: 566: 563: 561: 558: 557: 555: 553: 551: 549: 547: 545: 543: 541: 539: 537: 535: 533: 531: 529: 527: 525: 523: 520: 519: 517: 515: 513: 511: 509: 507: 505: 503: 501: 499: 497: 495: 493: 491: 489: 487: 485: 483: 481: 479: 477: 474: 472: 471: 445: 443: 441: 439: 437: 435: 433: 431: 429: 427: 420: 419: 408:(who was also 377:Andrew Báthory 365:Ottoman Empire 298: 295: 293: 290: 207:Ottoman Empire 195:Báthory family 193:branch of the 191:Roman Catholic 170: 169: 164: 160: 159: 156: 152: 151: 146: 142: 141: 138: 134: 133: 128: 126: 122: 121: 118:(aged 24) 112: 108: 107: 98:15 August 1589 89: 85: 84: 81: 80: 75: 71: 70: 65: 61: 60: 57: 53: 52: 46: 45: 37: 36: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4632: 4621: 4618: 4616: 4613: 4611: 4608: 4606: 4603: 4601: 4598: 4596: 4593: 4591: 4588: 4586: 4583: 4581: 4578: 4576: 4573: 4571: 4568: 4567: 4565: 4553: 4544: 4543: 4536: 4530: 4526: 4517: 4516: 4509: 4503: 4498: 4493: 4486: 4481: 4480: 4471: 4463: 4461: 4454: 4450: 4445: 4442: 4439: 4438: 4426: 4420: 4416: 4414: 4409: 4405: 4403:963-05-6703-2 4399: 4395: 4390: 4386: 4384:963-326-947-4 4380: 4376: 4374: 4369: 4365: 4363:963-547-085-1 4359: 4355: 4353: 4348: 4344: 4338: 4334: 4329: 4325: 4319: 4315: 4313: 4308: 4304: 4302:963-9336-51-3 4298: 4294: 4292: 4287: 4283: 4277: 4273: 4267: 4263: 4257: 4253: 4248: 4244: 4242:963-05-6703-2 4238: 4234: 4229: 4225: 4219: 4215: 4210: 4209: 4197: 4192: 4186:, p. 61. 4185: 4180: 4173: 4168: 4162:, p. 66. 4161: 4156: 4154: 4146: 4141: 4134: 4129: 4122: 4117: 4110: 4105: 4103: 4101: 4093: 4088: 4081: 4076: 4074: 4066: 4061: 4054: 4049: 4047: 4045: 4043: 4035: 4030: 4028: 4020: 4015: 4008: 4003: 3996: 3991: 3984: 3979: 3977: 3975: 3973: 3971: 3963: 3958: 3951: 3946: 3939: 3934: 3927: 3922: 3920: 3918: 3910: 3905: 3903: 3895: 3890: 3888: 3880: 3875: 3868: 3863: 3861: 3853: 3848: 3846: 3844: 3836: 3831: 3824: 3819: 3812: 3807: 3800: 3795: 3788: 3783: 3776: 3771: 3769: 3767: 3759: 3754: 3747: 3742: 3740: 3738: 3730: 3725: 3718: 3713: 3706: 3701: 3694: 3689: 3687: 3679: 3674: 3667: 3662: 3655: 3650: 3643: 3638: 3631: 3626: 3619: 3614: 3607: 3602: 3595: 3590: 3583: 3578: 3571: 3566: 3559: 3554: 3547: 3542: 3535: 3530: 3523: 3518: 3516: 3514: 3507:, p. 35. 3506: 3501: 3494: 3489: 3487: 3485: 3477: 3472: 3465: 3460: 3453: 3448: 3446: 3439:, p. 34. 3438: 3433: 3431: 3423: 3418: 3411: 3406: 3399: 3394: 3387: 3382: 3380: 3372: 3367: 3360: 3355: 3353: 3345: 3340: 3333: 3328: 3321: 3316: 3314: 3312: 3304: 3299: 3292: 3287: 3280: 3275: 3268: 3263: 3256: 3251: 3249: 3247: 3245: 3243: 3235: 3230: 3223: 3218: 3216: 3214: 3206: 3201: 3199: 3197: 3189: 3184: 3177: 3172: 3165: 3160: 3158: 3156: 3148: 3143: 3141: 3139: 3137: 3135: 3127: 3122: 3115: 3110: 3103: 3098: 3096: 3094: 3092: 3090: 3082: 3077: 3070: 3065: 3058: 3053: 3051: 3049: 3041: 3036: 3029: 3024: 3017: 3012: 3005: 3000: 2993: 2988: 2986: 2978: 2973: 2967:, p. 90. 2966: 2961: 2954: 2949: 2942: 2937: 2935: 2928:, p. 89. 2927: 2922: 2920: 2912: 2907: 2900: 2895: 2893: 2891: 2884:, p. 88. 2883: 2878: 2876: 2874: 2867:, p. 87. 2866: 2861: 2859: 2851: 2846: 2840:, p. 98. 2839: 2834: 2832: 2830: 2822: 2817: 2811:, p. 92. 2810: 2805: 2798: 2793: 2787:, p. 82. 2786: 2781: 2774: 2769: 2767: 2760:, p. 83. 2759: 2754: 2747: 2742: 2735: 2730: 2724:, p. 75. 2723: 2718: 2716: 2708: 2703: 2697:, p. 74. 2696: 2691: 2685:, p. 73. 2684: 2679: 2672: 2667: 2661:, p. 70. 2660: 2655: 2653: 2651: 2643: 2638: 2631: 2626: 2619: 2614: 2607: 2602: 2595: 2590: 2584:, p. 60. 2583: 2578: 2571: 2566: 2559: 2554: 2547: 2542: 2540: 2533:, p. 37. 2532: 2527: 2520: 2515: 2513: 2506:, p. 37. 2505: 2500: 2493: 2488: 2481: 2476: 2470:, p. 26. 2469: 2464: 2457: 2452: 2450: 2442: 2437: 2431:, p. 25. 2430: 2425: 2423: 2415: 2410: 2404:, p. 27. 2403: 2398: 2391: 2386: 2379: 2374: 2372: 2365:, p. 24. 2364: 2359: 2352: 2347: 2345: 2343: 2335: 2330: 2323: 2318: 2311: 2306: 2299: 2294: 2287: 2282: 2275: 2270: 2263: 2258: 2251: 2246: 2244: 2237:, p. 14. 2236: 2231: 2229: 2222:, p. 13. 2221: 2216: 2214: 2206: 2201: 2194: 2189: 2187: 2180:, p. 11. 2179: 2174: 2172: 2170: 2165: 2158: 2156: 2152: 2137: 2135: 2133: 2131: 2129: 2127: 2125: 2123: 2121: 2119: 2117: 2115: 2113: 2111: 2109: 2107: 2105: 2104: 2101: 2099: 2098: 2090: 2089: 2086: 2085: 2080: 2079: 2074: 2073: 2068: 2067: 2064: 2063: 2054: 2053: 2048: 2047: 2040: 2039: 2036: 2035: 2030: 2029: 2024: 2023: 2018: 2017: 2014: 2013: 1996: 1995: 1990: 1989: 1981: 1980: 1977: 1976: 1971: 1970: 1965: 1964: 1959: 1958: 1955: 1954: 1945: 1944: 1939: 1938: 1931: 1930: 1927: 1926: 1921: 1920: 1915: 1914: 1909: 1908: 1905: 1904: 1891: 1890: 1885: 1884: 1876: 1875: 1872: 1871: 1866: 1865: 1860: 1859: 1854: 1853: 1850: 1849: 1840: 1839: 1834: 1833: 1826: 1825: 1822: 1821: 1816: 1815: 1810: 1809: 1804: 1803: 1800: 1799: 1778: 1777: 1774: 1773: 1768: 1762: 1761: 1758: 1757: 1752: 1751: 1746: 1745: 1740: 1739: 1736: 1735: 1726: 1725: 1720: 1719: 1711: 1710: 1707: 1706: 1701: 1700: 1695: 1694: 1688: 1687: 1684: 1683: 1670: 1669: 1664: 1663: 1658: 1652: 1651: 1648: 1647: 1642: 1641: 1636: 1635: 1630: 1629: 1626: 1625: 1616: 1615: 1610: 1609: 1601: 1600: 1597: 1596: 1591: 1590: 1585: 1584: 1578: 1577: 1574: 1573: 1556: 1555: 1550: 1549: 1544: 1539: 1538: 1535: 1534: 1529: 1528: 1523: 1522: 1517: 1516: 1513: 1512: 1503: 1502: 1497: 1496: 1491: 1485: 1484: 1481: 1480: 1475: 1474: 1469: 1468: 1463: 1462: 1459: 1458: 1445: 1444: 1439: 1438: 1430: 1429: 1426: 1425: 1420: 1419: 1414: 1413: 1408: 1407: 1404: 1403: 1394: 1393: 1388: 1387: 1382: 1376: 1375: 1372: 1371: 1366: 1365: 1360: 1359: 1353: 1337: 1336: 1333: 1332: 1328: 1327: 1318: 1316: 1311: 1305: 1303: 1299: 1293: 1291: 1287: 1286:Canibek Giray 1282: 1279: 1271: 1266: 1257: 1255: 1251: 1245: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1229: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1213: 1209: 1207: 1203: 1198: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1176: 1174: 1170: 1165: 1160: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1145: 1136: 1127: 1124: 1120: 1119:György Thurzó 1117: 1112: 1110: 1105: 1102: 1098: 1088: 1084: 1082: 1081: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1067:Sublime Porte 1063: 1061: 1056: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1040:Michael Weiss 1037: 1033: 1029: 1024: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1001: 997: 996:Michael Weiss 993: 987:Consolidation 979: 977: 973: 968: 965: 961: 955: 952: 947: 942: 940: 936: 932: 928: 918: 914: 912: 908: 907:János Imreffy 904: 903:Mihály Káthay 899: 896: 892: 891:Upper Hungary 888: 881:Rise to power 878: 875: 871: 866: 864: 860: 856: 852: 848: 844: 827: 821: 807: 803: 801: 793: 791: 777: 763: 762: 749: 735: 734: 720: 707: 703: 700: 692: 690: 682: 680: 679: 662: 650: 648: 644: 642: 639: 637: 631: 625: 614: 613: 602: 588: 587: 559: 556: 548: 546: 524: 522: 521: 516: 502: 500: 484: 482: 475: 473: 467: 461: 451: 450: 425: 422: 421: 417: 416: 413: 411: 407: 403: 399: 395: 391: 385: 382: 378: 374: 370: 366: 362: 357: 355: 351: 348:(that is the 347: 346:Three Nations 341: 340:in Romania). 339: 335: 331: 328: 324: 320: 312: 308: 305:Ruins of the 303: 289: 287: 283: 279: 275: 271: 267: 263: 262:Sublime Porte 259: 255: 251: 246: 244: 240: 239:Royal Hungary 236: 232: 228: 224: 220: 216: 212: 208: 204: 200: 196: 192: 188: 184: 183:Báthory Gábor 180: 176: 168: 165: 161: 157: 153: 150: 147: 143: 139: 135: 131: 127: 123: 113: 109: 106: 102: 90: 86: 82: 79: 76: 72: 69: 66: 62: 58: 54: 51: 47: 43: 38: 33: 30: 19: 4540: 4513: 4491: 4484: 4477: 4459: 4415: 4412: 4393: 4375: 4372: 4354: 4351: 4332: 4314: 4311: 4293: 4290: 4271: 4251: 4232: 4213: 4191: 4179: 4167: 4140: 4128: 4123:, p. 6. 4116: 4111:, p. 5. 4087: 4060: 4014: 4002: 3990: 3957: 3945: 3933: 3874: 3830: 3818: 3806: 3794: 3782: 3753: 3724: 3712: 3700: 3673: 3661: 3649: 3637: 3625: 3613: 3601: 3589: 3577: 3565: 3553: 3541: 3529: 3505:Felezeu 2009 3500: 3471: 3459: 3437:Felezeu 2009 3417: 3405: 3393: 3366: 3339: 3327: 3298: 3286: 3274: 3262: 3229: 3183: 3171: 3121: 3109: 3076: 3064: 3035: 3023: 3011: 2999: 2972: 2960: 2948: 2906: 2845: 2816: 2804: 2792: 2780: 2753: 2741: 2729: 2702: 2690: 2678: 2666: 2637: 2625: 2613: 2601: 2589: 2577: 2565: 2553: 2531:Felezeu 2009 2526: 2499: 2487: 2475: 2463: 2436: 2409: 2397: 2385: 2358: 2329: 2317: 2305: 2293: 2286:Felezeu 2009 2281: 2269: 2257: 2200: 2147: 1766: 1306: 1294: 1283: 1275: 1246: 1233:András Géczi 1230: 1214: 1210: 1177: 1173:"Deli Kiral" 1172: 1161: 1141: 1114:Gabriel met 1113: 1109:Tamás Borsos 1106: 1097:István Kendi 1094: 1085: 1078: 1064: 1060:Sardanapalus 1025: 1021:Bihar County 1005: 969: 956: 943: 923: 884: 867: 840: 819: 805: 775: 760: 747: 732: 629: 611: 600: 585: 465: 448: 386: 363:against the 358: 342: 316: 247: 203:vassal state 174: 173: 116:(1613-10-27) 29: 4585:1613 deaths 4580:1589 births 4552:Radu Mihnea 4535:Radu Şerban 2310:Dörner 2009 2274:Dörner 2009 1298:Pece Stream 1268:Várad (now 1254:Nasuh Pasha 1192:Radu Mihnea 1036:Radu Șerban 1002:in Romania) 976:Cluj-Napoca 939:János Petki 911:Simon Péchi 586:Christopher 313:in Romania) 266:Matthias II 225:, from the 64:Predecessor 4564:Categories 4519:1608–1613 4145:Markó 2000 4092:Péter 1994 3983:Barta 1994 3926:Szabó 2012 3879:Péter 1994 3852:Péter 1994 3835:Péter 1994 3799:Barta 1994 3775:Péter 1994 3493:Péter 1994 3422:Andea 2009 3255:Péter 1994 3205:Péter 1994 3188:Andea 2009 3176:Barta 1994 3147:Péter 1994 3057:Péter 1994 2899:Péter 1994 2773:Péter 1994 2519:Barta 1994 2441:Barta 1994 2414:Barta 1994 2334:Barta 1994 2322:Barta 1994 2298:Barta 1994 2262:Barta 1994 2193:Szabó 2012 2161:References 2155:witchcraft 2151:incestuous 1278:Bratislava 1206:Burzenland 1164:Târgoviște 1153:Alba Iulia 1123:Craidorolț 1013:Böszörmény 874:Sárospatak 863:Unitarians 292:Early life 227:Protestant 94:1589-08-15 4335:. Brill. 4196:Nagy 1988 4184:Nagy 1988 4172:Nagy 1988 4160:Nagy 1988 4133:Horn 2002 4121:Nagy 1988 4109:Nagy 1988 4080:Nagy 1988 4065:Nagy 1988 4053:Nagy 1988 4034:Nagy 1988 4019:Nagy 1988 4007:Nagy 1988 3995:Nagy 1988 3962:Nagy 1988 3950:Nagy 1988 3938:Nagy 1988 3909:Nagy 1988 3894:Nagy 1988 3867:Nagy 1988 3823:Nagy 1988 3811:Nagy 1988 3787:Nagy 1988 3758:Nagy 1988 3746:Nagy 1988 3729:Nagy 1988 3717:Nagy 1988 3705:Nagy 1988 3693:Nagy 1988 3678:Nagy 1988 3666:Nagy 1988 3654:Nagy 1988 3642:Nagy 1988 3630:Nagy 1988 3618:Nagy 1988 3606:Nagy 1988 3594:Nagy 1988 3582:Jakó 2009 3570:Nagy 1988 3558:Nagy 1988 3546:Nagy 1988 3534:Nagy 1988 3522:Nagy 1988 3476:Nagy 1988 3464:Jakó 2009 3452:Nagy 1988 3410:Keul 2009 3398:Nagy 1988 3386:Nagy 1988 3371:Nagy 1988 3359:Nagy 1988 3344:Nagy 1988 3332:Nagy 1988 3320:Nagy 1988 3303:Nagy 1988 3291:Nagy 1988 3279:Nagy 1988 3267:Nagy 1988 3234:Nagy 1988 3222:Nagy 1988 3164:Nagy 1988 3126:Nagy 1988 3114:Nagy 1988 3102:Keul 2009 3081:Nagy 1988 3069:Jakó 2009 3040:Nagy 1988 3028:Nagy 1988 3016:Nagy 1988 3004:Nagy 1988 2992:Nagy 1988 2977:Nagy 1988 2965:Nagy 1988 2953:Nagy 1988 2941:Keul 2009 2926:Nagy 1988 2911:Nagy 1988 2882:Nagy 1988 2865:Nagy 1988 2850:Nagy 1988 2838:Nagy 1988 2821:Keul 2009 2809:Nagy 1988 2797:Nagy 1988 2785:Nagy 1988 2758:Nagy 1988 2746:Nagy 1988 2734:Nagy 1988 2722:Nagy 1988 2707:Keul 2009 2695:Nagy 1988 2683:Nagy 1988 2671:Nagy 1988 2659:Nagy 1988 2642:Keul 2009 2630:Nagy 1988 2618:Nagy 1988 2606:Nagy 1988 2594:Keul 2009 2582:Nagy 1988 2570:Nagy 1988 2558:Nagy 1988 2546:Keul 2009 2504:Nagy 1988 2492:Nagy 1988 2480:Nagy 1988 2468:Nagy 1988 2456:Keul 2009 2429:Nagy 1988 2402:Nagy 1988 2390:Horn 2002 2378:Horn 2002 2363:Nagy 1988 2351:Keul 2009 2250:Keul 2009 2235:Nagy 1988 2220:Nagy 1988 2205:Nagy 1988 2178:Nagy 1988 2157:in 1614. 1302:Nyírbátor 1188:Timișoara 1130:Conflicts 1028:Wallachia 1017:Nagykálló 859:Nagyecsed 822:1608–1613 811:1589–1613 767:1573–1613 761:Sigismund 724:1560–1594 719:Balthasar 711:1553–1601 618:1533–1586 603:1576–1581 592:1530–1581 468:1530–1534 455:1477–1534 369:Balthasar 297:Childhood 278:Wallachia 231:Calvinism 179:Hungarian 167:Calvinism 130:Nyírbátor 74:Successor 59:1608–1613 1184:Temesvár 1080:ahidnâme 1071:Matthias 1032:Moldavia 851:Szabolcs 622:Voivode/ 354:Székelys 235:guardian 163:Religion 4205:Sources 1250:Kanizsa 1197:Cossack 1169:Ahmed I 1009:Făgăraș 951:Jesuits 887:Partium 847:Szatmár 806:Gabriel 706:Stephen 612:Stephen 449:Stephen 406:Rudolph 282:Ahmed I 205:of the 4490: 4460:Hajdús 4421: 4400: 4381: 4360: 4339: 4320: 4299: 4278: 4258: 4239: 4220: 1321:Family 1270:Oradea 1048:Brașov 1000:Brașov 964:Ináncs 733:Andrew 565:Andrew 319:Oradea 250:Hajdús 155:Mother 145:Father 137:Spouse 125:Burial 4546:1611 4492:Died: 4485:Born: 1218:Tokaj 1186:(now 1144:Sibiu 982:Reign 309:(now 274:Sibiu 101:Várad 56:Reign 4419:ISBN 4398:ISBN 4379:ISBN 4358:ISBN 4337:ISBN 4318:ISBN 4297:ISBN 4276:ISBN 4256:ISBN 4237:ISBN 4218:ISBN 1260:Fall 1202:Nero 1182:and 1180:Buda 1030:and 889:and 853:and 750:1599 373:Anna 219:ward 111:Died 88:Born 1765:1. 1655:5. 1488:9. 1379:8. 1101:Sic 356:). 201:(a 4566:: 4152:^ 4099:^ 4072:^ 4041:^ 4026:^ 3969:^ 3916:^ 3901:^ 3886:^ 3859:^ 3842:^ 3765:^ 3736:^ 3685:^ 3512:^ 3483:^ 3444:^ 3429:^ 3378:^ 3351:^ 3310:^ 3241:^ 3212:^ 3195:^ 3154:^ 3133:^ 3088:^ 3047:^ 2984:^ 2933:^ 2918:^ 2889:^ 2872:^ 2857:^ 2828:^ 2765:^ 2714:^ 2649:^ 2538:^ 2511:^ 2448:^ 2421:^ 2370:^ 2341:^ 2242:^ 2227:^ 2212:^ 2185:^ 2168:^ 1288:, 849:, 820:r. 776:r. 748:r. 630:r. 601:r. 466:r. 404:, 392:, 181:: 103:, 4462:" 4427:. 4406:. 4387:. 4366:. 4345:. 4326:. 4305:. 4284:. 4264:. 4245:. 4226:. 177:( 96:) 92:( 20:)

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Index