Galveston, Texas - Knowledge

1172:, came to the city during this period. This immigration trend substantially altered the ethnic makeup of the island, as well as many other areas of Texas and the western U.S. Unfortunately, just as the island was starting to recover from the devastation caused by the first flood, a second one struck in August, 1915, thanks to a major hurricane that originated in the central Atlantic, tore through the Caribbean, and then left a long trail of destruction across the Gulf of Mexico before it dissipated in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, nearly three weeks later. While the newly constructed seawall spared the island the worst, over 400 Galvestonians died, and damages totaled $ 30 billion USD, equivalent to $ 903 billion in 2023. Thus, in less than a single generation Galveston went from being Texas' most populous (and most important) city to being a tragic footnote to a century of frontier violence, urban lawlessness and civic greed, throughout the state. Apart from reducing Galveston to rubble, the one-two punch that nature dealt the island stiffened the spines of those who survived. As Gary Cartwright observes (see fn 40), residents prided themselves on having stayed behind, though it meant being marooned for decades. They became cynical, hard-boiled, and had no use for outsiders (including Texans, and those who fled to the comparative safety of East Texas) who either pitied or prayed for them. Indifference may have masked anxiety, but it enabled those who committed themselves to Galveston to endure their fate with a measure of dignity, even when they were forced to compromise with conventional morality in order to do so. Thus Galveston became a unique port of call, even as automobile travel became ubiquitous, and ended its isolation from the rest of the region. Galveston has a worldview all its own, as if the Zeitgeist had decided to linger awhile, so that past and present might become one, and the forgotten boom town that went bust, not once but twice, might yet be resurrected, lifting the burden of history while daring fate. 4384: 1583:

treasure the plant for its low water needs, tolerance of heat, salt spray and sandy soils. This makes them especially resistant to the after-effects of hurricanes and tropical storms. Galveston is reputed to have the most diverse range of Oleander cultivars in the world, numbering over 100, with many varieties developed in the city and named after prominent Galvestonians. In 2005 the month of May was declared "Oleander Month" by the City of Galveston and there are also Oleander-themed tours of the city exploring the history of the plant on the island. Since 1967 the International Oleander Society has operated in Galveston, which promotes the cultivation of the plant, organizes an Oleander festival every spring and maintains a commemorative Oleander garden in the city.

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along the back bay on the north side of the island. He assigned numbers to names of north–south streets, with First Street on the far eastern side of the grid, and the numbered street names increased as they progressed westward. The names of some of the avenues changed over the years. Most notably, Avenue B became known as The Strand, and Avenue J became known as Broadway, a major thoroughfare which runs from the Interstate-45 viaduct to Seawall Boulevard.

3875: 1592: 4117: 12257: 5248: 5235: 3862: 4610: 13524: 5268: 814:. During his charting of the Gulf Coast in 1785, the Spanish explorer José de Evia labeled the water features surrounding the island "Bd. de Galvestown" and "Bahia de Galvestowm" . He was working under the orders of Bernardo de Gálvez. In his early chart, he calls the western end of the island "Isla de San Luis" and the eastern end "Pt. de Culebras". Evia did not label the island itself on his map of 1799. Just five years later 12325: 4620: 5222: 5209: 16394: 3579: 1513: 4600: 4590: 4580: 1772:, up to 104 °F (40 °C) on September 5, 2000; the record cold maximum is 25 °F (−4 °C) on February 7, 1895, and again on the date of the all-time low, while, conversely, the record warm minimum is 87 °F (31 °C) set on August 31 – September 3, 2020. On average, the warmest night is at 84 °F (29 °C), seldom straying far from averages. 4570: 1480: 3562:, with headquarters in downtown Galveston, is one of the largest privately owned Texas-based banks. Its trust department, established in 1927, administers over 12 billion dollars in assets, one of the largest in the state. In addition, the regional headquarters of Iowa-based United Fire & Casualty Company are located in the city. 1012:, helped to dramatically improve educational and employment opportunities for blacks in Galveston and in Texas. Cuney established his own business of stevedores and a union of black dockworkers to break the white monopoly on dock jobs. Galveston was a cosmopolitan city and one of the more successful during Reconstruction; the 1764:

making the 1894–95 winter the snowiest on record. Annual rainfall averages well over 40 inches (1,000 mm) a year with some areas typically receiving over 50 inches (1,300 mm). Temperatures reaching 20 °F (−7 °C) or 100 °F (38 °C) are quite rare, having last occurred on December 23, 1989, and

1211:, which offered entertainment to wealthy Houstonians and other out-of-towners. Combined with prostitution, which had existed in the city since the Civil War, Galveston became known as the "sin city" of the Gulf. Galvestonians accepted and supported the illegal activities, often referring to their island as the " 3942:

in population. The Galveston County Justice Center, which houses all the county's judicial functions as well as jail, is located on 59th street. The Galveston County Administrative Courthouse, the seat of civil and administrative functions, is located near the city's downtown. Galveston is within the

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Galveston Artist Residency (GAR) grants studio space, living space and a stipend to three visual artists each year. Resident artists work in a variety of mediums and exhibit their work in the GAR Gallery and Courtyards. Located in renovated industrial structures on the west side of downtown, GAR also

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itself created an insurmountable problem: passive erosion resulting in the gradual disappearance of the once-wide beach and the resort business with it. "Within twenty years, the city had lost one hundred yards of sand. People who once watched auto racing on a wide beach were left with a narrow strip

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John D. Groesbeck surveyed and mapped the town in 1837 and 1838 on behalf of the Galveston City Company. A new Galveston resident most recently from New York City, he laid out the streets based on a gridiron, and named the east–west avenues according to letters of the alphabet, with Avenue A running

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In 2011, the UT Board of Regents approved the construction of a new 13 story hospital that will be located next to John Sealy Hospital. Construction will begin in the fall of 2011, with the demolition of the old Jennie Sealy and Shriners hospitals, and continue until completion in 2016. The facility

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In the city, the population was 23.4% under the age of 13, 11.3% from 13 to 24, 29.8% from 25 to 44, 21.8% from 45 to 88, and 13.7% who were 89 years of age or older in 2010. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.4 males. For every 100 females age 13 and over, there were

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even higher, while nighttime lows average around 80 °F (27 °C). Winters in the area are temperate with typical January highs above 60 °F (16 °C) and lows near 50 °F (10 °C). Snowfall is generally rare; however, 15.4 in (39.1 cm) of snow fell in February 1895,

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borrowed the place names Isla de San Luis, Pte. De Culebras, and Bahia de Galveston. Stephen F. Austin followed his predecessors in the use of "San Luis Island", but introduced "Galveston" to refer to the little village at the east end of the island. Evidence of the name Galveston Island appears on

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Under Property Manager/Creative Director Becky Major, the unused retail space in the front of the building found a new purpose as a DIY art and music venue, despite its gutted and undeveloped state. In May 2015, the newly renovated space reopened as the Proletariat Gallery & Public House. This

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terminal switching railroad that primarily serves the transportation of cargo to and from the Port of Galveston. The railway operates 32 miles (51 km) of yard track at Galveston, over a 50-acre (200,000 m) facility. The Galveston Railroad today owned Rail Link Inc. interchanges with the

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ArtWalk takes place approximately every six weeks on Saturday evenings throughout the year. ArtWalk is organized by Galveston Arts Center, which releases an ArtWalk brochure featuring a map of participating venues as well as descriptions of shows and exhibits. Venues include GAC, Galveston Artist

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Incorporated in 1986, Galveston Arts Center (GAC) is a non-profit, non-collecting arts organization. The center exhibits contemporary art, often by Texas-based artists, and offers educational and outreach programs. Notably, GAC organizes and produces Galveston ArtWalk. Museum entry is free to the

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living together, 14.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 46.0% were non-families. 36.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 3.02.

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Official records for Galveston were kept at an unknown location from April 1871 to August 1946, at the COOP station from September 1946 to December 1996, and at Scholes Int'l since January 1997. The temperature record dates back to June 1874. Therefore, precipitation day normals are not currently

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are generally at the greatest risk among the communities near the Galveston Bay. However, though the island and peninsula provide some shielding, the bay shoreline still faces significant danger from storm surge. Talks of building a coastal storm barrier with a mix of federal and state funding to

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evergreen shrub which thrives on the island. Oleanders are a defining feature of the city; when flowering (between April and October) they add masses of color to local gardens, parks, and streets. Thousands were planted in the recovery following the Hurricane of 1900 and Galvestonians continue to

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The western portion of Galveston is referred to as the "West End", roughly corresponding to the area west of the western end of the seawall. Communities in eastern Galveston (the area east of the western end of the seawall) include Havre Lafitte, Offats Bayou, Central City, Fort Crockett, Bayou

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developed property featuring twenty-seven live/work units designated as affordable housing for artists. The project brought new life to the historic E.S. Levy Building, which was left abandoned for twenty years. Originally built as the Tremont Opera House in 1870, the structure was extensively

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released a study, "Atlas of Sustainable Strategies for Galveston Island", which argued the West End of Galveston was quickly eroding and the city should reduce construction and/or population in that area. It recommended against any rebuilding of the West End in the event of damage from another

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The island's economy began a long stagnation. Many businesses relocated off the island during this period, but health care, insurance, and financial industries continue to be strong contributors to the economy. By 1959, the city of Houston had long outpaced Galveston in population and economic

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After the Civil War, Galveston mandated street improvements and construction standards. The city required property owners facing commercial streets to construct and maintain sidewalks of wooden planks or bricks, or pay an assessment to the city for the construction of the same. During the same

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Galveston Arts Center is located in the historic 1878 First National Bank Building on the Strand. This Italianate-style 1900 Storm survivor was extensively damaged during Hurricane Ike in 2008, forcing the center to temporarily relocate to a nearby facility on Market Street. After a lengthy

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as transportation to take them to and from residential houses, the Galveston Island Country Club, and stores. In 2009, Chief of Police Charles Wiley said he believed golf carts should be prohibited outside golf courses, and West End residents campaigned against any ban on their use.

4229:, the University employed more than 12,000 people. Its significant growth in the 1970s and 1980s was attributable to a uniquely qualified management and medical faculty including: Mr. John Thompson; Dr. William James McGanity, Dr. William Levin, Dr. David Daeschner and many more. 2687:

Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year) calculated based on data at said thread from 1991 to 2020, i.e. the COOP station from January 1981 to December 1996, and Scholes Int'l from January 1997 to December

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The Galveston Ballet is a regional pre-professional ballet company and academy serving Galveston county. The company presents one full-length classical ballet in the spring of each year and one mixed repertory program in the fall, both presented at the Grand 1894 Opera House.

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Residency and artist's studios and galleries. Additionally, art is shown in "other walls"—for example MOD Coffeehouse or Mosquito Cafe—or outdoors at Art Market on Market Street. Musicians perform outdoors and at venues such as the Proletariat Gallery & Public House or

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home, was constructed in 1859 by James Moreau Brown. One of the first brick structures in Texas, it is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is a recorded Texas Historic Landmark. The structure is also the site of what was to become the holiday known as

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of biomedical sciences, as well as three institutes for advanced studies & medical humanities, a major medical library, seven hospitals, a network of clinics that provide a full range of primary and specialized medical care, and numerous research facilities.

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began a massive campaign of raids that disrupted gambling and prostitution in the city. As these vice industries crashed, so did tourism, taking the rest of the Galveston economy with it. Neither the economy nor the culture of the city was the same afterward.

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The Galveston County Sheriff's Office operates its law enforcement headquarters and jail from the Justice Center. The Galveston County Department of Parks and Senior Services operates the Galveston Community Center. Galveston is located in District 23 of the

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Gulf coast near the mainland coast. Made up of mostly sand-sized particles and smaller amounts of finer mud sediments and larger gravel-sized sediments, the island is unstable, affected by water and weather, and can shift its boundaries through erosion.

8368: 4435:) is a two-runway airport in Galveston; the airport is primarily used for general aviation, offshore energy transportation, and some limited military operations. The nearest commercial airline service for the city is operated out of Houston through 1242:, to benefit "present and future generations of Texans". The foundation, one of the largest in the United States, would play a prominent role in Galveston during later decades, helping to fund numerous civic and health-oriented programs. 4464:

Union Pacific Railroad Company and BNSF Railway Company on Galveston Island. The two class one Railroads reach Galveston by way of a new vertical lift railroad causeway bridge that crosses Galveston Bay next to the Interstate-45 bridge.

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to cut nearly one-third of the hospital staff. Since the storm, the regents have committed to spending $ 713 million to restore the campus, construct new medical towers, and return John Sealy Hospital to its 550-bed pre-storm capacity.

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Galveston contains a large and historically significant collection of 19th-century buildings in the United States. Galveston's architectural preservation and revitalization efforts over several decades have earned national recognition.

1556:. It is widely considered the island's shopping and entertainment center. Today, "the Strand" is generally used to refer to the five-block business district between 20th and 25th streets in downtown Galveston, near the city's wharf. 1175:

Though the storms stalled economic development and the city of Houston developed as the region's principal metropolis, Galveston economic leaders recognized the need to diversify from the traditional port-related industries. In 1905

94: 1453:, the city has an area of 211.31 square miles (547.29 km), of which 41.04 square miles (106.29 km) are land and 170.27 square miles (441.00 km), or 80.31%, are water. The island is 50 miles (80 km) southeast of 10877: 4352:

operates several post offices in Galveston, including the Galveston Main Post Office and the Bob Lyons Post Office Station. In addition the post office has a contract postal unit at the Medical Branch Unit on the campus of the

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Galveston is home to six historic districts with over 60 structures listed representing architectural significance in the National Register of Historic Places. The Silk Stocking National Historic District, between Broadway and

3593:. Galveston is a popular tourist destination which in 2007 brought $ 808 million to the local economy and attracted 5.4 million visitors. The city features an array of lodging options, including hotels such as the historic 1016:

was headquartered here. German families sheltered teachers from the North, and hundreds of freedmen were taught to read. Its business community promoted progress, and immigrants stayed after arriving at this port of entry.

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In the 2000s, property values rose after expensive projects were completed, and demand for second homes by the wealthy increased. It has made it difficult for middle-class workers to find affordable housing on the island.

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and several associates purchased 4,605 acres (18.64 km) of land for $ 50,000 to found the town that would become the modern city of Galveston. As Anglo-Americans migrated to the city, they brought along or purchased

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With the 1960s came the expansion of higher education in Galveston. Already home to the University of Texas Medical Branch, the city got a boost in 1962 with the creation of the Texas Maritime Academy, predecessor of

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form of government. Galveston's city council serves as the city's legislative branch, while the city manager works as the chief executive officer, and the municipal court system serves as the city's judicial branch.

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The Galveston Summer Musicals was a professional summer stock theater company performing at Galveston's Moody Gardens. Prior to 2004, they performed at the Mary Moody Northen Amphitheater in West Galveston Island.

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of the United States Navy, visited Galveston. During the festivities, the ship's officers were presented with a $ 5,000 silver service, adorned with various Texas motifs, as a gift from the state's citizens.

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renovated to serve various functions, from offices and stores to the National Hotel. The building also housed the U.S. National Weather Bureau's Galveston office under Isaac Cline during the 1900 Storm.

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Despite attempts to draw investment to the city after the hurricane, Galveston never returned to its levels of national importance or prosperity. Development was also hindered by the construction of the

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who settled in Galveston in 1842 and represented it in the Senate of the Second Texas Legislature in 1847 and assisted in drawing up the Constitution of 1845 was another. He was also the grandson of

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Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.

1028:. Throughout the 19th century, the port city of Galveston grew rapidly and the Strand was considered the region's primary business center. For a time, the Strand was known as the "Wall Street of the 1727:), San Luis Resort South and North Towers, The Breakers Condominiums, The Galvestonian Resort and Condos, One Shearn Moody Plaza, US National Bank Building, the Rainforest Pyramid at Moody Gardens, 4276:

hospitals, that provides acute burns care. Although the Galveston Hospital was damaged by Hurricane Ike, the Shriners national convention held in July 2009 voted to repair and reopen the hospital.

8284: 8943: 891:, including Jewish merchants. Together with ethnic Mexican residents, these groups tended to oppose slavery, support the Union during the Civil War, and join the Republican Party after the war. 3344:

90.4 males. The median income for a household in the city was $ 28,895, and the median income for a family was $ 35,049. Males had a median income of $ 30,150 versus $ 26,030 for females. The

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made landfall on Galveston Island in the early morning of September 13, 2008, as a category-2 hurricane with winds of 110 miles per hour. Damage was extensive to buildings along the seawall.

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bar and gallery provides a common area for NHAL and neighborhood residents and a cultural hub for the broader community. Visual art, events and live music are regularly hosted in the space.

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Galveston is home to the Galveston Symphony Orchestra, an ensemble of amateur and professional musicians formed in 1979 under the direction of Richard W. Pickar, Musical Director-Conductor.

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died at Galveston in 1899 while touring with his theatre company and was initially entombed there until his body was washed out to sea in the 1900 hurricane. Portrait and landscape artist

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will have 250 room, 20 operating suites and 54 intensive care beds. When the new hospital is complete, along with the renovations at John Sealy, both complexes will have around 600 beds.

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not affiliated with local school districts, including kindergarten through 8th grade Ambassadors Preparatory Academy and pre-kindergarten through 8th Grade Odyssey Academy. In addition

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During this expansion, the city had many "firsts" in the state, with the founding of institutions and adoption of inventions: post office (1836), naval base (1836), Texas chapter of a

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was 1,159 people per square mile (447 people/km). There were 32,368 dwelling units at an average density of 786 per square mile (303/km). The racial makeup of the city was 62.5%

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boss, with the help of his family, was largely responsible for making Galveston a major U.S. tourist destination from the 1920s to the 1940s. Grammy-award-winning singer-songwriter

833:. Lafitte organized Galveston into a pirate "kingdom" he called "Campeche", anointing himself the island's "head of government". Lafitte remained in Galveston until 1821, when the 9423: 9489: 4320:, successor to the Galveston Mercantile Library, which was founded in 1871. It is the oldest public library in the State of Texas. The library also serves as headquarters of the 4333: 11611: 11461: 985:

with numerous "firsts": construction of the opera house (1870), and orphanage (1876), and installation of telephone lines (1878) and electric lights (1883). Having attracted

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The city council and mayor promote ordinances to establish municipal policies. The Galveston City Council consists of six elected positions, each derived from a specified

3369:, also called Galveston Wharves, began as a trading post in 1825. Today, the port has grown to 850 acres (3.4 km) of port facilities. The port is located on the Gulf 124: 9756: 4760:

moved from Galveston the day before the 1900 hurricane. While he survived, his studio and much of his portfolio were destroyed. Another survivor of the hurricane was the

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After the storm, the island was rebuilt with investments in tourism and shipping, and continued emphasis on higher education and health care, notably the addition of the

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is still ranked today as the deadliest in United States history, with an estimated death toll between 6,000 and 12,000 people. The city subsequently reemerged during the

1078:. The city was devastated, and an estimated 6,000 to 8,000 people on the island were killed. Following the storm, a 10-mile (16 km) long, 17 foot (5.2 m) high 8512: 7190: 6659: 7110: 1461:

Shore, Lasker Park, Carver Park, Kempner Park, Old City/Central Business District, San Jacinto, East End, and Lindale. As of 2009 many residents of the west end use

4825:, pioneering female sports journalist who was the first woman allowed in a major league locker room for a post-game press conference, was born in Galveston. Surfer 1669:

style. In 1880, the house was bought by Edwin N. Ketchum who was police chief of the city during the 1900 Storm. The Ketchum family owned the home until the 1970s.

12246: 7229: 16456: 8969: 8574: 4273: 7633: 16446: 13031: 11219: 11127: 8634: 4863:, part of the Maceo bloodline, established the Landry's Restaurants corporation, which owns numerous restaurants and entertainment venues in Texas and Nevada. 3542:, one of the largest life insurance companies in the United States, is based in Galveston. The company and its subsidiaries operate in all 50 U.S. states, the 5749: 1638:, also known as Gresham's Castle, is an ornate Victorian house located on Broadway and 14th Street in the East End Historic District of Galveston, Texas. The 10237: 8535: 4188:

signed on the air as KGUL-TV on March 23, 1953. Originally licensed in Galveston, KGUL was the second television station to launch in the Houston area after

4104: 11109: 7312: 5358: 4408:, both berthed at Seawolf Park on nearby Pelican Island. Galveston is ranked the number one cruise port on the Gulf Coast and fourth in the United States. 6268: 1748: 17561: 9206: 8292: 7383: 5113:, a novel by Elizabeth Black (2013), is an exploration of the island of Galveston, Texas, and the intertwined histories of two families who reside there. 4013:(UTMB) campus has grown to more than 70 buildings and an enrollment of more than 2,500 students. The 84-acre (340,000 m) campus includes schools of 8939: 3589:

In the late 1800s Galveston was known as the "Playground of the South" Today, it still retains a shared claim to the title among major cities along the

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and bounded by Ave. K, 23rd St., Ave. P, and 26th St., contains a collection of historic homes constructed from the Civil War through World War II. The

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to support Mexico's rebellion against Spain. In 1817, Aury returned from an unsuccessful raid against Spain to find Galveston occupied by the pirate

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containing one of the largest historically significant collections of 19th-century buildings in the U.S., with over 60 structures listed on the

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on August 1, 2009, which had been closed for eleven months after the hurricane and, as of September 2009, had reopened 370 hospital beds.

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fundraising campaign, the total restoration of the original building was completed and Galveston Arts Center returned to the Strand in 2015.

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General Gordon Granger, standing on its balcony, read the contents of "General Order No. 3", thereby emancipating all slaves in the state of

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buildings that have been adapted for use as restaurants, antique stores, historical exhibits, museums and art galleries. The area is a major

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from rural areas, in 1870 the city had a black population that totaled 3,000, made up mostly of former slaves but also by persons who were

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Galveston has been home to many important figures in Texas and U.S. history. During the island's earliest history it became the domain of

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in the United States. It was, for a time, Texas' largest city, known as the "Queen City of the Gulf". It was devastated by the unexpected

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and his crew were shipwrecked at a place he called "Isla de Malhado" in November 1528. This could have referred to Galveston Island or

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The city is about 45 miles (72 km) southeast of downtown Houston. The island is oriented generally northeast-southwest, with the

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St. Joseph's Church was built by German immigrants in 1859–1860 and is the oldest wooden church building in Galveston and the oldest

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Just north of Galveston Island, the Bolivar Peninsula shields Galveston Bay much like Lido Key and Longboat Key shield Sarasota Bay.

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on both sides of Broadway and Market Streets, contains 463 buildings. Other historic districts include Cedar Lawn, Denver Court and

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The end of the war drastically reduced military investment in the island. Increasing enforcement of gambling laws and the growth of

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along the Gulf of Mexico made it the center of trade in Texas. It was one of the nation's largest cotton ports, in competition with

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Since the early 20th century, Galveston has been popularly known as the 'Oleander City' because of a long history of cultivating

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epidemic; about 1800 people died in the city. These occurred in waterfront and river cities throughout the 19th century, as did

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Church in Texas. The church was dedicated in April 1860, to St. Joseph, the patron saint of laborers. The building is a wooden

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growth. Beginning in 1957, the Galveston Historical Foundation began its efforts to preserve historic buildings. The 1966 book

10075: 8433:"P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race - 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Galveston city, Texas" 8432: 8413:"P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Galveston city, Texas" 6667: 6331: 16998: 13061: 12813: 12728: 11947: 11675: 10959: 10800: 10216: 10156: 8504: 8318: 7413: 7198: 7028: 6940: 6886: 6802: 6732: 5380: 4726: 4050: 3123: 1487: 1325:

helped encourage the preservation movement. Restoration efforts financed by motivated investors, notably Houston businessman

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role in the Gulf of Mexico. In 1942, William Lewis Moody, Jr., along with his wife Libbie Shearn Rice Moody, established the

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on nearby Pelican Island. Galveston is ranked the number one cruise port on the Gulf Coast and fourth in the United States.

3335:

of any race. There were 19,943 households, out of which 20.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.4% were

1266:, as a competitive center of gambling and entertainment put pressure on the gaming industry on the island. Finally in 1957, 17324: 15364: 13019: 11932: 11697: 10233: 10039: 8078: 4718: 4440: 4348:. It is housed in the United States Post Office, Customs House and Court House federal building in downtown Galveston. The 4070: 4034: 1765: 1658: 1345: 756: 10681: 3279:, there were 53,695 people, 23,375 households, and 12,505 families residing in the city. There were 34,259 housing units. 17541: 16237: 15467: 15262: 11616: 11493: 9628: 8698: 7986: 7221: 5508: 5068:"I bought a little city" is about an unnamed man who invests his fortune in buying Galveston, only to sell it thereafter. 4786: 3554:. Through its subsidiary, American National de México, Compañía de Seguros de Vida, it provides products and services in 3539: 3533: 1720: 1185: 470: 93: 10900: 10654: 9779: 8794: 1020:

By the end of the 19th century, the city of Galveston had a population of 37,000. Its position on the natural harbor of

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The port also serves as a passenger cruise ship terminal for cruise ships operating in the Caribbean. The terminal was

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base and named "Galveston Army Air Field". In January 1943, Galveston Army Air Field was officially activated with the

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also became based in Galveston, offering four-, six-, seven-, and eight-day cruises to the Caribbean and the Bahamas.

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period, the city drew a boundary known as a "fire zone," within which new buildings could not be constructed of wood.

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campus with an enrollment of more than 2,500 students is a major economic force of the city. Galveston is home to six

17596: 15381: 15127: 12808: 11546: 11260: 11236: 11070: 9178: 6468: 6209: 6170: 5997: 5837: 4853: 535: 376: 11125: 10357: 10327: 8626: 7521: 17350: 17172: 16476: 15864: 15462: 15404: 13553: 13290: 12156: 11940: 11647: 7492: 5741: 4549: 3984: 3714:. While most ArtWalk events are concentrated downtown, there are a number or participants elsewhere on the island. 1639: 1449:

A deepwater channel connects Galveston's harbor with the Gulf and the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway. According to the

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manages the city's public transportation services. Intercity bus service to Galveston was previously operated by

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has a southern terminus in Galveston and serves as a main artery to Galveston from mainland Galveston County and

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and was convicted in the US and sentenced to life in jail, was born in Galveston. The film and television actor

3507:, which is the largest cruise ship ever based here and one of the largest ships in the world. In September 2012 17556: 16881: 16708: 16703: 16676: 16536: 15854: 12324: 12224: 11307: 9988: 9137: 9021: 6272: 4880: 4336:, the first federal court in Texas, is based in Galveston and has jurisdiction over the counties of Galveston, 3948: 3328: 3320: 3304: 1270: 940:

of the Union Army informed the enslaved people of Texas that they were now free. This news was transmitted via

245: 16242: 9214: 7391: 5429: 1778:

are an ever-present threat during the summer and fall season, which puts Galveston in Coastal Windstorm Area.

17251: 16889: 16723: 16718: 16595: 16587: 16556: 16247: 15949: 13240: 11745: 11662: 11348: 10975: 8452: 7758: 4826: 3999: 3497: 3312: 3227: 3083: 1635: 1378: 1223: 1169: 1134: 65: 7634:"National Trust for Historic Preservation Announces 2009 List of America's 11 Most Dangered Historic Places" 3525: 17137: 17018: 16212: 15388: 15351: 15152: 13004: 12839: 12505: 11765: 10134: 10116: 9748: 6386: 5446: 4674: 4613: 4349: 2702: 1769: 1227: 870: 16611: 8020: 7964: 7671: 5887: 4090: 17566: 16780: 16426: 16019: 13546: 13046: 13009: 11755: 11538: 11376: 11021: 8657: 8437: 8417: 7339: 7160: 6543: 5450: 5104: 4902: 4164: 3324: 3308: 1450: 1408: 1250: 1071: 1036:

defenses and coastal artillery batteries in Galveston and along the Bolivar Roads. In February 1897, the

776: 9688: 8966:"Tax Credit Program Highlight: Galveston Arts Center | THC.Texas.gov - Texas Historical Commission" 8883: 7559: 3922: 3291:, there were 47,743 people, 19,943 households, and 10,779 families residing in the city. As of the 2016 17464: 16853: 16667: 16421: 15527: 15421: 15162: 12651: 12607: 12136: 11556: 10584: 9464: 9051: 5652: 4937: 4237: 4080:

operates two Roman Catholic private schools, including Holy Family Catholic School (K through 8th) and

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Galveston is home to two post-secondary institutions offering traditional degrees in higher education.

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During the 1920s and 1930s, the city re-emerged as a major tourist destination. Under the influence of

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and educated before the war. Blacks comprised nearly 25% of the city's population of 13,818 that year.

28: 11146:"DIY's breakout hit 'Restoring Galveston' is back for season 2 with new name and more homes to update" 9810: 8686: 7469: 17536: 17193: 16925: 16902: 16603: 16501: 16416: 16411: 15809: 15144: 13510: 13502: 13051: 12617: 11551: 11386: 11300: 7115: 4929: 4761: 3976: 3968: 3956: 3711: 3621: 3288: 3276: 3002: 2987: 2972: 2957: 2942: 2927: 2912: 2897: 2882: 2867: 2852: 2837: 2822: 2807: 2792: 2777: 2762: 2747: 1740: 1281: 933: 690: 575: 201: 17: 15769: 9718: 6145: 1082:

was built to protect the city from floods and hurricane storm surges. A team of engineers including

17571: 17551: 17449: 16897: 16805: 16786: 16736: 16650: 16232: 15374: 13165: 12309: 12146: 12121: 12010: 11606: 11581: 11576: 11566: 11456: 11396: 10733: 10639: 8160: 8134: 4638: 4623: 4537: 4436: 3823: 1491: 1330: 1177: 1057: 709: 448: 16756: 10259: 9663: 9528: 9330: 8746: 7581: 7334: 7088: 6699: 6063: 1759:. Summer temperatures regularly exceed 90 °F (32 °C) and the area's humidity drives the 1642:

listed Bishop's Palace as one of the 100 most significant buildings in the United States, and the

17474: 17459: 17356: 16813: 16746: 16496: 16471: 16431: 16328: 16034: 15359: 13250: 13205: 13066: 12958: 12294: 12289: 12108: 11964: 11601: 11561: 11406: 9271: 9246: 9115: 6862: 4782: 4753: 4646: 4603: 4593: 4459:, originally established and named in 1854 as the Galveston Wharf and Cotton Press Company, is a 4038: 3939: 3617: 1677: 1646:

has classified it as one of the fourteen most representative Victorian structures in the nation.

1212: 974: 910: 865: 725: 721: 583: 206: 130: 15879: 15624: 10925: 9875: 8390: 8082: 7130: 6995: 1333:

and reinvented other areas. A new, family-oriented tourism emerged in the city over many years.

704:

During the 19th century, Galveston became a major U.S. commercial center and one of the largest

597:

Galveston, or Galvez's town, was named after 18th-century Spanish military and political leader

17236: 17179: 16776: 16713: 16541: 16486: 16441: 16436: 16406: 16217: 14939: 14778: 13824: 13342: 12792: 12284: 12279: 11906: 11794: 11503: 11401: 11228: 10847: 10842: 9395: 9369: 6507: 4770: 4742: 4634: 4583: 4553: 4545: 4533: 4529: 4341: 4155: 3501: 3374: 1674: 1662: 1623: 1267: 1001: 815: 563: 10790: 10188: 8224: 7874: 6598: 6458: 4184:, on air from 1947 to 2010, has previously served as a local media outlet. Television station 3348:

for the city was $ 18,275. About 17.8% of families and 22.3% of the population were below the

17329: 17319: 17214: 16953: 16619: 16531: 16516: 16257: 16009: 15969: 15939: 15884: 15874: 15684: 15644: 15457: 15277: 15247: 15222: 15120: 14573: 14112: 13909: 13351: 13122: 13097: 12949: 12622: 12304: 11426: 10980: 9259: 8597:"Carnival Vista Heads to Galveston, Carnival Breeze to Port Canaveral | Travel Agent Central" 8271:

Houston is buffered by Galveston Island—which sits in the way of the surge—and the bay system

7259: 5137: 4913: 4778:, nicknamed the "Galveston Giant", became the first black world heavyweight boxing champion. 4658: 4252: 4149: 3840: 3834: 3644: 3629: 3570: 3397: 3370: 3207: 1274: 1061: 879:

In 1839, the City of Galveston adopted a charter and was incorporated by the Congress of the

760: 214: 69: 11962: 10711: 10602: 9934: 9611: 9168: 7904: 17207: 16866: 16658: 16627: 16574: 16481: 16401: 16300: 15784: 15614: 15609: 15447: 15294: 15205: 15200: 15157: 15073: 14924: 14884: 14834: 14604: 14234: 14097: 13884: 13743: 13492: 13487: 13453: 13383: 13127: 12708: 12612: 12581: 12490: 12465: 12344: 12314: 12299: 12274: 12211: 12204: 12166: 12036: 11474: 11466: 11204: 10410: 5712: 5166:, Galveston was set as the main character's hometown and is shown at the film's conclusion. 5049: 4941: 4870: 4866: 4837: 4816: 4812: 4775: 4670: 4666: 4662: 4362: 4116: 3883: 3669: 3662: 3332: 1382: 1114: 1102: 1093: 1013: 990: 630: 574:. The community of 211.31 square miles (547.3 km), with a population of 53,695 at the 421: 15894: 15764: 7607: 1716:, In 1865, the Custom House was the site of the ceremony officially ending the Civil War. 1564: 8: 17268: 17113: 17023: 16871: 16645: 16546: 16356: 15629: 15517: 15416: 15215: 14965: 14919: 14763: 14578: 14488: 14330: 14249: 13965: 13944: 13753: 12979: 12974: 12896: 12688: 12571: 12440: 12430: 12181: 11862: 11750: 11513: 11381: 11088: 9585: 8861: 8723: 8112: 6033: 5154: 5035: 4933: 4738: 4233: 4173: 3806:

at the Galveston County Courthouse. With his back turned to the US flag while carrying a

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sails four- and five-day Caribbean cruises from Galveston. Carnival planned on replacing

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The city of Galveston looking east toward the Gulf of Mexico. Downtown Galveston and the

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until this era ended in the 1950s with subsequent other economic and social development.

682: 15604: 15522: 15492: 10563: 10532: 10502: 10445: 9966: 9913: 9307: 7814: 6957: 6839: 6769: 6636: 6426: 6364: 6308: 6246: 6117: 5865: 5800: 5779: 5674: 5588: 5552: 5525: 4196:, along with a small group of other Galveston investors. In June 1959, KGUL changed its 1708:

window. The U.S. Custom House began construction in 1860 and was completed in 1861. The

17428: 17418: 17385: 17130: 17038: 16993: 16983: 16876: 16840: 16831: 16761: 16698: 16632: 16511: 16461: 16451: 15979: 15964: 15829: 15814: 15734: 15674: 15639: 15053: 14798: 14716: 14599: 14442: 14356: 14178: 14153: 14143: 14133: 14082: 13859: 13839: 13768: 13637: 13333: 13328: 13210: 13180: 13160: 13107: 12989: 12969: 12536: 12455: 12415: 12410: 12176: 12098: 12051: 12020: 12005: 11890: 11586: 11571: 11498: 11244: 11001: 9852: 8940:"Galveston Arts Center receives $ 1M to finish restoration of historic Strand building" 8108: 7934: 7693: 6391: 6133: 5281: 5159: 4860: 4808: 4757: 4460: 4456: 4218: 4065:, Austin Middle School, serving grades 5 through 8. Galveston has several state-funded 3935: 3903: 3899: 3508: 3296: 1713: 1549: 1326: 1310: 1146: 982: 929: 906: 841: 834: 786: 752: 658: 638: 263: 16049: 12256: 7064: 5376: 4977: 3943:

County Precinct 1; as of 2008 Patrick Doyle serves as the Commissioner of Precinct 1.

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is a historic hotel that opened in 1911. The building was named the Galvez, honoring

1522: 1353: 1349: 1263: 1126: 1122: 1079: 880: 873: 853: 845: 826: 686: 670: 654: 626: 622: 411: 10379: 10289: 9284: 8711: 8193: 4486: 4373: 1665:, built in 1838 and the oldest surviving structure in Galveston, is designed in the 1188:. Two years later, Moody established the City National Bank, which would become the 822:

The island first permanent European settlements were constructed around 1816 by the

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following its independence from Spain. The city was the main port for the fledgling

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Company; following the company's acquisition by Coach USA, service was operated by

4345: 4259: 4240: 4122: 4058: 3543: 3450: 3430: 3424: 3408: 3386: 3382: 3378: 1779: 1709: 1697: 1394: 1306: 1297: 1239: 1181: 1075: 1067: 1037: 917: 899: 857: 666: 618: 610: 559: 500: 7417: 5058:(1951) takes place partly in Galveston during the outbreak of a mysterious plague. 3914: 1130:

of sand at low tide and a gloomy vista of waves on rocks when the tide was high."

876:, some of whom worked domestically or on the waterfront, including on riverboats. 17515: 17469: 17433: 17408: 17231: 17151: 17144: 17063: 17058: 17028: 17013: 16978: 16825: 16821: 16817: 16809: 16314: 16154: 16109: 16104: 16084: 15959: 15934: 15909: 15589: 15584: 15537: 15507: 15334: 15252: 15210: 15195: 15027: 15012: 14929: 14909: 14869: 14849: 14803: 14793: 14773: 14696: 14686: 14583: 14563: 14558: 14538: 14518: 14503: 14462: 14457: 14437: 14407: 14340: 14274: 14254: 14239: 14213: 14198: 14188: 14163: 14107: 14087: 14046: 14031: 14026: 13929: 13894: 13889: 13869: 13844: 13829: 13809: 13799: 13718: 13713: 13698: 13693: 13688: 13627: 13617: 13607: 13477: 13425: 13411: 13391: 13324: 13305: 13255: 13235: 13220: 13200: 13041: 12787: 12745: 12495: 12480: 12475: 12470: 12450: 12405: 12385: 12380: 12260: 12126: 12090: 12062: 12057: 11826: 11416: 11131: 11113: 11005: 10195: 10176: 10112: 10021: 9942: 9726: 9593: 9408: 9403: 9382: 9377: 9338: 9315: 9292: 9267: 9242: 8999: 8719: 8694: 7780:

A National Register of Historic Places Travel Itinerary, US National Park Service

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A National Register of Historic Places Travel Itinerary, US National Park Service

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To further its recovery and rebuild its population, Galveston actively solicited

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for more than 165 years. Over 170 authorized officers serve in three divisions.

3655:) in early December. Galveston is home to several historic ships: the tall ship 3597:

and Tremont House, vintage bed and breakfast inns, and beachfront condominiums.

17048: 16637: 16262: 16144: 16069: 16044: 16004: 15719: 15679: 15634: 15579: 15574: 15257: 15177: 15172: 15167: 15068: 15063: 14914: 14879: 14874: 14768: 14742: 14651: 14553: 14543: 14533: 14523: 14513: 14467: 14427: 14381: 14361: 14244: 14218: 14077: 14041: 14000: 13995: 13985: 13980: 13970: 13939: 13919: 13879: 13804: 13758: 13683: 13678: 13622: 13612: 13587: 13462: 13458: 13434: 13429: 13421: 13416: 13397: 13374: 13318: 13300: 13215: 13092: 12889: 12703: 12561: 12551: 12354: 12116: 11900: 11642: 10673: 9876:"Shriners will keep hospitals open Galveston facility to reopen in a few weeks" 7990: 5948:"Biden signs bill making Juneteenth, marking end of slavery, a federal holiday" 5226: 5129: 5120: 5100: 5024: 4945: 4921: 4917: 4746: 4561: 4495: 4289: 4066: 4014: 3551: 3492: 3482: 3460: 3418: 1756: 1752: 1701: 1602: 1435: 1423: 1374: 1305:

In 1947, buildings in the city were damaged when a ship carrying 2,200 tons of

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Charles Coghian's Body Missing. - New York Times - September 25, 1900; pg. 2;

9632: 5821: 5819: 5551:. Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Archived from 17530: 17504: 17288: 17008: 17003: 16963: 16272: 16227: 16207: 16179: 16064: 16014: 15994: 15914: 15759: 15714: 15669: 15564: 15487: 15452: 15304: 15094: 15022: 14996: 14970: 14960: 14904: 14899: 14894: 14864: 14859: 14758: 14737: 14706: 14630: 14625: 14609: 14568: 14528: 14498: 14472: 14432: 14417: 14412: 14402: 14366: 14320: 14315: 14193: 14183: 14168: 13990: 13904: 13899: 13864: 13834: 13819: 13814: 13783: 13738: 13733: 13728: 13708: 13652: 13647: 13602: 13592: 13439: 13406: 13401: 13310: 13190: 13185: 13175: 13170: 13056: 12964: 12926: 12718: 12602: 12597: 12576: 12556: 12546: 12460: 12425: 12359: 12161: 11632: 11446: 11411: 11366: 11358: 11343: 11033: 9787: 9730: 9085: 8802: 6107: 5303: 5041: 5010: 4953: 4909: 4898: 4822: 4694: 4642: 4573: 4521: 4226: 4193: 4062: 3882:

After the hurricane of 1900, the city originated the city commission form of

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struck the city, generating an F4 tornado that killed eight and injured 200.

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Baker, James Graham; Southwestern Historical Quarterly Vol CXIII; April 2010

5430:

U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Galveston, Texas

4361:, located on the west end of Galveston Island in the beachside community of 4009:

Established in 1891 with one building and fewer than 50 students, today the

3639:

festival, Galveston Island Jazz & Blues Festival and a Victorian-themed

3632:, which opened in 1965, closed in January 1990, and was demolished in 2006. 1414: 902:(Ursuline Academy) (1847), insurance company (1854), and gas lights (1856). 17368: 17293: 17083: 17033: 16973: 16968: 16958: 16564: 16491: 16370: 16321: 16307: 16222: 16184: 16159: 16114: 16099: 16079: 15999: 15899: 15889: 15839: 15834: 15824: 15804: 15794: 15709: 15569: 15477: 15369: 15284: 15237: 14980: 14975: 14691: 14681: 14671: 14635: 14548: 14508: 14493: 14452: 14284: 14051: 14005: 13949: 13924: 13778: 13748: 13668: 13632: 13597: 13528: 13472: 13346: 13260: 13230: 12994: 12834: 12627: 12566: 12390: 12375: 12151: 12041: 11997: 11451: 11338: 10767: 9563: 7836: 7775: 7723: 7293: 5816: 5273: 5213: 5163: 5146: 5078: 4973: 4969: 4957: 4876: 4730: 4706: 4690: 3972: 3964: 3960: 3676: 3594: 3513: 3352:, including 32.1% of those under age 13 and 14.2% of those age 89 or over. 3349: 1755:

10a. Prevailing winds from the south and southeast bring moisture from the

1670: 1650: 1596: 1219: 1215:". The island had entered what would later become known as the "open era". 1005: 960: 887:

and attracted many new residents in the 1840s and later among the flood of

830: 794: 678: 602: 274: 255: 16029: 9771: 8254: 7765:, Texas A&M University Press: College Station, Texas, 2007. pp. 47–49. 1768:, respectively. Record temperatures range from 8 °F (−13 °C) on 1731:

Towers at UTMB and Medical Arts Building (also known as Two Moody Plaza).

17283: 17258: 17246: 17108: 16094: 16024: 15819: 15799: 15749: 15664: 15654: 15431: 15043: 15017: 14829: 14808: 14788: 14721: 14128: 14036: 13569: 13482: 13449: 13275: 13265: 13245: 13225: 12760: 12750: 12632: 12435: 12195:‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties 11979: 10349: 10319: 8188: 8186: 8184: 8182: 7529: 7020:

Energy metropolis: an environmental history of Houston and the Gulf Coast

6932:

Energy Metropolis: An Environmental History of Houston and the Gulf Coast

6724:

Energy Metropolis: An Environmental History of Houston and the Gulf Coast

5918:"Featured Document Display: The Emancipation Proclamation and Juneteenth" 5199: 5071:

Galveston is the primary setting and filming location for the 1989 film,

5065: 5017: 4833: 4802: 4714: 4505: 4477: 3987: 3931: 3547: 3292: 1579: 1530: 1025: 806:. Though there is no certainty regarding their route and their landings, 736: 669:

of 1836, and later served temporarily as the new national capital of the

579: 547: 13538: 8369:"U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Galveston Scholes FLD, TX" 7498: 4308: 3775: 1403: 970: 17380: 17314: 17078: 16938: 16858: 16801: 16521: 16202: 16164: 16129: 15924: 15744: 15724: 15694: 15689: 15649: 15594: 15532: 15512: 15497: 15309: 15267: 13280: 13195: 13150: 12912: 10320:"White Cap Stadium in Galveston, TX history and teams on StatsCrew.com" 9742: 9740: 5377:"Galveston Mayor - Craig Brown | Galveston, TX - Official Website" 5335: 5291: 5092: 5006: 4765: 4270: 3874: 3636: 1760: 1682: 1591: 1462: 1044: 949: 921: 895: 698: 662: 590:

metropolitan area at its southern end on the northwestern coast of the

567: 370: 189: 10169: 9308:"Galveston County Sheriff's Office Corrections Bureau - Jail Division" 8179: 7753: 4981: 4447:

has two heliports, one for Ewing Hall and one for its emergency room.

4400:(the official Tall Ship of Texas) at the Texas Seaport Museum and USS 4324:, and its librarian also functions as the Galveston County Librarian. 1442:

on the north. The island's main access point from the mainland is the

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opened KIPP Coastal Village in Galveston under the auspices of GISD.

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Texas Heroes Monument. In the center of Broadway Blvd, at 25th street

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relocated to Galveston, sailing seven-day cruises. Carnival replaced

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During the post–Civil War period, leaders such as George T. Ruby and

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and second-largest municipality in the county. It is also within the

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for the island city. It is the center for two very popular seasonal

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immigrants from the usual destinations of the crowded cities of the

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The 1930s and 1940s brought much change to the Island City. During

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Charles Coghlan is Dead - New York Times 28 November 1899; pg. 7;

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service at Galveston Amtrak bus stop, with service to Houston for

3661:(the official Tall Ship of Texas) at the Texas Seaport Museum and 16377: 15984: 15319: 15299: 14289: 13379: 12881: 12713: 12339: 11852: 11811: 8319:"Texas may get a coastal storm barrier, but will it be too late?" 7016: 6925: 6720: 5180:) which shows local Galveston homes being restored and remodeled. 5087: 4697:(1921–1924)/Pirate Field (1915–1920) and Beach Park (1888–1915). 4525: 4482: 4201: 4189: 4185: 4018: 3377:. The port has facilities to handle all types of cargo including 3373:, on the north side of Galveston Island, with some facilities on 1705: 1630:

style Opera House that is currently operated as a not-for-profit

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list of cities and towns in Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land MSA

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Encyclopedia of Cold War Espionage, Spies, and Secret Operations

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The Handbook of Texas Online, Texas State Historical Association

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The Handbook of Texas Online, Texas State Historical Association

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The Handbook of Texas Online, Texas State Historical Association

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The Handbook of Texas Online, Texas State Historical Association

10350:"Beach Park in Galveston, TX history and teams on StatsCrew.com" 5825: 4681:(1888) all called Galveston home. Galveston was a member of the 4269:. The Galveston hospital is one of only four in the chain of 22 4180:

serves as the newspaper of record for the county. Radio station

3327:, and 3.3% from two or more races. 31.3% of the population were 2699: 17375: 17273: 16252: 16134: 15619: 15314: 15289: 15136: 13975: 13356: 13270: 11276: 10926:"Casey Hampton Stats, Height, Weight, Position, Draft, College" 5247: 5234: 5031: 4894: 4710: 4556:, known locally as Broadway Street, connects the island to the 4490: 4334:

United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas

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causeway that crosses West Bay on the island's northeast side.

1161: 1153: 1145:, Galveston became the focus of an immigration plan called the 823: 614: 485: 16393: 8769:"A Gulf Coast gem is becoming a 'Playground of the South' all" 8567:"Carnival to shorten Liberty cruises, replace ship with Valor" 8536:"Carnival Magic coming to Port Canaveral sooner than expected" 7131:"Workers in Galveston increasingly can't afford to live there" 4564:

to link Galveston to Bolivar Peninsula was cancelled in 2007.

527: 17103: 16119: 16059: 15502: 15329: 13573: 12916: 11870: 11093:. Season 2. Episode 9. November 24, 2008. 04:15 minutes in. 10380:"Galveston Sand Crabs Statistics and Roster on StatsCrew.com" 9696: 8826:"Sea-Arama in Galveston was an island attraction for decades" 7931:

Institute of Nautical Archaeology at Texas A&M University

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Galveston Independent School District Administration Building

1690: 1427: 1184:, members of two of Galveston's leading families founded the 1165: 1066:

On September 8, 1900, the island was struck by a devastating

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relocated his government there. In 1836, the French-Canadian

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Indigenous inhabitants of Galveston Island called the island

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https://archive.org/details/mythicgalvestonr0000hard/page/13

9734:. Thursday November 17, 2005. Retrieved on October 26, 2011. 9285:"Welcome to the Galveston County Sheriff's Office Home Page" 9055: 6836: