70:
313:
41:
369:
50:
212:
61:
267:
27:
1622:
683:
1535:
438:, Labour under Corbyn again finished as the second-largest party in parliament, but the party increased their share of the popular vote to 40%, resulting in a net gain of 30 seats and a
615:
It is by no means necessary to assume that those in the mass electorate who followed the lead of the "Gang of Four" and the score of other former Labour MPs shared their policy views.
531:
1240:
691:
277:
1652:
1080:
911:
1717:
657:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1022:
731:
272:
318:
217:
391:
998:
782:
1205:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
943:
302:
142:
87:
523:
1722:
961:
1200:
1195:
844:
225:
1712:
1302:
631:
561:
1597:
1284:
724:
435:
427:
1525:
1278:
1250:
374:
1482:
1477:
1462:
1362:
1272:
978:
497:
474:
1612:
1602:
1404:
1394:
601:
1472:
1266:
1245:
1179:
380:
323:
1607:
1572:
1190:
1010:
1004:
765:
717:
431:
1487:
1308:
1296:
1290:
684:"Highgate's 'gang of four' member Bill Rodgers backs seven MPs quitting Labour to form The Independent Group"
1632:
1530:
593:
158:
108:
312:
69:
1378:
1314:
928:
919:
232:
1336:
967:
955:
1331:
1687:
1637:
1412:
1357:
123:
1552:
1425:
1341:
1587:
1421:
740:
587:
1567:
1545:
446:
162:
1642:
1562:
1497:
1429:
246:
112:
8:
1417:
127:
1582:
157:
proposed a group called the
Council for Social Democracy, which ended up becoming the
986:
597:
384:
104:
1617:
1592:
949:
864:
852:
803:
658:"Does the Independent Group want to replace Labour, or be something else entirely?"
524:"Labour has split before, and the SDP kept the Conservatives in power for 18 years"
358:
146:
79:
627:
557:
1658:
1647:
1557:
1467:
992:
797:
449:
were described as similar to the Gang of Four, which was backed by Bill
Rodgers.
439:
130:(1966–1976) and were accused of attempting to seize power following the death of
1627:
1492:
583:
239:
422:
In March 2017, the three then-living members of the SDP Gang of Four all said
1706:
882:
791:
423:
470:
1016:
900:
876:
653:
119:
1034:
937:
870:
821:
773:
408:
Parliamentary
Secretary to the Minister for Housing and Local Government
368:
201:
150:
83:
40:
1028:
888:
858:
827:
815:
809:
546:
464:
462:
256:
154:
131:
91:
1040:
553:
166:
709:
589:
Confidence
Regained: Economics, Mrs. Thatcher, and the British Voter
459:
211:
49:
894:
833:
1577:
266:
172:
The Gang of Four were followed by a score of other Labour MPs.
60:
350:
Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for
Foreign Affairs
26:
428:
next general election originally scheduled for 2020
1653:Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition agreement
289:Minister of State for Health and Social Security
169:where David Owen lived, and where the group met.
1704:
122:is a reference to the political faction of four
1515:
345:Under-Secretary of State for Economic Affairs
725:
1430:Welsh Young Liberals/Rhyddfrydwr Ifanc Cymru
403:Minister of State for Education and Science
126:officials who came to prominence during the
16:Breakaway group from UK Labour party in 1981
1206:Liberal Democrat Home Affairs spokesperson
732:
718:
1452:
115:and a former deputy leader of the party.
1063:
582:
521:
471:"Who were the Social Democratic Party?"
1705:
1201:Liberal Democrat Treasury spokesperson
1196:Deputy Leader of the Liberal Democrats
681:
558:"The legacy of the SDP's Gang of Four"
498:"Can anyone explain? The Gang of Four"
496:Howse, Christopher (26 January 2006).
426:should step down as leader before the
294:Under-Secretary of State for the Navy
284:Minister of State for Foreign Affairs
111:in 1981, including two sitting Labour
1718:British political phrases (1950–1999)
1677:
1676:
1603:National Liberal Party (Lloyd George)
1514:
1451:
1303:Second Frontbench Team of Vince Cable
1222:
1177:
1062:
753:
739:
713:
534:from the original on 18 February 2019
495:
477:from the original on 18 February 2019
468:
1613:National Liberal Party ("Simonites")
1285:First Frontbench Team of Vince Cable
652:
522:Capurro, Daniel (18 February 2019).
469:Scott, Jennifer (18 February 2019).
1608:Independent Liberals (Lloyd George)
1598:Independent Liberal Party (Asquith)
1526:Liberal Democrats headquarters (UK)
1279:Frontbench Team of Menzies Campbell
1178:
552:
417:
335:Minister of State for the Treasury
175:
13:
1463:Alliance Party of Northern Ireland
1363:Northern Ireland Liberal Democrats
1273:Frontbench Team of Charles Kennedy
682:Taylor, Harry (18 February 2019).
634:from the original on 18 March 2018
398:Minister of State of Home Affairs
161:. Their first public move was the
14:
1734:
226:Deputy Leader of the Labour Party
1723:British political party founders
1267:Frontbench Team of Paddy Ashdown
564:from the original on 2 June 2017
367:
311:
265:
210:
68:
59:
48:
39:
25:
1191:Leader of the Liberal Democrats
628:"Gang of Four on Jeremy Corbyn"
1531:List of MPs (past and present)
754:
675:
646:
620:
576:
515:
489:
330:Minister of State for Defence
103:was a breakaway group of four
1:
1309:Frontbench Team of Jo Swinson
1297:Frontbench Team of Tim Farron
1291:Frontbench Team of Nick Clegg
1241:Current members of Parliament
1223:
452:
392:Prices and Consumer Secretary
78:The gang of four, clockwise;
1713:Social Democratic Party (UK)
594:University of Michigan Press
340:Minister of State for Trade
107:politicians who founded the
7:
1536:General election manifestos
1379:Liberal Democrat Conference
1315:Frontbench Team of Ed Davey
233:Chancellor of the Exchequer
165:, named after the house in
10:
1739:
1516:History and related topics
1337:Scottish Liberal Democrats
688:Hampstead Highgate Express
432:Fixed-term Parliaments Act
137:
1683:
1672:
1521:
1510:
1458:
1447:
1403:
1387:
1371:
1350:
1332:English Liberal Democrats
1324:
1259:
1233:
1229:
1218:
1186:
1173:
1124:
1073:
1069:
1058:
977:
910:
843:
764:
760:
749:
182:
1688:Liberal Party (UK, 1989)
1358:London Liberal Democrats
1260:Frontbench in opposition
1633:Social Democratic Party
1553:Glee Club (UK politics)
1426:Scottish Young Liberals
1413:LGBT+ Liberal Democrats
1342:Welsh Liberal Democrats
159:Social Democratic Party
124:Chinese Communist Party
109:Social Democratic Party
1588:Scottish Liberal Party
1422:English Young Liberals
243:(1965–1967, 1974–1976)
1568:National Liberal Club
1546:Limehouse Declaration
1453:Related organisations
447:The Independent Group
436:2017 general election
163:Limehouse Declaration
1643:Southport Resolution
1638:SDP–Liberal Alliance
1563:Liberator (magazine)
1498:Social Liberal Forum
1064:Leadership elections
912:Leaders in the Lords
656:(18 February 2019).
247:Minister of Aviation
99:In UK politics, the
694:on 18 February 2019
662:The Daily Telegraph
556:(12 January 2011).
528:The Daily Telegraph
502:www.telegraph.co.uk
381:Education Secretary
377:from November 1981
324:Transport Secretary
196:Previous office(s)
128:Cultural Revolution
1234:MPs and Frontbench
273:Plymouth Devonport
1700:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1678:Breakaway parties
1668:
1667:
1506:
1505:
1483:Friends of Turkey
1478:Friends of Israel
1443:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1214:
1213:
1169:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1125:Deputy Leadership
1054:
1053:
1050:
1049:
742:Liberal Democrats
415:
414:
411:
406:
401:
396:
389:
385:Paymaster General
364:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
308:
297:
292:
287:
282:
278:Foreign Secretary
262:
251:
244:
237:
230:
222:
207:
187:
1730:
1674:
1673:
1593:Coalition Coupon
1512:
1511:
1449:
1448:
1351:Regional parties
1231:
1230:
1220:
1219:
1175:
1174:
1071:
1070:
1060:
1059:
762:
761:
751:
750:
743:
734:
727:
720:
711:
710:
704:
703:
701:
699:
690:. Archived from
679:
673:
672:
670:
668:
650:
644:
643:
641:
639:
630:. 9 March 2017.
624:
618:
617:
612:
610:
580:
574:
573:
571:
569:
550:
544:
543:
541:
539:
519:
513:
512:
510:
508:
493:
487:
486:
484:
482:
466:
418:Views and legacy
409:
404:
399:
394:
387:
371:
362:
359:Shirley Williams
351:
346:
341:
336:
331:
326:
319:Stockton-on-Tees
315:
306:
295:
290:
285:
280:
269:
260:
249:
242:
235:
228:
220:
218:Glasgow Hillhead
214:
205:
185:
180:
179:
176:The Gang of Four
147:Shirley Williams
80:Shirley Williams
72:
63:
52:
43:
29:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1728:
1727:
1703:
1702:
1701:
1692:
1679:
1664:
1659:For a Fair Deal
1648:The Orange Book
1558:The Land (song)
1517:
1502:
1473:Christian Forum
1468:Beveridge Group
1454:
1435:
1399:
1383:
1367:
1346:
1320:
1255:
1246:Frontbench team
1225:
1210:
1182:
1180:Frontbench team
1161:
1132:2003 (Campbell)
1120:
1091:2006 (Campbell)
1065:
1046:
973:
906:
839:
756:
745:
741:
738:
708:
707:
697:
695:
680:
676:
666:
664:
651:
647:
637:
635:
626:
625:
621:
608:
606:
604:
596:. p. 226.
584:Norpoth, Helmut
581:
577:
567:
565:
551:
547:
537:
535:
520:
516:
506:
504:
494:
490:
480:
478:
467:
460:
455:
440:hung parliament
420:
407:
402:
397:
390:
361:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
305:
293:
288:
283:
259:
245:
238:
231:
204:
184:
178:
140:
97:
96:
95:
94:
75:
74:
73:
65:
64:
55:
54:
53:
45:
44:
35:
34:
33:
30:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1736:
1726:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1698:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1670:
1669:
1666:
1665:
1663:
1662:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1628:One more heave
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1549:
1548:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1508:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1500:
1495:
1493:Liberal Reform
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1445:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1433:
1418:Young Liberals
1415:
1409:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1397:
1391:
1389:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1381:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1365:
1360:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1318:
1317:(2020-present)
1312:
1306:
1300:
1294:
1288:
1282:
1276:
1270:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1237:
1235:
1227:
1226:
1216:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1209:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1171:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1160:
1159:
1154:
1152:2017 (Swinson)
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1118:
1113:
1111:2019 (Swinson)
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1086:1999 (Kennedy)
1083:
1081:1988 (Ashdown)
1077:
1075:
1067:
1066:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1044:
1038:
1032:
1026:
1020:
1014:
1008:
1002:
996:
990:
983:
981:
975:
974:
972:
971:
965:
959:
953:
947:
941:
935:
926:
916:
914:
908:
907:
905:
904:
898:
892:
886:
880:
874:
868:
862:
856:
849:
847:
845:Deputy Leaders
841:
840:
838:
837:
831:
825:
819:
813:
807:
801:
795:
789:
780:
770:
768:
758:
757:
747:
746:
737:
736:
729:
722:
714:
706:
705:
674:
645:
619:
602:
575:
545:
514:
488:
457:
456:
454:
451:
419:
416:
413:
412:
378:
372:
365:
355:
354:
321:
316:
309:
299:
298:
275:
270:
263:
253:
252:
240:Home Secretary
223:
215:
208:
198:
197:
194:
191:
188:
177:
174:
139:
136:
77:
76:
67:
66:
58:
57:
56:
47:
46:
38:
37:
36:
31:
24:
23:
22:
21:
20:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1735:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1682:
1675:
1671:
1661:
1660:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1623:Liberal Leave
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1583:Liberal Party
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1520:
1513:
1509:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1488:History Group
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1457:
1450:
1446:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1396:
1395:Federal Board
1393:
1392:
1390:
1386:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1370:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1325:State parties
1323:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1262:
1258:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1221:
1217:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1185:
1181:
1176:
1172:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1142:2010 (Hughes)
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1101:2015 (Farron)
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1061:
1057:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
988:
987:Wrigglesworth
985:
984:
982:
980:
976:
969:
966:
963:
960:
957:
954:
951:
948:
945:
942:
939:
936:
933:
930:
927:
924:
921:
918:
917:
915:
913:
909:
902:
899:
896:
893:
890:
887:
884:
881:
878:
875:
872:
869:
866:
863:
860:
857:
854:
851:
850:
848:
846:
842:
835:
832:
829:
826:
823:
820:
817:
814:
811:
808:
805:
802:
799:
796:
793:
790:
787:
784:
781:
778:
775:
772:
771:
769:
767:
763:
759:
752:
748:
744:
735:
730:
728:
723:
721:
716:
715:
712:
693:
689:
685:
678:
663:
659:
655:
654:Bush, Stephen
649:
633:
629:
623:
616:
605:
603:9780472103331
599:
595:
591:
590:
585:
579:
563:
559:
555:
549:
533:
529:
525:
518:
503:
499:
492:
476:
472:
465:
463:
458:
450:
448:
443:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
424:Jeremy Corbyn
393:
386:
382:
379:
376:
373:
370:
366:
360:
357:
356:
325:
322:
320:
317:
314:
310:
304:
301:
300:
279:
276:
274:
271:
268:
264:
258:
255:
254:
248:
241:
234:
227:
224:
219:
216:
213:
209:
203:
200:
199:
195:
193:Constituency
192:
189:
186:(Birth–death)
181:
173:
170:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
135:
133:
129:
125:
121:
116:
114:
110:
106:
102:
93:
89:
85:
81:
71:
62:
51:
42:
28:
19:
1657:
1618:Lib–Lab pact
1541:Gang of Four
1540:
1157:2019 (Davey)
1147:2014 (Bruce)
1137:2006 (Cable)
1116:2020 (Davey)
1106:2017 (Cable)
1096:2007 (Clegg)
931:
922:
785:
776:
696:. Retrieved
692:the original
687:
677:
665:. Retrieved
661:
648:
636:. Retrieved
622:
614:
607:. Retrieved
588:
578:
566:. Retrieved
548:
536:. Retrieved
527:
517:
505:. Retrieved
501:
491:
479:. Retrieved
444:
421:
303:Bill Rodgers
171:
143:Bill Rodgers
141:
120:Gang of Four
117:
101:Gang of Four
100:
98:
88:Bill Rodgers
18:
1305:(2017–2019)
1299:(2015–2017)
1293:(2007–2010)
1281:(2006–2007)
1275:(1999–2006)
1269:(1997–1999)
1043:(from 2020)
1037:(2015–2019)
1031:(2011–2014)
1025:(2009–2010)
1019:(2005–2008)
1013:(2001–2004)
1007:(1999–2000)
1001:(1995–1998)
995:(1991–1994)
989:(1989–1990)
970:(from 2016)
964:(2013–2016)
958:(2004–2013)
952:(2001–2004)
946:(1997–2001)
940:(1988–1997)
903:(from 2020)
897:(2019–2020)
891:(2017–2019)
885:(2014–2015)
879:(2010–2014)
873:(2006–2010)
867:(2003–2006)
861:(1992–2003)
855:(1988–1992)
836:(from 2020)
824:(2017–2019)
818:(2015–2017)
812:(2007–2015)
806:(2006–2007)
800:(1999–2006)
794:(1988–1999)
698:19 February
667:19 February
638:19 February
609:19 February
568:19 February
538:19 February
507:20 February
481:19 February
410:(1966–1967)
405:(1967–1969)
400:(1969–1970)
395:(1974–1976)
388:(1976–1979)
363:(1930–2021)
352:(1967–1968)
347:(1964–1967)
342:(1968–1969)
337:(1969–1970)
332:(1974–1976)
327:(1976–1979)
307:(born 1928)
296:(1968–1970)
291:(1974–1976)
286:(1976–1977)
281:(1977–1979)
261:(born 1938)
250:(1964–1965)
236:(1967–1970)
229:(1970–1972)
206:(1920–2003)
202:Roy Jenkins
151:Roy Jenkins
84:Roy Jenkins
1707:Categories
1573:Whig Party
1388:Committees
1372:Conference
1251:Chief whip
1074:Leadership
979:Presidents
755:Leadership
554:Ley, Shaun
453:References
430:under the
257:David Owen
155:David Owen
132:Mao Zedong
92:David Owen
1224:Structure
999:Maclennan
923:(Liberal)
783:Maclennan
777:(Liberal)
445:In 2019,
434:. In the
221:from 1982
190:Portrait
167:Limehouse
118:The term
1578:Peelites
1011:Dholakia
950:Williams
865:Campbell
853:Johnston
804:Campbell
632:Archived
586:(1992).
562:Archived
532:Archived
475:Archived
32:SDP logo
1035:Brinton
1005:Maddock
993:Kennedy
962:Wallace
956:McNally
944:Rodgers
938:Jenkins
929:Diamond
889:Swinson
828:Swinson
798:Kennedy
792:Ashdown
766:Leaders
560:. BBC.
473:. BBC.
138:History
1311:(2019)
1287:(2007)
1029:Farron
1017:Hughes
934:(1988)
925:(1988)
901:Cooper
877:Hughes
830:(2019)
816:Farron
788:(1988)
779:(1988)
600:
375:Crosby
105:Labour
1023:Scott
968:Newby
932:(SDP)
920:Seear
895:Davey
883:Bruce
871:Cable
859:Beith
834:Davey
822:Cable
810:Clegg
786:(SDP)
774:Steel
1405:SAOs
1041:Pack
700:2019
669:2019
640:2019
611:2019
598:ISBN
570:2019
540:2019
509:2019
483:2019
383:and
183:Name
153:and
113:MPs
1709::
1428:,
1424:,
686:.
660:.
613:.
592:.
530:.
526:.
500:.
461:^
442:.
149:,
145:,
134:.
90:,
86:,
82:,
1432:)
1420:(
733:e
726:t
719:v
702:.
671:.
642:.
572:.
542:.
511:.
485:.
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