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systems are typically installed with a warning alarm that precedes the agent release. The warning, usually an audible and visible alert, advises the immediate evacuation of the enclosed space. After a preset time, the agent starts to discharge. This can be paused by activating an abort switch, which pauses the countdown as long as it is activated, allowing everyone to evacuate the area. Accidents have also occurred during maintenance of these systems, so proper safety precautions must be taken beforehand.
127:
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over pressure of inert gas systems can constitute a risk even in the presence of a system designed and built according to technical standards. On
September 20, 2018, two people died after an inert gas leak from a fire suppression system located in the State Archives in Arezzo (Italy). On 8 July 2013 an explosion of Argonite cylinders tore through a Hertfordshire (U.K.) construction site, killing a plumber and injuring six other workers.
25:
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A study carried out by the
Italian Workers' Compensation Authority and the Italian Fire Brigade (Piccolo et al., 2018) reported 12 different accidents caused by inert gas fire suppression systems that in many cases have resulted in serious injuries. From the cases analyzed, it was determined that the
373:
or nitrogen, in enclosed spaces presents a risk of suffocation. Some incidents have occurred where individuals in these spaces have been killed by inert gas release. When installed according to fire codes the systems have an excellent safety record. To prevent such occurrences, additional life safety
333:
Systems working on a local application principle apply an extinguishing agent directly onto a fire (usually a two dimensional area), or into the three dimensional region immediately surrounding the substance or object on fire. The main difference in local application from total flooding design is the
338:
In the context of automatic extinguishing systems, local application generally refers to the use of systems that have been emplaced some time prior to their usage rather than the use of manually operated wheeled or portable fire extinguishers, although the nature of the agent delivery is similar and
352:
Room integrity testing (RIT) is also required in conjunction with gas fire suppression systems. RIT ensures that in the event of a fire, the room's containment is sufficient to ensure the effectiveness of the suppression system. RIT works by creating pressure within the room or enclosure where the
377:
The pressure differential caused by these gases may be sufficient to break windows and walls. Pressure vents are mandatory on inert gases and may be required on synthetic agents. These are installed working on the physical strength of the protected space and vary in size.
325:
Systems working on a total flooding principle apply an extinguishing agent to a three dimensional enclosed space in order to achieve a concentration of the agent (volume percent of the agent in air) adequate to extinguish the fire. These types of systems may be
215:(NFPA) Standard for Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems – NFPA 2001 in the US, with different standards and regulations elsewhere. The system typically consists of the agent, agent storage containers, agent release valves,
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and then broadcast to tv and online. On 25 September 2021 a gaseous fire suppression system at the facility was triggered, causing loss of service. It was found that an
547:
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many automatic systems may also be activated manually. The lines are blurred somewhat with portable automatic extinguishing systems, although these are not common.
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suppression system has been installed and ensuring that the gas does not escape from the room so quickly that it is unable to extinguish the fire.
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219:, fire detection system (wiring control panel, actuation signaling), agent delivery piping, and agent dispersion nozzles.
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Broadly speaking, there are two methods for applying an extinguishing agent: total flooding and local application:
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from the gas release nozzles had severely damaged the servers resulting in the hard drives being destroyed.
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Reduction or isolation of fuel. No agents currently use this as the primary means of fire suppression.
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602:""Arezzo, due impiegati morti soffocati dal gas del sistema antincendio all'Archivio di Stato""
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by detection and related controls or manually by the operation of a system actuator.
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There are four means used by the agents to extinguish a fire. They act on the "
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Inhibiting the chain reaction of the above components. Representative agents:
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An extinguishing system which is primarily based on inert gases, such as CO
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620:"Crown House and Kidde fined nearly £700k for gas cylinder carnage"
503:"Asphyxia due to accidental nitrogen gas inhalation: a case report"
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672:
188:
Canisters containing argon gas for use in extinguishing fire in a
394:
460:"Information about the Fire Triangle/Tetrahedron and Combustion"
253:
Reduction or isolation of oxygen: Representative agents: IG-01 (
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1934:
1492:
1446:
640:
293:
285:
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IG-541 Inergen (a blend of 52% nitrogen, 40% argon, and 8% CO
254:
1441:
1402:
National
Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying
308:, NAF P-IV, NAF S-III, NAF S 125, NAF S 227, and Triodide (
208:
16:
Use of inert gases and chemical agents to extinguish a fire
257:); Argonite / IG-55 (ProInert) (a blend of 50% argon, 50%
548:"Gas extinguishing system may blow out walls and windows"
184:
667:
662:
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absence of physical barriers enclosing the fire space.
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1197:Penetrant (mechanical, electrical, or structural)
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134:The examples and perspective in this article
2332:Wildfire suppression equipment and personnel
585:"Atti del Convegno (Conference Proceedings)"
2164:International Association of Fire Fighters
1605:
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1005:Hypoxic air technology for fire prevention
695:
681:
440:Hypoxic air technology for fire prevention
238:Reduction of heat. Representative agents:
1390:Fire Equipment Manufacturers' Association
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172:Learn how and when to remove this message
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
723:Boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion
668:EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
365:Warning sign for fire suppression system
360:
183:
1369:Listing and approval use and compliance
507:Hong Kong Journal of Emergency Medicine
462:. Safelincs Fire & Safety Solutions
413:. The broadcasters upload programs and
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1414:Society of Fire Protection Engineers
676:
342:
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2322:Modular Airborne FireFighting System
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1408:National Fire Protection Association
663:National Fire Protection Association
658:Fire Suppression Systems Association
397:in London, England, that is used by
213:National Fire Protection Association
207:and chemical agents to extinguish a
120:
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
702:
500:
211:. These agents are governed by the
13:
1970:Self-contained breathing apparatus
1670:Firefighter assist and search team
910:Condensed aerosol fire suppression
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14:
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1285:Fire alarm notification appliance
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1695:Fire department ranks by country
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883:
393:had a major incident with their
290:1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane
125:
23:
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2169:International Firefighters' Day
2129:Candidate Physical Ability Test
1046:Vehicle fire suppression system
734:Combustibility and flammability
34:needs additional citations for
1680:Special operations firefighter
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1:
2219:Wildfire emergency management
1786:Hazardous materials apparatus
1396:Institution of Fire Engineers
1353:Fire Safety Evaluation System
1025:Personal protective equipment
445:
1467:GHS precautionary statements
1305:Manual fire alarm activation
381:
242:(NAF S 227, MH227, FM-200),
201:clean agent fire suppression
7:
2194:World Police and Fire Games
2149:Fire protection engineering
1338:Fire protection engineering
1270:Explosive gas leak detector
1087:Electromagnetic door holder
920:External water spray system
634:"Broadcast Centre Incident"
428:
148:, discuss the issue on the
10:
2592:
2442:Glossary of wildfire terms
2174:List of firefighting films
1622:Personnel and organization
1514:Harry C. Bigglestone Award
905:Automatic fire suppression
845:K-factor (fire protection)
519:10.1177/102490791201900108
395:broadcast playout facility
192:without damaging equipment
58:"Gaseous fire suppression"
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2154:Geography of firefighting
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1993:
1814:
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1685:Volunteer fire department
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1548:
1522:
1501:
1429:
1420:Underwriters Laboratories
1382:
1318:
1255:Aspirating smoke detector
1245:
1054:
915:Detonation flame arrester
892:
881:
710:
222:
2472:Template:Fire protection
2189:World Firefighters Games
2083:Gaseous fire suppression
1364:Kitchen exhaust cleaning
1280:Fire alarm control panel
1260:Carbon monoxide detector
1237:Standpipe (firefighting)
1000:Gaseous fire suppression
765:Enthalpy of vaporization
197:Gaseous fire suppression
2159:History of firefighting
1207:Pressurisation ductwork
1172:Firewall (construction)
1020:Passive fire protection
970:Fire suppression system
480:BBC Fire and Security,
277:); and IG-100 (NN100),
2571:Firefighting equipment
2561:Active fire protection
2297:Firefighting apparatus
1985:Thermal imaging camera
1965:Secure information box
1781:Firefighting apparatus
1383:Industry organizations
1348:Fire-resistance rating
1227:Smoke exhaust ductwork
1202:Penetration (firestop)
1192:Packing (firestopping)
900:Active fire protection
860:Spontaneous combustion
491:, accessed 14 May 2021
482:Room Integrity Testing
366:
348:Room integrity testing
328:operated automatically
193:
2342:Wildland water tender
1924:Hydraulic rescue tool
1690:Women in firefighting
1535:Template:Firefighting
1509:Arthur B. Guise Medal
1462:GHS hazard statements
965:Fire sprinkler system
945:Fire-retardant fabric
364:
302:bromotrifluoromethane
250:(NAF S125, ECARO-25).
187:
2383:Wildland fire module
2337:Wildland fire engine
2224:Wildfire suppression
1761:Fire command vehicle
1756:Airport crash tender
1655:Retained firefighter
1319:Professions, trades,
1232:Smokeproof enclosure
1092:Electromagnetic lock
800:Flammability diagram
711:Fundamental concepts
310:Trifluoroiodomethane
306:trifluoroiodomethane
240:Clean agent FS 49 C2
154:create a new article
146:improve this article
136:may not represent a
43:improve this article
2242:Aerial firefighting
2098:Stop, drop and roll
2088:Multiple-alarm fire
1955:Portable water tank
1864:Fire proximity suit
1275:Fire alarm call box
1182:Heat and smoke vent
423:acoustic shock wave
2282:Fire retardant gel
2267:Fire lookout tower
1940:New York roof hook
1791:Light and air unit
1728:Fire lookout tower
1635:Chief fire officer
1247:Fire alarm systems
1062:Annulus (firestop)
990:Flashback arrestor
955:Fire-safe polymers
950:Fire retardant gel
805:Flammability limit
487:2021-04-18 at the
367:
343:Safety precautions
194:
2548:
2547:
2455:
2454:
2447:List of wildfires
2307:Helicopter bucket
2302:Firefighting foam
1904:Hard suction hose
1849:Fire extinguisher
1839:Fire brigade keys
1580:
1579:
1488:Safety data sheet
1483:List of S-phrases
1478:List of R-phrases
1374:Sprinkler fitting
1265:Circuit integrity
1137:Fire extinguisher
975:Firefighting foam
870:Thermal radiation
248:pentafluoroethane
182:
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156:, as appropriate.
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2576:Industrial gases
2566:Fire suppression
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2144:Fire photography
1926:("Jaws of life")
1884:Fireman's switch
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1472:Life Safety Code
1077:Compartmentation
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810:Flammable liquid
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562:. Archived from
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415:continuity links
229:fire tetrahedron
203:, is the use of
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2247:Controlled burn
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2198:
2139:Fire engine red
2117:
2108:Two-in, two-out
2063:Fireman's carry
1989:
1889:Flame retardant
1810:
1771:Fire motorcycle
1742:
1716:Fire department
1699:
1650:Station officer
1630:Battalion chief
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1167:Firestop pillow
1102:Emergency light
1055:Building design
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1041:Tank blanketing
1010:Inerting system
985:Flame retardant
935:Fire protection
930:Fire prevention
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744:Dangerous goods
706:
704:Fire protection
701:
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643:. 20 June 2022.
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489:Wayback Machine
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435:Fire protection
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2028:Door breaching
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1310:Smoke detector
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1295:Flame detector
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1067:Area of refuge
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566:on 2011-07-26
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271:Inert Gas 541
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60: –
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54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
2538:
2526:
2514:
2502:
2490:
2399:Ancient Rome
2373:Hotshot crew
2358:Fire lookout
2257:Fire flapper
2082:
2048:Fire control
2013:Chimney fire
1899:Halligan bar
1874:Fire shelter
1859:Fire hydrant
1834:Fire blanket
1829:Escape chair
1806:Water tender
1733:Fire station
1660:Fire marshal
1640:Fire captain
1614:Firefighting
1570:
1558:
1457:Flame spread
1343:Fireproofing
1321:and services
1222:Smoke damper
1212:Safety glass
1147:Fire hydrant
1112:Fire curtain
1072:Booster pump
1031:Relief valve
999:
995:Fusible link
785:Fire loading
780:Fire control
750:Deflagration
628:
614:
605:
596:
579:
568:. Retrieved
564:the original
551:
542:
530:. Retrieved
510:
506:
501:Tür (2012).
496:
476:
464:. Retrieved
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196:
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168:
159:
135:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2392:By location
2378:Smokejumper
2235:and tactics
2113:Ventilation
2053:Fire safety
2038:False alarm
1995:Terminology
1945:PASS device
1919:Hose bridge
1909:Hazmat suit
1844:Fire bucket
1824:Bunker gear
1766:Fire engine
1711:Drill tower
1665:Fire police
1177:Grease duct
1132:Fire escape
1122:Fire damper
1015:Intumescent
960:Fire safety
925:Fire bucket
820:Flash point
357:Suffocation
317:Application
298:haloalkanes
205:inert gases
190:server room
2555:Categories
2424:Washington
2419:California
2287:Fire trail
2233:Equipment
2073:Flash fire
2043:Fire class
2023:Deluge gun
1960:Rotary saw
1930:Kelly tool
1894:Fog nozzle
1738:Hose tower
1704:Facilities
1645:Fire chief
1474:(NFPA 101)
1437:CE marking
1290:Fire drill
893:Technology
790:Fire point
775:Fire class
755:Detonation
639:. London:
570:2009-04-14
446:References
244:Novec 1230
69:newspapers
2404:Australia
2351:Personnel
2312:Hose pack
2292:Firebreak
2272:Fire rake
2262:Fire hose
2252:Driptorch
2204:Wildfires
2134:Fire camp
2078:Flashover
2008:Barn fire
2003:Backdraft
1854:Fire hose
1816:Equipment
1748:Apparatus
1430:Standards
1359:Fire test
1187:Occupancy
1152:Fire pump
1142:Fire hose
1127:Fire door
1107:Exit sign
1082:Crash bar
855:Pyrolysis
850:Pool fire
815:Flashover
770:Explosive
718:Backdraft
560:1797-1993
513:: 46–48.
411:ViacomCBS
407:Channel 5
403:Channel 4
382:Accidents
150:talk page
99:July 2007
2515:Glossary
2491:Category
2460:See also
2368:Helitack
2363:Handcrew
2093:Rollover
2068:Firewall
1776:Fireboat
1675:Handcrew
1559:Category
1523:See also
1452:EN 16034
1162:Firestop
1117:Fire cut
840:Jet fire
830:Gas leak
746:(HAZMAT)
729:Boilover
485:Archived
429:See also
279:nitrogen
259:nitrogen
162:May 2021
144:You may
2539:Outline
2503:Commons
2414:History
2327:Pulaski
2212:General
1950:The pig
1571:Commons
1404:(NCEES)
725:(BLEVE)
532:16 June
527:6835532
466:25 June
419:servers
83:scholar
2317:McLeod
2179:Muster
1502:Awards
1416:(SFPE)
1410:(NFPA)
1392:(FEMA)
1355:(FSES)
558:
525:
223:Theory
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
2527:Index
2435:Lists
2033:Draft
1975:Siren
1935:Nomex
1796:Quint
1493:UL 94
1447:EN 54
1398:(IFE)
1027:(PPE)
641:OFCOM
637:(PDF)
588:(PDF)
523:S2CID
294:FE-25
286:FE-13
261:); CO
255:argon
152:, or
90:JSTOR
76:books
1721:list
1442:EN 3
1422:(UL)
556:ISSN
534:2022
468:2022
409:and
209:fire
62:news
515:doi
231:":
45:by
2557::
604:.
550:.
521:.
511:19
509:.
505:.
405:,
401:,
312:).
304:,
300:,
296:,
292:,
288:,
269:;
265:,
246:,
1606:e
1599:t
1592:v
696:e
689:t
682:v
622:.
608:.
590:.
573:.
536:.
517::
470:.
371:2
281:.
275:2
263:2
175:)
169:(
164:)
160:(
142:.
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
