833:, and then the All-Union Research Institute. In 1960, the building of the palace was removed from the account of the GIOP, the authority for historical and cultural monuments in the Leningrad area, but this status was restored in the 1970s. In 1961, the architect Mikhail Plotnikov initiated the development of a project to restore the Gatchina Palace, including taking architectural measurements and searching archival materials. Interior design drawings were made for the first and second floors, with the restoration of the interiors pinned to their state in 1890. The restored Gatchina Palace was not intended to become a museum again, but to be used permanently by the All-Union Research Institute. Despite the research, Plotnikov's plan was ultimately not implemented, and cancelled in 1963.
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a balcony which creates a play of volumes. The body is connected by two half circles of galleries with two three-storey blocks which are almost square in plan. The corners of the corridors are highlighted by the octagonal three-tiered towers, two of which, adjoining the galleries, are completed with domes. The layout of the palace creates a feeling of plasticity and integrity of the building as a whole, and each of its elements in particular, is enhanced by the alternation of the extended volumes and protruding faceted towers.
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940:. Brenna created a new decoration of the palace halls, which combined strict antique architectural forms with baroque splendour. The architect used classical architectural orders, mouldings, gilding, complex ornamental compositions, draperies and tapestries. Some rooms were painted by painter Scotti. In some premises not only the decoration was changed, but also the architectural execution. The decoration by Rinaldi has been preserved only partially.
411:, as large estates were typically built within a short distance of the city center. Construction was slow, with the main structure only being completed by the end of 1768 and work on the exterior decoration not being completed until 1772, with the interior delayed further into the late 1770s. The Great Gatchina Palace was finally completed in 1781, almost 15 years after construction began, and Orlov died only two years later in 1783.
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463:, naming areas of the park "The Isle of Love", "The Private garden", "The Holland garden" and "The Labyrinth". In 1796, after the death of his mother, Paul became Tsar Paul I of Russia, and granted Gatchina the status of Imperial City, a designation for the official residences of the Russian monarchs. After the death of Paul in 1801, Gatchina Palace came into the ownership of his wife
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568:, who used it as his second residence. Alexander built a hunting village and other additions for his imperial hunting crew, and turned the area south of Gatchina into a retreat where he and his guests could enjoy the unspoiled wilderness of northwestern Russia. Alexander II also made updates and renovations in the main Gatchina Palace until
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Looking at the general plan of the palace, three main parts are distinguished. The central body is an elongated rectangle, the corners of which are adjoined by two five-sided pentahedron towers. On the south side of the central block, opposite the park, is a recess with three entrance door arches and
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from 1968 to 1998. For 8 years, Yolkina appealed officials of different levels for a restoration, and the All-Union
Research Institute relinquished use of the building. In 1976, Mikhail Plotnikov was invited to restore Gatchina Palace again, and developed a new project for the restoration of the main
933:. The decoration of the palace's rooms, created at that time, was characterised by delicate and refined mouldings, as well as parquet flooring made of precious wood. The walls were decorated with stylized flowers, fruits and plant shoots. The stucco work was carried out by skilled Italian craftsmen.
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The palace building is situated on an elevated site, dominating the surrounding landscape. The northern facade of the building faces the park and overlooks the slope descending to Silver Lake, beyond which the palace park with the vast White Lake extends. The southern facade of the palace blocks the
912:, who was involved in the design and construction of the palace, synthesised the typological features of similar buildings, creating an architectural fantasy on the theme of a knightly hunting castle. Several later reconstructions of the palace did not have much of an impact on the original concept.
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In 1900 an experimental 200 metres long monorail line constructed by
Ippolit W. Romanow was built in the garden of Gatchina Palace. It was planned to build according its design a monorail line between Saint Petersburg and Moscow, which was however never realized. The monorail does not exist any more
676:, and on the decision of the new government on 27 May 1917, commissions for the acceptance and inventory of palaces. The Gatchina commission was led by Valentin Platonovich Zubov, a prominent art critic and founder of the Russian Institute of Art History, who eventually converted the palace into a
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victory, the
Gatchina Palace returned to its function as a museum. The data on attendance in the first years after its opening showed it was visited by the largest number of visitors, with more than 21,000 visitors in 1921. In 1926, Gatchina Palace was stripped of all unnecessary items, such as
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with the most valuable exhibits sent east and one echelon was sent to
Leningrad (Saint Petersburg). The remaining property was located in the basement of the palace, part of a large sculpture was buried in the park, and the others stored in an area closed with
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significantly increased funds. The full restoration of the palace and park was planned by 2012, however, due to the economic issues the financing was postponed and restoration work has again slowed. Gatchina Palace became a popular filming location in
797:. On 9 September, the remaining staff of the museum were evacuated, and on the same day a tower was damaged by a shell, while another shell exploded in the park near the palace. Gatchina Palace was subsequently occupied by the
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until
January 1944, when it was abandoned during the German retreat. They set fire to the palace, destroying the historic interior and gutting parts of palace, and stole some of the remaining valuables. A German soldier left
788:. On 24 August, shells damaged the square, and on 3 September, an air bomb caused considerable damage to the courtyard. It was not possible to carry out the complete evacuation of the valuables in the palace, with only four
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There are two main phases in the creation of the interiors of the
Gatchina Palace. The original decoration of the palace's interiors was created in the 1770s and 1780s, to designs by the chief architect of the palace,
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853:. The first interiors of the palace were opened for viewing on 8 May 1985, to celebrate the 40th anniversary of victory in World War II. Funds allocated for the restoration of the palace were minimal following
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to make it an exemplary palace and town. In the 1790s Paul expanded and rebuilt much of the palace, commissioning
Vincenzo Brenna and Andrei Zakharov with the renovations. The interiors were redone in the
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and painters
Scherbakov and Miropolsky took part in the decoration of the church. Some of the rooms of the palace were redecorated in the 1860s and 1870s, under the direction of the architect Kuzmin.
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The museum was eventually reopened in the palace alongside the All-Union
Research Institute, and restoration of the building was resumed thanks to the efforts of A. S. Yolkina, the main
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587:" after the Tsar's reactionary policies. Alexander III spent most of his time living in Gatchina Palace, where he signed decrees, held diplomatic receptions, theatrical performances,
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persuaded the
Cossacks to surrender Kerensky, however, Kerensky fled Gatchina Palace disguised as a sailor. On 15 November, Bolshevik troops entered Gatchina and arrested Krasnov.
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Following Orlov's death, Catherine took such a great liking to Gatchina Palace and its accompanying park that she bought it from his heirs. She presented it to her son, Grand Duke
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Later, some of the rooms were also altered. In 1800, the architect Zakharov completed the decoration of the palace church, which was begun by Brenna. The sculptors Prokofyev,
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decoration was conducted by sculptor-modeler L. A. Strizhova, and painting works were performed by a team of restorers under the direction of Yakov Kazakov, a member of the
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could begin in 1948. The return of the museum was not planned because it was considered unprofitable, and saved items from the collections were transferred by order of the
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three years earlier, resulting in her becoming empress. Orlov was a favorite of Catherine's, and Gatchina Manor was gifted to him as gratitude for his role in the
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architecture style began on a hill next to Lake Serebryany on the grounds of Gatchina Manor. Catherine and Orlov commissioned the new palace to be designed by
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halls (the second floor of the main building) to their state at the end of the 18th century, the period of the palace's prime. Restoration of the
615:, and his siblings, spent their youth in the Gatchina Palace, although, after his 1894 acession to the throne, Nicholas and his family would make
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connecting Gatchina and Saint Petersburg was opened, and the territory of Gatchina was expanded with several villages in the vicinity being
438:, in Saint Petersburg. During the years before coming to the throne, Paul limited his remaining budget on investing in building the town of
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954:, in 1944, a fire destroyed the decoration of all the palace halls. Restoration of the interiors began in 1976 and continues to this day.
498:, who initiated major reconstruction works of the palace, particularly of its grounds. Roman Ivanovich Kuzmin, the chief architect of the
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who was particularly popular in Russia at the time. Rinaldi's design contained Russian architectural features combined with those of a
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273:, located on a hill in central Gatchina next to Lake Serebryany. The Gatchina Palace became one of the favourite residences of the
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state. It was largest of the palaces-museums in the suburbs of Petrograd and was often called the "Suburban Hermitage".
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The Gatchina Palace is the centre, architectural and stylistic symbol of the palace and park ensemble. The architect
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510:, and because the main building no longer dominated the palace Kuzmin had its towers raised an extra storey. A new
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When Gatchina was retaken by the Red Army, the palace's remains were protected with temporary shields until basic
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on a wall with the inscription "We were here. We will not return here. If Ivan comes, everything will be empty".
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On 1 August 1850, a monument to Tsar Paul I was erected at the parade grounds. Another was later built at the
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levels added underneath, and decoration remodelled. The adjoining buildings were also raised in height by one
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738:. The White forces were defeated, and Red soldiers who died in the battle were buried in the parade grounds.
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for storage in 24 museums across the country. From 1950 to 1959, Gatchina Palace housed a branch of the
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make small alterations in the palace to adapt it "in case of winter stay". In 1835, a signal optical
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The museum was later opened on 19 May 1918. Gatchina Palace was the site of fighting in 1919, when
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and costumed balls, and other events and entertainment. Alexander III introduced technological
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view of the park with its massing, accentuating the architectural appearance of the building.
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mined in Paritsy for the main exterior of the buildings, and pudost stone from Pudost for the
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exploded next to the palace, and by the end of the month the city was within reach of German
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623:, widow of Alexander III, was the patron of the city of Gatchina, the palace and its parks.
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In the 1790s, the interior of the palace underwent a major makeover under the direction of
579:, who was advised that he and his family would be safer at the palace as opposed to at the
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saw the museum at Gatchina Palace evacuated to protect the building and valuables from
715:. Kerensky and Krasnov were forced to retreat back to Gatchina after being stopped at
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672:. The abdication meant Gatchina Palace ceased to belong to the royal family and became
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1170:. A. N. Petrov (2-e izd., ispr. i dop ed.). Sankt-Peterburg: Izd-vo S. Khodova.
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meant that funds for the restoration continued to be minimal until 2006, when the
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into the city. The following year Gatchina Palace came under the ownership of
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407:. Gatchina Palace became the first palace to be located in Saint Petersburg's
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status as part of numerous historic sites in the Saint Petersburg area.
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Cultural heritage monuments of federal significance in Leningrad Oblast
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Chandeliers, sconces, candelabras and standard-lamps of Gatchina Palace
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In the early 20th century, increasing instability in Russia led to the
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around his new palace, and used his experience from his travels around
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and work slowed. In 1990, Gatchina Palace and its grounds received
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Panorama of the Great Gatchina Palace's southern facade in 2010
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Aerial photo of Great Gatchina Palace's northern facade with
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In the 1840s, Gatchina Palace was now in the ownership of
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entered Gatchina in an attempt to take the town from the
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in Saint Petersburg, and became known as "The Citadel of
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style, numerous additions were added to the park such as
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Gatchina Palace was passed to his shaken son, the new
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featuring a miniature replica of the Gatchina Palace.
1112:. New York: The Macmillan Company. pp. 328–332.
1229:Applies And Decorative Arts at the Gatchina Palace
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719:by Red forces on 12 November. On 14 November,
607:network, non-freezing water pipes and a modern
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338:40 kilometers (25 mi) south of the royal
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680:and became its first director. Following the
547:Russian Grand Priory of the Order of St John
16:Palace in Gatchina, Leningrad Oblast, Russia
778:. On 15 August 1941, a bomb dropped by the
695:On 9 November 1917, Alexander Kerensky and
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1593:1781 establishments in the Russian Empire
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346:. Catherine presented the manor to Count
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360:. On 30 May 1766, construction of a new
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640:(further informations are required)
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475:was installed on one of the towers.
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553:of Paul I dated 23 August 1799.
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261:. The Gatchina Palace combines
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1108:Chamberlin, William (1935).
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1164:Makarov, V. K. (2005).
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1132:. Gatchina: ST︠S︡DB.
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709:Tsarskoye Selo
690:White Movement
674:state property
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593:modernizations
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389:hunting castle
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1552:Pella Palace
1536:Catherinehof
1469:Likani Villa
1311:
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1128:
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1103:
1085:
1074:
1062:. Retrieved
1058:
1049:
1037:. Retrieved
1030:
952:World War II
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449:Neoclassical
429:
420:Neoclassical
355:
321:
302:Imperial era
214:
212:
25:
1543:in Peterhof
1459:Langinkoski
1444:Helsingfors
1327:Oranienbaum
1064:3 September
867:Russian era
856:perestroika
851:Lenin Prize
751:furniture,
589:masquerades
556:In 1854, a
488:Fabergé egg
357:coup d'etat
312:Count Orlov
287:public park
191:1990 (14th
188:Inscription
118: /
93:Coordinates
1587:Categories
1514:Historical
1449:Kachanivka
1010:References
999:Birch Gate
742:Soviet era
728:White Army
668:headed by
572:in 1881.
424:Eduard Hau
403:above the
316:Eduard Hau
271:classicism
245:for Count
103:59°33′48″N
1483:In Crimea
1439:Białowież
1186:191258144
1148:313373666
799:Wehrmacht
786:artillery
781:Luftwaffe
605:telephone
585:Autocracy
528:cast iron
473:telegraph
461:pavilions
397:vestibule
393:limestone
374:architect
366:Classical
322:In 1765,
178:Reference
139:Completed
106:30°6′27″E
68:Classical
1521:Annenhof
1454:Kadriorg
1434:Belweder
1167:Gatchina
1093:Archived
1055:"Priory"
993:See also
985:Gatchina
825:and the
804:graffiti
795:sandbags
790:echelons
736:Red Army
701:Cossacks
558:railroad
532:bastions
504:basement
440:Gatchina
399:and the
231:Gatchina
169:Criteria
78:Gatchina
74:Location
958:Gallery
950:During
945:Brullov
910:Rinaldi
838:curator
757:carpets
703:of the
597:heaters
516:balcony
453:bridges
426:, 1877.
409:suburbs
405:cornice
401:parapet
386:English
384:and an
364:in the
340:capital
318:, 1880.
297:History
225:) is a
219:Russian
193:Session
1557:Ropsha
1184:
1174:
1146:
1136:
1079:Palace
1039:24 May
1035:. 2019
882:cinema
843:stucco
761:Soviet
753:bronze
678:museum
609:sewage
551:decree
524:marble
512:canopy
508:storey
459:, and
444:Europe
362:palace
283:museum
255:suburb
239:Russia
227:palace
86:Russia
827:RSFSR
549:by a
457:gates
378:Italy
376:from
372:, an
336:manor
1182:OCLC
1172:ISBN
1144:OCLC
1134:ISBN
1066:2022
1041:2019
894:and
871:The
603:, a
534:and
486:, a
482:The
285:and
213:The
200:Area
142:1781
134:1766
692:.
342:of
229:in
182:540
1589::
1180:.
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1057:.
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1018:^
900:.
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455:,
237:,
233:,
221::
84:,
80:,
1277:e
1270:t
1263:v
1188:.
1150:.
1068:.
1043:.
217:(
195:)
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
