505:; although this represented a small portion of the total public buses, it allowed for tensions to grow between the Haredi community and the rest of the population. Private bus lines were established all across Israel, caused issues to arise especially where such lines were the only viable form of transportation in the area. Mehadrin bus lines became more prevalent in areas that had a high concentration of Haredi communities. Due to the segregation rules, the status of women became a direct issue in the Israeli community. When many of the buses became overcrowded, enforcing the segregation rules became harder, and many of the Haredi men complained about having to touch passengers of the opposite sex.
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264:– separate women's section in the synagogue, in which women prayer leaders mediated between the main services and the women's prayers, in a manner again very much determined by the initiatives of women. Today, some more liberal Orthodox congregations have enacted innovations allowing women a greater sense of participation, as long as they remain on their side of the mechitza. Mechitzot are not only found in synagogues during prayer services, but in other aspects of Jewish life such as festivities, like weddings, lectures, concerts, and b'nei mitzvah.
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279:. In recent years, the Western Wall in Jerusalem has become a site of conflict and contention between liberal and feminist Jews. The Western Wall has been defended by the Orthodox faith for generations, which is why many of the traditions have been maintained such as gender segregation. Many Orthodox Jews believe that in order to keep the sanctity of the wall, proper gender roles must be adhered. In the mid-twentieth century, a
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women were forced off the bus or subjected to physical or verbal abuse when not appropriately dressed, or when sitting near the front of the bus. Although a myriad of protests occurred to stop the segregation it was defended by many, including rabbinic leaders and some members of the Haredi community, as intrinsic to the Haredi way of life.
306:; the supreme court also recognized that the wall was "owned" by the Orthodox sector, but felt that women had the right to pray how they wish. After the supreme court ruled upon this, some Haredi Jewish men tried to petition the court to criminalize women who read from the Torah, wore a tallit, or blew
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During the 1990s, members of the Haredi sector began making requests for public transport services be compatible with what they claimed was the character of their community in Israel. This entailed the segregation of men and women on public transportation such as buses. When this movement first began
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observed "the urgent need to reach a permanent solution and make the
Western Wall once again a symbol of unity among the Jewish people, and not one of discord and strife". The Israeli high court finally affirmed in 2000 the right to have women pray at the wall according to their custom, whether it be
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Women following the laws of tzniut will wear a long T-shirt style dress over their bathing suit that meets tzniut requirements, considering this to be sufficient for swimming in the presence of men. Men, though, are more strict about the presence of immodestly-dressed women, due to concerns over the
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at the Wall. In 2003 this petition was looked at by the
Israeli court and the court appealed the previously passed bill, the reasoning behind the repeal was because women praying at the wall would be a threat to public safety. The courts decision to once again limit women's rights at the Wall came
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Separation of men and women also was established later within the
Rabbinic Law, which established daily communal prayers binding to men only, and the central area of the synagogue was only allowed to be occupied by men as well. However, during the early modern period, Moshe Rosman noted that, women
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on the grounds that the gender segregation on buses was supported by the religious community and should be respected. After the denial of the Israel Women's
Network, modesty guards, super Haredi men who attempted to enforce the segregation rules themselves, began to appear on buses. In some cases
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requirements. In particular, a woman who comes dressed in a bathing suit to a pool is appearing publicly not meeting the requirements of tzniut, and a man who comes to a pool where women are dressed in bathing suits will inevitably see women dressed in this manner. Indeed, many pools within Jewish
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accused WoW of ulterior motives of trying to change the customs at the Wall. Responding to
Rabinowitz' accusation, Anat Hoffman noted: "Rabinowitz has never invited Women of the Wall or any other women to participate in the ceremonies or to be honored with the lighting of a candle at the Kotel on
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At Kiryas Joel, a
Hasidic community in New York, a public park was opened that included separate sections for boys and girls, with a great distance between. Rabbi Gedalia Segdin, the town's treasurer, announced the park would be under the scrutiny of the town "Modesty Committee" to ensure gender
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launched a campaign for recognition of women's right to pray at the Wall in their fashion. Their form and manner of prayer elicited a violent response from some
Orthodox worshippers, and they were initially banned from holding services at the site. In response to the repeated arrests of women,
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was set up at the wall to maintain and enforce gender separation; this caused conflict between the Haredi Jews and the Arabs. The progressives responded to these actions by the
Orthodox sector, by claiming that "the Wall is a shrine of all Jews, not one particular branch of Judaism" In 1988,
494:. The Langenthal committee decided that segregation was to be voluntary, and could be adhered to by the Haredi Jews, but it could not to be enforced on others. Though on city run buses it was not enforced, private buses could enforce these segregation rules. These buses were called
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Some Haredi communities enforce, or attempt to enforce, gender segregation on sidewalks. In New Square, New York, signs remain posted telling women to abide by modesty rules, and streets are strictly separated by gender, with women on the opposite side as men. In the
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airlines has future plans to fly single-gender flights for Haredi Jews following this practice. In 2017, the
Jerusalem Magistrates Court ruled that employees of airlines could not request female passengers change their seats just because men wish them to.
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The first mention of a mechitza is in the context of the second temple itself, the temple contained an inner court and a Women's court. Separation was first instituted just for the once-a-year celebration of the annual "Water-Drawing
Ceremony",
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When Haredi have attempted to enforce gender segregation on public transportation such as buses and airlines, conflict with anti-discrimination laws have sometimes ensued. There have been complaints by airline passengers such as
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Hanukkah, despite the fact that women are obligated equally to men in this religious act.” In 2014 the personal menorahs the women brought to the Kotel were initially confiscated, but they were returned when police were called.
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buses became more popular the Israeli women's network petitioned the high court arguing that the segregation policy on mehadrin lines discriminated against women. The Israeli Supreme Court denied the application of the
876:"Judy Maltz 'Sarah Silverman joins Women activists at Western Wall Hanukkah ceremony: Kotel security confiscates prayer group's menorahs, returned only after complaint lodged with police.' (18 December 2014) Haaretz"
252:, held on the second night of the autumn Sukkot festival. However, women regularly entered the Beit Hamikdash Holy area at all other times just as any Israelite man could to bring their personal sacrifices.
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is used to divide the men and women, and often to block the view from one section to the other. The reason for this is that a man might be distracted during prayer if he spots a beautiful woman.
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have taken on the practice of separate seating while traveling. These range from abstaining from sitting adjacent to a member of the opposite sex, to having separate vehicles altogether.
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is erected in the men's section of the Western Wall and each night of the eight nights of the festival, male rabbis and male politicians are honored, while women must peer over the
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signs distributed throughout the park making sure everyone kept to their specified section. Civil rights organizations protested gender segregation in a public space in New York.
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began attending synagogue more often, which reflected on the changes to synagogue architecture. Changes that occurred to synagogue architecture included, the construction of the
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private transport services emerged and began to cater to Haredi demands. Due to these new bus lines a new committee was instituted in the Ministry of Transportation, led by
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Reform Judaism has been approaching the theme in a less discriminatory way, including both genders at the traditional Shabbat, which replaces Bar Mitzvah with Confirmation.
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details a series of laws forbidding interaction between persons of the opposite sex who are not married or closely related. Some of the prohibitions include
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on the phenomenon on Haredi males asking female passengers on airlines to move. IRAC had started a campaign urging women not to give up their seats.
447:, but the ruling was too late as the performance was almost over. This was one of hundreds of gender segregated events the city hosted that summer.
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for violating anti-discrimination laws. The station refused to employ female broadcasters and did not take calls from female listeners.
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At many Orthodox weddings and b’nei mitzvah, seating at the ceremony, and often the reception, is separate, sometimes with a mechitza.
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Reform, Conservative, or Orthodox. This new law included the right for women to be able to pray aloud, read from the Torah, and wear a
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who have been subjected to Haredi male passengers attempting to impose gender segregation on flights. The New York Times interviewed
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and to prevent men and women from mingling. Other streams of Judaism rarely separate genders any more than secular western society.
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1:5, Yosi ben Yochanan says that a man who spends too much time talking to women, even his wife, neglects the study of
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Orthodox Jews do not participate in mixed dancing, since dancing in most forms involves some contact between dancers.
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from a place of fear, that if they did not limit their rights that there would be an uprising by the Haredi sector.
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roughly 10 meters away to view the menorah. At the Women of the Wall ceremony, women brought their personal
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864:"Maltz, Judy 'Rabbi bans Women of the Wall's Hanukkah candle-lighting ceremony' (14 December 2014) Haaretz"
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Feldheim, Miriam (2013). "Balancing Women's Rights and Religious Rights: The Issue of Bus Segregation".
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communities have separate hours for male and female swimming to accommodate those who follow this law.
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Many Orthodox Jews believe that men and women should not swim together. The laws prohibiting
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Conservative, Reform and other types of synagogues generally do not have separate seating.
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ORTHODOX VILLAGE KIRYAS JOEL WILL STOP SEX-SEGREGATING PUBLIC PARK IT CLAIMED DIDN'T EXIST
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Wolosky, Shira (2009). "Foucault and Jewish Feminism: The Meḥitzah as Dividing Practice".
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Public performances from female singers are discouraged in Haredi communities due to
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701:"The Political Transformation of Gender Traditions at the Western Wall in Jerusalem"
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584:"Part 2 Ch. 152 Kitzur Shulchan Aruch Linear Translation by Yona Newman© 1999-2012"
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From the Archive: First rumblings in the battle for pluralism at the Western Wall
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section of Jerusalem, some Haredi Jews have also tried to segregate sidewalks.
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During prayer services in Orthodox synagogues, seating is always separate. A
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By 2010, there were approximately fifty public bus services designated as
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A sign forbidding men entering the women's section a Tel-Aviv beach, 1927
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http://www.haaretz.com/jewish-world/jewish-world-news/.premium-1.631730
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permits women to look at men in a synagogue during prayer services.
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There are a variety of reasons in Judaism for gender separation.
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Nashim: A Journal of Jewish Women's Studies & Gender Issues
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banned a gender segregated concert from taking place in
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Women of the Wall has also protested the fact that at
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Shofar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Jewish Studies
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http://womenofthewall.org.il/2014/12/light-one-candle/
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In 2012, Haredi radio station Kol Berama was sued by
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895:Encyclopedia.com
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880:
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843:
837:
836:
824:
818:
817:
815:
813:
804:. Archived from
794:
788:
787:
786:on 8 March 2016.
782:. Archived from
772:
766:
760:
754:
753:
720:
696:
685:
682:The Women's Wall
679:
673:
672:
621:
610:
609:
603:
595:
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569:
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475:Renee Rabinowitz
173:Orthodox Judaism
171:, especially in
160:
157:
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128:
120:
113:
106:
102:
99:
93:
91:
50:
26:
18:
3198:
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3187:
3158:
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3156:
3151:
3096:
3071:Separate school
2976:
2970:
2885:
2837:
2688:
2620:
2617:
2587:
2582:
2540:
2517:
2350:
2270:Sabbatical year
2258:
2204:
2162:
2084:
2076:
2046:
2041:
2001:
1999:
1991:
1966:
1946:
1903:
1884:Di Vilde Chayes
1867:
1818:Cantors Network
1698:Chochmat Nashim
1662:
1633:Toanot Rabniyot
1626:Yoetzet halacha
1599:Religious roles
1590:
1565:Tefillin Barbie
1531:
1459:
1419:Marital harmony
1392:
1339:
1318:Jewish feminism
1302:
1242:
1177:
1172:
1142:
1141:
1094:
1075:
1065:
1063:
1053:
1049:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1032:
1028:
1013:
1009:
1003:IRAC Newsletter
1001:
997:
987:
985:
975:
971:
961:
959:
956:Times of Israel
950:
949:
945:
937:
933:
925:
921:
913:
909:
899:
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887:
883:
875:
871:
863:
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854:Wayback Machine
844:
840:
825:
821:
811:
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808:on 8 March 2016
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613:
597:
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587:
582:
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577:
567:
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561:
560:
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551:
533:Women in Israel
524:
463:
439:. In 2019, the
429:
416:
403:
395:Modern Orthodox
352:
341:
273:
234:
228:
223:
205:Chapter 152 of
185:
161:
155:
152:
145:
133:This article's
129:
114:
103:
97:
94:
51:
49:
39:
27:
12:
11:
5:
3196:
3186:
3185:
3180:
3175:
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3149:
3137:
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3135:
3130:
3125:
3108:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3041:Nuremberg Laws
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3016:Ghetto benches
3013:
3011:Discrimination
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2992:
2991:
2980:
2978:
2972:
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2969:
2968:
2963:
2958:
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2952:
2951:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2924:Ethnopluralism
2921:
2920:
2919:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2893:
2891:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2883:
2878:
2873:
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2836:
2835:
2834:
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2827:
2826:
2821:
2809:
2804:
2794:
2792:United Kingdom
2789:
2784:
2779:
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2769:
2764:
2759:
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2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
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2566:
2559:
2554:
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2539:
2538:
2531:
2525:
2523:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2510:
2503:
2500:Yad soledet bo
2496:
2489:
2484:
2477:
2470:
2468:Self-sacrifice
2465:
2458:
2453:
2450:Pikuach nefesh
2446:
2439:
2432:
2425:
2418:
2413:
2402:
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2212:
2206:
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2203:
2202:
2200:Ritual washing
2197:
2190:
2183:
2178:
2172:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2160:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2135:
2127:
2123:Kiddush hashem
2119:
2111:
2107:Geneivat da'at
2103:
2099:Chillul hashem
2094:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2075:
2074:
2067:
2060:
2052:
2043:
2042:
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2029:
2019:
2009:
1996:
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1984:
1978:
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1875:
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1858:Women's Spirit
1855:
1850:
1845:
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1835:
1830:
1825:
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1815:
1810:
1805:
1803:Philomath Club
1800:
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1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1213:
1212:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1185:
1183:
1182:General topics
1179:
1178:
1171:
1170:
1163:
1156:
1148:
1140:
1139:
1073:
1047:
1026:
1007:
995:
969:
943:
931:
919:
907:
881:
869:
857:
838:
819:
789:
767:
755:
686:
674:
611:
575:
553:
552:
550:
547:
546:
545:
540:
535:
530:
523:
520:
467:Haredi Judaism
462:
461:Transportation
459:
428:
425:
415:
412:
402:
399:
351:
348:
340:
337:
272:
269:
230:Main article:
227:
224:
222:
219:
184:
181:
163:
162:
142:the key points
132:
130:
123:
116:
115:
30:
28:
21:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3195:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3148:
3147:
3138:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3119:
3118:
3109:
3107:
3106:Pillarisation
3103:
3102:
3099:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3026:Jim Crow laws
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2973:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2902:Balkanization
2900:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2888:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2840:
2832:
2829:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2815:
2814:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2798:
2797:United States
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2691:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2623:
2614:
2609:
2607:
2602:
2600:
2595:
2594:
2591:
2579:
2578:
2574:
2572:
2571:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2552:High Holidays
2550:
2549:
2547:
2545:Related boxes
2543:
2537:
2536:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2514:
2513:Relative hour
2511:
2509:
2508:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2497:
2495:
2494:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2482:
2481:Shomea k'oneh
2478:
2476:
2475:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2463:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2451:
2447:
2445:
2444:
2440:
2438:
2437:
2433:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2424:
2423:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2387:
2386:
2382:
2380:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2365:
2364:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2342:
2340:
2339:
2335:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2326:
2325:
2321:
2319:
2318:
2314:
2312:
2311:
2307:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2282:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2263:Agrarian laws
2261:
2255:
2254:Homosexuality
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2234:
2230:
2228:
2227:
2223:
2221:
2220:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2168:Ritual purity
2165:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2082:
2081:
2073:
2068:
2066:
2061:
2059:
2054:
2053:
2050:
2038:
2030:
2028:
2020:
2018:
2010:
2008:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1982:Rachel's Tomb
1980:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1953:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1922:
1921:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1783:N'shei Chabad
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
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1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1671:Organizations
1669:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1597:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1561:
1560:
1555:
1553:
1552:
1548:
1546:
1545:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1526:
1525:Homosexuality
1523:
1522:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1515:Birth control
1513:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1504:
1501:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1490:
1489:
1485:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1477:
1476:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1454:
1453:
1449:
1448:
1447:
1444:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1434:Ritual purity
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1424:Head covering
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1395:
1389:
1387:
1382:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1346:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
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1263:
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1258:
1255:
1252:
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1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1214:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1169:
1164:
1162:
1157:
1155:
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1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1092:
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1080:
1078:
1062:
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1036:
1030:
1022:
1018:
1011:
1004:
999:
984:
980:
973:
957:
953:
947:
940:
935:
928:
923:
916:
911:
896:
892:
891:"Bar Mitzvah"
889:Turro, J. C.
885:
879:
873:
867:
861:
855:
851:
848:
842:
834:
830:
823:
807:
803:
799:
793:
785:
781:
777:
771:
764:
759:
751:
747:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
719:
714:
710:
706:
702:
695:
693:
691:
683:
678:
670:
666:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
620:
618:
616:
607:
601:
585:
579:
564:
558:
554:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
525:
519:
516:
511:
506:
504:
499:
497:
493:
487:
484:
480:
476:
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1194:In the Bible
1104:(2): 73–94.
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40:Please help
35:verification
32:
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3001:Black Codes
2949:labor camps
2856:Afghanistan
2287:First tithe
2181:Handwashing
2157:Yetzer hara
2139:Lifnei iver
2131:Lashon hara
2037:WikiProject
1551:Tseno Ureno
1409:Matchmaking
1371:bat mitzvah
1360:Simchat bat
1356:Zeved habat
1293:(2003–2010)
711:(1): 5–34.
632:(1): 9–32.
408:Mea Shearim
258:weibershule
192:Pirkei Avot
3178:Jewish law
3162:Categories
3104:See also:
3092:Xenophobia
2944:Internment
2929:Ethnocracy
2522:Punishment
2429:Marit ayin
2297:Poor tithe
1657:Firzogerin
1377:For adults
590:20 January
549:References
289:including
226:Synagogues
221:By setting
183:Background
68:newspapers
2984:Apartheid
2917:Bantustan
2802:Civil War
2626:Religious
2487:Testimony
2410:derabanan
2406:De'oraita
2331:Sicaricon
2239:Sexuality
1798:Nivcharot
1688:B'not Esh
1607:Rebbetzin
1520:Sexuality
1508:In Israel
1429:Homemaker
1226:Bat-Kohen
1209:In Israel
1126:144345281
798:"History"
750:195299744
735:143449454
669:197736169
654:144683012
508:When the
324:mechitzah
156:June 2024
140:summarize
98:June 2024
3117:Category
3077:Shunning
3073:(Canada)
3036:Nativism
2890:Dynamics
2767:Rhodesia
2762:Portugal
2757:Malaysia
2722:Bulgaria
2664:Portugal
2557:Passover
2374:beshogeg
2370:Bemeizid
2345:Kil'ayim
2324:Bikkurim
2233:Mechitza
2017:Category
1708:Hadassah
1678:Aminadav
1649:Timeline
1618:Timeline
1580:Mechitza
1573:Midrasha
1503:Abortion
1404:Marriage
1397:Marriage
1323:Orthodox
1311:Feminism
1231:Bat Levi
1061:NBC News
988:27 April
962:25 April
850:Archived
746:ProQuest
727:25002514
665:ProQuest
600:cite web
522:See also
510:mehadrin
503:mehadrin
433:kol isha
350:Swimming
328:menorahs
316:Hanukkah
281:mechitza
238:mechitza
232:Mechitza
200:gehinnom
3146:Commons
3051:Rankism
3021:Hafrada
2975:Related
2871:Judaism
2747:Germany
2707:Bahrain
2684:Myanmar
2679:Bahrain
2577:Kashrut
2563:Shabbat
2281:Terumah
2210:Modesty
2080:Halakha
2027:Commons
1955:Schools
1863:Vocolot
1788:Na'amat
1773:Maharat
1683:Bat Kol
1446:Divorce
1333:Mizrahi
1328:Israeli
1247:History
1066:23 June
1040:8 March
812:7 March
568:8 March
421:Yiddish
401:Streets
320:menorah
242:Halakha
177:halakha
169:Judaism
82:scholar
3133:racial
3128:gender
3046:Racism
2977:topics
2843:Gender
2752:Israel
2742:France
2712:Brazil
2702:Canada
2649:Serbia
2644:Israel
2570:Sukkot
2535:Kareth
2507:Zmanim
2474:Shinuy
2392:Chumra
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2363:Aveira
2338:Hallah
2275:Tithes
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2194:Niddah
2187:Mikveh
2090:Ethics
1975:Places
1934:Lilith
1778:Ma'yan
1763:Kolech
1713:Hadran
1644:Cantor
1639:Scribe
1559:minyan
1544:Tkhine
1495:Yichud
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2851:Islam
2777:Spain
2674:Spain
2436:Neder
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1920:Binah
1748:JWCIF
1743:JWCEO
1703:Eshel
1122:S2CID
1114:JSTOR
731:S2CID
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650:S2CID
642:JSTOR
483:El Al
445:Afula
196:Torah
89:JSTOR
75:books
2989:laws
2861:Iran
2737:Fiji
2408:and
1843:WLCJ
1838:WIZO
1793:NCJW
1728:JOFA
1369:and
1068:2017
1042:2018
990:2023
964:2023
902:2020
814:2016
606:link
592:2016
570:2018
61:news
1848:WLI
1833:W4W
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1753:JWI
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