Hospital - Knowledge

2237: 2074: 2275:, the number of hospitalizations grew to its peak in 1981 with 171 admissions per 1,000 Americans and 6,933 hospitals. This trend subsequently reversed, with the rate of hospitalization falling by more than 10% and the number of US hospitals shrinking from 6,933 in 1981 to 5,534 in 2016. Occupancy rates also dropped from 77% in 1980 to 60% in 2013. Among the reasons for this are the increasing availability of more complex care elsewhere such as at home or the physicians' offices and also the less therapeutic and more life-threatening image of the hospitals in the eyes of the public. In the US, a patient may sleep in a hospital bed, but be considered outpatient and "under observation" if not formally admitted. 2584: 1731: 2283:(CMS) introduced a "two-midnight" rule for inpatient admissions, intended to reduce an increasing number of long-term "observation" stays being used for reimbursement. This rule was later dropped in 2018. In 2016 and 2017, healthcare reform and a continued decline in admissions resulted in US hospital-based healthcare systems performing poorly financially. Microhospitals, with bed capacities of between eight and fifty, are expanding in the United States. Similarly, freestanding emergency rooms, which transfer patients that require inpatient care to hospitals, were popularised in the 1970s and have since expanded rapidly across the United States. 1670: 2519: 1894: 2553: 2500: 1505: 2539: 2484: 1914: 1205: 1481: 1238: 2222: 2618: 1493: 2603: 1650: 74: 4872: 818: 2168: 47: 5978: 807: 2569: 2341:, the National Health Service delivers health care to legal residents funded by the state "free at the point of delivery", and emergency care free to anyone regardless of nationality or status. Due to the need for hospitals to prioritise their limited resources, there is a tendency in countries with such systems for 'waiting lists' for non-crucial treatment, so those who can afford it may take out private health care to access treatment more quickly. 1882: 2308: 1224: 3375:

860 medical practitioners he examined, 160 failed. From that time on, licensing examinations were required and administered in various places. Licensing boards were set up under a government official called Muhtasib, or inspector general. The chief physician gave oral and practical examinations, and if the young physician was successful, the Muhtasib administered the Hippocratic Oath and issued a license to practice medicine.

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distance from a local community. Twenty-eight of California's rural hospitals and 20 of its critical-access hospitals are district hospitals. They are formed by local municipalities, have boards that are individually elected by their local communities, and exist to serve local needs. They are a particularly important provider of healthcare to uninsured patients and patients with

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inner ring served as a place where the monastic community could care for the sick, the poor and the infirm. Monks were frequently familiar with the medicine available at that time, growing medicinal plants on the monastery grounds and applying remedies as indicated. As such, many of the practicing physicians of the Middle Ages were also clergy.

1770:. It typically treated the poor, as the rich would have been treated in their own homes. Hospitals in this era were the first to require medical licenses for doctors, and compensation for negligence could be made. Hospitals were forbidden by law to turn away patients who were unable to pay. These hospitals were financially supported by 3374:

Another lasting advancement made during this time period was that of physician licensure. In 931 AD Caliph Al-Muqtadir learned that a patient had died in Baghdad as a result of a physician's error. Consequently, he ordered Sinan ibn Thabit to examine all those who practiced the art of healing. Of the

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medical staff, but is considered to be more stressful for patients and detrimental to their privacy. A major constraint on providing all patients with their own rooms is however found in the higher cost of building and operating such a hospital; this causes some hospitals to charge for private rooms.

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Some newer hospitals now try to re-establish design that takes the patient's psychological needs into account, such as providing more fresh air, better views and more pleasant colour schemes. These ideas harken back to the late eighteenth century, when the concept of providing fresh air and access to

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However, many hospitals, even those considered "modern", are the product of continual and often badly managed growth over decades or even centuries, with utilitarian new sections added on as needs and finances dictate. As a result, Dutch architectural historian Cor Wagenaar has called many hospitals:

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Modern hospital buildings are designed to minimise the effort of medical personnel and the possibility of contamination while maximising the efficiency of the whole system. Travel time for personnel within the hospital and the transportation of patients between units is facilitated and minimised. The

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to address a shortage of hospital beds in many local communities. Even today, district hospitals are the sole public hospitals in 19 of California's counties, and are the sole locally accessible hospital within nine additional counties in which one or more other hospitals are present at a substantial

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when she set an example of compassion, commitment to patient care and diligent and thoughtful hospital administration. The first official nurses' training programme, the Nightingale School for Nurses, was opened in 1860, with the mission of training nurses to work in hospitals, to work with the poor

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Many units have both a nursing and a medical director that serve as administrators for their respective disciplines within that unit. For example, within an intensive care nursery, a medical director is responsible for physicians and medical care, while the nursing manager is responsible for all the

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innovation rooted in the monastic virtue and practise of hospitality. Arranged around the monastery were concentric rings of buildings in which the life and work of the monastic community was ordered. The outer ring of buildings served as a hostel in which travellers were received and boarded. The

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By the late 19th century, the modern hospital was beginning to take shape with a proliferation of a variety of public and private hospital systems. By the 1870s, hospitals had more than trebled their original average intake of 3,000 patients. In continental Europe the new hospitals generally were

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Another ongoing major development is the change from a ward-based system (where patients are accommodated in communal rooms, separated by movable partitions) to one in which they are accommodated in individual rooms. The ward-based system has been described as very efficient, especially for the

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specialises in cardiac surgery and allows for a significantly greater number of patients. It has 3,000 beds and performs 3,000 paediatric cardiac operations annually, the largest number in the world for such a facility. Surgeons are paid on a fixed salary instead of per operation, thus when the

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that still focus on hospital ministry in the late 1990s, as well as several other Christian denominations, including the Methodists and Lutherans, which run hospitals. In accordance with the original meaning of the word, hospitals were original "places of hospitality", and this meaning is still

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is showing that good hospital design can reduce patient's recovery time. Exposure to daylight is effective in reducing depression. Single-sex accommodation help ensure that patients are treated in privacy and with dignity. Exposure to nature and hospital gardens is also important – looking out

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and training of prospective practitioners. Some of the era's greatest surgeons and doctors worked and passed on their knowledge at the hospitals. They also changed from being mere homes of refuge to being complex institutions for the provision and advancement of medicine and care for sick. The

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did exist stationed in military barracks and would serve the soldiers and slaves within the fort. Evidence exists that some civilian hospitals, while unavailable to the Roman population, were occasionally privately built in extremely wealthy Roman households located in the countryside for that

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windows improves patients' moods and reduces blood pressure and stress level. Open windows in patient rooms have also demonstrated some evidence of beneficial outcomes by improving airflow and increased microbial diversity. Eliminating long corridors can reduce nurses' fatigue and stress.

2364:. Legislation requires hospitals to provide care to patients in life-threatening emergency situations regardless of the patient's ability to pay. Privately funded hospitals which admit uninsured patients in emergency situations incur direct financial losses, such as in the aftermath of 2095: 2052:

visited in 1785, and commented "I never saw anything of the kind so complete; every part is so convenient, and so admirably neat. But there is nothing superfluous, and nothing purely ornamented, either within or without." This revolutionary design was made more widely known by

2460:"... built catastrophes, anonymous institutional complexes run by vast bureaucracies, and totally unfit for the purpose they have been designed for ... They are hardly ever functional, and instead of making patients feel at home, they produce stress and anxiety." 2376:

As the quality of health care has increasingly become an issue around the world, hospitals have increasingly had to pay serious attention to this matter. Independent external assessment of quality is one of the most powerful ways to assess this aspect of health care, and

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reported in 2011 that being admitted to a hospital was far riskier than flying. Globally, the chance of a patient being subject to a treatment error in a hospital was about 10%, and the chance of death resulting from an error was about one in 300. according to

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started a COVID Oximetry@Home service in April 2020. This enables them to monitor more than 5000 patients a day in their own homes. The technology allows nurses, carers, or patients to record and monitor vital signs such as blood oxygen levels.

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The best-known type of hospital is the general hospital, also known as an acute-care hospital. These facilities handle many kinds of disease and injury, and normally have an emergency department (sometimes known as "accident & emergency") or

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In the U.S., inpatient stays are covered under Medicare Part A, but a hospital might keep a patient under observation which is only covered under Medicare Part B, and subjects the patient to additional coinsurance costs. In 2013, the

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These hospitals represented a turning point in the function of the institution; they began to evolve from being basic places of care for the sick to becoming centers of medical innovation and discovery and the principal place for the

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Other hospitals sprang up in London and other British cities over the century, many paid for by private subscriptions. St Bartholomew's in London was rebuilt from 1730 to 1759, and the London Hospital, Whitechapel, opened in 1752.

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in modern-day Turkey. By the twelfth century, Constantinople had two well-organised hospitals, staffed by doctors who were both male and female. Facilities included systematic treatment procedures and specialised wards for various

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Modern hospitals measure various efficiency metrics such as occupancy rates, the average length of stay, time to service, patient satisfaction, physician performance, patient readmission rate, inpatient mortality rate, and

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to deal with immediate and urgent threats to health. Larger cities may have several hospitals of varying sizes and facilities. Some hospitals, especially in the United States and Canada, have their own ambulance service.

2499: 1669: 2443:. In the U.S., 1.7 million infections are acquired in hospital each year, leading to 100,000 deaths, figures much worse than in Europe where there were 4.5 million infections and 37,000 deaths. 2294:

in the world. It has around 18,000 clinics, 16,000 homes for the elderly and those with special needs, and 5,500 hospitals, with 65 percent of them located in developing countries. In 2010, the Church's

2134:, the principal provider of health care in the United Kingdom, was founded in 1948. During the nineteenth century, the Second Viennese Medical School emerged with the contributions of physicians such as 2240:

During peacetime, hospitals are often marked by symbols. A white 'H' on a blue background is often used in the United States. During military conflicts, a hospital may be marked with the emblem of the

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building also should be built to accommodate heavy departments such as radiology and operating rooms while space for special wiring, plumbing, and waste disposal must be allowed for in the design.

1504: 1117:"). Hospitals are usually distinguished from other types of medical facilities by their ability to admit and care for inpatients whilst the others, which are smaller, are often described as 873:

to treat urgent health problems ranging from fire and accident victims to a sudden illness. A district hospital typically is the major health care facility in its region, with many beds for

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era charitable innovation was the dispensary; these would issue the poor with medicines free of charge. The London Dispensary opened its doors in 1696 as the first such clinic in the

2712:"Although Philadelphia General Hospital (1732) and Bellevue Hospital in New York (1736) are older, the Philadelphia General was founded as an almshouse, and Bellevue as a workhouse." 2118:

standards and changing the image of the hospital from a place the sick would go to die, to an institution devoted to recuperation and healing. She also emphasised the importance of

2241: 2296: 1924:). Founded in 1751, it is the earliest established public hospital in the United States. It is also home to America's first surgical amphitheatre and its first medical library. 3557: 2150:. Basic medical science expanded and specialisation advanced. Furthermore, the first dermatology, eye, as well as ear, nose, and throat clinics in the world were founded in 4604: 3116:

A Record of Buddhistic Kingdoms: Being an Account by the Chinese Monk Fâ-Hien of his Travels in India and Ceylon (AD 399–414) in Search of the Buddhist Books of Discipline

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in the 17th century established hospitals in large cities at government expense with records showing salaries and grants for medicine being paid for by the government.

654: 2518: 1400:, as well as a range of medical specialty departments. A well-equipped hospital may be classified as a trauma center. They may also have other services such as a 4425: 3634: 3172:

Ziegler, Tiffany A., Tiffany A. Ziegler, and Troyanos. Medieval Healthcare and the Rise of Charitable Institutions. Springer International Publishing, 2018, 33.

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Dispensaries, Their Management and Development: A Book for Administrators, Public Health Workers, and All Interested in Better Medical Service for the People

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opened in 1784 as the world's largest hospital, physicians acquired a new facility that gradually developed into one of the most important research centers.

3734:"Books: The Dispensaries: Healthcare for the Poor Before the NHS: Britain's Forgotten Health-care System: Dispensaries: An Alternative to General Practice?" 3092: 2583: 4643: 1539:

managed around 1200 patients at home between March and June 2020 and planned to continue the system after COVID-19, initially for respiratory patients.

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students. A health science facility smaller than a hospital is generally called a clinic. Hospitals have a range of departments (e.g. surgery and

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is one means by which this is achieved. In many parts of the world such accreditation is sourced from other countries, a phenomenon known as

2065:, who had visited most of the hospitals in Europe. They were impressed and the "pavilion" design was copied in France and throughout Europe. 4116: 1839:, the church abruptly ceased to be the supporter of hospitals, and only by direct petition from the citizens of London, were the hospitals 3693: 908:

compared to general hospitals. Hospitals are classified as general, specialty, or government depending on the sources of income received.

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came to signify hospitality, that is the relation between guest and shelterer, hospitality, friendliness, and hospitable reception. By

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and auxiliary healthcare staff and medical equipment. The best-known type of hospital is the general hospital, which typically has an

6563: 2602: 3012: 2928: 4065: 1921: 1800:, the state began to take on social welfare functions previously provided by Buddhist monasteries and instituted public hospitals, 1372:

services, but some may have a few inpatient beds and a limited range of services that may otherwise be found in typical hospitals.

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and sterile techniques that could make surgery less risky, and the availability of more advanced diagnostic devices such as

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companies, or charities, including direct charitable donations. Historically, hospitals were often founded and funded by

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linked to pre-packaged sandwiches and salads in 2019, saying "Nutrition and hydration is part of a patient's recovery."

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made it compulsory for medical students to practise for at least half a year at a hospital as part of their training.

1113:") without staying overnight; while others are "admitted" and stay overnight or for several days or weeks or months (" 6553: 4972: 3638: 2208: 2096:

Medical Ethics; or, a Code of Institutes and Precepts, Adapted to the Professional Conduct of Physicians and Surgeons

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and reduce its cost per procedure. Each specialist may also become more efficient by working on one procedure like a

1134: 673: 6444: 5944: 4296:"Catholic hospitals comprise one quarter of world's healthcare, council reports :: Catholic News Agency (CNA)" 3192: 2041: 1827:

In Europe the medieval concept of Christian care evolved during the 16th and 17th centuries into a secular one. In

1540: 1196:, and pregnant women). In 2012, district hospitals provided $ 54 million in uncompensated care in California. 677: 17: 4318: 4001: 1714:

in AD 325 construction of a hospital in every cathedral town was begun, including among the earliest hospitals by

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In California, "district hospital" refers specifically to a class of healthcare facility created shortly after

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A district hospital typically is the major health care facility in its region, with large numbers of beds for

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alone had 50 major hospitals, many exclusively for the military, by the end of the 15th century. The Islamic

1268: 1208: 300: 51: 2439:. 7% of hospitalised patients in developed countries, and 10% in developing countries, acquire at least one 6643: 6593: 6454: 5885: 5474: 5466: 3483:"Reacting to Epidemics: The Innovative Imperial Public Health System during the Late Northern Song Dynasty" 2986: 2682: 2135: 1996: 1840: 1440: 728: 664: 624: 528: 55: 969:. In the past, however, this work was usually performed by the members of founding religious orders or by 6608: 5915: 4977: 4608: 2671: 2589: 2469: 2440: 2058: 1932:

movement began in the early 18th century, with hospitals being founded in London by the 1720s, including

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the 'healing powers of nature' were first employed by hospital architects in improving their buildings.

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During the Middle Ages, hospitals served different functions from modern institutions in that they were

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as an accepted religion in the Roman Empire drove an expansion of the provision of care. Following the

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Reinarz, Jonathan (2007). "Corpus Curricula: Medical Education and the Voluntary Hospital Movement".

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Modern hospitals derive funding from a variety of sources. They may be funded by private payment and

2311: 2229: 1603: 1564: 966: 783: 718: 31: 3802: 1730: 6603: 5954: 5818: 5557: 4967: 4370:"Battling the Chargemaster: A Simple Remedy to Balance Billing for Unavoidable Out-of-Network Care" 4222:"When the tiny hospital can't survive: Free-standing EDs with primary care seen as new rural model" 4141: 2147: 1572: 1280: 768: 753: 659: 285: 2423:. In 2020, they turned their attention to hospital food standards after seven patient deaths from 6284: 6063: 5853: 5348: 5221: 4696:

Gorsky, Martin. "The British National Health Service 1948–2008: A Review of the Historiography",

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and to teach. Nightingale was instrumental in reforming the nature of the hospital, by improving

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and are distinguished from multispecialty hospitals which are composed of several specialties.

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functioned as centers of medical advice, prognosis, and healing. The Asclepeia spread to the

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The Greatest Benefit to Mankind: A Medical History of Humanity from Antiquity to the Present

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Greenwich: an architectural history of the Royal Hospital for Seamen and the Queen's House

1638:. While public healthcare was non-existent in the Roman Empire, military hospitals called 1443:. This department is responsible for the administration of professional nursing practice, 8: 6339: 6244: 6199: 5857: 5267: 5262: 5257: 4997: 4368:

Richmond, Barak D.; Kitzman, Nick; Milstein, Arnold; Schulman, Kevin A. (28 April 2017).

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The Evolution of the Grand Tour: Anglo-Italian Cultural Relations since the Renaissance

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treatment and other disease-specific categories. Specialized hospitals can help reduce

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Crawford, D.S. Bibliography of Histories of Canadian hospitals and schools of nursing.

4496: 4041:"As admissions have slumped and outpatient care booms, hospitals closing or shrinking" 3606: 3254: 6497: 6399: 6349: 6163: 5790: 5775: 5770: 5677: 5547: 5542: 5216: 5159: 5123: 5119: 5027: 5012: 4992: 4982: 4784: 4747: 4730: 4527: 4268: 3934: 3907: 3878: 3852: 3763: 3673: 3586: 3461: 3412: 3365: 3347: 2851: 2812: 2365: 2057:, the philanthropist. In 1787 the French government sent two scholar administrators, 1980: 1960: 1944: 1886: 1805: 1723: 1528: 1463: 1417: 1401: 1393: 1341: 1335: 1306: 1252: 1231: 1155: 1106: 1015:, signifying a stranger or foreigner, hence a guest. Another noun derived from this, 932: 916: 912: 905: 778: 713: 576: 483: 468: 232: 152: 3456:

Ikram, Sheikh Mohamad (1964). "Economic and Social Developments under the Mughals".

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Ruins of a two thousand-year-old hospital were discovered in the historical city of

1602:, the ancient chronicle of Sinhalese royalty, written in the sixth century AD, King 1251:

A specialty hospital is primarily and exclusively dedicated to one or a few related

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Hospitals are currently staffed by professional physicians, surgeons, nurses, and

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Agnew, John (12 February 2010). "Deus Vult: The Geopolitics of Catholic Church".

4066:"Estimating Health Care-Associated Infections and Deaths in U.S. Hospitals, 2002" 3809: 3499: 3482: 2287: 2090: 1786: 1778: 1747: 1735: 1514: 1356:. It may be linked to a medical school or nursing school, and may be involved in 1323: 1310: 1185: 1082: 866: 644: 538: 533: 498: 458: 418: 320: 142: 3669: 6598: 6558: 6522: 6469: 6394: 6279: 6274: 6143: 6133: 6118: 5813: 5798: 5669: 5323: 5272: 5226: 5185: 4468: 3343: 2688: 2436: 2353: 2338: 2265: 2022: 1767: 1719: 1623: 1161: 1007: 874: 649: 601: 543: 463: 360: 355: 237: 202: 187: 65: 4665:

Brockliss, Lawrence, and Colin Jones. "The Hospital in the Enlightenment", in

4260: 3838: 3062: 2139: 6663: 6588: 6517: 6289: 5587: 5572: 5562: 5353: 5333: 5180: 5103: 5032: 4677:'Philanthropy in Italy': English Observations on Italian Hospitals 1545–1789" 4531: 4349:

Hospitals in New Orleans see surge in uninsured patients but not public funds

3562: 3404: 3351: 3313: 3214: 3181:(Guenter Risse, Mending Bodies, Saving Souls: A History of Hospitals, 47–48). 2767: 2676: 2402: 2345: 2272: 2190: 1984: 1902: 1510: 1142: 986:, established in 1681 as a retirement and nursing home for veteran soldiers. 881: 596: 370: 3389:"From Jami'ah to University: Multiculturalism and Christian–Muslim Dialogue" 73: 6613: 6492: 6459: 6434: 6369: 6309: 6269: 6158: 6138: 6123: 5900: 5833: 5828: 5734: 5709: 5664: 5328: 5144: 5007: 4952: 4882: 4579: 3767: 3369: 2830: 2816: 2357: 2078: 2034: 1992: 1937: 1797: 1763: 1707: 1676: 1635: 1381: 1189: 1172: 970: 915:

combines assistance to people with teaching to health science students and

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number of procedures increases, the hospital is able to take advantage of

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in London, one of the first voluntary hospitals to be established in 1724

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is a healthcare institution providing patient treatment with specialized

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in the UK, showing the utilitarian architecture of many modern hospitals

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said that the Church manages 26% of the world's health care facilities.

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By the late 19th and early 20th centuries, medical advancements such as

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for determining the success rate of a given intervention and pushed for

1999:, now Weill Cornell Medical Center in New York City opened in 1771, and 1606:(r. 437–367 BC) had lying-in-homes and hospitals (Sivikasotthi-Sala). A 1517:

intervention, showing the highly technical equipment of modern hospitals

1025:, the Latin word then came to mean a guest-chamber, guest's lodging, an 817: 46: 6628: 6583: 6439: 6429: 6299: 6234: 6183: 6098: 5744: 5704: 5059: 5053: 5002: 4781:

American Catholic Hospitals: A Century of Changing Markets and Missions

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The earliest general hospital in the Islamic world was built in 805 in

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From Western Medicine to Global Medicine: The Hospital Beyond the West

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and some have chronic treatment units. Common support units include a

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Arjuna Aluvihare, "Rohal Kramaya Lovata Dhayadha Kale Sri Lankikayo"

2360:; however, these prices may be lower for health care obtained within 1881: 1867: 1679: 1627: 1598: 1421: 1409: 1405: 1385: 1314: 1264: 940: 936: 893: 793: 488: 107: 37:"General hospital" redirects here. For the US daytime TV series, see 4804: 4774:

Hospitals and Institutional Care in Medieval and Early Modern Europe

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Medicine by Design: The Architect and the Modern Hospital, 1893–1943

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Although physicians were available in varying capacities in ancient

2733: 2307: 1129:"General hospital" redirects here. For the American soap opera, see 973:. However, there are various Catholic religious orders, such as the 6543: 6474: 6379: 5613: 5603: 4811:"Global and Multilanguage Database of public and private hospitals" 4686:

Connor, J.T.H. "Hospital History in Canada and the United States",

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Brain, Mind and Medicine: Essays in Eighteenth-Century Neuroscience

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opened in 1736, first as a workhouse and then later as a hospital;

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delivers healthcare to patients as well as training to prospective

1223: 1216: 1181: 1177: 1022: 1003: 974: 629: 548: 448: 395: 217: 3607:"NPGallery Digital Asset Management System: Pennsylvania Hospital" 3388: 6319: 6043: 5823: 5719: 5608: 5080: 5017: 4426:"CQC to inspect hospitals on food standards after patient deaths" 3933:. Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. 3803:

http://www.histansoc.org.uk/uploads/9/5/5/2/9552670/volume_19.pdf

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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

2656: 2593: 2416: 1828: 1816: 1801: 1743: 1586: 1353: 1287: 1118: 1051: 380: 97: 4002:"Hospital Industry's 10 Most Critical Metrics – Guiding Metrics" 1271:, and hospitals for dealing with specific medical needs such as 6153: 6048: 5654: 4826:"Directory and Ranking of more than 17.000 Hospitals worldwide" 4367: 2826: 2412: 2390: 2348:, hospitals typically operate privately and in some cases on a 2315: 2297:

Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Health Care Workers

2151: 2004: 1821: 1531:

stimulated the development of virtual wards across the British

1298:(thoracic surgery). In India, specialty hospitals are known as 1068: 999: 438: 222: 102: 5495: 3581:

America's First Hospital: The Pennsylvania Hospital, 1751–1841

1750:. By the 10th century, Baghdad had five more hospitals, while 1596:, recorded examples of healing institutions. According to the 6093: 6058: 4712:

Hospitals and Healing From Antiquity to the Later Middle Ages

4109:"Two-Midnight and Observation Rule – Chicago Medical Society" 3823:"The Development of Medical Ethics – A Sociological Analysis" 3540:"Colonial City of Santo Domingo. Outstanding Universal Value" 3146:

The Gundeshapur School: Its History, Structure, and Functions

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shows the growing trend for modern architecture in hospitals.

2177:

deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a

2093:(1740–1804) wrote a comprehensive system of medical conduct, 1643:

family, although this practice seems to have ended in 80 AD.

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hospitals, and hospitals for specific medical needs, such as

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The Care of Strangers: The Rise of America's Hospital System

4669:(Oxford UP, 1997), pp. 671–729; covers France 1650–1800 4636:"Health administrators go shopping for new hospital designs" 2356:. The list of procedures and their prices are billed with a 6148: 6113: 6108: 4816: 4283:

Earthly Mission - The Catholic Church and World Development

2873:, revised by J. Marchant & J. Charles, 260th. thousand. 2822: 1866:, an instance of the use of the word "hospital" to mean an 1771: 1360:. Students may also observe clinical work in the hospital. 247: 207: 177: 167: 1738:

in Cairo, Egypt, which housed the notable Mansuri hospital

1006:, or hospital schools. The word "hospital" comes from the 877:

and additional beds for patients who need long-term care.

6314: 6068: 4800: 2154:, being considered as the birth of specialised medicine. 1660: 1532: 1026: 773: 127: 27:

Health care facility with specialized staff and equipment

3877:. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. pp. 316–17. 2791:"Altar and Table: A phenomenology of the surgeon-priest" 2033:(1780). Dispensaries were also opened in New York 1771, 1947:(1724) funded from the bequest of the wealthy merchant, 1811: 982:

preserved in the names of some institutions such as the

3576: 58:, Spain, with entrance and parking area for ambulances. 4400:"Emergency Medical Treatment & Labor Act (EMTALA)" 4275: 4142:"CMS drops two-midnight rule's inpatient payment cuts" 3930:

Florence Nightingale: Measuring Hospital Care Outcomes

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pioneered the modern profession of nursing during the

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Mending bodies, saving souls: a history of hospitals.

1589:, a Chinese Buddhist monk who travelled across India 1416:. Some hospitals have outpatient departments such as 4760:

Mending Bodies, Saving Souls: A History of Hospitals

4194:"5 common questions about micro-hospitals, answered" 3142:

The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 22:2

2895:. District Hospital Leadership Forum. Archived from 2085:

worked and helped to restructure the modern hospital

1063:. The latter modern word derives from Latin via the 4448:"Going into hospital far riskier than flying: WHO" 3899: 3781:Michael Marks Davis; Andrew Robert Warner (1918). 3578: 2989:. fastcompany.com. 7 February 2012. Archived from 1242:All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 4700:, December 2008, Vol. 21 Issue 3, pp. 437–60 3984:"Opinion | Are Hospitals Becoming Obsolete?" 3659: 3480: 3427:"Islamic Culture and the Medical Arts: Hospitals" 1762:served as a center of medical treatment, as well 1380:A hospital contains one or more wards that house 6661: 4605:"The psychological and social needs of patients" 4316: 4027:"Fast Facts on U.S. Hospitals, 2018 | AHA" 3820: 3301:Islamic Culture and the Medical Arts: Hospitals 3093:"Modern technology reduces hospital admissions" 1862:as a retirement home for old soldiers known as 1663:, the best preserved instance of an Asklepieion 3977: 3975: 3973: 3193:"Christianity: Curing and caring for the sick" 1043:was dropped for convenience of pronunciation) 6008: 5511: 4898: 4727:Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science 4724: 3965:The Vienna Medical School of the 19th Century 3635:"Painted window in St Bartholomew's Hospital" 3274: 3272: 3095:. Building Better Healthcare. 2 December 2020 2981: 2979: 2175:The examples and perspective in this section 1474:, dining services, and security departments. 1388:. It may also have acute services such as an 842: 4912: 4520:"Better Healing from Better Hospital Design" 4404:Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services 4058: 3516:(Norwich: Jarrold Publishing, 2002), pp. 3–4 2766:. bbcnews.com. 1 August 2010. Archived from 1309:compared to general hospitals. For example, 1092: 1086: 962:, or by charitable individuals and leaders. 4343: 4341: 4240: 3970: 3190: 1754:had six hospitals by the 15th century, and 1030: 1016: 1010: 6015: 6001: 5518: 5504: 4905: 4891: 4428:. Health Service Journal. 17 November 2020 4074:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 3897: 3731: 3460:. Columbia University Press. p. 223. 3305:United States National Library of Medicine 3280:"The Islamic Roots of the Modern Hospital" 3269: 2976: 2931:. Payers &–° Providers. Archived from 2922: 2920: 2918: 2916: 2914: 2887: 2885: 2883: 2881: 2879: 2764:"India's 'production line' heart hospital" 2290:is the largest non-government provider of 2193:, or create a new section, as appropriate. 2157: 1184:program, serving low-income persons, some 849: 835: 6022: 4633: 4517: 3846: 3757: 3694:"General Acute Care Hospital in New York" 3558:"Ruinas del Hospital San Nicolás de Barí" 3498: 3359: 2806: 2281:Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services 2209:Learn how and when to remove this message 1124: 1109:, treatment, or therapy and then leave (" 4746:, with Lindsay Patricia Granshaw (1989) 4667:The Medical World of Early Modern France 4338: 4298:. Catholic News Agency. 10 February 2010 3982:Emanuel, Ezekiel J. (25 February 2018). 3332:Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 3191:Jan Pelikan, Jaroslav (13 August 2022). 2306: 2235: 2220: 2072: 1972:as a response to an outbreak of plague. 1922:University of Pennsylvania Health System 1912: 1892: 1880: 1815: 1729: 1236: 1222: 1203: 1105:Some patients go to a hospital just for 45: 4725:Morelon, Régis; Rashed, Roshdi (1996), 4690:, 1990, Vol. 7 Issue 1, pp. 93–104 4659: 4577: 4319:"Surgery worries create insurance boom" 4019: 3981: 3166: 2929:"District Hospitals' Important Mission" 2911: 2876: 2848:A Portrait of Norwegian Americans Today 2609:All India Institute of Medical Sciences 2510:Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital 1375: 1035:is thus the root for the English words 14: 6662: 4646:from the original on 26 December 2008. 4634:Rosenberg, Julian (15 November 2004). 4551: 4483: 4481: 3967:(Johns Hopkins University Press, 1976) 3869: 3529:(Yale University Press, 2001), pp. 4–7 3386: 3380: 3325: 2845: 2758: 2756: 2754: 2383:international healthcare accreditation 2242:red cross, red crescent or red crystal 1968:was founded in Berlin in 1710 by King 1702:Medicine in the medieval Islamic world 1626:, temples dedicated to the healer-god 1537:West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust 1305:Specialised hospitals can help reduce 5996: 5863:Artificial intelligence in healthcare 5499: 4886: 4580:"Closed windows 'increase infection'" 4246: 4216: 4214: 4136: 4134: 4119:from the original on 25 November 2018 4103: 4101: 4099: 3927:Nightingale, Florence (August 1999). 3902:Fundamentals of Mental Health Nursing 3249: 3243: 3113: 2850:. U of Minnesota Press. p. 192. 2371: 2130:built and run from public funds. The 1812:Early modern and Enlightenment Europe 4688:Canadian Bulletin of Medical History 4374:The American Journal of Managed Care 4317:Johnston, Martin (21 January 2008). 4310: 3906:. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Company. 3611:National Register of Historic Places 3599: 3544:UNESCO World Heritage Centre website 3118:. Dev Publishers & Distributors. 2795:Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine 2788: 2161: 1876:Royal Hospital for Seamen, Greenwich 1781:existed at least since the reign of 1608:hospital and medical training center 1522: 6260:Maintenance, repair, and operations 4518:Yamaguchi, Yuhgo (5 October 2015). 4478: 3294: 3256:A Short History of the Arab Peoples 2751: 1975:Voluntary hospitals also spread to 1698:Medieval medicine of Western Europe 1614:, a major city in southwest of the 1290:, specialised hospitals are called 24: 5938:reform debate in the United States 4783:(Rutgers University Press, 2011). 4683:, 2nd ed. London, Routledge, 2000. 4495:. July–August 2006. Archived from 4285:; TJ International Ltd; 2013; p.40 4211: 4131: 4096: 3525:J. Bold, P. Guillery, D. Kendall, 2624:Lehigh Valley Hospital–Cedar Crest 1486:Hospital beds per 1000 people 2013 1228:McMaster University Medical Centre 946:Hospitals are typically funded by 25: 6681: 6564:Controlled-access highway systems 5965:(Category Health care by country) 4805:https://www.who.int/hospitals/en/ 4794: 4191: 3801:Surgeon Vice Admiral A Revell in 2545:Hinduja National Hospital, Mumbai 2419:, hospitals are monitored by the 1577:Medical community of ancient Rome 1558: 1460:release of information department 1135:General hospital (disambiguation) 6624:San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge 6445:Sustainable urban infrastructure 5977: 5976: 4870: 4858: 4611:. 7 January 2011. Archived from 4552:Sample, Ian (20 February 2012). 3577:Williams, William Henry (1976). 3307: 3038:"Hospital beds per 1,000 people" 2987:"Narayana Hrudayalaya Hospitals" 2926: 2616: 2601: 2582: 2567: 2551: 2537: 2517: 2498: 2482: 2441:health care-associated infection 2166: 2042:Royal Naval Hospital, Stonehouse 1668: 1648: 1541:Mersey Care NHS Foundation Trust 1503: 1491: 1479: 816: 806: 805: 72: 6579:Hong Kong International Airport 6205:Infrastructure asset management 5525: 4719:Encyclopedia of Medical History 4654: 4627: 4597: 4578:Bowdler, Neil (26 April 2013). 4571: 4545: 4511: 4462: 4440: 4418: 4392: 4361: 4288: 4185: 4159: 4033: 3994: 3954: 3920: 3891: 3863: 3814: 3795: 3774: 3725: 3720:Encyclopedia of Medical History 3712: 3686: 3653: 3627: 3550: 3532: 3519: 3507: 3474: 3449: 3419: 3319: 3231: 3220: 3203: 3184: 3175: 3151: 3135: 3122: 3107: 3085: 3055: 3030: 3005: 2706: 2446: 2068: 1820:A hospital ward in 6th century 1447:, and policy for the hospital. 1368:Clinics generally provide only 1269:long-term acute care facilities 1244:, a large teaching hospital in 923:) and specialist units such as 779:Spanish autovias and autopistas 5674:Academic health science centre 2947: 2864: 2839: 2789:Hall, Daniel (December 2008). 2782: 2726: 2027:Public Dispensary of Edinburgh 2001:Massachusetts General Hospital 1833:dissolution of the monasteries 1687: 1199: 880:Specialized hospitals include 13: 1: 5911:Health information management 5896:health information technology 5634:Health information management 4198:www.beckershospitalreview.com 3013:"What's a Teaching Hospital?" 2719: 1590: 1498:Hospital beds per inhabitants 789:Power transmission in the USA 640:Brazilian energy independence 301:European green infrastructure 52:Bellvitge University Hospital 6594:Kansai International Airport 6455:Transit-oriented development 5886:Translational bioinformatics 4772:Scheutz, Martin et al. eds. 3500:10.1097/MC9.0000000000000041 3487:Chinese Medicine and Culture 3458:Muslim Civilization in India 2136:Carl Freiherr von Rokitansky 1899:Hospital San Nicolás de Bari 1454:Support units may include a 989: 529:Transit-oriented development 7: 6569:Electric power transmission 5916:Consumer health informatics 5237:Veterans medical facilities 4978:Hospital information system 4703:Harrison, Mar, et al. eds. 4640:National Review of Medicine 4609:British Medical Association 3670:10.1007/978-0-387-70967-3_4 3387:Alatas, Syed Farid (2006). 3217:(2009) Accessed April 2011. 2955:"Specialty Hospital Update" 2672:Hospital information system 2635: 2590:Tampere University Hospital 2470:British Medical Association 2189:, discuss the issue on the 1431:A hospital may also have a 1329: 1149: 1073:, which developed a silent 967:allied health practitioners 689:British offshore wind-power 10: 6686: 6649:Transcontinental railroads 6295:Public–private partnership 5155:Tertiary referral hospital 4830:hospitals.webometrics.info 4729:, vol. 3, Routledge, 4698:Social History of Medicine 3514:The Royal Hospital Chelsea 3481:Goldschmidt, Asaf (2023). 3344:10.1177/014107680609901208 3130:Vidhusara Science Magazine 2871:Cassell's Latin Dictionary 2489:The medical center at the 2399:Trent Accreditation Scheme 2302: 2226:Cabell Huntington Hospital 2144:Ferdinand Ritter von Hebra 2077:A ward of the hospital at 1774:, as well as state funds. 1691: 1562: 1551: 1547: 1456:medical records department 1363: 1333: 1209:Starship Children's Health 1153: 1128: 351:Public–private partnership 36: 29: 6554:Bus rapid transit systems 6531: 6483: 6328: 6192: 6030: 5972: 5926: 5906:Public health informatics 5842: 5819:Electronic health records 5789: 5753: 5697: 5689:Supervised injection site 5642: 5629:Allied health professions 5596: 5533: 5463: 5367: 5301: 5250: 5210:Limited class of patients 5209: 5173: 5137: 5096: 5041: 4938: 4921: 4358:, Wednesday 26 April 2006 4261:10.1080/14650040903420388 3839:10.1017/s002572730001992x 3722:(Macmillan 1985), p. 139. 3326:Miller, Andrew C (2006). 3073:(369): m2119. 5 June 2020 2738:World Health Organization 2526:Fawcett Memorial Hospital 2432:World Health Organization 2312:Clinical Hospital Dubrava 2230:Huntington, West Virginia 1878:, with the same purpose. 1785:in the 14th century. The 1724:Basil, bishop of Caesarea 1604:Pandukabhaya of Sri Lanka 1565:Ancient Egyptian medicine 1470:, facilities management, 1451:nurses and nursing care. 1300:super-specialty hospitals 1230:, a teaching hospital in 784:Transcontinental Railroad 665:Curtiba rapid bus transit 56:L'Hospitalet de Llobregat 32:Hospital (disambiguation) 3821:Waddington Ivan (1975). 3405:10.1177/0011392106058837 3144:Mehmet Mahfuz Söylemez, 3017:www.brennerchildrens.org 2699: 2148:Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis 1573:Medicine in ancient Rome 1257:rehabilitation hospitals 1100: 950:, health organizations ( 886:rehabilitation hospitals 754:San Francisco Bay Bridge 6064:Critical infrastructure 5854:Medical image computing 5804:Artificial intelligence 5465:Lists of hospitals in: 5349:Rehabilitation hospital 5222:Combat support hospital 5097:Geographic service area 5083:lying in houses (India) 4973:Hospital administrators 4769:(1995); history to 1920 4744:The Hospital in History 4672:Chaney, Edward (2000), 4524:Harvard Business Review 4450:. Reuters. 21 July 2011 4171:Harvard Business Review 3808:6 November 2020 at the 3197:Encyclopædia Britannica 2628:Allentown, Pennsylvania 2562:(ICU) within a hospital 2530:Port Charlotte, Florida 2507:National Health Service 2421:Care Quality Commission 2408:Haute Autorité de santé 2244:in accordance with the 2158:20th century and beyond 2132:National Health Service 2120:statistical measurement 2037:1786, and Boston 1796. 2012:Vienna General Hospital 1936:(1719) promoted by the 1712:First Council of Nicaea 1616:Sassanid Persian Empire 1426:rehabilitation services 1180:(which is California's 1069: 769:Spanish high-speed rail 709:Hong Kong Int'l Airport 694:Nuclear power in France 660:China's high-speed rail 635:Bicycle parking station 123:Critical infrastructure 6508:Mechanical engineering 6503:Electrical engineering 6210:Build–operate–transfer 6074:Electricity generation 5891:Translational medicine 5174:Unique physical traits 5138:Complexity of services 4765:Rosenberg, Charles E. 4762:(1999); world coverage 4324:The New Zealand Herald 3787:. MacMillan. pp. 2491:University of Virginia 2462: 2379:hospital accreditation 2319: 2249: 2233: 2086: 1970:Frederick I of Prussia 1925: 1910: 1890: 1860:Royal Hospital Chelsea 1849:St Mary of Bethlehem's 1824: 1739: 1569:Ancient Greek medicine 1296:Fachkrankenhaus Coswig 1248: 1234: 1220: 1168:, and long-term care. 1133:. For other uses, see 1125:General and acute care 1097:shares similar roots. 1093: 1087: 1031: 1017: 1011: 984:Royal Hospital Chelsea 929:outpatient departments 927:. Some hospitals have 823:Engineering portal 699:Solar power in Germany 670:Cycling infrastructure 587:Mechanical engineering 281:Build–operate–transfer 59: 6644:Trans-Alaska pipeline 6250:Life-cycle assessment 6225:Engineering contracts 6104:Municipal solid waste 6024:Public infrastructure 5880:Computational biology 5781:Universal precautions 3750:10.3399/bjgp17X689281 3615:National Park Service 3251:Glubb, Sir John Bagot 3210:Catholic Encyclopedia 3114:Legge, James (1965). 2962:National Public Radio 2458: 2310: 2239: 2224: 2124:administrative reform 2101:Apothecaries Act 1815 2076: 1989:Pennsylvania Hospital 1918:Pennsylvania Hospital 1916: 1896: 1884: 1819: 1796:In China, during the 1733: 1618:founded in AD 271 by 1437:chief nursing officer 1433:department of nursing 1346:medical professionals 1240: 1226: 1207: 898:psychiatric hospitals 625:Trans-Alaska pipeline 381:Replacement (upgrade) 331:Life-cycle assessment 311:Engineering contracts 49: 6539:Akashi Kaikyō Bridge 6405:Mobile data terminal 6179:Water supply network 6174:Wastewater treatment 5874:Behavior informatics 5359:Verterinary hospital 5344:Psychiatric hospital 5196:Underground hospital 4963:Emergency department 4924:History of hospitals 4717:McGrew, Roderick E. 4660:History of hospitals 4642:. Volume 1, no. 21. 3718:Roderick E. McGrew, 2846:Lovoll, Odd (1998). 2647:History of hospitals 2387:Accreditation Canada 2385:, by groups such as 2332:charitable donations 2187:improve this section 2107:Florence Nightingale 2083:Florence Nightingale 1934:Westminster Hospital 1554:History of hospitals 1468:clinical engineering 1414:medical laboratories 1390:emergency department 1376:Departments or wards 1277:psychiatric hospital 1261:children's hospitals 917:auxiliary healthcare 890:children's hospitals 871:emergency department 729:Kansai Int'l Airport 620:Akashi Kaikyō Bridge 572:Chemical engineering 474:Mobile data terminal 326:Green infrastructure 30:For other uses, see 6609:Offshore wind farms 6420:Renewable resources 6340:Air traffic control 6245:Infrastructure bond 5858:imaging informatics 5766:Cultural competence 5368:Century established 5314:Children's hospital 5268:Non-profit hospital 5263:For-profit hospital 5258:Charitable hospital 5071:Hôtel-Dieu (France) 4998:Intensive care unit 4815:hospitalsworldguide 4779:Wall, Barbra Mann. 4710:Horden, Peregrine. 4489:"Healing by design" 4281:Calderisi, Robert. 3898:Kathy Neeb (2006). 3732:Freeman GK (2017). 3700:on 16 February 2023 3585:. Haverford House. 3237:Husain F. Nagamia, 2652:History of medicine 2560:intensive care unit 2524:Hospital chapel at 2362:healthcare networks 2292:health careservices 2031:Finsbury Dispensary 1870:. Ten years later, 1706:The declaration of 1441:director of nursing 1398:intensive care unit 1313:'s cardiac unit in 1255:. Subtypes include 1253:medical specialties 1213:children's hospital 979:Bon Secours Sisters 719:Interstate highways 549:Wireless technology 414:Air traffic control 6450:Traffic congestion 6360:Congestion pricing 6164:Telecommunications 6079:Energy development 5844:Health informatics 5619:Healthcare science 5339:Maternity hospital 5288:Voluntary hospital 5165:Specialty hospital 5150:Secondary hospital 5129:Municipal hospital 5110:Community hospital 4958:Coronary care unit 4932:Category:Hospitals 4499:on 17 October 2007 4228:. 7 September 2011 4084:on 15 October 2011 4006:guidingmetrics.com 3988:The New York Times 3664:. pp. 43–52. 3641:on 17 October 2021 3437:on 21 January 2024 3227:Byzantine medicine 2993:on 13 October 2013 2667:Lists of hospitals 2575:Uniklinikum Aachen 2372:Quality and safety 2328:public expenditure 2320: 2250: 2246:Geneva Conventions 2234: 2089:English physician 2087: 1930:voluntary hospital 1926: 1911: 1907:Dominican Republic 1891: 1885:1820 engraving of 1864:Chelsea Pensioners 1825: 1783:Firuz Shah Tughlaq 1740: 1694:Byzantine medicine 1320:economies of scale 1249: 1235: 1221: 1091:. The German word 739:Offshore wind port 655:Chicago wastewater 524:Traffic congestion 434:Congestion pricing 173:Pipeline transport 153:Irrigation schemes 118:Coastal management 60: 6657: 6656: 6574:High-speed trains 6498:Civil engineering 6400:Land-use planning 6350:Bus rapid transit 5990: 5989: 5754:Skills / training 5678:Teaching hospital 5493: 5492: 5302:Condition treated 5217:Military hospital 5160:Teaching hospital 5124:District hospital 5120:Regional hospital 5013:Operating theater 4983:Hospital medicine 4789:978-0-8135-4940-8 4757:Risse, Guenter B. 4752:978-0-415-00375-9 4736:978-0-415-12410-2 4226:Modern Healthcare 4146:Modern Healthcare 4045:Modern Healthcare 3940:978-0-86688-559-1 3913:978-0-8036-2034-6 3884:978-0-393-31980-4 3679:978-0-387-70966-6 3592:978-0-910702-02-7 3467:978-0-231-02580-5 3393:Current Sociology 3282:. aramcoworld.com 3042:Our World in Data 2857:978-0-8166-2832-2 2397:in the U.S., the 2366:Hurricane Katrina 2219: 2218: 2211: 1997:New York Hospital 1981:Bellevue Hospital 1941:C. Hoare & Co 1529:COVID-19 pandemic 1523:Remote monitoring 1513:room bed after a 1464:technical support 1418:behavioral health 1402:hospital pharmacy 1394:operating theatre 1342:teaching hospital 1336:Teaching hospital 1307:health care costs 1232:Hamilton, Ontario 1156:Regional hospital 913:teaching hospital 906:health care costs 859: 858: 724:Jamnagar Refinery 714:Intercity Express 684:Danish wind-power 484:Rapid bus transit 469:Land-use planning 233:Telecommunication 16:(Redirected from 6677: 6639:Three Gorges Dam 6619:Port of Shanghai 6513:Public economics 6365:Containerization 6355:Carbon footprint 6265:Natural monopoly 6134:Public utilities 6129:Public transport 6017: 6010: 6003: 5994: 5993: 5980: 5979: 5868:Neuroinformatics 5809:Connected health 5520: 5513: 5506: 5497: 5496: 5278:Private hospital 5242:Women's hospital 5201:Virtual Hospital 5115:General hospital 5066:Cottage hospital 4928:Hospital network 4907: 4900: 4893: 4884: 4883: 4875: 4874: 4863: 4862: 4861: 4854: 4845: 4843: 4841: 4836:on 21 April 2010 4832:. 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Archived from 3690: 3684: 3683: 3657: 3651: 3650: 3648: 3646: 3637:. Archived from 3631: 3625: 3624: 3623: 3621: 3603: 3597: 3596: 3584: 3574: 3568: 3567: 3554: 3548: 3547: 3536: 3530: 3523: 3517: 3511: 3505: 3504: 3502: 3478: 3472: 3471: 3453: 3447: 3446: 3444: 3442: 3433:. Archived from 3423: 3417: 3416: 3384: 3378: 3377: 3363: 3323: 3317: 3311: 3310: 3298: 3292: 3291: 3289: 3287: 3276: 3267: 3266: 3265: 3263: 3247: 3241: 3240:, (2003), p. 24. 3235: 3229: 3224: 3218: 3207: 3201: 3200: 3188: 3182: 3179: 3173: 3170: 3164: 3155: 3149: 3139: 3133: 3132:, November 1993. 3126: 3120: 3119: 3111: 3105: 3104: 3102: 3100: 3089: 3083: 3082: 3080: 3078: 3059: 3053: 3052: 3050: 3048: 3034: 3028: 3027: 3025: 3023: 3009: 3003: 3002: 3000: 2998: 2983: 2974: 2973: 2971: 2969: 2959: 2951: 2945: 2944: 2942: 2940: 2924: 2909: 2908: 2906: 2904: 2893:"Our Background" 2889: 2874: 2868: 2862: 2861: 2843: 2837: 2836: 2810: 2786: 2780: 2779: 2777: 2775: 2770:on 18 April 2017 2760: 2749: 2748: 2746: 2744: 2730: 2713: 2710: 2683:The Waiting Room 2662:Hospital network 2620: 2605: 2586: 2571: 2555: 2541: 2521: 2502: 2486: 2468:The research of 2395:Joint Commission 2324:health insurance 2214: 2207: 2203: 2200: 2194: 2170: 2169: 2162: 2007:opened in 1811. 1995:opened in 1752, 1977:Colonial America 1841:St Bartholomew's 1835:in 1540 by King 1779:public hospitals 1734:Entrance to the 1672: 1652: 1610:also existed at 1595: 1592: 1507: 1495: 1483: 1472:plant operations 1358:medical research 1350:medical students 1294:; an example is 1281:cancer treatment 1131:General Hospital 1096: 1090: 1072: 1034: 1020: 1014: 960:religious orders 956:health insurance 851: 844: 837: 821: 820: 809: 808: 759:Three Gorges Dam 749:Port of Shanghai 592:Public economics 429:Containerization 424:Carbon footprint 408:Issues and ideas 286:Design–bid–build 266:Asset management 213:Sewage treatment 79:Grand Coulee Dam 76: 62: 61: 50:The exterior of 39:General Hospital 21: 18:General hospital 6685: 6684: 6680: 6679: 6678: 6676: 6675: 6674: 6660: 6659: 6658: 6653: 6549:Brooklyn Bridge 6527: 6485: 6479: 6465:Waste-to-energy 6425:Reverse osmosis 6395:Hybrid vehicles 6390:High-speed rail 6375:Fuel efficiency 6345:Brownfield land 6332: 6330: 6324: 6240:Government debt 6188: 6084:Hazardous waste 6036: 6034: 6026: 6021: 5991: 5986: 5968: 5922: 5921: 5920: 5838: 5785: 5749: 5725:Overutilization 5693: 5684:Pharmacy school 5650:Assisted living 5638: 5592: 5529: 5524: 5494: 5489: 5459: 5363: 5297: 5283:Public hospital 5246: 5232:Prison hospital 5205: 5191:Mobile hospital 5169: 5133: 5092: 5037: 4988:Hospital museum 4968:Emergency codes 4940: 4939:Common hospital 4934: 4917: 4913:Articles about 4911: 4881: 4869: 4859: 4857: 4849: 4839: 4837: 4824: 4809: 4797: 4737: 4674: 4662: 4657: 4652: 4651: 4632: 4628: 4618: 4616: 4603: 4602: 4598: 4588: 4586: 4576: 4572: 4562: 4560: 4550: 4546: 4536: 4534: 4516: 4512: 4502: 4500: 4487: 4486: 4479: 4467: 4463: 4453: 4451: 4446: 4445: 4441: 4431: 4429: 4424: 4423: 4419: 4409: 4407: 4406:. 26 March 2012 4398: 4397: 4393: 4383: 4381: 4366: 4362: 4346: 4339: 4329: 4327: 4315: 4311: 4301: 4299: 4294: 4293: 4289: 4280: 4276: 4245: 4241: 4231: 4229: 4220: 4219: 4212: 4202: 4200: 4190: 4186: 4176: 4174: 4165: 4164: 4160: 4150: 4148: 4140: 4139: 4132: 4122: 4120: 4113:www.cmsdocs.org 4107: 4106: 4097: 4087: 4085: 4081: 4068: 4064: 4063: 4059: 4049: 4047: 4039: 4038: 4034: 4025: 4024: 4020: 4010: 4008: 4000: 3999: 3995: 3980: 3971: 3959: 3955: 3945: 3943: 3941: 3925: 3921: 3914: 3896: 3892: 3885: 3868: 3864: 3827:Medical History 3819: 3815: 3810:Wayback Machine 3800: 3796: 3779: 3775: 3730: 3726: 3717: 3713: 3703: 3701: 3692: 3691: 3687: 3680: 3658: 3654: 3644: 3642: 3633: 3632: 3628: 3619: 3617: 3605: 3604: 3600: 3593: 3575: 3571: 3556: 3555: 3551: 3538: 3537: 3533: 3524: 3520: 3512: 3508: 3479: 3475: 3468: 3454: 3450: 3440: 3438: 3431:www.nlm.nih.gov 3425: 3424: 3420: 3385: 3381: 3338:(12): 615–617. 3324: 3320: 3308: 3299: 3295: 3285: 3283: 3278: 3277: 3270: 3261: 3259: 3248: 3244: 3236: 3232: 3225: 3221: 3208: 3204: 3189: 3185: 3180: 3176: 3171: 3167: 3156: 3152: 3140: 3136: 3127: 3123: 3112: 3108: 3098: 3096: 3091: 3090: 3086: 3076: 3074: 3061: 3060: 3056: 3046: 3044: 3036: 3035: 3031: 3021: 3019: 3011: 3010: 3006: 2996: 2994: 2985: 2984: 2977: 2967: 2965: 2957: 2953: 2952: 2948: 2938: 2936: 2935:on 14 July 2014 2925: 2912: 2902: 2900: 2899:on 14 July 2014 2891: 2890: 2877: 2869: 2865: 2858: 2844: 2840: 2787: 2783: 2773: 2771: 2762: 2761: 2752: 2742: 2740: 2732: 2731: 2727: 2722: 2717: 2716: 2711: 2707: 2702: 2638: 2631: 2621: 2612: 2611:in Delhi, India 2606: 2597: 2587: 2578: 2572: 2563: 2556: 2547: 2542: 2533: 2522: 2513: 2503: 2494: 2487: 2449: 2374: 2352:basis, such as 2305: 2288:Catholic Church 2215: 2204: 2198: 2195: 2184: 2171: 2167: 2160: 2091:Thomas Percival 2071: 1814: 1748:Harun Al-Rashid 1736:Qalawun complex 1704: 1690: 1683: 1673: 1664: 1653: 1593: 1579: 1561: 1556: 1550: 1525: 1518: 1508: 1499: 1496: 1487: 1484: 1378: 1366: 1338: 1332: 1324:production line 1311:Narayana Health 1292:Fachkrankenhaus 1202: 1188:, persons with 1186:senior citizens 1158: 1152: 1138: 1127: 1103: 992: 954:or nonprofit), 855: 815: 798: 774:French TGV rail 645:Brooklyn Bridge 616: 615: 606: 563: 562: 561:Fields of study 553: 539:Waste-to-energy 534:Fuel efficiency 499:Reverse osmosis 464:Hybrid vehicles 459:High-speed rail 410: 409: 400: 321:Government debt 262: 261: 252: 143:Hazardous waste 94: 93: 81: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6683: 6673: 6672: 6655: 6654: 6652: 6651: 6646: 6641: 6636: 6631: 6626: 6621: 6616: 6611: 6606: 6601: 6599:Millau Viaduct 6596: 6591: 6586: 6581: 6576: 6571: 6566: 6561: 6559:Channel Tunnel 6556: 6551: 6546: 6541: 6535: 6533: 6529: 6528: 6526: 6525: 6523:Urban planning 6520: 6515: 6510: 6505: 6500: 6495: 6489: 6487: 6481: 6480: 6478: 6477: 6472: 6470:Weatherization 6467: 6462: 6457: 6452: 6447: 6442: 6437: 6432: 6427: 6422: 6417: 6412: 6407: 6402: 6397: 6392: 6387: 6382: 6377: 6372: 6367: 6362: 6357: 6352: 6347: 6342: 6336: 6334: 6326: 6325: 6323: 6322: 6317: 6312: 6307: 6302: 6297: 6292: 6287: 6282: 6280:Public finance 6277: 6275:Public capital 6272: 6267: 6262: 6257: 6252: 6247: 6242: 6237: 6232: 6227: 6222: 6217: 6212: 6207: 6202: 6196: 6194: 6190: 6189: 6187: 6186: 6181: 6176: 6171: 6166: 6161: 6156: 6151: 6146: 6144:Rail transport 6141: 6136: 6131: 6126: 6121: 6119:Public housing 6116: 6111: 6106: 6101: 6096: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6046: 6040: 6038: 6028: 6027: 6020: 6019: 6012: 6005: 5997: 5988: 5987: 5985: 5984: 5973: 5970: 5969: 5967: 5962: 5957: 5952: 5947: 5945:United Kingdom 5942: 5941: 5940: 5930: 5928: 5924: 5923: 5919: 5918: 5913: 5908: 5903: 5898: 5893: 5888: 5883: 5877: 5871: 5865: 5860: 5850: 5849: 5848: 5846: 5840: 5839: 5837: 5836: 5831: 5826: 5821: 5816: 5814:Digital health 5811: 5806: 5801: 5799:3D bioprinting 5795: 5793: 5787: 5786: 5784: 5783: 5778: 5773: 5768: 5763: 5761:Bedside manner 5757: 5755: 5751: 5750: 5748: 5747: 5742: 5737: 5732: 5727: 5722: 5717: 5712: 5707: 5701: 5699: 5695: 5694: 5692: 5691: 5686: 5681: 5670:Medical school 5667: 5662: 5657: 5652: 5646: 5644: 5640: 5639: 5637: 5636: 5631: 5626: 5621: 5616: 5611: 5606: 5600: 5598: 5594: 5593: 5591: 5590: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5570: 5565: 5560: 5555: 5550: 5545: 5540: 5534: 5531: 5530: 5523: 5522: 5515: 5508: 5500: 5491: 5490: 5464: 5461: 5460: 5458: 5457: 5452: 5447: 5442: 5437: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5417: 5412: 5407: 5402: 5397: 5392: 5387: 5382: 5377: 5371: 5369: 5365: 5364: 5362: 5361: 5356: 5351: 5346: 5341: 5336: 5331: 5326: 5324:Fever hospital 5321: 5316: 5311: 5305: 5303: 5299: 5298: 5296: 5295: 5290: 5285: 5280: 5275: 5273:State hospital 5270: 5265: 5260: 5254: 5252: 5248: 5247: 5245: 5244: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5227:Field hospital 5224: 5219: 5213: 5211: 5207: 5206: 5204: 5203: 5198: 5193: 5188: 5186:Hospital train 5183: 5177: 5175: 5171: 5170: 5168: 5167: 5162: 5157: 5152: 5147: 5141: 5139: 5135: 5134: 5132: 5131: 5126: 5117: 5112: 5107: 5100: 5098: 5094: 5093: 5091: 5090: 5084: 5078: 5072: 5069: 5063: 5057: 5051: 5045: 5043: 5039: 5038: 5036: 5035: 5030: 5025: 5020: 5015: 5010: 5005: 5000: 4995: 4990: 4985: 4980: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4960: 4955: 4950: 4944: 4942: 4936: 4935: 4922: 4919: 4918: 4910: 4909: 4902: 4895: 4887: 4880: 4879: 4867: 4847: 4846: 4822: 4807: 4796: 4795:External links 4793: 4792: 4791: 4777: 4770: 4763: 4754: 4740: 4735: 4722: 4715: 4708: 4701: 4694: 4691: 4684: 4670: 4661: 4658: 4656: 4653: 4650: 4649: 4626: 4596: 4570: 4544: 4510: 4477: 4469:Annmarie Adams 4461: 4439: 4417: 4391: 4360: 4337: 4309: 4287: 4274: 4239: 4210: 4184: 4158: 4130: 4095: 4057: 4032: 4018: 3993: 3969: 3953: 3939: 3919: 3912: 3890: 3883: 3862: 3813: 3794: 3773: 3738:Br J Gen Pract 3724: 3711: 3685: 3678: 3652: 3626: 3598: 3591: 3569: 3549: 3531: 3518: 3506: 3473: 3466: 3448: 3418: 3379: 3318: 3293: 3268: 3242: 3230: 3219: 3202: 3183: 3174: 3165: 3150: 3134: 3121: 3106: 3084: 3054: 3029: 3004: 2975: 2946: 2927:Knox, Dennis. 2910: 2875: 2863: 2856: 2838: 2781: 2750: 2724: 2723: 2721: 2718: 2715: 2714: 2704: 2703: 2701: 2698: 2697: 2696: 2691: 2689:Walk-in clinic 2686: 2679: 2674: 2669: 2664: 2659: 2654: 2649: 2644: 2637: 2634: 2633: 2632: 2622: 2615: 2613: 2607: 2600: 2598: 2588: 2581: 2579: 2573: 2566: 2564: 2557: 2550: 2548: 2543: 2536: 2534: 2523: 2516: 2514: 2504: 2497: 2495: 2488: 2481: 2448: 2445: 2437:Liam Donaldson 2373: 2370: 2354:HCA Healthcare 2339:United Kingdom 2304: 2301: 2266:case mix index 2217: 2216: 2181:of the subject 2179:worldwide view 2174: 2172: 2165: 2159: 2156: 2126:at hospitals. 2070: 2067: 2023:British Empire 1945:Guy's Hospital 1887:Guy's Hospital 1813: 1810: 1768:lunatic asylum 1720:Constantinople 1689: 1686: 1685: 1684: 1674: 1667: 1665: 1654: 1647: 1624:ancient Greece 1560: 1559:Early examples 1557: 1552:Main article: 1549: 1546: 1524: 1521: 1520: 1519: 1509: 1502: 1500: 1497: 1490: 1488: 1485: 1478: 1435:, headed by a 1377: 1374: 1365: 1362: 1334:Main article: 1331: 1328: 1275:problems (see 1201: 1198: 1192:, children in 1162:intensive care 1154:Main article: 1151: 1148: 1126: 1123: 1102: 1099: 998:for the poor, 991: 988: 948:public funding 882:trauma centers 875:intensive care 867:health science 857: 856: 854: 853: 846: 839: 831: 828: 827: 826: 825: 813: 800: 799: 797: 796: 791: 786: 781: 776: 771: 766: 761: 756: 751: 746: 741: 736: 731: 726: 721: 716: 711: 706: 701: 696: 691: 686: 681: 667: 662: 657: 652: 650:Channel Tunnel 647: 642: 637: 632: 627: 622: 613: 612: 611: 608: 607: 605: 604: 602:Urban planning 599: 594: 589: 584: 579: 574: 569: 560: 559: 558: 555: 554: 552: 551: 546: 544:Weatherization 541: 536: 531: 526: 521: 516: 511: 506: 501: 496: 491: 486: 481: 476: 471: 466: 461: 456: 451: 446: 441: 436: 431: 426: 421: 416: 407: 406: 405: 402: 401: 399: 398: 393: 388: 383: 378: 373: 368: 363: 361:Public finance 358: 356:Public capital 353: 348: 343: 338: 333: 328: 323: 318: 313: 308: 303: 298: 293: 288: 283: 278: 273: 268: 259: 258: 257: 254: 253: 251: 250: 245: 240: 235: 230: 225: 220: 215: 210: 205: 200: 195: 190: 188:Public housing 185: 180: 175: 170: 165: 160: 155: 150: 145: 140: 135: 130: 125: 120: 115: 110: 105: 100: 92:and facilities 88: 87: 86: 83: 82: 77: 69: 68: 66:Infrastructure 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6682: 6671: 6668: 6667: 6665: 6650: 6647: 6645: 6642: 6640: 6637: 6635: 6632: 6630: 6627: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6605: 6604:Nuclear power 6602: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6592: 6590: 6589:Humber Bridge 6587: 6585: 6582: 6580: 6577: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6567: 6565: 6562: 6560: 6557: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6536: 6534: 6530: 6524: 6521: 6519: 6518:Public policy 6516: 6514: 6511: 6509: 6506: 6504: 6501: 6499: 6496: 6494: 6491: 6490: 6488: 6482: 6476: 6473: 6471: 6468: 6466: 6463: 6461: 6458: 6456: 6453: 6451: 6448: 6446: 6443: 6441: 6438: 6436: 6433: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6423: 6421: 6418: 6416: 6413: 6411: 6408: 6406: 6403: 6401: 6398: 6396: 6393: 6391: 6388: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6378: 6376: 6373: 6371: 6368: 6366: 6363: 6361: 6358: 6356: 6353: 6351: 6348: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6338: 6337: 6335: 6327: 6321: 6318: 6316: 6313: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6290:Public sector 6288: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6273: 6271: 6268: 6266: 6263: 6261: 6258: 6256: 6253: 6251: 6248: 6246: 6243: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6223: 6221: 6218: 6216: 6213: 6211: 6208: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6200:Appropriation 6198: 6197: 6195: 6191: 6185: 6182: 6180: 6177: 6175: 6172: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6159:State schools 6157: 6155: 6152: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6142: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6124:Public spaces 6122: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6041: 6039: 6033: 6029: 6025: 6018: 6013: 6011: 6006: 6004: 5999: 5998: 5995: 5983: 5975: 5974: 5971: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5958: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5939: 5936: 5935: 5934: 5933:United States 5931: 5929: 5925: 5917: 5914: 5912: 5909: 5907: 5904: 5902: 5899: 5897: 5894: 5892: 5889: 5887: 5884: 5882:in healthcare 5881: 5878: 5876:in healthcare 5875: 5872: 5870:in healthcare 5869: 5866: 5864: 5861: 5859: 5855: 5852: 5851: 5847: 5845: 5841: 5835: 5832: 5830: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5820: 5817: 5815: 5812: 5810: 5807: 5805: 5802: 5800: 5797: 5796: 5794: 5792: 5788: 5782: 5779: 5777: 5774: 5772: 5769: 5767: 5764: 5762: 5759: 5758: 5756: 5752: 5746: 5743: 5741: 5738: 5736: 5733: 5731: 5728: 5726: 5723: 5721: 5718: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5702: 5700: 5696: 5690: 5687: 5685: 5682: 5679: 5675: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5647: 5645: 5641: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5622: 5620: 5617: 5615: 5612: 5610: 5607: 5605: 5602: 5601: 5599: 5595: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5566: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5535: 5532: 5528: 5521: 5516: 5514: 5509: 5507: 5502: 5501: 5498: 5488: 5487:South America 5484: 5480: 5479:North America 5476: 5472: 5468: 5462: 5456: 5453: 5451: 5448: 5446: 5443: 5441: 5438: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5396: 5393: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5372: 5370: 5366: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5354:Trauma center 5352: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5334:Lock hospital 5332: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5310: 5307: 5306: 5304: 5300: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5284: 5281: 5279: 5276: 5274: 5271: 5269: 5266: 5264: 5261: 5259: 5256: 5255: 5253: 5249: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5214: 5212: 5208: 5202: 5199: 5197: 5194: 5192: 5189: 5187: 5184: 5182: 5181:Hospital ship 5179: 5178: 5176: 5172: 5166: 5163: 5161: 5158: 5156: 5153: 5151: 5148: 5146: 5143: 5142: 5140: 5136: 5130: 5127: 5125: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5111: 5108: 5105: 5104:Base hospital 5102: 5101: 5099: 5095: 5089:(Middle Ages) 5088: 5085: 5082: 5079: 5076: 5075:Valetudinaria 5073: 5070: 5067: 5064: 5061: 5058: 5055: 5052: 5050: 5047: 5046: 5044: 5042:Archaic forms 5040: 5034: 5031: 5029: 5026: 5024: 5021: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5001: 4999: 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