39:
372:
of human diseases and potential treatments and cures can first be tested on them. Other mammals have been engineered with the aim of potentially increasing their use to medicine and industry. These possibilities include pigs expressing human antigens aiming to increasing the success of
506:, made by Nexia Biotechnologies. Prior to its bankruptcy, the company successfully generated distinct lines of goats that produced recombinant versions of either the MaSpI or MaSpII dragline silk proteins, respectively, in their milk.
1375:
Kawarasaki, T.; Uchiyama, K.; Hirao, A.; Azuma, S.; Otake, M.; Shibata, M.; Tsuchiya, S.; Enosawa, S.; Takeuchi, K.; Konno, K.; Hakamata, Y.; Yoshino, H.; Wakai, T.; Ookawara, S.; Tanaka, H.; Kobayashi, E.; Murakami, T. (2009).
348:. The majority of research involving genetically modified mammals involves mice with attempts to produce knockout animals in other mammalian species limited by the inability to derive and stably culture
672:, Ruppy and four other beagles produced a fluorescent protein that glowed red upon excitation with ultraviolet light. It was hoped to use this procedure to investigate the effect of the hormone
707:) and produced a stable line of breeding transgenic primates for the first time. It was hoped that this would aid research into human diseases that cannot be studied in mice, for example
1037:
368:. Genetic modification can also produce mammals that are susceptible to certain compounds or stresses for testing in biomedical research. Some genetically modified mammals are used as
1552:
1665:
1898:
320:
1217:
Biopolymer, Volume 8 Polyamides and
Complex Proteinaceous Materials II, edited by S.R. Fahnestock & A. Steinbuchel, 2003 Wiley-VCH Verlag, pages 97-117
1343:"Gene Transfer Breakthroughs at NTU: Advanced Biotechnology Creates Fluorescent Green Transgenic Fish and Pigs that Possess Ornamental and Research Value"
588:
364:
when specific genes are altered. This can be used to discover the function of an unknown gene, any genetic interactions that occur or where the gene is
1568:
1994:
1496:
Naturalis (2008). Herman the Bull stabled in
Naturalis. Accessed on 3 January 2009 from www.naturalis.nl/naturalis.en/naturalis.en/i000968.html.
1284:
1041:
868:
Edge, A.; Gosse, M.; Dinsmore, J. (1998). "Xenogeneic cell therapy: current progress and future developments in porcine cell transplantation".
569:
522:
line of
Yorkshire pigs with the capability to digest plant phosphorus more efficiently than ordinary unmodified pigs that was developed at the
1263:
1932:
1175:
Kitada, K; Ishishita, S; Tosaka, K; Takahashi, R; Ueda, M; Keng, VW; Horie, K; Takeda, J (2007). "Transposon-tagged mutagenesis in the rat".
614:
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141:
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2615:
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449:
151:
2661:
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1506:
De Boer, H.A.; et al. (1991). "Generation of transgenic dairy cattle using 'in vitro' embryo production".
169:
134:
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1949:
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2004:
1989:
1548:
Expatica News (2 April 2004). Herman the bull heads to greener pastures. Accessed on 3 January 2009 from
630:
622:
116:
87:
72:
1342:
391:
Genetically modified mice are often used to study cellular and tissue-specific responses to disease (cf
2298:
2204:
2099:
1971:
1962:
1112:
Zhou, Q; Renard, JP; Le Friec, G; Brochard, V; Beaujean, N; Cherifi, Y; Fraichard, A; Cozzi, J (2003).
534:
386:
236:
101:
96:
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and her team announced the first trypanotolerant transgenic cow in the world. This team, spanning the
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to create a miniature version of the Bama breed of pigs, and offered them for sale to consumers.
274:
201:
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2143:
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bull had been born and had already successfully had two children. Tumaini – named for the
1550:
http://www.expatica.com/nl/news/local_news/herman-the-bull-heads-to-greener-pastures--6273.html
716:
537:'s Department of Animal Science and Technology managed to breed three green-glowing pigs using
1458:
2048:
1762:"Newly created transgenic primate may become an alternative disease model to rhesus macaques"
683:
to have twice the normal muscle mass, inserting a natural myostatin gene mutation taken from
554:
542:
1015:
360:
The majority of genetically modified mammals are used in research to investigate changes in
2587:
2362:
2128:
1389:
1068:
954:
Wagner J, Thiele F, Ganten D (May 1995). "Transgenic animals as models for human disease".
912:
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523:
349:
289:
8:
2577:
2509:
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2311:
1941:
989:
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519:
437:
415:
403:, the production of the human disease in these mice then allows treatments to be tested.
374:
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29:
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in the world. The announcement of Herman's creation generated considerable controversy.
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562:
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423:
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1378:"Profile of new green fluorescent protein transgenic Jinhua pigs as an imaging source"
1234:
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is a rat with a single gene disruption used for academic and pharmaceutical research.
284:
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1098:
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1702:"Super-strong, genetically-engineered dogs -- Could they cure Parkinson's disease?"
1609:
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1819:
1802:
1569:"Cloned bull could contribute to development of disease-resistant African cattle"
1556:
1303:
1267:
600:
453:
365:
179:
1283:
Randall, S.; et al. (2008). e. Harding, Stephen; p. Tombs, Michael (eds.).
731:
In 2011 a
Japanese-American Team created genetically modified green-fluorescent
2540:
2535:
2470:
2460:
2372:
2209:
2173:
1905:
National
Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Retrieved 31 August 2012
1605:
1161:
Justice MJ, Noveroske JK, Weber JS, Zheng B, Bradley A: Mouse ENU mutagenesis"
903:
Vollrath, F.; Knight, D. (2001). "Liquid crystalline spinning of spider silk".
765:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
457:
392:
279:
208:
1631:
967:
2735:
2715:
2592:
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2347:
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2123:
1843:
1473:"Super pigs created by scientists that are immune to 'mystery swine disease'"
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186:
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38:
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1402:
1377:
1188:
759:
Golding, M.; Long, C.; Carmell, M.; Hannon, G.; Westhusin, M. (2006).
679:
A team in China reported in 2015 that they had genetically engineered
495:
name for a high-strength based fiber material made of the recombinant
2720:
2687:
2562:
2221:
2214:
2153:
2148:
2107:
2089:
1435:"£1,000 for a micro-pig. Chinese lab sells genetically modified pets"
1038:"Genetically engineered 'mighty mouse' is the rodent Lance Armstrong"
924:
591:, a disease that causes major losses in the world-wide pig industry.
580:
558:
515:
492:
456:. The aim of the research was to gain a greater understanding of the
407:
361:
1778:
1761:
1081:
1056:
2710:
2677:
2480:
2475:
2352:
1114:"Generation of fertile cloned rats by regulating oocyte activation"
736:
704:
673:
431:
396:
1237:
BBC News US & Canada, 4 January 2011, retrieved 5 January 2011
2705:
2682:
2262:
2012:
1984:
1979:
700:
684:
527:
1848:"Antiviral restriction factor transgenesis in the domestic cat"
1601:
761:"Suppression of prion protein in livestock by RNA interference"
712:
699:
announced that they had successfully transferred a gene into a
680:
669:
646:
607:
550:
465:
377:
to lactating mammals expressing useful proteins in their milk.
337:
218:
1174:
818:
Sathasivam K, Hobbs C, Mangiarini L, et al. (June 1999).
629:'s Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health, and the
696:
661:
584:
461:
213:
1841:
1374:
568:
In 2015, researchers at the
Beijing Genomics Institute used
395:). This is possible since mice can be created with the same
503:
427:
1111:
1598:
Genetics and breeding for disease resistance of livestock
817:
732:
1285:"Genetically Modified Pigs for Medicine and Agriculture"
758:
530:
in the salivary glands that is secreted in the saliva.
579:
of the
University of Edinburgh, in collaboration with
664:(short for Ruby Puppy) was in 2009 the world's first
1995:
List of varieties of genetically modified maize/corn
1589:
1261:
Fluorescent
Chinese pig passes on trait to offspring
1666:"Fluorescent puppy is world's first transgenic dog"
1803:"Brain-mapping projects using the common marmoset"
1687:"World's First Transgenic Dog-Fluorescent 'Ruppy'"
1596:Pal, Aruna; Chakravarty, A. K. (22 October 2019).
1561:
953:
867:
2733:
1835:
1718:
570:transcription activator-like effector nucleases
444:scientists led by Richard Hanson, professor of
1595:
902:
587:gene. These pigs were completely resistant to
583:, reported they had bred pigs with a modified
1926:
1801:Okano, Hideyuki; Partha, Mitra (April 2015).
1794:
1699:
1490:
1292:Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Reviews
589:Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome
314:
1842:Wongsrikeao P, Saenz D, Rinkoski T, Otoi T,
1731:
1542:
2568:Detection of genetically modified organisms
1800:
1681:
1679:
820:"Transgenic models of Huntington's disease"
811:
1933:
1919:
1721:"First Gene-Edited Dogs Reported in China"
1499:
1433:Editor, Robin Mckie Science (2015-10-03).
1278:
1276:
619:International Livestock Research Institute
321:
307:
1871:
1818:
1777:
1759:
1401:
1080:
1057:"Laboratory animals: the Renaissance rat"
1035:
844:
825:Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci.
794:
784:
641:word for "hope" – had been given a
499:-like protein extracted from the milk of
1676:
541:. Fluorescent pigs can be used to study
1940:
1505:
1335:
1282:
1273:
270:Genetically modified food controversies
2734:
1737:
1658:
1432:
1054:
1005:
1914:
1368:
1350:National Taiwan University Newsletter
1253:
1719:Antonio Regalado (19 October 2015).
1250:BBC News, Retrieved 1 September 2012
344:. They are an important category of
1740:"Glowing monkeys 'to aid research'"
1040:. London: Telegraph. Archived from
988:European Patent Register entry for
13:
2598:Genetic use restriction technology
1614:10.1016/b978-0-12-816406-8.00019-x
1235:GM pigs: Green ham with your eggs?
996:". Consulted on February 22, 2008.
605:genetically modified or transgenic
14:
2753:
1700:Will Heilpern (28 October 2015).
460:, which is present mainly in the
1248:Taiwan breeds green-glowing pigs
1008:"The mouse that shook the world"
526:. Enviropigs produce the enzyme
37:
2616:Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety
1888:
1753:
1712:
1693:
1465:
1426:
1240:
1227:
1211:
1168:
1155:
1105:
1036:Highfield, Roger (2007-11-02).
450:Case Western Reserve University
152:Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety
2742:Genetically modified organisms
1246:Hogg, Chris (12 January 2006)
1048:
1029:
999:
982:
947:
896:
861:
752:
440:are the creation of a team of
346:genetically modified organisms
52:Genetically modified organisms
1:
2378:Somatic cell nuclear transfer
1738:Palmer, Jason (27 May 2009).
1270:AFP, Retrieved 31 August 2012
882:10.1016/S0963-6897(98)00043-8
746:
741:Feline immunodeficiency virus
1820:10.1016/j.neures.2014.08.014
1382:Journal of Biomedical Optics
1304:10.7313/upo9781904761679.011
1006:Connor, Steve (2007-11-02).
990:European patent no. 0169672
533:In 2006 the scientists from
334:Genetically modified mammals
7:
690:
631:City University of New York
10:
2758:
575:In 2017 scientists at the
535:National Taiwan University
422:and Timothy A. Stewart of
387:Genetically modified mouse
384:
237:Genetically modified crops
2701:
2670:
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2606:
2553:
2523:
2491:
2436:Genetically modified food
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2421:
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2186:
2116:
2098:
2080:
2062:
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2021:
2003:
1970:
1961:
1948:
968:10.3109/10641969509037410
743:(FIV) is related to HIV.
594:
539:green fluorescent protein
1014:. London. Archived from
623:Scotland's Rural College
483:
355:
1901:April 11, 2014, at the
1259:Staff (8 January 2008)
1133:10.1126/science.1088313
786:10.1073/pnas.0600813103
726:
656:
543:human organ transplants
518:is the trademark for a
509:
471:
380:
275:GMO conspiracy theories
147:Substantial equivalence
1356:: 14–15. December 2007
837:10.1098/rstb.1999.0447
739:and other diseases as
695:In 2009 scientists in
565:, and other diseases.
545:, regenerating ocular
342:genetically engineered
127:History and regulation
2049:Roundup ready soybean
1894:Staff (3 April 2012)
1807:Neuroscience Research
1760:Cyranoski, D (2009).
555:regenerative medicine
2588:Reverse transfection
2363:Genetic transduction
1608:. pp. 271–296.
956:Clin. Exp. Hypertens
870:Cell Transplantation
709:Huntington's disease
666:genetically modified
553:cells in the brain,
524:University of Guelph
520:genetically modified
430:called an activated
426:to carry a specific
416:genetically modified
399:that occur in human
350:embryonic stem cells
290:StarLink corn recall
2578:Genetics in fiction
2510:Genetic enhancement
2312:Hepatitis B vaccine
1942:Genetic engineering
1520:10.1038/nbt0991-844
1394:2009JBO....14e4017K
1073:2004Natur.428..464A
917:2001Natur.410..541V
777:2006PNAS..103.5285G
717:Alzheimer's disease
643:trypanolytic factor
633:, announced that a
547:photoreceptor cells
438:Metabolic supermice
375:xenotransplantation
30:Genetic engineering
2688:Stem cell research
2307:Ice-minus bacteria
1864:10.1038/nmeth.1703
1604:, United Kingdom:
1555:2014-07-29 at the
1457:has generic name (
1266:2012-07-25 at the
1165:1999; 8:1955-1963.
1055:Abbott, A (2004).
735:in order to study
563:tissue engineering
424:Harvard University
2729:
2728:
2693:Synthetic biology
2583:Human enhancement
2573:Genetic pollution
2549:
2548:
2417:
2416:
2325:
2324:
2288:
2287:
2182:
2181:
1725:Technology Review
1649:978-0-12-816406-8
1623:978-0-12-817267-4
1403:10.1117/1.3241985
1223:978-3-527-30223-9
1189:10.1038/nmeth1002
1067:(6982): 464–466.
911:(6828): 541–548.
771:(14): 5285–5290.
401:genetic disorders
331:
330:
295:He Jiankui affair
175:Molecular cloning
2749:
2466:Dow AgroSciences
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1672:. 23 April 2009.
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1324:. Archived from
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925:10.1038/35069000
900:
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893:
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859:
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627:Roslin Institute
577:Roslin Institute
412:laboratory mouse
323:
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16:
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2555:
2545:
2519:
2515:Genetic testing
2497:
2487:
2413:
2399:Recombinant DNA
2387:
2358:Electroporation
2321:
2317:Oncolytic virus
2296:
2284:
2241:
2227:Herman the Bull
2178:
2112:
2094:
2076:
2058:
2035:
2017:
1999:
1953:
1951:
1944:
1939:
1909:
1903:Wayback Machine
1893:
1889:
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1779:10.1038/459492a
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1557:Wayback Machine
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1268:Wayback Machine
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1082:10.1038/428464a
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1021:
1019:
1012:The Independent
1004:
1000:
987:
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866:
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831:(1386): 963–9.
816:
812:
757:
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749:
729:
693:
668:dog. A cloned
659:
601:Herman the Bull
597:
512:
486:
474:
454:Cleveland, Ohio
389:
383:
358:
340:that have been
327:
285:Séralini affair
180:Recombinant DNA
12:
11:
5:
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2671:Similar fields
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2541:Gene targeting
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2536:Gene knockdown
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2507:
2501:
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2471:DuPont Pioneer
2468:
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2429:In agriculture
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2373:Microinjection
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2242:
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2229:
2224:
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2218:
2217:
2212:
2210:Knockout mouse
2201:
2199:
2190:
2184:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2177:
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2166:
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2045:
2043:
2037:
2036:
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2033:
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2019:
2018:
2016:
2015:
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2000:
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1992:
1987:
1982:
1976:
1974:
1965:
1956:
1946:
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1938:
1937:
1930:
1923:
1915:
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1907:
1896:Biology of HIV
1887:
1852:Nature Methods
1834:
1793:
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1730:
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1675:
1657:
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1606:Academic Press
1588:
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1464:
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1367:
1334:
1331:on 2014-03-26.
1312:
1272:
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1239:
1233:Cooke, Jeremy
1226:
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1167:
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1044:on 2007-11-05.
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676:on fertility.
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596:
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458:PEPCK-C enzyme
414:that has been
393:knockout mouse
385:Main article:
382:
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325:
318:
311:
303:
300:
299:
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297:
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280:Pusztai affair
277:
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230:
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192:Transformation
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1670:New Scientist
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262:Controversies
261:
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254:Designer baby
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2404:Transgenesis
2383:Transfection
2348:Agrobacteria
2232:Knockout rat
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1950:Genetically
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475:
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249:Gene therapy
229:Applications
202:Transduction
197:Transfection
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2498:diagnostics
2368:Lipofection
2129:Arabidopsis
2031:Golden rice
1298:: 245–266.
1177:Nat Methods
994:Inventor(s)
651:CRISPR/Cas9
615:Jayne Raper
497:spider silk
2608:Regulation
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2409:Cisgenesis
2353:Biolistics
2159:Sugar beet
2072:Flavr Savr
1972:Maize/corn
1844:Poeschla E
1746:2009-05-28
1742:. BBC News
1632:1125327298
1582:2021-07-24
1483:2017-02-24
1360:19 October
1022:2009-11-26
747:References
559:stem cells
501:transgenic
170:Techniques
142:Regulation
102:Maize/corn
2721:Bioethics
2625:Geography
2563:Transgene
2331:Processes
2222:Enviropig
2215:Oncomouse
2154:SmartStax
2090:Bt cotton
1954:organisms
1640:208596567
1447:cite news
1420:206427813
992:, under "
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705:marmosets
703:species (
599:In 1991,
516:enviropig
493:trademark
408:oncomouse
397:mutations
366:expressed
362:phenotype
2736:Category
2711:Genetics
2678:Eugenics
2556:articles
2481:Syngenta
2476:Monsanto
2448:Pharming
2294:Bacteria
1990:StarLink
1952:modified
1899:Archived
1882:21909101
1846:(2011).
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691:Primates
685:whippets
674:estrogen
613:In 2016
551:neuronal
489:BioSteel
442:American
432:oncogene
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2683:Cloning
2662:Oceania
2554:Related
2299:viruses
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2253:Insects
2197:Mammals
2188:Animals
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2164:Tobacco
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2013:Amflora
1985:MON 863
1980:MON 810
1873:4006694
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1528:1367358
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713:strokes
701:primate
681:beagles
645:from a
639:Swahili
528:phytase
466:kidneys
338:mammals
162:Process
135:History
112:Soybean
88:Insects
78:Mammals
73:Animals
66:Viruses
2637:Africa
2632:Europe
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2117:Other
2100:Wheat
1963:Crops
1636:S2CID
1532:S2CID
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937:S2CID
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2023:Rice
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1825:PMID
1784:PMID
1645:ISBN
1628:OCLC
1618:ISBN
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1574:ILRI
1524:PMID
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315:t
308:v
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