77:
20:
2389:
1958:
1968:
2066:
2401:
109:. It seems that coelacanths have also been around for the past 80 million years but have failed to leave any fossils. The reason for this is their environment, which is deep water near volcanic islands; therefore, these sediments are hard to get to, giving these coelacanths an 80 million year gap or ghost lineage. Another ghost lineage was that of the
36:
existence of the lineage and extrapolating relationships between organisms based on phylogenetic analysis. Ghost lineages assume unseen diversity in the fossil record and serve as predictions for what the fossil record could eventually yield; these hypotheses can be tested by unearthing new fossils or running phylogenetic analyses.
43:
are related concepts, as both stem from gaps in the fossil record. A ghost lineage is any gap in a taxon's fossil record, with or without reappearance, while a
Lazarus taxon is a type of ghost lineage wherein a species is believed to have gone extinct due to an absence of it in the fossil record, but
35:
is a hypothesized ancestor in a species lineage that has left no fossil evidence, but can still be inferred to exist or have existed because of gaps in the fossil record or genomic evidence. The process of determining a ghost lineage relies on fossilized evidence before and after the hypothetical
130:
The duration between distinct fossils can be measured and used to derive information about the evolutionary history of a species. A study conducted in 1998 showed that a correlation exists between the diversification of a species and the duration of its ghost lineage; namely that a shorter ghost
147:
crayfish, a variety of plants, and humans. A study comparing the genomes of 69 modern bonobos and chimpanzees found between .9-4.2% of gene flow from ancient bonobos and an archaic great ape lineage to modern bonobos, allowing researchers to reconstruct 4.8% of this ghost population’s genome.
96:
When looking back at extinct organisms, there are some groups of organisms (or lineages) that have gaps in their fossil records. These organisms or species may be closely related to one another, but there are no traces in the fossil records or sediment beds that might shed some light on their
97:
origins. Biologists may infer the existence of ghost lineages by examining sequential stratigraphic units in the fossil record. Fossils can then be mapped onto cladograms and range charts to assess which lineages are missing in the fossil record. A classic example is the
148:
Furthermore, previous models for
European ancestry suggested that European populations descended from two ancient populations, but genetic evidence now suggests that a third “ghost population”, the Ancient North Eurasians, has also contributed to European ancestry.
527:
67:
It is important to note that ghost lineages and ghost taxa are not the same. A ghost lineage is a one direct connection between the descendant and the ancestor, whereas a ghost taxon has many split descendants.
183:"Whole-genome sequence analysis of a Pan African set of samples reveals archaic gene flow from an extinct basal population of modern humans into sub-Saharan populations"
1690:
60:....I refer to these as ghost lineages because they are invisible to the fossil record." Phylogenetic trees constructed based on fossil records and
362:
Norell MA, Novacek MJ (March 1992). "The fossil record and evolution: comparing cladistic and paleontologic evidence for vertebrate history".
323:
1439:
739:
27:. Thick horizontal lines signify the existence of a fossil record for the respective time and taxa. Thin lines represent ghost lineages.
568:
Kuhlwilm M, Han S, Sousa VC, Excoffier L, Marques-Bonet T (June 2019). "Ancient admixture from an extinct ape lineage into bonobos".
56:
In 1992, an article stated: "These additional entities are taxa that are predicted to occur by the internal branching structure of
1943:
1398:
2004:
613:"Perspectives on the clonal persistence of presumed 'ghost' genomes in unisexual or allopolyploid taxa arising via hybridization"
749:
1706:
1466:
2199:
1063:
1789:
709:
1451:
1111:
2159:
1518:
64:
often give an indication that species with similar phenotypes existed, although its fossil has not been discovered.
2239:
1523:
1121:
467:"New dinosaur (Theropoda, stem-Averostra) from the earliest Jurassic of the La Quinta formation, Venezuelan Andes"
2244:
2177:
1768:
1758:
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957:
61:
543:
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1896:
1763:
1543:
1287:
1085:
989:
878:
267:"Tree-Based Approaches to Understanding History; Comments on Ranks, Rules and the Quality of the Fossil Record"
1961:
1548:
1292:
1031:
1493:
1901:
1403:
528:"Ghost lineages and "mammalness": assessing the temporal pattern of character acquisition in the Synapsida"
139:
Genetic evidence has revealed ghost populations in many species, including modern bonobos and chimpanzees,
80:
A selection of gaps within the fossil record of animals having hard body parts. Other notable examples are
2164:
2071:
2027:
1997:
1971:
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1667:
841:
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1068:
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729:
671:
240:
181:
Lorente-Galdos B, Lao O, Serra-Vidal G, Santpere G, Kuderna LF, Arauna LR, et al. (April 2019).
1590:
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1990:
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266:
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2206:
2112:
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1738:
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1473:
1388:
1304:
1216:
1199:
1126:
1116:
826:
734:
718:
624:
482:
418:"Fossil ghost ranges are most common in some of the oldest and some of the youngest strata"
371:
281:
1478:
1348:
8:
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2131:
1906:
1864:
1814:
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1573:
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1483:
1429:
1273:
1026:
969:
831:
814:
792:
349:
Taxic Origin and
Temporal Diversity: The Effect of Phylogeny, in Extinction and Phylogeny
1184:
628:
486:
375:
285:
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612:
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466:
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417:
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209:
182:
2100:
1967:
1921:
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1595:
1373:
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1090:
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1048:
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918:
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447:
387:
214:
57:
551:
399:
2189:
2143:
1513:
1080:
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866:
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632:
577:
539:
498:
490:
437:
429:
379:
289:
204:
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157:
44:
then reappears after a period of time. Examples of
Lazarus taxa include the famous
1358:
383:
2290:
1874:
1498:
1325:
1314:
1268:
1211:
1160:
940:
744:
144:
2264:
1714:
1586:
1528:
888:
883:
821:
799:
636:
581:
324:"Meet the Lazarus creatures – six species we thought were extinct, but aren't"
199:
2421:
2259:
2229:
2013:
1916:
1794:
1753:
1599:
1353:
1021:
1016:
611:
Unmack PJ, Adams M, Bylemans J, Hardy CM, Hammer MP, Georges A (March 2019).
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82:
40:
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1911:
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88:
24:
293:
19:
2359:
2052:
1938:
1809:
1538:
1073:
903:
809:
767:
465:
Langer MC, RincĂłn AD, Ramezani J, SolĂłrzano A, Rauhut OW (October 2014).
118:
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494:
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1700:
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1609:
1243:
1043:
930:
908:
861:
856:
804:
772:
687:
102:
98:
45:
16:
Phylogenetic lineage that is inferred to exist but has no fossil record
2374:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2223:
2105:
1933:
1784:
1393:
1011:
759:
113:
110:
106:
180:
131:
lineage implies that there will be greater species diversification.
1836:
1038:
309:
The
Mistaken Extinction: Dinosaur Evolution and the Origin of Birds
116:, a ghost lineage now reduced considerably due to the discovery of
1221:
935:
1982:
2065:
2194:
2122:
1142:
464:
544:
10.1666/0094-8373(1998)024[0254:GLAATT]2.3.CO;2
567:
610:
351:. Columbia University Press, New York. pp. 89–118.
2061:
48:, as well as the Philippine naked-backed fruit bat.
347:Norell MA (1992). Novacek MJ, Wheeler QD (eds.).
243:. University of California Museum of Paleontology
2419:
125:
1998:
703:
361:
525:
2005:
1991:
710:
696:
672:"New Branch Added to European Family Tree"
306:
644:
502:
441:
340:
208:
198:
1944:Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance
717:
75:
18:
2420:
346:
321:
264:
1986:
1707:Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion
691:
666:
664:
563:
561:
415:
238:
2400:
458:
411:
409:
260:
258:
234:
232:
230:
228:
134:
13:
1112:Evolutionary developmental biology
661:
558:
14:
2439:
2012:
406:
355:
255:
225:
2399:
2388:
2387:
2240:Phylogenetic comparative methods
2064:
1966:
1957:
1956:
422:Proceedings. Biological Sciences
101:, a type of fish related to the
2245:Phylogenetic niche conservatism
1769:Extended evolutionary synthesis
958:Gene-centered view of evolution
604:
519:
1897:Hologenome theory of evolution
1764:History of molecular evolution
990:Evolutionarily stable strategy
879:Last universal common ancestor
570:Nature Ecology & Evolution
315:
300:
174:
1:
1691:Renaissance and Enlightenment
384:10.1126/science.255.5052.1690
168:
1902:Missing heritability problem
1529:Gamete differentiation/sexes
526:Sidor CA, Hopson JA (1998).
322:Gentle L (6 November 2015).
126:Duration and diversification
62:Darwin's Theory of Evolution
7:
2165:Phylogenetic reconciliation
2072:Evolutionary biology portal
2028:Computational phylogenetics
274:American Journal of Science
151:
71:
10:
2444:
1534:Life cycles/nuclear phases
1086:Trivers–Willard hypothesis
637:10.1038/s41598-019-40865-3
471:Royal Society Open Science
311:. New York: W. H. Freeman.
265:Norell MA (January 1993).
2383:
2355:Phylogenetic nomenclature
2347:
2321:
2273:
2215:
2152:
2081:
2059:
2020:
1952:
1852:
1777:
1681:
1608:
1564:
1419:
1323:
1140:
1099:
1032:Parent–offspring conflict
968:
837:Earliest known life forms
758:
725:
582:10.1038/s41559-019-0881-7
416:Wills MA (October 2007).
307:Dingus L, Rowe T (1998).
200:10.1186/s13059-019-1684-5
1885:Cultural group selection
1749:The eclipse of Darwinism
1721:On the Origin of Species
1696:Transmutation of species
674:. Harvard Medical School
2235:Molecular phylogenetics
2185:Distance-matrix methods
2033:Molecular phylogenetics
1890:Dual inheritance theory
1729:History of paleontology
51:
2255:Phylogenetics software
2169:Probabilistic methods
2118:Long branch attraction
1578:Punctuated equilibrium
899:Non-adaptive radiation
847:Evolutionary arms race
434:10.1098/rspb.2007.0357
93:
28:
2048:Evolutionary taxonomy
1870:Evolutionary medicine
1744:Mendelian inheritance
1452:Biological complexity
1440:Programmed cell death
1132:Phenotypic plasticity
852:Evolutionary pressure
842:Evidence of evolution
740:Timeline of evolution
294:10.2475/ajs.293.a.407
79:
22:
2207:Three-taxon analysis
2113:Phylogenetic network
1844:Teleology in biology
1739:Blending inheritance
1117:Genetic assimilation
980:Artificial selection
719:Evolutionary biology
239:Wedel M (May 2010).
2250:Phylogenetic signal
1907:Molecular evolution
1865:Ecological genetics
1734:Transitional fossil
1524:Sexual reproduction
1364:endomembrane system
1293:pollinator-mediated
1249:dolphins and whales
1027:Parental investment
629:2019NatSR...9.4730U
495:10.1098/rsos.140184
487:2014RSOS....140184L
376:1992Sci...255.1690N
286:1993AmJS..293..407N
39:Ghost lineages and
2178:Bayesian inference
2173:Maximum likelihood
1880:Cultural evolution
995:Fisher's principle
924:Handicap principle
914:Parallel evolution
778:Adaptive radiation
617:Scientific Reports
94:
58:phylogenetic trees
29:
2415:
2414:
2160:Maximum parsimony
2153:Inference methods
2101:Phylogenetic tree
1980:
1979:
1596:Uniformitarianism
1549:Sex-determination
1054:Sexual dimorphism
1049:Natural selection
953:Unit of selection
919:Signalling theory
143:frogs, polyploid
105:and to primitive
2435:
2403:
2402:
2391:
2390:
2190:Neighbor-joining
2144:Ghost population
2074:
2069:
2068:
2007:
2000:
1993:
1984:
1983:
1970:
1960:
1959:
1759:Modern synthesis
1519:Multicellularity
1514:Mosaic evolution
1399:auditory ossicle
1081:Social selection
1064:Flowering plants
1059:Sexual selection
712:
705:
698:
689:
688:
683:
682:
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608:
602:
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565:
556:
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523:
517:
516:
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462:
456:
455:
445:
428:(1624): 2421–7.
413:
404:
403:
370:(5052): 1690–3.
359:
353:
352:
344:
338:
337:
335:
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328:The Conversation
319:
313:
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298:
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252:
250:
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241:"Ghost lineages"
236:
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158:Ghost population
135:Genetic evidence
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2436:
2434:
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2432:
2418:
2417:
2416:
2411:
2379:
2343:
2317:
2291:Symplesiomorphy
2269:
2211:
2148:
2077:
2070:
2063:
2057:
2021:Relevant fields
2016:
2011:
1981:
1976:
1948:
1875:Group selection
1848:
1773:
1677:
1604:
1566:Tempo and modes
1560:
1415:
1319:
1136:
1095:
971:
964:
941:Species complex
754:
745:History of life
721:
716:
686:
677:
675:
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605:
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145:parthenogenetic
137:
128:
74:
54:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2295:
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2268:
2267:
2265:Phylogeography
2262:
2257:
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2237:
2232:
2227:
2219:
2217:
2216:Current topics
2213:
2212:
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2129:
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2110:
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2082:Basic concepts
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1715:Charles Darwin
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1653:Non-ecological
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1406:
1404:nervous system
1401:
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950:
945:
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938:
928:
927:
926:
916:
911:
906:
904:Origin of life
901:
896:
891:
889:Microevolution
886:
884:Macroevolution
881:
876:
871:
870:
869:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
822:Common descent
819:
818:
817:
807:
802:
800:Baldwin effect
797:
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780:
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764:
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723:
722:
715:
714:
707:
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685:
684:
660:
603:
576:(6): 957–965.
557:
538:(2): 254–273.
518:
457:
405:
354:
339:
314:
299:
280:(A): 407–417.
254:
224:
187:Genome Biology
172:
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127:
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53:
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15:
9:
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2:
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2428:Phylogenetics
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2260:Phylogenomics
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2230:DNA barcoding
2228:
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2208:
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2201:
2200:Least squares
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2158:
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2145:
2142:
2138:
2137:Ghost lineage
2135:
2134:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2124:
2121:
2119:
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2111:
2107:
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2019:
2015:
2014:Phylogenetics
2008:
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1820:Structuralism
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1795:Catastrophism
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1754:Neo-Darwinism
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1354:symbiogenesis
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1022:Kin selection
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1017:Genetic drift
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479:Royal Society
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163:Lazarus taxon
161:
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83:Chronoperates
78:
69:
65:
63:
59:
49:
47:
42:
37:
34:
33:ghost lineage
26:
23:Phylogeny of
21:
2404:
2392:
2365:Sister group
2348:Nomenclature
2311:Autapomorphy
2306:Synapomorphy
2286:Plesiomorphy
2274:Group traits
2222:
2136:
2094:Cladogenesis
2089:Phylogenesis
1929:Polymorphism
1912:Astrobiology
1860:Biogeography
1815:Saltationism
1805:Orthogenesis
1790:Alternatives
1719:
1705:
1638:Cospeciation
1633:Cladogenesis
1582:Saltationism
1539:Mating types
1462:Color vision
1447:Avian flight
1369:mitochondria
1107:Canalisation
985:Biodiversity
730:Introduction
676:. Retrieved
620:
616:
606:
573:
569:
535:
532:Paleobiology
531:
521:
474:
470:
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367:
363:
357:
348:
342:
331:. Retrieved
327:
317:
308:
302:
277:
273:
245:. Retrieved
190:
186:
176:
141:allopolypoid
138:
129:
117:
95:
89:Protanguilla
87:
81:
66:
55:
41:Lazarus taxa
38:
32:
30:
25:ichthyosaurs
2360:Crown group
2322:Group types
2053:Systematics
1939:Systematics
1810:Mutationism
1628:Catagenesis
1556:Snake venom
1489:Eusociality
1467:in primates
1457:Cooperation
1385:In animals
1205:butterflies
1178:Cephalopods
1168:Brachiopods
1100:Development
1074:Mate choice
827:Convergence
810:Coevolution
768:Abiogenesis
623:(1): 4730.
247:November 4,
119:Tachiraptor
46:coelacanths
2038:Cladistics
1800:Lamarckism
1778:Philosophy
1701:David Hume
1663:Peripatric
1658:Parapatric
1643:Ecological
1623:Anagenesis
1618:Allopatric
1610:Speciation
1574:Gradualism
1499:Metabolism
1359:chromosome
1349:Eukaryotes
1127:Modularity
1044:Population
970:Population
931:Speciation
909:Panspermia
862:Extinction
857:Exaptation
832:Divergence
805:Cladistics
793:Reciprocal
773:Adaptation
678:2019-12-11
481:: 140184.
333:2019-12-04
169:References
111:averostran
103:lungfishes
99:coelacanth
2375:Supertree
2339:Polyphyly
2334:Paraphyly
2329:Monophyly
2301:Apomorphy
2281:Primitive
2224:PhyloCode
2106:Cladogram
1934:Protocell
1785:Darwinism
1673:Sympatric
1422:processes
1310:Tetrapods
1259:Kangaroos
1185:Dinosaurs
1122:Inversion
1091:Variation
1012:Gene flow
1005:Inclusive
815:Mutualism
760:Evolution
598:139107044
193:(1): 77.
114:theropods
107:tetrapods
2422:Category
2394:Category
2297:Derived
2043:Taxonomy
1962:Category
1837:Vitalism
1832:Theistic
1825:Spandrel
1509:Morality
1504:Monogamy
1379:plastids
1344:Flagella
1300:Reptiles
1281:sea cows
1264:primates
1173:Molluscs
1151:Bacteria
1039:Mutation
972:genetics
948:Taxonomy
894:Mismatch
874:Homology
788:Cheating
783:Altruism
655:30894575
590:31036897
552:83773704
513:26064540
452:17652067
400:26752987
392:17749423
219:31023378
152:See also
72:Examples
2406:Commons
2132:Lineage
1853:Related
1683:History
1544:Meiosis
1479:Empathy
1474:Emotion
1374:nucleus
1315:Viruses
1305:Spiders
1217:Mammals
1200:Insects
1000:Fitness
936:Species
735:Outline
646:6426837
625:Bibcode
504:4448901
483:Bibcode
443:2274967
372:Bibcode
364:Science
282:Bibcode
210:6485163
1972:Portal
1648:Hybrid
1484:Ethics
1326:organs
1288:Plants
1274:lemurs
1269:humans
1254:horses
1244:hyenas
1232:wolves
1227:canids
1161:origin
653:
643:
596:
588:
550:
511:
501:
450:
440:
398:
390:
217:
207:
2370:Basal
2195:UPGMA
2127:Grade
2123:Clade
1435:Death
1430:Aging
1409:brain
1195:Fungi
1156:Birds
1069:Fungi
867:Event
750:Index
594:S2CID
548:S2CID
477:(2).
396:S2CID
270:(PDF)
1922:Tree
1394:hair
1334:Cell
1237:dogs
1222:cats
1212:Life
1190:Fish
1143:taxa
651:PMID
586:PMID
509:PMID
448:PMID
388:PMID
249:2019
215:PMID
86:and
52:Name
2125:vs
1420:Of
1389:eye
1339:DNA
1324:Of
1141:Of
641:PMC
633:doi
578:doi
540:doi
499:PMC
491:doi
438:PMC
430:doi
426:274
380:doi
368:255
290:doi
278:293
205:PMC
195:doi
122:.
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31:A
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197::
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
