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2995:. Fishermen sometimes snag a coelacanth instead of an oilfish because they traditionally fish at night, when oilfish (and coelacanths) feed. Before scientists became interested in coelacanths, they were thrown back into the water if caught. Now that they are recognized as important, fishermen trade them to scientists or other officials. Before the 1980s, this was a problem for coelacanth populations. In the 1980s, international aid gave fiberglass boats to the local fishermen, which moved fishing beyond the coelacanth territories into more productive waters. Since then, most of the motors on the boats failed, forcing the fishermen back into coelacanth territory and putting the species at risk again.
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903:. The parallel development of a fatty organ for buoyancy control suggests a unique specialization for deep-water habitats. There are small and hard but flexible plates around the vestigial lung in adult specimens, though not around the fatty organ. The plates most likely had a regulation function for the volume of the lung. Due to the size of the fatty organ, researchers assume that it is responsible for the kidney's unusual relocation. The two kidneys, which are fused into one, are located ventrally within the abdominal cavity, posterior to the cloaca.
32:
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768:(LIPI). Erdmann and his wife Arnaz Mehta first encountered a specimen at a local market in September 1997, but took only a few photographs of the first specimen of this species before it was sold. After confirming that it was a unique discovery, Erdmann returned to Sulawesi in November 1997 to interview fishermen and look for further examples. A second specimen was caught by a fisherman in July 1998 and was then handed to Erdmann.
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868:, also called a trilobate fin or a diphycercal tail. A secondary tail extending past the primary tail separates the upper and lower halves of the coelacanth. Ctenoid elasmoid scales act as thick armor to protect the coelacanth's exterior. Several internal traits also aid in differentiating coelacanths from other lobe-finned fish. At the back of the skull, the coelacanth possesses a hinge, the
2498:
3053:. Their scales themselves secrete mucus, which combined with the excessive oil their bodies produce, make coelacanths a slimy food. Where the coelacanth is more common, local fishermen avoid it because of its potential to sicken consumers. As a result, the coelacanth has no real commercial value apart from being coveted by museums and private collectors.
2932:
pregnant with five embryos. Young coelacanths resemble the adult, the main differences being an external yolk sac, larger eyes relative to body size and a more pronounced downward slope of the body. The juvenile coelacanth's broad yolk sac hangs below the pelvic fins. The scales and fins of the juvenile are completely matured; however, it does lack
2947:, female mating with multiple males, is common in both plants and animals and can be advantageous (e.g. insurance against mating with an infertile or incompatible mate), but also confers costs (increased risk of infection, danger of falling prey to predators, increased energy input when searching for new males).
971:
between extant and fossil members of the taxa), the non-coding regions subject to higher transposable element activity show marked divergence even between the two extant coelacanth species. This has been facilitated in part by a coelacanth-specific endogenous retrovirus of the
Epsilon retrovirus family.
3007:
government committed to spending R10 million on the program. In 2011, a plan was made for a Tanga
Coelacanth Marine Park to conserve biodiversity for marine animals including the coelacanth. The park was designed to reduce habitat destruction and improve prey availability for endangered species.
2854:
testing of 14 coelacanth enzymes shows little genetic diversity between coelacanth populations. Among the fish that have been caught were about equal numbers of males and females. Population estimates range from 210 individuals per population to 500 per population. Because coelacanths have individual
2837:
Coelacanth locomotion is unique. To move around they most commonly take advantage of up- or down-wellings of current and drift. Their paired fins stabilize movement through the water. While on the ocean floor, they do not use the paired fins for any kind of movement. Coelacanths generate thrust with
2813:
During the daytime, coelacanths rest in caves anywhere from 100 to 500 meters (330 to 1,640 ft) deep. Others migrate to deeper waters. The cooler waters (below 120 meters or 390 feet) reduce the coelacanths' metabolic costs. Drifting toward reefs and night feeding saves vital energy. Resting in
2758:
coelacanths stretches along the eastern coast of Africa from the
Comoros Islands, past the western coast of Madagascar to the South African coastline. Mitochondrial DNA sequencing of coelacanths caught off the coast of southern Tanzania suggests a divergence of the two populations some 200,000 years
2753:
caught elsewhere, amino acid sequencing has shown no big difference between these exceptions and those found around Comore and
Anjouan. Even though these few may be considered strays, there are several reports of coelacanths being caught off the coast of Madagascar. This leads scientists to believe
2931:
Coelacanth eggs are large, with only a thin layer of membrane to protect them. Embryos hatch within the female and eventually are born alive, which is a rarity in fish. This was only discovered when the
American Museum of Natural History dissected its first coelacanth specimen in 1975 and found it
2849:
Coelacanths are fairly peaceful when encountering others of their kind. They do avoid body contact, however, withdrawing immediately if contact occurs. When approached by foreign potential predators (e.g. a submersible), they show panic flight reactions, suggesting that coelacanths are most likely
836:
scales that act as armor. Coelacanths have eight fins – two dorsal fins, two pectoral fins, two pelvic fins, one anal fin and one caudal fin. The tail is very nearly equally proportioned and is split by a terminal tuft of fin rays that make up its caudal lobe. The eyes of the coelacanth are very
2998:
Methods to minimize the number of coelacanths caught include moving fishers away from the shore, using different laxatives and malarial salves to reduce the demand for oilfish, using coelacanth models to simulate live specimens, and increasing awareness of the need for conservation. In 1987 the
814:
are the only two known living coelacanth species. Coelacanths are large, plump, lobe-finned fish that can grow to more than 2 m (6.6 ft) and weigh around 90 kg (200 lb). They are estimated to live up to 100 years, based on analysis of annual growth marks on scales, and reach
970:
on these organisms to undergo morphological divergence, they are undergoing measurable genetic divergence. Despite prior studies showing that protein coding regions are undergoing evolution at a substitution rate much lower than other sarcopterygians (consistent with phenotypic stasis observed
3006:
In 2002, the South
African Coelacanth Conservation and Genome Resource Programme was launched to help further the studies and conservation of the coelacanth. This program focuses on biodiversity conservation, evolutionary biology, capacity building, and public understanding. The South African
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Because of the surprising nature of the coelacanth's discovery, they have been a frequent source of inspiration in modern artwork, craftsmanship, and literature. At least 22 countries have depicted them on their postage stamps, particularly the
Comoros, which has issued 12 different sets of
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A "deep release kit" was developed in 2014 and distributed by private initiative, consisting of a weighted hook assembly that allows a fisherman to return an accidentally caught coelacanth to deep waters where the hook can be detached once it hits the seafloor. Conclusive reports about the
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relative to fossil species; however, recent studies have expressed the view that coelacanth morphologic conservatism is a belief not based on data. Fossils suggest that coelacanths were most morphologically diverse during the
Devonian and Carboniferous, while Mesozoic species are generally
2783:. Key components confining coelacanths to these areas are food and temperature restrictions, as well as ecological requirements such as caves and crevices that are well-suited for drift feeding. Teams of researchers using submersibles have recorded live sightings of the fish in the
2999:
Coelacanth
Conservation Council advocated the conservation of coelacanths. The CCC has branches located in Comoros, South Africa, Canada, the United Kingdom, the U.S., Japan, and Germany. The agencies were established to help protect and encourage population growth of coelacanths.
849:
region of the braincase, has three unguarded openings into the environment and is used as a part of the coelacanth's laterosensory system. The coelacanth's auditory reception is mediated by its inner ear, which is very similar to that of tetrapods and is classified as being a
2805:
provide ideal underwater cave habitats for coelacanths. The islands' underwater volcanic slopes, steeply eroded and covered in sand, house a system of caves and crevices which allow coelacanths resting places during the daylight hours. These islands support a large
3799:
Pouyaud, Laurent; Wirjoatmodjo, Soetikno; Rachmatika, Ike; Tjakrawidjaja, Agus; Hadiaty, Renny; Hadie, Wartono (1999). "Une nouvelle espèce de cœlacanthe. Preuves génétiques et morphologiques" [A new species of coelacanth. Genetic and morphologic proof].
2879:. They are "passive drift feeders", slowly drifting along currents with only minimal self-propulsion, eating whatever prey they encounter. Coelacanths also use their rostral organ for its electroreception to be able to detect nearby prey in low light settings.
2838:
their caudal fins for quick starts. Due to the abundance of its fins, the coelacanth has high maneuverability and can orient its body in almost any direction in the water. They have been seen doing headstands as well as swimming belly up. It is thought that the
815:
maturity around the age of 55; the oldest known specimen was 84 years old at the time of its capture in 1960. Even though their estimated lifetime is similar to humans, gestation can last 5 years, which is 1.5 years more than the deep-sea
2759:
ago. This could refute the theory that the
Comoros population is the main population while others represent recent offshoots. A live specimen was seen and recorded on video in November 2019 at 69 m (226 ft) off the village of
2955:
Because little is known about the coelacanth, the conservation status is difficult to characterize. According to Fricke et al. (1995), it is important to conserve the species. From 1988 to 1994, Fricke counted some 60 individuals of
2763:
on the South Coast of KwaZulu-Natal, 325 km (202 mi) south of the iSimangaliso Wetland Park. This is the farthest south since the original discovery, and the second shallowest record after 54 m (177 ft) in the
2916:, meaning that the female retains the fertilized eggs within her body while the embryos develop during a gestation period of five years. Typically, females are larger than the males; their scales and the skin folds around the
4731:"A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of coelacanth fishes (Sarcopterygii, Actinistia) with comments on the composition of the Mawsoniidae and Latimeriidae: evaluating old and new methodological challenges and constraints"
2618:
from early Campanian to early Maastrichtian freshwater continental deposits of France, as well as an indeterminate marine mawsoniid from Morocco, dating to the late Maastrichtian A small bone fragment from the
864:, or the lobe-finned fishes. They share membership in this clade with lungfish and tetrapods. Externally, several characteristics distinguish coelacanths from other lobe-finned fish. They possess a three-lobed
2578:
Paleozoic coelacanths are generally small (~30–40 cm or 12–16 in in length), while Mesozoic forms were larger. Several specimens belonging to the Jurassic and Cretaceous mawsoniid coelacanth genera
413:
6119:
3522:
Wendruff, Andrew J.; Wilson, Mark V. H. (2012). "A fork-tailed coelacanth, Rebellatrix divaricerca, gen. Et sp. Nov. (Actinistia, Rebellatricidae, fam. Nov.), from the Lower Triassic of Western Canada".
965:
Another important discovery made from the genome sequencing is that the coelacanths are still evolving today. While phenotypic similarity between extant and extinct coelacanths suggests there is limited
837:
large, while the mouth is very small. The eye is acclimatized to seeing in poor light by rods that absorb mostly short wavelengths. Coelacanth vision has evolved to a mainly blue-shifted color capacity.
5260:
880:
early in embryonic development in most other vertebrates. The coelacanth's heart is shaped differently from that of most modern fish, with its chambers arranged in a straight tube. The coelacanth's
2768:. These sightings suggest that they may live shallower than previously thought, at least at the southern end of their range, where colder, better-oxygenated water is available at shallower depths.
2659:
5410:
Nikaido, Masato; Sasaki, Takeshi; Emerson, J. J.; Aibara, Mitsuto; Mzighani, Semvua I.; Budeba, Yohana L.; Ngatunga, Benjamin P.; Iwata, Masamitsu; Abe, Yoshitaka (1 November 2011).
841:
folds surround the mouth and replace the maxilla, a structure absent in coelacanths. Two nostrils, along with four other external openings, appear between the premaxilla and lateral
4647:
4537:
Amemiya, Chris T.; Alföldi, Jessica; Lee, Alison P.; Fan, Shaohua; Philippe, Hervé; MacCallum, Iain; Braasch, Ingo; Manousaki, Tereza; Schneider, Igor; et al. (18 April 2013).
5118:"The Giant Cretaceous Coelacanth (Actinistia, Sarcopterygii) Megalocoelacanthus dobiei Schwimmer, Stewart & Williams, 1994, and Its Bearing on Latimerioidei Interrelationships"
3025:
6545:
Amemiya, Chris T.; Alföldi, Jessica; Lee, Alison P.; Fan, Shaohua; Philippe, Hervé; MacCallum, Iain; Braasch, Ingo; Manousaki, Tereza; Schneider, Igor; et al. (2013).
5781:
Lampert, Kathrin P.; Blassmann, Katrin; Hissmann, Karen; Schauer, Jürgen; Shunula, Peter; Kharousy, Zahor el; Ngatunga, Benjamin P.; Fricke, Hans; Schartl, Manfred (2013).
2939:
A study that assessed the paternity of the embryos inside two coelacanth females indicated that each clutch was sired by a single male. This could mean that females mate
3416:
Friedman, Matt; Coates, Michael I.; Anderson, Philip (2007). "First discovery of a primitive coelacanth fin fills a major gap in the evolution of lobed fins and limbs".
2749:
specimens that have been caught have been captured around the islands of Grande Comore and Anjouan in the Comoros Archipelago (Indian Ocean). Though there are cases of
2591:
likely reached or exceeded 5 metres (16 feet) in length, making them amongst the largest known fishes of the Mesozoic, and amongst the largest bony fishes of all time.
5610:
6521:
6123:
2725:
2551:. Over 100 fossil species of coelacanth have been described. The oldest identified coelacanth fossils are around 420–410 million years old, dating to the early
2626:
has been considered the only plausible post-Cretaceous record, but this identification is based on comparative bone histology methods of doubtful reliability.
695:, sending him drawings of the fish, and he confirmed the fish's importance with a famous cable: "Most Important Preserve Skeleton and Gills = Fish Described."
2745:
was discovered off Indonesia. Coelacanths have been found in the waters of Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique, South Africa, Madagascar, Comoros and Indonesia. Most
7521:
7392:
3714:
Fraser, Michael D.; Henderson, Bruce A.S.; Carstens, Pieter B.; Fraser, Alan D.; Henderson, Benjamin S.; Dukes, Marc D.; Bruton, Michael N. (26 March 2020).
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954:. But after sequencing the full genome of the coelacanth, it was discovered that the lungfish instead is more closely related to tetrapods. Coelacanths and
7412:
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1808:
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6021:
4157:
Fricke, Hans; Reinicke, Olaf; Hofer, Heribert; Nachtigall, Werner (1987). "Locomotion of the coelacanth Latimeria chalumnae in its natural environment".
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bones. The nasal sacs resemble those of many other fish and do not contain an internal nostril. The coelacanth's rostral organ, contained within the
761:
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on each dive. In 1995 that number dropped to 40. Even though this could be a result of natural population fluctuation, it also could be a result of
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Coelacanths are considered a poor source of food for humans and likely most other fish-eating animals. Coelacanth flesh has large amounts of oil,
9920:
7442:
4909:
Cavin, L.; Buffetaut, E.; Dutour, Y.; Garcia, G.; Le Loeuff, J.; Méchin, A.; Méchin, P.; Tong, H.; Tortosa, T.; Turini, E.; Valentin, X. (2020).
892:
is closed and never opens during development. Also unique to extant coelacanths is the presence of a "fatty lung" or a fat-filled single-lobed
7307:
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million years ago. However, several more recent studies have shown that coelacanth body shapes are much more diverse than previously thought.
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prey to large deepwater predators. Shark bite marks have been seen on coelacanths; sharks are common in areas inhabited by coelacanths.
5062:
Schwimmer, D.R.; Stewart, J.D.; Williams, G.D. (1994). "Giant fossil coelacanths of the Late Cretaceous in the eastern United States".
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otherwise known only from fossils, with no close relations alive, and that it evolved into roughly its current form approximately 400
5224:
Cavin, L.; Valentin, X.; Garcia, G. (2016). "A new mawsoniid coelacanth (Actinistia) from the Upper Cretaceous of Southern France".
9894:
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842:
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Lavett Smith, C.; Rand, Charles S.; Schaeffer, Bobb; Atz, James W. (1975). "Latimeria, the Living Coelacanth, is Ovoviviparous".
2685:
884:
is 98.5% filled with fat; only 1.5% of the braincase contains brain tissue. The cheeks of the coelacanth are unique because the
4911:"The last known freshwater coelacanths: New Late Cretaceous mawsoniids remains (Osteichthyes: Actinistia) from Southern France"
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Due to their lobed fins and other features, it was once hypothesized that the coelacanth might be the youngest diverging non-
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2559:(252–247 million years ago), coinciding with a burst of diversification between the Late Permian and Middle Triassic. Most
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discovered the fish among the catch of a local fisherman. Courtenay-Latimer contacted a Rhodes University ichthyologist,
2987:
The major threat towards the coelacanth is the accidental capture by fishing operations, especially commercial deep-sea
2662:
2555:. Coelacanths were never a diverse group in comparison to other groups of fish, and reached a peak diversity during the
6529:
2701:
2680:
2671:
2653:
2645:
4996:"Giant Mesozoic coelacanths (Osteichthyes, Actinistia) reveal high body size disparity decoupled from taxic diversity"
3688:
Venter, P.; Timm, P.; Gunn, G.; le Roux, E.; Serfontein, C. (2000). "Discovery of a viable population of coelacanths (
702:, an evolutionary line that seems to have disappeared from the fossil record only to reappear much later. Since 1938,
8248:
6301:
4663:"Interspecies Insertion Polymorphism Analysis Reveals Recent Activity of Transposable Elements in Extant Coelacanths"
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3049:, and other compounds that give the flesh a distinctly unpleasant flavor, make it difficult to digest, and can cause
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of lungfish and tetrapods) had already diverged from each other before the lungfish made the transition to land.
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5083:
2707:
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6072:"Proposed Rule To List the Tanzanian DPS of African Coelacanth as Threatened Under the Endangered Species Act"
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Its discovery 66 million years after its supposed extinction makes the coelacanth the best-known example of a
677:, coelacanths were considered transitional species between fish and tetrapods. On 23 December 1938, the first
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4968:
Cavin, Lionel; Cupello, Camila; Yabumoto, Yoshitaka; Léo, Fragoso; Deersi, Uthumporn; Brito, Paul M. (2019).
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Commerce, Protected Resources Webmaster, Office of Protected Resources, NOAA Fisheries, U.S. Department of.
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The earliest fossils of coelacanths were discovered in the 19th century. Coelacanths, which are related to
492:
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bone is very small and holds a large soft-tissue opercular flap. A spiracular chamber is present, but the
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specimen was discovered in December 1952. Between 1938 and 1975, 84 specimens were caught and recorded.
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6173:"Know any good recipes for endangered prehistoric fish? Plus: Do caribou like the Alaska oil pipeline?"
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3464:"A newly recognized fossil coelacanth highlights the early morphological diversification of the clade"
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Fricke, Hans; Schauer, Jürgen; Hissmann, Karen; Kasang, Lutz; Plante, Raphael (1991). "Coelacanth
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Hissmann, Karen; Fricke, Hans; Schauer, Jürgen (2008). "Population Monitoring of the Coelacanth (
5469:
Holder, Mark T.; Erdmann, Mark V.; Wilcox, Thomas P.; Caldwell, Roy L.; Hillis, David M. (1999).
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coelacanths belong to the order Latimerioidei, which contains two major subdivisions, the marine
321:
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2629:
Living coelacanths have been considered "living fossils" based on their supposedly conservative
2515:
Estimated size of the largest known individual of the Jurassic-Cretaceous freshwater coelacanth
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4851:"Styloichthys as the oldest coelacanth: implications for early osteichthyan interrelationships"
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joint, which allows it to open its mouth extremely wide. Coelacanths also retain an oil-filled
9157:
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7804:
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with limbs. Descendants also included pelagic lobe-finned fish such as the coelacanth species.
10028:
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8203:
6259:
Mendes, Augusto B.; Guimarães, Felipe V.; Eirado-Silva, Clara B. P.; Silva, Edson P. (2017).
4435:
Brito, Paulo M.; Meunier, François J.; Clément, Gael; Geffard-Kuriyama links, Didier (2010).
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2612:-aged marine strata of the Eastern and Central United States, the most recent mawsoniids are
967:
810:
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4786:"A new stem sarcopterygian illuminates patterns of character evolution in early bony fishes"
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caves during the day also saves energy that otherwise would be expended to fight currents.
2630:
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3092:, the coelacanth is a rare fish that can be caught by the player by fishing in the ocean.
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differ. The male coelacanth has no distinct copulatory organs, just a cloaca, which has a
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aggregates in caves: First observations on their resting habitat and social behavior".
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Dutel, H.; Maisey, J.P.; Schwimmer, D.R.; Janvier, P.; Herbin, M.; Clément, G. (2012).
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4648:"DNA Sequencing Reveals that Coelacanths Weren't the Missing Link Between Sea and Land"
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3643:"Molecular evidence on the origin of tetrapods and the relationships of the coelacanth"
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6022:"Endangered Species Act Status Review Report for the Coelacanth (Latimeria chalumnae)"
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4632:
4036:"Coelacanths may live nearly a century, five times longer than researchers expected"
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3347:
2741:
The current coelacanth range is primarily along the eastern African coast, although
19:
This article is about the order of fish. For the living species of coelacanths, see
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Cavin, Lionel; Piuz, André; Ferrante, Christophe; Guinot, Guillaume (3 June 2021).
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Sherman, Vincent R. (2016). "A comparative study of piscine defense: The scales of
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showing the relationships of coelacanth genera after Torino, Soto and Perea, 2021.
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918:
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375:
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Agassiz, L. 1839. Recherches sur les poissons fossiles II. Petitpierre, Neuchâtel.
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Bulletin of the Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History and Human History, Series A
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
4247:
Yokoyama, Shozo; Zhang, Huan; Radlwimmer, F. Bernhard; Blow, Nathan S. (1999).
3223:
Yokoyama, Shozo; Zhang, Huan; Radlwimmer, F. Bernhard; Blow, Nathan S. (1999).
3063:
2984:, with a significantly larger population size (fewer than 10,000 individuals).
2614:
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1921:
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467:
205:
89:
6245:
5611:"An updated inventory of all known specimens of the coelacanth, Latimeria spp"
5543:
Fricke, H.; Plante, R. (1988). "Habitat requirements of the living coelacanth
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6789:
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5887:
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5495:
5412:"Genetically distinct coelacanth population off the northern Tanzanian coast"
5327:
5027:
4817:
4762:
4131:
4104:
3748:"Prehistoric fish offers rare glimpse of hidden sea life – Coelacanth (1953)"
3184:
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582:
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327:
269:
131:
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4277:
3716:"Live coelacanth discovered off the KwaZulu-Natal South Coast, South Africa"
3249:
2928:. It is hypothesized that the cloaca everts to serve as a copulatory organ.
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Brito, P.M.; Martill, D.M.; Eaves, I.; Smith, R.E.; Cooper, S.L.A. (2021).
5210:
5192:
5161:
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5045:
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4835:
4706:
4580:
4437:"The histological structure of the calcified lung of the fossil coelacanth
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4233:
4112:
3917:
3829:
3674:
3505:
3479:
3437:
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3149:
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color markings, scientists think that they recognize other coelacanths via
2564:
2531:
2005:
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1021:
991:
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521:
478:
346:
310:
5306:Ørvig, Tor (1 June 1986). "A vertebrate bone from the Swedish Paleocene".
4596:"Lungfish neural characters and their bearing on sarcopterygian phylogeny"
4006:"Coelacanths, Coelacanth Pictures, Coelacanth Facts – National Geographic"
3798:
3225:"Coelacanths, Coelacanth Pictures, Coelacanth Facts – National Geographic"
3114:
Johanson, Z.; Long, J. A; Talent, J. A; Janvier, P.; Warren, J. W (2006).
638:
9907:
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7934:
7751:
7599:
7576:
7477:
7277:
7263:
7197:
7052:
7022:
6958:
6547:"The African coelacanth genome provides insights into tetrapod evolution"
6503:
4623:
4539:"The African coelacanth genome provides insights into tetrapod evolution"
4434:
3948:
2961:
2784:
2780:
2568:
2131:
1737:
1445:
1373:
1331:
1314:
955:
823:
760:, Indonesia, in 1999 by Pouyaud et al. based on a specimen discovered by
354:
211:
106:
6570:
5968:
Fricke, Hans; Hissmann, Karen; Schauer, Jürgen; Plante, Raphael (1995).
4562:
3487:
787:
9669:
9413:
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8053:
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7674:
7634:
7562:
7528:
7505:
7314:
7123:
7032:
6988:
6930:
6880:
6858:
6832:
6783:
6753:
6658:
6329:"Animal Crossing's most elusive fish has a bizarre real-life backstory"
6190:
5809:
5719:
5672:
5568:
5261:"A marine Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) coelacanth from North Africa"
4078:
4040:
2940:
2876:
2181:
2019:
1856:
1509:
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1103:
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987:
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723:
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609:
151:
116:
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3071:
2991:. Coelacanths usually are caught when local fishermen are fishing for
906:
536:
million years. Coelacanths were thought to have become extinct in the
9912:
9881:
9623:
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9335:
9249:
8624:
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8594:
8424:
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7620:
7585:
7470:
7382:
7298:
7256:
7146:
7072:
6951:
6397:
Fricke, Hans (June 1988). "Coelacanths – The Fish That Time Forgot".
6197:
Extraordinary Animals: An Encyclopedia of Curious and Unusual Animals
6120:"South African Coelacanth Conservation and Genome Resource Programme"
5994:
5969:
5504:
5174:
4397:
Gaining Ground, Second Edition: The Origin and Evolution of Tetrapods
4346:
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Gottfried, Michael D.; Rogers, Raymond R.; Rogers, K. Curry (2004).
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7270:
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6652:
3592:"Smithsonian Institution – The Coelacanth: More Living than Fossil"
3050:
2988:
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2776:
2560:
2552:
2548:
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2043:
1428:
1016:
984:
948:
715:
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658:
555:" because scientists thought it was the sole remaining member of a
474:
443:
256:
146:
141:
126:
121:
111:
5743:
The ecology and conservation of the coelacanth Latimeria chalumnae
4784:
Lu, Jing; Giles, Sam; Friedman, Matt; Zhu, Min (5 December 2017).
4661:
Naville, Magali; Chalopin, Domitille; Volff, Jean-Nicolas (2014).
3939:
Gee, Henry (1 October 1998). "Coelacanth discovery in Indonesia".
3869:
3844:
9674:
9214:
9204:
9186:
8800:
8795:
8773:
8746:
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7116:
7042:
6944:
6096:(Press release). Science in Africa. February 2002. Archived from
2992:
2901:
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2148:
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Well-represented in both freshwater and marine fossils since the
455:
182:
161:
136:
6258:
5103:
Recent Advances in the Origin and Early Radiation of Vertebrates
9037:
8719:
7641:
7435:
7321:
6771:
6646:
5780:
5608:
4729:
Toriño, Pablo; Soto, Matías; Perea, Daniel (25 February 2021).
4249:"Adaptive Evolution of Color Vision of the Comoran Coelacanth (
3062:
coelacanth stamps. The coelacanth is also depicted on the 1000
2917:
2620:
2539:
According to the fossil record, the divergence of coelacanths,
1640:
1526:
753:
683:
specimen was found off the east coast of South Africa, off the
544:
million years ago, but were discovered living off the coast of
463:
246:
93:
2817:
2810:
fish population that helps to sustain coelacanth populations.
2642:
384:
52:
You can help by providing page numbers for existing citations.
9873:
9493:
8822:
8751:
8161:
7691:
6722:
6230:. Cape Town: Struik Travel & Heritage. pp. 322–327.
5099:"First record of Late Cretaceous coelacanths from Madagascar"
4970:"Phylogeny and evolutionary history of mawsoniid coelacanths"
4156:
3713:
2976:", with a total population size of 500 or fewer individuals.
2503:
2091:
910:
West Indian Ocean coelacanth caught on 21 January 1965, near
858:
711:
597:
585:
556:
5745:. Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 313–339.
3843:
Erdmann, Mark V.; Caldwell, Roy L.; Moosa, M. Kasim (1998).
3317:
2567:, which contains modern coelacanths, as well as the extinct
979:
402:
9007:
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8311:
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7855:
6631:
6509:
5967:
5646:
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5223:
5084:
10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0503:GFCOTL>2.3.CO;2
4377:"What do we know about the coelacanths – Science in Africa"
4246:
4065:"New scale analyses reveal centenarian African coelacanths"
3222:
3042:
2965:
2788:
2497:
896:
532:
The oldest known coelacanth fossils date back more than 410
459:
390:
5409:
4214:
Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials
4063:
Mahé, Kélig; Ernande, Bruno; Herbin, Marc (17 June 2021).
8763:
8331:
6146:"The Creature Feature: 10 Fun Facts About the Coelacanth"
5609:
Rik Nulens; Lucy Scott; Marc Herbin (22 September 2011).
3774:"70-million-year-old fish dissected – Coaelacanth (1975)"
3116:"Oldest coelacanth, from the Early Devonian of Australia"
3113:
3031:
Coelacanth at Abdallah Al Salem Cultural Center in Kuwait
1015:
with limb-like fins that could take it up onto land; and
612:
rays of the first fossil specimen described and named by
396:
5925:"Dinosaur fish pushed to the brink by deep-sea trawlers"
5175:
Cavin, L.; Forey, P.L.; Tong, H.; Buffetaut, E. (2005).
5057:
5055:
2775:, is believed to be off the coast of Manado Tua Island,
7824:
6094:"South Africa announces plans for Coelacanth Programme"
5177:"Latest European coelacanth shows Gondwanan affinities"
4993:
4967:
4321:
Fritzsch, B. (1987). "Inner ear of the coelacanth fish
3468:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
442:. As sarcopterygians, they are more closely related to
6358:"Animal Crossing: How to Catch the Game's Rarest Fish"
3415:
673:
period. More closely related to tetrapods than to the
6302:"20 Pokémon characters inspired by real wild animals"
5693:
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7008:
6916:
6900:
6878:
6544:
6477:
A Fish Caught in Time: The Search for the Coelacanth
5346:
Butler, Carolyn (March 2011). "Living Fossil Fish".
4904:
4902:
4660:
4536:
3842:
3709:
3707:
2771:
The geographical range of the Indonesia coelacanth,
876:, a hollow, pressurized tube which is replaced by a
387:
351:
317:
378:
6194:
4783:
4639:
6598:BBC News Science & Environment; 17 April 2013
6122:. African Conservation Foundation. Archived from
5592:"Hunting for living fossils in Indonesian waters"
5589:
5252:
5217:
5168:
5109:
4899:
4062:
3704:
2600:, whose disarticulated remains are found in late
2507:(Latimeriidae) from the Upper Jurassic of Germany
10015:
6426:"Fish's DNA May Explain How Fins Turned to Feet"
3984:. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley. p. 461.
3617:"Coelacanth – Deep Sea Creatures on Sea and Sky"
3003:effectiveness of this method are still pending.
6403:. Vol. 173, no. 6. pp. 824–838.
5416:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
5308:Geologiska Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar
4728:
3967:University of California Museum of Paleontology
3457:
3455:
3229:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
5360:
3521:
3517:
3515:
3461:
3411:
3409:
8981:
7840:
6738:
6617:
6524:[The Coelacanth: A fossil turns up].
6448:"A compendium of fossil marine animal genera"
2575:, freshwater as well as marine environments.
6804:
6486:When I Was a Fish: Tales of an Ichthyologist
6056:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
5902:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T135484A4129545.en
5830:
5542:
4422:"The Coelacanth – a Morphological Mixed Bag"
4193:
3692:Smith, 1939) at Sodwana Bay, South Africa".
3452:
938:of the coelacanth in the scientific journal
6596:'Living fossil' coelacanth genome sequenced
6522:"Der Quastenflosser: Ein Fossil taucht auf"
5876:
5856:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2000.RLTS.T11375A3274618.en
3512:
3462:Friedman, Matt; Coates, Michael I. (2006).
3406:
2846:, which aids in movement around obstacles.
2826:Oxford University Museum of Natural History
2728:
576:
8988:
8974:
7847:
7833:
6745:
6731:
6624:
6610:
6439:Living Fossil: the Story of the Coelacanth
5363:"Why coelacanths are not 'living fossils'"
5361:Casane, Didier; Laurenti, Patrick (2013).
194:
172:
8392:Tradeoffs for locomotion in air and water
6578:
6390:Old Fourlegs: the Story of the Coelacanth
6261:"The ichthyological diversity of Pokémon"
5993:
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5854:
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4513:. Springer Science & Business Media.
4464:
4294:
4276:
4094:
3868:
3845:"Indonesian 'king of the sea' discovered"
3802:Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences
3731:
3495:
3300:Old Fourlegs: the Story of the Coelacanth
3258:
3248:
3139:
2529:Life restoration of the basal coelacanth
649:the first described coelacanth, named by
68:Learn how and when to remove this message
6474:
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4127:"Coelacanths live for as long as people"
3056:
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2816:
2732:
2524:
2510:
2496:
978:
934:In 2013, a research group published the
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10074:Extant Early Devonian first appearances
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3792:
3567:"The Coelancanth | Actforlibraries.org"
3383:
3381:
3379:
3377:
3293:
3291:
3289:
3287:
2737:Geographical distribution of coelacanth
2634:morphologically similar to each other.
2547:is thought to have occurred during the
2535:from the Carboniferous of North America
477:, they are now represented by only two
10016:
6519:
6483:
6396:
5783:"Single-male paternity in coelacanths"
5740:
5354:
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4527:
4424:. ReefQuest Centre for Shark Research.
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3107:
3105:
1003:—exhibited a sequence of adaptations:
551:The coelacanth was long considered a "
503:off the east coast of Africa, and the
9781:
9780:
8995:
8969:
7828:
6764:
6726:
6605:
6387:
6355:
6225:
6189:
6170:
6112:
6086:
5961:
5687:
5631:
5529:
5334:
5305:
4724:
4722:
4720:
4718:
4716:
4645:
4506:
4479:
4428:
4393:
3640:
3387:
3297:
3199:"Order Summary for Coelacanthiformes"
2637:
2594:The most recent fossil latimeriid is
1025:which had feet with eight digits and
630:, who discovered the first specimen.
575:is an adaptation of the Modern Latin
210:from the Early Cretaceous of Brazil (
6423:
6019:
6010:
5471:"Two Living Species of Coelacanths?"
5462:
4414:
4311:
4240:
4147:
3973:
3284:
3066:banknote, as well as the 5 CF coin.
3036:
2936:, which it gains during maturation.
2896:Muséum national d'histoire naturelle
608:, 'spine'), referring to the hollow
25:
8948:
8219:Electroreception and electrogenesis
5888:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
5842:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
5590:Augy Syaihailatua (30 March 2015).
4858:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
4394:Clack, Jennifer A. (27 June 2012).
3938:
3892:Holden, Constance (30 March 1999).
3354:
3306:
3163:Nelson, Joseph S. (16 March 2016).
3102:
13:
6452:Bulletins of American Paleontology
6381:
4713:
3525:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
2894:embryo with its yolk sac from the
14:
10090:
6493:
6171:Adams, Cecil (30 December 2011).
5970:"Yet more danger for coelacanths"
5923:Gilmore, Inigo (7 January 2006).
5757:"The Coelacanth: Five Fast Facts"
5547:at grande comore, Indian Ocean".
4849:Friedman, Matt (10 August 2007).
4507:Forey, Peter (30 November 1997).
3647:Trends in Ecology & Evolution
925:of a West Indian Ocean coelacanth
9172:
9166:
9161:
9156:
9150:
9144:
9138:
9131:
8947:
8936:
8935:
8918:
8917:
7943:
7809:
7803:
7798:
7793:
7787:
6424:Wade, Nicholas (18 April 2013).
5712:10.1111/j.1523-1739.1998.97060.x
4510:History of the Coelacanth Fishes
4480:Smith, H. W. (24 October 2018).
4466:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.01015.x
3720:South African Journal of Science
3694:South African Journal of Science
3430:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2007.00169.x
3390:History of the Coelacanth Fishes
3024:
3012:
2828:, showing the coloration in life
2492:
766:Indonesian Institute of Sciences
687:(now Tyolomnqa). Museum curator
616:in 1839, belonging to the genus
374:
223:
104:
30:
7903:Environmental impact of fishing
6526:National Geographic Deutschland
6520:Butler, Carolyn (August 2012).
6349:
6321:
6300:Williams, Leoma (24 May 2023).
6293:
6252:
6219:
6183:
6164:
6138:
6064:
5935:
5916:
5774:
5749:
5734:
5653:Environmental Biology of Fishes
5602:
5583:
5403:
5299:
4987:
4961:
4842:
4777:
4654:
4587:
4500:
4473:
4387:
4369:
4119:
4056:
4028:
3998:
3955:
3932:
3894:"Dispute Over a Legendary Fish"
3885:
3766:
3740:
3634:
3609:
3584:
3559:
2950:
2882:
1019:in weed-filled swamps, such as
665:, were believed to have become
6752:
3754:. 23 February 1953. p. 25
3392:. London: Chapman & Hall.
3275:
3216:
3191:
3156:
899:, homologous to other fishes'
857:Coelacanths are a part of the
819:, the previous record holder.
771:
1:
6356:Nairn, Lacie (1 April 2020).
5285:10.1016/j.cretres.2021.104768
5246:10.1016/j.cretres.2016.02.002
4755:10.1080/08912963.2020.1867982
4012:. 10 May 2011. Archived from
3822:10.1016/S0764-4469(99)80061-4
3667:10.1016/s0169-5347(00)89004-7
3340:10.1126/science.190.4219.1105
3302:. Longmans Green. p. 24.
3095:
3083:is based on the coelacanth.
764:in 1998 and deposited at the
730:, and off the South Coast of
9733:List of transitional fossils
7988:intramembranous ossification
5143:10.1371/journal.pone.0049911
4936:10.1371/journal.pone.0234183
4688:10.1371/journal.pone.0114382
4594:Northcutt, R. Glenn (1986).
4400:. Indiana University Press.
3910:10.1126/science.284.5411.22b
3545:10.1080/02724634.2012.657317
2787:as well as in the waters of
1009:, suited to muddy shallows;
782:West Indian Ocean coelacanth
704:West Indian Ocean coelacanth
633:
604:
592:
566:
499:), primarily found near the
493:West Indian Ocean coelacanth
7:
10064:Marine fish of South Africa
6528:(in German). Archived from
6475:Weinberg, Samantha (1999).
6228:The Annotated Old Four legs
4226:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.10.001
3418:Evolution & Development
2943:, i.e. with one male only.
2832:
990:speciation, descendants of
974:
581:('hollow spine'), from the
16:Order of lobe-finned fishes
10:
10095:
9013:Timeline of fish evolution
8367:Fin and flipper locomotion
8337:Sequential hermaphroditism
8224:Jamming avoidance response
7941:
6437:Thomson, Keith S. (1991).
5020:10.1038/s41598-021-90962-5
4810:10.1038/s41467-017-01801-z
4441:(Actinistia: Mawsoniidae)"
4439:Axelrodichthys araripensis
4325:has tetrapod affinities".
3980:Nelson, Joseph S. (2006).
2867:Coelacanths are nocturnal
2862:
2842:helps give the coelacanth
2754:that the endemic range of
689:Marjorie Courtenay-Latimer
628:Marjorie Courtenay-Latimer
598:
586:
431:) are an ancient group of
18:
9789:
9767:
9741:
9701:Lists of prehistoric fish
9693:
9602:
9551:
9542:
9450:
9409:
9331:
9322:
9258:
9225:
9195:
9185:
9129:
9021:
9003:
8931:
8855:
8788:
8695:
8657:
8648:
8587:
8518:
8405:
8357:
8267:
8192:
7952:
7862:
7785:
7651:
7572:
7554:
7545:
7501:
7422:
7353:
7342:
7294:
7228:
7177:
7133:
7103:
7004:
7000:
6986:
6915:
6896:
6892:
6874:
6855:
6831:
6813:
6800:
6760:
6697:
6679:
6641:
6500:Anatomy of the coelacanth
5320:10.1080/11035898609452636
4878:10.1017/S1477201907002052
4523:– via Google Books.
4496:– via Google Books.
4410:– via Google Books.
4096:10.1016/j.cub.2021.05.054
3169:. John Wiley & Sons.
3086:In the video game series
2875:smaller fish and various
2615:Axelrodichthys megadromos
2597:Megalocoelacanthus dobiei
2267:
2250:
2243:
2226:
2219:
2202:
2195:
2178:
2171:
2145:
2128:
2121:
2114:
2088:
2071:
2064:
2057:
2040:
2033:
2016:
2009:
1935:
1918:
1911:
1894:
1877:
1870:
1853:
1846:
1829:
1822:
1805:
1798:
1772:
1755:
1748:
1741:
1731:
1711:
1694:
1687:
1670:
1663:
1637:
1620:
1613:
1606:
1589:
1582:
1565:
1558:
1523:
1506:
1499:
1482:
1475:
1468:
1442:
1425:
1418:
1411:
1394:
1387:
1370:
1363:
1328:
1311:
1304:
1287:
1280:
1273:
1256:
1249:
1223:
1206:
1199:
1182:
1175:
1158:
1151:
1134:
1117:
1100:
1093:
1068:
1046:
914:(Anjouan, Comoro Islands)
728:iSimangaliso Wetland Park
340:
335:
316:
309:
220:Scientific classification
218:
202:
193:
187:KwaZulu-Natal South Coast
181:Live coelacanth seen off
180:
171:
84:
7854:
6388:Smith, J. L. B. (1956).
6226:Smith, J. L. B. (2017).
5741:Bruton, Michael (1991).
5496:10.1073/pnas.96.22.12616
4483:From fish to philosopher
3780:. 28 May 1975. p. 6
3726:(3/4 March/April 2020).
3649:(Submitted manuscript).
3298:Smith, J. L. B. (1956).
2729:Distribution and habitat
2608:, and possibly earliest
9759:Vertebrate paleontology
8883:Glossary of ichthyology
8445:Diel vertical migration
6488:. Jacana Media(Pty)Ltd.
6446:Sepkoski, Jack (2002).
6268:Journal of Geek Studies
5437:10.1073/pnas.1115675108
4615:10.1002/jmor.1051900418
4278:10.1073/pnas.96.11.6279
3733:10.17159/sajs.2020/7806
3388:Forey, Peter L (1998).
3250:10.1073/pnas.96.11.6279
2924:surrounded by erectile
2571:, which were native to
829:The body is covered in
706:have been found in the
645:Coelacanthus granulatus
435:(Sarcopterygii) in the
322:Coelacanthus granulatus
39:This article cites its
8249:Surface wave detection
8214:Hydrodynamic reception
7888:Diseases and parasites
5380:10.1002/bies.201200145
5193:10.1098/rsbl.2004.0287
3480:10.1098/rspb.2005.3316
3132:10.1098/rsbl.2006.0470
2909:
2898:
2857:electric communication
2829:
2738:
2536:
2522:
2508:
1032:
929:
926:
915:
800:
784:
654:
577:
525:, which was the first
9973:Paleobiology Database
8387:Undulatory locomotion
8204:Ampullae of Lorenzini
6514:frame-capable browser
6484:Bruton, Mike (2015).
6458:: 560. Archived from
5895:: e.T135484A4129545.
5881:Latimeria menadoensis
5831:Musick, J.A. (2000).
5790:Nature Communications
4790:Nature Communications
4603:Journal of Morphology
4383:on 21 September 2013.
3752:Abilene Reporter-News
3075:media franchise, the
3057:Cultural significance
2974:critically endangered
2968:currently classifies
2904:
2890:
2820:
2773:Latimeria menadoensis
2743:Latimeria menadoensis
2736:
2528:
2514:
2500:
982:
968:evolutionary pressure
921:
909:
793:Latimeria menadoensis
790:
779:
752:, was described from
750:Indonesian coelacanth
641:
509:Latimeria menadoensis
505:Indonesian coelacanth
189:, South Africa, 2019
9754:Transitional fossils
9393:Pseudopetalichthyida
8615:Genetically modified
6363:Comic Book Resources
5877:Erdmann, M. (2008).
5849:: e.T11375A3274618.
5700:Conservation Biology
4210:Atractosteus spatula
3949:10.1038/news981001-1
3778:Redlands Daily Facts
3641:Meyer, Axel (1995).
2871:that feed mainly on
2779:, Indonesia, in the
527:scientifically named
515:originates from the
336:Families and genera
10044:Fish of the Comoros
8420:Aquatic respiration
8307:Life history theory
7522:Guizhoucoelacanthus
7393:Luopingcoelacanthus
6571:10.1038/nature12027
6563:2013Natur.496..311A
6462:on 20 February 2009
6400:National Geographic
6038:on 7 September 2015
5986:1995Natur.374..314F
5835:Latimeria chalumnae
5802:2013NatCo...4.2488L
5696:Latimeria chalumnae
5665:1991EnvBF..30..281F
5649:Latimeria chalumnae
5561:1988NW.....75..149F
5549:Naturwissenschaften
5545:Latimeria chalumnae
5487:1999PNAS...9612616H
5428:2011PNAS..10818009N
5422:(44): 18009–18013.
5348:National Geographic
5277:2021CrRes.12204768B
5265:Cretaceous Research
5238:2016CrRes..62...65C
5226:Cretaceous Research
5134:2012PLoSO...749911D
5076:1994Geo....22..503S
5012:2021NatSR..1111812C
4927:2020PLoSO..1534183C
4870:2007JSPal...5..289F
4802:2017NatCo...8.1932L
4747:2021HBio...33.3423T
4679:2014PLoSO...9k4382N
4646:Stromberg, Joseph.
4563:10.1038/nature12027
4555:2013Natur.496..311A
4457:2010Palgy..53.1281B
4339:1987Natur.327..153F
4269:1999PNAS...96.6279Y
4251:Latimeria chalumnae
4206:Latimeria chalumnae
4171:1987Natur.329..331F
4087:2021CBio...31E3621M
4010:National Geographic
3982:Fishes of the World
3861:1998Natur.395..335E
3814:1999CRASG.322..261P
3690:Latimeria chalumnae
3659:1995TEcoE..10..111M
3571:actforlibraries.org
3537:2012JVPal..32..499W
3332:1975Sci...190.1105L
3241:1999PNAS...96.6279Y
3166:Fishes of the World
2978:L. menadoensis
2906:Latimeria chalumnae
2892:Latimeria chalumnae
2822:Latimeria chalumnae
2756:Latimeria chalumnae
2747:Latimeria chalumnae
2521:compared to a human
1776:Luopingcoelacanthus
1593:Guizhoucoelacanthus
822:They are nocturnal
805:Latimeria chalumnae
797:Tokyo Sea Life Park
497:Latimeria chalumnae
10059:Fish of Mozambique
10039:Ovoviviparous fish
9442:Ischnacanthiformes
9290:Cephalaspidomorphi
8259:Weberian apparatus
7722:Megalocoelacanthus
7413:Yunnancoelacanthus
6712:Lepidosireniformes
6636:orders by subclass
6532:on 3 February 2017
6430:The New York Times
5810:10.1038/ncomms3488
5673:10.1007/BF02028843
5627:on 18 August 2018.
5569:10.1007/BF00405310
5000:Scientific Reports
4735:Historical Biology
4016:on 14 January 2010
3596:vertebrates.si.edu
2922:urogenital papilla
2910:
2899:
2830:
2739:
2638:Timeline of genera
2537:
2523:
2509:
2075:Megalocoelacanthus
1809:Yunnancoelacanthus
1033:
927:
916:
801:
785:
780:Reconstruction of
669:at the end of the
655:
10049:Fish of Indonesia
10034:Live-bearing fish
10024:Coelacanthiformes
10011:
10010:
9960:Open Tree of Life
9835:Coelacanthiformes
9821:Coelacanthiformes
9791:Coelacanthiformes
9783:Taxon identifiers
9774:
9773:
9689:
9688:
9685:
9684:
9616:Palaeonisciformes
9564:Onychodontiformes
9521:Petalodontiformes
9515:Iniopterygiformes
9478:Phoebodontiformes
9466:Ctenacanthiformes
9436:Diplacanthiformes
9318:
9317:
9091:Myllokunmingiidae
8997:Evolution of fish
8963:
8962:
8873:Fish common names
8784:
8783:
8415:Aquatic predation
8239:Capacity for pain
7968:Age determination
7822:
7821:
7818:
7817:
7783:
7782:
7779:
7778:
7775:
7774:
7771:
7770:
7345:Coelacanthiformes
7338:
7337:
7219:Polyosteorhynchus
6982:
6981:
6921:Onychodontiformes
6870:
6869:
6866:
6865:
6851:
6850:
6720:
6719:
6707:Ceratodontiformes
6689:Coelacanthiformes
6681:Coelacanthimorpha
6392:. Longmans Green.
6237:978-1-77584-501-0
6212:978-0-313-33922-6
6177:The Straight Dope
4741:(12): 3423–3443.
4520:978-0-412-78480-4
4486:. Рипол Классик.
4407:978-0-253-00537-3
3991:978-0-471-75644-6
3700:(11/12): 567–568.
3399:978-0-412-78480-4
3176:978-1-119-22081-7
3037:Human consumption
2970:L. chalumnae
2958:L. chalumnae
2751:L. chalumnae
2489:
2488:
2480:
2479:
2471:
2470:
2462:
2461:
2453:
2452:
2444:
2443:
2435:
2434:
2426:
2425:
2417:
2416:
2408:
2407:
2399:
2398:
2390:
2389:
2381:
2380:
2372:
2371:
2363:
2362:
2354:
2353:
2345:
2344:
2336:
2335:
2327:
2326:
2318:
2317:
2309:
2308:
2300:
2299:
2291:
2290:
2282:
2281:
2160:
2159:
2103:
2102:
1995:
1994:
1986:
1985:
1977:
1976:
1968:
1967:
1959:
1958:
1950:
1949:
1787:
1786:
1652:
1651:
1547:
1546:
1538:
1537:
1457:
1456:
1352:
1351:
1343:
1342:
1291:Polyosteorhynchus
1238:
1237:
734:in South Africa.
622:. The genus name
429:Coelacanthiformes
367:
366:
362:Others, see text
305:
297:Coelacanthiformes
288:
78:
77:
70:
45:does not provide
10086:
10069:Fish of Tanzania
10004:
10003:
9991:
9990:
9981:
9980:
9968:
9967:
9955:
9954:
9942:
9941:
9929:
9928:
9916:
9915:
9903:
9902:
9890:
9889:
9877:
9876:
9864:
9863:
9851:
9850:
9838:
9837:
9825:
9824:
9823:
9810:
9809:
9808:
9778:
9777:
9749:Prehistoric life
9660:Pycnodontiformes
9658:
9643:Acipenseriformes
9613:
9580:
9562:
9549:
9548:
9412:
9357:Brindabellaspida
9334:
9329:
9328:
9272:Pteraspidomorphi
9261:
9228:
9193:
9192:
9177:
9176:
9170:
9165:
9160:
9155:
9154:
9148:
9143:
9142:
9135:
9116:
9105:
9096:
9089:
9074:
9052:
9035:
8990:
8983:
8976:
8967:
8966:
8951:
8950:
8939:
8938:
8921:
8920:
8655:
8654:
7947:
7878:Ethnoichthyology
7849:
7842:
7835:
7826:
7825:
7813:
7807:
7802:
7797:
7791:
7759:
7749:
7739:
7729:
7719:
7709:
7699:
7689:
7672:
7662:
7575:
7560:
7552:
7551:
7504:
7464:Indocoelacanthus
7425:
7410:
7403:Sinocoelacanthus
7400:
7390:
7380:
7370:
7359:
7351:
7350:
7297:
7233:Rhabdodermatidae
7231:
7180:
7136:
7106:
7091:
7080:
7070:
7060:
7050:
7040:
7030:
7020:
7010:
7002:
7001:
6998:
6997:
6918:
6902:
6894:
6893:
6890:
6889:
6876:
6875:
6811:
6810:
6802:
6801:
6795:
6794:
6762:
6761:
6747:
6740:
6733:
6724:
6723:
6626:
6619:
6612:
6603:
6602:
6592:
6582:
6541:
6539:
6537:
6489:
6480:
6479:. Fourth Estate.
6471:
6469:
6467:
6442:
6433:
6420:
6393:
6375:
6374:
6372:
6370:
6353:
6347:
6346:
6344:
6342:
6325:
6319:
6318:
6316:
6314:
6297:
6291:
6290:
6288:
6286:
6265:
6256:
6250:
6249:
6223:
6217:
6216:
6200:
6187:
6181:
6180:
6168:
6162:
6161:
6159:
6157:
6142:
6136:
6135:
6133:
6131:
6116:
6110:
6109:
6107:
6105:
6090:
6084:
6083:
6081:
6079:
6068:
6062:
6061:
6055:
6047:
6045:
6043:
6037:
6031:. Archived from
6026:
6017:
6008:
6007:
5997:
5995:10.1038/374314a0
5965:
5959:
5958:
5956:
5954:
5949:. 27 August 2012
5939:
5933:
5932:
5920:
5914:
5913:
5911:
5909:
5904:
5874:
5868:
5867:
5865:
5863:
5858:
5828:
5822:
5821:
5787:
5778:
5772:
5771:
5769:
5767:
5753:
5747:
5746:
5738:
5732:
5731:
5691:
5685:
5684:
5644:
5629:
5628:
5626:
5620:. Archived from
5615:
5606:
5600:
5599:
5596:The Conversation
5587:
5581:
5580:
5540:
5527:
5526:
5516:
5498:
5481:(22): 12616–20.
5466:
5460:
5459:
5449:
5439:
5407:
5401:
5400:
5382:
5358:
5352:
5351:
5343:
5332:
5331:
5303:
5297:
5296:
5256:
5250:
5249:
5221:
5215:
5214:
5204:
5172:
5166:
5165:
5155:
5145:
5113:
5107:
5106:
5094:
5088:
5087:
5059:
5050:
5049:
5039:
4991:
4985:
4984:
4974:
4965:
4959:
4958:
4948:
4938:
4906:
4897:
4896:
4894:
4892:
4855:
4846:
4840:
4839:
4829:
4781:
4775:
4774:
4726:
4711:
4710:
4700:
4690:
4658:
4652:
4651:
4643:
4637:
4636:
4626:
4600:
4591:
4585:
4584:
4574:
4534:
4525:
4524:
4504:
4498:
4497:
4477:
4471:
4470:
4468:
4432:
4426:
4425:
4418:
4412:
4411:
4391:
4385:
4384:
4379:. Archived from
4373:
4367:
4366:
4347:10.1038/327153a0
4318:
4309:
4308:
4298:
4280:
4244:
4238:
4237:
4197:
4191:
4190:
4179:10.1038/329331a0
4154:
4145:
4144:
4142:
4140:
4123:
4117:
4116:
4098:
4081:: 3621–3628.e4.
4060:
4054:
4053:
4051:
4049:
4032:
4026:
4025:
4023:
4021:
4002:
3996:
3995:
3977:
3971:
3970:
3959:
3953:
3952:
3936:
3930:
3929:
3889:
3883:
3882:
3872:
3840:
3834:
3833:
3796:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3785:
3770:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3759:
3744:
3738:
3737:
3735:
3711:
3702:
3701:
3685:
3679:
3678:
3638:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3627:
3613:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3602:
3588:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3577:
3563:
3557:
3556:
3519:
3510:
3509:
3499:
3474:(1583): 245–50.
3459:
3450:
3449:
3413:
3404:
3403:
3385:
3352:
3351:
3326:(4219): 1105–6.
3315:
3304:
3303:
3295:
3282:
3279:
3273:
3272:
3262:
3252:
3220:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3209:
3195:
3189:
3188:
3160:
3154:
3153:
3143:
3111:
3028:
3016:
2912:Coelacanths are
2844:electroreception
2246:
2245:
2222:
2221:
2198:
2197:
2174:
2173:
2124:
2123:
2117:
2116:
2067:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2036:
2035:
2012:
2011:
1914:
1913:
1873:
1872:
1849:
1848:
1825:
1824:
1801:
1800:
1751:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1734:
1733:
1690:
1689:
1666:
1665:
1616:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1585:
1584:
1561:
1560:
1502:
1501:
1478:
1477:
1471:
1470:
1421:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1390:
1389:
1366:
1365:
1307:
1306:
1283:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1252:
1251:
1202:
1201:
1178:
1177:
1154:
1153:
1096:
1095:
1042:
1041:
995:lobe-finned fish
878:vertebral column
607:
601:
600:
596:, 'hollow') and
595:
589:
588:
580:
562:
543:
535:
450:(which includes
433:lobe-finned fish
423:
418:
417:
416:
415:
408:
405:
404:
401:
398:
395:
392:
389:
386:
383:
380:
353:
319:
300:
283:
228:
227:
198:
176:
166:
103:
88:Temporal range:
82:
81:
73:
66:
62:
59:
53:
34:
33:
26:
10094:
10093:
10089:
10088:
10087:
10085:
10084:
10083:
10079:1938 in biology
10014:
10013:
10012:
10007:
9999:
9994:
9986:
9984:
9976:
9971:
9963:
9958:
9950:
9945:
9937:
9932:
9924:
9919:
9911:
9906:
9898:
9893:
9885:
9880:
9872:
9867:
9859:
9854:
9846:
9841:
9833:
9828:
9819:
9818:
9813:
9804:
9803:
9798:
9785:
9775:
9770:
9763:
9737:
9681:
9629:Polypteriformes
9598:
9592:Tetrapodomorpha
9538:
9472:Hybodontiformes
9446:
9423:Acanthodiformes
9405:
9314:
9254:
9244:Paraconodontida
9221:
9189:
9181:
9180:
9179:
9171:
9149:
9137:
9127:
9046:Cephalochordate
9017:
8999:
8994:
8964:
8959:
8927:
8851:
8780:
8691:
8644:
8583:
8514:
8407:
8401:
8353:
8297:Ichthyoplankton
8263:
8195:
8188:
8184:Digital Library
8179:Teleost leptins
8118:Shark cartilage
8042:pharyngeal slit
8037:pharyngeal arch
7973:Anguilliformity
7958:
7956:
7948:
7939:
7858:
7853:
7823:
7814:
7767:
7647:
7568:
7541:
7497:
7418:
7362:Coelacanthopsis
7347:
7334:
7290:
7249:Coelacanthopsis
7224:
7182:Hadronectoridae
7173:
7129:
7099:
6994:
6978:
6911:
6886:
6862:
6847:
6827:
6796:
6767:
6766:
6756:
6751:
6721:
6716:
6693:
6675:
6637:
6630:
6557:(7445): 311–6.
6535:
6533:
6496:
6465:
6463:
6441:. W. W. Norton.
6384:
6382:Further reading
6379:
6378:
6368:
6366:
6354:
6350:
6340:
6338:
6334:Popular Science
6327:
6326:
6322:
6312:
6310:
6298:
6294:
6284:
6282:
6263:
6257:
6253:
6238:
6224:
6220:
6213:
6203:Greenwood Press
6188:
6184:
6169:
6165:
6155:
6153:
6144:
6143:
6139:
6129:
6127:
6126:on 2 April 2015
6118:
6117:
6113:
6103:
6101:
6100:on 2 April 2015
6092:
6091:
6087:
6077:
6075:
6070:
6069:
6065:
6049:
6048:
6041:
6039:
6035:
6024:
6018:
6011:
5980:(6520): 314–5.
5966:
5962:
5952:
5950:
5941:
5940:
5936:
5921:
5917:
5907:
5905:
5875:
5871:
5861:
5859:
5829:
5825:
5785:
5779:
5775:
5765:
5763:
5755:
5754:
5750:
5739:
5735:
5692:
5688:
5645:
5632:
5624:
5613:
5607:
5603:
5588:
5584:
5541:
5530:
5467:
5463:
5408:
5404:
5359:
5355:
5344:
5335:
5304:
5300:
5257:
5253:
5222:
5218:
5181:Biology Letters
5173:
5169:
5114:
5110:
5095:
5091:
5060:
5053:
4992:
4988:
4972:
4966:
4962:
4921:(6): e0234183.
4907:
4900:
4890:
4888:
4853:
4847:
4843:
4782:
4778:
4727:
4714:
4673:(12): e114382.
4659:
4655:
4644:
4640:
4598:
4592:
4588:
4549:(7445): 311–6.
4535:
4528:
4521:
4505:
4501:
4494:
4478:
4474:
4433:
4429:
4420:
4419:
4415:
4408:
4392:
4388:
4375:
4374:
4370:
4333:(6118): 153–4.
4319:
4312:
4263:(11): 6279–84.
4245:
4241:
4198:
4194:
4165:(6137): 331–3.
4155:
4148:
4138:
4136:
4125:
4124:
4120:
4070:Current Biology
4061:
4057:
4047:
4045:
4034:
4033:
4029:
4019:
4017:
4004:
4003:
3999:
3992:
3978:
3974:
3963:"The Discovery"
3961:
3960:
3956:
3937:
3933:
3890:
3886:
3841:
3837:
3797:
3793:
3783:
3781:
3772:
3771:
3767:
3757:
3755:
3746:
3745:
3741:
3712:
3705:
3686:
3682:
3639:
3635:
3625:
3623:
3615:
3614:
3610:
3600:
3598:
3590:
3589:
3585:
3575:
3573:
3565:
3564:
3560:
3520:
3513:
3460:
3453:
3414:
3407:
3400:
3386:
3355:
3316:
3307:
3296:
3285:
3280:
3276:
3235:(11): 6279–84.
3221:
3217:
3207:
3205:
3203:www.fishbase.se
3197:
3196:
3192:
3177:
3161:
3157:
3120:Biology Letters
3112:
3103:
3098:
3089:Animal Crossing
3059:
3039:
3032:
3029:
3020:
3017:
2953:
2885:
2865:
2852:Electrophoresis
2835:
2801:Island and the
2731:
2726:
2724:
2640:
2495:
2490:
2481:
2472:
2463:
2454:
2445:
2436:
2427:
2418:
2409:
2400:
2391:
2382:
2373:
2364:
2355:
2346:
2337:
2328:
2319:
2310:
2301:
2292:
2283:
2161:
2104:
1996:
1987:
1978:
1969:
1960:
1951:
1788:
1653:
1548:
1539:
1458:
1353:
1344:
1239:
1017:Early tetrapods
977:
936:genome sequence
932:
852:basilar papilla
839:Pseudomaxillary
826:drift-hunters.
774:
762:Mark V. Erdmann
675:ray-finned fish
636:
569:
560:
541:
538:Late Cretaceous
533:
468:ray-finned fish
421:
411:
410:
377:
373:
331:
325:
299:
282:
222:
167:
165:
164:
159:
154:
149:
144:
139:
134:
129:
124:
119:
114:
109:
98:
97:
86:
74:
63:
57:
54:
51:
47:page references
35:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
10092:
10082:
10081:
10076:
10071:
10066:
10061:
10056:
10051:
10046:
10041:
10036:
10031:
10026:
10009:
10008:
10006:
10005:
9992:
9982:
9969:
9956:
9943:
9930:
9917:
9904:
9891:
9878:
9865:
9852:
9839:
9826:
9811:
9795:
9793:
9787:
9786:
9772:
9771:
9768:
9765:
9764:
9762:
9761:
9756:
9751:
9745:
9743:
9739:
9738:
9736:
9735:
9730:
9729:
9728:
9723:
9718:
9713:
9708:
9697:
9695:
9691:
9690:
9687:
9686:
9683:
9682:
9680:
9679:
9678:
9677:
9672:
9667:
9662:
9648:
9647:
9646:
9645:
9634:
9633:
9632:
9631:
9620:
9619:
9608:
9606:
9600:
9599:
9597:
9596:
9595:
9594:
9589:
9584:
9582:Porolepiformes
9571:
9566:
9557:
9555:
9546:
9540:
9539:
9537:
9536:
9535:
9534:
9529:
9527:Symmoriiformes
9523:
9517:
9511:
9509:Eugeneodontida
9499:
9498:
9497:
9496:
9491:
9486:
9480:
9474:
9468:
9460:Elasmobranchii
9456:
9454:
9448:
9447:
9445:
9444:
9438:
9432:
9429:Climatiiformes
9425:
9418:
9416:
9407:
9406:
9404:
9403:
9396:
9389:
9387:Acanthothoraci
9383:
9377:
9371:
9365:
9363:Petalichthyida
9359:
9353:
9347:
9340:
9338:
9326:
9320:
9319:
9316:
9315:
9313:
9312:
9311:
9310:
9304:
9298:
9286:
9280:
9274:
9267:
9265:
9256:
9255:
9253:
9252:
9246:
9240:
9237:Protoconodonta
9232:
9230:
9223:
9222:
9220:
9219:
9218:
9217:
9207:
9201:
9199:
9190:
9183:
9182:
9130:
9128:
9126:
9125:
9124:
9123:
9112:
9108:Myllokunmingia
9085:
9080:
9065:
9064:
9063:
9058:
9043:
9042:
9041:
9027:
9025:
9019:
9018:
9016:
9015:
9010:
9004:
9001:
9000:
8993:
8992:
8985:
8978:
8970:
8961:
8960:
8958:
8957:
8945:
8932:
8929:
8928:
8926:
8925:
8915:
8910:
8909:
8908:
8903:
8895:
8890:
8885:
8880:
8875:
8870:
8865:
8859:
8857:
8853:
8852:
8850:
8849:
8848:
8847:
8842:
8832:
8831:
8830:
8825:
8820:
8810:
8809:
8808:
8803:
8792:
8790:
8786:
8785:
8782:
8781:
8779:
8778:
8777:
8776:
8771:
8766:
8756:
8755:
8754:
8749:
8744:
8739:
8729:
8728:
8727:
8722:
8717:
8712:
8701:
8699:
8697:Wild fisheries
8693:
8692:
8690:
8689:
8684:
8679:
8674:
8669:
8663:
8661:
8652:
8646:
8645:
8643:
8642:
8637:
8632:
8627:
8622:
8620:Hallucinogenic
8617:
8612:
8607:
8602:
8597:
8591:
8589:
8585:
8584:
8582:
8581:
8576:
8571:
8566:
8561:
8556:
8551:
8546:
8541:
8536:
8531:
8525:
8523:
8516:
8515:
8513:
8512:
8507:
8502:
8497:
8495:Schooling fish
8492:
8487:
8482:
8477:
8472:
8467:
8462:
8457:
8455:Filter feeders
8452:
8447:
8442:
8437:
8432:
8430:Bottom feeders
8427:
8422:
8417:
8411:
8409:
8403:
8402:
8400:
8399:
8394:
8389:
8384:
8379:
8374:
8369:
8363:
8361:
8355:
8354:
8352:
8351:
8350:
8349:
8339:
8334:
8329:
8324:
8319:
8314:
8309:
8304:
8299:
8294:
8289:
8284:
8279:
8273:
8271:
8265:
8264:
8262:
8261:
8256:
8251:
8246:
8241:
8236:
8231:
8226:
8221:
8216:
8211:
8206:
8200:
8198:
8190:
8189:
8187:
8186:
8181:
8176:
8175:
8174:
8169:
8159:
8158:
8157:
8152:
8142:
8137:
8132:
8131:
8130:
8120:
8115:
8110:
8105:
8100:
8099:
8098:
8088:
8083:
8078:
8076:Leydig's organ
8073:
8072:
8071:
8069:pharyngeal jaw
8066:
8056:
8051:
8050:
8049:
8044:
8039:
8034:
8029:
8024:
8022:branchial arch
8014:
8013:
8012:
8002:
7997:
7992:
7991:
7990:
7985:
7975:
7970:
7964:
7962:
7950:
7949:
7942:
7940:
7938:
7937:
7932:
7927:
7922:
7917:
7912:
7911:
7910:
7905:
7900:
7890:
7885:
7880:
7875:
7869:
7867:
7860:
7859:
7852:
7851:
7844:
7837:
7829:
7820:
7819:
7816:
7815:
7786:
7784:
7781:
7780:
7777:
7776:
7773:
7772:
7769:
7768:
7766:
7765:
7755:
7745:
7735:
7725:
7715:
7705:
7695:
7685:
7678:
7668:
7657:
7655:
7649:
7648:
7646:
7645:
7638:
7631:
7624:
7617:
7610:
7603:
7596:
7593:Axelrodichthys
7589:
7581:
7579:
7570:
7569:
7567:
7566:
7555:
7549:
7543:
7542:
7540:
7539:
7532:
7525:
7518:
7510:
7508:
7499:
7498:
7496:
7495:
7488:
7481:
7474:
7467:
7460:
7457:Graphiuricthys
7453:
7446:
7439:
7431:
7429:
7427:Coelacanthidae
7420:
7419:
7417:
7416:
7406:
7396:
7386:
7376:
7366:
7354:
7348:
7343:
7340:
7339:
7336:
7335:
7333:
7332:
7325:
7318:
7311:
7303:
7301:
7292:
7291:
7289:
7288:
7281:
7274:
7267:
7260:
7253:
7245:
7237:
7235:
7226:
7225:
7223:
7222:
7215:
7208:
7201:
7194:
7186:
7184:
7175:
7174:
7172:
7171:
7164:
7157:
7150:
7142:
7140:
7131:
7130:
7128:
7127:
7120:
7112:
7110:
7101:
7100:
7098:
7097:
7087:
7076:
7066:
7056:
7046:
7036:
7026:
7016:
7005:
6995:
6987:
6984:
6983:
6980:
6979:
6977:
6976:
6969:
6962:
6955:
6948:
6941:
6934:
6926:
6924:
6913:
6912:
6910:
6909:
6897:
6887:
6879:
6872:
6871:
6868:
6867:
6864:
6863:
6856:
6853:
6852:
6849:
6848:
6846:
6845:
6844:
6843:
6837:
6835:
6829:
6828:
6826:
6825:
6824:
6823:
6814:
6808:
6798:
6797:
6793:
6792:
6786:
6780:
6774:
6758:
6757:
6750:
6749:
6742:
6735:
6727:
6718:
6717:
6715:
6714:
6709:
6703:
6701:
6695:
6694:
6692:
6691:
6685:
6683:
6677:
6676:
6674:
6673:
6667:
6661:
6655:
6649:
6642:
6639:
6638:
6629:
6628:
6621:
6614:
6606:
6600:
6599:
6593:
6542:
6517:
6507:
6495:
6494:External links
6492:
6491:
6490:
6481:
6472:
6443:
6434:
6432:. pp. A3.
6421:
6394:
6383:
6380:
6377:
6376:
6348:
6337:. 8 April 2020
6320:
6292:
6251:
6236:
6218:
6211:
6182:
6163:
6152:. 2 March 2015
6137:
6111:
6085:
6063:
6009:
5960:
5934:
5915:
5869:
5823:
5773:
5748:
5733:
5686:
5630:
5601:
5582:
5528:
5461:
5402:
5353:
5333:
5314:(2): 139–141.
5298:
5251:
5216:
5187:(2): 176–177.
5167:
5128:(11): e49911.
5108:
5089:
5070:(6): 503–506.
5051:
4986:
4960:
4898:
4864:(3): 289–343.
4841:
4776:
4712:
4653:
4638:
4586:
4526:
4519:
4499:
4492:
4472:
4451:(6): 1281–90.
4427:
4413:
4406:
4386:
4368:
4310:
4239:
4202:Arapaima gigas
4192:
4146:
4135:. 19 June 2021
4118:
4055:
4044:. 17 June 2021
4027:
3997:
3990:
3972:
3954:
3931:
3904:(5411): 22–3.
3884:
3835:
3791:
3765:
3739:
3703:
3680:
3653:(3): 111–116.
3633:
3608:
3583:
3558:
3531:(3): 499–511.
3511:
3451:
3405:
3398:
3353:
3305:
3283:
3274:
3215:
3190:
3175:
3155:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3064:Comorian franc
3058:
3055:
3038:
3035:
3034:
3033:
3030:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3011:
2980:is considered
2952:
2949:
2884:
2881:
2864:
2861:
2834:
2831:
2766:Diepgat Canyon
2730:
2727:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2557:Early Triassic
2494:
2491:
2487:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2478:
2477:
2474:
2473:
2469:
2468:
2465:
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2455:
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2447:
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2433:
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2429:
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2424:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2415:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2397:
2396:
2393:
2392:
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2383:
2379:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2370:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2361:
2360:
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2343:
2342:
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2329:
2325:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2316:
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2312:
2311:
2307:
2306:
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2298:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2289:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2280:
2279:
2276:
2275:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2249:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2225:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2201:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2177:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2127:
2122:
2120:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2070:
2065:
2063:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2049:
2048:
2039:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2015:
2010:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1966:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1927:
1926:
1922:Axelrodichthys
1917:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1876:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1852:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1828:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1804:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1785:
1784:
1781:
1780:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1754:
1749:
1747:
1742:
1740:
1732:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1693:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1669:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1655:
1654:
1650:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1619:
1614:
1612:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1588:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1564:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1545:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1505:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1481:
1476:
1474:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1455:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1424:
1419:
1417:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1393:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1369:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1310:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1286:
1281:
1279:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1255:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1236:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1205:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1181:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1157:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1099:
1094:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1077:Porolepiformes
1067:
1064:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1055:Actinopterygii
1045:
1040:
1000:Eusthenopteron
976:
973:
952:sarcopterygian
931:
928:
811:L. menadoensis
773:
770:
758:North Sulawesi
739:Comoro Islands
693:J. L. B. Smith
685:Chalumna River
635:
632:
568:
565:
501:Comoro Islands
365:
364:
360:
359:
358:
357:
349:
343:Latimerioidei
338:
337:
333:
332:
326:
314:
313:
307:
306:
294:
290:
289:
277:
273:
272:
267:
260:
259:
254:
250:
249:
244:
240:
239:
234:
230:
229:
216:
215:
206:Axelrodichthys
200:
199:
191:
190:
178:
177:
169:
168:
160:
155:
150:
145:
140:
135:
130:
125:
120:
115:
110:
105:
90:Early Devonian
87:
76:
75:
38:
36:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10091:
10080:
10077:
10075:
10072:
10070:
10067:
10065:
10062:
10060:
10057:
10055:
10054:Fish of Kenya
10052:
10050:
10047:
10045:
10042:
10040:
10037:
10035:
10032:
10030:
10027:
10025:
10022:
10021:
10019:
10002:
9997:
9993:
9989:
9983:
9979:
9974:
9970:
9966:
9961:
9957:
9953:
9948:
9944:
9940:
9935:
9931:
9927:
9922:
9918:
9914:
9909:
9905:
9901:
9896:
9892:
9888:
9883:
9879:
9875:
9870:
9866:
9862:
9857:
9853:
9849:
9844:
9840:
9836:
9831:
9827:
9822:
9816:
9812:
9807:
9801:
9797:
9796:
9794:
9792:
9788:
9784:
9779:
9766:
9760:
9757:
9755:
9752:
9750:
9747:
9746:
9744:
9740:
9734:
9731:
9727:
9724:
9722:
9719:
9717:
9716:cartilaginous
9714:
9712:
9709:
9707:
9704:
9703:
9702:
9699:
9698:
9696:
9692:
9676:
9673:
9671:
9668:
9666:
9663:
9661:
9655:
9654:
9653:
9650:
9649:
9644:
9641:
9640:
9639:
9636:
9635:
9630:
9627:
9626:
9625:
9622:
9621:
9617:
9610:
9609:
9607:
9605:
9601:
9593:
9590:
9588:
9585:
9583:
9577:
9576:
9575:
9572:
9570:
9567:
9565:
9559:
9558:
9556:
9554:
9550:
9547:
9545:
9541:
9533:
9530:
9528:
9524:
9522:
9518:
9516:
9512:
9510:
9506:
9505:
9504:
9501:
9500:
9495:
9492:
9490:
9487:
9485:
9481:
9479:
9475:
9473:
9469:
9467:
9463:
9462:
9461:
9458:
9457:
9455:
9453:
9452:Cartilaginous
9449:
9443:
9439:
9437:
9433:
9430:
9426:
9424:
9420:
9419:
9417:
9415:
9408:
9401:
9400:Stensioellida
9397:
9394:
9390:
9388:
9384:
9382:
9378:
9376:
9375:Ptyctodontida
9372:
9370:
9366:
9364:
9360:
9358:
9354:
9352:
9348:
9346:
9342:
9341:
9339:
9337:
9330:
9327:
9325:
9321:
9309:
9305:
9303:
9299:
9297:
9293:
9292:
9291:
9287:
9285:
9281:
9279:
9275:
9273:
9269:
9268:
9266:
9264:
9257:
9251:
9247:
9245:
9241:
9238:
9234:
9233:
9231:
9224:
9216:
9213:
9212:
9211:
9208:
9206:
9203:
9202:
9200:
9198:
9194:
9191:
9188:
9184:
9178:
9175:
9169:
9164:
9159:
9153:
9147:
9141:
9134:
9121:
9120:
9119:Zhongxiniscus
9113:
9110:
9109:
9101:
9100:
9099:Haikouichthys
9092:
9086:
9084:
9081:
9079:
9078:
9071:
9070:
9069:
9066:
9062:
9059:
9057:
9056:
9049:
9048:
9047:
9044:
9040:
9039:
9032:
9031:
9030:Basal member
9029:
9028:
9026:
9024:
9020:
9014:
9011:
9009:
9006:
9005:
9002:
8998:
8991:
8986:
8984:
8979:
8977:
8972:
8971:
8968:
8956:
8955:
8946:
8944:
8943:
8934:
8933:
8930:
8924:
8923:more lists...
8916:
8914:
8911:
8907:
8904:
8902:
8899:
8898:
8896:
8894:
8891:
8889:
8886:
8884:
8881:
8879:
8878:Fish families
8876:
8874:
8871:
8869:
8866:
8864:
8863:Aquarium life
8861:
8860:
8858:
8854:
8846:
8845:fleshy-finned
8843:
8841:
8838:
8837:
8836:
8833:
8829:
8826:
8824:
8821:
8819:
8816:
8815:
8814:
8813:Cartilaginous
8811:
8807:
8804:
8802:
8799:
8798:
8797:
8794:
8793:
8791:
8787:
8775:
8772:
8770:
8767:
8765:
8762:
8761:
8760:
8757:
8753:
8750:
8748:
8745:
8743:
8740:
8738:
8735:
8734:
8733:
8730:
8726:
8723:
8721:
8718:
8716:
8713:
8711:
8708:
8707:
8706:
8703:
8702:
8700:
8698:
8694:
8688:
8685:
8683:
8680:
8678:
8675:
8673:
8670:
8668:
8665:
8664:
8662:
8660:
8656:
8653:
8651:
8647:
8641:
8638:
8636:
8633:
8631:
8628:
8626:
8623:
8621:
8618:
8616:
8613:
8611:
8608:
8606:
8603:
8601:
8598:
8596:
8593:
8592:
8590:
8586:
8580:
8577:
8575:
8572:
8570:
8567:
8565:
8562:
8560:
8557:
8555:
8552:
8550:
8547:
8545:
8542:
8540:
8537:
8535:
8532:
8530:
8527:
8526:
8524:
8522:
8517:
8511:
8508:
8506:
8503:
8501:
8498:
8496:
8493:
8491:
8488:
8486:
8483:
8481:
8478:
8476:
8473:
8471:
8468:
8466:
8463:
8461:
8458:
8456:
8453:
8451:
8450:Electric fish
8448:
8446:
8443:
8441:
8438:
8436:
8433:
8431:
8428:
8426:
8423:
8421:
8418:
8416:
8413:
8412:
8410:
8404:
8398:
8395:
8393:
8390:
8388:
8385:
8383:
8380:
8378:
8375:
8373:
8370:
8368:
8365:
8364:
8362:
8360:
8356:
8348:
8345:
8344:
8343:
8340:
8338:
8335:
8333:
8330:
8328:
8325:
8323:
8320:
8318:
8315:
8313:
8310:
8308:
8305:
8303:
8300:
8298:
8295:
8293:
8290:
8288:
8285:
8283:
8280:
8278:
8275:
8274:
8272:
8270:
8266:
8260:
8257:
8255:
8252:
8250:
8247:
8245:
8242:
8240:
8237:
8235:
8232:
8230:
8227:
8225:
8222:
8220:
8217:
8215:
8212:
8210:
8207:
8205:
8202:
8201:
8199:
8197:
8191:
8185:
8182:
8180:
8177:
8173:
8170:
8168:
8165:
8164:
8163:
8160:
8156:
8153:
8151:
8148:
8147:
8146:
8143:
8141:
8138:
8136:
8133:
8129:
8126:
8125:
8124:
8121:
8119:
8116:
8114:
8111:
8109:
8106:
8104:
8101:
8097:
8094:
8093:
8092:
8089:
8087:
8084:
8082:
8081:Mauthner cell
8079:
8077:
8074:
8070:
8067:
8065:
8062:
8061:
8060:
8057:
8055:
8052:
8048:
8045:
8043:
8040:
8038:
8035:
8033:
8030:
8028:
8025:
8023:
8020:
8019:
8018:
8015:
8011:
8008:
8007:
8006:
8003:
8001:
8000:Chromatophore
7998:
7996:
7993:
7989:
7986:
7984:
7981:
7980:
7979:
7976:
7974:
7971:
7969:
7966:
7965:
7963:
7961:
7955:
7951:
7946:
7936:
7933:
7931:
7928:
7926:
7923:
7921:
7918:
7916:
7913:
7909:
7906:
7904:
7901:
7899:
7896:
7895:
7894:
7891:
7889:
7886:
7884:
7881:
7879:
7876:
7874:
7871:
7870:
7868:
7866:
7861:
7857:
7850:
7845:
7843:
7838:
7836:
7831:
7830:
7827:
7812:
7808:
7806:
7801:
7796:
7790:
7764:
7763:
7756:
7754:
7753:
7746:
7744:
7743:
7736:
7734:
7733:
7726:
7724:
7723:
7716:
7714:
7713:
7712:Macropomoides
7706:
7704:
7703:
7696:
7694:
7693:
7686:
7684:
7683:
7679:
7677:
7676:
7669:
7667:
7666:
7659:
7658:
7656:
7654:
7650:
7644:
7643:
7639:
7637:
7636:
7632:
7630:
7629:
7625:
7623:
7622:
7618:
7616:
7615:
7611:
7609:
7608:
7604:
7602:
7601:
7597:
7595:
7594:
7590:
7588:
7587:
7583:
7582:
7580:
7578:
7571:
7565:
7564:
7557:
7556:
7553:
7550:
7548:
7547:Latimerioidei
7544:
7538:
7537:
7533:
7531:
7530:
7526:
7524:
7523:
7519:
7517:
7516:
7512:
7511:
7509:
7507:
7500:
7494:
7493:
7489:
7487:
7486:
7482:
7480:
7479:
7475:
7473:
7472:
7468:
7466:
7465:
7461:
7459:
7458:
7454:
7452:
7451:
7447:
7445:
7444:
7443:Chaohuichthys
7440:
7438:
7437:
7433:
7432:
7430:
7428:
7421:
7415:
7414:
7407:
7405:
7404:
7397:
7395:
7394:
7387:
7385:
7384:
7377:
7375:
7374:
7367:
7364:
7363:
7356:
7355:
7352:
7349:
7346:
7341:
7331:
7330:
7329:Trachymetopon
7326:
7324:
7323:
7319:
7317:
7316:
7312:
7310:
7309:
7305:
7304:
7302:
7300:
7293:
7287:
7286:
7282:
7280:
7279:
7275:
7273:
7272:
7268:
7266:
7265:
7261:
7259:
7258:
7254:
7251:
7250:
7246:
7244:
7243:
7239:
7238:
7236:
7234:
7227:
7221:
7220:
7216:
7214:
7213:
7209:
7207:
7206:
7205:Holopterygius
7202:
7200:
7199:
7195:
7193:
7192:
7188:
7187:
7185:
7183:
7176:
7170:
7169:
7165:
7163:
7162:
7161:Diplocercides
7158:
7156:
7155:
7154:Dictyonosteus
7151:
7149:
7148:
7144:
7143:
7141:
7139:
7138:Diplocercidae
7132:
7126:
7125:
7121:
7119:
7118:
7114:
7113:
7111:
7109:
7108:Miguashaiidae
7102:
7096:
7095:
7088:
7085:
7084:
7077:
7075:
7074:
7067:
7065:
7064:
7063:Scleracanthus
7057:
7055:
7054:
7047:
7045:
7044:
7037:
7035:
7034:
7027:
7025:
7024:
7017:
7015:
7014:
7007:
7006:
7003:
6999:
6996:
6993:
6992:sensu stricto
6990:
6985:
6975:
6974:
6970:
6968:
6967:
6963:
6961:
6960:
6956:
6954:
6953:
6949:
6947:
6946:
6942:
6940:
6939:
6935:
6933:
6932:
6928:
6927:
6925:
6922:
6914:
6907:
6906:
6899:
6898:
6895:
6891:
6888:
6885:
6882:
6877:
6873:
6861:
6860:
6854:
6841:
6840:
6839:
6838:
6836:
6834:
6830:
6822:
6821:Gnathostomata
6818:
6817:
6816:
6815:
6812:
6809:
6807:
6806:Gnathostomata
6803:
6799:
6791:
6790:Sarcopterygii
6787:
6785:
6781:
6779:
6775:
6773:
6769:
6768:
6763:
6759:
6755:
6748:
6743:
6741:
6736:
6734:
6729:
6728:
6725:
6713:
6710:
6708:
6705:
6704:
6702:
6700:
6696:
6690:
6687:
6686:
6684:
6682:
6678:
6672:
6668:
6666:
6665:Gnathostomata
6662:
6660:
6656:
6654:
6650:
6648:
6644:
6643:
6640:
6635:
6634:Sarcopterygii
6627:
6622:
6620:
6615:
6613:
6608:
6607:
6604:
6597:
6594:
6590:
6586:
6581:
6576:
6572:
6568:
6564:
6560:
6556:
6552:
6548:
6543:
6531:
6527:
6523:
6518:
6515:
6511:
6508:
6505:
6501:
6498:
6497:
6487:
6482:
6478:
6473:
6461:
6457:
6453:
6449:
6444:
6440:
6435:
6431:
6427:
6422:
6418:
6414:
6410:
6406:
6402:
6401:
6395:
6391:
6386:
6385:
6365:
6364:
6359:
6352:
6336:
6335:
6330:
6324:
6309:
6308:
6303:
6296:
6281:
6277:
6273:
6269:
6262:
6255:
6247:
6243:
6239:
6233:
6229:
6222:
6214:
6208:
6204:
6199:
6198:
6192:
6186:
6178:
6174:
6167:
6151:
6147:
6141:
6125:
6121:
6115:
6099:
6095:
6089:
6073:
6067:
6059:
6053:
6034:
6030:
6029:nmfs.noaa.gov
6023:
6016:
6014:
6005:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5987:
5983:
5979:
5975:
5971:
5964:
5948:
5947:Animal Planet
5944:
5938:
5930:
5926:
5919:
5903:
5898:
5894:
5890:
5889:
5884:
5882:
5873:
5857:
5852:
5848:
5844:
5843:
5838:
5836:
5827:
5819:
5815:
5811:
5807:
5803:
5799:
5795:
5791:
5784:
5777:
5762:
5758:
5752:
5744:
5737:
5729:
5725:
5721:
5717:
5713:
5709:
5706:(4): 759–65.
5705:
5701:
5697:
5690:
5682:
5678:
5674:
5670:
5666:
5662:
5658:
5654:
5650:
5643:
5641:
5639:
5637:
5635:
5623:
5619:
5612:
5605:
5597:
5593:
5586:
5578:
5574:
5570:
5566:
5562:
5558:
5555:(3): 149–51.
5554:
5550:
5546:
5539:
5537:
5535:
5533:
5524:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5506:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5488:
5484:
5480:
5476:
5472:
5465:
5457:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5429:
5425:
5421:
5417:
5413:
5406:
5398:
5394:
5390:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5372:
5368:
5364:
5357:
5349:
5342:
5340:
5338:
5329:
5325:
5321:
5317:
5313:
5309:
5302:
5294:
5290:
5286:
5282:
5278:
5274:
5270:
5266:
5262:
5255:
5247:
5243:
5239:
5235:
5231:
5227:
5220:
5212:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5194:
5190:
5186:
5182:
5178:
5171:
5163:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5135:
5131:
5127:
5123:
5119:
5112:
5104:
5100:
5093:
5085:
5081:
5077:
5073:
5069:
5065:
5058:
5056:
5047:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5029:
5025:
5021:
5017:
5013:
5009:
5005:
5001:
4997:
4990:
4982:
4978:
4971:
4964:
4956:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4928:
4924:
4920:
4916:
4912:
4905:
4903:
4887:
4883:
4879:
4875:
4871:
4867:
4863:
4859:
4852:
4845:
4837:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4819:
4815:
4811:
4807:
4803:
4799:
4795:
4791:
4787:
4780:
4772:
4768:
4764:
4760:
4756:
4752:
4748:
4744:
4740:
4736:
4732:
4725:
4723:
4721:
4719:
4717:
4708:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4680:
4676:
4672:
4668:
4664:
4657:
4649:
4642:
4634:
4630:
4625:
4624:2027.42/50281
4620:
4616:
4612:
4608:
4604:
4597:
4590:
4582:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4564:
4560:
4556:
4552:
4548:
4544:
4540:
4533:
4531:
4522:
4516:
4512:
4511:
4503:
4495:
4493:9785873926930
4489:
4485:
4484:
4476:
4467:
4462:
4458:
4454:
4450:
4446:
4445:Palaeontology
4442:
4440:
4431:
4423:
4417:
4409:
4403:
4399:
4398:
4390:
4382:
4378:
4372:
4364:
4360:
4356:
4352:
4348:
4344:
4340:
4336:
4332:
4328:
4324:
4317:
4315:
4306:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4288:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4270:
4266:
4262:
4258:
4254:
4252:
4243:
4235:
4231:
4227:
4223:
4219:
4215:
4211:
4207:
4203:
4196:
4188:
4184:
4180:
4176:
4172:
4168:
4164:
4160:
4153:
4151:
4134:
4133:
4132:The Economist
4128:
4122:
4114:
4110:
4106:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4088:
4084:
4080:
4076:
4072:
4071:
4066:
4059:
4043:
4042:
4037:
4031:
4015:
4011:
4007:
4001:
3993:
3987:
3983:
3976:
3968:
3964:
3958:
3950:
3946:
3942:
3935:
3927:
3923:
3919:
3915:
3911:
3907:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3888:
3880:
3876:
3871:
3870:10.1038/26376
3866:
3862:
3858:
3855:(6700): 335.
3854:
3850:
3846:
3839:
3831:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3804:(in French).
3803:
3795:
3779:
3775:
3769:
3753:
3749:
3743:
3734:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3717:
3710:
3708:
3699:
3695:
3691:
3684:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3664:
3660:
3656:
3652:
3648:
3644:
3637:
3622:
3618:
3612:
3597:
3593:
3587:
3572:
3568:
3562:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3518:
3516:
3507:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3465:
3458:
3456:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3431:
3427:
3424:(4): 329–37.
3423:
3419:
3412:
3410:
3401:
3395:
3391:
3384:
3382:
3380:
3378:
3376:
3374:
3372:
3370:
3368:
3366:
3364:
3362:
3360:
3358:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3301:
3294:
3292:
3290:
3288:
3278:
3270:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3219:
3204:
3200:
3194:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3172:
3168:
3167:
3159:
3151:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3110:
3108:
3106:
3101:
3093:
3091:
3090:
3084:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3073:
3067:
3065:
3054:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3027:
3022:
3015:
3010:
3009:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2994:
2990:
2985:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2948:
2946:
2942:
2937:
2935:
2929:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2914:ovoviviparous
2907:
2903:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2880:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2860:
2858:
2853:
2847:
2845:
2841:
2840:rostral organ
2827:
2824:model in the
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2809:
2804:
2803:Grande Comore
2800:
2796:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2769:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2735:
2635:
2632:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2617:
2616:
2611:
2610:Maastrichtian
2607:
2603:
2599:
2598:
2592:
2590:
2589:
2584:
2583:
2582:Trachymetopon
2576:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2534:
2533:
2527:
2520:
2519:
2513:
2506:
2505:
2499:
2493:Fossil record
2485:
2484:
2476:
2475:
2467:
2466:
2458:
2457:
2449:
2448:
2440:
2439:
2431:
2430:
2422:
2421:
2413:
2412:
2404:
2403:
2395:
2394:
2386:
2385:
2377:
2376:
2368:
2367:
2359:
2358:
2350:
2349:
2341:
2340:
2332:
2331:
2323:
2322:
2314:
2313:
2305:
2304:
2296:
2295:
2287:
2286:
2278:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2272:
2265:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2248:
2247:
2241:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2231:
2224:
2223:
2217:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2207:
2200:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2183:
2176:
2175:
2169:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2156:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2150:
2143:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2133:
2126:
2125:
2119:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2099:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2093:
2086:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2076:
2069:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2055:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2045:
2038:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2021:
2014:
2013:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1991:
1990:
1982:
1981:
1973:
1972:
1964:
1963:
1955:
1954:
1946:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1933:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1923:
1916:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1892:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1882:
1881:Trachymetopon
1875:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1851:
1850:
1844:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1834:
1827:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1810:
1803:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1783:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1777:
1770:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1760:
1753:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1729:
1728:Latimerioidei
1726:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1716:
1709:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1699:
1692:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1675:
1668:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1648:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1642:
1635:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1625:
1618:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1604:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1594:
1587:
1586:
1580:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1570:
1563:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1543:
1542:
1534:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1528:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1511:
1504:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1480:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1453:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1447:
1440:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1430:
1423:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1409:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1399:
1392:
1391:
1385:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1375:
1368:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1348:
1347:
1339:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1333:
1326:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1316:
1309:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1292:
1285:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1261:
1254:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1221:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1211:
1210:Holopterygius
1204:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1187:
1180:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1162:Diplocercides
1156:
1155:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1132:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1115:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1105:
1098:
1097:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1073:
1066:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1051:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1037:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1023:
1018:
1014:
1013:
1008:
1007:
1006:Panderichthys
1002:
1001:
996:
993:
989:
986:
985:Late Devonian
981:
972:
969:
963:
961:
957:
956:rhipidistians
953:
950:
945:
943:
942:
937:
924:
920:
913:
908:
904:
902:
901:swim bladders
898:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
862:Sarcopterygii
860:
855:
853:
848:
844:
840:
835:
832:
827:
825:
820:
818:
817:frilled shark
813:
812:
807:
806:
798:
794:
789:
783:
778:
769:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
748:species, the
747:
742:
740:
735:
733:
732:Kwazulu-Natal
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
700:Lazarus taxon
696:
694:
690:
686:
682:
681:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
652:
651:Louis Agassiz
648:
646:
640:
631:
629:
626:commemorates
625:
621:
620:
615:
614:Louis Agassiz
611:
606:
594:
584:
579:
574:
564:
558:
554:
553:living fossil
549:
547:
539:
530:
528:
524:
523:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
489:
485:in the genus
484:
480:
476:
471:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
438:
434:
430:
426:
425:
414:
407:
371:
363:
356:
350:
348:
345:
344:
342:
341:
339:
334:
329:
324:
323:
315:
312:
308:
303:
298:
295:
292:
291:
286:
281:
278:
275:
274:
271:
270:Sarcopterygii
268:
265:
262:
261:
258:
255:
252:
251:
248:
245:
242:
241:
238:
235:
232:
231:
226:
221:
217:
213:
209:
207:
201:
197:
192:
188:
184:
179:
175:
170:
163:
158:
153:
148:
143:
138:
133:
128:
123:
118:
113:
108:
102:
95:
91:
83:
80:
72:
69:
61:
58:December 2021
49:
48:
42:
37:
28:
27:
22:
10029:Latimeriidae
9790:
9706:spiny sharks
9665:Halecomorphi
9568:
9484:Xenacanthida
9369:Phyllolepida
9302:Pituriaspida
9263:Ostracoderms
9197:Cyclostomata
9187:Jawless fish
9136:
9117:
9106:
9097:
9075:
9053:
9036:
8952:
8940:
8840:spiny-finned
8789:Major groups
8510:Intelligence
8490:Scale eaters
8435:Cleaner fish
8317:Mouthbrooder
8269:Reproduction
8244:Schreckstoff
8229:Lateral line
8145:Swim bladder
8135:Spiral valve
8064:hyomandibula
8047:pseudobranch
7930:Hypoxia in -
7792:
7760:
7750:
7740:
7730:
7720:
7710:
7700:
7690:
7680:
7673:
7663:
7653:Latimeriidae
7640:
7633:
7626:
7619:
7612:
7605:
7598:
7591:
7584:
7561:
7534:
7527:
7520:
7513:
7490:
7483:
7476:
7469:
7462:
7455:
7450:Coelacanthus
7448:
7441:
7434:
7411:
7401:
7391:
7381:
7371:
7360:
7344:
7327:
7320:
7313:
7308:Belemnocerca
7306:
7285:Synaptotylus
7283:
7276:
7269:
7262:
7255:
7247:
7242:Caridosuctor
7240:
7217:
7212:Lochmocercus
7210:
7203:
7196:
7191:Allenypterus
7189:
7168:Serenichthys
7166:
7159:
7152:
7145:
7122:
7115:
7094:Youngichthys
7092:
7083:Styloichthys
7081:
7071:
7061:
7051:
7041:
7031:
7021:
7013:Eoactinistia
7011:
6991:
6971:
6964:
6957:
6950:
6943:
6936:
6929:
6905:Styloichthys
6903:
6883:
6857:
6688:
6680:
6671:Osteichthyes
6663:Infraphylum
6554:
6550:
6534:. Retrieved
6530:the original
6525:
6512:(requires a
6510:Dinofish.com
6485:
6476:
6464:. Retrieved
6460:the original
6455:
6451:
6438:
6429:
6398:
6389:
6367:. Retrieved
6361:
6351:
6339:. Retrieved
6332:
6323:
6311:. Retrieved
6307:BBC Wildlife
6305:
6295:
6283:. Retrieved
6274:(1): 39–67.
6271:
6267:
6254:
6227:
6221:
6196:
6185:
6166:
6154:. Retrieved
6149:
6140:
6128:. Retrieved
6124:the original
6114:
6102:. Retrieved
6098:the original
6088:
6076:. Retrieved
6066:
6040:. Retrieved
6033:the original
6028:
5977:
5973:
5963:
5951:. Retrieved
5946:
5943:"Coelacanth"
5937:
5929:The Observer
5928:
5918:
5906:. Retrieved
5892:
5886:
5880:
5872:
5860:. Retrieved
5846:
5840:
5834:
5826:
5793:
5789:
5776:
5764:. Retrieved
5760:
5751:
5742:
5736:
5703:
5699:
5695:
5689:
5659:(3): 281–6.
5656:
5652:
5648:
5622:the original
5617:
5604:
5595:
5585:
5552:
5548:
5544:
5478:
5474:
5464:
5419:
5415:
5405:
5373:(4): 332–8.
5370:
5366:
5356:
5347:
5311:
5307:
5301:
5268:
5264:
5254:
5229:
5225:
5219:
5184:
5180:
5170:
5125:
5121:
5111:
5102:
5092:
5067:
5063:
5006:(1): 11812.
5003:
4999:
4989:
4980:
4976:
4963:
4918:
4914:
4889:. Retrieved
4861:
4857:
4844:
4793:
4789:
4779:
4738:
4734:
4670:
4666:
4656:
4641:
4606:
4602:
4589:
4546:
4542:
4509:
4502:
4482:
4475:
4448:
4444:
4438:
4430:
4416:
4396:
4389:
4381:the original
4371:
4330:
4326:
4322:
4260:
4256:
4250:
4242:
4217:
4213:
4209:
4205:
4201:
4195:
4162:
4158:
4137:. Retrieved
4130:
4121:
4074:
4068:
4058:
4046:. Retrieved
4039:
4030:
4018:. Retrieved
4014:the original
4009:
4000:
3981:
3975:
3966:
3957:
3940:
3934:
3901:
3897:
3887:
3852:
3848:
3838:
3808:(4): 261–7.
3805:
3801:
3794:
3782:. Retrieved
3777:
3768:
3756:. Retrieved
3751:
3742:
3723:
3719:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3683:
3650:
3646:
3636:
3624:. Retrieved
3620:
3611:
3599:. Retrieved
3595:
3586:
3574:. Retrieved
3570:
3561:
3528:
3524:
3471:
3467:
3421:
3417:
3389:
3323:
3319:
3299:
3277:
3232:
3228:
3218:
3206:. Retrieved
3202:
3193:
3165:
3158:
3126:(3): 443–6.
3123:
3119:
3087:
3085:
3070:
3068:
3060:
3040:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2986:
2977:
2969:
2957:
2954:
2951:Conservation
2941:monandrously
2938:
2930:
2911:
2905:
2891:
2883:Life history
2866:
2848:
2836:
2821:
2812:
2797:
2785:Sulawesi Sea
2772:
2770:
2755:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2740:
2628:
2613:
2595:
2593:
2586:
2580:
2577:
2565:Latimeriidae
2538:
2532:Allenypterus
2530:
2516:
2502:
2501:Specimen of
2269:
2268:
2252:
2251:
2228:
2227:
2204:
2203:
2180:
2179:
2147:
2146:
2130:
2129:
2090:
2089:
2073:
2072:
2042:
2041:
2018:
2017:
2006:Latimeriidae
1937:
1936:
1920:
1919:
1896:
1895:
1879:
1878:
1855:
1854:
1831:
1830:
1807:
1806:
1774:
1773:
1757:
1756:
1713:
1712:
1696:
1695:
1672:
1671:
1639:
1638:
1622:
1621:
1591:
1590:
1569:Coelacanthus
1567:
1566:
1525:
1524:
1508:
1507:
1484:
1483:
1444:
1443:
1427:
1426:
1398:Caridosuctor
1396:
1395:
1372:
1371:
1330:
1329:
1313:
1312:
1289:
1288:
1260:Lochmocercus
1258:
1257:
1227:Allenypterus
1225:
1224:
1208:
1207:
1186:Serenichthys
1184:
1183:
1160:
1159:
1136:
1135:
1121:Styloichthys
1119:
1118:
1102:
1101:
1070:
1069:
1048:
1047:
1034:
1028:Ichthyostega
1026:
1022:Acanthostega
1020:
1010:
1004:
998:
964:
946:
939:
933:
923:Pectoral fin
870:intracranial
856:
828:
821:
809:
803:
802:
792:
743:
736:
697:
678:
656:
643:
623:
619:Coelacanthus
617:
572:
570:
550:
546:South Africa
531:
529:coelacanth.
522:Coelacanthus
520:
512:
511:). The name
508:
496:
486:
472:
439:
428:
369:
368:
361:
347:Latimeriidae
320:
311:Type species
296:
279:
263:
204:
203:Specimen of
79:
64:
55:
44:
9908:iNaturalist
9815:Wikispecies
9726:lobe-finned
9652:Neopterygii
9638:Chondrostei
9574:Rhipidistia
9553:Lobe-finned
9503:Holocephali
9308:Osteostraci
9210:Hyperoartia
9055:Cathaymyrus
9023:Forerunners
8954:WikiProject
8913:Prehistoric
8897:Threatened
8588:Other types
8485:Sardine run
8460:Forage fish
8440:Corallivory
8292:Development
8277:Bubble nest
8150:physoclisti
8140:Suckermouth
8113:Root effect
7935:Ichthyology
7752:Ticinepomis
7600:Changxingia
7577:Mawsoniidae
7478:Mylacanthus
7278:Spermatodus
7264:Rhabdoderma
7198:Hadronector
7053:Rebellatrix
7023:Euporosteus
6959:Qingmenodus
6782:Subphylum:
6669:Superclass
6504:Adobe Flash
6369:10 December
6341:10 December
6313:10 December
6191:Piper, Ross
6074:. NOOA (US)
5908:13 November
5862:13 November
4891:28 December
4796:(1): 1932.
4609:: 277–297.
2962:overfishing
2877:cephalopods
2781:Celebes Sea
2569:Mawsoniidae
2132:Ticinepomis
1738:Mawsoniidae
1446:Spermatodus
1374:Rhabdoderma
1332:Hadronector
1315:Rebellatrix
824:piscivorous
772:Description
744:The second
578:Cœlacanthus
540:, around 66
370:Coelacanths
355:Mawsoniidae
212:Mawsoniidae
208:araripensis
99:409–0
10018:Categories
9711:placoderms
9670:Ginglymodi
9604:Ray-finned
9569:Coelacanth
9414:Acanthodii
9351:Arthrodira
9336:Placoderms
9324:Jawed fish
9296:Galeaspida
9278:Thelodonti
9077:Haikouella
9068:Olfactores
8569:Groundfish
8564:Freshwater
8559:Euryhaline
8544:Coral reef
8480:Salmon run
8470:Paedophagy
8372:Amphibious
8359:Locomotion
8167:pharyngeal
8155:physostome
8108:Photophore
8054:Glossohyal
8027:gill raker
8010:dorsal fin
7960:physiology
7675:Holophagus
7635:Parnaibaia
7563:Garnbergia
7529:Piveteauia
7506:Whiteiidae
7373:Dobrogeria
7315:Coccoderma
7124:Miguashaia
7033:Hainbergia
6989:Actinistia
6931:Bukkanodus
6884:sensu lato
6881:Actinistia
6859:Actinistia
6842:see below↓
6833:Actinistia
6784:Vertebrata
6754:Actinistia
6659:Vertebrata
6657:Subphylum
6246:1100871937
6156:30 October
6078:30 October
6042:30 October
5953:29 October
5766:28 October
5271:: 104768.
5105:: 687–691.
4079:Cell Press
4041:Eurekalert
4020:28 October
3626:27 October
3621:seasky.org
3601:30 October
3576:30 October
3096:References
3047:wax esters
3019:Coelacanth
2982:Vulnerable
2869:piscivores
2631:morphology
2604:to middle
2182:Holophagus
2020:Garnbergia
1857:Parnaibaia
1715:Dobrogeria
1510:Coccoderma
1486:Piveteauia
1104:Miguashaia
1090:Actinistia
1050:Mimipiscis
988:vertebrate
866:caudal fin
791:Preserved
724:Madagascar
720:Mozambique
671:Cretaceous
659:lungfishes
642:Fossil of
610:caudal fin
573:Coelacanth
513:coelacanth
466:) than to
452:amphibians
440:Actinistia
280:Actinistia
85:Coelacanth
9769:† extinct
9624:Cladistia
9381:Rhenanida
9345:Antiarchi
9250:Conodonta
9229:Conodonts
8818:chimaeras
8705:Predatory
8682:Salmonids
8640:Whitefish
8630:Poisonous
8605:Diversity
8539:Coldwater
8475:Predatory
8465:Migratory
8425:Bait ball
8408:behaviour
8327:Pregnancy
8322:Polyandry
8096:papillare
8091:Operculum
8086:Meristics
8032:gill slit
7995:Cleithrum
7925:Fish kill
7915:Fear of -
7908:- as food
7898:Fisheries
7883:Evolution
7873:Diversity
7732:Rieppelia
7702:Macropoma
7682:Latimeria
7621:Lualabaea
7586:Alcoveria
7515:Atacamaia
7471:Moenkopia
7383:Heptanema
7299:Laugiidae
7257:Dumfregia
7147:Chagrinia
7073:Shoshonia
6966:Selenodus
6952:Onychodus
6770:Kingdom:
6506:required)
6417:643483454
6409:0027-9358
6280:2359-3024
5618:Smithiana
5367:BioEssays
5328:0016-786X
5293:233551515
5232:: 65–73.
5028:2045-2322
4818:2041-1723
4771:233942585
4763:0891-2963
4323:Latimeria
4139:19 August
4105:0960-9822
3879:204997216
3185:951128215
3081:Relicanth
3079:known as
2945:Polyandry
2934:odontodes
2926:caruncles
2624:Paleocene
2606:Campanian
2602:Santonian
2545:tetrapods
2271:Latimeria
2230:Macropoma
1898:Lualabaea
1759:Atacamaia
1698:Heptanema
1072:Porolepis
1036:Cladogram
1012:Tiktaalik
960:concestor
912:Mutsamudu
894:vestigial
886:opercular
882:braincase
874:notochord
680:Latimeria
663:tetrapods
634:Discovery
624:Latimeria
571:The word
567:Etymology
548:in 1938.
488:Latimeria
448:tetrapods
427:) (order
424:-lə-kanth
243:Kingdom:
237:Eukaryota
21:Latimeria
9800:Wikidata
9587:Lungfish
9532:Chimaera
9284:Anaspida
9083:Tunicate
9061:Lancelet
8942:Category
8893:Smallest
8806:lampreys
8769:flatfish
8759:Demersal
8715:mackerel
8710:billfish
8650:Commerce
8579:Tropical
8554:Demersal
8549:Deep-sea
8505:Venomous
8397:RoboTuna
8347:triggers
8342:Spawning
8302:Juvenile
8287:Egg case
7920:FishBase
7628:Mawsonia
7614:Diplurus
7271:Sassenia
6973:Strunius
6938:Grossius
6778:Chordata
6776:Phylum:
6772:Animalia
6653:Chordata
6647:Animalia
6645:Kingdom
6589:23598338
6536:19 April
6502:by PBS (
6193:(2007).
6130:19 April
6104:19 April
6052:cite web
5818:24048316
5796:: 2488.
5728:83504862
5681:35672220
5577:39620387
5523:10535971
5456:22025696
5389:23382020
5350:: 86–93.
5211:17148159
5162:23209614
5122:PLOS ONE
5046:34083600
4955:32502171
4915:PLOS ONE
4886:83712134
4836:29203766
4707:25470617
4667:PLOS ONE
4633:35473487
4581:23598338
4355:22567677
4305:10339578
4234:27816416
4220:: 1–16.
4113:34143958
3918:10215525
3830:10216801
3675:21236972
3553:85826893
3506:16555794
3488:25223279
3446:23069133
3438:17651357
3348:83943031
3269:10339578
3208:13 March
3150:17148426
3051:diarrhea
2989:trawling
2833:Behavior
2777:Sulawesi
2621:European
2588:Mawsonia
2573:brackish
2561:Mesozoic
2553:Devonian
2549:Silurian
2541:lungfish
2518:Mawsonia
2044:Diplurus
1939:Mawsonia
1429:Sassenia
975:Taxonomy
949:tetrapod
890:spiracle
834:elasmoid
716:Tanzania
475:Devonian
456:reptiles
444:lungfish
257:Chordata
253:Phylum:
247:Animalia
233:Domain:
9742:Related
9675:Teleost
9215:Lamprey
9205:Hagfish
8888:Largest
8801:hagfish
8796:Jawless
8774:pollock
8747:sardine
8742:herring
8737:anchovy
8687:Tilapia
8677:Octopus
8672:Catfish
8659:Farming
8574:Pelagic
8534:Coastal
8521:habitat
8377:Walking
8282:Clasper
8234:Otolith
8196:systems
8194:Sensory
8128:ganoine
8103:Papilla
7954:Anatomy
7893:Fishing
7742:Swenzia
7665:Foreyia
7607:Chinlea
7536:Whiteia
7492:Wimania
7117:Gavinia
7043:Nesides
6945:Luckeus
6788:Class:
6651:Phylum
6632:Extant
6580:3633110
6559:Bibcode
6285:12 July
6004:4282105
5982:Bibcode
5798:Bibcode
5720:2387536
5661:Bibcode
5557:Bibcode
5483:Bibcode
5447:3207662
5424:Bibcode
5397:2751255
5273:Bibcode
5234:Bibcode
5202:1626220
5153:3507921
5130:Bibcode
5072:Bibcode
5064:Geology
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