684:
32:
131:
791:
696:
749:. These ingredients are found in toothpaste and mouthwash. Hydrogen peroxide was long considered a suitable over-the-counter agent to treat gingivitis. There has been evidence to show the positive effect on controlling gingivitis in short-term use. A study indicates the fluoridated hydrogen peroxide-based mouth rinse can remove teeth stain and reduce gingivitis.
707:. Therapy is aimed at the reduction of oral bacteria and may take the form of regular periodic visits to a dental professional together with adequate oral hygiene home care. Thus, several of the methods used in the prevention of gingivitis can also be used for the treatment of manifest gingivitis, such as scaling, root planing,
432:
The diagnosis of the periodontal disease gingivitis is done by a dentist. The diagnosis is based on clinical assessment data acquired during a comprehensive periodontal exam. Either a registered dental hygienist or a dentist may perform the comprehensive periodontal exam but the data interpretation
674:
was effective in preventing gingivitis. In 2017 the FDA banned triclosan in many consumer products but allowed it to remain in toothpaste because of its effectiveness against gingivitis. In 2019, Colgate, under pressure from health advocates, removed triclosan from the last toothpaste on the market
774:
Overall, intensive oral hygiene care has been shown to improve gingival health in individuals with well-controlled type 2 diabetes. Periodontal destruction is also slowed due to the extensive oral care. Intensive oral hygiene care (oral health education plus supra-gingival scaling) without any
170:
that normally exists in the gum tissue of some individuals will often disappear and the gums may appear shiny when the gum tissue becomes swollen and stretched over the inflamed underlying connective tissue. The accumulation may also emit an unpleasant odor. When the gingiva are swollen, the
433:
and diagnosis are done by the dentist. The comprehensive periodontal exam consists of a visual exam, a series of radiographs, probing of the gingiva, determining the extent of current or past damage to the periodontium and a comprehensive review of the medical and dental histories.
290:(LTA), that promote an inflammatory response in the gum tissue. This inflammation can cause an enlargement of the gingiva and subsequent formation. Early plaque in health consists of a relatively simple bacterial community dominated by
1242:
Neff JA, Kelley ML, Walters ST, Cunningham TD, Paulson JF, Braitman AL, et al. (December 2015). "Effectiveness of a
Screening and Brief Intervention protocol for heavy drinkers in dental practice: A cluster-randomized trial".
650:
may also be employed. In a 2004 clinical study, the beneficial effect of hydrogen peroxide on gingivitis has been highlighted. The use of oscillation type brushes might reduce the risk of gingivitis compared to manual brushing.
1819:
1800:
428:
Each tooth is divided into four gingival units (mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual) and given a score from 0–3 based on the gingival index. The four scores are then averaged to give each tooth a single score.
1435:
Sambunjak D, Nickerson JW, Poklepovic T, Johnson TM, Imai P, Tugwell P, Worthington HV (December 2011). Johnson TM (ed.). "Flossing for the management of periodontal diseases and dental caries in adults".
887:
Ammons WF, Schectman LR, Page RC (1972). "Host tissue response in chronic periodontal disease. 1. The normal periodontium and clinical manifestations of dental and periodontal disease in the marmoset".
309:
and spirochetes. Later experimental gingivitis studies, using culture, provided more information regarding the specific bacterial species present in plaque. Taxa associated with gingivitis included
459:
A dental hygienist or dentist will check for the symptoms of gingivitis, and may also examine the amount of plaque in the oral cavity. A dental hygienist or dentist will also look for signs of
1478:
Hasturk H, Nunn M, Warbington M, Van Dyke TE (January 2004). "Efficacy of a fluoridated hydrogen peroxide-based mouthrinse for the treatment of gingivitis: a randomized clinical trial".
752:
Based on a limited evidence, mouthwashes with essential oils may also be useful, as they contain ingredients with anti-inflammatory properties, such as thymol, menthol and eucalyptol.
349:
was associated with periodontal health. Further study of these taxa is warranted and may lead to new therapeutic approaches to prevent periodontal disease including systemic health.
1725:
Stoeken JE, Paraskevas S, van der
Weijden GA (July 2007). "The long-term effect of a mouthrinse containing essential oils on dental plaque and gingivitis: a systematic review".
3742:
835:
The
American Academy of Periodontology. Proceedings of the World Workshop in Clinical Periodontics. Chicago:The American Academy of Periodontology; 1989:I/23-I/24.
278:(tartar) that forms on teeth. Although these accumulations may be tiny, the bacteria in them produce chemicals, such as degradative enzymes, and toxins, such as
666:
are considered as a treatment for periodontal disease, not as a preventive treatment for periodontal disease. In a 1997 review of effectiveness data, the U.S.
3816:
3801:
3505:
3493:
2059:
333:
110:
Gingivitis is reversible with good oral hygiene; however, without treatment, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, in which the inflammation of the
3998:
251:
Because plaque-induced gingivitis is by far the most common form of gingival diseases, the following sections will deal primarily with this condition.
1042:
2259:
2224:
1629:
258:. This, in turn, can lead to destruction of the gingival tissues, which may progress to destruction of the periodontal attachment apparatus. The
1365:"A new classification scheme for periodontal and peri-implant diseases and conditions - Introduction and key changes from the 1999 classification"
270:: locations that serve to accumulate and maintain plaque. Examples of plaque traps include bulky and overhanging restorative margins, clasps of
3045:
2859:
4003:
4065:
846:
654:
Rigorous plaque control programs along with periodontal scaling and curettage also have proved to be helpful, although according to the
1308:
436:
Current research shows that activity levels of the following enzymes in saliva samples are associated with periodontal destruction:
239:– which are responsible for many forms of gum disease – can migrate from the mouth to the brain in mice. And on entry to the brain,
2657:
1934:
729:
The active ingredients that "reduce plaque and demonstrate effective reduction of gingival inflammation over a period of time" are
547:
As defined by the 2017 World
Workshop, periodontal health, gingival diseases/ conditions have been categorised into the following:
4630:
3828:
3779:
2079:
2468:
2098:
856:
456:(ACP). Therefore, these enzyme biomarkers may be used to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of gingivitis and periodontitis.
425:
Gingivitis is a category of periodontal disease in which there is no loss of bone but inflammation and bleeding are present.
233:. Scientists agree that more research is needed to prove a cause and effect link. "Studies have also found that the bacteria
1562:
474:(a specialist in diseases of the gingiva and bone around teeth and dental implants) for further treatment may be necessary.
3641:
4313:
4156:
2428:
2423:
3430:
2914:
1912:
4557:
3190:
2372:
301:. As plaque matures and gingivitis develops, the communities become increasingly complex with higher proportions of
4532:
4469:
4464:
4346:
3774:
3754:
2666:
2069:
923:
Page RC, Schroeder HE (March 1976). "Pathogenesis of inflammatory periodontal disease. A summary of current work".
4378:
4015:
3469:
2239:
2209:
1410:
1116:
4660:
4363:
4198:
1605:
4203:
2074:
1761:
4066:
3727:
3336:
3040:
3025:
2963:
2909:
2832:
2650:
1927:
775:
periodontal therapy improves gingival health, and may prevent progression of gingivitis in well-controlled
667:
4255:
4218:
3948:
3229:
3141:
655:
4265:
4213:
4020:
3953:
3722:
3222:
3217:
3168:
445:
437:
4270:
3988:
3892:
3363:
2827:
2624:
2398:
2305:
271:
1969:
487:
As defined by the 1999 World
Workshop in Clinical Periodontics, there are two primary categories of
4577:
4356:
4341:
4037:
3993:
3938:
3811:
3769:
3537:
3383:
2453:
2433:
2388:
2362:
2229:
2184:
2119:
2054:
2049:
1838:
1117:
Research, Science and
Therapy Committee of the American Academy of Periodontology (December 2001).
659:
441:
4410:
4474:
4275:
4240:
3933:
3737:
3517:
3358:
3304:
3234:
3156:
3136:
3123:
3100:
2643:
2619:
2367:
2330:
2295:
2275:
2112:
1920:
1583:
816:
311:
56:
2523:
1062:"Association between oral health and dementia in the elderly: a population-based study in Korea"
4655:
4620:
4587:
4260:
4250:
4245:
4187:
4114:
4070:
3966:
3961:
3747:
3577:
3572:
3547:
3393:
3324:
3151:
3060:
2978:
2705:
2614:
1676:
Yaacob M, Worthington HV, Deacon SA, Deery C, Walmsley AD, Robinson PG, Glenny AM (June 2014).
230:
2968:
1889:
1363:
Caton JG, Armitage G, Berglundh T, Chapple IL, Jepsen S, Kornman KS, et al. (June 2018).
1217:
1119:"Treatment of plaque-induced gingivitis, chronic periodontitis, and other clinical conditions"
254:
The cause of plaque-induced gingivitis is bacterial plaque, which acts to initiate the body's
4429:
4331:
3943:
3821:
3683:
3642:
3442:
3244:
3178:
3105:
2448:
2443:
2126:
2044:
2019:
2004:
1999:
810:
179:
and the gums will bleed more easily with even gentle brushing, and especially when flossing.
167:
1513:
Deacon SA, Glenny AM, Deery C, Robinson PG, Heanue M, Walmsley AD, Shaw WC (December 2010).
4527:
4428:
4166:
4151:
3717:
3650:
3256:
2988:
2578:
2553:
2463:
2357:
2204:
2154:
2133:
2089:
2009:
1979:
1171:
1073:
688:
449:
138:
The symptoms of gingivitis are somewhat non-specific and manifest in the gum tissue as the
139:
8:
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4318:
4298:
4288:
4161:
4094:
3976:
3971:
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3449:
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3212:
3161:
3110:
3090:
3003:
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2919:
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2752:
2593:
2476:
2458:
2408:
2290:
2244:
2140:
2014:
1900:
1823:
1339:
345:
176:
104:
85:
61:
1296:] (Ph.D. thesis) (in Korean). 서울대학교 대학원 (Seoul National University Graduate School).
1175:
1077:
84:
is an alternative term. The most common form of gingivitis, and the most common form of
4625:
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4479:
4283:
4208:
4099:
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1514:
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1194:
1159:
1094:
1061:
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991:
901:
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Analgesic and antiseptic gum paint with applicator buds used in treatment of gingivitis
279:
1832:
1828:
4323:
3912:
3877:
3851:
3710:
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1023:
972:
932:
905:
852:
776:
746:
720:
636:
632:
287:
275:
44:
1461:
1043:"Alzheimer's is linked to gum disease – but bad oral health is not the only culprit"
992:"Periodontitis: A risk for delivery of premature labor and low-birth-weight infants"
4293:
3928:
3918:
3882:
3791:
3542:
3481:
3415:
3405:
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1323:
1252:
1189:
1179:
1130:
1089:
1081:
1013:
1003:
962:
897:
726:
Powered toothbrushes work better than manual toothbrushes in reducing the disease.
453:
298:
4449:
4235:
4030:
3923:
3759:
3678:
3658:
3582:
3567:
3437:
3341:
3309:
3280:
3202:
3128:
2924:
2807:
2797:
2742:
2727:
2533:
2234:
1994:
1989:
1843:
1566:
1184:
796:
393:
378:
321:
306:
263:
217:
211:
115:
2573:
1563:"American Dental Hygienists' Association Position Paper on the Oral Prophylaxis"
1309:"Development of a classification system for periodontal diseases and conditions"
1287:
1135:
1118:
967:
950:
683:
4615:
4567:
4537:
4405:
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4303:
4025:
3764:
3498:
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3173:
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2771:
2438:
1944:
1854:
1085:
756:
624:
1813:
1809:
1327:
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4517:
4395:
4223:
4042:
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3695:
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3522:
3319:
3080:
3055:
3030:
3008:
2792:
2782:
2747:
2598:
2558:
2280:
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2064:
1964:
1491:
1256:
804:
716:
704:
644:
460:
302:
291:
259:
255:
235:
93:
1738:
1008:
951:"Parameter on plaque-induced gingivitis. American Academy of Periodontology"
771:
in 500 grams of a non-alcoholic fluoride mouthwash is an effective mixture.
4368:
4144:
4139:
4124:
4104:
4074:
3907:
3616:
3557:
3488:
3410:
3400:
3368:
3331:
3292:
3284:
2899:
2854:
2839:
2737:
2732:
2588:
2543:
2418:
2320:
2315:
2300:
1959:
1746:
1711:
1548:
1499:
1453:
1396:
1335:
1264:
1203:
1144:
1103:
1027:
976:
723:, and flossing. Interdental brushes also help remove any causative agents.
663:
620:
471:
364:
229:
A study from 2018 found evidence that gingivitis bacteria may be linked to
201:
73:
4504:
1387:
909:
243:
can reproduce all of the characteristic features of
Alzheimer's disease."
4562:
4552:
4542:
4459:
4454:
4385:
3459:
3420:
3239:
3115:
3075:
2943:
2864:
2844:
2568:
2518:
2147:
1884:
936:
768:
760:
4522:
4308:
4134:
3902:
3673:
3611:
3601:
3594:
3589:
3527:
3510:
3454:
3425:
3346:
3207:
3185:
3070:
3050:
2538:
2393:
2285:
2189:
1515:"Different powered toothbrushes for plaque control and gingival health"
1377:
1364:
764:
742:
712:
647:
388:
339:
205:
172:
119:
1792:
925:
Laboratory
Investigation; A Journal of Technical Methods and Pathology
4390:
4373:
4109:
3887:
3690:
3314:
3197:
2817:
2712:
2690:
2325:
2310:
1895:
1860:
1630:"Colgate Total Toothpaste to Relaunch Without Controversial Chemical"
730:
708:
671:
327:
283:
159:
49:
31:
4400:
4351:
4119:
3872:
3853:
3833:
3654:
3532:
3476:
2722:
2194:
1974:
1434:
628:
488:
408:
375:
overly aggressive oral hygiene such as brushing with stiff bristles
89:
755:
The bacteria that causes gingivitis can be controlled by using an
4486:
4444:
4129:
4089:
3983:
3857:
3646:
3013:
1984:
1865:
738:
640:
195:
1724:
4228:
3700:
3288:
2883:
1804:
734:
357:
Risk factors associated with gingivitis include the following:
294:
670:(FDA) found clear evidence showing that toothpaste containing
1766:
1477:
1362:
464:
130:
1675:
1294:
Association between obesity, periodontitis and dental caries
1160:"Bacterial community development in experimental gingivitis"
1158:
Kistler JO, Booth V, Bradshaw DJ, Wade WG (14 August 2013).
695:
470:
If gingivitis is not responsive to treatment, referral to a
1241:
851:. Oxford / New York: Oxford University Press. p. 357.
111:
77:
2679:
1512:
1157:
759:
daily with a mouthwash containing an antibiotic. Either
155:
Bleeding gums or bleeding after brushing and/or flossing
118:
around the teeth. Periodontitis can ultimately lead to
687:
Gingivitis before (top) and after (bottom) a thorough
1678:"Powered versus manual toothbrushing for oral health"
1571:
Approved by the ADHA Board of
Trustees April 29, 1998
2665:
2060:
Periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic disease
1943:
Dentistry involving supporting structures of teeth (
1782:
786:
262:
accumulates in the small gaps between teeth, in the
886:
557:Clinical gingival health on a reduced periodontium
4079:Jaw joints, chewing muscles and bite abnormalities
733:, chlorhexidine digluconate, and a combination of
554:Clinical gingival health on an intact periodontium
107:, periodontitis is always preceded by gingivitis.
2942:
996:Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine
467:or periodontal probing as well as other methods.
103:While some cases of gingivitis never progress to
4647:
3279:
4434:Teeth, jaws, tongue and associated soft tissues
1473:
1471:
989:
602:Endocrine, nutritional & metabolic diseases
584:Gingival diseases – non-dental biofilm induced
100:. Most forms of gingivitis are plaque-induced.
3046:Hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis
527:Gingival manifestations of systemic conditions
515:Gingival diseases of specific bacterial origin
501:Gingival diseases modified by systemic factors
96:) that are attached to tooth surfaces, termed
4004:Neuralgia-inducing cavitational osteonecrosis
2651:
1928:
922:
1468:
1235:
874:Dental Hygiene - E-Book: Theory and Practice
619:Gingivitis can be prevented through regular
152:Gums that are tender or painful to the touch
1682:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1584:"FDA Triclosan: What Consumers Should Know"
1519:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1438:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
224:
2658:
2644:
1935:
1921:
1411:"How to Get Rid of Puffy Gums with Braces"
576:Mediated by systemic or local risk factors
507:Gingival diseases modified by malnutrition
30:
1701:
1538:
1386:
1376:
1193:
1183:
1134:
1093:
1017:
1007:
966:
504:Gingival diseases modified by medications
495:Dental plaque-induced gingival diseases.
72:is a non-destructive disease that causes
1606:"FDA - 5 Things to Know About Triclosan"
1306:
1040:
990:Saini R, Saini S, Saini SR (July 2010).
694:
682:
491:diseases, each with numerous subgroups:
129:
4631:Oral manifestations of systemic disease
3780:Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
2080:Combined periodontic-endodontic lesions
1759:
1059:
844:
551:Periodontal health and gingival health
404:mental health issues such as depression
175:lining of the gingival crevice becomes
4648:
3817:As a manifestation of systemic disease
916:
871:
542:
498:Gingivitis associated with plaque only
482:
4604:
4503:
4427:
4185:
4064:
3850:
3640:
3278:
2941:
2881:
2769:
2677:
2639:
2469:Subepithelial connective tissue graft
1916:
125:
88:overall, is in response to bacterial
3663:Gums and tooth-supporting structures
2055:Generalized aggressive periodontitis
1603:
703:The focus of treatment is to remove
579:Drug-influenced gingival enlargement
573:Associated with dental biofilm alone
570:Gingivitis – dental biofilm-induced
512:Non-plaque-induced gingival lesions
4314:Papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum
4186:
4157:Temporomandibular joint dysfunction
1586:. U.S. Food and Drug Administration
1285:
524:Gingival diseases of genetic origin
13:
3431:Maxillary lateral incisor agenesis
2915:Inflammatory papillary hyperplasia
2050:Localized aggressive periodontitis
1760:Brennan D, ed. (29 January 2023).
1369:Journal of Clinical Periodontology
1110:
902:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1972.tb00638.x
593:Inflammatory and immune conditions
521:Gingival diseases of fungal origin
114:results in tissue destruction and
14:
4672:
2373:Full mouth ultrasonic debridement
1778:
1653:
1610:U.S. Food and Drug Administration
518:Gingival diseases of viral origin
477:
4533:Cutaneous sinus of dental origin
4470:Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
4465:Central hypoventilation syndrome
4347:Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma
3775:Necrotizing periodontal diseases
3755:Hereditary gingival fibromatosis
2667:Oral and maxillofacial pathology
2070:Necrotizing periodontal diseases
1060:Lee KH, Choi YY (October 2019).
1041:Singhrao SK (January 30, 2019).
789:
587:Genetic/ developmental disorders
407:pre-existing conditions such as
387:medications and conditions that
182:
4379:Chronic sclerosing sialadenitis
4016:Osteoporotic bone marrow defect
3470:Keratocystic odontogenic tumour
1753:
1718:
1669:
1647:
1622:
1597:
1576:
1555:
1506:
1428:
1403:
1356:
1300:
1279:
1210:
1151:
890:Journal of Periodontal Research
352:
198:of the gingiva or the jaw bones
4364:Sclerosing polycystic adenosis
4199:Benign lymphoepithelial lesion
1694:10.1002/14651858.CD002281.pub3
1531:10.1002/14651858.cd004971.pub2
1446:10.1002/14651858.CD008829.pub2
1053:
1034:
983:
961:(5 Suppl): 851–852. May 2000.
943:
880:
865:
838:
829:
675:containing it, Colgate Total.
1:
4558:Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome
4507:Soft tissues around the mouth
4204:Ectopic salivary gland tissue
2075:Abscesses of the periodontium
1307:Armitage GC (December 1999).
822:
813:" of orofacial granulomatosis
614:
140:classic signs of inflammation
3728:Gingival cyst of the newborn
3337:Failure of eruption of teeth
3041:Hand, foot and mouth disease
3026:Focal epithelial hyperplasia
2964:Angina bullosa haemorrhagica
2910:Palatal cysts of the newborn
2833:Transient lingual papillitis
1762:"Treatments for Gum Disease"
1371:. 45 Suppl 20 (S20): S1–S8.
1245:Journal of Health Psychology
1185:10.1371/journal.pone.0071227
845:Ireland R (2010). "Ulitis".
678:
668:Food and Drug Administration
560:Stable periodontitis patient
420:
305:rods, fusiforms, filaments,
7:
4256:Salivary gland diverticulum
4219:Necrotizing sialometaplasia
3230:Smokeless tobacco keratosis
3142:Basaloid squamous carcinoma
1136:10.1902/jop.2001.72.12.1790
968:10.1902/jop.2000.71.5-S.851
782:
656:American Dental Association
369:low dental care utilization
39:A severe case of gingivitis
10:
4677:
4266:Salivary gland hyperplasia
4214:HIV salivary gland disease
3723:Gingival cyst of the adult
3169:Oral florid papillomatosis
2882:
2770:
2429:Guided tissue regeneration
1604:Kary T (15 January 2019).
1086:10.1038/s41598-019-50863-0
446:gamma glutamyl transferase
438:aspartate aminotransferase
272:removable partial dentures
250:
4611:
4605:
4600:
4513:
4505:Orofacial soft tissues –
4499:
4440:
4423:
4271:Salivary gland hypoplasia
4194:
4181:
4085:
4060:
3999:Bisphosphonate-associated
3893:Idiopathic osteosclerosis
3868:
3846:
3669:
3636:
3364:Dentinogenesis imperfecta
3300:
3274:
2954:
2937:
2890:
2877:
2828:Median rhomboid glossitis
2778:
2765:
2686:
2673:
2607:
2506:
2399:Coronally positioned flap
2381:
2350:
2343:
2268:
2172:
2088:
2035:
2028:
1952:
1875:
1786:
1727:Journal of Periodontology
1480:Journal of Periodontology
1328:10.1902/annals.1999.4.1.1
1123:Journal of Periodontology
955:Journal of Periodontology
848:A Dictionary of Dentistry
563:Non-periodontitis patient
282:(LPS, otherwise known as
204:(bacterial infection and
98:plaque-induced gingivitis
55:
43:
38:
29:
24:
4578:Orofacial granulomatosis
4357:Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
4342:Adenoid cystic carcinoma
4276:Salivary gland neoplasms
4067:Temporomandibular joints
4038:Periapical periodontitis
3770:Linear gingival erythema
3538:Regional odontodysplasia
3384:Enamel hypocalcification
2678:
2454:Pocket reduction surgery
2434:Enamel matrix derivative
2424:Guided bone regeneration
2389:Apically positioned flap
2363:Scaling and root planing
2269:Treatment and prevention
2230:Linear gingival erythema
2185:Clinical attachment loss
2099:A. actinomycetemcomitans
1492:10.1902/jop.2004.75.1.57
1316:Annals of Periodontology
1257:10.1177/1359105313516660
442:alanine aminotransferase
246:
225:Alzheimer's and dementia
188:Recurrence of gingivitis
16:Inflammation of the gums
4475:Obstructive sleep apnea
4241:Salivary duct stricture
4021:Paget's disease of bone
3518:Pulp canal obliteration
3359:Dentin hypersensitivity
3305:Amelogenesis imperfecta
3157:Squamous cell carcinoma
3137:Adenosquamous carcinoma
3124:Squamous cell papilloma
3101:Melanocytic oral lesion
2507:Important personalities
2368:Full mouth disinfection
2331:Host modulatory therapy
2296:Chlorhexidine gluconate
2276:Periodontal examination
1739:10.1902/jop.2007.060269
1218:"Gingivitis and braces"
1009:10.4103/0976-9668.71672
817:Desquamative gingivitis
536:Not otherwise specified
312:Fusobacterium nucleatum
4621:Hemifacial hypertrophy
4588:Pyostomatitis vegetans
4261:Salivary gland fistula
4251:Salivary gland atresia
4246:Salivary gland aplasia
4100:Mandibular dislocation
4071:muscles of mastication
3949:Calcifying odontogenic
3578:Vertical root fracture
3573:Cracked tooth syndrome
3548:Shovel-shaped incisors
3443:Wisdom tooth impaction
3325:Early childhood caries
3191:Benign mucous membrane
3152:Spindle cell carcinoma
3061:Intraoral dental sinus
2979:Burning mouth syndrome
2225:Horizontal bony defect
1415:Orthodontics Australia
1222:Orthodontics Australia
700:
692:
689:mechanical debridement
533:Foreign body reactions
266:and in areas known as
135:
4661:Periodontal disorders
4430:Stomatognathic system
4332:Acinic cell carcinoma
3954:Glandular odontogenic
3106:Molluscum contagiosum
2449:Open flap debridement
2444:Lateral pedicle graft
2045:Chronic periodontitis
2005:Mucogingival junction
2000:Junctional epithelium
1289:비만과 치주염 및 치아우식증과의 연관성
1286:Kim E (August 2014).
811:Full width gingivitis
698:
686:
608:Gingival pigmentation
133:
4573:Oral Crohn's disease
4528:Basal cell carcinoma
4167:Condylar hyperplasia
4152:Maxillary hypoplasia
3718:Gingival enlargement
3651:periodontal ligament
3257:Verruciform xanthoma
2989:Condyloma acuminatum
2579:Paul Roscoe Stillman
2554:Willoughby D. Miller
2524:Per-Ingvar Brånemark
2351:Conventional therapy
2260:Vertical bony defect
2205:Gingival enlargement
2155:Entamoeba gingivalis
2010:Periodontal ligament
1980:Free gingival margin
623:that includes daily
450:alkaline phosphatase
331:species HOTA94, and
220:and low birth weight
4583:Perioral dermatitis
4319:Pleomorphic adenoma
4299:Monomorphic adenoma
4289:Canalicular adenoma
4162:Condylar hypoplasia
4095:Condylar resorption
3939:Lateral periodontal
3898:Mandibular fracture
3797:Periodontal abscess
3394:Turner's hypoplasia
3162:Verrucous carcinoma
3111:Morsicatio buccarum
3091:Lupus erythematosus
3004:Erythema multiforme
2920:Stomatitis nicotina
2594:James Leon Williams
2459:Socket preservation
2409:Free gingival graft
2291:Bleeding on probing
2245:Periodontal disease
2015:Sulcular epithelium
1176:2013PLoSO...871227K
1078:2019NatSR...914407L
1047:theconversation.com
872:Darby ML, Walsh M.
660:periodontal scaling
590:Specific infections
543:2017 Classification
483:1999 Classification
346:Rothia dentocariosa
343:bacterium), whilst
231:Alzheimer's disease
212:Swollen lymph nodes
86:periodontal disease
62:Periodontal disease
4626:Facial hemiatrophy
4480:Periodic breathing
4411:Sjögren's syndrome
4284:Basal cell adenoma
4048:Torus mandibularis
4026:Periapical abscess
4009:Osteoradionecrosis
3934:Buccal bifurcation
3913:Intraosseous cysts
3802:Periodontal trauma
3706:Pyogenic granuloma
3553:Supernumerary root
3506:Pulp calcification
3494:Premature eruption
3465:Odontogenic tumors
3262:White sponge nevus
3235:Submucous fibrosis
3179:Smoker's melanosis
3066:Irritation fibroma
2905:High-arched palate
2813:Foliate papillitis
2803:Cunnilingus tongue
2788:Black hairy tongue
2718:Congenital lip pit
2240:Periodontal pocket
2215:Gingival recession
2106:Capnocytophaga sp.
1876:External resources
1378:10.1111/jcpe.12935
1066:Scientific Reports
701:
693:
596:Reactive processes
384:orthodontic braces
334:Prevotella oulorum
280:lipopolysaccharide
166:Additionally, the
136:
126:Signs and symptoms
4643:
4642:
4639:
4638:
4596:
4595:
4495:
4494:
4419:
4418:
4324:Sebaceous adenoma
4177:
4176:
4056:
4055:
3967:Median mandibular
3962:Nasopalatine duct
3878:Alveolar osteitis
3842:
3841:
3829:Perio-endo lesion
3711:Congenital epulis
3632:
3631:
3389:Enamel hypoplasia
3270:
3269:
3245:Riga–Fede disease
3096:Melanocytic nevus
3036:Hairy leukoplakia
2999:Epulis fissuratum
2933:
2932:
2873:
2872:
2823:Geographic tongue
2761:
2760:
2633:
2632:
2608:Other specialties
2564:John Mankey Riggs
2549:Preston D. Miller
2514:Tomas Albrektsson
2502:
2501:
2439:Implant placement
2414:Gingival grafting
2404:Crown lengthening
2339:
2338:
2306:Hydrogen peroxide
2163:Trichomonas tenax
1910:
1909:
1636:. 15 January 2019
1251:(12): 1534–1548.
1129:(12): 1790–1800.
858:978-0-19-953301-5
747:methyl salicylate
721:hydrogen peroxide
633:Hydrogen peroxide
605:Traumatic lesions
530:Traumatic lesions
394:cigarette smoking
372:poor oral hygiene
288:lipoteichoic acid
67:
66:
19:Medical condition
4668:
4602:
4601:
4501:
4500:
4425:
4424:
4294:Ductal papilloma
4183:
4182:
4062:
4061:
3959:Non-odontogenic:
3944:Globulomaxillary
3883:Buccal exostosis
3848:
3847:
3792:Peri-implantitis
3638:
3637:
3354:Dentin dysplasia
3276:
3275:
3252:Verruca vulgaris
3147:Mucosal melanoma
2994:Darier's disease
2969:Behçet's disease
2939:
2938:
2895:Bednar's aphthae
2879:
2878:
2767:
2766:
2753:Trumpeter's wart
2675:
2674:
2660:
2653:
2646:
2637:
2636:
2625:Prosthodontology
2584:Dennis P. Tarnow
2529:Robert Gottsegen
2348:
2347:
2200:Furcation defect
2033:
2032:
1937:
1930:
1923:
1914:
1913:
1784:
1783:
1772:
1771:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1733:(7): 1218–1228.
1722:
1716:
1715:
1705:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1641:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1616:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1591:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1565:. Archived from
1559:
1553:
1552:
1542:
1525:(12): CD004971.
1510:
1504:
1503:
1475:
1466:
1465:
1440:(12): CD008829.
1432:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1422:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1390:
1380:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1350:
1344:
1338:. Archived from
1313:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1197:
1187:
1155:
1149:
1148:
1138:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1097:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1038:
1032:
1031:
1021:
1011:
987:
981:
980:
970:
947:
941:
940:
920:
914:
913:
884:
878:
877:
869:
863:
862:
842:
836:
833:
799:
794:
793:
792:
454:acid phosphatase
325:species HOT100,
264:gingival grooves
216:Associated with
34:
22:
21:
4676:
4675:
4671:
4670:
4669:
4667:
4666:
4665:
4646:
4645:
4644:
4635:
4607:
4592:
4548:Ludwig's angina
4509:
4491:
4450:Mouth breathing
4436:
4415:
4236:Pneumoparotitis
4209:Frey's syndrome
4190:
4188:Salivary glands
4173:
4081:
4052:
4031:Phoenix abscess
3864:
3860:hard tissues –
3838:
3760:Hypercementosis
3679:Cementoblastoma
3665:
3628:
3342:Dens evaginatus
3296:
3266:
3218:Denture-related
3203:Plasmoacanthoma
3129:Keratoacanthoma
2950:
2948:Lining of mouth
2929:
2925:Torus palatinus
2886:
2869:
2850:Lingual thyroid
2808:Fissured tongue
2798:Crenated tongue
2774:
2757:
2743:Nasolabial cyst
2728:Herpes labialis
2682:
2669:
2664:
2634:
2629:
2603:
2534:Gary Greenstein
2498:
2377:
2335:
2264:
2235:Occlusal trauma
2210:Gingival pocket
2168:
2084:
2024:
1995:Gingival sulcus
1990:Gingival fibers
1948:
1941:
1911:
1906:
1905:
1871:
1870:
1795:
1781:
1776:
1775:
1758:
1754:
1723:
1719:
1688:(6): CD002281.
1674:
1670:
1660:
1658:
1652:
1648:
1639:
1637:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1614:
1612:
1602:
1598:
1589:
1587:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1569:on 2012-06-26.
1561:
1560:
1556:
1511:
1507:
1476:
1469:
1433:
1429:
1420:
1418:
1409:
1408:
1404:
1361:
1357:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1311:
1305:
1301:
1284:
1280:
1240:
1236:
1227:
1225:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1156:
1152:
1115:
1111:
1058:
1054:
1039:
1035:
988:
984:
949:
948:
944:
921:
917:
885:
881:
870:
866:
859:
843:
839:
834:
830:
825:
797:Medicine portal
795:
790:
788:
785:
681:
617:
545:
485:
480:
423:
398:genetic factors
379:mouth breathing
355:
322:Lachnospiraceae
252:
249:
227:
218:premature birth
185:
149:Bright red gums
128:
116:bone resorption
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4674:
4664:
4663:
4658:
4641:
4640:
4637:
4636:
4634:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4616:Eagle syndrome
4612:
4609:
4608:
4598:
4597:
4594:
4593:
4591:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4538:Cystic hygroma
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4514:
4511:
4510:
4497:
4496:
4493:
4492:
4490:
4489:
4484:
4483:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4452:
4447:
4441:
4438:
4437:
4421:
4420:
4417:
4416:
4414:
4413:
4408:
4406:Sialolithiasis
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4382:
4381:
4376:
4366:
4361:
4360:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4337:Adenocarcinoma
4334:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4304:Myoepithelioma
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4232:
4231:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4195:
4192:
4191:
4179:
4178:
4175:
4174:
4172:
4171:
4170:
4169:
4164:
4154:
4149:
4148:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4086:
4083:
4082:
4058:
4057:
4054:
4053:
4051:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4034:
4033:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4012:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3980:
3979:
3977:Traumatic bone
3974:
3972:Median palatal
3969:
3964:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3869:
3866:
3865:
3844:
3843:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3825:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3783:
3782:
3772:
3767:
3765:Hypocementosis
3762:
3757:
3752:
3751:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3714:
3713:
3708:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3687:
3686:
3676:
3670:
3667:
3666:
3634:
3633:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3626:
3625:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3599:
3598:
3597:
3587:
3586:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3514:
3513:
3503:
3502:
3501:
3499:Neonatal teeth
3491:
3486:
3485:
3484:
3474:
3473:
3472:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3446:
3445:
3435:
3434:
3433:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3397:
3396:
3386:
3381:
3379:Ectopic enamel
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3350:
3349:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3328:
3327:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3301:
3298:
3297:
3272:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3248:
3247:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3226:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3194:
3193:
3183:
3182:
3181:
3174:Oral melanosis
3171:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3131:
3126:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3022:
3021:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2974:Bohn's nodules
2971:
2966:
2961:
2959:Amalgam tattoo
2955:
2952:
2951:
2935:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2875:
2874:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2836:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2763:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2709:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2687:
2684:
2683:
2671:
2670:
2663:
2662:
2655:
2648:
2640:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2622:
2620:Orthodontology
2617:
2611:
2609:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2510:
2508:
2504:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2496:
2495:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2385:
2383:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2354:
2352:
2345:
2341:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2272:
2270:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2176:
2174:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2166:
2159:
2151:
2144:
2137:
2130:
2123:
2116:
2109:
2102:
2094:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2041:
2039:
2030:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1970:Biologic width
1967:
1962:
1956:
1954:
1950:
1949:
1945:Periodontology
1940:
1939:
1932:
1925:
1917:
1908:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1901:article/763801
1892:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1857:
1846:
1835:
1816:
1796:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1787:Classification
1780:
1779:External links
1777:
1774:
1773:
1752:
1717:
1668:
1646:
1621:
1596:
1575:
1554:
1505:
1467:
1427:
1402:
1388:2027.42/144587
1355:
1299:
1278:
1234:
1209:
1150:
1109:
1052:
1033:
982:
942:
931:(3): 235–249.
915:
896:(2): 131–143.
879:
876:. p. 318.
864:
857:
837:
827:
826:
824:
821:
820:
819:
814:
807:
801:
800:
784:
781:
757:oral irrigator
680:
677:
616:
613:
612:
611:
610:
609:
606:
603:
600:
597:
594:
591:
588:
582:
581:
580:
577:
574:
568:
567:
566:
565:
564:
561:
555:
544:
541:
540:
539:
538:
537:
534:
531:
528:
525:
522:
519:
516:
510:
509:
508:
505:
502:
499:
484:
481:
479:
478:Classification
476:
422:
419:
418:
417:
414:
411:
405:
402:
399:
396:
391:
385:
382:
376:
373:
370:
367:
362:
354:
351:
337:(a species of
248:
245:
226:
223:
222:
221:
214:
209:
199:
192:
189:
184:
181:
164:
163:
156:
153:
150:
147:
127:
124:
65:
64:
59:
53:
52:
47:
41:
40:
36:
35:
27:
26:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4673:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4656:Inflammations
4654:
4653:
4651:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4613:
4610:
4603:
4599:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4518:Actinomycosis
4516:
4515:
4512:
4508:
4502:
4498:
4488:
4485:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4457:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4442:
4439:
4435:
4431:
4426:
4422:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4396:Sialodochitis
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4371:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4279:
4278:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4230:
4227:
4226:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4196:
4193:
4189:
4184:
4180:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4159:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4107:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4087:
4084:
4080:
4076:
4075:malocclusions
4072:
4068:
4063:
4059:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4043:Stafne defect
4041:
4039:
4036:
4032:
4029:
4028:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3996:
3995:
3994:Osteonecrosis
3992:
3990:
3989:Osteomyelitis
3987:
3985:
3982:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3916:
3915:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3870:
3867:
3863:
3862:Bones of jaws
3859:
3855:
3849:
3845:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3809:
3808:
3807:Periodontitis
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3787:Pericoronitis
3785:
3781:
3778:
3777:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3743:Granulomatous
3741:
3739:
3736:
3735:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3703:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3696:Eruption cyst
3694:
3692:
3689:
3685:
3682:
3681:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3671:
3668:
3664:
3660:
3656:
3652:
3648:
3644:
3639:
3635:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3604:
3603:
3600:
3596:
3593:
3592:
3591:
3588:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3523:Pulp necrosis
3521:
3519:
3516:
3512:
3509:
3508:
3507:
3504:
3500:
3497:
3496:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3483:
3482:Dens in dente
3480:
3479:
3478:
3475:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3444:
3441:
3440:
3439:
3436:
3432:
3429:
3428:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3395:
3392:
3391:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3374:Discoloration
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3302:
3299:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3277:
3273:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3192:
3189:
3188:
3187:
3184:
3180:
3177:
3176:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3081:Lichen planus
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3056:Herpes zoster
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3031:Fordyce spots
3029:
3027:
3024:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3009:Erythroplakia
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2956:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2940:
2936:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2889:
2885:
2880:
2876:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2793:Caviar tongue
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2783:Ankyloglossia
2781:
2780:
2777:
2773:
2768:
2764:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2748:Sun poisoning
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2685:
2681:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2661:
2656:
2654:
2649:
2647:
2642:
2641:
2638:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2615:Endodontology
2613:
2612:
2610:
2606:
2600:
2599:W. J. Younger
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2559:Carl E. Misch
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2505:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2380:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2349:
2346:
2342:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2267:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2250:Periodontitis
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2171:
2165:
2164:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2152:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2143:
2142:
2138:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2129:
2128:
2127:P. intermedia
2124:
2122:
2121:
2120:P. gingivalis
2117:
2115:
2114:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2065:Periodontosis
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2031:
2027:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1965:Alveolar bone
1963:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1951:
1946:
1938:
1933:
1931:
1926:
1924:
1919:
1918:
1915:
1902:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1881:
1878:
1874:
1867:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1851:
1847:
1845:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1797:
1794:
1789:
1785:
1769:
1768:
1763:
1756:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1721:
1713:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1672:
1657:
1654:Peter, Josh.
1650:
1635:
1631:
1625:
1611:
1607:
1600:
1585:
1579:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1558:
1550:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1509:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1474:
1472:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1431:
1416:
1412:
1406:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1359:
1345:on 2010-06-12
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1310:
1303:
1295:
1291:
1290:
1282:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1238:
1223:
1219:
1213:
1205:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1170:(8): e71227.
1169:
1165:
1161:
1154:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1113:
1105:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1056:
1048:
1044:
1037:
1029:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
986:
978:
974:
969:
964:
960:
956:
952:
946:
938:
934:
930:
926:
919:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
883:
875:
868:
860:
854:
850:
849:
841:
832:
828:
818:
815:
812:
808:
806:
805:Pericoronitis
803:
802:
798:
787:
780:
778:
772:
770:
766:
762:
758:
753:
750:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
727:
724:
722:
718:
717:chlorhexidine
714:
710:
706:
697:
690:
685:
676:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
652:
649:
646:
645:chlorhexidine
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
607:
604:
601:
598:
595:
592:
589:
586:
585:
583:
578:
575:
572:
571:
569:
562:
559:
558:
556:
553:
552:
550:
549:
548:
535:
532:
529:
526:
523:
520:
517:
514:
513:
511:
506:
503:
500:
497:
496:
494:
493:
492:
490:
475:
473:
468:
466:
462:
461:periodontitis
457:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
434:
430:
426:
415:
412:
410:
406:
403:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
389:dry the mouth
386:
383:
380:
377:
374:
371:
368:
366:
363:
360:
359:
358:
350:
348:
347:
342:
341:
336:
335:
330:
329:
324:
323:
318:
314:
313:
308:
304:
303:Gram-negative
300:
296:
293:
292:Gram-positive
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
256:host response
244:
242:
241:P. gingivalis
238:
237:
236:P. gingivalis
232:
219:
215:
213:
210:
207:
203:
200:
197:
194:Infection or
193:
191:Periodontitis
190:
187:
186:
183:Complications
180:
178:
174:
169:
161:
157:
154:
151:
148:
145:
144:
143:
141:
132:
123:
121:
117:
113:
108:
106:
105:periodontitis
101:
99:
95:
92:(also called
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
63:
60:
58:
57:Complications
54:
51:
48:
46:
42:
37:
33:
28:
23:
4506:
4433:
4369:Sialadenitis
4328:
4280:
4145:Scissor bite
4140:Retrognathia
4125:Overeruption
4105:Malocclusion
4078:
3958:
3917:
3908:Micrognathia
3861:
3852:Periapical,
3738:Desquamative
3732:
3662:
3643:Periodontium
3617:Acid erosion
3558:Taurodontism
3489:Open contact
3401:Enamel pearl
3369:Dilaceration
3332:Concrescence
3133:
3120:
2947:
2900:Cleft palate
2860:Microglossia
2855:Macroglossia
2840:Glossoptosis
2738:Microcheilia
2733:Macrocheilia
2589:Hom-Lay Wang
2574:Jørgen Slots
2544:Brian Mealey
2419:Gingivectomy
2321:Tetracycline
2316:Oral hygiene
2219:
2161:
2153:
2146:
2141:T. denticola
2139:
2134:T. forsythia
2132:
2125:
2118:
2113:F. nucleatum
2111:
2104:
2097:
1960:Periodontium
1894:
1883:
1859:
1848:
1837:
1818:
1799:
1765:
1755:
1730:
1726:
1720:
1685:
1681:
1671:
1661:27 September
1659:. Retrieved
1649:
1638:. Retrieved
1633:
1624:
1613:. Retrieved
1609:
1599:
1588:. Retrieved
1578:
1570:
1567:the original
1557:
1522:
1518:
1508:
1486:(1): 57–65.
1483:
1479:
1437:
1430:
1419:. Retrieved
1417:. 2021-05-02
1414:
1405:
1368:
1358:
1347:. Retrieved
1340:the original
1319:
1315:
1302:
1293:
1288:
1281:
1248:
1244:
1237:
1226:. Retrieved
1224:. 2021-05-02
1221:
1212:
1167:
1163:
1153:
1126:
1122:
1112:
1072:(1): 14407.
1069:
1065:
1055:
1046:
1036:
1002:(1): 40–42.
999:
995:
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918:
893:
889:
882:
873:
867:
847:
840:
831:
773:
754:
751:
728:
725:
713:mouth washes
702:
691:of the teeth
664:root planing
653:
648:mouth washes
621:oral hygiene
618:
546:
486:
472:periodontist
469:
458:
435:
431:
427:
424:
381:during sleep
365:osteoporosis
356:
353:Risk factors
344:
338:
332:
326:
320:
316:
310:
268:plaque traps
267:
253:
240:
234:
228:
208:of the gums)
202:Trench mouth
165:
158:Bad breath (
146:Swollen gums
137:
109:
102:
97:
81:
74:inflammation
69:
68:
4563:Microstomia
4553:Macrostomia
4543:Gnathophyma
4460:Catathrenia
4455:Sleep apnea
4386:Sialectasis
3929:Dentigerous
3919:Odontogenic
3748:Plasma cell
3684:Gigantiform
3460:Microdontia
3450:Macrodontia
3421:Hyperdontia
3116:Oral cancer
3076:Leukoplakia
2984:Candidiasis
2944:Oral mucosa
2865:Rhabdomyoma
2845:Hypoglossia
2706:Plasma cell
2569:Jay Seibert
2519:Frank Beube
2358:Debridement
2148:Red complex
1885:MedlinePlus
1656:"Gingivita"
769:minocycline
761:amoxicillin
715:containing
452:(ALP), and
317:polymorphum
315:subspecies
4650:Categories
4523:Angioedema
4329:Malignant:
4309:Oncocytoma
4135:Prognathia
3924:periapical
3903:Microgenia
3854:mandibular
3812:Aggressive
3733:Gingivitis
3674:Cementicle
3612:Abfraction
3602:Tooth wear
3595:Edentulism
3590:Tooth loss
3543:Resorption
3528:Pulp polyp
3511:Pulp stone
3455:Meth mouth
3426:Hypodontia
3416:Gemination
3347:Talon cusp
3240:Ulceration
3208:Stomatitis
3186:Pemphigoid
3134:Malignant:
3086:Linea alba
3071:Leukoedema
3051:Herpangina
3019:Giant-cell
2539:Jan Lindhe
2464:Sinus lift
2394:Bone graft
2281:Ante's law
2220:Gingivitis
2190:Edentulism
1850:DiseasesDB
1640:2021-04-08
1615:2021-04-08
1590:2010-08-12
1421:2021-07-21
1349:2010-05-12
1322:(1): 1–6.
1228:2021-05-19
823:References
765:cephalexin
743:eucalyptol
615:Prevention
340:Prevotella
206:ulceration
173:epithelial
134:Gingivitis
120:tooth loss
70:Gingivitis
25:Gingivitis
4391:Sialocele
4374:Parotitis
4115:Open bite
4110:Crossbite
3888:Cherubism
3858:maxillary
3691:Cementoma
3622:Attrition
3438:Impaction
3406:Fluorosis
3315:Anodontia
3310:Ankylosis
3198:Pemphigus
2818:Glossitis
2713:Cleft lip
2691:Cheilitis
2344:Treatment
2326:Triclosan
2311:Mouthwash
2158:(amoebic)
2090:Infection
2037:Diagnoses
2020:Stippling
1896:eMedicine
1861:SNOMED CT
1634:Bloomberg
1273:206711510
731:triclosan
709:curettage
679:Treatment
672:triclosan
599:Neoplasms
421:Diagnosis
328:Lautropia
284:endotoxin
177:ulcerated
168:stippling
160:halitosis
50:Dentistry
45:Specialty
4401:Sialosis
4352:Lymphoma
4224:Mucocele
4120:Overbite
3873:Agnathia
3834:Teething
3659:alveolus
3655:cementum
3607:Abrasion
3583:Occlusal
3568:Avulsion
3533:Pulpitis
3477:Odontoma
3223:Herpetic
3213:Aphthous
2723:Eclabium
2482:Membrane
2301:Flossing
2286:Brushing
2195:Fremitus
2180:Calculus
1975:Cementum
1866:66383009
1747:17608576
1712:24934383
1549:21154357
1500:15025217
1462:70702223
1454:22161438
1397:29926489
1336:10863370
1265:24423575
1204:23967169
1164:PLOS ONE
1145:11811516
1104:31594986
1028:22096335
977:10875689
783:See also
777:diabetes
629:flossing
625:brushing
489:gingival
416:obesity.
413:drinking
409:diabetes
307:spirilla
276:calculus
90:biofilms
4487:Snoring
4445:Bruxism
4281:Benign:
4130:Overjet
4090:Bruxism
3984:Osteoma
3822:Chronic
3647:gingiva
3121:Benign:
3014:Fibroma
2701:Angular
2696:Actinic
2477:Curette
2382:Surgery
2029:Disease
1985:Gingiva
1953:Anatomy
1844:D005891
1703:7133541
1540:8406707
1195:3743832
1172:Bibcode
1095:6783535
1074:Bibcode
1019:3217279
910:4272039
739:menthol
641:alcohol
448:(GGT),
444:(ALT),
440:(AST),
196:abscess
76:of the
4229:Ranula
3701:Epulis
3563:Trauma
3411:Fusion
3320:Caries
3293:enamel
3289:dentin
2884:Palate
2772:Tongue
2492:Scaler
2473:Tools
2255:Plaque
1890:001056
1745:
1710:
1700:
1547:
1537:
1498:
1460:
1452:
1395:
1334:
1271:
1263:
1202:
1192:
1143:
1102:
1092:
1026:
1016:
975:
937:765622
935:
908:
855:
745:, and
735:thymol
705:plaque
637:saline
465:X-rays
463:using
401:stress
260:plaque
94:plaque
82:ulitis
4606:Other
3281:Teeth
2487:Probe
2173:Other
1855:34517
1833:523.1
1829:523.0
1814:K05.1
1810:K05.0
1767:WebMD
1458:S2CID
1343:(PDF)
1312:(PDF)
1292:[
1269:S2CID
767:, or
295:cocci
286:) or
247:Cause
4568:Noma
4073:and
3856:and
3661:) –
3285:pulp
2680:Lips
1839:MeSH
1824:9-CM
1743:PMID
1708:PMID
1686:2014
1663:2023
1545:PMID
1523:2010
1496:PMID
1450:PMID
1393:PMID
1332:PMID
1261:PMID
1200:PMID
1141:PMID
1100:PMID
1024:PMID
973:PMID
933:PMID
906:PMID
853:ISBN
662:and
627:and
299:rods
297:and
274:and
112:gums
78:gums
1820:ICD
1801:ICD
1735:doi
1698:PMC
1690:doi
1535:PMC
1527:doi
1488:doi
1442:doi
1383:hdl
1373:doi
1324:doi
1253:doi
1190:PMC
1180:doi
1131:doi
1090:PMC
1082:doi
1014:PMC
1004:doi
963:doi
898:doi
719:or
643:or
361:age
4652::
4432:–
4077:–
4069:,
3657:,
3653:,
3649:,
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