217:, a ceremonial structure, made mostly of masonry, featuring jacal walls of sticks and reeds set in mortar in a single row of masonry. The presence of metates are evidence that campsites with slab-lined hearths were inhabited for longer periods. Agricultural structures are not found in the main lower canyon, and no formalized fields are found in the main canyon because of alleviation and slope wash burying. Houses, when found, are mostly sandstone slab with mortar, having one to seven rooms. "Well constructed mealing bins which usually denote permanency were lacking in the Lower Glen Canyon. In contrast, on Cummings Mesa at Surprise Pueblo, there was one entire room devoted to mealing bins…". In the highlands, granaries were near or incorporated into permanent pueblos, compared with smaller ones near temporary sites in the canyon. "Home Base" pueblos in the nearby highlands on Cummings Mesa and Paiute Mesa are believed to have supported temporary farming and hunting parties, who used an extensive trail system in the main canyon which is still in use today.
381:
349:
35:
389:
373:
221:
262:
1252:
27:
1246:
1234:
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293:, farmed the Lower Glen Canyon on a seasonal basis, and gathered raw materials. To prove this thesis of seasonal habitation, criteria such as architectural units, locations of trail systems, occurrence of ceremonial structures, prevalence of burials, and position of natural and cultural strata were investigated. Four types of sites are described in the survey, classified as either open sites situated on rock terraces;
1228:
281:, using National Park research grants, planned an emergency survey of Glen Canyon, which was soon to be flooded by the new Glen Canyon Dam. Between 1958 and 1960, four investigative phases, combined with other surveys prior to 1957, discovered 250 archaeological sites within the canyon. The Lower Glen Canyon survey was completed in 1958.
168:(AD 750–900) remains are found at Rock Creek in Lower Glen Canyon, and in Navajo Canyon. The pottery types are Kana-a Black-on-white, Deadmans Black-on-red, and Kana-a Gray, made from deposits found in Lizard Alcove. Pueblo I is the best documented period of Navajo Canyon, beginning in AD 800 and lasting 200 years. "
313:
panels are found throughout Glen Canyon. "Pecked and incised figures depict mountain sheep, human figures, birds, human handprints and animal tracks. Geometric figures range from circles and spirals to highly complex rectilinear patterns. The human figures have triangular bodies. Painted figures have
192:
Most of the ceramic material found in the main canyon was probably made in the highlands, although it is possible some pottery was manufactured in Lower Glen Canyon. Clay deposits are found along the river, and some crude pottery specimens may have been made there. Only four burials were found in
664:
and many others floated the
Colorado River through the canyon and realized the tremendous resource it was. The experience transformed Brower's attitude towards environmental preservation, making him more radical and less likely to compromise. His experience has been compared to the experience of
252:
There are very few ground stone artifacts, such as manos, metates, and scrapers, found in the main canyon, since these tools are mainly found in the highlands. In the main canyon, a large number of chipped implements, ranging from small arrowheads to large knives, are found. Finished tools, and
157:
is not found in the Lower Glen Canyon, but is documented in Navajo Canyon, a large left bank tributary of the
Colorado River, within the geographical area of the Lower Glen Canyon. Basketmaker III introduced fired pottery, mostly Lino Black-on-gray and Lino Gray, and some small amounts of Lino
396:
The following is a list of geographical and cultural features along the
Colorado River in Glen Canyon. Many of these locations are now partially or entirely submerged beneath the waters of Lake Powell. River mileage is derived from the USGS 1921 Plan and Profile maps. River Mile Zero is at
659:
was built as an alternative to the proposed Echo Park and Split
Mountain dams within Dinosaur National Monument, Glen Canyon lacked any protection as either a National Park or Monument. Without that protection, Glen Canyon Dam was authorized and constructed. In 1962, the Sierra Club's
297:
sites on broken material below cliffs; shelter sites in protected areas under overhanging cliffs; and cliff sites beneath ledges or in caves and canyon walls. Open sites are the majority on both sides of the river. The majority of sites, mostly
248:
gravel beds on the Carmel platforms. Scattered lithic tools and materials indicate workshops of various sizes. There is a lack of siliceous material in the highlands, but tools are found there made from the gravel beds in the river.
730:
Rusho, W. L., ""Bumpy Road For Glen Canyon Dam"", The Bureau of
Reclamation: History Essays from the Centennial Symposium Volumes I and II, Bureau of Reclamation, U.S. Department of the Interior, Denver, Colorado, 2008
760:
Long, Paul V. Jr. Archaeological
Excavations in Lower Glen Canyon, Utah, 1959–1960. Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin No. 42 – Glen Canyon Series No. 7. The Northern Arizona Society of Science and Art (Flagstaff,
196:
Cultural similarities are based on the presence or absence of certain types of ceramic wares. Group types of pottery, including
Kayenta (Tusayan and Tsegi Orange Ware), Virgin (San Juan Red and White Wares), with
209:
types of White and Desert Gray Ware, were found mostly on the right bank of the
Colorado. Basketmaker II is characterized by a lack of pottery, as well as above-ground and underground cists lined with slabs.
182:
is the best documented cultural area in Lower Glen Canyon, corresponding with habitation on
Cummings Mesa. Pottery includes mostly Tusayan varieties, Black-on-white, Black-on-red, and Red Wear Polychromes.
193:
Lower Glen Canyon at three sites. Trash dumps are not very common at most sites. This is more evidence to suggest the seasonal rather than permanent occupation of hunters and farmers in the canyon.
100:, inundating much of Glen Canyon under water hundreds of feet in depth. Contrary to popular belief, Lake Powell was not the result of negotiations over the controversial damming of the
966:
305:
Most of the cultural remains found are chipped stone tools (lithic materials), including projectile points, scrapers, drills, knives, choppers, and ground stone tools and
775:
Marston, Otis R., (2014). "From Powell To Power; A Recounting of the First One
Hundred River Runners Through the Grand Canyon. Flagstaff, Arizona: Vishnu Temple Press
289:
Excavations began during the summer of 1958 on 16 sites. A thesis emerged that prehistoric people living permanently on the highlands south of Glen Canyon and on the
120:
and other organizations renewed the call to dismantle the dam and drain Lake Powell in Lower Glen Canyon. Today, Glen Canyon and Lake Powell are managed by the U.S.
2045:
643:
power generation, many environmentalist groups rallied to prevent the inundation of the largely undeveloped canyons in the upper Colorado River watershed. The
2050:
2040:
793:"Plan and profile of Colorado River, Lees Ferry, Ariz., to mouth of Green River, Utah; San Juan River, mouth to Chinle Creek, Utah; and certain tributaries"
2020:
112:; the Echo Park Dam proposal was abandoned due to nationwide citizen pressure on Congress to do so. The Glen Canyon Dam remains a central issue for modern
240:"Stone tool manufacturing appears to have been an important industry for the entire Glen Canyon region, perhaps one of the major reasons for occupation".
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364:
was employed by mining magnate Julius Stone to design, build, and operate a dredge in an attempt to recover Glen Canyon's flour gold. The effort failed.
141:
Studies indicate a chronology for the Lower Glen Canyon prehistory, "from pre-A.D. 1 to the 15th century and recorded history from 1776 to the present".
930:, information from Glen Canyon Conservancy, the official nonprofit partner of Glen Canyon National Recreation Area and Rainbow Bridge National Monument.
1932:
959:
330:
explorers first documented the existence of Glen Canyon. The expedition members crossed the Colorado River in Glen Canyon at the site now known as the
188:
people from the Jeddito area came into the canyons in the 14th century, represented by Yellow Wares, mostly Jeddito Black-on-yellow, and Jeddito plain.
2055:
1634:
2060:
345:
traveled through Glen Canyon en route to the Grand Canyon, resulting in the first formal surveys of the main channel and many of the side canyons.
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1125:
380:
314:
been reported for both sides of the river.... Petroglyph panels of such quality are lacking from the highland regions adjacent to Glen Canyon".
2015:
2035:
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also documented his experience exploring Glen Canyon from the Colorado River prior to the completion of Glen Canyon Dam in his 1968 memoir
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1937:
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2010:
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34:
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farther downstream, Glen Canyon is part of the immense system of canyons carved by the Colorado River and its tributaries.
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In the 1890s, hundreds of miners panned for flour gold in Glen Canyon. Their main camp was at Dandy Crossing, also called
2005:
1942:
1118:
172:
in Navajo Canyon is represented by the absence of Kana-a Black-on-white and the dominance of Black Mesa Black-on-white".
1907:
1879:
780:
323:
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1472:
844:
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61:, in the United States. Glen Canyon starts where Narrow Canyon ends, at the confluence of the Colorado River and the
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578:
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39:
1819:
1111:
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401:, Arizona; the numbers increase as one travels upstream, ending at Mile 169.6 at the confluence with the
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274:
121:
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1854:
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may have visited upper Glen Canyon by boat. In 1869 and again in 1871, scientific expeditions led by
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732:
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994:
213:
There is very little evidence of permanent occupation except at Talus Ruin, a small pueblo with a
2000:
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491:
361:
331:
146:
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153:
dates from charcoal material span the period between AD 250 and 440 (plus or minus 80 years).
1901:
1545:
1495:
1402:
875:
Eliot Porter (Photographer), Daniel P Beard (Preface), David Brower (Foreword) (Eds., 1997).
810:
708:
228:
639:
In the 1950s, with the proposal of a dam upstream of the Grand Canyon for water storage and
1849:
1695:
1674:
1467:
1392:
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513:
445:
224:
109:
309:(grinders). The collection of sherds are mostly Tusayan Gray Ware and Tusayan White Ware.
8:
1705:
1614:
857:
159:
154:
1947:
1783:
1773:
1735:
1555:
1477:
944:
342:
270:
1500:
1437:
910:
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880:
865:
840:
776:
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656:
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and many other conservation organizations were instrumental in blocking the proposed
422:
402:
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camps, feature lithic garbage or ceramics, or both. Talus sites are rarely recorded.
278:
85:
62:
220:
1824:
1397:
1297:
796:
690:
74:
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1207:
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1020:
673:
in California. For Brower, it steeled him for the 1960s battle over the proposed
634:
610:
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93:
17:
792:
1922:
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1412:
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620:
398:
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179:
70:
54:
1994:
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1963:
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1432:
1427:
1417:
1321:
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290:
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175:
169:
97:
1917:
1829:
1669:
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1035:
989:
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338:
306:
165:
78:
839:. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City, Utah, 1966, republished 1998.
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65:. A small part of the lower end of Glen Canyon extends into northern
26:
927:
1239:
1167:
96:, in the Arizona portion of Glen Canyon near the brand new town of
879:. Publisher: Gibbs Smith, Publisher; Cmv edition (July 21, 2000).
352:
A bend in Glen Canyon of the Colorado River, Grand Canyon, c. 1898
1195:
1153:
733:
https://www.usbr.gov/history/Symposium_2008/Historical_Essays.pdf
253:
possibly blanks taken to the mesa, were probably used for trade.
206:
66:
1214:
1174:
909:, Chapter 12, "Down the River" (1968). Publisher: McGraw-Hill.
50:
1227:
939:
444:
Hite Ferry (Chaffin Ferry, Chaffin Ranch, Dandy Crossing) and
294:
38:
Glen Canyon in 1873, near the confluence of the Colorado and
933:
1188:
214:
185:
58:
360:, after Cass Hite. Between 1898 and 1901, mining engineer
577:
Forbidden Canyon, Aztec Creek and Rainbow Bridge Canyon,
974:
149:(generally AD 50–500) is represented by several sites.
367:
53:
carved by a 169.6-mile (272.9 km) length of the
269:
Around 1956, archaeologists and biologists from the
235:
877:
The Place No One Knew – Glen Canyon on the Colorado
322:The recorded history of the canyon begins with the
1933:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California
862:Ghosts of Glen Canyon: History Beneath Lake Powell
23:Part of the Colorado River in Utah and Arizona, US
1992:
2046:Tourist attractions in Coconino County, Arizona
162:is believed to have lasted later than Pueblo I.
136:
1119:
960:
131:
2051:Tourist attractions in Garfield County, Utah
2041:Tourist attractions in San Juan County, Utah
936:, information from the Glen Canyon Institute
459:Cabin (The Hermitage) and Blue Notch Canyon
116:movements. Beginning in the late 1990s, the
2021:Canyons and gorges of Garfield County, Utah
1928:International Boundary and Water Commission
57:, mostly in southeastern and south-central
1126:
1112:
967:
953:
694:, in the chapter titled "Down the River".
1133:
800:
771:
769:
767:
92:, was created by the construction of the
2056:Tourist attractions in Kane County, Utah
559:Hidden Passage (alt name Narrow Canyon)
387:
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371:
347:
260:
219:
33:
25:
2061:Canyons and gorges of the United States
726:
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1993:
837:Glen Canyon: An Archaeological Summary
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756:
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752:
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748:
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740:
2016:Geography of Coconino County, Arizona
1107:
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2036:Glen Canyon National Recreation Area
1870:Glen Canyon National Recreation Area
976:Glen Canyon National Recreation Area
721:
704:Glen Canyon National Recreation Area
126:Glen Canyon National Recreation Area
737:
502:Bullfrog Creek and Bullfrog Rapid,
158:Fugitive Red and Obelisk Gray. The
13:
2031:Landforms of San Juan County, Utah
1908:Colorado River Board of California
1880:Lake Mead National Recreation Area
851:
628:
467:Ticaboo Creek and Cass Hite grave
368:Geographical and cultural features
317:
14:
2072:
1072:Lee's Ferry and Lonely Dell Ranch
921:
265:Glen Canyon below Glen Canyon Dam
236:Natural resources for tool-making
1478:Gulf of California/Sea of Cortez
1250:
1244:
1238:
1232:
1226:
1041:Rainbow Bridge National Monument
579:Rainbow Bridge National Monument
392:Hidden Passage Canyon, Mile 76.1
2026:Landforms of Kane County, Utah
1820:Colorado River Storage Project
785:
436:and White Canyon Uranium Mill
324:Dominguez–Escalante expedition
284:
256:
1:
2011:Canyons and gorges of Arizona
1815:Colorado–Big Thompson Project
714:
1885:Rocky Mountain National Park
1088:Risks to the Glen Canyon Dam
475:Tapestry Wall (136.3–135.4)
376:Tapestry Wall in Glen Canyon
137:Prehistoric cultural periods
7:
1865:Dead Horse Point State Park
1423:Lower Colorado River Valley
697:
384:Hole in the Rock, Mile 84.4
10:
2077:
2006:Canyons and gorges of Utah
1943:U.S. Bureau of Reclamation
1875:Grand Canyon National Park
1860:Colorado National Monument
864:, revised edition (2009).
653:Dinosaur National Monument
632:
275:Museum of Northern Arizona
132:Before the Glen Canyon Dam
122:Department of the Interior
106:Dinosaur National Monument
15:
1893:
1855:Canyonlands National Park
1842:
1802:
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1688:
1605:
1598:
1486:
1375:
1259:
1224:
1142:
1080:
1049:
1013:
982:
178:(AD 900–1100) and early
16:Not to be confused with
1779:Central Arizona Project
1769:Colorado River Aqueduct
1741:Theodore Roosevelt Lake
1701:Flaming Gorge Reservoir
892:The Glen Canyon Country
590:Crossing of the Fathers
492:Robert Brewster Stanton
362:Robert Brewster Stanton
332:Crossing of the Fathers
147:Late Basketmaker II Era
1977:37.25417°N 110.87833°W
1913:Colorado River Compact
1810:Boulder Canyon Project
1031:Gregory Natural Bridge
818:Cite journal requires
671:Hetch Hetchy Reservoir
539:Hole in the Rock Trail
393:
385:
377:
353:
337:In the 1830s, trapper
326:in 1776, during which
266:
232:
43:
31:
1902:Arizona v. California
1546:Little Colorado River
928:canyonconservancy.org
709:Glen Canyon Institute
391:
383:
375:
351:
264:
223:
37:
29:
1982:37.25417; -110.87833
1850:Arches National Park
1696:Fontenelle Reservoir
1393:Colorado River Basin
1333:Middle Granite Gorge
1093:Wahweap, Lake Powell
1067:Hite Crossing Bridge
858:Crampton, C. Gregory
514:Halls Crossing, Utah
446:Hite Crossing Bridge
225:Hite Crossing Bridge
1973: /
1938:Rapids and features
1706:Blue Mesa Reservoir
1338:Lower Granite Gorge
835:Jennings, Jesse D.
599:Antelope Creek and
414:Points of Interest
160:Basketmaker culture
1948:William Mulholland
1784:All-American Canal
1774:San Diego Aqueduct
1736:Imperial Reservoir
1556:Roaring Fork River
394:
386:
378:
354:
343:John Wesley Powell
271:University of Utah
267:
233:
69:and terminates at
44:
32:
1956:
1955:
1838:
1837:
1501:Dirty Devil River
1438:Palo Verde Valley
1344:Grand Wash Canyon
1289:Horsethief Canyon
1101:
1100:
915:978-0-345-25021-6
900:978-1-60781-134-3
885:978-0-87905-971-2
870:978-0-87480-946-6
675:Marble Canyon Dam
657:Flaming Gorge Dam
626:
625:
423:Dirty Devil River
403:Dirty Devil River
279:Gene Field Foster
242:Cryptocrystalline
63:Dirty Devil River
2068:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1969:
1966:
1843:Designated areas
1825:Grand Valley AVA
1689:Major reservoirs
1603:
1602:
1398:Colorado Plateau
1376:Natural features
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1298:Westwater Canyon
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940:livingrivers.org
907:Desert Solitaire
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802:10.3133/70191006
789:
783:
773:
762:
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735:
728:
691:Desert Solitaire
684:American writer
535:Hole in the Rock
408:
407:
114:environmentalist
75:Vermilion Cliffs
2076:
2075:
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1991:
1990:
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1979:
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1952:
1889:
1834:
1798:
1794:Coachella Canal
1756:
1750:
1746:San Carlos Lake
1684:
1615:Shadow Mountain
1594:
1511:Escalante River
1482:
1473:Montague Island
1463:Imperial Valley
1443:Colorado Desert
1388:Rocky Mountains
1371:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1320:
1303:Cataract Canyon
1285:De Beque Canyon
1280:Glenwood Canyon
1255:
1249:
1243:
1237:
1231:
1222:
1213:
1208:Baja California
1206:
1194:
1187:
1180:
1173:
1166:
1159:
1152:
1138:
1132:
1102:
1097:
1076:
1062:Glen Canyon Dam
1057:Bullfrog Marina
1045:
1021:Cataract Canyon
1009:
983:Bodies of water
978:
973:
924:
905:Abbey, Edward.
890:Fowler, Don D.
854:
852:Further reading
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635:Glen Canyon Dam
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629:Glen Canyon Dam
611:Glen Canyon Dam
601:Antelope Canyon
524:Escalante River
504:Bullfrog Marina
455:Red Canyon and
370:
320:
318:Historic period
287:
259:
244:rocks fill the
238:
155:Basketmaker III
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94:Glen Canyon Dam
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18:Glenwood Canyon
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2001:Colorado River
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1894:Related topics
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1354:Boulder Canyon
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1347:Iceberg Canyon
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1830:Yuma Project
1630:Grand Valley
1575:Virgin River
1521:Fraser River
1383:River course
1359:Black Canyon
1316:Grand Canyon
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1267:Byers Canyon
1036:Music Temple
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662:David Brower
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1980: /
1968:110°52′42″W
1923:Lee's Ferry
1789:Alamo Canal
1764:Grand Ditch
1731:Lake Havasu
1726:Lake Mohave
1716:Lake Powell
1711:Navajo Lake
1640:Glen Canyon
1635:Price-Stubb
1599:Engineering
1551:Paria River
1541:Kanab Creek
1531:Green River
1516:Eagle River
1488:Tributaries
1448:Alamo River
1311:Glen Canyon
1293:Ruby Canyon
1272:Gore Canyon
1026:Glen Canyon
1000:Lake Powell
645:Sierra Club
621:Lee's Ferry
551:confluence
526:confluence
520:88.25 Right
499:120.5 Right
488:121.5 Right
483:Smith Fork
480:132.1 Right
472:136.2 Right
464:148.4 Right
425:confluence
419:169.6 Right
399:Lee's Ferry
285:Excavations
257:Archaeology
246:Pleistocene
151:Radiocarbon
118:Sierra Club
102:Green River
90:Lake Powell
84:In 1963, a
77:. Like the
73:, near the
71:Lee's Ferry
47:Glen Canyon
30:Glen Canyon
1995:Categories
1965:37°15′15″N
1665:Palo Verde
1526:Gila River
1496:Blue River
1458:Salton Sea
1403:Grand Lake
1182:New Mexico
1161:California
1050:Facilities
715:References
585:39.9 Right
556:76.1 Right
531:84.4 Right
457:Bert Loper
452:150.1 Left
430:162.9 Left
411:River Mile
358:Hite, Utah
311:Petroglyph
277:including
203:Mesa Verde
180:Pueblo III
1721:Lake Mead
1625:Windy Gap
1590:RĂo Hardy
1453:New River
1276:Red Gorge
1005:Padre Bay
669:with the
667:John Muir
596:19.7 Left
574:68.6 Left
564:75.8 Left
545:78.0 Left
176:Pueblo II
170:Pueblo II
110:Echo Park
86:reservoir
1670:Imperial
1168:Colorado
894:(2011).
795:. 1921.
698:See also
655:. While
273:and the
40:San Juan
1680:Morelos
1260:Canyons
1203:Mexico
1196:Wyoming
1154:Arizona
1081:Related
1014:Geology
677:in the
494:Dredge
328:Spanish
207:Anasazi
199:Fremont
124:within
104:within
67:Arizona
1757:canals
1675:Laguna
1655:Parker
1645:Hoover
1620:Granby
1215:Sonora
1175:Nevada
1137:system
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201:, and
51:canyon
42:Rivers
1650:Davis
1468:Delta
761:1966)
510:119.0
441:162.3
307:manos
295:talus
1189:Utah
911:ISBN
896:ISBN
881:ISBN
866:ISBN
841:ISBN
824:help
777:ISBN
607:15.5
215:kiva
186:Hopi
98:Page
59:Utah
797:doi
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