1534:
493:
1065:(named after its Italian founder) is made up of representatives of the Permanent Representatives, the European Commission, the General Secretariat of the Council and the European External Action Service, and a member of the Council Legal Service. The Group is responsible for deciding on the organisation of Coreper II proceedings. The meeting, which usually takes place on the morning of the day before Coreper, is chaired by the 'Antici' Presidency.
179:'s unofficial spokesman for European affairs. The Fouchet Plan aimed at restructuring the European Community into a voluntary union of member states with a new headquarters in Paris, and by subjecting EU law to national law. The rejection of the Fouchet Plan by the other 5 member states had far-reaching consequences, such as the vetoing of the UK's entry into the EU, the
2047:(OCSE) is the world's largest security-oriented intergovernmental organisation. Its mandate includes issues such as arms control, human rights, freedom of the press, and fair elections. The OSCE is an ad hoc organisation under the United Nations Charter (Chap. VIII). The EU is not strictly speaking a member of the OCSE, although the Commission president
1139:(ECOFIN) Council as regards the coordination of Member State and Community economic policies. The EPC also provides the commission and the council with advice in this area, focusing particularly on structural reforms. The EPC features a number of sub-working groups on issues such as the economic consequences of ageing etc.
1076:
The "Article 133" committee was set up in the area of the common commercial policy. Since the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty it has been known as the Trade Policy
Committee. After authorisation by the council, the commission is authorised to negotiate conclusions on trade policy with states or
1052:
Also known as 'A Items', these are items of business and decisions which the
Council of Ministers adopts without discussion because they have already been prepared by working groups, Coreper, and in some cases another configuration of the council. They may cover issues unrelated to the Council itself
1635:, governed by the European public law. Each of them has its own juridical personality granted by the EU law. They are typically set up by an act of secondary legislation to deal with a specified narrower field, or to aaccomplish a very specific technical, scientific or managerial task. They include:
149:
An inter-governmental agreement between EU member states on asylum, obliging the country in which an asylum seeker arrives to handle the application for asylum on behalf of all other member states. The objective was to prevent asylum seekers from launching multiple asylum requests. The agreement was
467:
The
Central Financing and Contracting Unit (CFCU) is a body setup in all enlargement candidate countries for the administration of budgets, tendering, contracts, payments, accounting and financial reporting of all procurement contracts for EU funded programmes. It is a body of the government of the
1616:
The
European Administrative School (EAS) came into existence on 10 February 2005. Its aim is to promote cooperation between European Union institutions in the area of training, to support the spread of common values and harmonised professional practices, and to create synergies in the use of human
1286:
The
European Court of Auditors is a body (rather than a true court) established somewhat belatedly after the realisation that, given the huge size of funds circulating within the EU, some oversight was needed to avoid corruption and misuse of money. In particular, the Great Sicilian Olive Scandal
104:
was the agreement between the
European Union and the ten countries (Czech Republic, Estonia, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Malta, Poland, Slovenia, Slovakia), concerning their accession into the EU. It was signed on 16 April 2003 and they became full member states on 1 May 2004 following the
1240:
Homestate regulation is a term used in EU law for cross-border selling or marketing of goods and services. The ruling states that even if a company sells goods or services into the market of another
European country, the company is bound only by the laws of the country where it is based, and will
1089:, and co-ordinates police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters. Additionally, it submits opinions to the council and contributes to the preparation of Council work. It is now officially known as the Coordinating Committee in the area of police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters.
429:
It is also the EU's executive arm, responsible for implementing the decisions of
Parliament and the council, implementing its policies, running its programmes and spending its funds. Like the Parliament and Council, the European Commission was set up in the 1950s under the EU's founding treaties.
96:
was the agreement between the
European Union and four countries (Austria, Finland, Sweden and Norway) concerning their accession to the EU. It was signed on 26 July 1994 and Austria, Finland and Sweden became full member states on 1 January 1995 following the ratification procedures. Norway again
72:
was the agreement between the
European Communities and four countries (Denmark, Ireland, Norway and the United Kingdom) concerning their accession to the EC. It was signed on 22 January 1972 and Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom became full member states on 1 January 1973 following the
1916:
Twinning is the secondment of experts from the European Union institutions to a member state. This is especially used in enlargement matters, to help the candidate member state to acquire the structures, human resources and management skills needed to implement the 'acquis communautaire'.
1967:. The Council of Europe (French: Conseil de l'Europe) is the oldest international organisation working towards European integration, being founded in 1949. It has a particular emphasis on legal standards, human rights, democratic development, the rule of law and cultural co-operation.
37:
set that has developed as a form of shorthand, to quickly express a (formal) EU process, an (informal) institutional working practice, or an EU body, function or decision, and which is commonly understood among EU officials or external people who regularly deal with EU institutions.
1196:, and that the law is equal for everyone. For example, it provides a check on that national courts do not give different rulings on the same issue. The Court also ensures that EU member states and institutions do what the law requires them to do. The Court is located in
1118:
The Economic and Financial Committee (EFC) was introduced with the Maastricht Treaty as part of the EMU (Economic and Monetary Union), and is a committee of senior representatives of member states' finance ministries and central banks, plus representatives of the
88:
was the agreement between the European Communities and two countries (Spain and Portugal) concerning their accession to the EC. It was signed on 12 June 1985 and Spain and Portugal became full member states on 1 January 1986 following the ratification procedures.
1097:
These are the agenda items which the council will discuss. 'Starred B points' are ones where a vote may be taken. 'False B points' are agenda items which would otherwise be 'A points' except that one or more delegations wish to make a statement in the meeting.
614:, which would be led by the president of the European Central Bank and include central bankers from across Europe and some national regulators. The report was ordered by the European Commission President Jose Manuel Barroso and was issued in February 2009.
1265:(Case C-106/89, 13 November 1990, and C-91/92, 14 July 1994) the Court ruled that EU member states must interpret national legislation according to EU directives, even if the directives have not yet been incorporated into the legal code of the country.
158:
The European Conference was the name of the meeting that brought together 10 countries aspiring to join the EU. It met for the first time in London on 12 March 1998, then in Luxembourg on 6 October 1998 and then finally in Brussels on 19 July 1999.
112:
was the agreement between the European Union and two countries (Bulgaria and Romania) concerning their accession to the EU. It was signed on 25 April 2005 and they became full member states on 1 January 2007 following the ratification procedures.
1907:
Third country is the term officially used in EU legislation to refer to a country that is not an EU member, but it is often used more generally to refer to countries that are neither EU member states nor members of the European Economic Area.
730:
is not necessary. The European Union takes action collectively only when Member States' power is insufficient. The principle of subsidiarity applied to the European Union can be summarised as "Europe where necessary, national where possible".
1824:
The Foreign Affairs Council is a formation of the Council of the European Union which discusses foreign affairs matters. It also meets in different sub-formations, such as Defence, Development, or Trade, when discussing specific issues.
785:
1833:
The General Affairs and External Relations Council (GAERC) used to be a formation of the Council of the European Union. It has now been split into two formations: the General Affairs Council (GAC) and the Foreign Affairs Council (FAC)
1127:(ECOFIN) Council, in particular regarding excessive deficit procedures and issues related to the euro. The EFC meets in different compositions according to subjects, and select issues are prepared for the EFC by the alternate members.
3486:
2087:
1626:
1983:(now the European Union). Today only Iceland, Norway, Switzerland, and Liechtenstein remain members of EFTA (of which only Norway and Switzerland are founding members). Three of the EFTA countries are part of the European Union
1580:(OJ) of the European Union is published daily in more than 21 languages. The Publications Office also publishes a range of other titles, both on paper and electronically, on the activities and policies of the European Union.
657:
An EU Directive, administered by the European Commission (Directorate General Internal Market) to regulate payment services and payment service providers throughout the European Union (EU) and European Economic Area (EEA).
120:
was the agreement between the European Union and Croatia concerning its accession to the EU. It was signed on 9 December 2011 and Croatia became a full member state on 1 January 2013 following the ratification procedure.
80:
was the agreement between the European Communities and Greece concerning its accession to the EC. It was signed on 28 May 1979 and Greece became a full member state on 1 January 1981 following the ratification procedure.
1044:– the Committee of Permanent Representatives (Coreper II), and the Committee of Deputy Permanent Representatives (Coreper I). Their work is in turn prepared by various working groups, working parties and committees.
894:
1508:
The European Ombudsman investigates complaints about maladministration in the institutions and bodies of the European Union. The Ombudsman is completely independent and impartial. The current Ombudsman is Ms
450:
A framework presented by the European Commission (July 1997) for the development of the European Union and its policies (especially concerning enlargement and the financial framework) after the year 2000.
1232:(Case 9/74, 3 July 1974), the Court ruled that discrimination against persons in the educational system was illegal. Prior to this ruling, education was not considered covered by the European Treaties.
686:
A rapid reaction measure which can be invoked by a Member State whenever a new member state would fail to live up to its obligations in the areas of the internal market or justice and home affairs.
418:
is independent of national governments and its job is to represent and uphold the interests of the European Union as a whole. It drafts proposals for new European laws, which it presents to the
1107:
678:(EURATOM) and were signed in Rome on 25 March 1957 by the six founding members: Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and West Germany. They entered into force on 1 January 1958.
402:, dealing with cross-border legal arrangements and the abolition of systematic border controls among the participating countries, was created independently of the European Union. However, the
1491:
is the EU assembly of local and regional representatives that provides sub-national authorities (i.e. regions, counties, provinces, municipalities and cities) with a direct voice within the
3930:
1218:
between football clubs (in Eu member states) after the contract for the player has expired. The Court also ruled against quotas for non-nationals within football teams in EU member states.
1495:. Established in 1994, the CoR was set up to acknowledge the significance of the regions, some of which, such as Andalusia, are larger than some Member States, e.g., Malta or Luxembourg.
3935:
1253:(Case 104/81, 26 October 1982), the Court ruled that free trade agreements are directly applicable in all EU member states, and therefore automatically have primacy over national law.
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The Council of Ministers comprises the representatives of each of the 27 member states at Ministerial level, chaired by the President. The work of the council is prepared by the two
3350:
379:
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is an advisory body to the Nordic parliaments and governments, established in 1953, dealing with economic, legislative, social, cultural, environmental and communication policies.
1135:
The Economic Policy Committee (EPC) was set up in 1974 and is made up of representatives of the Member States, the ECB and the commission. The EPC contributes to the work of the
1631:
An agency, an independent body or a joint undertaking, are decentralised EU or Euratom bodies distinct from the EU institutions (Council, Parliament, Commission, etc.) and the
1769:
1805:
1151:(ECOFIN) Council is composed of the Economics and Finance Ministers of the 27 European Union member states, as well as Budget Ministers when budgetary issues are discussed.
554:
who pooled their steel and coal resources and create a common market for those products. It was the predecessor of the European Communities. The ECSC was abolished in 2002.
480:, and since known as the "Checchini Report". Although its growth projections were too optimistic, it nevertheless predicted that the single market would be a great success.
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This is the procedure by which a national court, when in doubt about the interpretation or validity of an EU law, should (or must) ask the Court of Justice for advice.
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1171:
For a decision taken by a qualified majority, any country can ask the council to check that the countries in favour represent at least 62% of the total EU population.
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459:
The body of Community law, as well as all acts adopted under the second and third pillars of the European Union and the common objectives laid down in the Treaties.
1979:(EFTA) is a European trade bloc which was established on 3 May 1960 as an alternative for European states who were either unable to, or chose not to, join the then-
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2858:
1813:
1287:(where satellite photos revealed that there were far fewer Sicilian olive trees than the number of olive tree subsidy claims) spurred the setting up of this body.
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1889:, either at its request or its own initiative, and also monitors the implementation of agreed policies. It is supported by the Political-Military Group (PMG)
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and has met every 6 months since 1989. It consists of representatives of the committees of the national parliaments dealing with European Union affairs and 6
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candidate country, and not of the European Commission. However, the EC representation in the candidate country receives regular reports on its activities.
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1032:. Notably, the report contained proposals for direct elections to the European Parliament, the Monetary Union and the Common Foreign and Security policy.
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in 2013. She was re-appointed in 2014 and 2019. Her current term expires in December 2024. The Parliament elected the first European Ombudsman in 1995.
1424:
set the group's broad policy goals and oversee the two principal decision-making bodies of the EIB: the board of governors and the board of directors.
1110:(CARDS) programme is the EU's main instrument of financial assistance to the Western Balkans, and was created in 2000 by Council Regulation 2666/2000.
968:
1339:
in 1969, the Heads of State and Government of the EC agreed to prepare a plan for the creation of an economic and monetary union. In October 1970 the
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was the solemn declaration calling for the creation of the European Union and signed by the then 10 heads of state and governments on 19 June 1983.
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incorporated the developments brought about by the agreement into the European Union framework, effectively making the agreement part of the EU.
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The Office for Official Publications of the European Communities (Publications Office) is the publishing house of the European Union (EU).
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of March 1999 for increasing pre-accession aid in the field of transport and environment to European Union accession candidate countries.
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in March 1999 to aid the countries of central and eastern Europe in the areas of agricultural and rural development. It supplemented the
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are different from the legislative acts. Under the CFSP they consist of "common positions", "joint actions" and "common strategies".
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are different from the legislative acts. Under the CFSP they consist of "common positions", "joint actions" and "common strategies".
1688:
are different from the legislative acts. Under the CFSP they consist of "common positions", "joint actions" and "common strategies".
1477:. While it has undoubtedly performed good works in its time, the EESC has arguably outlived its usefulness and should be dismantled.
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The Parliament's Science and Technology Options Assessment unit, whose work is carried out in partnership with external experts.
796:, and is headed by two vice-presidents responsible for relations with the national parliaments. It discusses the major topics of
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1720:, but differs in that it falls under the jurisdiction of the European Union itself, including countries with no ties to NATO.
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Members of the Antici Group also take notes of the discussions by heads of state or government at European Council meetings.
841:
1592:. It was created on 26 July 2002, beginning work in 2003, to organise open competitions for highly skilled positions within
524:
137:. The criteria require that a state have the institutions to preserve democratic governance and human rights, a functioning
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370:(PHARE) programme was created in 1989 to assist Poland and Hungary in their preparations for joining the European Union.
748:
is the only directly elected body of the European Union, with elections every five years. Its main meetings are held in
610:, calls for an overhaul of Europe's financial-regulation system. It proposes the creation of a regional supervisor, the
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ratification procedures. Norway did not ratify the treaty after it was rejected in a referendum held in September 1972.
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e.g. Health and Safety 'A' points can be passed by the Fisheries Council. This is because the council is indivisible.
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In 1988, a study called "The Costs of Non-Europe" was commissioned to evaluate the gains achieved from creating the
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1991:(EEA), which took effect in 1994; the fourth, Switzerland, opted to conclude bilateral agreements with the EU.
1959:(CoE) is not related to the European Union (EU). For the two EU institutions that go by similar names, see the
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1736:. The intention was to form a pan-European defence force as an alternative to Germany's proposed accession to
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1800:(EUMS) is a department of the European Union, responsible for supervising operations within the realm of the
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1605:
761:
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Once known by the acronym "EcoSoc", the body is now referred to as the "EESC", to avoid confusions with the
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was presented, drawn up by a working group chaired by Luxembourg's president and Minister for the Treasury,
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international organisations. During such negotiations, the Commission consults the Trade Policy Committee.
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1881:
A Political and Security Committee (PSC) monitors the international situation in the areas covered by the
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1980:
1945:
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Europe Agreement is the common name of the Accession Agreement that implies prospects for EU membership.
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in 1963, and established a process of reconciliation for ending the rivalry between France and Germany.
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1447:(EU) established in 1958. It is an advisory assembly composed of "social partners", namely: employers (
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Area of Freedom, Security and Justice agencies (formerly known as agencies under the Third Pillar)
306:
European Council in December 1997 authorised accession negotiations with six candidate countries:
210:
European Council in December 1999 authorised accession negotiations with six candidate countries:
4000:
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3753:
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2019:. The court hears applications alleging that a contracting state has breached one or more of the
1784:. (Not to be confused with the former racism monitoring centre, also EUMC, now subsumed into the
2288:
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Common Foreign and Security Policy agencies (formerly known as agencies under the Second Pillar)
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Overseas Countries and Territories (OCT), beneficiaries of the European Development Fund (EDF).
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enumerated in the convention or its optional protocols to which a member state is a party. The
1988:
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974:
934:
539:
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1780:. The EUMC gives military advice to the PSC and the high representative. It also oversees the
582:
is the main instrument for European Community aid for development cooperation in the African,
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1712:(CSDP), formerly the European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP), is a major element of the
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768:. The Parliament and Council also share joint responsibility for approving the EU's annual
8:
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Agencies, independent bodies and joint undertakings of the European Union and the Euratom
2008:
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Agencies, independent bodies and joint undertakings of the European Union and the Euratom
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765:
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772:. The Parliament has the power to dismiss the European Commission, and it appoints the
702:
establishing ECC, and aimed at creating the Single European Market by 31 December 1992.
630:, Italy, in 1955 and discussed the subject of a customs union. The conference entrusted
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3394:
3173:
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1347:. However, for several reasons, the monetary union failed at this stage, mainly due to
773:
623:
399:
2317:
European Court of Human Rights: Implementing Strasbourg's Judgments on Domestic Policy
2051:
signed the Charter of Paris for a New Europe (1990), which is the origin of the OCSE.
1946:
Organisations that are not part of the European Union institutions, bodies or agencies
1163:
fulfils the same role as Antici for Coreper I (Deputies). It was established in 1993.
2726:
2321:
2012:
1956:
1510:
1455:) and representatives of various other interests. Its seat, which it shares with the
563:
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countries. A treaty was signed on 27 May 1952, but the plan never went into effect.
1732:, the French Prime Minister, in response to the American call for the rearmament of
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1964:
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and Pacific countries (ACP), beneficiaries of the European Development Fund (EDF).
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282:) that extended the lifespan of the national veto beyond what was foreseen in the
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so-called community agencies (formerly known as agencies under the First Pillar)
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and Pacific countries, as well as the Overseas Countries and Territories (OCT).
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1716:
pillar of the European Union (EU). The CSDP is the successor of the ESDI under
1588:
The European Personnel Selection Office (EPSO) is a recruitment office for the
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1471:
1384:
1376:
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17:
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1214:(Case C-415/93, 15 December 1995), the Court ruled against the application of
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1933:, Cameroon in 1963, between the European Community and 17 African States and
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thus not have to be aware of the national laws in all the EU member states.
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2020:
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726:
is that decisions are retained by Member States if the intervention of the
562:
The Élysée Treaty also known as the Treaty of Friendship, was concluded by
543:
168:
2337:
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Decentralised bodies (agencies, independent bodies and joint undertakings)
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with the creation of a report that eventually led to the creation of 1957
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34:
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Community Assistance for Reconstruction, Development, and Stabilisation
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on 8 April 1965 and in force from 1 July 1967, provided for a single
215:
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The European Defence Community (EDC) was a plan proposed in 1950 by
246:
has since put an end to what was agreed in the Ioannina compromise.
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is also referred to by the initials "ECHR". The court is based in
141:, and that the state accept the obligations and intent of the EU.
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Special Accession Programme for Agriculture and Rural Development
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of the EU, the EIB uses its financing operations to bring about
368:
Poland and Hungary: Assistance for Restructuring their Economies
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2032:
1858:
was a plan proposed in 1950 by the French premier at the time,
1420:. As the shareholders of its parent institution (the EIB), the
825:
769:
322:. These countries are therefore known as the "Luxembourg six".
307:
30:
1770:
High Representative for the Common Foreign and Security Policy
1744:. The EDC was to include West Germany, France, Italy, and the
1354:
1028:
A report written in 1975 by the former Belgian Prime Minister
734:
1929:, and Association Agreement valid for 5 years, was signed in
1806:
High Representative of the Common Foreign and Security Policy
387:
367:
226:. These countries are therefore known as the "Helsinki six".
1564:
Office for Official Publications of the European Communities
1290:
606:, issued by a panel led by the former French central banker
286:. It originated from the "empty chair crisis" instigated by
41:
3309:
1737:
1717:
1276:
1174:
133:
are the rules that define whether a country is eligible to
3487:
European Judicial Network in civil and commercial matters
2114:"Subsidiarity and proportionality HLG on Simplification"
1814:
General Secretariat of the Council of the European Union
1399:
and social cohesion. It should not be confused with the
786:
Conference of Parliamentary Committees for Union Affairs
1804:. It is directly attached to the private office of the
1768:(EUMC) is a department of military officials under the
1327:
to prevent large fluctuations relative to one another.
1315:(EMS) was an arrangement established in 1979 under the
1000:
Since the adoption of the Maastricht Treaty, temporary
294:
was used far less often and Unanimity became the norm.
2477:
International Authority for the Ruhr (1949–1951)
1524:
1674:
1123:
and the commission. The EFC prepares the work of the
1004:
may also be set up by a vote of Parliament (e.g., on
992:
EQUI – Crisis of the Equitable Life Assurance Society
2535:
European Monetary Cooperation Fund (1973–1994)
2201:
2045:
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
256:
Instrument for Structural Policies for Pre-Accession
97:
failed to join because its referendum did not pass.
2567:
European Financial Stability Mechanism (2010–
2482:
European Coal and Steel Community (1951–2002)
1893:
Police and Judicial Cooperation in criminal matters
2558:European Financial Stability Facility (2010–
1842:The legal instruments used by the council for the
1696:The legal instruments used by the council for the
1684:The legal instruments used by the council for the
1383:lending institution established in 1958 under the
1192:is interpreted and applied in the same way in all
2240:
1994:
1611:
234:An informal meeting of foreign ministers held in
150:reached in 1990 but became binding only in 1997.
3992:
2246:
1035:
3931:Largest cities by population within city limits
1085:This committee was set up by Article 36 of the
1885:and contributes by delivering opinions to the
1080:
764:, it considers legislative proposals from the
760:from the 27 Member States and, along with the
2540:European Monetary Institute (1994–1998)
2495:European Economic Community (1958–1993)
2353:
1911:
1498:
1281:
2513:European Atomic Energy Community (est. 1958)
1200:and has one judge from each member country.
897:– Environment, Public Health and Food Safety
525:Subsidiarity (European Union)#EU competences
238:, Greece, on 29 March 1994, which discussed
2367:
1355:European Investment Bank Group institutions
1012:, Echelon, Human Genetics, Safety at Sea).
959:– Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs
735:The European Union legislative institutions
242:decision making and the national veto. The
3214:Mechanism for Cooperation and Verification
2360:
2346:
2313:
2224:. Eib.org. 17 October 2011. Archived from
1897:
698:(SEA) was the first major revision of the
1291:The European Union financial institutions
913:– Internal Market and Consumer Protection
42:The European Union executive institutions
3668:European Structural and Investment Funds
3590:European System of Financial Supervision
2455:Western European Union (1954–2011)
1295:
1277:The European Union auditing institutions
1175:The European Union judicial institutions
1071:
705:
346:of the then three European Communities (
274:was a compromise (not recognised by the
265:
1235:
846:
800:. COSAC is not a decision-making body.
454:
382:(SAPARD) was established by the Berlin
3993:
3132:European Economic and Social Committee
2941:Court of Justice of the European Union
2465:European Communities (1967–2009)
2249:"The EESC and COR should be abolished"
1440:European Economic and Social Committee
828:exists when at least one-third of the
739:
689:
597:
409:
229:
153:
124:
3769:Stabilisation and Association Process
3466:Area of freedom, security and justice
2341:
2083:Advisory bodies to the European Union
2054:
1920:
1268:
835:
617:
393:
3764:European Union Association Agreement
2500:European Community (1993–2009)
1950:
1691:
1528:
1166:
971:– Women's Rights and Gender Equality
931:– Agricultural and Rural Development
487:
144:
3093:European Data Protection Supervisor
2395:Ideas of European unity before 1948
2066:
2025:European Convention on Human Rights
2017:European Convention on Human Rights
1525:European Data Protection Supervisor
1023:
681:
589:
471:
63:
52:
13:
3789:EU Strategy for the South Caucasus
3529:Common Security and Defence Policy
3524:Common Foreign and Security Policy
2289:"Emily O'Reilly: CURRICULUM VITAE"
2222:"FAQ – Structure and Organisation"
2078:Institutions of the European Union
1883:Common Foreign and Security Policy
1802:Common Security and Defence Policy
1778:Common Foreign and Security Policy
1714:Common Foreign and Security Policy
1710:Common Security and Defence Policy
1679:
1675:Common Foreign and Security Policy
1427:
1416:The EIB Group is a publicly owned
1387:. As a "policy-driven bank" whose
1256:
1244:
1221:
724:subsidiarity in the European Union
190:
14:
4017:
3558:Economic and Monetary Union (EMU)
3155:European Union Military Committee
3127:European Committee of the Regions
2314:Anagnostou, Dia (30 April 2013).
2112:, Netherlands (24 January 2017).
1963:(known as "the Council") and the
1766:European Union Military Committee
1659:five independent bodies of the EU
1488:European Committee of the Regions
810:Bureau of the European Parliament
536:European Coal and Steel Community
348:European Coal and Steel Community
297:
258:(ISPA) was created by the Berlin
3534:Permanent Structured Cooperation
3150:Political and Security Committee
3037:European Atomic Energy Community
2208:FAQ – Structure and Organisation
1902:
1774:Political and Security Committee
1532:
1154:
816:for a two and a half-year term.
676:European Atomic Energy Community
557:
491:
325:
3936:National parties by affiliation
3779:Euronest Parliamentary Assembly
3759:Economic Partnership Agreements
2450:Western Union (1948–1954)
2307:
2281:
1977:European Free Trade Association
1837:
1203:
907:– Industry, Research and Energy
891:– Employment and Social Affairs
885:– Economic and Monetary Affairs
717:
201:
162:
3941:Presidents of the institutions
3737:European Higher Education Area
3315:International status and usage
3109:Agencies of the European Union
2842:European political foundations
2320:. Edinburgh University Press.
2259:
2214:
2195:
2177:
2159:
2141:
2123:
2102:
2001:European Court of Human Rights
1995:European Court of Human Rights
1849:
1812:, and is formally part of the
1776:(PSC) of the European Union's
1612:European Administrative School
1361:European Investment Bank Group
1330:
1149:Economic and Financial Affairs
1137:Economic and Financial Affairs
1125:Economic and Financial Affairs
661:
612:European Systemic Risk Council
445:
1:
3732:European Common Aviation Area
3187:Charter of Fundamental Rights
3160:European Union Military Staff
3060:European University Institute
2849:Council of the European Union
2267:"Summaries of EU legislation"
2095:
1961:Council of the European Union
1798:European Union Military Staff
1782:European Union Military Staff
1418:international financial group
1036:Council of the European Union
812:. The Parliament elects five
483:
3727:European Political Community
3573:European Banking Supervision
3065:European Stability Mechanism
2073:Bodies of the European Union
1503:
1493:EU's institutional framework
840:The European Parliament has
832:are present in the chamber.
649:
7:
3799:Union for the Mediterranean
3578:Single Resolution Mechanism
3517:Vehicle registration plates
3471:Migration and asylum policy
3450:Potential superpower status
1987:through the Agreement on a
1981:European Economic Community
1940:
1321:European Economic Community
1317:Jenkins European Commission
1092:
1081:Article 36 Committee (CATS)
1047:
803:
752:, with plenary sessions in
672:European Economic Community
542:. Its members were France,
352:European Economic Community
48:European Union institutions
10:
4022:
3742:EU/ESA Framework Agreement
3440:Differentiated integration
3006:European Court of Auditors
2837:European political parties
2202:European Investment Bank.
1912:Twin towns – Sister cities
1871:European Defence Community
1639:decentralised EU agencies
1624:
1499:Inter-institutional bodies
1445:body of the European Union
1335:At the European Summit in
1319:where most nations in the
1282:European Court of Auditors
848:
808:An advisory member of the
538:(ECSC) was founded by the
290:, and its effect was that
194:
56:
45:
3959:
3911:
3859:House of European History
3847:
3838:
3693:
3481:European Judicial Network
3458:
3372:
3363:
3351:Health expense per person
3280:
3271:
3172:
3140:
3117:
3101:
3078:
3025:
2998:Supreme audit institution
2996:
2961:
2931:
2874:
2785:
2776:
2767:
2692:
2683:
2641:
2583:
2548:
2525:
2508:
2490:
2472:
2463:
2440:
2433:
2385:
2376:
1786:Fundamental Rights Agency
1617:and financial resources.
1513:. O'Reilly was appointed
1142:
1056:
830:Members of the Parliament
819:
580:European Development Fund
373:
292:Qualified Majority Voting
280:European Court of Justice
105:ratification procedures.
3050:European Investment Fund
3045:European Investment Bank
2131:"Coreper II – Consilium"
1828:
1457:Committee of the Regions
1449:employers' organisations
1408:European Investment Fund
1373:European Investment Bank
1313:European Monetary System
1101:
965:– Constitutional Affairs
790:French National Assembly
779:
361:
118:Treaty of Accession 2011
110:Treaty of Accession 2005
102:Treaty of Accession 2003
94:Treaty of Accession 1994
86:Treaty of Accession 1985
78:Treaty of Accession 1979
70:Treaty of Accession 1972
3754:European Peace Facility
2981:System of Central Banks
2185:"Mertens group – EUabc"
2167:"Coreper I – Consilium"
2038:
1970:
1898:International relations
1791:
1759:
1751:
1703:
1583:
1461:Jacques Delors building
1432:
1015:
943:– Culture and Education
919:– Transport and Tourism
529:
462:
249:
135:join the European Union
4006:Glossaries of politics
3864:2012 Nobel Peace Prize
3710:European Economic Area
3568:European banking union
3445:Privileged partnership
3300:Government procurement
2253:europeanfoundation.org
2247:The European Journal.
2149:"Antici group – EUabc"
1989:European Economic Area
1876:
1819:
1723:
1590:European Civil Service
1541:This section is empty.
1480:
1463:on 99 Rue Belliard in
1306:
1179:
1130:
1113:
989:– Security and Defence
925:– Regional Development
842:23 standing committees
641:
573:
540:Treaty of Paris (1951)
478:European Single Market
433:
3809:Free trade agreements
3651:Health Insurance Card
3585:Capital Markets Union
3435:Democratic legitimacy
3405:Optimum currency area
3226:Legislative procedure
2971:European Central Bank
2015:which interprets the
1653:executive EU agencies
1571:
1401:European Central Bank
1302:European Central Bank
1296:European Central Bank
1072:Article 133 Committee
1002:Committees of Inquiry
867:– International Trade
756:. The Parliament has
712:Stuttgart Declaration
706:Stuttgart Declaration
550:, Luxembourg and the
272:Luxembourg compromise
266:Luxembourg compromise
185:Luxembourg compromise
3921:Books on the subject
3784:EU Gateway Programme
3747:EU/ESA Space Council
3705:Neighbourhood Policy
3663:Regional development
3629:Environmental policy
3619:Educational policies
3546:Neighbourhood Policy
3390:Intergovernmentalism
3380:European integration
3295:Community preference
3246:Enhanced cooperation
3231:Citizens' Initiative
3070:Unified Patent Court
2921:Directorates-General
2712:Environmental issues
2110:European Social Fund
1887:Council of Ministers
1397:European integration
1236:Homestate regulation
798:European integration
788:was proposed by the
608:Jacques de Larosière
455:Acquis Communautaire
3946:Terrorist incidents
3774:Eastern Partnership
3715:EEA Joint Committee
3634:European Green Deal
3604:Agricultural policy
3410:Supranational union
2901:European Commission
2859:General Secretariat
2795:European Parliament
2750:Special territories
2550:Financial stability
2295:. 18 September 2019
2293:ombudsman.europa.eu
2171:consilium.europa.eu
2135:consilium.europa.eu
2009:international court
1662:joint undertakings
1598:European Commission
1519:European Parliament
1323:(EEC) linked their
879:– Budgetary Control
766:European Commission
746:European Parliament
740:European Parliament
696:Single European Act
690:Single European Act
604:de Larosière report
598:de Larosière report
420:European Parliament
416:European Commission
410:European Commission
404:Treaty of Amsterdam
288:President De Gaulle
276:European Commission
230:Ioannina Compromise
154:European Conference
131:Copenhagen criteria
125:Copenhagen criteria
3794:Northern Dimension
3541:Enlargement Policy
3483:(criminal matters)
3395:Multi-speed Europe
3088:European Ombudsman
2744:(first-level NUTS)
2727:Larger urban zones
2204:"What Is the EIB?"
2055:The Nordic Council
2003:also known as the
1927:Yaoundé Convention
1921:Yaoundé Convention
1633:EU advisory bodies
1515:European Ombudsman
1443:is a consultative
1269:Preliminary ruling
836:Standing Committee
774:European Ombudsman
624:Messina Conference
618:Messina Conference
503:. You can help by
400:Schengen Agreement
394:Schengen Agreement
181:empty chair crisis
3988:
3987:
3907:
3906:
3894:Telephone numbers
3834:
3833:
3609:Cultural policies
3359:
3358:
3346:Unemployment rate
3168:
3167:
3028:international-law
3021:
3020:
3011:Secretary-General
2763:
2762:
2722:Geographic centre
2679:
2678:
2579:
2578:
2521:
2520:
2327:978-0-7486-7058-1
2228:on 5 January 2013
2013:Council of Europe
1957:Council of Europe
1951:Council of Europe
1692:Common Strategies
1561:
1560:
1412:the EIB Institute
1167:Population Filter
998:
997:
855:– Foreign Affairs
722:The principle of
564:Charles de Gaulle
521:
520:
177:Charles De Gaulle
173:Christian Fouchet
145:Dublin Convention
4013:
3968:
3845:
3844:
3722:Energy Community
3641:Fisheries policy
3400:Neofunctionalism
3370:
3369:
3278:
3277:
3220:Official Journal
3207:Citizens' Rights
2946:Court of Justice
2884:European Council
2832:Political groups
2783:
2782:
2774:
2773:
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2127:
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2106:
2067:Related articles
2005:Strasbourg Court
1965:European Council
1656:Euratom agencies
1578:Official Journal
1556:
1553:
1543:You can help by
1536:
1529:
1422:EU member states
1186:Court of Justice
1024:Tindemans report
847:
682:Safeguard Clause
670:established the
668:Treaties of Rome
632:Paul-Henri Spaak
590:Europe Agreement
516:
513:
495:
488:
472:Checchini Report
384:European Council
260:European Council
171:was drawn up by
64:Accession Treaty
59:European Council
53:European Council
4021:
4020:
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4012:
4011:
4010:
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3984:
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3955:
3903:
3884:Public holidays
3830:
3804:Global Strategy
3696:
3689:
3658:Labour mobility
3551:Global Strategy
3512:Driving licence
3454:
3430:Pro-Europeanism
3355:
3267:
3192:Competition law
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3119:
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3097:
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2957:
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2911:Vice-Presidents
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2805:Vice-Presidents
2759:
2743:
2737:Protected areas
2707:External border
2675:
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2420:1993–2004
2415:1973–1993
2410:1958–1972
2405:1948–1957
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1985:Internal Market
1973:
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1948:
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1680:Common Position
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1594:EU institutions
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1574:
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1428:Advisory bodies
1357:
1349:1973 oil crisis
1333:
1309:
1298:
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1279:
1271:
1263:Marleasing case
1259:
1257:Marleasing case
1251:Kupferberg case
1247:
1245:Kupferberg case
1238:
1229:Casagrande case
1224:
1222:Casagrande case
1206:
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1145:
1133:
1116:
1104:
1095:
1083:
1074:
1059:
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1038:
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1018:
949:– Legal Affairs
838:
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568:Konrad Adenauer
560:
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501:needs expansion
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191:Gymnich meeting
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66:
61:
55:
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44:
12:
11:
5:
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4001:European Union
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3891:
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3881:
3876:
3871:
3869:Laissez-passer
3866:
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3848:
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3819:Current agenda
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3678:Sport policies
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3425:Federalisation
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3415:Euroscepticism
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2717:Extreme points
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2442:Defence policy
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2061:Nordic Council
2056:
2053:
2049:Jacques Delors
2040:
2037:
1996:
1993:
1972:
1969:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1922:
1919:
1913:
1910:
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1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1668:of the Euratom
1666:
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1643:
1625:Main article:
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1582:
1573:
1570:
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1526:
1523:
1511:Emily O'Reilly
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1482:
1479:
1472:United Nations
1451:), employees (
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1414:
1413:
1410:
1404:
1385:Treaty of Rome
1377:European Union
1367:) consists of
1356:
1353:
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1329:
1308:
1305:
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1216:transfer rules
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1034:
1025:
1022:
1017:
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1006:Climate Change
996:
995:
994:
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984:
983:– Human Rights
978:
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719:
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700:Treaty of Rome
691:
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674:(EEC) and the
663:
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636:Treaty of Rome
619:
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327:
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316:Czech Republic
314:, Poland, the
299:
298:Luxembourg six
296:
284:Treaty of Rome
267:
264:
251:
248:
244:Treaty of Nice
231:
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203:
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195:Main article:
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139:market economy
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57:Main article:
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18:European Union
9:
6:
4:
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3624:Energy policy
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3599:Single market
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3502:identity card
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3197:Copyright law
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2951:General Court
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2942:
2939:
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2916:Commissioners
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2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2732:Member states
2730:
2728:
2725:
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2089:
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2074:
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2070:
2064:
2062:
2052:
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2046:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1992:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1968:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1918:
1909:
1903:Third country
1890:
1888:
1884:
1874:
1872:
1869:as part of a
1868:
1867:European Army
1865:
1864:supranational
1861:
1857:
1847:
1845:
1835:
1826:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1810:Josep Borrell
1807:
1803:
1799:
1789:
1787:
1783:
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1749:
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1552:February 2012
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1402:
1398:
1394:
1393:member states
1390:
1386:
1382:
1379:'s nonprofit
1378:
1374:
1370:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1352:
1350:
1346:
1345:Pierre Werner
1342:
1341:Werner Report
1338:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1304:
1303:
1288:
1274:
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1264:
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1231:
1230:
1219:
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1213:
1212:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1188:ensures that
1187:
1172:
1164:
1162:
1161:Mertens Group
1155:Mertens Group
1152:
1150:
1140:
1138:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1111:
1109:
1099:
1090:
1088:
1078:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1054:
1045:
1043:
1033:
1031:
1030:Leo Tindemans
1021:
1013:
1011:
1008:, transport,
1007:
1003:
991:
988:
985:
982:
979:
976:
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902:
901:
896:
893:
890:
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878:
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869:
866:
863:
861:– Development
860:
857:
854:
851:
850:
849:
845:
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833:
831:
827:
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811:
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673:
669:
659:
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633:
629:
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605:
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571:
569:
565:
558:Élysée Treaty
555:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
527:
526:
515:
506:
502:
499:This section
497:
494:
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359:
357:
353:
349:
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342:and a single
341:
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332:Merger Treaty
326:Merger Treaty
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82:
79:
74:
71:
60:
49:
39:
36:
32:
28:
24:
20:
19:
3851:
3673:Space policy
3341:Average wage
3336:Minimum wage
3219:
2963:Central bank
2778:Institutions
2702:Demographics
2585:Enlargements
2568:
2559:
2527:Central bank
2434:Predecessors
2316:
2309:
2297:. Retrieved
2292:
2283:
2271:. Retrieved
2261:
2252:
2242:
2230:. Retrieved
2226:the original
2216:
2207:
2197:
2189:en.euabc.com
2188:
2179:
2170:
2161:
2153:en.euabc.com
2152:
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2125:
2104:
2058:
2042:
2021:human rights
2004:
1998:
1974:
1954:
1924:
1915:
1906:
1880:
1853:
1841:
1838:Joint Action
1832:
1823:
1808:, currently
1795:
1763:
1755:
1734:West Germany
1727:
1707:
1695:
1683:
1630:
1615:
1596:such as the
1587:
1575:
1567:
1549:
1545:adding to it
1540:
1507:
1486:
1484:
1469:
1453:trade unions
1438:
1436:
1415:
1389:shareholders
1375:(EIB) - the
1364:
1360:
1358:
1334:
1310:
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1211:Bosmans case
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1204:Bosmans case
1194:EU countries
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1063:Antici Group
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334:, signed in
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202:Helsinki six
169:Fouchet Plan
166:
163:Fouchet Plan
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3951:Urban areas
3814:Enlargement
3492:Citizenship
3241:LGBT rights
3079:Independent
2894:Euro summit
2810:Secretariat
2787:Legislature
2643:Withdrawals
2299:1 September
1860:René Pleven
1856:Pleven Plan
1850:Pleven Plan
1742:Soviet bloc
1730:René Pleven
1331:Werner Plan
977:– Petitions
937:– Fisheries
662:Rome Treaty
552:Netherlands
512:August 2020
446:Agenda 2000
310:, Estonia,
35:terminology
3995:Categories
3926:Directives
3824:Statistics
3646:Healthcare
3385:Eurosphere
3290:Currencies
3261:Withdrawal
3236:Regulation
3041:EIB Group
2986:Eurosystem
2854:Presidency
2815:Committees
2755:Statistics
2425:Since 2004
2096:References
2029:Strasbourg
1935:Madagascar
1602:Parliament
1325:currencies
1198:Luxembourg
754:Strasbourg
484:Competence
340:Commission
304:Luxembourg
214:, Latvia,
183:, and the
3874:Languages
3853:Douzelage
3697:relations
3497:passports
3420:Euromyths
3324:Transport
3202:Directive
3030:EU bodies
2976:President
2933:Judiciary
2906:President
2889:President
2876:Executive
2864:Eurogroup
2820:Elections
2800:President
2697:Geography
2685:Geography
2232:7 January
1756:See CSDP
1665:of the EU
1504:Ombudsman
1459:, is the
1381:long-term
1365:EIB Group
1337:The Hague
1087:EU Treaty
873:– Budgets
814:Quaestors
584:Caribbean
546:, Italy,
440:Caribbean
438:African,
390:program.
218:, Malta,
216:Lithuania
3975:Category
3889:Religion
3695:Foreign
3683:VAT Area
3563:Eurozone
3459:Policies
3373:Concepts
3365:Politics
3305:Eurozone
3256:opt-outs
3251:Treaties
3141:Military
3118:Advisory
3102:Agencies
2742:Regions
2400:Founders
2387:Timeline
2269:. Europa
2007:, is an
1941:See also
1772:and the
1465:Brussels
1391:are the
1093:B Points
1048:A Points
1042:Corepers
804:Quaestor
750:Brussels
422:and the
336:Brussels
320:Slovenia
278:nor the
236:Ioannina
224:Slovakia
212:Bulgaria
208:Helsinki
27:acronyms
3966:Outline
3899:Symbols
3840:Culture
3329:TRACECA
3273:Economy
3081:offices
2378:History
2273:12 June
2011:of the
1931:Yaoundé
1746:Benelux
1606:Council
1517:by the
1261:In the
1249:In the
1226:In the
1208:In the
762:Council
628:Messina
548:Belgium
424:Council
356:Euratom
344:Council
312:Hungary
240:Council
220:Romania
3980:Portal
3285:Budget
3182:Acquis
3143:bodies
3120:bodies
2769:Bodies
2324:
2033:France
1475:ECOSOC
1190:EU law
1143:ECOFIN
1057:Antici
826:quorum
820:Quorum
770:budget
653:, PSD2
374:SAPARD
308:Cyprus
33:are a
31:jargon
29:, and
3913:Lists
3026:Other
2117:(PDF)
1829:GAERC
1102:CARDS
780:COSAC
388:PHARE
362:PHARE
3506:list
3310:Euro
2671:2020
2666:2012
2661:1985
2656:1984
2651:1962
2633:2013
2628:2007
2623:2004
2618:1995
2613:1990
2608:1986
2603:1981
2598:1973
2593:1954
2569:2012
2560:2012
2322:ISBN
2301:2021
2275:2013
2234:2013
2059:The
2043:The
2039:OSCE
1999:The
1975:The
1971:EFTA
1955:The
1925:The
1854:The
1844:CFSP
1796:The
1792:EUMS
1764:The
1760:EUMC
1752:ESDP
1738:NATO
1718:NATO
1708:The
1704:CSDP
1698:CFSP
1686:CFSP
1584:EPSO
1576:The
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1433:EESC
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1371:the
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987:SEDE
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969:FEMM
963:AFCO
957:LIBE
947:JURI
941:CULT
935:PECH
929:AGRI
923:REGI
917:TRAN
911:IMCO
905:ITRE
895:ENVI
889:EMPL
883:ECON
877:CONT
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853:AFET
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744:The
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