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as blackbacks, may serve as backup protection. Blackbacks are aged between 8 and 12 years and lack the silver back hair. The bond that a silverback has with his females forms the core of gorilla social life. Bonds between them are maintained by grooming and staying close together. Females form strong relationships with males to gain mating opportunities and protection from predators and infanticidal outside males. However, aggressive behaviours between males and females do occur, but rarely lead to serious injury. Relationships between females may vary. Maternally related females in a troop tend to be friendly towards each other and associate closely. Otherwise, females have few friendly encounters and commonly act aggressively towards each other.
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2.5 sq mi), with day ranges 154β2,280 m (0.096β1.417 mi). Eastern lowland gorillas will also eat insects, preferably ants. Western lowland gorillas depend on fruits more than the others and they are more dispersed across their range. They travel even farther than the other gorilla subspecies, at 1,105 m (0.687 mi) per day on average, and have larger home ranges of 7β14 km (2.7β5.4 sq mi). Western lowland gorillas have less access to terrestrial herbs, although they can access aquatic herbs in some areas. Termites and ants are also eaten.
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Despite the chimpanzees being the closest extant relatives of humans, 15% of the human genome was found to be more like that of the gorilla. In addition, 30% of the gorilla genome "is closer to human or chimpanzee than the latter are to each other; this is rarer around coding genes, indicating pervasive selection throughout great ape evolution, and has functional consequences in gene expression." Analysis of the gorilla genome has cast doubt on the idea that the rapid evolution of hearing genes gave rise to language in humans, as it also occurred in gorillas.
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1015:(1970) calculated the average weight of 42 wild adult male gorillas at 144 kg, while Smith and Jungers (1997) found the average weight of 19 wild adult male gorillas to be 169 kg. Adult male gorillas are known as silverbacks due to the characteristic silver hair on their backs reaching to the hips. The tallest gorilla recorded was a 1.95 m (6 ft 5 in) silverback with an arm span of 2.7 m (8 ft 10 in), a chest of 1.98 m (6 ft 6 in), and a weight of 219 kg (483 lb), shot in
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from each other. In addition, nursing decreases to once every two hours. Infants spend only half of their time with their mothers by 30 months. They enter their juvenile period at their third year, and this lasts until their sixth year. At this time, gorillas are weaned and they sleep in a separate nest from their mothers. After their offspring are weaned, females begin to ovulate and soon become pregnant again. The presence of play partners, including the silverback, minimizes conflicts in weaning between mother and offspring.
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1743:(CITES), meaning that international export/import of the species, including in parts and derivatives, is regulated. Around 316,000 western lowland gorillas are thought to exist in the wild, 4,000 in zoos, thanks to conservation; eastern lowland gorillas have a population of under 5,000 in the wild and 24 in zoos. Mountain gorillas are the most severely endangered, with an estimated population of about 880 left in the wild and none in zoos. Threats to gorilla survival include
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452:. Members of the expedition encountered "savage people, the greater part of whom were women, whose bodies were hairy, and whom our interpreters called Gorillae". It is unknown whether what the explorers encountered were what we now call gorillas, another species of ape or monkeys, or humans. Skins of gorillai women, brought back by Hanno, are reputed to have been kept at Carthage until Rome destroyed the city 350 years later at the end of the
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1859:'s knowledge of gorilla behaviour and ecology, and their gorilla stories. In one such story, "The Gorilla and the Child", a gorilla speaks to people, seeking help and trust, and stealing a baby; a man accidentally kills the baby while attacking the gorilla. Even far from where gorillas live, savannah tribes pursue "cult-like worship" of the apes. Some beliefs are widespread among indigenous peoples. The
1155:(1,969β10,853 ft) in elevation. Western gorillas live in both lowland swamp forests and montane forests, at elevations ranging from sea level to 1,600 m (5,200 ft). Western lowland gorillas live in swamp and lowland forests ranging up to 1,600 m (5,200 ft), and Cross River gorillas live in low-lying and submontane forests ranging from 150β1,600 m (490β5,250 ft).
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356:, reaching heights between 1.25 and 1.8 metres, weights between 100 and 270 kg, and arm spans up to 2.6 metres, depending on species and sex. They tend to live in troops, with the leader being called a silverback. The eastern gorilla is distinguished from the western by darker fur colour and some other minor morphological differences. Gorillas tend to live 35β40 years in the wild.
1429:, gorillas can laugh, grieve, have "rich emotional lives", develop strong family bonds, make and use tools, and think about the past and future. Some researchers believe gorillas have spiritual feelings or religious sentiments. They have been shown to have cultures in different areas revolving around different methods of food preparation, and will show individual
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hair on his back, which comes with maturity. Silverbacks have large canine teeth that also come with maturity. Both males and females tend to emigrate from their natal groups. For mountain gorillas, females disperse from their natal troops more than males. Mountain gorillas and western lowland gorillas also commonly transfer to second new groups.
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neither individuals nor groups have to compete with one another. Their home ranges vary from 3 to 15 km (1.2 to 5.8 sq mi), and their movements range around 500 m (0.31 mi) or less on an average day. Despite eating a few species in each habitat, mountain gorillas have flexible diets and can live in a variety of habitats.
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is a dunnish colour. . . Hee goeth alwaies vpon his legs, and carrieth his hands clasped on the nape of his necke, when he goeth upon the ground... They goe many together, and kill many
Negroes that trauaile in the Woods . . . Those Pongos are neuer taken aliue, because they are so strong, that ten men cannot hold one of them...
1089:(8% of the population) found that knuckle walking was done only 60% of the time, and they also supported their weight on their fists, the backs of their hands/feet, and on their palms/soles (with the digits flexed). Such a range of hand postures was previously thought to have been used by only orangutans. Studies of gorilla
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auditory enrichment (which allows for crowd noise, machinery, etc. to be heard) has been noted to reduce stress behavior as well. Enrichment modifications to feed and foraging, where clover-hay is added to an exhibit floor, decrease stereotypic activities while simultaneously increasing positive food-related behaviors.
1290:. Joining a new group is likely to be a tactic against this. However, while gorilla troops usually disband after the silverback dies, female eastern lowlands gorillas and their offspring have been recorded staying together until a new silverback transfers into the group. This likely serves as protection from leopards.
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more slender and agile than the more bulky mountain gorillas. The eastern gorilla also has a longer face and broader chest than the western gorilla. Like humans, gorillas have individual fingerprints. Their eye colour is dark brown, framed by a black ring around the iris. Gorilla facial structure is described as
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through play, grooming, and staying together, and occasionally they even engage in homosexual interactions. Severe aggression is rare in stable groups, but when two mountain gorilla groups meet the two silverbacks can sometimes engage in a fight to the death, using their canines to cause deep, gaping injuries.
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is the first legally binding instrument exclusively targeting gorilla conservation; it came into effect on 1 June 2008. Governments of countries where gorillas live placed a ban on their killing and trading, but weak law enforcement still poses a threat to them, since the governments rarely apprehend
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The use of both internal and external privacy screens on exhibit windows has been shown to alleviate stresses from visual effects of high crowd densities, leading to decreased stereotypic behaviors in the gorillas. Playing naturalistic auditory stimuli as opposed to classical music, rock music, or no
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charge display is unique to gorillas. The entire sequence has nine steps: (1) progressively quickening hooting, (2) symbolic feeding, (3) rising bipedally, (4) throwing vegetation, (5) chest-beating with cupped hands, (6) one leg kick, (7) sideways running, two-legged to four-legged, (8) slapping and
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are recognised, many of which are used primarily for group communication within dense vegetation. Sounds classified as grunts and barks are heard most frequently while traveling, and indicate the whereabouts of individual group members. They may also be used during social interactions when discipline
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Females will purse their lips and slowly approach a male while making eye contact. This serves to urge the male to mount her. If the male does not respond, then she will try to attract his attention by reaching towards him or slapping the ground. In multiple-male groups, solicitation indicates female
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A gorilla's day is divided between rest periods and travel or feeding periods. Diets differ between and within species. Mountain gorillas mostly eat foliage, such as leaves, stems, pith, and shoots, while fruit makes up a very small part of their diets. Mountain gorilla food is widely distributed and
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The eastern gorilla is more darkly coloured than the western gorilla, with the mountain gorilla being the darkest of all. The mountain gorilla also has the thickest hair. The western lowland gorilla can be brown or greyish with a reddish forehead. In addition, gorillas that live in lowland forest are
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Until recently, gorillas were considered to be a single species, with three subspecies: the western lowland gorilla, the eastern lowland gorilla and the mountain gorilla. There is now agreement that there are two species, each with two subspecies. More recently, a third subspecies has been claimed to
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Infants begin to break contact with their mothers after five months, but only for a brief period each time. By 12 months old, infants move up to five m (16 ft) from their mothers. At around 18β21 months, the distance between mother and offspring increases and they regularly spend time away
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Mature males also tend to leave their groups and establish their own troops by attracting emigrating females. However, male mountain gorillas sometimes stay in their natal troops and become subordinate to the silverback. If the silverback dies, these males may be able to become dominant or mate with
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Wild male gorillas weigh 136 to 227 kg (300 to 500 lb), while adult females weigh 68β113 kg (150β250 lb). Adult males are 1.4 to 1.8 m (4 ft 7 in to 5 ft 11 in) tall, with an arm span that stretches from 2.3 to 2.6 m (7 ft 7 in to 8 ft
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The gorilla became the next-to-last great ape genus to have its genome sequenced. The first gorilla genome was generated with short read and Sanger sequencing using DNA from a female western lowland gorilla named
Kamilah. This gave scientists further insight into the evolution and origin of humans.
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was discovered using rocks to smash open palm nuts inside a game sanctuary. While this was the first such observation for a gorilla, over 40 years previously, chimpanzees had been seen using tools in the wild 'fishing' for termites. Nonhuman great apes are endowed with semiprecision grips, and have
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Gorilla infants are vulnerable and dependent, thus mothers, their primary caregivers, are important to their survival. Male gorillas are not active in caring for the young, but they do play a role in socialising them to other youngsters. The silverback has a largely supportive relationship with the
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The silverback is the centre of the troop's attention, making all the decisions, mediating conflicts, determining the movements of the group, leading the others to feeding sites, and taking responsibility for the safety and well-being of the troop. Younger males subordinate to the silverback, known
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Eastern lowland gorillas have more diverse diets, which vary seasonally. Leaves and pith are commonly eaten, but fruits can make up as much as 25% of their diets. Since fruit is less available, lowland gorillas must travel farther each day, and their home ranges vary from 2.7 to 6.5 km (1.0 to
467:
This Pongo is in all proportion like a man, but... he is more like a Giant in stature, than a man: for he is very tall, hath a man's face, hollow-eyed, with long haire vpon his browes. His face and eares are without haire, and his hands also. His bodie is full of haire, but not very thicke, and it
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self-injurious or conspecific aggression, pacing, rocking, sucking of fingers or lip smacking, and overgrooming. Negative vigilance of visitor behaviors have been identified as starting, posturing and charging at visitors. Groups of bachelor gorillas containing young silverbacks have significantly
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Females may fight for social access to males and a male may intervene. Male gorillas have weak social bonds, particularly in multiple-male groups with apparent dominance hierarchies and strong competition for mates. Males in all-male groups, though, tend to have friendly interactions and socialise
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Gorillas live in groups called troops. Troops tend to be made of one adult male or silverback, with a harem of multiple adult females and their offspring. However, multiple-male troops also exist. A silverback is typically more than 12 years of age, and is named for the distinctive patch of silver
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in areas where they overlap. When fruit is abundant, gorilla and chimpanzee diets converge, but when fruit is scarce gorillas resort to vegetation. The two apes may also feed on different species, whether fruit or insects. Gorillas and chimpanzees may ignore or avoid each other when feeding on the
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for daytime and night use. Nests tend to be simple aggregations of branches and leaves about 2 to 5 ft (0.61 to 1.52 m) in diameter and are constructed by individuals. Gorillas, unlike chimpanzees or orangutans, tend to sleep in nests on the ground. The young nest with their mothers, but
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Females mature at 10β12 years (earlier in captivity), and males at 11β13 years. A female's first ovulatory cycle occurs when she is six years of age, and is followed by a two-year period of adolescent infertility. The estrous cycle lasts 30β33 days, with outward ovulation signs subtle compared to
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Recent research on captive gorilla welfare emphasizes a need to shift to individual assessments instead of a one-size-fits-all group approach to understanding how welfare increases or decreases based on a variety of factors. Individual characteristics such as age, sex, personality and individual
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1244:. Gorilla remains have been found in leopard scat, but this may be the result of scavenging. When the group is attacked by humans, leopards, or other gorillas, an individual silverback will protect the group, even at the cost of his own life. Gorillas do not appear to directly compete with
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Mountain gorillas live in montane forests at the higher end of the elevation range, while eastern lowland gorillas live in submontane forests at the lower end. In addition, eastern lowland gorillas live in montane bamboo forests, as well as lowland forests ranging from 600β3,308 m
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Some variations that distinguish the classifications of gorilla include varying density, size, hair colour, length, culture, and facial widths. Population genetics of the lowland gorillas suggest that the western and eastern lowland populations diverged around 261 thousand years ago.
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infants in his troop and shields them from aggression within the group. Infants remain in contact with their mothers for the first five months and mothers stay near the silverback for protection. Infants suckle at least once per hour and sleep with their mothers in the same nest.
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the females. This behaviour has not been observed in eastern lowland gorillas. In a single male group, when the silverback dies, the females and their offspring disperse and find a new troop. Without a silverback to protect them, the infants will likely fall victim to
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Gorillas make a new nest to sleep on each day; even if remaining in the same place, they do not use the previous one. Usually, they are made an hour before dusk, to be ready to sleep when night falls. Gorillas sleep longer than humans, an average of 12 hours per day.
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construct nests after three years of age, initially close to those of their mothers. Gorilla nests are distributed arbitrarily and use of tree species for site and construction appears to be opportunistic. Nest-building by great apes is now considered to be not just
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genera, chimpanzees and humans, all of them having diverged from a common ancestor about 7 million years ago. Human gene sequences differ only 1.6% on average from the sequences of corresponding gorilla genes, but there is further difference in how many
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1147:. The western gorilla lives in west central Africa, while the eastern gorilla lives in east central Africa. Between the species, and even within the species, gorillas live in a variety of habitats and elevations. Gorilla habitat ranges from
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means fire, denoting a positive energy. From the
Central African Republic to Cameroon and Gabon, stories of reincarnations as gorillas, totems, and transformations similar to those recorded by Du Chaillu are still told in the 21st century.
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those of chimpanzees. The gestation period lasts 8.5 months. Female mountain gorillas first give birth at 10 years of age and have four-year interbirth intervals. Males can be fertile before reaching adulthood. Gorillas mate year round.
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signal alarm or warning, and are produced most often by silverbacks. Deep, rumbling belches suggest contentment and are heard frequently during feeding and resting periods. They are the most common form of intragroup communication.
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preference, but females can be forced to mate with multiple males. Males incite copulation by approaching a female and displaying at her or touching her and giving a "train grunt". Recently, gorillas have been observed engaging in
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concluded more than 5,000 gorillas may have died in recent outbreaks of the Ebola virus in central Africa. The researchers indicated in conjunction with commercial hunting of these apes, the virus creates "a recipe for rapid
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conducted a much longer and more comprehensive study of the mountain gorilla. When she published her work, many misconceptions and myths about gorillas were finally disproved, including the myth that gorillas are violent.
414:. There are many threats to their survival, such as poaching, habitat destruction, and disease, which threaten the survival of the species. However, conservation efforts have been successful in some areas where they live.
3417:
Sarmiento, E. E. (2003). "Distribution, taxonomy, genetics, ecology, and causal links of gorilla survival: the need to develop practical knowledge for gorilla conservation". In Taylor, A. B.; Goldsmith, M. L. (eds.).
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was recorded using a stick as if to gauge the depth of water whilst crossing a swamp. A second female was seen using a tree stump as a bridge and also as a support whilst fishing in the swamp. This means all of the
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Gorillas rarely drink water "because they consume succulent vegetation that is comprised of almost half water as well as morning dew", although both mountain and lowland gorillas have been observed drinking.
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A gorilla's chest-beat may vary in frequency depending on its size. Smaller ones tend to have higher frequencies, while larger ones tend to be lower. They also do it the most when females are ready to mate.
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was one of the first researchers to go into the field and study primates. In 1959, he conducted a systematic study of the mountain gorilla in the wild and published his work. Years later, at the behest of
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For this reason, conflicts are most often resolved by displays and other threat behaviours that are intended to intimidate without becoming physical. As a result, fights do not occur very frequently. The
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Explorations and
Adventures in Equatorial Africa: with Accounts of theManners and Customs of the People, and of the Chace of the Gorilla, the Crocodile, Leopard, Elephant, Hippopotamus and Other Animals
1840:; a gorilla's death means the connected person will die also. This creates a local conservation ethic. Many different indigenous peoples interact with wild gorillas. Some have detailed knowledge; the
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same tree, but they have also been documented to form social bonds. Conversely, coalitions of chimpanzees have been observed attacking families of gorillas including silverbacks and killing infants.
2414:"Unresolved molecular phylogenies of gibbons and siamangs (Family: Hylobatidae) based on mitochondrial, Y-linked, and X-linked loci indicate a rapid Miocene radiation or sudden vicariance event"
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Goidts, V.; Armengol, L.; Schempp, W.; et al. (March 2006). "Identification of large-scale human-specific copy number differences by inter-species array comparative genomic hybridization".
1879:
Since gaining international attention, gorillas have been a recurring element of many aspects of popular culture and media. They were usually portrayed as murderous and aggressive. Inspired by
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Ilambu, O. (2001). "Ecology of eastern lowland gorilla: is there enough scientific knowledge to mitigate conservation threats associated with extreme disturbances in its distribution range?".
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have words to distinguish at least ten types of gorilla individuals, by sex, age, and relationships. In 1861, alongside tales of hunting enormous gorillas, the traveller and anthropologist
1085:, although they sometimes walk upright for short distances, typically while carrying food or in defensive situations. A 2018 study investigating the hand posture of 77 mountain gorillas at
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since the 19th century, though the earliest attempts to keep them in captive facilities ended in their early death. In the late 1920s, the care of captive gorillas significantly improved.
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Stoinski, T.; Jaicks, H.; Drayton, L. (2011). "Visitor effects on the behavior of captive western lowland gorillas: the importance of individual differences in examining welfare".
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trade. Gorillas are closely related to humans, and are susceptible to diseases that humans also get infected by. In 2004, a population of several hundred gorillas in the
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Tutin, C. E. G.; Fernandez, M. (1993). "Composition of the diet of chimpanzees and comparisons with that of sympatric lowland gorillas in the LopΓ© reserve, Gabon".
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was the first westerner to see a live gorilla during his travel through western equatorial Africa from 1856 to 1859. He brought dead specimens to the UK in 1861.
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Yamagiwa, J.; Kahekwa, J.; Kanyunyi
Basabose, A. (2003). "Intra-specific variation in social organization of gorillas: implications for their social evolution".
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continue to explore the relationships between various gorilla populations. The species and subspecies listed here are the ones upon which most scientists agree.
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383:, ranging in altitude from 2,200 to 4,300 metres (7,200 to 14,100 ft). Lowland gorillas live in dense forests and lowland swamps and marshes as low as
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Tutin, C. G. (1996). "Ranging and social structure of lowland gorillas in the LopΓ© Reserve, Gabon". In McGrew, W. C.; Marchant, L. F.; Nishida, T. (eds.).
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Stanford, C. B.; Nkurunungi, J. B. (2003). "Behavioral ecology of sympatric chimpanzees and gorillas in Bwindi
Impenetrable National Park, Uganda: diet".
1546:. She later became an advocate for the conservation of gorillas, and wrote several more books (mainly for children). In the late 1920s and early 1930s,
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Harcourt, A. H.; Stewart, K. J.; Hauser, M. (1993). "Functions of wild gorilla 'close' calls. I. Repertoire, context, and interspecific comparison".
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and his wife Ava helped further the study of gorillas when they sent Harold Bigham to Africa. Yerkes also wrote a book in 1929 about the great apes.
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1905:, which debuted in 1925, featured an escaped gorilla taking a woman from her house. Several films would use the "escaped gorilla" trope including
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is the oldest gorilla ever; oldest female gorilla ever; oldest living gorilla and oldest living female gorilla. The oldest male gorilla ever was
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Leeds, A.; Boyer, D.; Ross, S; Lukas, K. (2015). "The effects of group type and young silverbacks on wounding rates in western lowland gorilla (
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to swampland. Eastern gorillas inhabit montane and submontane forests between 650 and 4,000 m (2,130 and 13,120 ft) above sea level.
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have yielded varying results, with some arguing for no preference for either hand, and others right-hand dominance for the general population.
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Deblauwe, I. (2007). "New insights in insect prey choice by chimpanzees and gorillas in
Southeast Cameroon: The role of nutritional value".
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Yamagiwa, J.; Mwanza, N.; Yumoto, T.; Maruhashi, T. (1994). "Seasonal change in the composition of the diet of eastern lowland gorillas".
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by the IUCN; all subspecies are classified as
Critically Endangered with the exception of the mountain gorilla, which is classified as
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6 in). Female gorillas are shorter at 1.25 to 1.5 m (4 ft 1 in to 4 ft 11 in), with smaller arm spans.
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Dispersal patterns, group structure, and reproductive parameters of eastern lowland gorillas at Kahuzi in the absence of infanticide
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Stokes, E. J.; Parnell, R. J.; Olejniczak, C. (2003). "Female dispersal and reproductive success in wild western lowland gorillas (
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1123:, who reached to the final age of 61 years, 24 days. The oldest living male gorilla is Guhonda, aged 53 years, 273 days.
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There are thought to be around 316,000 western gorillas in the wild, and 5,000 eastern gorillas. Both species are classified as
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6151:β The Official Website for Virunga National Park, the Last Refuge for Congo's Mountain Gorillas (archived 22 September 2010)
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Takebe, Y.; Uenishi, R.; Li, X. (2008). "Global molecular epidemiology of HIV: Understanding the genesis of AIDS pandemic".
2037:β a captive gorilla, shot while interacting with a child who fell into his zoo enclosure, who became a popular internet meme
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1538:, a mystery writer, her husband, and their young daughter Alice, who would later write science fiction under the pseudonym
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Plantier, J.; Leoz, M.; Dickerson, J. E.; et al. (2009). "A new human immunodeficiency virus derived from gorillas".
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367:. Although their range covers a small percentage of Sub-Saharan Africa, gorillas cover a wide range of elevations. The
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Watts, D. P. (2003). "Gorilla social relationships: a comparative review". In Taylor, A. B.; Goldsmith, M. L. (eds.).
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traveled to Africa to hunt for an animal to be shot and stuffed. On his first trip, he was accompanied by his friends
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Watts, D. P. (1996). "Comparative socio-ecology of gorillas". In McGrew, W. C.; Marchant, L. F.; Nishida, T. (eds.).
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exist in one of the species. The separate species and subspecies developed from a single type of gorilla during the
4808:""It may be truth, but it is not evidence": Paul du Chaillu and the legitimation of evidence in the field sciences"
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A century and a half after Battel's story was published, one writer claimed that "the large species, described by
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Yamagiwa, Juichi (1987). "Intra- and inter-group interactions of an all-male group of
Virunga mountain gorillas (
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been able to use both simple tools and even weapons, such as improvising a club from a convenient fallen branch.
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A gorilla's lifespan is normally between 35 and 40 years, although zoo gorillas may live for 50 years or more in
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Wells, D. L. (2005). "A note on the influence of visitors on the behaviour and welfare of zoo-housed gorillas".
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1448:
5586:
11095:
7197:
6154:
1976:
5776:
5325:"Relationship between behavior, adrenal activity, and environment in zoo-housed western lowland gorillas (
4217:
Watts, D. P. (1989). "Infanticide in mountain gorillas: new cases and a reconsideration of the evidence".
3225:
Thompson, N. E.; Ostrofsky, K. R.; McFarlin, S. C.; Robbins, M. M.; Stoinski, T. S.; AlmΓ©cija, S. (2018).
11100:
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1959:
1947:
1935:
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6901:
6753:
1717:
1263:
350:
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Leigh, S. R.; Shea, B. T. (1995). "Ontogeny and the evolution of adult body size dimorphism in apes".
1700:
histories are essential in understanding that stressors will affect each individual gorilla and their
1023:
in May 1938. The heaviest gorilla recorded was a 1.83 m (6 ft 0 in) silverback shot in
7020:
6865:
6833:
6783:
6738:
6139:
2040:
1657:
1488:. The first scientific description of gorillas dates back to an article by Savage and the naturalist
10076:
5323:
Clark, F.; Fitzpatrick, M.; Hartley, A.; King, A.; Lee, T.; Routh, A.; Walker, S; George, K (2011).
3454:
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81:
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Sharp, P. M.; Bailes, E.; Chaudhuri, R. R.; Rodenburg, C. M.; Santiago, M. O.; Hahn, B. H. (2001).
4716:
2760:
31:
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6218:
5735:"Who Knows What About Gorillas? Indigenous Knowledge, Global Justice, and Human-Gorilla Relations"
4761:
3542:
1442:
423:
338:, from 95 to 99% depending on what is included, and they are the next closest living relatives to
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2045:
2019:
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392:
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reported the
Cameroonian story that a pregnant woman who sees a gorilla will give birth to one.
11062:
10841:
9113:
8817:
8198:
7498:
6748:
6226:
3266:
Fagot, J.; Vauclair, J. (1988). "Handedness and bimanual coordination in the lowland gorilla".
2790:
2695:
2509:
2050:
1664:
1105:
1063:
510:
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4792:
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509:, using the then-current name of the chimpanzee genus. The species name was derived from
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7350:
7117:
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6058:
3726:
3565:
3303:"Blood groups in the Species Survival Plan, European Endangered Species Program, and managed
1994:
1895:
1778:". In captivity, it has also been observed that gorillas can also be infected with COVID-19.
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1732:
1535:
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957:
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407:
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in September 2005. Gorillas are now known to use tools in the wild. A female gorilla in the
1413:
A female gorilla exhibiting tool use by using a tree trunk as a support whilst fishing herbs
1131:
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10888:
9133:
7237:
7097:
6808:
6743:
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Diet and habitat use of two mountain gorilla groups in contrasting habitats in the Virungas
5158:
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4226:
4018:
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2785:
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1988:
1982:
1887:, gorillas have been depicted kidnapping human women. This theme was used in films such as
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8:
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9957:
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483:
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217:
6118:
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4022:
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3185:
3105:
2818:"Inference of gorilla demographic and selective history from whole-genome sequence data"
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2122:
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1901:
1824:
Drawing of a gorilla who has killed a hunter and destroyed his shotgun, as narrated by
1430:
1404:
1148:
1104:. Due to novel sequences, though, it is different enough to not conform with the human
1038:
364:
268:
76:
6728:
5514:"Fin whale, mountain gorilla recovering thanks to conservation action β IUCN Red List"
5263:
5082:
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Gorillas have a patchy distribution. The range of the two species is separated by the
11085:
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3854:
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Tutin, C. E. G.; Fernandez, M. (1992). "Insect-eating by sympatric lowland gorillas (
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Robbins, L.; Margulis, S. (2014). "The effects of auditory enrichment on gorillas".
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Gorillas are considered highly intelligent. A few individuals in captivity, such as
10919:
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9709:
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5746:
5662:"Thirteen gorillas test positive for Covid at Atlanta zoo | Atlanta | The Guardian"
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245:
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Gamble, K. C.; Moyse, J. A.; Lovstad, J. N.; Ober, C. B.; Thompson, E. E. (2011).
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10629:
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323:
319:
239:
63:
11023:
10893:
5693:
2865:
Aryan, H. E. (2006). "Lumbar diskectomy in a human-habituated mountain gorilla (
2440:
10755:
10716:
10647:
10504:
10494:
10464:
10441:
10431:
10421:
10333:
10282:
10267:
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8582:
7445:
7410:
7390:
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7335:
7310:
7295:
7192:
7092:
7049:
4749:
Communication describing the external character and habits of a new species of
4602:
4030:
3965:
3677:"Leopard attack on and consumption of gorillas in the Central African Republic"
2158:
1701:
1653:
1489:
1418:
1075:
726:
494:
7187:
5224:
4169:
4100:
3807:
3033:
Apes of the world: their social behavior, communication, mentality and ecology
2412:
Israfil, H.; Zehr, S. M.; Mootnick, A. R.; Ruvolo, M.; Steiper, M. E. (2011).
2382:
1692:
higher levels of aggression and wounding rates than mixed age and sex groups.
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8467:
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7380:
7207:
6955:
6531:
6512:
5952:
5604:
5570:
5026:"The origins of acquired immune deficiency syndrome viruses: where and when?"
3092:
Smith, R. J.; Jungers, W. L. (1997). "Body mass in comparative primatology".
2943:
Wood, B. A. (1978). "Relationship between body size and long bone lengths in
2746:
2651:
2597:(3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 181β182.
2588:
2513:
2325:
1955:
1860:
1736:
1547:
1422:
1002:
787:
460:
5990:
Development of infant independence from the mother in wild mountain gorillas
4543:
2964:
2833:
2612:
2346:
2329:
1484:
obtained the first specimens (the skull and other bones) during his time in
10864:
10766:
10695:
10606:
10583:
10531:
10514:
10484:
10326:
10274:
10128:
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8807:
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6758:
6733:
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5466:
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4959:
4702:
4621:
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4048:
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3850:
3772:
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3252:
3113:
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2890:
2851:
2584:
2458:
2390:
2355:
2203:
2024:
1852:
1563:
1554:
1447:
The following observations were made by a team led by Thomas Breuer of the
1385:
tearing vegetation, and (9) thumping the ground with palms to end display.
1101:
1012:
775:
449:
376:
255:
209:
5981:
Assessment of reproduction and stress through hormone analysis in gorillas
5484:"Four out of six great apes one step away from extinction β IUCN Red List"
4501:
4492:
4471:
4426:
4367:
Watts, D. P. (1991). "Mountain gorilla reproduction and sexual behavior".
3287:
3121:
2144:
10966:
10873:
10672:
9855:
9736:
9719:
9483:
9089:
8999:
8864:
8827:
8747:
8686:
8407:
7860:
7172:
7147:
6966:
6768:
6723:
6592:
6427:
6008:
Variation in the social system of mountain gorillas: the male perspective
4574:"Chest beats as an honest signal of body size in male mountain gorillas (
3227:"Unexpected terrestrial hand posture diversity in wild mountain gorillas"
2972:
2484:
2000:
1970:
1968:. More positive and sympathetic portrayals of gorillas include the films
1856:
1764:
1712:
1573:
1527:
1140:
986:, is the Bwindi population of the mountain gorilla, sometimes called the
882:
725:, when their forest habitats shrank and became isolated from each other.
664:
343:
294:
5170:
4177:
10958:
10148:
9940:
9267:
9254:
9204:
9140:
9079:
8982:
8965:
8857:
8800:
8773:
8736:
8706:
8696:
8421:
8147:
8029:
7733:
7678:
7630:
7585:
7162:
7064:
7054:
6917:
6608:
6448:
6289:
5178:
4299:
3893:
3498:
3243:
3226:
2279:
2118:
2055:
1728:
1680:
1409:
1245:
1090:
1032:
453:
411:
327:
143:
5750:
5516:. International Union for the Conservation of Nature. 14 November 2018
5458:
5423:
5383:
5344:
5030:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
4866:"A history of Museum Victoria: Melbourne 1865: Gorillas at the museum"
4835:
4781:, a new species of orang from the Gaboon River, osteology of the same"
3341:
3279:
2330:"Estimation of divergence times for major lineages of primate species"
1096:
Studies have shown gorilla blood is not reactive to anti-A and anti-B
10971:
10940:
10617:
10547:
10521:
10390:
10340:
9977:
9967:
9890:
9743:
9633:
9532:
9298:
9052:
8955:
8169:
7931:
7647:
7513:
7460:
7450:
7290:
7227:
6907:
6650:
6369:
6318:
6299:
6250:
5810:
4760:. Boston Society of Natural History. pp. 245β247. Archived from
3675:
Fay, J. M.; Carroll, R.; Kerbis Peterhans, J. C.; Harris, D. (1995).
1951:
1942:
Gorillas have been used as opponents to jungle-themed heroes such as
1820:
1642:
1461:
1426:
1144:
1031:, which weighed 267 kg (589 lb). Males in captivity can be
587:
529:
384:
298:
183:
173:
163:
93:
38:
10835:
4994:
4950:
4925:
4347:
4345:
4197:
4195:
3437:. Brookfield, IL, USA: Chicago Zoological Society. pp. 307β312.
2110:
1293:
1180:
10945:
10858:
10824:
10683:
10659:
10452:
10411:
10357:
10296:
9869:
9019:
8912:
8612:
8537:
8437:
8022:
7662:
7603:
6876:
6417:
6308:
6271:
6248:
4826:
2174:
2014:
1833:
1752:
1748:
1592:
1588:
1526:
The first systematic study was not conducted until the 1920s, when
1225:
1067:
1028:
983:
482:
and other authors as of the size of a man, is held by many to be a
113:
5147:"Insights into hominid evolution from the gorilla genome sequence"
1806:
poachers, traders and consumers that rely on gorillas for profit.
1637:
1168:
10744:
10364:
10004:
9933:
9185:
9178:
9040:
8935:
8717:
8598:
8544:
8364:
8225:
8182:
7615:
7488:
7473:
7330:
6871:
6854:
6283:
6175:
4342:
4192:
3390:"Ozzie, the world's oldest male gorilla, has died at Zoo Atlanta"
2594:
Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
2034:
1504:. Other species of gorilla were described in the next few years.
1485:
1241:
1071:
502:
463:
mentioned the existence of the animal, under the named of pongo:
353:
302:
133:
5145:
Scally, A.; Dutheil, J. Y.; Hillier, L. W.; et al. (2012).
4980:
4926:"Human immunodeficiency viruses: SIV infection in wild gorillas"
4086:
3674:
3224:
1359:"Gorilla communication" redirects here. Not to be confused with
1262:"Blackback" and "Silverback" redirect here. For other uses, see
10314:
10138:
9947:
9848:
9569:
8766:
8482:
8312:
8299:
8251:
7609:
7597:
7355:
7222:
7177:
7102:
7036:
6688:
6598:
6439:
6277:
6265:
5870:
4664:
3468:
3466:
3464:
1943:
1889:
1790:
1381:
1332:
1207:
564:
445:
400:
153:
123:
103:
10932:
4513:
4511:
4259:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 302β327.
3422:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 432β471.
1998:. Gorillas have been featured in video games as well, notably
7641:
7554:
7395:
7340:
7285:
7044:
6937:
6927:
6579:
6478:
5897:
5023:
4448:
4446:
4444:
4442:
4440:
3484:
2816:
McManus, K. F.; Kelley, J. L.; Song, S.; et al. (2015).
1837:
1625:
1273:
1024:
640:
339:
310:
5909:
5858:
5846:
5834:
5822:
4073:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 16β28.
3527:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 58β70.
3461:
2217:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 15β34. Archived from
1795:
Agreement on the Conservation of Gorillas and Their Habitats
1467:
In September 2005, a two-and-a-half-year-old gorilla in the
10724:
9757:
6932:
6573:
6463:
6213:
6200:
6127:β conservation, facts and photos (archived 16 October 2004)
5487:
5322:
4508:
4408:
4406:
4130:
4128:
4126:
2368:
2080:. pp. 1.1β14: text and trans. Ed. J. Blomqvist (1979).
1599:
that infects them is similar to a certain strain of HIV-1.
1372:
1216:
1020:
851:
847:
645:
6136:
5887:
5885:
5244:
5144:
4924:
Van Heuverswyn, F.; Li, Y.; Neel, C.; et al. (2006).
4923:
4437:
10107:
10094:
10044:
6998:
6554:
6026:
Social relationships of immature gorillas and silverbacks
5634:
5077:. Advances in Pharmacology. Vol. 56. pp. 1β25.
4893:"Book review: Planet of the ape - 'Between man and beast"
2815:
2640:
2411:
1649:
331:
5962:
Mountain gorillas: three decades of research at Karisoke
4665:
Breuer, T.; Ndoundou-Hockemba, M.; Fishlock, V. (2005).
4403:
4263:
4123:
2641:
Plumptre, A.; Robbins, M. M.; Williamson, E. A. (2019).
2518:
Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Volume 3. Primates
2508:
1836:
highlands, folk stories connect people and gorillas via
6523:
5882:
4151:
2504:
2502:
1741:
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species
5560:
Maisels, F.; Bergl, R. A.; Williamson, E. A. (2016) .
5559:
4472:"Suckling and lactational anoestrus in wild gorillas (
3605:
3603:
3300:
3210:. Smithsonian National Zoological Park. Archived from
2736:
Maisels, F.; Bergl, R. A.; Williamson, E. A. (2018) .
2735:
2141:"A carthaginian exploration of the West African coast"
1962:. Gorillas also serve as antagonists in the 1968 film
1727:
All species (and subspecies) of gorilla are listed as
10813:
5409:
5264:"Colo, the oldest gorilla in captivity, dies aged 60"
4529:
2731:
2729:
2636:
2634:
2483:. Fathom / Cambridge University Press. Archived from
2478:
520: 'tribe of hairy women', as described by Hanno.
10762:
10751:
10740:
10730:
10712:
10702:
10691:
10643:
10625:
10557:
10527:
10510:
10500:
10490:
10480:
10470:
10460:
10437:
10427:
10417:
10407:
10370:
10346:
10322:
10240:
10225:
10215:
10205:
10195:
10185:
10175:
10164:
10154:
10144:
10134:
10124:
10010:
9993:
9983:
9973:
9963:
9953:
9915:
9905:
9875:
9780:
9763:
9725:
9715:
9698:
9688:
9678:
9668:
9658:
9641:
9580:
9565:
9405:
9376:
9346:
9309:
9294:
9284:
9174:
9095:
9085:
9075:
9065:
9048:
9025:
9015:
9005:
8995:
8978:
8961:
8951:
8941:
8897:
8887:
8877:
8853:
8843:
8833:
8823:
8813:
8789:
8779:
8755:
8732:
8702:
8692:
8682:
8672:
8662:
8652:
8521:
8455:
8418:
8387:
8371:
8360:
8350:
8340:
8329:
8231:
8214:
8204:
8164:
8153:
8143:
7643:
5960:
Robbins, M. M.; Sicotte, P.; Stewart, K. J. (2001).
3996:
3557:
2499:
2479:
Stewart, K. J.; Sicotte, P.; Robbins, M. M. (2001).
2268:
Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews
2095:
in the history and historiography of Black Africa".
1494:
Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History
528:
The closest relatives of gorillas are the other two
6086:β includes photos, artwork, and skull specimens of
5365:
5116:"Gorilla genome sheds new light on human evolution"
3942:"Interspecific interactions between sympatric apes"
3600:
1035:and reach weights up to 310 kg (683 lb).
6133:β Gorilla conservation (archived 29 November 2010)
3793:
3030:
2979:
2809:
2726:
2631:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2537:
4777:"Notice of the external characters and habits of
3412:
3410:
2768:
2673:
1624:Several western lowland gorillas in captivity in
11077:
6316:
6035:Social relationships of female mountain gorillas
4667:"First observation of tool use in wild gorillas"
4257:Gorilla biology: a multidisciplinary perspective
4082:
4080:
3997:Southern, L. M.; Deschner, T.; Pika, S. (2021).
3616:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 226β227.
3563:
3420:Gorilla biology: a multidisciplinary perspective
2714:
2619:
2215:Gorilla biology: A multidisciplinary perspective
850:, as well as bark, wood, flowers, fruit, fungi,
6041:
5553:
5444:
5405:
5403:
5401:
5072:
4465:
4463:
4461:
4427:"Caught in the act! Gorillas mate face to face"
4201:
3609:
2666:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T39994A115576640.en
2534:
2075:
1739:. All gorillas are listed in Appendix I of the
1660:was the first gorilla to be born in captivity.
1331:, a trait once considered unique to humans and
523:
6115:β taxonomy, ecology, behavior and conservation
5978:
4351:
4147:
4145:
4143:
3828:
3750:
3407:
2761:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T9404A136250858.en
1656:(December 22, 1956 β January 17, 2017) of the
7570:
6982:
6539:
6234:
5964:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
5728:
5726:
5724:
5722:
5720:
5718:
5716:
4362:
4360:
4319:
4317:
4250:
4248:
4212:
4210:
4077:
4064:
4062:
4060:
4058:
3999:"Lethal coalitionary attacks of chimpanzees (
3518:
3516:
3478:
3265:
3182:"Santa Barbara Zoo β western lowland gorilla"
2679:
2549:
2405:
2213:. In Taylor, A. B.; Goldsmith, M. L. (eds.).
2161:(1940). "Knowledge of the Ape in Antiquity".
1309:
391:living in Central West African countries and
11116:Taxa named by Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire
6096:International Gorilla Conservation Programme
5398:
5318:
5316:
5314:
5312:
4884:
4636:"Planet of no apes? Experts warn it's close"
4458:
3746:
3744:
3091:
3085:
2918:. Weigl Educational Publishers. p. 64.
2198:
2196:
2194:
2192:
1235:
968:
868:
6052:
5478:
5476:
4890:
4774:
4140:
3068:The Guinness book of animal facts and feats
3060:
3058:
3056:
3054:
2720:
2625:
2266:Conniff, R. (2009). "Discovering gorilla".
1126:
954:: Leaves, berries, ferns, and fibrous bark
8310:
7577:
7563:
6996:
6989:
6975:
6546:
6532:
6241:
6227:
6055:The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals
5794:Sako Ma: A Look at the Sacred Monkey Totem
5771:
5713:
5601:"Gorillas infecting each other with Ebola"
5066:
4561:. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company.
4523:
4357:
4314:
4245:
4207:
4055:
3513:
2680:Lindsley, Tracy; Sorin, Anna Bess (2001).
254:
54:
10105:
10043:
9265:
9203:
5996:
5781:. New York: Harper. Chapter 16, page 352.
5733:Amir, Adam PΓ©rou Hermans (15 June 2019).
5309:
5223:
5186:
5075:HIV-1: Molecular biology and pathogenesis
5049:
5017:
4949:
4834:
4692:
4682:
4611:
4601:
4556:
4550:
4491:
4038:
3973:
3882:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
3741:
3472:
3435:The apes: challenges for the 21st century
3416:
3349:
3242:
3231:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
2985:
2953:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
2841:
2759:
2664:
2448:
2345:
2323:
2309:. Perseus Digital Library. Archived from
2261:
2259:
2189:
1648:Gorillas became highly prized by western
1240:One possible predator of gorillas is the
539:
5987:
5932:
5915:
5903:
5891:
5876:
5864:
5852:
5840:
5828:
5816:
5659:
5506:
5473:
5250:
4974:
4517:
4281:
3914:
3879:
3873:
3218:
3051:
2936:
2300:
1819:
1809:
1793:, and also an international treaty, the
1711:
1636:
1610:
1506:
1408:
1337:
1313:
1292:
1272:
1211:Gorilla night nest constructed in a tree
1206:
1179:
1167:
1130:
1037:
1001:
417:
6137:Welcome to the Year of the Gorilla 2009
6023:
6017:Female mate choice in mountain gorillas
6014:
6005:
5660:Luscombe, Richard (29 September 2021).
5113:
4917:
4854:from the original on 22 September 2017.
4469:
4452:
4412:
4134:
3387:
3137:"Population systematics of the gorilla"
2265:
2157:
1678:such as regurgitation, reingestion and
1203:Nest-building in primates Β§ In gorillas
1108:, into which the other great apes fit.
14:
11078:
5791:
5674:from the original on 29 September 2021
4891:Quammen, D.; Reel, M. (4 April 2013).
4805:
4745:
4571:
4424:
4323:
3432:
3168:Pictorial guide to the living primates
3134:
3028:
2911:
2774:
2583:
2256:
2202:
1707:
942:: 130β185 cm (51β73 in) long
834:: 160β196 cm (63β77 in) long
489:The American physician and missionary
444:explorer on an expedition to the west
10840:
10839:
10092:
9252:
8297:
7628:
7558:
6970:
6882:Chimpanzeeβhuman last common ancestor
6527:
6222:
6032:
5288:
5209:
4727:from the original on 14 November 2006
4480:Journal of Reproduction and Fertility
4366:
4269:
4254:
4216:
4068:
3822:
3610:Marchant, L. F.; Nishida, T. (1996).
3539:"Gorillas β diet & eating habits"
3522:
2864:
2858:
2421:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
2233:
2231:
1542:After their trip, Mary Bradley wrote
1342:Mother gorilla with 10-day-old infant
765:IUCN status and estimated population
6892:Orangutanβhuman last common ancestor
5979:Czekala, N.; Robbins, M. M. (2001).
5732:
4717:"A tough nut to crack for evolution"
4646:from the original on 25 October 2012
4328:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
3939:
3796:International Journal of Primatology
3572:Weigl Educational Publishers Limited
3165:
3064:
2942:
2797:from the original on 23 October 2014
2577:
2090:
1797:, concluded under UNEP-administered
1787:United Nations Environment Programme
1602:
1163:
1074:. Adult males also have a prominent
543:Phylogeny of superfamily Hominoidea
448:coast to the area that later became
6098:(Video) (archived 5 September 2007)
6093:Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting
6015:Sicotte, P. (2001). Robbins (ed.).
5925:
5796:. Tucson: Matam Press. p. 48.
5631:"Ebola 'kills over 5,000 gorillas'"
5571:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
5494:from the original on 7 October 2016
4158:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
3388:Jackson, Amanda (26 January 2022).
3184:. Santa Barbara Zoo. Archived from
3170:. East Hampton, NY: Pogonias Press.
2871:Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery
2747:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2702:from the original on 30 August 2023
2652:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2481:"Mountain gorillas of the Virungas"
1475:
1443:Tool use by animals Β§ Gorillas
1257:
1115:. At 67 years, 273 days,
1100:, which would, in humans, indicate
501:in 1847 from specimens obtained in
424:Hanno the Navigator Β§ Gorillai
24:
6887:Gorillaβhuman last common ancestor
6819:Kinshasa Declaration on Great Apes
6163:National Museum of Natural History
6042:Yamagiwa, J.; Kahekwa, J. (2001).
5641:from the original on 29 March 2009
5370:) groups in North American zoos".
5240:from the original on 9 March 2012.
4709:
4425:Nguyen, T. C. (13 February 2008).
4239:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1989.tb00754.x
3707:from the original on 3 April 2012.
3153:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1970.tb04514.x
2228:
1532:American Museum of Natural History
1480:American physician and missionary
1224:, but as an important instance of
997:
854:, invertebrates, and gorilla dung
25:
11132:
6897:Gibbonβhuman last common ancestor
6077:
5611:from the original on 12 July 2006
5126:from the original on 8 March 2012
4905:from the original on 6 April 2013
4868:. Museum Victoria. Archived from
4785:Boston Journal of Natural History
4557:Maple, T. L.; Hoff, M.P. (1982).
3940:Sanz, C. M.; et al. (2022).
3630:from the original on 27 June 2014
3588:from the original on 27 June 2014
2932:from the original on 10 May 2016.
1781:Conservation efforts include the
1763:was essentially wiped out by the
1087:Bwindi Impenetrable National Park
978:The proposed third subspecies of
359:Gorillas' natural habitats cover
334:of gorillas is highly similar to
318:is divided into two species: the
297:, predominantly ground-dwelling
10823:
10797:
10075:
9235:
8279:
6951:
6950:
6702:
6508:
6507:
6210:(version Kamilah_GGO_v0/gorGor6)
6185:(version Kamilah_GGO_v0/gorGor6)
5785:
5765:
5686:
5653:
5623:
5593:
5585:}}: |volume= / |date= mismatch (
5528:
5291:Applied Animal Behaviour Science
4775:Savage, T. S; Wyman, J. (1847).
4572:Wright, E.; et al. (2021).
1722:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1587:) are believed to be one of the
1515:at close quarters with a gorilla
1354:
967:
881:
867:
774:
567: (family Hylobatidae)
397:Democratic Republic of the Congo
80:
8298:
6829:Great Apes Survival Partnership
6779:Iowa Primate Learning Sanctuary
6206:Data of the genome assembly of
6119:San Diego Zoo Gorilla Factsheet
5438:
5359:
5282:
5256:
5212:"Gorilla joins the genome club"
5203:
5138:
5107:
4858:
4799:
4768:
4739:
4658:
4628:
4565:
4418:
4369:American Journal of Primatology
4275:
3990:
3933:
3908:
3839:American Journal of Primatology
3837:) in the LopΓ© Reserve, Gabon".
3787:
3753:American Journal of Primatology
3711:
3668:
3642:
3531:
3426:
3381:
3294:
3259:
3200:
3174:
3159:
3128:
3022:
2988:American Journal of Primatology
2905:
2822:Molecular Biology and Evolution
2472:
2362:
2334:Molecular Biology and Evolution
2208:"A history of gorilla taxonomy"
1799:Convention on Migratory Species
1716:Eastern lowland gorilla in the
1500:is described, now known as the
1421:, have been taught a subset of
1392:
1070:protrudes farther out than the
982:, which has not yet received a
756:Scientific name and subspecies
10093:
9253:
7629:
7584:
5303:10.1016/j.applanim.2005.06.019
2883:10.1016/j.clineuro.2004.12.011
2317:
2294:
2151:
2133:
2084:
2069:
1950:, as well as superheroes. The
1318:Young gorilla riding on mother
361:tropical or subtropical forest
13:
1:
7158:Kasakela chimpanzee community
6125:World Wildlife Fund: Gorillas
6121:β features a video and photos
5083:10.1016/S1054-3589(07)56001-1
3564:Miller-Schroeder, P. (1997).
3268:Brain, Behavior and Evolution
2062:
1908:The Strange Case of Doctor Rx
1597:Simian immunodeficiency virus
1449:Wildlife Conservation Society
662:chimpanzees (genus
437:
7198:Mitumba chimpanzee community
6155:Human Timeline (Interactive)
5114:Kelland, K. (7 March 2012).
4791:(4): 417β443. Archived from
4684:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030380
3719:"Wildlife: mountain gorilla"
2775:Csomos, Rebecca Ann (2008).
2520:. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions.
2091:Hair, P. E. H. (1987). "The
1885:Gorilla Carrying off a Woman
1851:In 1911, the anthropologist
1785:, a partnership between the
1767:. A 2006 study published in
1632:
1464:are now known to use tools.
1453:NouabalΓ©-Ndoki National Park
1252:
846:: Roots, leaves, stems, and
524:Evolution and classification
7:
11106:Fauna of Sub-Saharan Africa
5933:Gott, T.; Weir, K. (2013).
4202:Yamagiwa & Kahekwa 2001
4001:Pan troglodytes troglodytes
3135:Groves, C. P. (July 1970).
2556:Songs of the gorilla nation
2441:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.11.005
2243:Public Broadcasting Service
2007:
1948:Sheena, Queen of the Jungle
1936:Donald Duck and the Gorilla
1816:Gorillas in popular culture
1783:Great Apes Survival Project
1511:Drawing of French explorer
1436:
1268:Silverback (disambiguation)
27:Genus of large African apes
10:
11137:
7026:List of fictional primates
7016:List of individual monkeys
6902:List of fictional primates
6754:Neanderthal genome project
6053:Kingdon, Jonathan (2015).
5937:. London: Reaktion Books.
5210:Smith, K. (7 March 2012).
4603:10.1038/s41598-021-86261-8
4352:Czekala & Robbins 2001
4031:10.1038/s41598-021-93829-x
3966:10.1016/j.isci.2022.105059
3681:Journal of Human Evolution
3541:. Seaworld. Archived from
3155:– via Onlinelibrary.
3094:Journal of Human Evolution
2301:Liddell, H. G.; Scott, R.
1992:(1999) and the 1992 novel
1813:
1718:Kahuzi-Biega National Park
1440:
1402:
1396:
1358:
1310:Reproduction and parenting
1264:Blackback (disambiguation)
1261:
1200:
1196:
1172:Gorillas moving in habitat
1158:
432:comes from the history of
421:
326:, and either four or five
301:that inhabit the tropical
36:
29:
10848:
10794:
10682:
10667:
10658:
10616:
10556:
10545:
10451:
10403:
10399:
10388:
10313:
10239:
10120:
10116:
10101:
10088:
10073:
10039:
9889:
9824:
9815:
9632:
9579:
9561:
9550:
9473:
9446:
9419:
9387:
9375:
9345:
9308:
9280:
9276:
9261:
9248:
9233:
9199:
9123:
9039:
8911:
8746:
8716:
8648:
8637:
8581:
8554:
8532:
8520:
8454:
8417:
8386:
8325:
8321:
8306:
8293:
8276:
8250:
8181:
8139:
8130:
8126:
8088:
7898:
7771:
7695:
7657:
7637:
7624:
7592:
7459:
7271:
7063:
7035:
7021:Monkeys and apes in space
7005:
6946:
6847:
6834:International Primate Day
6797:
6784:Borneo Orangutan Survival
6739:Chimpanzee genome project
6711:
6700:
6561:
6503:
6461:
6425:
6416:
6377:
6368:
6307:
6298:
6260:
6249:Extant species of family
5739:IK: Other Ways of Knowing
5694:"Gorilla | Species | WWF"
5225:10.1038/nature.2012.10185
4576:Gorilla beringei beringei
4170:10.1007/s00265-003-0630-3
4101:10.1007/s10329-003-0049-5
2912:Miller, Patricia (1997).
2867:Gorilla beringei beringei
2383:10.1007/s00439-005-0130-9
2041:International Primate Day
1899:(1933). The comedic play
1663:Captive gorillas exhibit
1658:Columbus Zoo and Aquarium
1371:is required. Screams and
1236:Interspecies interactions
876:
769:
764:
761:
758:
755:
752:
660:
638:
631:
612:
605:
585:
578:
562:
555:
542:
349:Gorillas are the largest
274:
267:
263:Distribution of gorillas
262:
253:
236:
231:
215:
208:
77:Scientific classification
75:
62:
53:
48:
6553:
5792:Alesha, Matomah (2004).
4284:Gorilla gorilla beringei
3915:Galdikas, B. M. (2005).
3650:"Gorilla Night Routines"
2591:; Reeder, D. M. (eds.).
2078:Geographi graeci minores
2076:MΓΌller, C. (1855β1861).
1893:(1930) and most notably
1581:Western lowland gorillas
1127:Distribution and habitat
1081:Gorillas move around by
393:eastern lowland gorillas
389:western lowland gorillas
37:Not to be confused with
32:Gorilla (disambiguation)
7011:List of individual apes
6860:List of individual apes
6839:Nonhuman Rights Project
6024:Stewart, K. J. (2001).
6006:Robbins, M. M. (2001).
5368:Gorilla gorilla gorilla
5327:Gorilla gorilla gorilla
4544:10.1163/156853993X00524
4470:Stewart, K. J. (1988).
4154:Gorilla gorilla gorilla
4005:Gorilla gorilla gorilla
3808:10.1023/A:1024689008159
3307:populations of bonobo (
3071:. Sterling Publishing.
2965:10.1002/ajpa.1330500104
2307:A Greek-English lexicon
2046:List of individual apes
2020:Gorilla (advertisement)
1867:while the Bulu name is
1482:Thomas Staughton Savage
1361:Guerrilla communication
926:Western lowland gorilla
818:Eastern lowland gorilla
491:Thomas Staughton Savage
11121:Taxa described in 1852
6749:Gladys Kalema-Zikusoka
6194:Data of the genome of
5997:McNeilage, A. (2001).
5879:, pp. 89β91, 173.
5042:10.1098/rstb.2001.0863
4746:Savage, T. S. (1847).
4381:10.1002/ajp.1350240307
3919:. Abrams. p. 89.
3851:10.1002/ajp.1350280103
3765:10.1002/ajp.1350300305
3701:10.1006/jhev.1995.1048
3319:ssp.), and orangutan (
3311:), common chimpanzee (
3114:10.1006/jhev.1996.0122
3029:Tuttle, R. H. (1986).
3000:10.1002/ajp.1350360104
2791:University of Michigan
2696:University of Michigan
2659:: e.T39994A115576640.
2051:List of fictional apes
1829:
1724:
1645:
1629:
1516:
1414:
1343:
1319:
1298:
1278:
1277:Silverback with female
1212:
1185:
1173:
1136:
1135:Young gorilla climbing
1106:ABO blood group system
1064:mandibular prognathism
1058:
1007:
476:
11058:Paleobiology Database
6764:Lone DrΓΈscher Nielsen
6149:Virunga National Park
6142:18 March 2019 at the
6059:Bloomsbury Publishing
6033:Watts, D. P. (2001).
5988:Fletcher, A. (2001).
4642:. 12 September 2007.
4493:10.1530/jrf.0.0830627
2834:10.1093/molbev/msu394
2754:: e.T9404A136250858.
2347:10.1093/molbev/msg050
2239:"Fantastic Creatures"
1823:
1814:Further information:
1810:Cultural significance
1776:ecological extinction
1733:critically endangered
1715:
1665:stereotypic behaviors
1640:
1623:
1510:
1441:Further information:
1412:
1397:Further information:
1366:Twenty-five distinct
1341:
1317:
1296:
1276:
1210:
1183:
1171:
1134:
1098:monoclonal antibodies
1041:
1005:
615:gorillas (genus
465:
418:History and etymology
408:Critically Endangered
399:near its border with
18:Gorilla communication
6744:Human Genome Project
6352:Tapanuli orangutan (
6334:Sumatran orangutan (
6111:22 July 2017 at the
6084:Animal Diversity Web
5916:Gott & Weir 2013
5906:, pp. 157, 183.
5904:Gott & Weir 2013
5892:Gott & Weir 2013
5877:Gott & Weir 2013
5865:Gott & Weir 2013
5853:Gott & Weir 2013
5841:Gott & Weir 2013
5829:Gott & Weir 2013
5817:Gott & Weir 2013
5578:: e.T9404A136250858.
5536:"Appendices | CITES"
5490:. 4 September 2016.
5251:Gott & Weir 2013
4326:Gorillas in the mist
3188:on 28 September 2006
3065:Wood, G. L. (1983).
2786:Animal Diversity Web
2691:Animal Diversity Web
2487:on 21 September 2008
1983:Gorillas in the Mist
1863:name for gorilla is
1757:Odzala National Park
1544:On the Gorilla Trail
497:first described the
30:For other uses, see
11096:Herbivorous mammals
9958:Paradolichopithecus
7306:Charles the Gorilla
6789:Primate archaeology
6343:Bornean orangutan (
6189:UCSC Genome Browser
6057:(Second ed.).
6037:. pp. 216β240.
6028:. pp. 183β213.
6001:. pp. 265β292.
5992:. pp. 153β182.
5983:. pp. 317β339.
5918:, pp. 174β176.
5867:, pp. 131β135.
5855:, pp. 126β127.
5843:, pp. 138β143.
5831:, pp. 122β125.
5819:, Chapters 3 and 4.
5699:World Wildlife Fund
5637:. 8 December 2006.
5171:10.1038/nature10842
5163:2012Natur.483..169S
4942:2006Natur.444..164V
4872:on 27 February 2008
4806:McCook, S. (1996).
4779:Troglodytes gorilla
4723:. 18 October 2005.
4594:2021NatSR..11.6879W
4520:, pp. 153β182.
4455:, pp. 183β213.
4354:, pp. 317β339.
4324:Fossey, D. (1983).
4272:, pp. 216β240.
4231:1989Ethol..81....1W
4071:Great ape societies
4023:2021NatSR..1114673S
3958:2022iSci...25j5059S
3833:) and chimpanzees (
3729:on 17 February 2012
3693:1995JHumE..29...93F
3613:Great ape societies
3525:Great Ape Societies
3475:, pp. 265β292.
3106:1997JHumE..32..523S
2559:. Harmony. p.
2433:2011MolPE..58..447I
1930:The Gorilla Mystery
1745:habitat destruction
1708:Conservation status
1667:, including eating
1569:National Geographic
1498:Troglodytes gorilla
1222:animal architecture
1215:Gorillas construct
916:Cross River gorilla
749:
507:Troglodytes gorilla
473:Andrew Battel, 1625
434:Hanno the Navigator
218:Troglodytes gorilla
11101:Primates of Africa
9584:Victoriapithecidae
9526:Plesiopliopithecus
9464:Platodontopithecus
7281:Alfred the Gorilla
6997:Notable non-human
6719:Great ape language
6677:Tapanuli orangutan
6657:Sumatran orangutan
6131:Gorilla protection
6046:. pp. 89β122.
5253:, pp. 98β107.
4898:The New York Times
4582:Scientific Reports
4300:10.1007/BF02382180
4204:, pp. 89β122.
4011:Scientific Reports
3894:10.1002/ajpa.20703
3835:Pan t. troglodytes
3831:Gorilla g. gorilla
3499:10.1007/BF02381481
3369:on 20 January 2012
3244:10.1002/ajpa.23404
3141:Journal of Zoology
3037:. William Andrew.
2512:; Rylands, A. B.;
2510:Mittermeier, R. A.
2280:10.1002/evan.20203
1965:Planet of the Apes
1830:
1725:
1646:
1630:
1517:
1431:colour preferences
1415:
1405:Great ape language
1344:
1320:
1299:
1297:Silverback gorilla
1279:
1213:
1186:
1174:
1137:
1113:rare circumstances
1059:
1008:
1006:Male gorilla skull
732:
643: (genus
365:Sub-Saharan Africa
11073:
11072:
11045:Open Tree of Life
10842:Taxon identifiers
10811:
10810:
10807:
10806:
10792:
10791:
10788:
10787:
10784:
10783:
10780:
10779:
10776:
10775:
10541:
10540:
10384:
10383:
10084:
10083:
10071:
10070:
10067:
10066:
10063:
10062:
10035:
10034:
10031:
10030:
9546:
9545:
9542:
9541:
9448:Dionysopithecidae
9350:Propliopithecidae
9244:
9243:
9231:
9230:
9227:
9226:
9223:
9222:
9195:
9194:
8633:
8632:
8629:
8628:
8289:
8288:
8274:
8273:
8270:
8269:
8246:
8245:
8122:
8121:
7552:
7551:
6964:
6963:
6824:Great Ape Project
6667:Bornean orangutan
6521:
6520:
6499:
6498:
6495:
6494:
6491:
6490:
6472:
6433:
6404:Western gorilla (
6395:Eastern gorilla (
6388:
6364:
6363:
6327:
6254:
6102:Primate Info Net
6068:978-1-4729-2531-2
6019:. pp. 59β87.
6010:. pp. 29β58.
5751:10.26209/ik560158
5459:10.1002/zoo.21127
5424:10.1002/zoo.20425
5384:10.1002/zoo.21218
5345:10.1002/zoo.20396
5270:. 18 January 2017
5157:(7388): 169β175.
5036:(1410): 867β876.
4415:, pp. 59β87.
4137:, pp. 29β58.
3917:Great ape odyssey
3656:. 18 October 2019
3545:on 11 August 2011
3342:10.1002/zoo.20348
3280:10.1159/000116536
3166:Rowe, N. (1996).
2551:Prince-Hughes, D.
2224:on 26 March 2009.
2159:Montagu, M. F. A.
2147:on 14 March 2017.
2098:History in Africa
2093:Periplus of Hanno
2030:Great Ape Project
1803:Gorilla Agreement
1761:Republic of Congo
1621:
1603:Genome sequencing
1540:James Tiptree Jr.
1469:Republic of Congo
1457:Republic of Congo
1425:. Like the other
1399:Primate cognition
1258:Social structure
1164:Diet and foraging
976:
975:
899:
791:
762:Size and ecology
747:
718:
717:
713:
712:
704:
703:
695:
694:
686:
685:
677:
676:
553: Hominoidea
505:. They called it
381:Virunga Volcanoes
307:equatorial Africa
288:
287:
282:
204:
16:(Redirected from
11128:
11066:
11065:
11053:
11052:
11040:
11039:
11027:
11026:
11024:NHMSYS0000376721
11014:
11013:
11001:
11000:
10988:
10987:
10975:
10974:
10962:
10961:
10949:
10948:
10936:
10935:
10923:
10922:
10910:
10909:
10897:
10896:
10884:
10883:
10882:
10869:
10868:
10867:
10837:
10836:
10828:
10827:
10819:
10802:
10801:
10764:
10753:
10742:
10732:
10714:
10707:Australopithecus
10704:
10693:
10665:
10664:
10645:
10627:
10559:
10554:
10553:
10529:
10512:
10502:
10492:
10482:
10472:
10462:
10439:
10429:
10419:
10409:
10401:
10400:
10397:
10396:
10372:
10348:
10324:
10244:Dendropithecidae
10242:
10227:
10217:
10207:
10197:
10187:
10177:
10166:
10156:
10146:
10136:
10126:
10118:
10117:
10114:
10113:
10103:
10102:
10090:
10089:
10079:
10041:
10040:
10012:
9995:
9985:
9975:
9965:
9955:
9917:
9907:
9877:
9822:
9821:
9782:
9765:
9727:
9717:
9700:
9690:
9680:
9670:
9660:
9646:Cercopithecoides
9643:
9616:Victoriapithecus
9582:
9567:
9559:
9558:
9553:Cercopithecoidea
9407:
9385:
9384:
9378:
9348:
9311:
9296:
9286:
9278:
9277:
9274:
9273:
9263:
9262:
9250:
9249:
9239:
9201:
9200:
9176:
9097:
9087:
9077:
9067:
9050:
9027:
9017:
9007:
8997:
8980:
8963:
8953:
8943:
8899:
8889:
8879:
8855:
8845:
8835:
8825:
8815:
8791:
8781:
8757:
8734:
8704:
8694:
8684:
8674:
8664:
8654:
8646:
8645:
8556:Proteopithecidae
8530:
8529:
8523:
8457:
8420:
8389:
8373:
8362:
8352:
8342:
8331:
8323:
8322:
8319:
8318:
8308:
8307:
8295:
8294:
8284:
8283:
8233:
8216:
8206:
8166:
8155:
8145:
8137:
8136:
8128:
8127:
7655:
7654:
7645:
7639:
7638:
7626:
7625:
7579:
7572:
7565:
7556:
7555:
7529:Nonja (Malaysia)
6991:
6984:
6977:
6968:
6967:
6954:
6953:
6923:Mythic humanoids
6706:
6681:P. tapanuliensis
6548:
6541:
6534:
6525:
6524:
6511:
6510:
6471:
6468:
6432:
6423:
6422:
6387:
6384:
6375:
6374:
6354:P. tapanuliensis
6326:
6323:
6314:
6313:
6305:
6304:
6252:
6243:
6236:
6229:
6220:
6219:
6072:
6047:
6038:
6029:
6020:
6011:
6002:
5993:
5984:
5975:
5956:
5926:Literature cited
5919:
5913:
5907:
5901:
5895:
5889:
5880:
5874:
5868:
5862:
5856:
5850:
5844:
5838:
5832:
5826:
5820:
5814:
5808:
5807:
5789:
5783:
5782:
5773:Du Chaillu, Paul
5769:
5763:
5762:
5730:
5711:
5710:
5708:
5706:
5690:
5684:
5683:
5681:
5679:
5657:
5651:
5650:
5648:
5646:
5627:
5621:
5620:
5618:
5616:
5607:. 10 July 2006.
5597:
5591:
5590:
5579:
5557:
5551:
5550:
5548:
5546:
5532:
5526:
5525:
5523:
5521:
5510:
5504:
5503:
5501:
5499:
5480:
5471:
5470:
5442:
5436:
5435:
5407:
5396:
5395:
5363:
5357:
5356:
5320:
5307:
5306:
5286:
5280:
5279:
5277:
5275:
5260:
5254:
5248:
5242:
5241:
5227:
5207:
5201:
5200:
5190:
5142:
5136:
5135:
5133:
5131:
5111:
5105:
5104:
5070:
5064:
5063:
5053:
5021:
5015:
5014:
4978:
4972:
4971:
4953:
4921:
4915:
4914:
4912:
4910:
4888:
4882:
4881:
4879:
4877:
4862:
4856:
4855:
4853:
4838:
4812:
4803:
4797:
4796:
4772:
4766:
4765:
4743:
4737:
4736:
4734:
4732:
4713:
4707:
4706:
4696:
4686:
4662:
4656:
4655:
4653:
4651:
4632:
4626:
4625:
4615:
4605:
4569:
4563:
4562:
4559:Gorilla behavior
4554:
4548:
4547:
4527:
4521:
4515:
4506:
4505:
4495:
4467:
4456:
4450:
4435:
4434:
4422:
4416:
4410:
4401:
4400:
4375:(3β4): 211β225.
4364:
4355:
4349:
4340:
4339:
4321:
4312:
4311:
4279:
4273:
4267:
4261:
4260:
4252:
4243:
4242:
4214:
4205:
4199:
4190:
4189:
4149:
4138:
4132:
4121:
4120:
4084:
4075:
4074:
4066:
4053:
4052:
4042:
3994:
3988:
3987:
3977:
3937:
3931:
3930:
3912:
3906:
3905:
3877:
3871:
3870:
3826:
3820:
3819:
3791:
3785:
3784:
3748:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3734:
3725:. Archived from
3715:
3709:
3708:
3672:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3661:
3646:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3635:
3607:
3598:
3597:
3595:
3593:
3561:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3550:
3535:
3529:
3528:
3520:
3511:
3510:
3482:
3476:
3470:
3459:
3458:
3452:
3448:
3446:
3438:
3430:
3424:
3423:
3414:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3400:
3385:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3374:
3368:
3362:. Archived from
3353:
3327:
3298:
3292:
3291:
3263:
3257:
3256:
3246:
3222:
3216:
3215:
3204:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3193:
3178:
3172:
3171:
3163:
3157:
3156:
3132:
3126:
3125:
3089:
3083:
3082:
3062:
3049:
3048:
3036:
3026:
3020:
3019:
2983:
2977:
2976:
2940:
2934:
2933:
2909:
2903:
2902:
2862:
2856:
2855:
2845:
2813:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2772:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2733:
2724:
2718:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2684:Gorilla beringei
2677:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2645:Gorilla beringei
2638:
2629:
2623:
2617:
2616:
2581:
2575:
2574:
2547:
2532:
2531:
2506:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2461:. Archived from
2452:
2418:
2409:
2403:
2402:
2377:(1β2): 185β198.
2366:
2360:
2359:
2349:
2321:
2315:
2314:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2263:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2235:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2212:
2200:
2187:
2186:
2155:
2149:
2148:
2143:. Archived from
2137:
2131:
2130:
2088:
2082:
2081:
2073:
1977:Mighty Joe Young
1920:Gorilla at Large
1881:Emmanuel FrΓ©miet
1690:
1689:
1685:
1677:
1676:
1672:
1622:
1476:Scientific study
1329:face-to-face sex
1184:Gorilla foraging
1055:Gorilla beringei
980:Gorilla beringei
971:
970:
961:
893:
885:
871:
870:
861:
808:Mountain gorilla
786:
778:
750:
742:
731:
634:
633:
608:
607:
581:
580:
558:
557:
550:
549:
540:
537:each gene has.
474:
439:
369:mountain gorilla
280:
258:
246:Gorilla beringei
199:
85:
84:
58:
46:
45:
21:
11136:
11135:
11131:
11130:
11129:
11127:
11126:
11125:
11076:
11075:
11074:
11069:
11061:
11056:
11048:
11043:
11035:
11030:
11022:
11017:
11009:
11004:
10996:
10991:
10983:
10978:
10970:
10965:
10957:
10952:
10944:
10939:
10931:
10926:
10918:
10913:
10905:
10900:
10892:
10887:
10878:
10877:
10872:
10863:
10862:
10857:
10844:
10834:
10822:
10814:
10812:
10803:
10796:
10772:
10678:
10654:
10630:Chororapithecus
10612:
10599:Pierolapithecus
10591:Hispanopithecus
10550:
10537:
10475:Gigantopithecus
10447:
10393:
10380:
10375:Yuanmoupithecus
10309:
10304:Turkanapithecus
10235:
10230:Samburupithecus
10200:Nacholapithecus
10110:
10097:
10080:
10059:
10027:
9998:Procynocephalus
9885:
9817:Cercopithecinae
9811:
9663:Dolichopithecus
9628:
9600:Nsungwepithecus
9575:
9555:
9538:
9491:Barberapithecus
9469:
9457:Dionysopithecus
9442:
9430:Epipliopithecus
9415:
9393:Krishnapithecus
9380:Pliopithecoidea
9371:
9366:Propliopithecus
9359:Aegyptopithecus
9341:
9313:Oligopithecidae
9304:
9270:
9257:
9240:
9219:
9191:
9119:
9035:
8907:
8882:Proteropithecia
8742:
8712:
8642:
8625:
8620:Ucayalipithecus
8577:
8550:
8525:Parapithecoidea
8516:
8497:Myanmarpithecus
8459:Amphipithecidae
8450:
8445:Phenacopithecus
8413:
8382:
8315:
8302:
8285:
8278:
8266:
8242:
8177:
8118:
8084:
7894:
7774:Anaptomorphinae
7767:
7691:
7651:
7633:
7620:
7588:
7583:
7553:
7548:
7524:Nonja (Austria)
7455:
7326:Guy the Gorilla
7267:
7059:
7031:
7030:
7001:
6995:
6965:
6960:
6942:
6913:Human evolution
6843:
6800:
6793:
6729:BirutΔ Galdikas
6707:
6698:
6638:Western gorilla
6628:Eastern gorilla
6564:
6557:
6552:
6522:
6517:
6487:
6469:
6467:
6457:
6431:
6412:
6385:
6383:
6360:
6324:
6322:
6294:
6256:
6247:
6208:Gorilla gorilla
6196:Gorilla gorilla
6183:Gorilla gorilla
6171:Gorilla gorilla
6144:Wayback Machine
6113:Wayback Machine
6088:Gorilla gorilla
6080:
6075:
6069:
5972:
5959:
5945:
5928:
5923:
5922:
5914:
5910:
5902:
5898:
5890:
5883:
5875:
5871:
5863:
5859:
5851:
5847:
5839:
5835:
5827:
5823:
5815:
5811:
5804:
5790:
5786:
5770:
5766:
5731:
5714:
5704:
5702:
5692:
5691:
5687:
5677:
5675:
5658:
5654:
5644:
5642:
5629:
5628:
5624:
5614:
5612:
5599:
5598:
5594:
5580:
5564:Gorilla gorilla
5558:
5554:
5544:
5542:
5534:
5533:
5529:
5519:
5517:
5512:
5511:
5507:
5497:
5495:
5482:
5481:
5474:
5443:
5439:
5408:
5399:
5364:
5360:
5321:
5310:
5287:
5283:
5273:
5271:
5262:
5261:
5257:
5249:
5245:
5208:
5204:
5143:
5139:
5129:
5127:
5112:
5108:
5093:
5071:
5067:
5022:
5018:
4995:10.1038/nm.2016
4983:Nature Medicine
4979:
4975:
4951:10.1038/444164a
4922:
4918:
4908:
4906:
4889:
4885:
4875:
4873:
4864:
4863:
4859:
4851:
4810:
4804:
4800:
4795:on 20 May 2016.
4773:
4769:
4744:
4740:
4730:
4728:
4721:CBS News Online
4715:
4714:
4710:
4663:
4659:
4649:
4647:
4640:CBS News Online
4634:
4633:
4629:
4570:
4566:
4555:
4551:
4528:
4524:
4516:
4509:
4474:Gorilla gorilla
4468:
4459:
4451:
4438:
4423:
4419:
4411:
4404:
4365:
4358:
4350:
4343:
4336:
4322:
4315:
4280:
4276:
4268:
4264:
4253:
4246:
4215:
4208:
4200:
4193:
4150:
4141:
4133:
4124:
4085:
4078:
4067:
4056:
4003:) on gorillas (
3995:
3991:
3938:
3934:
3927:
3913:
3909:
3878:
3874:
3827:
3823:
3792:
3788:
3749:
3742:
3732:
3730:
3717:
3716:
3712:
3673:
3669:
3659:
3657:
3648:
3647:
3643:
3633:
3631:
3624:
3608:
3601:
3591:
3589:
3582:
3562:
3558:
3548:
3546:
3537:
3536:
3532:
3521:
3514:
3483:
3479:
3471:
3462:
3450:
3449:
3440:
3439:
3431:
3427:
3415:
3408:
3398:
3396:
3386:
3382:
3372:
3370:
3366:
3325:
3313:Pan troglodytes
3299:
3295:
3264:
3260:
3223:
3219:
3214:on 1 June 2010.
3206:
3205:
3201:
3191:
3189:
3180:
3179:
3175:
3164:
3160:
3133:
3129:
3090:
3086:
3079:
3063:
3052:
3045:
3027:
3023:
2984:
2980:
2941:
2937:
2926:
2910:
2906:
2863:
2859:
2814:
2810:
2800:
2798:
2779:Gorilla gorilla
2773:
2769:
2740:Gorilla gorilla
2734:
2727:
2719:
2715:
2705:
2703:
2678:
2674:
2639:
2632:
2624:
2620:
2605:
2582:
2578:
2571:
2548:
2535:
2528:
2516:, eds. (2013).
2507:
2500:
2490:
2488:
2477:
2473:
2468:on 10 May 2012.
2465:
2416:
2410:
2406:
2367:
2363:
2324:Glazko, G. V.;
2322:
2318:
2313:on 6 June 2011.
2299:
2295:
2264:
2257:
2247:
2245:
2237:
2236:
2229:
2221:
2210:
2201:
2190:
2156:
2152:
2139:
2138:
2134:
2111:10.2307/3171832
2089:
2085:
2074:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2010:
1958:is an enemy of
1923:(1954) and the
1914:The Gorilla Man
1846:Paul Du Chaillu
1826:Paul Du Chaillu
1818:
1812:
1710:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1674:
1670:
1668:
1641:Gorilla at the
1635:
1611:
1605:
1559:George Schaller
1521:Paul Du Chaillu
1513:Paul Du Chaillu
1502:western gorilla
1478:
1445:
1439:
1407:
1401:
1395:
1364:
1357:
1312:
1271:
1260:
1255:
1238:
1205:
1199:
1166:
1161:
1129:
1083:knuckle-walking
1066:, that is, the
1051:eastern gorilla
1047:Gorilla gorilla
1043:Western gorilla
1000:
998:Characteristics
965:
959:
950:
949:
944:
943:
936:
932:
931:
908:
907:
901:
900:
892:
878:Western gorilla
865:
859:
842:
841:
836:
835:
828:
824:
823:
800:
799:
793:
792:
785:
771:Eastern gorilla
714:
705:
696:
687:
678:
526:
499:western gorilla
493:and naturalist
475:
472:
426:
420:
324:western gorilla
320:eastern gorilla
243:
240:Gorilla gorilla
227:
221:
198:
79:
69:Gorilla gorilla
66:
64:Western gorilla
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
11134:
11124:
11123:
11118:
11113:
11111:Primate genera
11108:
11103:
11098:
11093:
11088:
11071:
11070:
11068:
11067:
11054:
11041:
11028:
11015:
11002:
10989:
10976:
10963:
10950:
10937:
10924:
10911:
10898:
10885:
10870:
10854:
10852:
10846:
10845:
10833:
10832:
10809:
10808:
10805:
10804:
10795:
10793:
10790:
10789:
10786:
10785:
10782:
10781:
10778:
10777:
10774:
10773:
10771:
10770:
10760:
10756:Sahelanthropus
10749:
10738:
10728:
10721:
10717:Graecopithecus
10710:
10700:
10688:
10686:
10680:
10679:
10677:
10676:
10668:
10662:
10656:
10655:
10653:
10652:
10648:Nakalipithecus
10641:
10634:
10622:
10620:
10614:
10613:
10611:
10610:
10603:
10595:
10587:
10580:
10573:
10565:
10563:
10551:
10546:
10543:
10542:
10539:
10538:
10536:
10535:
10525:
10518:
10508:
10505:Lufengpithecus
10498:
10495:Khoratpithecus
10488:
10478:
10468:
10465:Ankarapithecus
10457:
10455:
10449:
10448:
10446:
10445:
10442:Ouranopithecus
10435:
10432:Nakalipithecus
10425:
10422:Graecopithecus
10415:
10404:
10394:
10389:
10386:
10385:
10382:
10381:
10379:
10378:
10368:
10361:
10354:
10344:
10337:
10330:
10319:
10317:
10311:
10310:
10308:
10307:
10300:
10293:
10286:
10283:Rangwapithecus
10279:
10271:
10268:Nyanzapithecus
10264:
10256:
10253:Dendropithecus
10248:
10246:
10237:
10236:
10234:
10233:
10223:
10213:
10203:
10193:
10190:Morotopithecus
10183:
10173:
10169:Kamoyapithecus
10162:
10159:Griphopithecus
10152:
10142:
10132:
10121:
10111:
10106:
10099:
10098:
10086:
10085:
10082:
10081:
10074:
10072:
10069:
10068:
10065:
10064:
10061:
10060:
10058:
10057:
10056:
10055:
10049:
10047:
10037:
10036:
10033:
10032:
10029:
10028:
10026:
10025:
10018:
10015:Soromandrillus
10008:
10001:
9991:
9981:
9971:
9961:
9951:
9944:
9937:
9930:
9923:
9913:
9903:
9895:
9893:
9887:
9886:
9884:
9883:
9873:
9866:
9859:
9852:
9845:
9838:
9835:Allenopithecus
9830:
9828:
9826:Cercopithecini
9819:
9813:
9812:
9810:
9809:
9806:Trachypithecus
9802:
9795:
9788:
9778:
9771:
9761:
9754:
9747:
9740:
9733:
9723:
9713:
9706:
9696:
9686:
9676:
9666:
9656:
9649:
9638:
9636:
9630:
9629:
9627:
9626:
9623:Zaltanpithecus
9619:
9612:
9604:
9596:
9588:
9586:
9577:
9576:
9574:
9573:
9562:
9556:
9551:
9548:
9547:
9544:
9543:
9540:
9539:
9537:
9536:
9529:
9522:
9515:
9508:
9501:
9494:
9487:
9479:
9477:
9471:
9470:
9468:
9467:
9460:
9452:
9450:
9444:
9443:
9441:
9440:
9433:
9425:
9423:
9421:Pliopithecidae
9417:
9416:
9414:
9413:
9403:
9396:
9388:
9382:
9373:
9372:
9370:
9369:
9362:
9354:
9352:
9343:
9342:
9340:
9339:
9332:
9325:
9317:
9315:
9306:
9305:
9303:
9302:
9292:
9281:
9271:
9266:
9259:
9258:
9246:
9245:
9242:
9241:
9234:
9232:
9229:
9228:
9225:
9224:
9221:
9220:
9218:
9217:
9216:
9215:
9209:
9207:
9197:
9196:
9193:
9192:
9190:
9189:
9182:
9172:
9165:
9162:Leontopithecus
9158:
9151:
9144:
9137:
9129:
9127:
9125:Callitrichidae
9121:
9120:
9118:
9117:
9110:
9103:
9093:
9083:
9073:
9063:
9056:
9045:
9043:
9037:
9036:
9034:
9033:
9023:
9013:
9003:
8993:
8986:
8976:
8969:
8959:
8949:
8939:
8932:
8925:
8917:
8915:
8909:
8908:
8906:
8905:
8895:
8885:
8875:
8868:
8861:
8851:
8841:
8831:
8821:
8811:
8804:
8797:
8787:
8777:
8770:
8763:
8752:
8750:
8744:
8743:
8741:
8740:
8730:
8722:
8720:
8714:
8713:
8711:
8710:
8700:
8690:
8680:
8670:
8660:
8649:
8643:
8638:
8635:
8634:
8631:
8630:
8627:
8626:
8624:
8623:
8616:
8609:
8602:
8595:
8587:
8585:
8583:Parapithecidae
8579:
8578:
8576:
8575:
8568:
8565:Proteopithecus
8560:
8558:
8552:
8551:
8549:
8548:
8541:
8533:
8527:
8518:
8517:
8515:
8514:
8507:
8500:
8493:
8486:
8479:
8471:
8463:
8461:
8452:
8451:
8449:
8448:
8441:
8434:
8426:
8424:
8415:
8414:
8412:
8411:
8404:
8396:
8394:
8384:
8383:
8381:
8380:
8369:
8358:
8348:
8338:
8326:
8316:
8311:
8304:
8303:
8291:
8290:
8287:
8286:
8277:
8275:
8272:
8271:
8268:
8267:
8265:
8264:
8263:
8262:
8256:
8254:
8248:
8247:
8244:
8243:
8241:
8240:
8229:
8222:
8212:
8209:Hesperotarsius
8202:
8195:
8187:
8185:
8179:
8178:
8176:
8175:
8162:
8151:
8140:
8134:
8124:
8123:
8120:
8119:
8117:
8116:
8109:
8102:
8094:
8092:
8086:
8085:
8083:
8082:
8075:
8068:
8061:
8054:
8047:
8040:
8033:
8026:
8019:
8012:
8005:
7998:
7991:
7984:
7977:
7970:
7967:Gunnelltarsius
7963:
7956:
7949:
7942:
7935:
7928:
7921:
7914:
7906:
7904:
7896:
7895:
7893:
7892:
7885:
7878:
7871:
7864:
7857:
7850:
7843:
7836:
7833:Pseudotetonius
7829:
7822:
7815:
7808:
7801:
7794:
7787:
7779:
7777:
7769:
7768:
7766:
7765:
7758:
7751:
7744:
7737:
7730:
7723:
7716:
7709:
7701:
7699:
7697:Microchoerinae
7693:
7692:
7690:
7689:
7682:
7675:
7667:
7658:
7652:
7642:
7635:
7634:
7622:
7621:
7619:
7618:
7612:
7606:
7600:
7593:
7590:
7589:
7582:
7581:
7574:
7567:
7559:
7550:
7549:
7547:
7546:
7541:
7536:
7531:
7526:
7521:
7516:
7511:
7506:
7501:
7496:
7491:
7486:
7481:
7476:
7471:
7465:
7463:
7457:
7456:
7454:
7453:
7448:
7443:
7438:
7433:
7428:
7423:
7418:
7413:
7408:
7403:
7398:
7393:
7388:
7383:
7378:
7373:
7368:
7363:
7358:
7353:
7348:
7343:
7338:
7333:
7328:
7323:
7318:
7313:
7308:
7303:
7298:
7293:
7288:
7283:
7277:
7275:
7269:
7268:
7266:
7265:
7260:
7255:
7250:
7245:
7240:
7235:
7230:
7225:
7220:
7215:
7210:
7205:
7200:
7195:
7193:Marquis Chimps
7190:
7185:
7180:
7175:
7170:
7165:
7160:
7155:
7150:
7145:
7140:
7135:
7130:
7125:
7120:
7115:
7110:
7105:
7100:
7095:
7093:Pierre Brassau
7090:
7085:
7080:
7075:
7069:
7067:
7061:
7060:
7058:
7057:
7052:
7047:
7041:
7039:
7033:
7032:
7029:
7028:
7023:
7018:
7013:
7007:
7006:
7003:
7002:
6994:
6993:
6986:
6979:
6971:
6962:
6961:
6959:
6958:
6947:
6944:
6943:
6941:
6940:
6935:
6930:
6925:
6920:
6915:
6910:
6905:
6899:
6894:
6889:
6884:
6879:
6874:
6869:
6863:
6857:
6851:
6849:
6845:
6844:
6842:
6841:
6836:
6831:
6826:
6821:
6816:
6811:
6805:
6803:
6795:
6794:
6792:
6791:
6786:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6766:
6761:
6756:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6736:
6731:
6726:
6721:
6715:
6713:
6709:
6708:
6701:
6699:
6697:
6696:
6695:: Hylobatidae)
6686:
6685:
6684:
6674:
6664:
6647:
6646:
6645:
6635:
6618:
6617:
6616:
6613:P. troglodytes
6606:
6589:
6588:
6587:
6569:
6567:
6559:
6558:
6551:
6550:
6543:
6536:
6528:
6519:
6518:
6516:
6515:
6504:
6501:
6500:
6497:
6496:
6493:
6492:
6489:
6488:
6486:
6485:
6475:
6473:
6459:
6458:
6456:
6455:
6451:P. troglodytes
6446:
6436:
6434:
6420:
6414:
6413:
6411:
6410:
6401:
6391:
6389:
6372:
6366:
6365:
6362:
6361:
6359:
6358:
6349:
6340:
6330:
6328:
6311:
6302:
6296:
6295:
6293:
6292:
6286:
6280:
6274:
6268:
6261:
6258:
6257:
6246:
6245:
6238:
6231:
6223:
6217:
6216:
6203:
6191:
6178:
6166:
6165:(August 2016).
6152:
6146:
6134:
6128:
6122:
6116:
6099:
6090:
6079:
6078:External links
6076:
6074:
6073:
6067:
6050:
6049:
6048:
6039:
6030:
6021:
6012:
6003:
5994:
5985:
5970:
5957:
5944:978-1306124683
5943:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5921:
5920:
5908:
5896:
5881:
5869:
5857:
5845:
5833:
5821:
5809:
5803:978-1411606432
5802:
5784:
5764:
5712:
5685:
5652:
5622:
5592:
5552:
5527:
5505:
5472:
5453:(3): 197β203.
5437:
5418:(5): 586β599.
5397:
5378:(4): 296β304.
5358:
5339:(3): 306β321.
5308:
5297:(1β2): 13β17.
5281:
5255:
5243:
5202:
5137:
5106:
5092:978-0123736017
5091:
5065:
5016:
4989:(8): 871β872.
4973:
4916:
4883:
4857:
4827:10.1086/368759
4798:
4767:
4764:on 4 May 2016.
4738:
4708:
4657:
4627:
4564:
4549:
4522:
4507:
4486:(2): 627β634.
4457:
4436:
4417:
4402:
4356:
4341:
4334:
4313:
4274:
4262:
4244:
4206:
4191:
4164:(4): 329β339.
4139:
4122:
4095:(4): 359β369.
4076:
4054:
4007:) in the wild"
3989:
3952:(10): 105059.
3932:
3926:978-1435110090
3925:
3907:
3872:
3821:
3802:(4): 901β918.
3786:
3759:(3): 195β211.
3740:
3710:
3667:
3641:
3623:978-0521555364
3622:
3599:
3581:978-0919879898
3580:
3574:. p. 20.
3556:
3530:
3512:
3477:
3473:McNeilage 2001
3460:
3425:
3406:
3380:
3336:(4): 427β444.
3321:Pongo pygmaeus
3293:
3258:
3217:
3199:
3173:
3158:
3147:(3): 287β300.
3127:
3100:(6): 523β559.
3084:
3078:978-0851122359
3077:
3050:
3044:978-0815511045
3043:
3021:
2978:
2935:
2925:978-0919879898
2924:
2904:
2877:(2): 205β210.
2857:
2828:(3): 600β612.
2808:
2767:
2725:
2713:
2672:
2630:
2618:
2603:
2576:
2570:978-1400050581
2569:
2533:
2527:978-8496553897
2526:
2498:
2471:
2427:(3): 447β455.
2404:
2371:Human Genetics
2361:
2340:(3): 424β434.
2328:(March 2003).
2326:Nei, Masatoshi
2316:
2293:
2255:
2227:
2188:
2175:10.1086/347644
2150:
2132:
2083:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2011:
2009:
2006:
1832:In Cameroon's
1811:
1808:
1709:
1706:
1634:
1631:
1604:
1601:
1490:Jeffries Wyman
1477:
1474:
1438:
1435:
1394:
1391:
1356:
1353:
1311:
1308:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1237:
1234:
1198:
1195:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1149:montane forest
1128:
1125:
1076:sagittal crest
999:
996:
988:Bwindi gorilla
974:
973:
960: CR
955:
937:
935:Western Africa
933:
930:
929:
919:
906:Two subspecies
905:
904:
903:
902:
887:
874:
873:
860: CR
855:
829:
827:Central Africa
825:
822:
821:
811:
804:G. b. beringei
798:Two subspecies
797:
796:
795:
794:
780:
767:
766:
763:
760:
757:
754:
748:β two species
727:Primatologists
716:
715:
711:
710:
707:
706:
702:
701:
698:
697:
693:
692:
689:
688:
684:
683:
680:
679:
675:
674:
671:
670:
659:
656:
655:
652:
651:
637:
632:
630:
627:
626:
623:
622:
611:
606:
604:
601:
600:
597:
596:
584:
579:
577:
574:
573:
570:
569:
561:
556:
554:
548:
545:
544:
525:
522:
495:Jeffries Wyman
470:
419:
416:
395:living in the
373:Albertine Rift
336:that of humans
286:
285:
284:
283:
272:
271:
265:
264:
260:
259:
251:
250:
234:
233:
229:
228:
222:
213:
212:
206:
205:
191:
187:
186:
181:
177:
176:
171:
167:
166:
161:
157:
156:
151:
147:
146:
141:
137:
136:
131:
127:
126:
121:
117:
116:
111:
107:
106:
101:
97:
96:
91:
87:
86:
73:
72:
60:
59:
51:
50:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
11133:
11122:
11119:
11117:
11114:
11112:
11109:
11107:
11104:
11102:
11099:
11097:
11094:
11092:
11089:
11087:
11084:
11083:
11081:
11064:
11059:
11055:
11051:
11046:
11042:
11038:
11033:
11029:
11025:
11020:
11016:
11012:
11007:
11003:
10999:
10994:
10990:
10986:
10981:
10977:
10973:
10968:
10964:
10960:
10955:
10951:
10947:
10942:
10938:
10934:
10929:
10925:
10921:
10916:
10912:
10908:
10903:
10899:
10895:
10890:
10886:
10881:
10875:
10871:
10866:
10860:
10856:
10855:
10853:
10851:
10847:
10843:
10838:
10831:
10826:
10821:
10820:
10817:
10800:
10769:
10768:
10761:
10758:
10757:
10750:
10747:
10746:
10739:
10737:
10736:
10735:Kenyanthropus
10729:
10727:
10726:
10722:
10719:
10718:
10711:
10709:
10708:
10701:
10698:
10697:
10690:
10689:
10687:
10685:
10681:
10675:
10674:
10670:
10669:
10666:
10663:
10661:
10657:
10650:
10649:
10642:
10640:
10639:
10635:
10632:
10631:
10624:
10623:
10621:
10619:
10615:
10609:
10608:
10604:
10601:
10600:
10596:
10593:
10592:
10588:
10586:
10585:
10581:
10579:
10578:
10574:
10572:
10571:
10570:Anoiapithecus
10567:
10566:
10564:
10562:
10561:Dryopithecini
10555:
10552:
10549:
10544:
10534:
10533:
10526:
10524:
10523:
10519:
10517:
10516:
10509:
10507:
10506:
10499:
10497:
10496:
10489:
10487:
10486:
10479:
10477:
10476:
10469:
10467:
10466:
10459:
10458:
10456:
10454:
10450:
10444:
10443:
10436:
10434:
10433:
10426:
10424:
10423:
10416:
10414:
10413:
10406:
10405:
10402:
10398:
10395:
10392:
10387:
10377:
10376:
10369:
10367:
10366:
10362:
10360:
10359:
10355:
10353:
10352:
10345:
10343:
10342:
10338:
10336:
10335:
10331:
10329:
10328:
10321:
10320:
10318:
10316:
10312:
10306:
10305:
10301:
10299:
10298:
10294:
10292:
10291:
10290:Rukwapithecus
10287:
10285:
10284:
10280:
10277:
10276:
10272:
10270:
10269:
10265:
10262:
10261:
10260:Micropithecus
10257:
10255:
10254:
10250:
10249:
10247:
10245:
10238:
10232:
10231:
10224:
10222:
10221:
10214:
10212:
10211:
10210:Otavipithecus
10204:
10202:
10201:
10194:
10192:
10191:
10184:
10182:
10181:
10180:Kenyapithecus
10174:
10171:
10170:
10163:
10161:
10160:
10153:
10151:
10150:
10143:
10141:
10140:
10133:
10131:
10130:
10123:
10122:
10119:
10115:
10112:
10109:
10104:
10100:
10096:
10091:
10087:
10078:
10053:
10052:
10051:
10050:
10048:
10046:
10042:
10038:
10024:
10023:
10022:Theropithecus
10019:
10017:
10016:
10009:
10007:
10006:
10002:
10000:
9999:
9992:
9990:
9989:
9988:Procercocebus
9982:
9980:
9979:
9972:
9970:
9969:
9962:
9960:
9959:
9952:
9950:
9949:
9945:
9943:
9942:
9938:
9936:
9935:
9931:
9929:
9928:
9924:
9922:
9921:
9920:Gorgopithecus
9914:
9912:
9911:
9904:
9902:
9901:
9897:
9896:
9894:
9892:
9888:
9882:
9881:
9874:
9872:
9871:
9867:
9865:
9864:
9860:
9858:
9857:
9853:
9851:
9850:
9849:Cercopithecus
9846:
9844:
9843:
9842:Allochrocebus
9839:
9837:
9836:
9832:
9831:
9829:
9827:
9823:
9820:
9818:
9814:
9808:
9807:
9803:
9801:
9800:
9796:
9794:
9793:
9792:Semnopithecus
9789:
9787:
9786:
9779:
9777:
9776:
9775:Rhinopithecus
9772:
9770:
9769:
9762:
9760:
9759:
9755:
9753:
9752:
9748:
9746:
9745:
9741:
9739:
9738:
9734:
9732:
9731:
9730:Parapresbytis
9724:
9722:
9721:
9714:
9712:
9711:
9707:
9705:
9704:
9697:
9695:
9694:
9687:
9685:
9684:
9677:
9675:
9674:
9673:Kuseracolobus
9667:
9665:
9664:
9657:
9655:
9654:
9650:
9648:
9647:
9640:
9639:
9637:
9635:
9631:
9625:
9624:
9620:
9618:
9617:
9613:
9610:
9609:
9605:
9602:
9601:
9597:
9595:
9594:
9590:
9589:
9587:
9585:
9578:
9572:
9571:
9564:
9563:
9560:
9557:
9554:
9549:
9535:
9534:
9530:
9528:
9527:
9523:
9521:
9520:
9519:Laccopithecus
9516:
9514:
9513:
9509:
9507:
9506:
9505:Egarapithecus
9502:
9500:
9499:
9495:
9493:
9492:
9488:
9486:
9485:
9481:
9480:
9478:
9476:
9472:
9466:
9465:
9461:
9459:
9458:
9454:
9453:
9451:
9449:
9445:
9439:
9438:
9434:
9432:
9431:
9427:
9426:
9424:
9422:
9418:
9412:
9411:
9404:
9402:
9401:
9397:
9395:
9394:
9390:
9389:
9386:
9383:
9381:
9374:
9368:
9367:
9363:
9361:
9360:
9356:
9355:
9353:
9351:
9344:
9338:
9337:
9336:Talahpithecus
9333:
9331:
9330:
9329:Oligopithecus
9326:
9324:
9323:
9319:
9318:
9316:
9314:
9307:
9301:
9300:
9293:
9291:
9290:
9289:Micropithecus
9283:
9282:
9279:
9275:
9272:
9269:
9264:
9260:
9256:
9251:
9247:
9238:
9213:
9212:
9211:
9210:
9208:
9206:
9202:
9198:
9188:
9187:
9183:
9181:
9180:
9173:
9171:
9170:
9166:
9164:
9163:
9159:
9157:
9156:
9152:
9150:
9149:
9145:
9143:
9142:
9138:
9136:
9135:
9131:
9130:
9128:
9126:
9122:
9116:
9115:
9111:
9109:
9108:
9104:
9102:
9101:
9094:
9092:
9091:
9084:
9082:
9081:
9074:
9072:
9071:
9064:
9062:
9061:
9057:
9055:
9054:
9047:
9046:
9044:
9042:
9038:
9032:
9031:
9024:
9022:
9021:
9014:
9012:
9011:
9010:Protopithecus
9004:
9002:
9001:
8994:
8992:
8991:
8987:
8985:
8984:
8977:
8975:
8974:
8970:
8968:
8967:
8960:
8958:
8957:
8950:
8948:
8947:
8940:
8938:
8937:
8933:
8931:
8930:
8926:
8924:
8923:
8919:
8918:
8916:
8914:
8910:
8904:
8903:
8896:
8894:
8893:
8886:
8884:
8883:
8876:
8874:
8873:
8872:Plecturocebus
8869:
8867:
8866:
8862:
8860:
8859:
8852:
8850:
8849:
8848:Miocallicebus
8842:
8840:
8839:
8832:
8830:
8829:
8822:
8820:
8819:
8812:
8810:
8809:
8805:
8803:
8802:
8798:
8796:
8795:
8788:
8786:
8785:
8778:
8776:
8775:
8771:
8769:
8768:
8764:
8762:
8761:
8754:
8753:
8751:
8749:
8745:
8739:
8738:
8731:
8729:
8728:
8724:
8723:
8721:
8719:
8715:
8709:
8708:
8701:
8699:
8698:
8691:
8689:
8688:
8681:
8679:
8678:
8671:
8669:
8668:
8661:
8659:
8658:
8651:
8650:
8647:
8644:
8641:
8636:
8622:
8621:
8617:
8615:
8614:
8610:
8608:
8607:
8603:
8601:
8600:
8596:
8594:
8593:
8589:
8588:
8586:
8584:
8580:
8574:
8573:
8569:
8567:
8566:
8562:
8561:
8559:
8557:
8553:
8547:
8546:
8542:
8540:
8539:
8535:
8534:
8531:
8528:
8526:
8519:
8513:
8512:
8511:Siamopithecus
8508:
8506:
8505:
8501:
8499:
8498:
8494:
8492:
8491:
8487:
8485:
8484:
8480:
8477:
8476:
8475:Bugtipithecus
8472:
8470:
8469:
8468:Amphipithecus
8465:
8464:
8462:
8460:
8453:
8447:
8446:
8442:
8440:
8439:
8435:
8433:
8432:
8428:
8427:
8425:
8423:
8416:
8410:
8409:
8405:
8403:
8402:
8398:
8397:
8395:
8392:
8391:Afrotarsiidae
8385:
8378:
8377:
8370:
8367:
8366:
8359:
8357:
8356:
8355:Aseanpithecus
8349:
8347:
8346:
8339:
8336:
8335:
8328:
8327:
8324:
8320:
8317:
8314:
8309:
8305:
8301:
8296:
8292:
8282:
8260:
8259:
8258:
8257:
8255:
8253:
8249:
8238:
8237:
8230:
8228:
8227:
8223:
8221:
8220:
8213:
8211:
8210:
8203:
8201:
8200:
8199:Cephalopachus
8196:
8194:
8193:
8189:
8188:
8186:
8184:
8180:
8173:
8171:
8163:
8160:
8159:
8158:Afrotarsiidae
8152:
8150:
8149:
8142:
8141:
8138:
8135:
8133:
8129:
8125:
8115:
8114:
8110:
8108:
8107:
8103:
8101:
8100:
8096:
8095:
8093:
8091:
8090:Tarkadectinae
8087:
8081:
8080:
8076:
8074:
8073:
8069:
8067:
8066:
8062:
8060:
8059:
8055:
8053:
8052:
8048:
8046:
8045:
8041:
8039:
8038:
8034:
8032:
8031:
8027:
8025:
8024:
8020:
8018:
8017:
8013:
8011:
8010:
8006:
8004:
8003:
7999:
7997:
7996:
7992:
7990:
7989:
7985:
7983:
7982:
7978:
7976:
7975:
7971:
7969:
7968:
7964:
7962:
7961:
7960:Ekwiiyemakius
7957:
7955:
7954:
7950:
7948:
7947:
7943:
7941:
7940:
7936:
7934:
7933:
7929:
7927:
7926:
7922:
7920:
7919:
7915:
7913:
7912:
7911:Ageitodendron
7908:
7907:
7905:
7902:
7897:
7891:
7890:
7886:
7884:
7883:
7879:
7877:
7876:
7872:
7870:
7869:
7865:
7863:
7862:
7858:
7856:
7855:
7851:
7849:
7848:
7844:
7842:
7841:
7837:
7835:
7834:
7830:
7828:
7827:
7823:
7821:
7820:
7816:
7814:
7813:
7809:
7807:
7806:
7802:
7800:
7799:
7795:
7793:
7792:
7791:Anaptomorphus
7788:
7786:
7785:
7781:
7780:
7778:
7775:
7770:
7764:
7763:
7759:
7757:
7756:
7752:
7750:
7749:
7745:
7743:
7742:
7738:
7736:
7735:
7731:
7729:
7728:
7724:
7722:
7721:
7717:
7715:
7714:
7710:
7708:
7707:
7703:
7702:
7700:
7698:
7694:
7688:
7687:
7683:
7681:
7680:
7676:
7673:
7672:
7668:
7665:
7664:
7660:
7659:
7656:
7653:
7649:
7640:
7636:
7632:
7627:
7623:
7617:
7613:
7611:
7607:
7605:
7601:
7599:
7595:
7594:
7591:
7587:
7580:
7575:
7573:
7568:
7566:
7561:
7560:
7557:
7545:
7542:
7540:
7537:
7535:
7532:
7530:
7527:
7525:
7522:
7520:
7517:
7515:
7512:
7510:
7507:
7505:
7502:
7500:
7497:
7495:
7492:
7490:
7487:
7485:
7482:
7480:
7477:
7475:
7472:
7470:
7467:
7466:
7464:
7462:
7458:
7452:
7449:
7447:
7444:
7442:
7439:
7437:
7434:
7432:
7429:
7427:
7424:
7422:
7419:
7417:
7414:
7412:
7409:
7407:
7404:
7402:
7399:
7397:
7394:
7392:
7389:
7387:
7384:
7382:
7379:
7377:
7374:
7372:
7369:
7367:
7364:
7362:
7359:
7357:
7354:
7352:
7349:
7347:
7344:
7342:
7339:
7337:
7334:
7332:
7329:
7327:
7324:
7322:
7319:
7317:
7314:
7312:
7309:
7307:
7304:
7302:
7299:
7297:
7294:
7292:
7289:
7287:
7284:
7282:
7279:
7278:
7276:
7274:
7270:
7264:
7261:
7259:
7256:
7254:
7251:
7249:
7246:
7244:
7241:
7239:
7236:
7234:
7231:
7229:
7226:
7224:
7221:
7219:
7216:
7214:
7211:
7209:
7208:J. Fred Muggs
7206:
7204:
7201:
7199:
7196:
7194:
7191:
7189:
7186:
7184:
7181:
7179:
7176:
7174:
7171:
7169:
7166:
7164:
7161:
7159:
7156:
7154:
7151:
7149:
7146:
7144:
7141:
7139:
7136:
7134:
7131:
7129:
7126:
7124:
7121:
7119:
7116:
7114:
7111:
7109:
7106:
7104:
7101:
7099:
7096:
7094:
7091:
7089:
7086:
7084:
7081:
7079:
7076:
7074:
7071:
7070:
7068:
7066:
7062:
7056:
7053:
7051:
7048:
7046:
7043:
7042:
7040:
7038:
7034:
7027:
7024:
7022:
7019:
7017:
7014:
7012:
7009:
7008:
7004:
7000:
6992:
6987:
6985:
6980:
6978:
6973:
6972:
6969:
6957:
6949:
6948:
6945:
6939:
6936:
6934:
6931:
6929:
6926:
6924:
6921:
6919:
6916:
6914:
6911:
6909:
6906:
6903:
6900:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6885:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6875:
6873:
6870:
6867:
6866:Apes in space
6864:
6861:
6858:
6856:
6853:
6852:
6850:
6846:
6840:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6830:
6827:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6806:
6804:
6802:
6801:social status
6796:
6790:
6787:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6767:
6765:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6737:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6727:
6725:
6722:
6720:
6717:
6716:
6714:
6712:Study of apes
6710:
6705:
6694:
6690:
6687:
6682:
6678:
6675:
6672:
6668:
6665:
6662:
6658:
6655:
6654:
6653:
6652:
6648:
6643:
6639:
6636:
6633:
6629:
6626:
6625:
6624:
6623:
6619:
6614:
6610:
6607:
6604:
6600:
6597:
6596:
6595:
6594:
6590:
6585:
6581:
6578:
6577:
6576:
6575:
6571:
6570:
6568:
6566:
6560:
6556:
6549:
6544:
6542:
6537:
6535:
6530:
6529:
6526:
6514:
6506:
6505:
6502:
6484:
6482:
6477:
6476:
6474:
6466:
6465:
6460:
6454:
6452:
6447:
6445:
6443:
6438:
6437:
6435:
6430:
6429:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6415:
6409:
6407:
6402:
6400:
6398:
6393:
6392:
6390:
6382:
6381:
6376:
6373:
6371:
6367:
6357:
6355:
6350:
6348:
6346:
6341:
6339:
6337:
6332:
6331:
6329:
6321:
6320:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6297:
6291:
6287:
6285:
6281:
6279:
6275:
6273:
6269:
6267:
6263:
6262:
6259:
6255:
6244:
6239:
6237:
6232:
6230:
6225:
6224:
6221:
6215:
6211:
6209:
6204:
6202:
6198:
6197:
6192:
6190:
6186:
6184:
6179:
6177:
6173:
6172:
6167:
6164:
6160:
6156:
6153:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6141:
6138:
6135:
6132:
6129:
6126:
6123:
6120:
6117:
6114:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6100:
6097:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6085:
6082:
6081:
6070:
6064:
6060:
6056:
6051:
6045:
6040:
6036:
6031:
6027:
6022:
6018:
6013:
6009:
6004:
6000:
5995:
5991:
5986:
5982:
5977:
5976:
5973:
5967:
5963:
5958:
5954:
5950:
5946:
5940:
5936:
5931:
5930:
5917:
5912:
5905:
5900:
5894:, p. 92.
5893:
5888:
5886:
5878:
5873:
5866:
5861:
5854:
5849:
5842:
5837:
5830:
5825:
5818:
5813:
5805:
5799:
5795:
5788:
5780:
5779:
5774:
5768:
5760:
5756:
5752:
5748:
5744:
5740:
5736:
5729:
5727:
5725:
5723:
5721:
5719:
5717:
5701:
5700:
5695:
5689:
5673:
5669:
5668:
5663:
5656:
5640:
5636:
5632:
5626:
5610:
5606:
5605:New Scientist
5602:
5596:
5588:
5584:
5577:
5573:
5572:
5567:
5565:
5556:
5541:
5537:
5531:
5515:
5509:
5493:
5489:
5485:
5479:
5477:
5468:
5464:
5460:
5456:
5452:
5448:
5441:
5433:
5429:
5425:
5421:
5417:
5413:
5406:
5404:
5402:
5393:
5389:
5385:
5381:
5377:
5373:
5369:
5362:
5354:
5350:
5346:
5342:
5338:
5334:
5330:
5328:
5319:
5317:
5315:
5313:
5304:
5300:
5296:
5292:
5285:
5269:
5265:
5259:
5252:
5247:
5239:
5235:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5217:
5213:
5206:
5198:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5180:
5176:
5172:
5168:
5164:
5160:
5156:
5152:
5148:
5141:
5125:
5121:
5117:
5110:
5102:
5098:
5094:
5088:
5084:
5080:
5076:
5069:
5061:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5043:
5039:
5035:
5031:
5027:
5020:
5012:
5008:
5004:
5000:
4996:
4992:
4988:
4984:
4977:
4969:
4965:
4961:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4943:
4939:
4936:(7116): 164.
4935:
4931:
4927:
4920:
4904:
4900:
4899:
4894:
4887:
4871:
4867:
4861:
4850:
4846:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4828:
4824:
4820:
4816:
4809:
4802:
4794:
4790:
4786:
4782:
4780:
4771:
4763:
4759:
4758:
4754:
4750:
4742:
4726:
4722:
4718:
4712:
4704:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4676:
4672:
4668:
4661:
4645:
4641:
4637:
4631:
4623:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4595:
4591:
4587:
4583:
4579:
4577:
4568:
4560:
4553:
4545:
4541:
4537:
4533:
4526:
4519:
4518:Fletcher 2001
4514:
4512:
4503:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4485:
4481:
4477:
4475:
4466:
4464:
4462:
4454:
4449:
4447:
4445:
4443:
4441:
4432:
4428:
4421:
4414:
4409:
4407:
4398:
4394:
4390:
4386:
4382:
4378:
4374:
4370:
4363:
4361:
4353:
4348:
4346:
4337:
4331:
4327:
4320:
4318:
4309:
4305:
4301:
4297:
4293:
4289:
4285:
4278:
4271:
4266:
4258:
4251:
4249:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4228:
4224:
4220:
4213:
4211:
4203:
4198:
4196:
4187:
4183:
4179:
4175:
4171:
4167:
4163:
4159:
4155:
4148:
4146:
4144:
4136:
4131:
4129:
4127:
4118:
4114:
4110:
4106:
4102:
4098:
4094:
4090:
4083:
4081:
4072:
4065:
4063:
4061:
4059:
4050:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4008:
4006:
4002:
3993:
3985:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3936:
3928:
3922:
3918:
3911:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3876:
3868:
3864:
3860:
3856:
3852:
3848:
3844:
3840:
3836:
3832:
3825:
3817:
3813:
3809:
3805:
3801:
3797:
3790:
3782:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3747:
3745:
3728:
3724:
3720:
3714:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3678:
3671:
3655:
3651:
3645:
3629:
3625:
3619:
3615:
3614:
3606:
3604:
3587:
3583:
3577:
3573:
3569:
3568:
3560:
3544:
3540:
3534:
3526:
3519:
3517:
3508:
3504:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3481:
3474:
3469:
3467:
3465:
3456:
3444:
3436:
3429:
3421:
3413:
3411:
3395:
3391:
3384:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3324:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3297:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3262:
3254:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3221:
3213:
3209:
3203:
3187:
3183:
3177:
3169:
3162:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3131:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3088:
3080:
3074:
3070:
3069:
3061:
3059:
3057:
3055:
3046:
3040:
3035:
3034:
3025:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2982:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2939:
2931:
2927:
2921:
2917:
2916:
2908:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2861:
2853:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2812:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2787:
2782:
2780:
2771:
2762:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2748:
2743:
2741:
2732:
2730:
2722:
2717:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2692:
2687:
2685:
2676:
2667:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2653:
2648:
2646:
2637:
2635:
2627:
2622:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2604:0-801-88221-4
2600:
2596:
2595:
2590:
2589:Wilson, D. E.
2586:
2585:Groves, C. P.
2580:
2572:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2557:
2552:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2529:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2514:Wilson, D. E.
2511:
2505:
2503:
2486:
2482:
2475:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2415:
2408:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2365:
2357:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2320:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2297:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2262:
2260:
2244:
2240:
2234:
2232:
2220:
2216:
2209:
2205:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2169:(1): 87β102.
2168:
2164:
2160:
2154:
2146:
2142:
2136:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2099:
2094:
2087:
2079:
2072:
2068:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1996:
1991:
1990:
1985:
1984:
1979:
1978:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1966:
1961:
1957:
1956:Gorilla Grodd
1954:supervillain
1953:
1949:
1945:
1940:
1938:
1937:
1932:
1931:
1926:
1922:
1921:
1916:
1915:
1910:
1909:
1904:
1903:
1898:
1897:
1892:
1891:
1886:
1882:
1877:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1849:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1807:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1779:
1777:
1772:
1771:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1737:IUCN Red List
1734:
1730:
1723:
1719:
1714:
1705:
1704:differently.
1703:
1697:
1693:
1682:
1666:
1661:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1644:
1639:
1627:
1609:
1600:
1598:
1595:. The SIVgor
1594:
1590:
1586:
1585:G. g. gorilla
1582:
1578:
1575:
1571:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1556:
1551:
1549:
1548:Robert Yerkes
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1524:
1522:
1519:The explorer
1514:
1509:
1505:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1473:
1470:
1465:
1463:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1444:
1434:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1423:sign language
1420:
1411:
1406:
1400:
1390:
1386:
1383:
1377:
1374:
1369:
1368:vocalisations
1362:
1355:Communication
1352:
1348:
1340:
1336:
1334:
1330:
1324:
1316:
1307:
1303:
1295:
1291:
1289:
1283:
1275:
1269:
1265:
1250:
1247:
1243:
1233:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1209:
1204:
1194:
1190:
1182:
1178:
1170:
1156:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1133:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1004:
995:
991:
989:
985:
981:
972:
963:
962:
956:
953:
947:
941:
938:
934:
927:
923:
922:G. g. gorilla
920:
917:
913:
910:
909:
897:
891:
888:
886:
884:
879:
875:
872:
863:
862:
856:
853:
849:
845:
839:
833:
830:
826:
819:
815:
814:G. b. graueri
812:
809:
805:
802:
801:
789:
784:
781:
779:
777:
772:
768:
751:
745:
740:
739:
738:
730:
728:
724:
709:
708:
700:
699:
691:
690:
682:
681:
673:
672:
669:
667:
666:
658:
657:
654:
653:
650:
648:
647:
642:
636:
635:
629:
628:
625:
624:
621:
620:
618:
610:
609:
603:
602:
599:
598:
595:
593:
590: (genus
589:
583:
582:
576:
575:
572:
571:
568:
566:
560:
559:
552:
551:
547:
546:
541:
538:
536:
531:
521:
519:
515:
512:
511:Ancient Greek
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
487:
485:
481:
469:
464:
462:
461:Andrew Battel
457:
455:
451:
447:
443:
435:
431:
425:
415:
413:
409:
404:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
377:cloud forests
374:
371:inhabits the
370:
366:
362:
357:
355:
352:
347:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
279:
278:Pseudogorilla
276:
275:
273:
270:
266:
261:
257:
252:
249:
248:
247:
242:
241:
235:
230:
225:
220:
219:
214:
211:
207:
202:
197:
196:
192:
189:
188:
185:
182:
179:
178:
175:
172:
169:
168:
165:
162:
159:
158:
155:
152:
149:
148:
145:
142:
139:
138:
135:
132:
129:
128:
125:
122:
119:
118:
115:
112:
109:
108:
105:
102:
99:
98:
95:
92:
89:
88:
83:
78:
74:
70:
65:
61:
57:
52:
47:
44:
40:
33:
19:
10849:
10767:Paranthropus
10765:
10754:
10743:
10733:
10723:
10715:
10705:
10696:Ardipithecus
10694:
10671:
10646:
10637:
10636:
10628:
10607:Rudapithecus
10605:
10597:
10589:
10584:Dryopithecus
10582:
10575:
10568:
10532:Sivapithecus
10530:
10520:
10515:Meganthropus
10513:
10503:
10493:
10485:Indopithecus
10483:
10473:
10463:
10440:
10430:
10420:
10410:
10373:
10365:Symphalangus
10363:
10356:
10349:
10339:
10332:
10327:Bunopithecus
10325:
10302:
10295:
10288:
10281:
10275:Oreopithecus
10273:
10266:
10258:
10251:
10228:
10218:
10208:
10198:
10188:
10178:
10167:
10157:
10147:
10137:
10129:Afropithecus
10127:
10020:
10013:
10003:
9996:
9986:
9976:
9966:
9956:
9946:
9939:
9932:
9925:
9918:
9910:Dinopithecus
9908:
9898:
9880:Nanopithecus
9878:
9868:
9863:Erythrocebus
9861:
9854:
9847:
9840:
9833:
9804:
9797:
9790:
9783:
9773:
9768:Rhinocolobus
9766:
9756:
9749:
9742:
9737:Piliocolobus
9735:
9728:
9718:
9708:
9703:Microcolobus
9701:
9693:Mesopithecus
9691:
9683:Libypithecus
9681:
9671:
9661:
9651:
9644:
9621:
9614:
9608:Prohylobates
9606:
9598:
9593:Noropithecus
9591:
9568:
9531:
9524:
9517:
9510:
9503:
9496:
9489:
9482:
9475:Crouzeliidae
9462:
9455:
9437:Pliopithecus
9435:
9428:
9408:
9398:
9391:
9364:
9357:
9334:
9327:
9322:Catopithecus
9320:
9297:
9287:
9184:
9177:
9167:
9160:
9153:
9146:
9139:
9132:
9112:
9105:
9098:
9088:
9078:
9070:Dolichocebus
9068:
9058:
9051:
9028:
9018:
9008:
8998:
8988:
8981:
8971:
8964:
8954:
8944:
8934:
8927:
8920:
8900:
8890:
8880:
8870:
8863:
8856:
8846:
8838:Mazzonicebus
8836:
8826:
8816:
8806:
8799:
8794:Cebupithecia
8792:
8782:
8772:
8765:
8760:Antillothrix
8758:
8735:
8725:
8705:
8695:
8685:
8675:
8667:Perupithecus
8665:
8655:
8618:
8611:
8606:Parapithecus
8604:
8597:
8590:
8570:
8563:
8543:
8536:
8509:
8502:
8495:
8488:
8481:
8473:
8466:
8443:
8436:
8429:
8406:
8399:
8376:Phileosimias
8374:
8363:
8353:
8343:
8334:Altiatlasius
8332:
8236:Xanthorhysis
8234:
8224:
8219:Oligotarsius
8217:
8207:
8197:
8190:
8167:
8156:
8146:
8132:Tarsiiformes
8111:
8104:
8097:
8077:
8070:
8063:
8056:
8049:
8042:
8035:
8028:
8021:
8014:
8007:
8000:
7995:Macrotarsius
7993:
7986:
7979:
7972:
7965:
7958:
7951:
7944:
7937:
7930:
7923:
7916:
7909:
7887:
7880:
7873:
7866:
7859:
7852:
7847:Strigorhysis
7845:
7840:Sphacorhysis
7838:
7831:
7824:
7819:Chlororhysis
7817:
7810:
7803:
7796:
7789:
7782:
7760:
7753:
7746:
7739:
7732:
7725:
7720:Microchoerus
7718:
7711:
7704:
7684:
7677:
7671:Altiatlasius
7669:
7661:
7272:
7213:Nim Chimpsky
6814:Research ban
6774:Elgin Center
6759:Willie Smits
6734:Jane Goodall
6680:
6670:
6660:
6649:
6641:
6631:
6621:
6620:
6612:
6602:
6591:
6583:
6572:
6480:
6462:
6450:
6449:Chimpanzee (
6441:
6426:
6405:
6396:
6379:
6378:
6353:
6344:
6335:
6325:(Orangutans)
6317:
6253:(great apes)
6207:
6195:
6182:
6170:
6103:
6087:
6054:
6043:
6034:
6025:
6016:
6007:
5998:
5989:
5980:
5961:
5934:
5911:
5899:
5872:
5860:
5848:
5836:
5824:
5812:
5793:
5787:
5777:
5767:
5742:
5738:
5703:. Retrieved
5697:
5688:
5678:30 September
5676:. Retrieved
5667:The Guardian
5665:
5655:
5643:. Retrieved
5625:
5613:. Retrieved
5595:
5575:
5569:
5563:
5555:
5543:. Retrieved
5539:
5530:
5518:. Retrieved
5508:
5498:15 September
5496:. Retrieved
5450:
5446:
5440:
5415:
5411:
5375:
5371:
5367:
5361:
5336:
5332:
5326:
5294:
5290:
5284:
5272:. Retrieved
5267:
5258:
5246:
5215:
5205:
5154:
5150:
5140:
5128:. Retrieved
5119:
5109:
5074:
5068:
5033:
5029:
5019:
4986:
4982:
4976:
4933:
4929:
4919:
4907:. Retrieved
4896:
4886:
4876:27 September
4874:. Retrieved
4870:the original
4860:
4818:
4814:
4801:
4793:the original
4788:
4784:
4778:
4770:
4762:the original
4756:
4752:
4748:
4741:
4729:. Retrieved
4720:
4711:
4677:(11): e380.
4674:
4671:PLOS Biology
4670:
4660:
4648:. Retrieved
4639:
4630:
4585:
4581:
4575:
4567:
4558:
4552:
4535:
4531:
4525:
4483:
4479:
4473:
4453:Stewart 2001
4430:
4420:
4413:Sicotte 2001
4372:
4368:
4325:
4291:
4287:
4283:
4277:
4265:
4256:
4222:
4218:
4161:
4157:
4153:
4135:Robbins 2001
4092:
4088:
4070:
4017:(1): 14673.
4014:
4010:
4004:
4000:
3992:
3949:
3945:
3935:
3916:
3910:
3888:(1): 42β55.
3885:
3881:
3875:
3845:(1): 29β40.
3842:
3838:
3834:
3830:
3824:
3799:
3795:
3789:
3756:
3752:
3733:27 September
3731:. Retrieved
3727:the original
3713:
3687:(1): 93β99.
3684:
3680:
3670:
3658:. Retrieved
3654:Gorilla Fund
3653:
3644:
3632:. Retrieved
3612:
3590:. Retrieved
3566:
3559:
3549:27 September
3547:. Retrieved
3543:the original
3533:
3524:
3490:
3486:
3480:
3434:
3428:
3419:
3397:. Retrieved
3393:
3383:
3371:. Retrieved
3364:the original
3333:
3329:
3320:
3316:
3315:), gorilla (
3312:
3309:Pan paniscus
3308:
3304:
3296:
3274:(2): 89β95.
3271:
3267:
3261:
3237:(1): 84β94.
3234:
3230:
3220:
3212:the original
3202:
3190:. Retrieved
3186:the original
3176:
3167:
3161:
3144:
3140:
3130:
3097:
3093:
3087:
3067:
3032:
3024:
2994:(1): 37β60.
2991:
2987:
2981:
2959:(1): 23β25.
2956:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2938:
2914:
2907:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2860:
2825:
2821:
2811:
2799:. Retrieved
2784:
2778:
2770:
2751:
2745:
2739:
2716:
2704:. Retrieved
2689:
2683:
2675:
2656:
2650:
2644:
2621:
2593:
2579:
2555:
2517:
2491:11 September
2489:. Retrieved
2485:the original
2474:
2463:the original
2424:
2420:
2407:
2374:
2370:
2364:
2337:
2333:
2319:
2311:the original
2306:
2296:
2274:(2): 55β61.
2271:
2267:
2246:. Retrieved
2219:the original
2214:
2166:
2162:
2153:
2145:the original
2135:
2102:
2096:
2092:
2086:
2077:
2071:
2025:Gorilla suit
1999:
1993:
1987:
1981:
1975:
1969:
1963:
1941:
1934:
1928:
1918:
1912:
1906:
1900:
1894:
1888:
1884:
1878:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1853:Albert Jenks
1850:
1831:
1780:
1768:
1726:
1698:
1694:
1662:
1647:
1606:
1584:
1579:
1567:
1564:Louis Leakey
1555:World War II
1552:
1543:
1536:Mary Bradley
1525:
1518:
1497:
1493:
1479:
1466:
1446:
1416:
1393:Intelligence
1387:
1378:
1365:
1349:
1345:
1325:
1321:
1304:
1300:
1284:
1280:
1239:
1230:
1214:
1191:
1187:
1175:
1153:
1138:
1110:
1102:type O blood
1095:
1080:
1060:
1054:
1046:
1013:Colin Groves
1009:
992:
979:
977:
964:
958:
951:
945:
939:
921:
912:G. g. diehli
911:
889:
880:
864:
858:
843:
837:
831:
813:
803:
782:
773:
753:Common name
736:
735:
734:
719:
663:
661:
644:
639:
616:
614:
613:
591:
586:
563:
527:
517:
514:
506:
488:
477:
466:
458:
450:Sierra Leone
442:Carthaginian
429:
427:
405:
358:
348:
314:
313:
290:
289:
281:Elliot, 1913
277:
244:
238:
237:
216:
210:Type species
194:
193:
150:Infraorder:
68:
43:
10967:iNaturalist
10874:Wikispecies
10315:Hylobatidae
10005:Rungwecebus
9870:Miopithecus
9856:Chlorocebus
9785:Sawecolobus
9720:Paracolobus
9484:Anapithecus
9400:Paidopithex
9155:Leontocebus
9090:Panamacebus
9000:Paralouatta
8936:Brachyteles
8828:Insulacebus
8748:Pitheciidae
8687:Canaanimico
8640:Platyrrhini
8592:Abuqatrania
8408:Afrotarsius
8313:Simiiformes
8300:Simiiformes
8252:Simiiformes
8106:Tarkadectes
7946:Diablomomys
7925:Brontomomys
7861:Teilhardina
7805:Arapahovius
7798:Anemorhysis
7762:Vectipithex
7755:Quercyloris
7748:Pseudoloris
7727:Nannopithex
7713:Melaneremia
7351:John Daniel
7188:Macaco TiΓ£o
7173:Little Mama
7148:Jo Mendi II
7065:Chimpanzees
6904:(non-human)
6868:(non-human)
6862:(non-human)
6769:Ian Redmond
6724:Dian Fossey
6671:P. pygmaeus
6632:G. beringei
6603:P. paniscus
6565:ape species
6442:P. paniscus
6397:G. beringei
6345:P. pygmaeus
6159:Smithsonian
5447:Zoo Biology
5412:Zoo Biology
5372:Zoo Biology
5333:Zoo Biology
5179:10261/80788
4821:: 177β197.
4751:Troglodytes
4588:(1): 6879.
4538:(1β2): 89.
4294:(1): 1β30.
4225:(1): 1β18.
3451:|work=
3330:Zoo Biology
2001:Donkey Kong
1986:(1988) and
1971:Son of Kong
1933:(1930) and
1902:The Gorilla
1871:; the root
1857:Bulu people
1765:Ebola virus
1591:origins of
1574:Dian Fossey
1528:Carl Akeley
1492:in 1847 in
1288:infanticide
1246:chimpanzees
1145:tributaries
1141:Congo River
1019:, northern
783:G. beringei
518:(gorillai)
440:500 BC), a
344:chimpanzees
295:herbivorous
201:I. Geoffroy
170:Subfamily:
154:Simiiformes
11080:Categories
10149:Equatorius
10108:Hominoidea
10095:Hominoidea
10054:see belowβ
10045:Hominoidea
9941:Mandrillus
9927:Lophocebus
9900:Cercocebus
9751:Procolobus
9512:Fanchangia
9268:Catarrhini
9255:Catarrhini
9214:see belowβ
9205:Catarrhini
9141:Callithrix
9080:Killikaike
8983:Mohanamico
8966:Chilecebus
8892:Soriacebus
8858:Nuciruptor
8818:Homunculus
8808:Chiropotes
8801:Cheracebus
8784:Carlocebus
8774:Callicebus
8737:Tremacebus
8707:Lagonimico
8697:Branisella
8677:Szalatavus
8504:Pondaungia
8422:Eosimiidae
8261:see belowβ
8148:Archicebus
8030:Shoshonius
7974:Hemiacodon
7953:Dyseolemur
7939:Chumashius
7882:Trogolemur
7875:Tetonoides
7784:Absarokius
7734:Necrolemur
7679:Bownomomys
7631:Haplorhini
7586:Haplorhini
7499:Joe Martin
7461:Orangutans
7163:Kokomo Jr.
7055:Panbanisha
6918:Monkey Day
6908:Great apes
6809:Personhood
6642:G. gorilla
6609:Chimpanzee
6584:H. sapiens
6481:H. sapiens
6406:G. gorilla
6386:(Gorillas)
6290:Haplorhini
6288:Suborder:
6251:Hominidae
6181:Genome of
6169:Genome of
5971:0521019869
5645:9 December
5545:14 January
5274:18 January
4836:10214/7693
4755:T. gorilla
4731:18 October
4335:0395282179
4270:Watts 2001
3399:26 January
3208:"Gorillas"
3192:10 October
2303:"ΞΟΟιλλαι"
2204:Groves, C.
2063:References
2056:Monkey Day
1855:noted the
1729:endangered
1681:coprophagy
1462:great apes
1427:great apes
1403:See also:
1382:ritualized
1201:See also:
1091:handedness
1033:overweight
890:G. gorilla
588:orangutans
456:, 146 BC.
454:Punic Wars
422:See also:
412:Endangered
328:subspecies
299:great apes
144:Haplorhini
140:Suborder:
11091:Gorillini
10618:Gorillini
10548:Homininae
10391:Hominidae
10341:Hylobates
10220:Proconsul
9978:Pliopapio
9968:Parapapio
9891:Papionini
9758:Pygathrix
9744:Presbytis
9634:Colobinae
9533:Pliobates
9498:Crouzelia
9299:Saadanius
9134:Callimico
9053:Acrecebus
9030:Stirtonia
8973:Lagothrix
8956:Cartelles
8902:Xenothrix
8657:Parvimico
8183:Tarsiidae
8170:Omomyidae
8065:Washakius
8051:Uintanius
8002:Nesomomys
7932:Chipetaia
7918:Asiomomys
7901:Omomyinae
7854:Tatmanius
7812:Aycrossia
7741:Paraloris
7706:Indusomys
7648:Omomyidae
7596:Kingdom:
7514:Ken Allen
7451:Willie B.
7426:Snowflake
7406:Pattycake
7321:Gargantua
7291:Binti Jua
7228:Panpanzee
6799:Legal and
6661:P. abelii
6651:Orangutan
6370:Homininae
6336:P. abelii
6300:Hominidae
6264:Kingdom:
6106:Factsheet
5953:863158343
5759:202289674
5583:cite iucn
5540:cites.org
4845:143950182
4532:Behaviour
3660:8 October
3453:ignored (
3443:cite book
3373:5 January
2801:24 August
2706:24 August
2288:221732306
2183:143874276
2127:162671887
2105:: 43β66.
1960:the Flash
1952:DC Comics
1927:cartoons
1896:King Kong
1669:disorders
1643:Basel Zoo
1633:Captivity
1253:Behaviour
1017:Alimbongo
530:Homininae
428:The word
385:sea level
184:Gorillini
174:Homininae
164:Hominidae
100:Kingdom:
94:Eukaryota
39:Guerrilla
11086:Gorillas
11011:12100787
10859:Wikidata
10830:Primates
10684:Hominina
10660:Hominini
10577:Danuvius
10453:Ponginae
10412:Buronius
10358:Nomascus
10297:Simiolus
9186:Saguinus
9148:Cebuella
9100:Patasola
9020:Solimoea
8922:Alouatta
8913:Atelidae
8865:Pithecia
8613:Qatrania
8538:Arsinoea
8438:Eosimias
8072:Wyomomys
8037:Steinius
8023:Rooneyia
7981:Jemezius
7889:Walshina
7868:Tetonius
7826:Gazinius
7686:Kohatius
7663:Altanius
7616:Primates
7610:Mammalia
7604:Chordata
7602:Phylum:
7598:Animalia
7273:Gorillas
7118:Gregoire
6956:Category
6877:Bushmeat
6513:Category
6470:(Humans)
6440:Bonobo (
6418:Hominini
6309:Ponginae
6284:Primates
6278:Mammalia
6272:Chordata
6270:Phylum:
6266:Animalia
6140:Archived
6109:Archived
5775:(1861).
5745:: 1β40.
5705:10 March
5672:Archived
5639:Archived
5609:Archived
5492:Archived
5467:24715297
5432:22038867
5392:26094937
5353:21563213
5268:BBC News
5238:Archived
5234:85141639
5197:22398555
5124:Archived
5101:18086407
5060:11405934
5011:76837833
5003:19648927
4968:27475571
4960:17093443
4903:Archived
4849:Archived
4725:Archived
4703:16187795
4650:22 March
4644:Archived
4622:33833252
4431:NBC News
4397:85023681
4389:31952383
4308:24667667
4288:Primates
4219:Ethology
4186:21995743
4178:25063274
4117:21216499
4109:12942370
4089:Primates
4049:34282175
3984:36147956
3946:iScience
3902:17902166
3867:85569302
3859:31941221
3816:22587913
3781:84681736
3773:31937009
3705:Archived
3628:Archived
3586:Archived
3567:Gorillas
3507:33021914
3493:: 1β14.
3487:Primates
3360:20853409
3253:29344933
3016:85136825
3008:31924084
2930:Archived
2915:Gorillas
2899:29723690
2891:16412845
2852:25534031
2795:Archived
2700:Archived
2613:62265494
2587:(2005).
2553:(1987).
2459:21074627
2399:32184430
2391:16395594
2356:12644563
2206:(2002).
2015:Bili ape
2008:See also
1989:Instinct
1980:(1949),
1974:(1933),
1939:(1944).
1917:(1943),
1911:(1942),
1834:Lebialem
1789:and the
1753:bushmeat
1751:for the
1749:poaching
1593:HIV/AIDS
1589:zoonotic
1566:and the
1496:, where
1437:Tool use
1226:tool use
1143:and its
1068:mandible
1029:Cameroon
984:trinomen
966:Unknown
948:: Forest
840:: Forest
788:Matschie
744:Geoffroy
516:ΞΟΟιλλαι
471:β
459:In 1625
375:montane
354:primates
322:and the
291:Gorillas
269:Synonyms
232:Species
160:Family:
134:Primates
124:Mammalia
114:Chordata
110:Phylum:
104:Animalia
90:Domain:
49:Gorilla
10985:1435397
10959:2436440
10894:Gorilla
10880:Gorilla
10850:Gorilla
10745:Orrorin
10638:Gorilla
10334:Hoolock
9710:Nasalis
9653:Colobus
9179:Micodon
9114:Sapajus
9107:Saimiri
9041:Cebidae
8990:Oreonax
8946:Caipora
8767:Cacajao
8718:Aotidae
8599:Apidium
8572:Serapia
8545:Biretia
8431:Bahinia
8401:Afrasia
8365:Nosmips
8345:Amamria
8226:Tarsius
8192:Carlito
8113:Tarkops
8079:Yaquius
8044:Stockia
8016:Ourayia
7988:Loveina
7614:Order:
7608:Class:
7489:Chantek
7474:Ah Meng
7421:Shabani
7386:Michael
7331:Harambe
7238:Santino
7098:Bubbles
7037:Bonobos
6872:Bigfoot
6855:Primate
6848:Related
6622:Gorilla
6479:Human (
6380:Gorilla
6282:Order:
6276:Class:
6176:Ensembl
6104:Gorilla
5935:Gorilla
5615:10 July
5520:12 June
5188:3303130
5159:Bibcode
5130:8 March
5120:Reuters
5051:1088480
4938:Bibcode
4909:6 April
4694:1236726
4613:8032651
4590:Bibcode
4502:3411555
4227:Bibcode
4040:8290027
4019:Bibcode
3975:9485909
3954:Bibcode
3689:Bibcode
3351:4258062
3317:Gorilla
3305:in situ
3288:3179697
3122:9210017
3102:Bibcode
2949:Gorilla
2843:4327160
2723:, p. 91
2721:Kingdon
2628:, p. 93
2626:Kingdon
2450:3046308
2429:Bibcode
2119:3171832
2035:Harambe
1995:Ishmael
1869:njamong
1770:Science
1735:on the
1702:welfare
1688:
1684:
1675:
1671:
1530:of the
1486:Liberia
1455:in the
1333:bonobos
1242:leopard
1197:Nesting
1159:Ecology
1072:maxilla
946:Habitat
898:, 1847)
838:Habitat
737:Gorilla
723:Ice Age
617:Gorilla
565:gibbons
503:Liberia
484:Chimera
446:African
430:gorilla
387:, with
379:of the
315:Gorilla
303:forests
195:Gorilla
190:Genus:
180:Tribe:
130:Order:
120:Class:
11050:417969
10998:572837
10946:1GORIG
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