231:
special summer legislative session provides evidence that legislators update their positions when learning about voters' policy preferences, indicating that a representative democracy can increase accountability when politicians learn about voters' preferences. A 2016 experiment in
Afghanistan regarding rural development projects, however, finds that when voters directly prioritize their preferences at the ballot box, they perceive the quality of local government to be higher than when a governing committee prioritizes development projects. These contrasting outcomes highlight a debate between trustees and delegates, though the lack of objective superior outcomes in projects decided by vote as opposed to committee in the Afghanistan experiment indicate neither is superior to the other in determining which public goods should be given priority.
141:
represent or act in the citizens' interest. A challenge is how to see to it that those with such power, who presumably have divergent interests from the citizens, nonetheless act in their best interests. Citizens can rely on rewards or sanctions to reward or threaten politicians who might otherwise act in a manner that is antithetical to the people's interest. Accountability occurs when citizens only vote to re-elect representatives who act in their interests, and if representatives then select policies that will help them be re-elected. "Governments are 'accountable' if voters can discern whether governments are acting in their interest and sanction them appropriately, so that those incumbents who act in the best interest of the citizens win reelection and those who do not lose them."
373:"where voters are generally willing to retain corrupt politicians", referred to as a "political corruption trap". This high corruption equilibrium is difficult to break due to interaction between corrupt politicians, voters who tolerate and retain corrupt politicians, and potential entrants or challengers who also engage in corrupt practices, leading to the maintenance of corruption. Economic development is associated with a decrease in corruption. Freedom of the press contributes to the reduction of corruption by exposing corrupt actions. Documentation on how a corrupt government (e.g.
568:' is a course taught by life experience". They adduce that the essential ingredient for acquiring valuesāand for moral actionāis personal responsibility, that schools will become involved in the teaching of morals when they become communities of people who fully respect each other's right to make choices, and that the only way the schools can become meaningful purveyors of ethical values is if they provide students and adults with real-life experiences that are bearers of moral import. Students are given complete responsibility for their own education and the school is run by a
5854:
394:
only find such work attractive because it allows for further compensation through corrupt activities. Government anti-corruption activities can therefore decrease the quality and overall representativeness of the bureaucracy as a result. On the other hand, there is evidence that, despite strategic evasion and unintentional consequences, anti-corruption initiatives are beneficial, as they lower malfeasance and increase social welfare, even where strategic evasion is relatively large.
204:, and manipulating voter registration and vote count. Some efforts to improve accountability by preventing electoral manipulation and fraud have obtained a certain measure of success, such as using cell phone applications for monitoring and disseminating polling station results and employing domestic or international election observers. However, governments may simply alter the type of manipulation or where it occurs in order to deceive observers and monitoring agencies.
235:
election years than non-election years, and increases in line loss reliably predict electoral gains. Voters rewarded incumbent politicians with a 12% increase in party seats in response to a 10% increase of unbilled electricity, in 2007 elections. In Ghana, the improvement of road conditions is linked to an increasing vote share for incumbent parties. Both of these research outcomes hinge on voters being able to attribute the service of public goods to politicians.
6279:
297:. Selectorates are those on whom a leader depends in order to hold onto power, and those who have the ability to depose a leader. When a selectorate's hold on power is not overly dependent on the leader in office, selectorates can remove poorly performing leaders, and this accountability by selectorates renders it possible for autocracies to perform better for the benefit of all. Beyond that, institutions can act as credible restraints on autocracy as well.
483:, and elsewhere. Researcher accountability implies that researchers are cognizant of, and take some responsibility for, the potential impact of their ways of doing research ā and of writing it up ā on the social fields of which the research is part. Accountability is linked to considering carefully, and being open to challenge in relation to, one's choices concerning how research agendas are framed and the styles in which research results are written.
6269:
512:, as "the problem of many hands". It creates a dilemma for accountability. If individuals are held accountable or responsible, individuals who could not have prevented the results are either unfairly punished, or they "take responsibility" in a symbolic ritual without suffering any consequences. If only organizations are held accountable, then all individuals in the organization are equally blameworthy or all are excused.
145:
of being out of step with their constituency and then govern in accordance with citizens' wishes to avoid negative consequences. Accountability can still be achieved even if citizens are not perfectly knowledgeable about their representatives' actions; as long as representatives believe that they will be held accountable by citizens, they will still be motivated to act in accordance with the citizens' interests.
6289:
5083:
446:, etc. Holding police accountable is important for maintaining the public's "faith in the system". Research has shown that the public prefers independent review of complaints against law enforcement, rather than relying on police departments to conduct internal investigations. There is a suggestion that such oversight would improve the public's view on the way in which police officers are held accountable.
208:
manipulation, such as abolishing presidential term limits. Well-connected candidates are more likely to resort to vote count fraud. Governments may engage in electoral manipulation not only to obtain victory at a given election or to remain in office longer, but also for post-election reasons, such as reducing the strength of the opposition or increasing their own bargaining power in the subsequent period.
590:
obstacles preventing political action. When elected officials and the public gain information, the public is better equipped to hold politicians accountable and politicians are more responsive. Ferraz & Finan demonstrate this in the
Brazilian context. In their work, they find releasing audit reports prior to elections creates a more informed electorate which holds incumbent officials accountable.
390:
corruption. However, other research shows that increased oversight could increase corruption when actors in one branch can pressure actors in another to collude; in Ghana, bureaucrats are more likely to engage in corruption on behalf of politicians when politicians have higher levels of discretion to oversee the bureaucracy (e.g., by threatening to transfer noncompliant bureaucrats).
239:
There is further evidence suggesting higher quality of life, civil liberties, and human development in electoral autocracies, lending credence to the theory that autocratic rulers use elections as a bellwether against popular discontent and citizen opposition, and in turn increase public goods provision to dampen the grievances of disgruntled citizens, even in non-democracies.
328:. These elected officials are held accountable to their positions mainly through information provided to the public through the media. When the media focuses attention on data trends associated with these positions, constituents are then able to use this information to retrospectively vote for or against an incumbent based on their performance in office.
165:
method by which voters hold their representatives accountable. These methods of accountability can occur simultaneously, with voters holding representatives accountable using both sanctioning and selection. These conclusions rely on the assumption that voters do not observe the policy implemented by the incumbent, but do know their own welfare.
310:
can hold local officials accountable as well when (i) the solidarity group encompasses everyone under the local government's jurisdiction, and (ii) local officials are embedded in the group as members. The social standing and recognition of these groups encourages local officials to perform well, as they value high moral standing in the group.
386:
non-corrupt politicians. Information about corruption may not only lead to vote losses for the incumbent parties, but also for challenging parties, as well the erosion of partisan attachments, which implies that information about corruption also provokes citizens' disengagement from the political process.
532:
institutions and private entities like corporations is becoming blurred in certain areas of public service in the United
Kingdom, and that this can compromise political accountability in those areas. She and others argue that some administrative law reform is necessary to address this accountability gap.
589:
congressional hearings, and federal spending for their district is lower. One explanation for the positive impact of media on accountability stems from Besley and
Burgess' work. They argue that media resolves the information asymmetries between citizens and government and provides a way of overcoming
559:
believe that students are personally responsible for their acts, and that traditional schools do not permit students to choose their course of action fully; they do not permit students to embark on the course, once chosen; and they do not permit students to suffer the consequences of the course, once
363:
Political corruption refers to "the misuse or the abuse of public office for private gains". Corrupt practices include fraud, appropriation of public funds, and accepting bribes. Corruption can cause people to negatively evaluate politicians, since citizens may perceive corruption as a signal of poor
230:
Another condition determining how voters use the provision of public goods to hold leaders accountable is whether the prioritization of public goods is determined either directly via vote or delegated to a governing body. An experiment in New Mexico regarding proposed spending during the state's 2008
226:
being able to attribute outcomes to politicians as opposed to civil servants. This attribution can be enhanced by more short-run and visible inputs and outcomes such as famine relief or access to drinking water, whereas lower-visibility issues such as sanitation and education may be more difficult to
144:
Representatives can be held accountable through two mechanisms: electoral replacement and rational anticipation. In electoral replacement, citizens vote to replace representatives who are out of step with their interests. Rational anticipation requires that representatives anticipate the consequences
597:
An analysis of the evolution of mass media in the U.S. and Europe since World War II noted mixed results from the growth of the
Internet: "The digital revolution has been good for freedom of expression information has had mixed effects on freedom of the press": It has disrupted traditional sources
474:
Within an organization, the principles and practices of ethical accountability aim to improve both the internal standard of individual and group conduct as well as external factors, such as sustainable economic and ecologic strategies. Also, ethical accountability plays an important role in academic
313:
At the local level, various accountability measures exist that impact the job performance of elected officials. In Uganda, civil society organizations (CSOs) that divulge to the public how well an incumbent is performing their job duties, in a district with an upcoming competitive election, increase
238:
Politicians may also have incentives to respond to pressure for public goods provision in electoral autocracies. There is evidence that as autocratic governments lose seats in their party's legislatures, they respond by increasing spending on public goods such as education, healthcare, and pensions.
164:
out of office in response to poor performance. While politicians face a decrease in vote share as a result of poor performance, they are less likely to see an increase in vote share for good performance. Selectionāvoters choosing candidates based on who will best represent their interestsāis another
309:
can increase the performance of local government according to the central government's standards by monitoring and disclosing information about local government performance in authoritarian regimes like China. Solidarity groups in rural China, in which members share moral obligations and interests,
279:
African countries, and 21 governments in the region implemented significant political reforms, such as the adoption of multi-party elections. Authoritarian regimes in Africa distorted the market and reduced the cost of farm produce in favor of urban workers at the cost of rural farmers in the 1980s
242:
While the introduction of elections is generally thought to improve public goods provision, in some cases, researchers have shown that it may reduce its quality. For example, the introduction of direct elections for local district office in
Indonesia resulted in political interference in the hiring
234:
Other research indicates that voters use elections to hold politicians accountable for the provision of public goods. In India, rural areas are charged a flat rate for electricity, but in the province of Uttar
Pradesh, line lossāelectricity that is consumed but not billedāis significantly higher in
548:
As defined by
National Council on Measurement in Education (NCME), accountability is " program, often legislated, that attributes the responsibility for student learning to teachers, school administrators, or students. Test results typically are used to judge accountability, and often consequences
354:
provide local public goods despite the fact that they lack an electoral incentive to do so. Many customary chiefs never leave the communities they lead and depend on local sources for a significant portion of their income; thus, traditional leaders may facilitate bringing in local public goods and
199:
Electoral manipulation is not rare; some estimates are that in the 1990s and 2000s, up to one fourth of elections suffered some form of substantial manipulation. This includes a large array of pre-election and election-day tactics, such as outlawing rival parties and candidates, employing violence
393:
Low accountability for corruption is difficult to combat, and some anti-corruption activities may also lead to perverse consequences. For example, in places where private sector work pays better than public sector work (e.g., China), highly qualified individuals engaging in public sector work may
368:
suggests that voters incentivize good politicians' behavior by rewarding good performance and punishing bad performance, citizens are expected to sanction corrupt politicians. However, studies suggest that though voters have a distaste for corruption, they often fail to punish corrupt incumbents;
336:
Approval ratings generated through public opinion polling create a measure of job performance during an incumbent's term that has implications for whether the official will retain their seat, or if reelection will even be sought. These approval ratings predict election outcomes when combined with
81:
In governance, accountability has expanded beyond the basic definition of "being called to account for one's actions". It is frequently described as an account-giving relationship between individuals, e.g. "A is accountable to B when A is obliged to inform B about A's (past or future) actions and
593:
While evidence supports the positive impact of press freedom on political accountability, other work highlights the significance of factors such as media concentration and ownership as government tools for influencing or controlling news content. Non-democratic regimes use media for a variety of
515:
Various solutions have been proposed. One is to broaden the criteria for individual responsibility so that individuals are held accountable for not anticipating failures in the organization. Another solution, recently proposed by
Thompson, is to hold individuals accountable for the design of the
323:
allocations from the central government on public goods for the electorate. In locales with weaker institutions, when citizens elect leaders with higher levels of competency, these officials have a greater ability to overcome the barriers of bad informal institutions, and deliver more goods and
318:
released in 2019 uncovers no effects from CSO voter information campaigns on political accountability after examining the results from seven trials across six countries. In Ghana, election-day monitoring of polling centers for district-level positions, as well as an increase in the awareness of
195:
The role of elections in fostering accountability is often undermined by electoral manipulation and fraud. By preventing citizens from removing leaders through elections based on their performance in office, electoral manipulation breaks down accountability and may undercut the consolidation of
172:
While elections provide a mechanism which can theoretically increase government accountability to citizens, they may instead lead to less egalitarian policy outcomes, because those who hold the government accountable tend to be from wealthier segments of society. For example, a study of elected
168:
Some factors make it harder for voters to sanction incumbents. When politicians do not have control over outcomes, it becomes harder to hold them accountable. Additionally, when organizations are unable to monitor elections and provide information to voters, then voters struggle to sanction the
341:
Model
Averaging forecasts. In the United States, senator job approval ratings affect whether a senator will retire, the quality of candidates that seek to challenge them, the amount of money the senator can raise to seek reelection if they decide to run, and the outcome of the election itself.
251:
Governments are held accountable if citizens can punish or reward the government to influence it to pursue their best interests. While scholars who study democratic theory emphasize the role of elections in ensuring accountability, another strand of scholars investigates non-electoral forms of
140:
Political accountability is when a politician makes choices on behalf of the people, and the people have the ability to reward or sanction the politician. In representative democracies, citizens delegate power to elected officials through periodic elections, and such officials are empowered to
531:
With the increase in public service provided by private entities, especially in Britain and the United States, some have called for increased political accountability mechanisms for otherwise non-political entities. Legal scholar Anne Davies, for instance, argues that the line between public
584:
Greater political accountability and lower corruption were more likely where newspaper consumption was higher, according to data from roughly 100 countries and from different states in the US. Congressmen who receive less press coverage are less likely to produce a positive impact for their
385:
institutions, suggests that the news mediaāi.e. newspapers and mainly televisionāis crucial to the dissemination of information to the public. There is also evidence about the importance of local media, such as local radio stations, in holding corrupt incumbents accountable and in promoting
389:
Scholarly literature about corruption finds mixed results about the role of political institutions on the level of a country's corruption. For example, some scholarly research suggests that more horizontal accountability, or oversight across branches of government, would generally decrease
207:
Governments, politicians, and political parties are more likely to resort to electoral manipulation and fraud when they believe they might be removed from office and when they face few institutional constraints to their power. Low political competition has also been linked to some forms of
369:
some of them receive benefits from their representatives' corrupt practices, and prefer to retain this type of politician. In high-corruption contexts, voters may become more tolerant of or even prefer corrupt politicians because others are also perceived as corrupt, leading to a corrupt
633:"principles-based standards to help organisations become more accountable, responsible and sustainable. They address issues affecting governance, business models and organizational strategy, as well as providing operational guidance on sustainability assurance and stakeholder engagement"
292:
point out that whereas, under more democratic governance, accountability is built into the institution of the state by a habit of regular elections, accountability in autocratic regimes relies on a selectorateāa group that legitimizes or delegitimizes the autocrat's powers according to
243:
process for bureaucrats in the public education sector, reducing the quality of education provision; politicians were incentivized to dole out patronage positions in the education sector, especially in election years, and where such positions were added, student test scores were lower.
594:
purposes such as ā (i) to enhance regime resilience, (ii) censor, or (iii) strategically distract the public. Control of the media may also be especially beneficial to incumbents in new or developing democracies, who consider media control a spoil of office.
112:(to reckon). While the word itself does not appear in English until its use in 13th century Norman England, the concept of account-giving has ancient roots in record-keeping activities related to governance and money-lending systems that first developed in
221:
Politicians may be incentivized to provide public goods as a means of accountability. The ability of voters to attribute the credit and blame of outcomes also determines the extent of public goods provision. Research suggests that public goods provision
4439:
Barbera, Pablo; Casas, Andreu; Nagler, Jonathan; Egan, Patrick; Bonneau, Richard; Jost, John; Tucker, Joshua (2019), "Who Leads? Who Follows? Measuring Issue Attention and Agenda Setting by Legislators and the Mass Public Using Social Media Data",
4727:
Since 2000, the newspaper industry alone has lost an estimated "$ 1.6 billion in annual reporting and editing capacity... or roughly 30 per cent", but the new non-profit money coming into journalism has made up less than one-tenth that
3458:
Chong, Alberto; De La O, Ana L.; Karlan, Dean; Wantchekon, Leonard (1 January 2015). "Does Corruption Information Inspire the Fight or Quash the Hope? A Field Experiment in Mexico on Voter Turnout, Choice, and Party Identification".
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incumbent. When voters are better informed about the incumbent's performance, the incumbent is more vulnerable to voter sanctioning. Furthermore, when incumbents face sanctioning, challengers are more likely to enter the race.
324:
long-term investment projects for the constituency without needing to raise taxes. Additionally, many local elections are for positions that involve performing jobs with a single function, such as a school board member or a
85:
Accountability cannot exist without proper accounting practices; in other words, an absence of accounting means an absence of accountability. Another key area that contributes to accountability is good records management.
507:
Because many individuals in large organizations contribute in many ways to decisions and policies, it is difficult even in principle to identify who should be accountable for the results. This is what is known, following
176:
Studies on political accountability have emphasized the key role of elections in promoting accountability in democratic settings. It is through elections that citizens hold governments accountable for past performance.
4103:
535:
With respect to the public/private overlap in the United States, public concern over the contracting of government services (including military) and the resulting accountability gap was highlighted following the
421:
responsible for effectively delivering basic services of crime control and maintaining order, while treating individuals fairly and within the bounds of law. Police are expected to uphold laws, regarding
560:
taken. Freedom of choice, freedom of action, freedom to bear the results of action are considered the three great freedoms that constitute personal responsibility. Sudbury schools claim that
173:
versus appointed property assessors in the state of New York shows that the election of property assessors leads to policies that severely undertax wealthier homes relative to poorer homes.
305:
In democracies, voluntary associations, interest groups, and associational activity can improve the performance of the government. One study showed that civil society organizations such as
3125:
Grossman, Guy; Michelitch, Kristin (1 February 2018). "Information Dissemination, Competitive Pressure, and Politician Performance between Elections: A Field Experiment in Uganda".
3919:
Mughan, SiĆ¢n; Li, Danyao; Nicholson-Crotty, Sean (2020). "When Law Enforcement Pays: Costs and Benefits for Elected Versus Appointed Administrators Engaged in Asset Forfeiture".
275:
Other scholars studied the effect of protests on political changes in developing countries. Mass protests instigated by economic hardship and political repression occurred in 16
4570:
Munger, Kevin; Bonneau, Richard; Nagler, Jonathan; Tucker, Joshua (2019), "Elites Tweet to Get Feet Off the Streets: Measuring Regime Social Media Strategies During Protest",
4107:
2795:
Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce; Morrow, James D.; Siverson, Randolph M.; Smith, Alastair (17 September 2002). "Political Institutions, Policy Choice and the Survival of Leaders".
160:, which makes assumptions about the state of the world to draw larger conclusions. Voters can hold representatives accountable through the process of sanctioningāvoting the
523:
which indicates who is ultimately answerable for the correct and thorough completion of a deliverable or task, as well as the delegation of the work to those responsible.
4077:
1886:
1318:
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The traceability of actions performed on a system to a specific system entity (user, process, device) also affects accountability. For example, the use of unique
4626:
King, Gary; Pan, Jennifer; Roberts, Margaret (2013), "How the Chinese Government Fabricates Social Media Posts for Strategic Distraction, Not Engaged Argument",
3252:
Brown, Adam R.; Jacobson, Gary C. (December 2008). "Party, Performance, and Strategic Politicians: The Dynamics of Elections for Senator and Governor in 2006".
610:
Accountability standards have been established that organizations can voluntarily commit to. Standards apply in particular to the non-profit world and to
2302:
1643:
Beaulieu, Emily; Hyde, Susan D. (2009). "In the Shadow of Democracy Promotion: Strategic Manipulation, International Observers, and Election Boycotts".
1940:
Rehfeld, Andrew (May 2009). "Representation Rethought: On Trustees, Delegates, and Gyroscopes in the Study of Political Representation and Democracy".
4932:
Mastop, Rosja (2010). "Characterising Responsibility in Organisational Structures: The Problem of Many Hands". In Governatori, G.; Sartor, G. (eds.).
4794:
2711:
Baldwin, Kate (2019). "Elected MPs, Traditional Chiefs, and Local Public Goods: Evidence on the Role of Leaders in Co-Production From Rural Zambia".
599:
6129:
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Ferraz, Claudio; Finan, Frederico (2008), "Exposing Corrupt Politicians: The Effect of Brazil's Publicly Released Audits on Electoral Outcomes",
1023:
Seidman, Gary I (Winter 2005). "The Origins of Accountability: Everything I Know About the Sovereign's Immunity, I Learned from King Henry III".
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that allow individual citizens to direct small amounts of government funds to news outlets or investigative journalism projects of their choice.
252:
accountability in democracies and non-democracies and the conditions that make unelected leaders represent the interests of the general public.
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fields, such as laboratory experiments and field research. Debates around the practice of ethical accountability on the part of researchers in
3743:
Jiang, Junyan; Shao, Zijie; Zhang, Zhiyuan (n.d.). "The Price of Probity: Anticorruption and Adverse Selection in the Chinese Bureaucracy".
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682:
4740:
2536:"Non-Governmental Monitoring of Local Governments Increases Compliance with Central Mandates: A National-Scale Field Experiment in China"
1686:
Hafner-Burton, Emilie Marie; Hyde, Susan D.; Jablonski, Ryan S. (6 September 2012). "When Do Governments Resort to Election Violence?".
1006:
Dubnick, Melvin (1998). "Clarifying Accountability: An Ethical Theory Framework". In Charles Sampford; Noel Preston; C. A. Bois (eds.).
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6030:
70:), and individual contexts. In leadership roles, accountability is the acknowledgment of and assumption of responsibility for actions,
1847:
Butler, Daniel M. (22 August 2011). "Can Learning Constituency Opinion Affect How Legislators Vote? Results from a Field Experiment".
5731:
581:
17:
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Carreri, Maria (2018). "Can Good Politicians Compensate for Bad Institutions? Evidence from an Original Survey of Italian Mayors".
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6013:
5271:
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3082:
Berry, Christopher R.; Howell, William G. (August 2007). "Accountability and Local Elections: Rethinking Retrospective Voting".
2855:
Boix, Carles; Posner, Daniel N. (October 1998). "Social Capital: Explaining Its Origins and Effects on Government Performance".
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712:
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1453:
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688:
78:, governance, and implementation, including the obligation to report, justify, and be answerable for resulting consequences.
1595:"Deterring or Displacing Electoral Irregularities? Spillover Effects of Observers in a Randomized Field Experiment in Ghana"
4081:
1801:
Martin, Lucy; Raffler, Pia J. (7 June 2020). "Fault Lines: The Effects of Bureaucratic Power on Electoral Accountability".
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Boas, Taylor; Hidalgo, F. Daniel (2011), "Controlling the Airwaves: Incumbency Advantage and Community Radio in Brazil",
1047:
915:
Schedler, Andreas (1999). "Conceptualizing Accountability". In Andreas Schedler; Larry Diamond; Marc F. Plattner (eds.).
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Dunning, Thad; Grossman, Guy; Humphreys, Macartan; Hyde, Susan D.; McIntosh, Craig; Nellis, Gareth, eds. (4 July 2019).
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Strategic incumbent senators will seek reelection less when their approval ratings are low during their time in office.
6026:
5977:
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1307:
552:
Student accountability is traditionally based on school and classroom rules, combined with sanctions for infringement.
264:, or symptoms of shifts in political preferences underneath the observable phenomena of the protests. One study of the
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2421:
1220:
1121:
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Ezzamel, Mahmoud (December 1997). "Accounting, Control and Accountability: Preliminary Evidence from Ancient Egypt".
676:
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for humanitarian organizations to help them "design, implement, assess, improve and recognize accountable programmes"
157:
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Erikson, Robert S.; Bafumi, Joseph; Wilson, Bret (October 2001). "Was the 2000 Presidential Election Predictable?".
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520:
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Besley, Timothy; Burgess, Robin (2001), "Political agency, government responsiveness and the role of the media",
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Electoral Accountability and the Control of Politicians: Selecting Good Types versus Sanctioning Poor Performance
864:
771:
611:
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Tsai, Lily (2007). "Solidary Groups, Informal Accountability, and Local Public Goods Provision in Rural China".
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1977:
Fox, Justin; Shotts, Kenneth W. (October 2009). "Delegates or Trustees? A Theory of Political Accountability".
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706:
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monitoring in an upcoming election, increases job performance among incumbents, who spend more of their annual
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De Angelis & Wold, J & B (2016). "Perceived accountability and public attitudes toward local police".
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320:
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4953:"Authentic leading as relational accountability: Facing up to the conflicting expectations of media leaders"
4768:"AccountAbility | Setting the Standard for Corporate Responsibility and Sustainable Development ā Standards"
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4798:
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2170:
Miller, Michael K. (May 2015). "Elections, Information, and Policy Responsiveness in Autocratic Regimes".
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of funding, and new forms of Internet journalism have replaced only a tiny fraction of what's been lost.
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Manin, Bernard; Przeworski, Adam; Stokes, Susan C. (13 September 1999), "Elections and Representation",
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Bratton, Michael; van de Walle, Nicolas (July 1992). "Popular Protest and Political Reform in Africa".
765:
3389:"Exposing Corrupt Politicians: The Effects of Brazil's Publicly Released Audits on Electoral Outcomes"
2586:"Traditional Political Institutions and Democracy: Reassessing Their Compatibility and Accountability"
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benefit from the community's development over time just like stationary bandits in Olson's argument.
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EDWARDS, BOB; FOLEY, MICHAEL W. (September 1998). "Civil Society and Social Capital Beyond Putnam".
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Various systems have been proposed for increasing the funds available for investigative journalism
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KlaŔnja, Marko; Little, Andrew T.; Tucker, Joshua A. (July 2018). "Political Corruption Traps*".
670:
75:
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Highton, Benjamin (May 2008). "Job Approval and Senate Election Outcomes in the United States".
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Electoral accountability refers to citizens using their vote to sanction or reward politicians.
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supports accountability, and the use of shared user IDs and passwords degrades accountability.
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1542:"Institutional Corruption and Election Fraud: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Afghanistan"
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4137:
3666:
2832:
2585:
2443:
Madestam, Andreas; Shoag, Daniel; Veuger, Stan; Yanagizawa-Drott, David (30 September 2013).
747:
556:
410:
404:
7101:
2986:
2776:
1374:
1007:
314:
the performance of the politician for the rest of their term. In contrast to these works, a
6214:
6149:
5723:
5518:
3799:
2043:
729:
643:
In addition, some non-profit organizations set up their own commitments to accountability:
365:
280:
to prevent urban unrest, which is more visible and easier to mobilize than rural protests.
186:
5630:
4362:
Snyder, James M.; Strƶmberg, David (2010), "Press Coverage and Political Accountability",
3361:
3344:
2218:"Personnel Politics: Elections, Clientelistic Competition and Teacher Hiring in Indonesia"
82:
decisions, to justify them, and to suffer punishment in the case of eventual misconduct."
8:
7436:
6936:
6876:
6737:
6469:
6372:
6184:
6134:
6093:
5828:
5701:
5206:
5181:
4851:(2010). "Two concepts of accountability: accountability as a virtue and as a mechanism".
3388:
4594:"How Censorship in China Allows Government Criticism but Silences Collective Expression"
3803:
2047:
7431:
7426:
6901:
6530:
6437:
6366:
6272:
6044:
5972:
5877:
5823:
5382:
5341:
5331:
5321:
5276:
5156:
5106:
5054:
4983:
4920:
4878:
4711:
4615:
4550:
4507:
4466:
4391:
4058:
3901:
3831:
3768:
3694:
3622:
3591:
3532:
3484:
3426:
3320:
3277:
3191:
3150:
3107:
3059:
3017:
2961:
2917:
2880:
2820:
2736:
2653:
2613:
2563:
2513:
2366:
2329:
2289:
2247:
2195:
2149:
2124:
Miller, Michael K. (October 2015). "Electoral Authoritarianism and Human Development".
2103:
2002:
1965:
1864:
1826:
1740:
1668:
1622:
1572:
1519:
1402:
1154:
1110:
971:
942:"Contribution of records management to audit opinions and accountability in government"
826:
818:
685: ā United States efforts to regulate fundraising for democratic election campaigns
509:
427:
294:
276:
265:
71:
5034:
4593:
4426:
4259:
4030:
3842:
7242:
7236:
6994:
6987:
6856:
6697:
6555:
6268:
6224:
5962:
5892:
5862:
5808:
5687:
5433:
5387:
5377:
5296:
5186:
5058:
5019:
5000:
4975:
4937:
4882:
4841:
The Quest for Responsibility: Accountability and Citizenship in Complex Organisations
4771:
4715:
4674:
4471:
4395:
4210:
4187:
4141:
4062:
4050:
4009:
3982:
3961:
3936:
3905:
3866:
3856:
3835:
3823:
3815:
3772:
3760:
3723:
3698:
3686:
3645:
3626:
3614:
3572:
3562:
3536:
3524:
3476:
3418:
3366:
3324:
3312:
3281:
3269:
3231:
3195:
3181:
3142:
3099:
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3063:
3051:
3021:
3009:
2965:
2951:
2921:
2909:
2872:
2812:
2740:
2728:
2699:
2657:
2617:
2605:
2567:
2555:
2505:
2467:
2417:
2391:
2370:
2358:
2321:
2293:
2281:
2251:
2239:
2199:
2187:
2153:
2141:
2095:
1994:
1957:
1919:
1868:
1830:
1818:
1744:
1732:
1691:
1672:
1660:
1614:
1594:
1564:
1523:
1511:
1459:
1449:
1421:
1406:
1394:
1285:
1275:
1268:
1247:
Stimson, James A.; MacKuen, Michael B.; Erikson, Robert S. "Dynamic Representation".
1226:
1216:
1137:
Plescia, Joseph (January 2001). "Judicial Accountability and Immunity in Roman Law".
1117:
1008:
975:
963:
920:
898:
830:
465:
443:
370:
7165:
4619:
4554:
3154:
3111:
2824:
2303:"The Political Economy of Government Responsiveness: Theory and Evidence from India"
2107:
1969:
1626:
1446:
Why governments and parties manipulate elections: theory, practice, and implications
653:
a framework that sets out key accountability requirements, guidelines, and processes
7002:
6896:
6749:
6449:
6422:
6412:
6318:
5773:
5483:
5473:
5397:
5392:
5336:
5291:
5231:
5046:
4987:
4967:
4912:
4868:
4860:
4703:
4670:
4637:
4607:
4579:
4542:
4511:
4499:
4461:
4451:
4422:
4383:
4330:
4322:
4255:
4160:
4042:
3928:
3893:
3807:
3787:
3752:
3713:
3678:
3606:
3516:
3488:
3468:
3430:
3410:
3356:
3304:
3261:
3223:
3173:
3134:
3091:
3043:
3001:
2943:
2901:
2884:
2864:
2804:
2759:
Markets and States in Tropical Africa: The Political Basis of Agricultural Policies
2720:
2645:
2597:
2547:
2497:
2459:
2409:
2383:
2350:
2333:
2313:
2273:
2229:
2179:
2133:
2087:
2051:
2031:
2006:
1986:
1949:
1909:
1901:
1856:
1810:
1781:
1776:
1764:
1722:
1652:
1606:
1576:
1556:
1503:
1386:
1375:"The Distributional Impact of Greater Responsiveness: Evidence from New York Towns"
1353:
1146:
1074:
Walzer, Michael (1994). "The Legal Codes of Ancient Israel". In Ian Shapiro (ed.).
1056:
953:
894:
873:
810:
756: ā Independent special-purpose governmental units, other than school districts
569:
479:ā whether professional or others ā were explored by Norma R.A. Romm in her work on
439:
374:
338:
3897:
1905:
1887:"Direct democracy and resource allocation: Experimental evidence from Afghanistan"
885:
Sinclair, Amanda (1995). "The Chameleon of Accountability: Forms and Discourses".
7363:
7076:
7010:
6931:
6360:
5942:
5872:
5778:
5748:
5697:
5692:
5676:
5583:
5573:
5568:
5553:
5493:
5488:
5161:
4864:
4307:
4280:
2387:
744: ā Practice of sharing state documents and proceedings publicly and reusably
741:
735:
717:
190:
48:
4503:
3414:
2905:
2268:
Barro, Robert J. (March 1973). "The control of politicians: An economic model".
2055:
7122:
5813:
5503:
3265:
3227:
1420:
Besley, Timothy J.; Kudamatsu, Masayuki (1 May 2007). "Making Autocracy Work".
565:
435:
414:
4642:
4611:
4526:"Handcuffs for the Grabbing Hand? Media Capture and Government Accountability"
4456:
3756:
3308:
3138:
3005:
2868:
2808:
2649:
2534:
Anderson, Sarah E.; Buntaine, Mark T.; Liu, Mengdi; Zhang, Bing (8 May 2019).
2234:
2217:
2091:
1990:
1953:
1610:
720: ā Performing public services competently for the benefit of all citizens
7415:
7307:
6921:
6906:
6886:
6687:
6672:
6657:
6570:
6565:
6459:
6443:
6382:
6159:
5609:
5548:
5478:
5413:
5286:
5261:
5246:
5050:
4979:
4971:
4707:
4054:
4046:
3940:
3932:
3819:
3764:
3690:
3618:
3610:
3576:
3528:
3480:
3422:
3370:
3316:
3273:
3235:
3146:
3103:
3055:
3013:
2913:
2876:
2816:
2732:
2724:
2703:
2609:
2601:
2559:
2509:
2471:
2362:
2325:
2285:
2243:
2191:
2183:
2145:
2137:
2099:
1998:
1961:
1923:
1822:
1736:
1727:
1710:
1664:
1656:
1618:
1568:
1515:
1463:
1398:
1289:
967:
315:
113:
59:
7249:
7173:
4326:
4132:
Greenberg, Daniel (1992). "'Ethics' is a Course Taught By Life Experience".
3870:
3811:
2535:
1478:
1357:
1308:"Fault Lines: The Effects of Bureaucratic Power on Electoral Accountability"
1230:
958:
941:
877:
7143:
6979:
6941:
6891:
6861:
6829:
6819:
6814:
6727:
6707:
6627:
6427:
6406:
6377:
6139:
5753:
5619:
5463:
5306:
5241:
4475:
4281:"Are You Being Served?: Political Accountability and Quality of Government"
3827:
1711:"Presidential Term Limit Contravention: Abolish, Extend, Fail, or Respect?"
1541:
1060:
201:
129:
4308:"Are You Being Served? Political Accountability and Quality of Government"
3177:
2938:
Putnam, Robert D.; Leonardi, Robert; Nonetti, Raffaella Y. (27 May 1994).
2413:
1507:
1480:
Voting, Fraud, and Violence: Political Accountability in African Elections
6961:
6851:
6769:
6692:
6642:
6545:
5763:
5718:
5256:
5211:
5176:
4848:
4836:
4546:
4303:
4276:
4201:
Greenberg, Daniel (1992). "Democracy Must be Experienced to be Learned".
3850:
3520:
3047:
2463:
1914:
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1560:
423:
44:
5016:
Restoring Responsibility: Ethics in Government, Business, and Healthcare
4584:
2317:
862:
Mulgan, Richard (2000). "'Accountability': An Ever-Expanding Concept?".
7274:
7083:
7051:
6916:
6841:
6809:
6789:
6662:
6652:
6612:
6592:
6550:
6103:
5887:
5588:
5558:
5543:
5458:
5316:
5266:
4924:
4873:
4335:
4224:
Reiss, Steven (2010). "Whatever Happened to Personal Responsibility?".
4006:
Restoring Responsibility: Ethics in Government, Business and Healthcare
3682:
3667:"Unprincipled Principals: Co-opted Bureaucrats and Corruption in Ghana"
2947:
2551:
2354:
2277:
1814:
1348:
Grossman, Guy; Michelitch, Kristin Grace; Prato, Carlo (2 March 2022),
1158:
1014:. Leichhardt, NSW, Australia: The Federation Press/Routledge. pp.
917:
The Self-Restraining State: Power and Accountability in New Democracies
822:
364:
performance, motivating them to sanction an incumbent. As the model of
55:
40:
5093:
5035:"Responsibility for Failures of Government: The Problem of Many Hands"
4031:"Responsibility for Failures of Government: The Problem of Many Hands"
2517:
2341:
Ferejohn, John (1986). "Incumbent performance and electoral control".
801:
Dykstra, Clarence A. (February 1938). "The Quest for Responsibility".
7322:
7068:
7066:
7059:
7057:
7034:
6911:
6744:
6722:
6712:
6667:
6647:
6617:
6607:
6582:
6505:
6454:
6189:
6113:
6003:
5998:
5917:
5912:
5793:
5563:
5533:
5528:
5453:
5448:
5428:
5418:
5236:
5221:
5201:
5137:
4689:"An Unexpected Crisis: The News Media in Post-industrial Democracies"
4171:
The Moral Behavior of Children and Adolescents at a Democratic School
2445:"Do Political Protests Matter? Evidence from the Tea Party Movement*"
1765:"The Politics of Public Services: A Service Characteristics Approach"
774: ā six key dimensions of governance researched by the World Bank
694:
648:
161:
67:
63:
7194:
4916:
4890:
Harwood, Sterling (1994). "Accountability". In Roth, John K. (ed.).
2794:
2034:(February 2014). "Electoral cycles in electricity losses in India".
1150:
814:
627:
to "demonstrate their commitment to accountability and transparency"
7315:
7136:
7044:
6926:
6846:
6804:
6779:
6754:
6702:
6632:
6577:
6540:
6535:
6525:
6520:
6510:
6164:
6154:
5166:
4387:
4290:, no. 438, Inter-American Development Bank Research Department
4169:
3472:
2501:
2442:
1390:
697: ā Study of improving living conditions to increase well-being
496:
260:
Political changes after protests can be the result of the protests
27:
Concept of responsibility in ethics, governance and decision-making
7394:
7256:
582:
countries with greater press freedom tend to have less corruption.
7370:
7356:
7289:
7222:
7187:
7115:
6871:
6794:
6764:
6717:
6677:
6602:
6560:
5578:
5513:
5508:
5443:
5438:
5196:
2987:"Do Fairer Elections Increase the Responsiveness of Politicians?"
492:
325:
121:
7229:
7150:
1350:
The Effect of Sustained Transparency on Electoral Accountability
58:, it has been central to discussions related to problems in the
7338:
7330:
7201:
7180:
7129:
7108:
6951:
6682:
6341:
5932:
5803:
5468:
5423:
5311:
5226:
5191:
5171:
5082:
3439:
Helping Countries Combat Corruption. The Role of the World Bank
709: ā Framework for modelling political and economic behavior
431:
351:
125:
117:
36:
5014:
Thompson, Dennis F. (2005). "The Responsibility of Advisers".
4106:. National Council on Measurement in Education. Archived from
3983:"Review of New Racism: Revisiting Researcher Accountabilities"
1211:
Przeworski, Adam; Stokes, Susan Carol; Manin, Bernard (2003).
7215:
7157:
7036:
7028:
6824:
6784:
6622:
6484:
6080:
4951:
Painter-Morland, Mollie; Deslandes, Ghislain (2 April 2015).
5098:
4180:
The Crisis in American Education: An Analysis and a Proposal
3457:
3167:
7386:
7378:
6836:
6759:
6597:
5768:
5660:
5538:
5523:
5498:
5361:
5356:
5216:
3855:(1st ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.
3640:
Kiewiet, D. Roderick; McCubbins, Mathew D. (18 June 1991).
2076:"Attribution And Accountability: Voting for roads in Ghana"
1885:
Beath, Andrew; Christia, Fotini; Enikolopov, Ruben (2017).
624:
378:
6310:
3912:
1685:
227:
attribute credit for and thus less likely to provide for.
6956:
6065:
4569:
4004:
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1089:
Urch, Edwin J. (July 1929). "The Law Code of Hammurabi".
5018:. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 33ā49.
4950:
4104:"Glossary of Important Assessment and Measurement Terms"
3918:
3559:
Routledge handbook of comparative political institutions
2533:
4899:
Luban, David; Strudler, Alan; Wasserman, David (1992).
1884:
1347:
647:
Accountability, Learning and Planning System (ALPS) by
7163:
4898:
4438:
4406:
4404:
4357:
4355:
2678:
The Paradox of Traditional Chiefs in Democratic Africa
1494:
Schedler, Andreas (2002). "The Menu of Manipulation".
636:
Humanitarian Accountability Partnership 2010 standards
516:
organization, both retrospectively and prospectively.
156:
Some researchers have considered accountability using
7000:
6977:
4592:
King, Gary; Pan, Jennifer; Roberts, Margaret (2013),
3883:
3343:
De Vries, Catherine E.; Solaz, Hector (11 May 2017).
2937:
2438:
2436:
2377:
1210:
1010:
Public Sector Ethics: Finding And Implementing Values
667: ā Person who helps another to keep a commitment
555:
In contrast, some educational establishments such as
540:
perpetrated by the Blackwater security firm in Iraq.
4821:
ALPS - Accountability, Learning, and Planning System
3170:
Information, Accountability, and Cumulative Learning
2775:
Besley, Timothy J.; Kudamatsu, Masayuki (May 2007),
2584:
Baldwin, Kate; Holzinger, Katharina (16 June 2019).
1763:
Batley, Richard; Mcloughlin, Claire (October 2015).
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776:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
4481:
4401:
4352:
4246:(2003), "A free press is bad news for corruption",
3506:
3294:
2487:
768: ā International non-governmental organization
614:initiatives. Accountability standards include the:
502:
3124:
2433:
2216:Pierskalla, Jan H.; Sacks, Audrey (October 2020).
1267:
1109:
1078:. NY: New York University Press. pp. 101ā119.
3556:
1246:
7413:
5068:Leadership accountability in a globalizing world
4901:"Moral Responsibility in the Age of Bureaucracy"
4203:Education in America: A View from Sudbury Valley
4134:Education in America: A View from Sudbury Valley
3639:
3387:Ferraz, Claudio; Finan, Frederico (1 May 2008).
2583:
1762:
1443:
846:Leadership accountability in a globalizing world
358:
6180:Environmental, social, and corporate governance
4361:
4301:
4274:
2774:
2215:
1592:
1419:
762: ā Independent governmental audit agencies
4625:
4591:
4008:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 33ā49.
3742:
3592:"How to Subvert Democracy: Montesinos in Peru"
3590:Mcmillan, John; Zoido, Pablo (December 2004).
2931:Civil Society: The critical History of an Idea
2483:
2481:
2382:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 29ā54,
1116:. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.
946:South Africa Journal of Information Management
106:(to calculate), which in turn is derived from
7392:
7376:
6326:
5646:
5114:
4936:. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. pp. 274ā287.
4410:
4315:Journal of Law, Economics, & Organization
4241:
3589:
3557:Gandhi, Jennifer; Ruiz-Rufino, RubƩn (2015).
3342:
3251:
2380:Democracy, Accountability, and Representation
2300:
1800:
1483:(Thesis). University of California San Diego.
1305:
1213:Democracy, accountability, and representation
703: ā Book on economic and political theory
679: ā Ethical framework for decision making
526:
447:
268:in the United States has shown that protests
94:"Accountability" derives from the late Latin
4182:. The Sudbury Valley School. 1970. pp.
4178:"Law and Order: Foundations of Discipline".
4035:The American Review of Public Administration
3921:The American Review of Public Administration
3785:
3711:
2891:
2837:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2024 (
1642:
1593:Ichino, Nahomi; SchĆ¼ndeln, Matthias (2012).
1306:Martin, Lucy; Raffler, Pia (4 August 2019).
1179:. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
683:Campaign finance reform in the United States
7328:
7305:
7296:
7287:
4658:
4487:
3386:
3081:
2478:
2301:Besley, Timothy J.; Burgess, Robin (2002).
575:
148:
135:
107:
101:
95:
6433:Four Cardinal Principles and Eight Virtues
6333:
6319:
5653:
5639:
5121:
5107:
4523:
3790:(26 May 2017). "How to fight corruption".
3561:. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.
3345:"The Electoral Consequences of Corruption"
2854:
2403:
1539:
691: ā UK ethical standards advisory body
4999:. Springer Science & Business Media.
4872:
4641:
4583:
4465:
4455:
4377:
4334:
4200:
4154:
4131:
3404:
3360:
2928:
2233:
2029:
1976:
1913:
1780:
1726:
1448:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
957:
180:
51:, and the expectation of account-giving.
5065:
5039:American Review of Public Administration
5032:
5013:
4075:
4028:
4003:
3664:
2784:, LSE STICERD Research Paper No. DEDPS48
2340:
1540:Callen, Michael; Long, James D. (2015).
1493:
914:
884:
843:
572:in which students and staff are equals.
397:
89:
6480:Values in Action Inventory of Strengths
6014:Pollutant release and transfer register
5272:Right to an adequate standard of living
4889:
4696:International Journal of Press/Politics
4167:
3719:Corruption: What Everyone Needs to Know
3213:
3037:
2710:
2698:. Centre for Economic Policy Research.
2675:
2073:
1939:
1535:
1533:
1136:
1107:
1044:
1022:
1005:
800:
331:
14:
7414:
4931:
4847:
4835:
4572:Political Science Research and Methods
4524:Besley, Timothy; Prat, Andrea (2006),
4205:. The Sudbury Valley School. pp.
4136:. The Sudbury Valley School. pp.
3980:
3974:
3852:The New World of Police Accountability
3848:
3552:
3550:
3548:
3546:
3509:Political Science Research and Methods
3502:
3500:
3498:
3453:
3451:
3338:
3336:
3334:
3247:
3245:
2770:
2768:
2693:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2579:
2577:
2529:
2527:
2404:Schumpeter, Joseph A. (5 April 2010).
2211:
2209:
2169:
2165:
2163:
2123:
2119:
2117:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2019:
1880:
1878:
1849:Quarterly Journal of Political Science
1846:
1842:
1840:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1638:
1636:
1588:
1586:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1372:
1368:
1366:
1265:
1206:
1174:
1073:
861:
713:Freedom of information laws by country
6314:
5799:Principles for Responsible Investment
5634:
5102:
4686:
4680:
4662:American Journal of Political Science
4223:
3671:American Journal of Political Science
3362:10.1146/annurev-polisci-052715-111917
3254:State Politics & Policy Quarterly
3209:
3207:
3205:
3077:
3075:
3073:
3033:
3031:
2985:Ofosu, George Kwaku (2 August 2019).
2984:
2980:
2978:
2756:
2638:The American Political Science Review
2540:American Journal of Political Science
2267:
1803:American Journal of Political Science
1708:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1315:American Journal of Political Science
1301:
1299:
1242:
1240:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1170:
1168:
1112:Accountability in Athenian Government
939:
887:Accounting, Organizations and Society
689:Committee on Standards in Public Life
673: ā Type of surveillance software
255:
6288:
4994:
4029:Thompson, Dennis F. (9 March 2014).
3953:
3947:
3745:British Journal of Political Science
2857:British Journal of Political Science
2797:British Journal of Political Science
2635:
2222:British Journal of Political Science
1688:British Journal of Political Science
1530:
1476:
1324:from the original on 6 December 2019
1088:
726: ā US federal government agency
580:Econometric research has found that
438:, as well as other laws relating to
272:have an impact on political change.
6465:Teachings of the Seven Grandfathers
5252:Human right to water and sanitation
5136:the philosophy of and activism for
5094:Citizens' Circle for Accountability
3543:
3495:
3448:
3331:
3242:
2765:
2664:
2624:
2574:
2524:
2406:Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy
2206:
2160:
2114:
2062:
2016:
1875:
1837:
1789:
1751:
1633:
1583:
1432:
1373:Sances, Michael W. (January 2016).
1363:
1048:Critical Perspectives on Accounting
585:constituencies, are less likely to
377:'s government from 1998 to 2000 in
345:
24:
5978:Environmental full-cost accounting
4829:
4080:. London: Guardian. Archived from
4076:Harriman, Ed (28 September 2007).
3393:The Quarterly Journal of Economics
3349:Annual Review of Political Science
3202:
3070:
3028:
2975:
2452:The Quarterly Journal of Economics
1336:
1296:
1237:
1183:
1165:
519:Accountability is an element of a
450:can improve police accountability.
300:
74:, decisions, and policies such as
25:
7463:
5075:
4997:Accountability in Social Research
4966:(4). SAGE Publications: 424ā444.
4934:Deontic Logic in Computer Science
4629:American Political Science Review
4599:American Political Science Review
4443:American Political Science Review
4041:(3). SAGE Publications: 259ā273.
3957:Accountability in Social Research
3127:American Political Science Review
2994:American Political Science Review
2761:. University of California Press.
1942:American Political Science Review
1270:The logic of congressional action
1249:American Political Science Review
1139:American Journal of Legal History
803:American Political Science Review
677:Accountability for reasonableness
481:Accountability in Social Research
454:
413:involves holding both individual
211:
100:(to account), a prefixed form of
43:, is equated with answerability,
6287:
6278:
6277:
6267:
5852:
5759:Extended producer responsibility
5081:
4995:Romm, Norma R.A. (31 May 2001).
4675:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00532.x
3599:Journal of Economic Perspectives
3297:Political Science & Politics
3096:10.1111/j.1468-2508.2007.00579.x
1894:Journal of Development Economics
1091:American Bar Association Journal
1025:St. Louis University Law Journal
754:Special district (United States)
724:Government Accountability Office
521:responsibility assignment matrix
503:Individuals within organizations
403:This section is an excerpt from
246:
5968:Eco-Management and Audit Scheme
4813:
4786:
4759:
4733:
4652:
4560:
4517:
4432:
4265:
4235:
4122:
4096:
4069:
4022:
3997:
3877:
3779:
3736:
3705:
3658:
3644:. University of Chicago Press.
3633:
3583:
3377:
3288:
3161:
3118:
2845:
2788:
2750:
2684:
2258:
2074:Harding, Robin (October 2015).
1930:
1702:
1679:
1487:
1470:
1413:
1259:
1130:
1101:
1082:
772:Worldwide Governance Indicators
612:Corporate Social Responsibility
549:are imposed for shortcomings."
543:
283:
216:
6418:Catalogue of Vices and Virtues
6240:Socially responsible marketing
6235:Socially responsible investing
5282:Right to a healthy environment
5066:Williams, Christopher (2006).
4491:Quarterly Journal of Economics
3985:. Sociological Research Online
2942:. Princeton University Press.
1782:10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.05.018
1215:. Cambridge University Press.
1067:
1038:
996:
982:
933:
908:
852:
848:. London: Palgraave Macmillan.
837:
794:
707:Exit, Voice, and Loyalty Model
630:AccountAbility's AA1000 series
381:) can strategically undermine
13:
1:
6230:Socially responsible business
5128:
5070:. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
4843:. Cambridge University Press.
4427:10.1016/S0014-2921(01)00133-7
4260:10.1016/s0047-2727(01)00186-4
4078:"Blackwater poisons the well"
3960:. New York: Klower Academic.
3898:10.1080/1478601X.2016.1158177
3216:Legislative Studies Quarterly
2894:American Behavioral Scientist
2713:Comparative Political Studies
2680:. Cambridge University Press.
2590:Comparative Political Studies
2172:Comparative Political Studies
2126:Comparative Political Studies
1906:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2016.10.001
1715:Comparative Political Studies
1645:Comparative Political Studies
1108:Roberts, Jennifer T. (1982).
781:World Bank's Inspection Panel
359:Accountability and corruption
321:Constituency Development Fund
7067:
7058:
7035:
6175:Environmental pricing reform
5706:environmental responsibility
5033:Thompson, Dennis F. (2014).
4865:10.1080/01402382.2010.486119
4795:"HAP International RSS feed"
4365:Journal of Political Economy
2933:. New York University Press.
2388:10.1017/cbo9781139175104.002
899:10.1016/0361-3682(93)E0003-Y
787:
623:signed by a large number of
605:
7:
7164:
7001:
6978:
6340:
6205:Market governance mechanism
6061:Global Reporting Initiative
6031:standards and certification
5938:Social return on investment
4504:10.1162/qjec.2008.123.2.703
4248:Journal of Public Economics
3722:. Oxford University Press.
3415:10.1162/qjec.2008.123.2.703
2906:10.1177/0002764298042001010
2694:Besley, Timothy J. (2007).
2056:10.1016/j.enpol.2013.09.060
1477:Long, James Dunway (2014).
1352:, Center for Open Science,
1266:Arnold, R. Douglas (1990).
657:
619:INGO Accountability Charter
486:
10:
7468:
6145:Community interest company
6089:Community-based monitoring
5923:Genuine progress indicator
4155:Greenberg, Daniel (1987).
3849:Walker, Samuel E. (2005).
3266:10.1177/153244000800800403
3228:10.3162/036298008784311019
766:Transparency International
527:Public and private overlap
463:
459:
402:
337:other factors included in
184:
7348:
7266:
7093:
7020:
6970:
6493:
6391:
6348:
6263:
6170:Environmental degradation
6122:
6079:
6053:
6019:Sustainability accounting
5951:
5883:Ethical positioning index
5861:
5850:
5675:
5597:
5406:
5370:
5302:Right to rest and leisure
5144:
5134:
4643:10.1017/S0003055417000144
4612:10.1017/S0003055413000014
4457:10.1017/S0003055419000352
3954:Romm, Norma R.A. (2001).
3757:10.1017/S0007123420000393
3309:10.1017/S1049096501000750
3139:10.1017/s0003055417000648
3040:SSRN Working Paper Series
3006:10.1017/s0003055419000479
2869:10.1017/s0007123498000313
2811:(inactive 28 July 2024).
2809:10.1017/s0007123402000236
2650:10.1017/S0003055407070153
2310:SSRN Working Paper Series
2235:10.1017/S0007123418000601
2092:10.1017/S0043887115000209
1991:10.1017/S0022381609990260
1954:10.1017/S0003055409090261
1611:10.1017/S0022381611001368
1444:Simpser, Alberto (2013).
1274:. Yale University Press.
990:Oxford English Dictionary
760:Supreme audit institution
732: ā Concept in ethics
196:democratic institutions.
18:Government accountability
6200:Health impact assessment
6071:Sustainability reporting
6040:Toxics Release Inventory
5834:Transparency (behavioral
5809:Social impact assessment
5698:Corporate accountability
5352:Universal basic services
5051:10.1177/0275074014524013
4972:10.1177/1742715015578307
4708:10.1177/1940161211434422
4534:American Economic Review
4414:European Economic Review
4047:10.1177/0275074014524013
3933:10.1177/0275074019891993
3886:Criminal Justice Studies
3665:Brierley, Sarah (2020).
3611:10.1257/0895330042632690
2929:Ehrenberg, John (1999).
2725:10.1177/0010414018774372
2602:10.1177/0010414019852686
2184:10.1177/0010414014555443
2138:10.1177/0010414015582051
1900:. Elsevier BV: 199ā213.
1728:10.1177/0010414019830737
1657:10.1177/0010414008325571
1549:American Economic Review
844:Williams, Reyes (2006).
701:Exit, Voice, and Loyalty
576:Media and accountability
470:Environmental accounting
419:law enforcement agencies
149:Electoral accountability
136:Political accountability
6255:Supply chain management
6195:Global justice movement
5994:profit-and-loss account
5615:Minnie Cumnock Blodgett
4892:Ethics: Ready Reference
3981:Truman, Carole (2010).
3812:10.1126/science.aan0815
3642:The Logic of Delegation
3461:The Journal of Politics
3084:The Journal of Politics
1979:The Journal of Politics
1709:McKie, Kristin (2019).
1599:The Journal of Politics
1379:The Journal of Politics
959:10.4102/sajim.v19i1.771
940:David, Rodreck (2017).
878:10.1111/1467-9299.00218
671:Accountability software
350:Traditional leaders in
7393:
7377:
7329:
7306:
7297:
7288:
6220:SDG Publishers Compact
5982:Environmental conflict
5789:Organizational justice
5605:Ellen Swallow Richards
5347:Universal basic income
4853:West European Politics
4306:; Payne, Mark (2003),
4279:; Payne, Mark (2000),
2757:Bates, Robert (1981).
2676:Baldwin, Kate (2015).
1175:Fearon, James (1999).
1061:10.1006/cpac.1997.0123
665:Accountability partner
538:Nisour Square massacre
181:Electoral manipulation
108:
102:
96:
6882:Righteous indignation
6210:Product certification
6009:Life-cycle assessment
5928:Performance indicator
5819:Social responsibility
5784:Organizational ethics
5714:social responsibility
5327:Social responsibility
4327:10.1093/jleo/19.2.445
4168:Feldman, Jay (2001),
3178:10.1017/9781108381390
2940:Making Democracy Work
2778:Making Autocracy Work
2696:Making autocracy work
2414:10.4324/9780203857090
1809:(1). Wiley: 210ā224.
1508:10.1353/jod.2002.0031
1358:10.31219/osf.io/qwcek
865:Public Administration
750: ā Legal concept
748:Right to be forgotten
411:Police accountability
405:Police accountability
398:Police accountability
185:Further information:
90:History and etymology
7447:Political corruption
6400:BodhipakkhiyÄ dhammÄ
6215:Public participation
6150:Conflict of interest
5740:inequality in the UK
5732:in the United States
5724:Environmental racism
5519:Industrial relations
5090:at Wikimedia Commons
4687:Starr, Paul (2012),
4547:10.1257/aer.96.3.720
3521:10.1017/psrm.2016.45
3048:10.2139/ssrn.3239492
2490:Comparative Politics
2272:. 14ā14 (1): 19ā42.
1861:10.1561/100.00011019
1561:10.1257/aer.20120427
1496:Journal of Democracy
738: ā Global trust
730:Moral responsibility
587:stand witness before
448:Electoral incentives
366:retrospective voting
332:Public opinion polls
187:Political corruption
6470:Theological virtues
6373:Positive psychology
6185:Ethical consumerism
6135:Benefit corporation
6027:metrics and indices
5829:Sullivan principles
5744:injustice in Europe
5182:Consumer protection
4905:Michigan Law Review
4774:on 8 September 2013
4741:"About the Charter"
4585:10.1017/psrm.2018.3
3804:2017Sci...356..803F
3441:. World Bank. 1997.
2318:10.2139/ssrn.319012
2048:2014EnPol..65..619M
493:user identification
383:checks-and-balances
54:As in an aspect of
6902:Self-transcendence
6494:Individual virtues
6438:Nine Noble Virtues
6367:Nicomachean Ethics
6273:Environment portal
6045:Triple bottom line
5973:Emission inventory
5878:Double bottom line
5824:Stakeholder theory
5383:Consumer education
5342:Supportive housing
5332:Subsidized housing
5322:Security of person
5277:Right to education
4819:ActionAid (2005).
4254:(7ā8): 1801ā1824,
3683:10.1111/ajps.12495
2948:10.2307/j.ctt7s8r7
2552:10.1111/ajps.12428
2464:10.1093/qje/qjt021
2355:10.1007/bf00124924
2278:10.1007/bf01718440
1815:10.1111/ajps.12530
1690:. Rochester, N.Y.
510:Dennis F. Thompson
428:search and seizure
295:selectorate theory
266:Tea Party movement
256:Political protests
7409:
7408:
7405:
7404:
6556:Conscientiousness
6423:Epistemic virtues
6308:
6307:
6225:Social enterprise
6130:Bangladesh Accord
5990:management system
5986:impact assessment
5963:Carbon accounting
5893:Impact assessment
5844:UN Global Compact
5736:in Western Europe
5688:Aarhus Convention
5628:
5627:
5434:Child development
5388:Consumer movement
5378:Consumer activism
5297:Right to property
5187:Critical thinking
5086:Media related to
5025:978-0-521-54722-2
5006:978-0-306-46564-2
4943:978-3-540-70524-6
4216:978-1-888947-07-6
4193:978-1-888947-05-2
4147:978-1-888947-07-6
4015:978-0-521-54722-2
3967:978-0-306-46564-2
3862:978-1-412-90943-3
3798:(6340): 803ā804.
3786:Fisman, Raymond;
3729:978-0-19-046397-7
3714:Golden, Miriam A.
3712:Fisman, Raymond;
3651:978-0-226-43531-2
3568:978-1-315-73137-7
2957:978-1-4008-2074-0
2719:(12): 1925ā1956.
2596:(12): 1747ā1774.
2397:978-0-521-64616-1
2132:(12): 1526ā1562.
1769:World Development
1721:(10): 1500ā1534.
1455:978-1-107-30688-2
926:978-1-55587-773-6
466:Social accounting
444:sexual harassment
224:is conditional on
16:(Redirected from
7459:
7442:Issues in ethics
7398:
7382:
7334:
7311:
7302:
7293:
7169:
7072:
7063:
7040:
7006:
6983:
6968:
6967:
6897:Self-cultivation
6450:Prussian virtues
6413:Cardinal virtues
6335:
6328:
6321:
6312:
6311:
6291:
6290:
6281:
6280:
6271:
5856:
5774:Little Eichmanns
5655:
5648:
5641:
5632:
5631:
5484:Health promotion
5474:Health education
5398:Social movements
5393:Environmentalism
5337:Supported living
5292:Right to housing
5232:Homeless shelter
5123:
5116:
5109:
5100:
5099:
5085:
5071:
5062:
5029:
5010:
4991:
4957:
4947:
4928:
4911:(8): 2348ā2392.
4895:
4886:
4876:
4844:
4823:
4817:
4811:
4810:
4808:
4806:
4797:. Archived from
4790:
4784:
4783:
4781:
4779:
4770:. Archived from
4763:
4757:
4756:
4754:
4752:
4743:. Archived from
4737:
4731:
4730:
4724:
4722:
4693:
4684:
4678:
4677:
4656:
4650:
4646:
4645:
4622:
4588:
4587:
4564:
4558:
4557:
4530:
4521:
4515:
4514:
4485:
4479:
4478:
4469:
4459:
4436:
4430:
4429:
4421:(4ā6): 629ā640,
4408:
4399:
4398:
4381:
4359:
4350:
4346:
4345:
4343:
4338:
4312:
4302:AdserĆ , AlĆcia;
4298:
4297:
4295:
4285:
4275:AdserĆ , AlĆcia;
4269:
4263:
4262:
4242:Brunetti, Aymo;
4239:
4233:
4229:
4226:Psychology Today
4220:
4197:
4174:
4164:
4159:. Archived from
4157:"Back to Basics"
4151:
4126:
4120:
4119:
4117:
4115:
4100:
4094:
4093:
4091:
4089:
4084:on 12 April 2008
4073:
4067:
4066:
4026:
4020:
4019:
4001:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3990:
3978:
3972:
3971:
3951:
3945:
3944:
3916:
3910:
3909:
3881:
3875:
3874:
3846:
3840:
3839:
3783:
3777:
3776:
3740:
3734:
3733:
3709:
3703:
3702:
3662:
3656:
3655:
3637:
3631:
3630:
3596:
3587:
3581:
3580:
3554:
3541:
3540:
3504:
3493:
3492:
3455:
3446:
3442:
3434:
3408:
3381:
3375:
3374:
3364:
3340:
3329:
3328:
3292:
3286:
3285:
3249:
3240:
3239:
3211:
3200:
3199:
3165:
3159:
3158:
3122:
3116:
3115:
3079:
3068:
3067:
3035:
3026:
3025:
2991:
2982:
2973:
2969:
2934:
2925:
2888:
2849:
2843:
2842:
2836:
2828:
2792:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2772:
2763:
2762:
2754:
2748:
2744:
2707:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2673:
2662:
2661:
2633:
2622:
2621:
2581:
2572:
2571:
2531:
2522:
2521:
2485:
2476:
2475:
2458:(4): 1633ā1685.
2449:
2440:
2431:
2427:
2400:
2374:
2337:
2307:
2297:
2262:
2256:
2255:
2237:
2228:(4): 1283ā1305.
2213:
2204:
2203:
2167:
2158:
2157:
2121:
2112:
2111:
2071:
2060:
2059:
2027:
2014:
2010:
1985:(4): 1225ā1237.
1973:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1917:
1891:
1882:
1873:
1872:
1844:
1835:
1834:
1798:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1760:
1749:
1748:
1730:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1683:
1677:
1676:
1640:
1631:
1630:
1590:
1581:
1580:
1546:
1537:
1528:
1527:
1491:
1485:
1484:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1441:
1430:
1429:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1370:
1361:
1360:
1345:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1323:
1312:
1303:
1294:
1293:
1273:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1244:
1235:
1234:
1208:
1181:
1180:
1172:
1163:
1162:
1134:
1128:
1127:
1115:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1086:
1080:
1079:
1071:
1065:
1064:
1042:
1036:
1032:
1019:
1013:
1000:
994:
993:
986:
980:
979:
961:
937:
931:
930:
912:
906:
902:
893:(2/3): 219ā237.
881:
856:
850:
849:
841:
835:
834:
798:
777:
588:
570:direct democracy
563:
478:
477:the social field
440:equal employment
375:Alberto Fujimori
346:Shared interests
225:
111:
105:
99:
21:
7467:
7466:
7462:
7461:
7460:
7458:
7457:
7456:
7452:Social concepts
7412:
7411:
7410:
7401:
7344:
7262:
7089:
7016:
6966:
6489:
6475:Three Treasures
6392:Virtue families
6387:
6361:Moral character
6344:
6339:
6309:
6304:
6259:
6118:
6075:
6049:
5954:
5947:
5943:Whole-life cost
5873:Corporate crime
5864:
5857:
5848:
5779:Loss and damage
5749:Ethical banking
5693:Climate justice
5680:
5671:
5659:
5629:
5624:
5593:
5584:Water treatment
5574:Social sciences
5569:Social programs
5554:Quality of life
5494:Health sciences
5489:Health research
5407:Fields of study
5402:
5366:
5162:Assisted living
5140:
5130:
5127:
5078:
5026:
5007:
4955:
4944:
4917:10.2307/1289575
4832:
4830:Further reading
4827:
4826:
4818:
4814:
4804:
4802:
4793:
4791:
4787:
4777:
4775:
4766:
4764:
4760:
4750:
4748:
4739:
4738:
4734:
4720:
4718:
4691:
4685:
4681:
4657:
4653:
4649:
4565:
4561:
4528:
4522:
4518:
4486:
4482:
4437:
4433:
4409:
4402:
4379:10.1.1.210.8371
4360:
4353:
4349:
4341:
4339:
4310:
4293:
4291:
4283:
4270:
4266:
4244:Weder, Beatrice
4240:
4236:
4232:
4217:
4194:
4177:
4163:on 11 May 2011.
4148:
4127:
4123:
4113:
4111:
4110:on 22 July 2017
4102:
4101:
4097:
4087:
4085:
4074:
4070:
4027:
4023:
4016:
4002:
3998:
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3986:
3979:
3975:
3968:
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3948:
3917:
3913:
3882:
3878:
3863:
3847:
3843:
3784:
3780:
3741:
3737:
3730:
3710:
3706:
3663:
3659:
3652:
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3634:
3594:
3588:
3584:
3569:
3555:
3544:
3505:
3496:
3456:
3449:
3445:
3437:
3406:10.1.1.222.8752
3382:
3378:
3341:
3332:
3293:
3289:
3250:
3243:
3212:
3203:
3188:
3166:
3162:
3123:
3119:
3080:
3071:
3036:
3029:
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2976:
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2850:
2846:
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2214:
2207:
2168:
2161:
2122:
2115:
2072:
2063:
2028:
2017:
2013:
1935:
1931:
1889:
1883:
1876:
1845:
1838:
1799:
1790:
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1752:
1707:
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1471:
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1184:
1173:
1166:
1151:10.2307/3185349
1135:
1131:
1124:
1106:
1102:
1087:
1083:
1076:the Rule of Law
1072:
1068:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1001:
997:
992:(2nd ed.).
988:
987:
983:
938:
934:
927:
913:
909:
905:
857:
853:
842:
838:
815:10.2307/1949761
799:
795:
790:
785:
775:
742:Open government
736:One World Trust
718:Good governance
660:
608:
586:
578:
561:
557:Sudbury schools
546:
529:
505:
489:
476:
472:
462:
457:
452:
451:
415:police officers
408:
400:
361:
348:
334:
303:
301:Civil societies
286:
258:
249:
223:
219:
214:
193:
191:Electoral fraud
183:
151:
138:
92:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7465:
7455:
7454:
7449:
7444:
7439:
7434:
7429:
7424:
7422:Accountability
7407:
7406:
7403:
7402:
7400:
7399:
7390:
7383:
7374:
7367:
7360:
7352:
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6558:
6553:
6548:
6543:
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6528:
6523:
6518:
6513:
6508:
6503:
6501:Accountability
6497:
6495:
6491:
6490:
6488:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6467:
6462:
6457:
6452:
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6330:
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6315:
6306:
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6116:
6111:
6101:
6091:
6085:
6083:
6077:
6076:
6074:
6073:
6068:
6066:GxP guidelines
6063:
6057:
6055:
6051:
6050:
6048:
6047:
6042:
6037:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6001:
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5957:
5949:
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5910:
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5890:
5885:
5880:
5875:
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5867:
5859:
5858:
5851:
5849:
5847:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5814:Social justice
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5721:
5716:
5710:responsibility
5695:
5690:
5684:
5682:
5673:
5672:
5669:accountability
5658:
5657:
5650:
5643:
5635:
5626:
5625:
5623:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5607:
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5556:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5504:Home economics
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5426:
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5416:
5410:
5408:
5404:
5403:
5401:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5374:
5372:
5368:
5367:
5365:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5152:Accountability
5148:
5146:
5142:
5141:
5135:
5132:
5131:
5126:
5125:
5118:
5111:
5103:
5097:
5096:
5091:
5088:Accountability
5077:
5076:External links
5074:
5073:
5072:
5063:
5045:(3): 259ā273.
5030:
5024:
5011:
5005:
4992:
4948:
4942:
4929:
4896:
4894:. Salem Press.
4887:
4859:(5): 946ā967.
4845:
4831:
4828:
4825:
4824:
4812:
4801:on 3 July 2013
4785:
4758:
4747:on 17 May 2013
4732:
4702:(2): 234ā242,
4679:
4669:(4): 869ā885,
4651:
4648:
4647:
4636:(3): 484ā501,
4623:
4606:(2): 326ā343,
4589:
4578:(4): 815ā834,
4566:
4559:
4541:(3): 720ā736,
4516:
4498:(2): 703ā745,
4480:
4450:(4): 883ā901,
4431:
4400:
4388:10.1086/652903
4372:(2): 355ā408,
4351:
4348:
4347:
4321:(2): 445ā490,
4299:
4271:
4264:
4234:
4231:
4230:
4221:
4215:
4198:
4192:
4175:
4165:
4152:
4146:
4128:
4121:
4095:
4068:
4021:
4014:
3996:
3973:
3966:
3946:
3927:(3): 297ā314.
3911:
3892:(3): 232ā252.
3876:
3861:
3841:
3788:Golden, Miriam
3778:
3735:
3728:
3704:
3677:(2): 209ā222.
3657:
3650:
3632:
3582:
3567:
3542:
3515:(3): 413ā428.
3494:
3473:10.1086/678766
3447:
3444:
3443:
3435:
3399:(2): 703ā745.
3383:
3376:
3355:(1): 391ā408.
3330:
3303:(4): 815ā819.
3287:
3260:(4): 384ā409.
3241:
3222:(2): 245ā261.
3201:
3186:
3160:
3133:(2): 280ā301.
3117:
3090:(3): 844ā858.
3069:
3027:
3000:(4): 963ā979.
2974:
2971:
2970:
2956:
2935:
2926:
2900:(1): 124ā139.
2889:
2863:(4): 686ā693.
2851:
2844:
2803:(4): 559ā590.
2787:
2764:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2708:
2690:
2683:
2663:
2644:(2): 355ā372.
2623:
2573:
2546:(3): 626ā643.
2523:
2502:10.2307/422153
2477:
2432:
2429:
2428:
2422:
2401:
2396:
2375:
2338:
2298:
2264:
2257:
2205:
2178:(6): 691ā727.
2159:
2113:
2086:(4): 656ā689.
2080:World Politics
2061:
2032:Golden, Miriam
2015:
2012:
2011:
1974:
1948:(2): 214ā230.
1936:
1929:
1874:
1836:
1788:
1750:
1701:
1678:
1651:(3): 392ā415.
1632:
1605:(1): 292ā307.
1582:
1555:(1): 354ā381.
1529:
1486:
1469:
1454:
1431:
1412:
1391:10.1086/683026
1385:(1): 105ā119.
1362:
1335:
1295:
1280:
1258:
1236:
1221:
1182:
1164:
1129:
1122:
1100:
1081:
1066:
1055:(6): 563ā601.
1037:
1034:
1033:
1020:
1002:
995:
981:
932:
925:
907:
904:
903:
882:
872:(3): 555ā573.
858:
851:
836:
792:
791:
789:
786:
784:
783:
778:
769:
763:
757:
751:
745:
739:
733:
727:
721:
715:
710:
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686:
680:
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651:
641:
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634:
631:
628:
621:
607:
604:
577:
574:
545:
542:
528:
525:
504:
501:
497:authentication
488:
485:
461:
458:
456:
455:Organizational
453:
436:discrimination
409:
401:
399:
396:
360:
357:
347:
344:
333:
330:
302:
299:
285:
282:
257:
254:
248:
245:
218:
215:
213:
212:Administrative
210:
182:
179:
150:
147:
137:
134:
91:
88:
76:administration
35:, in terms of
33:Accountability
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7464:
7453:
7450:
7448:
7445:
7443:
7440:
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7354:
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6999:
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6996:
6992:
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6948:
6945:
6943:
6940:
6938:
6935:
6933:
6930:
6928:
6925:
6923:
6922:Sportsmanship
6920:
6918:
6915:
6913:
6910:
6908:
6905:
6903:
6900:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6887:Righteousness
6885:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6875:
6873:
6870:
6868:
6865:
6863:
6860:
6858:
6855:
6853:
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6828:
6827:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6818:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6803:
6801:
6800:Nonattachment
6798:
6796:
6793:
6791:
6788:
6786:
6783:
6781:
6778:
6776:
6773:
6771:
6768:
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6758:
6756:
6753:
6751:
6748:
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6734:
6731:
6730:
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6711:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6676:
6674:
6671:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6659:
6656:
6654:
6651:
6649:
6646:
6644:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6624:
6621:
6619:
6616:
6614:
6611:
6609:
6606:
6604:
6601:
6599:
6596:
6594:
6591:
6589:
6586:
6584:
6581:
6579:
6576:
6572:
6569:
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6564:
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6554:
6552:
6549:
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6529:
6527:
6524:
6522:
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6514:
6512:
6509:
6507:
6504:
6502:
6499:
6498:
6496:
6492:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6460:Seven virtues
6458:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6445:
6441:
6439:
6436:
6434:
6431:
6429:
6426:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6408:
6407:BrahmavihÄrÄs
6404:
6402:
6401:
6397:
6396:
6394:
6390:
6384:
6383:Virtue ethics
6381:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6368:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6353:
6351:
6349:About virtues
6347:
6343:
6336:
6331:
6329:
6324:
6322:
6317:
6316:
6313:
6301:
6300:Organizations
6298:
6296:
6295:
6286:
6284:
6276:
6274:
6270:
6266:
6265:
6262:
6256:
6253:
6250:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6160:Disinvestment
6158:
6156:
6153:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6128:
6127:
6125:
6121:
6115:
6112:
6109:
6108:certification
6105:
6102:
6099:
6098:certification
6095:
6094:Environmental
6092:
6090:
6087:
6086:
6084:
6082:
6078:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6058:
6056:
6052:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6032:
6028:
6024:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5991:
5987:
5983:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5960:
5958:
5956:
5953:Environmental
5950:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5897:environmental
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5870:
5868:
5866:
5860:
5855:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5741:
5737:
5733:
5729:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5711:
5707:
5703:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5685:
5683:
5678:
5674:
5670:
5667:
5666:environmental
5663:
5656:
5651:
5649:
5644:
5642:
5637:
5636:
5633:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5610:Julia Lathrop
5608:
5606:
5603:
5602:
5600:
5596:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5549:Public health
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5479:Health policy
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5411:
5409:
5405:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5375:
5373:
5369:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5287:Right to food
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5262:Personal life
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5247:Housing First
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5149:
5147:
5143:
5139:
5133:
5124:
5119:
5117:
5112:
5110:
5105:
5104:
5101:
5095:
5092:
5089:
5084:
5080:
5079:
5069:
5064:
5060:
5056:
5052:
5048:
5044:
5040:
5036:
5031:
5027:
5021:
5017:
5012:
5008:
5002:
4998:
4993:
4989:
4985:
4981:
4977:
4973:
4969:
4965:
4961:
4954:
4949:
4945:
4939:
4935:
4930:
4926:
4922:
4918:
4914:
4910:
4906:
4902:
4897:
4893:
4888:
4884:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4866:
4862:
4858:
4854:
4850:
4846:
4842:
4838:
4834:
4833:
4822:
4816:
4800:
4796:
4789:
4773:
4769:
4762:
4746:
4742:
4736:
4729:
4717:
4713:
4709:
4705:
4701:
4697:
4690:
4683:
4676:
4672:
4668:
4664:
4663:
4655:
4644:
4639:
4635:
4631:
4630:
4624:
4621:
4617:
4613:
4609:
4605:
4601:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4586:
4581:
4577:
4573:
4568:
4567:
4563:
4556:
4552:
4548:
4544:
4540:
4536:
4535:
4527:
4520:
4513:
4509:
4505:
4501:
4497:
4493:
4492:
4484:
4477:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4449:
4445:
4444:
4435:
4428:
4424:
4420:
4416:
4415:
4407:
4405:
4397:
4393:
4389:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4371:
4367:
4366:
4358:
4356:
4337:
4332:
4328:
4324:
4320:
4316:
4309:
4305:
4300:
4289:
4288:Working Paper
4282:
4278:
4273:
4272:
4268:
4261:
4257:
4253:
4249:
4245:
4238:
4227:
4222:
4218:
4212:
4208:
4204:
4199:
4195:
4189:
4185:
4181:
4176:
4173:
4172:
4166:
4162:
4158:
4153:
4149:
4143:
4139:
4135:
4130:
4129:
4125:
4109:
4105:
4099:
4083:
4079:
4072:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4025:
4017:
4011:
4007:
4000:
3984:
3977:
3969:
3963:
3959:
3958:
3950:
3942:
3938:
3934:
3930:
3926:
3922:
3915:
3907:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3891:
3887:
3880:
3872:
3868:
3864:
3858:
3854:
3853:
3845:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3825:
3821:
3817:
3813:
3809:
3805:
3801:
3797:
3793:
3789:
3782:
3774:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3750:
3746:
3739:
3731:
3725:
3721:
3720:
3715:
3708:
3700:
3696:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3680:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3661:
3653:
3647:
3643:
3636:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3593:
3586:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3564:
3560:
3553:
3551:
3549:
3547:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3503:
3501:
3499:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3454:
3452:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3385:
3384:
3380:
3372:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3339:
3337:
3335:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3291:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3248:
3246:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3187:9781108381390
3183:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3164:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3121:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3034:
3032:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2988:
2981:
2979:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2936:
2932:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2853:
2852:
2848:
2840:
2834:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2791:
2780:
2779:
2771:
2769:
2760:
2753:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2692:
2691:
2687:
2679:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2632:
2630:
2628:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2580:
2578:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2530:
2528:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2484:
2482:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2446:
2439:
2437:
2425:
2423:9780203857090
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2402:
2399:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2349:(1ā3): 5ā25.
2348:
2344:
2343:Public Choice
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2304:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2270:Public Choice
2266:
2265:
2261:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2212:
2210:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2166:
2164:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2120:
2118:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2036:Energy Policy
2033:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1925:
1921:
1916:
1915:1721.1/127650
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1888:
1881:
1879:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1843:
1841:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1783:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1705:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1682:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1639:
1637:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1589:
1587:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1543:
1536:
1534:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1490:
1482:
1481:
1473:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1451:
1447:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1427:
1423:
1416:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1369:
1367:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1320:
1316:
1309:
1302:
1300:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1277:
1272:
1271:
1262:
1255:(3): 543ā565.
1254:
1250:
1243:
1241:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1222:9780521641531
1218:
1214:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1178:
1171:
1169:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1133:
1125:
1123:9780299086800
1119:
1114:
1113:
1104:
1097:(7): 437ā441.
1096:
1092:
1085:
1077:
1070:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1049:
1041:
1031:(2): 393ā480.
1030:
1026:
1021:
1017:
1012:
1011:
1004:
1003:
999:
991:
985:
977:
973:
969:
965:
960:
955:
951:
947:
943:
936:
928:
922:
918:
911:
900:
896:
892:
888:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
866:
860:
859:
855:
847:
840:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
797:
793:
782:
779:
773:
770:
767:
764:
761:
758:
755:
752:
749:
746:
743:
740:
737:
734:
731:
728:
725:
722:
719:
716:
714:
711:
708:
705:
702:
699:
696:
693:
690:
687:
684:
681:
678:
675:
672:
669:
666:
663:
662:
652:
650:
646:
645:
644:
638:
635:
632:
629:
626:
622:
620:
617:
616:
615:
613:
603:
601:
595:
591:
583:
573:
571:
567:
558:
553:
550:
541:
539:
533:
524:
522:
517:
513:
511:
500:
498:
494:
484:
482:
471:
467:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
420:
417:, as well as
416:
412:
406:
395:
391:
387:
384:
380:
376:
372:
367:
356:
353:
343:
340:
329:
327:
322:
317:
316:meta-analysis
311:
308:
298:
296:
291:
281:
278:
273:
271:
267:
263:
253:
247:Non-electoral
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
209:
205:
203:
197:
192:
188:
178:
174:
170:
166:
163:
159:
158:formal theory
154:
146:
142:
133:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
114:Ancient Egypt
110:
104:
98:
87:
83:
79:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
60:public sector
57:
52:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
19:
7385:
7369:
7362:
7355:
7337:
7321:
7314:
7280:
7273:
7255:
7248:
7241:
7235:
7228:
7221:
7214:
7207:
7200:
7193:
7186:
7179:
7172:
7156:
7149:
7144:Brahmacharya
7142:
7135:
7128:
7121:
7114:
7107:
7100:
7082:
7075:
7050:
7043:
7027:
7009:
6993:
6986:
6942:Tranquillity
6892:Self-control
6862:Renunciation
6820:Philanthropy
6815:Perspicacity
6775:Magnificence
6728:Intelligence
6708:Impartiality
6628:Faithfulness
6516:Authenticity
6500:
6442:
6428:Five virtues
6405:
6398:
6378:Trait theory
6365:
6292:
6165:Eco-labeling
6140:Child labour
6035:supply chain
6033: /
6029: /
6025: /
6021: /
5992: /
5988: /
5984: /
5980: /
5754:Ethical code
5742: /
5738: /
5734: /
5730: /
5726: /
5712: /
5708: /
5704: /
5700: /
5668:
5620:Melvil Dewey
5464:Food science
5307:Right to sit
5242:Housekeeping
5151:
5067:
5042:
5038:
5015:
4996:
4963:
4959:
4933:
4908:
4904:
4891:
4856:
4852:
4849:Bovens, Mark
4840:
4837:Bovens, Mark
4820:
4815:
4803:. Retrieved
4799:the original
4788:
4776:. Retrieved
4772:the original
4761:
4749:. Retrieved
4745:the original
4735:
4726:
4719:, retrieved
4699:
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916:
910:
890:
886:
869:
863:
854:
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806:
802:
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642:
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544:In education
534:
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312:
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287:
284:Selectorates
274:
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229:
220:
217:Public goods
206:
202:intimidation
198:
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171:
167:
155:
152:
143:
139:
128:, and later
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29:
6962:Workmanship
6852:Punctuality
6770:Magnanimity
6693:Hospitality
6643:Forgiveness
6588:Discernment
6546:Cleanliness
6245:Stakeholder
6023:measurement
5764:Externality
5719:Dirty hands
5598:Key players
5414:Air quality
5257:Life skills
5212:Food safety
5207:Environment
5177:Consumerism
4874:1874/204069
4336:10419/87999
2042:: 619ā625.
1775:: 275ā285.
809:(1): 1ā25.
424:due process
371:equilibrium
277:sub-Saharan
66:, private (
45:culpability
7437:Evaluation
7416:Categories
7275:Auctoritas
7123:Aparigraha
7102:Adhiį¹į¹hÄna
7084:Sophrosyne
7052:Eutrapelia
6937:Temperance
6917:Solidarity
6907:Simplicity
6867:Resilience
6842:Politeness
6810:Patriotism
6790:Moderation
6663:Good faith
6653:Generosity
6613:Equanimity
6593:Discipline
6551:Compassion
6249:engagement
6104:Fair trade
5955:accounting
5888:Higg Index
5865:accounting
5681:principles
5589:Well-being
5559:Sanitation
5544:Psychology
5539:Prevention
5459:Employment
5317:Sanitation
5267:Preference
4960:Leadership
4778:6 December
4751:6 December
4114:6 December
2496:(4): 419.
1328:6 December
1281:0300056591
464:See also:
97:accomptare
56:governance
41:governance
7432:Euthenics
7427:Democracy
7323:Humanitas
7069:Phronesis
7060:Philotimo
6912:Sincerity
6877:Reverence
6745:Judgement
6733:Emotional
6723:Integrity
6713:Innocence
6668:Gratitude
6648:Frugality
6638:Foresight
6618:Etiquette
6608:Endurance
6583:Diligence
6506:Alertness
6455:Scout Law
6356:Endowment
6190:Euthenics
6155:Disasters
6114:ISO 19011
6054:Reporting
6004:ISO 14031
5999:ISO 14000
5918:ISO 45001
5913:ISO 26000
5794:Pollution
5728:in Russia
5702:behaviour
5564:Self care
5534:Organisms
5529:Nutrition
5454:Education
5449:Economics
5429:Chemistry
5419:Bioethics
5237:Household
5222:Happiness
5202:Education
5138:Euthenics
5129:Euthenics
5059:154304430
4980:1742-7150
4883:154886643
4792:Webpage:
4765:Website:
4721:31 August
4716:146729965
4396:154635874
4374:CiteSeerX
4342:31 August
4294:17 August
4088:26 August
4063:154304430
4055:0275-0740
3989:27 August
3941:0275-0740
3906:148242583
3836:206658780
3820:0036-8075
3773:234411216
3765:0007-1234
3751:: 41ā64.
3699:202313542
3691:1540-5907
3627:219372153
3619:0895-3309
3577:907374446
3537:155201513
3529:2049-8470
3481:0022-3816
3423:0033-5533
3401:CiteSeerX
3371:1094-2939
3325:153487954
3317:1049-0965
3282:154373150
3274:1532-4400
3236:0362-9805
3196:243627947
3147:0003-0554
3104:0022-3816
3064:160023663
3056:1556-5068
3022:201385531
3014:0003-0554
2966:155009926
2922:144681913
2914:0002-7642
2877:0007-1234
2817:0007-1234
2741:158062055
2733:0010-4140
2704:255778387
2658:146348780
2618:197832991
2610:0010-4140
2568:164557135
2560:0092-5853
2510:0010-4159
2472:0033-5533
2371:153577661
2363:0048-5829
2326:1556-5068
2294:154999534
2286:0048-5829
2252:149452970
2244:0007-1234
2200:154879177
2192:0010-4140
2154:154285722
2146:0010-4140
2100:0043-8871
1999:0022-3816
1962:0003-0554
1924:0304-3878
1869:155004601
1831:209526364
1823:0092-5853
1745:159155380
1737:0010-4140
1673:155078768
1665:0010-4140
1619:0022-3816
1569:0002-8282
1524:154830665
1516:1086-3214
1464:826857655
1407:155437616
1399:0022-3816
1290:472546186
976:168907338
968:1560-683X
831:143587418
788:Footnotes
695:Euthenics
649:ActionAid
606:Standards
162:incumbent
103:computare
68:corporate
64:nonprofit
49:liability
7316:Gravitas
7299:Dignitas
7045:Ataraxia
6927:Sympathy
6857:Religion
6847:Prudence
6805:Patience
6780:Meekness
6755:Kindness
6703:Humility
6698:Humanity
6633:Fidelity
6578:Courtesy
6541:Chivalry
6536:Chastity
6526:Charisma
6521:Calmness
6511:Altruism
6283:Category
6081:Auditing
5902:equality
5439:Cleaning
5371:Activism
5167:Autonomy
5145:Concepts
4839:(1998).
4620:53577293
4555:13849989
4476:33303996
3871:56334321
3828:28546172
3716:(2017).
3155:15659219
3112:42972242
2825:40514840
2108:20470554
1970:53957756
1627:10426326
1319:Archived
1231:58400209
658:See also
487:Security
339:Bayesian
72:products
7371:Sadaqah
7357:Ganbaru
7290:Decorum
7282:Caritas
7237:ÅraddhÄ
7223:Shaucha
7188:Kshanti
7116:Akrodha
6971:Chinese
6872:Respect
6795:Modesty
6765:Loyalty
6750:Justice
6718:Insight
6678:Honesty
6673:Heroism
6603:Empathy
6561:Courage
6531:Charity
6444:PÄramÄ«s
6342:Virtues
6294:Commons
6247: (
6123:Related
6106: (
6096: (
5895: (
5839:social)
5579:Society
5514:Hygiene
5509:Housing
5444:Ecology
5197:Ecology
4988:2430595
4925:1289575
4805:28 July
4728:amount.
4512:8148400
4467:7672368
3800:Bibcode
3792:Science
3489:8379010
3431:8148400
2885:4503343
2334:8657561
2044:Bibcode
2007:9879793
1696:1667063
1577:7016902
1426:1127017
1159:3185349
823:1949761
460:Ethical
432:arrests
326:sheriff
288:Belsky
122:Babylon
7339:Virtus
7331:Pietas
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7243:SaddhÄ
7209:PrajƱÄ
7202:MuditÄ
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7174:Karuį¹Ä
7137:Asteya
7130:Ärjava
7109:Ahimsa
7094:Indian
7077:Sophia
6952:Wisdom
6830:Filial
6738:Social
6683:Honour
5933:SA8000
5907:social
5863:Social
5804:Racism
5677:Ethics
5662:Social
5469:Health
5424:Botany
5312:Safety
5227:Health
5192:Desire
5172:Choice
5157:Agency
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566:Ethics
352:Zambia
290:et al.
270:per se
262:per se
126:Greece
118:Israel
109:putare
37:ethics
7395:VirtĆ¹
7349:Other
7308:Fides
7267:Latin
7257:VÄ«rya
7216:Satya
7195:MettÄ
7158:Dhį¹ti
7037:Arete
7029:Agape
7021:Greek
6947:Trust
6932:Taste
6825:Piety
6785:Mercy
6658:Glory
6623:Faith
6571:Moral
6566:Civil
6485:Yamas
5055:S2CID
4984:S2CID
4956:(PDF)
4921:JSTOR
4879:S2CID
4712:S2CID
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7379:Seny
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5217:Goal
5020:ISBN
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4807:2013
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4753:2019
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4296:2014
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