556:) epitomised talk of a new group of young leaders and new intellectual thought. Following Indonesia's communal and political conflicts, and the economic collapse and social breakdown from the late 1950s through to the mid-1960s, the "New Order" was committed to achieving and maintaining political order, economic development, and the removal of mass participation in the political process. The features of the "New Order" established from the late 1960s were thus a strong political role for the military, the bureaucratisation and corporatisation of political and societal organisations, and selective but effective repression of opponents. Strident
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can propose bills, offer its opinion and participate in discussions, but it has no legal power. The MPR itself has power outside of those given to the individual houses. It can amend the constitution, inaugurate the president and conduct impeachment procedures. When the MPR acts in this function, it does so by simply combining the members of the two houses.
902:
or DPD). The DPR parliamentarians are elected through multi-member electoral districts, whereas 4 DPD senators are elected in each of
Indonesia's 34 provinces. The DPR holds most of the legislative power because it has the sole power to pass laws. The DPD acts as a supplementary body to the DPR; it
496:
The politically weakened
Sukarno was forced to transfer key political and military powers to General Suharto, who had become head of the armed forces. In March 1967, the Indonesian parliament (MPRS) named General Suharto acting president. He was formally appointed president one year later. Sukarno
428:, and was an attempt to bring about political stability. Sukarno believed that Western-style democracy was inappropriate for Indonesia's situation. Instead, he sought a system based on the traditional village system of discussion and consensus, which occurred under the guidance of village elders.
676:
The DPR, which is the premier legislative institution, originally included 462 members elected through a mixed proportional/district representational system and thirty-eight appointed members of the armed forces (TNI) and police (POLRI). TNI/POLRI representation in the DPR and MPR ended in 2004.
497:
lived under virtual house arrest until his death in 1970. In contrast to the stormy nationalism, revolutionary rhetoric, and economic failure that characterised the early 1960s under the left-leaning
Sukarno, Suharto's pro-Western "New Order" stabilised the economy but continued the policies of
669:(MPR), whose functions previously included electing the president and vice-president (since 2004 the president has been elected directly by the people), establishing broad guidelines of state policy, and amending the constitution. The 695-member MPR includes all 550 members of the
324:. The term is also used colloquially to mean the executive and legislature together, as these are the branches of government responsible for day-to-day governance of the nation and lawmaking. At its narrowest, the term is used to refer to the executive branch in the form of the
563:
Within a few years, however, many of its original allies had become indifferent or averse to the New Order, which comprised a military faction supported by a narrow civilian group. Among much of the pro-democracy movement which forced
Suharto to resign in the
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1950:
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and then gained power, the term "New Order" has come to be used pejoratively. It is frequently employed to describe figures who were either tied to the
Suharto period, or who upheld the practises of his authoritarian regime, such as corruption,
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680:
Having served as rubberstamp bodies in the past, the DPR and MPR have gained considerable power and are increasingly assertive in oversight of the executive branch. Under constitutional changes in 2004, the MPR became a
1674:
712:, the dominant party during the Soeharto era, came in second (22%). Several other, mostly Islamic parties won shares large enough to be seated in the DPR. Further democratic elections took place in 2004 and 2009.
820:
The president and vice-president are selected by vote of the citizens for five-year terms. Prior to 2004, they were chosen by the People's
Consultative Assembly. The last election was held on 14 February 2024.
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in 1965, the political situation was uncertain, but
Suharto's New Order found much popular support from groups wanting a separation from Indonesia's post-independence problems. The 'generation of 66' (
977:) is the high state body responsible for checking the management and accountability of state finances conducted by the central government, local government, other state institutions such as
1849:
696:
A general election in June 1999 produced the first freely elected national, provincial and regional parliaments in over forty years. In
October 1999 the MPR elected a compromise candidate,
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673:(People's Representative Council, the DPR) plus 130 "regional representatives" elected by the twenty-six provincial parliaments and sixty-five appointed members from societal groups
1514:
1964:
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708:, the country's first president—as the vice-president. Megawati's PDI-P party had won the largest share of the vote (34%) in the general election, while
689:(DPD), in which each province is represented by four members, although its legislative powers are more limited than those of the DPR. Through his appointed
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On 30 September 1965, six of the military's most senior officers were killed in an action (generally labelled an "attempted coup") by the so-called
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308:) especially in laws) can have a number of different meanings. At its widest, it can refer collectively to the three traditional
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mobilised forces under his command and took control of
Jakarta. Anti-communists, initially following the army's lead, went on
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A constitutional reform process lasted from 1999 to 2002, with four constitutional amendments producing important changes.
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478:(PKI). By 1965, the PKI extensively penetrated all levels of government and gained influence at the expense of the army.
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and municipally-owned enterprises, Public
Service Boards, and institutions or other entities that manage state finances.
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Map showing the parties/organisations with the largest vote share per province in Indonesia's elections from 1971 to 2019
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474:("puppet master"), Sukarno drew power from balancing the opposing and increasingly antagonistic forces of the army and
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and responsible for domestic governance and policy-making and foreign affairs. The president appoints a
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Societal group representation in the MPR was eliminated in 2004 through further constitutional change.
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543:). The term "New Order" in more recent times has become synonymous with the Suharto years (1966–1998).
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Indonesian Constitutional Reform 1999-2002: An Evaluation of Constitution-Making in Transition
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929:) is the highest level of the judicial branch. Its judges are appointed by the president. The
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627:). A more open and liberal political-social environment ensued following the resignation of
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Robert Cribb (2002). "Unresolved Problems in the Indonesian Killings of 1965-1966".
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or DPR) and the upper house, which is called the Regional Representative Council (
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Nahdlatul Ulama and the Struggle for Power Within Islam and Politics in Indonesia
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The MPR is the legislative branch of Indonesia's political system. The MPR is
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The Indonesian political system before and after the constitutional amendments
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328:, as this is the branch of government responsible for day-to-day governance.
535:. Suharto used this term to contrast his rule with that of his predecessor,
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2924:
844:, members of which do not have to be elected members of the legislature.
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on July 5, 1959. It saw a number of important events, including the 1955
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1097:(Television documentary). Vagabond Films and Hilton Cordell Productions.
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457:, after 22 years in the position. One of the most tumultuous periods in
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less than a year after its formation, and ended with the imposition of
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is directly elected for a maximum of two five-year terms and is the
1309:
Aspinall; Mietzner (2011). "People's Forum or Chamber of Cronies".
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began on August 17, 1950, following the dissolution of the federal
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Villages, Development of Disadvantaged Regions, and Transmigration
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has been in a period of transition, an era known in Indonesia as
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Coordinating Minister for Political, Legal, and Security Affairs
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Coordinating Minister for Human Development and Cultural Affairs
1257:. 16 August 2002. Archived from the original on 19 August 2002.
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remained a hallmark of the regime for its subsequent 32 years.
485:, a group from within the armed forces. Within a few hours,
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Reformasi: the struggle for power in post-Soeharto Indonesia
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1765:
Government Goods and Services Procurement Policy Institute
1156:
US Indonesia Diplomatic and Political Cooperation Handbook
1520:
Coordinating Minister for Maritime and Investment Affairs
147:
527:) is the term coined by the second Indonesian President
453:
in the mid-1960s, ousted the country's first president,
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A nation in waiting: Indonesia's search for stability
992:
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a violent purge of communists throughout the country
1535:
State Apparatus Utilization and Bureaucratic Reform
531:to characterise his regime as he came to power in
424:began in 1966. It was the brainchild of President
611:The Post-Suharto era in Indonesia began with the
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1800:Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency
1308:
85:
1545:Cooperatives and Small & Medium Enterprises
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1182:, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2009,
1099:; Ricklefs (1991), pages 280–283, 284, 287–290
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1790:National Population and Family Planning Board
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1635:Education, Culture, Research, and Technology
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1720:National Agency for Disaster Countermeasure
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1093:Chris Hilton (writer and director) (2001).
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1510:Coordinating Minister for Economic Affairs
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1055:List of government ministries of Indonesia
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759:
336:
1290:Denny Indrayana (2008), pp. 361, 443, 440
1281:Denny Indrayana (2008), pp. 265, 361, 441
1255:"Indonesia's military: Business as usual"
700:, as the country's fourth president, and
1312:Problems of Democratisation of Indonesia
873:
865:
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602:
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1875:Television of the Republic of Indonesia
1835:National Research and Innovation Agency
1388:Republic of Indonesia - National portal
416:) was the political system in place in
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286:Government of the Republic of Indonesia
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1565:Women Empowerment and Child Protection
1356:. Crows Nest, NSW: Allen & Unwin.
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1600:Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning
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1158:, Int'l Business Publications, 2007,
1040:Administrative divisions of Indonesia
657:of up to two five-year terms for the
343:Liberal democracy period in Indonesia
2083:
1815:National Development Planning Agency
1146:. The Jakarta Post (24 August 2001).
1050:List of vice presidents of Indonesia
858:House of Representatives (Indonesia)
296:, sometimes also referred to as the
27:
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1850:Tourism and Creative Economy Agency
1244:Denny Indrayana (2008), pp. 293-296
1235:Denny Indrayana (2008), pp. 361-362
1226:Denny Indrayana (2008), pp. 360-361
1127:; Friend (2003), page 107-109, 113.
13:
2194:French and British era (1806–1816)
1870:Radio of the Republic of Indonesia
1342:, Kompas Book Publishing, Jakarta
1332:
1325:Denny Indrayana (2008), p266 - 267
635:, ending the three decades of the
577:(widely known by the acronym KKN:
14:
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1986:Regional House of Representatives
1860:National Administration Institute
1785:Migrant Workers Protection Agency
1740:National Search and Rescue Agency
1705:National Counter Terrorism Agency
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1845:Nuclear Energy Regulatory Agency
1710:National Cyber and Crypto Agency
1424:
1009:
995:
870:The legislative building complex
504:
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16:National government of Indonesia
2214:Liberal democracy era (1950–59)
1959:Regional Representative Council
1840:National Standardization Agency
1370:. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
1302:
1293:
1247:
1045:List of presidents of Indonesia
862:Regional Representative Council
847:
178:Regional Representative Council
19:For politics in Indonesia, see
3337:British Indian Ocean Territory
2482:People's Consultative Assembly
1940:People's Consultative Assembly
1810:National Archives of Indonesia
1615:Maritime Affairs and Fisheries
1540:Communications and Informatics
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375:regarding the introduction of
168:People's Consultative Assembly
127:1945 Constitution of Indonesia
1:
2224:Transitional period (1965–66)
2209:National Revolution (1945–49)
2204:Japanese occupation (1942–45)
2199:Dutch East Indies (1800–1942)
1865:National Civil Service Agency
1825:National Library of Indonesia
1795:Geospatial Information Agency
1775:Investment Coordinating Board
1735:National Resilience Institute
1650:Ministry of State Secretariat
1620:National Development Planning
1070:
720:
592:
461:, it was the commencement of
401:Guided Democracy in Indonesia
294:Pemerintah Republik Indonesia
1655:Tourism and Creative Economy
1555:Energy and Mineral Resources
1083:Ricklefs (1991), pp. 271-283
1025:Law enforcement in Indonesia
906:
539:(dubbed the "Old Order", or
459:the country's modern history
101:National emblem of Indonesia
7:
2590:Water supply and sanitation
1475:Vice President of Indonesia
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787:Vice President of Indonesia
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685:, with the creation of the
438:Transition to the New Order
432:Transition to the New Order
46:the scope of other articles
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1625:Public Works and Housing
1560:Environment and Forestry
1123:10.1525/as.2002.42.4.550
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813:Indonesian Ulema Council
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111:17 August 1945
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1805:Food and Drug Authority
1645:State-Owned Enterprises
1431:Government of Indonesia
1352:O'Rourke, Kevin. 2002.
1338:Denny Indrayana (2008)
1204:Lonely Planet Indonesia
1142:26 October 2014 at the
1065:Corruption in Indonesia
957:) oversees the judges.
937:and political matters (
900:Dewan Perwakilan Daerah
892:Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat
687:Dewan Perwakilan Daerah
468:Described as the great
465:'s 31-year presidency.
389:Constitutional Assembly
337:Liberal democracy phase
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2406:Regencies & Cities
1461:President of Indonesia
1299:Denny Indrayana (2008)
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683:bicameral legislature
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511:New Order (Indonesia)
509:Further information:
487:Major General Suharto
483:30 September Movement
436:Further information:
399:Further information:
341:Further information:
190:Parliamentary Complex
58:and help introduce a
50:Politics of Indonesia
21:Politics of Indonesia
3261:United Arab Emirates
2308:Environmental issues
2065:Indonesia portal
2013:Constitutional Court
1820:National Food Agency
1780:Statistics Indonesia
1715:National Land Agency
1605:Law and Human Rights
931:Constitutional Court
727:Cabinet of Indonesia
420:from 1959 until the
395:Guided Democracy era
383:, Indonesia's first
326:Cabinet of Indonesia
265:Constitutional Court
87:Pemerintah Indonesia
3288:limited recognition
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2018:Judicial Commission
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1202:Ryan Ver Berkmoes,
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1348:978-979-709-394-5
1035:Flag of Indonesia
1017:Government portal
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3326:Dependencies
3256:Turkmenistan
3221:Saudi Arabia
3105:
2823:Homelessness
2793:Demographics
2733:Martial arts
2678:
2659:Architecture
2636:Prostitution
2506:
2474:
2438:Human rights
2423:Constitution
2281:Conservation
2237:(since 1998)
2234:
2099:
2087:
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1963:
1949:
1585:Home Affairs
1479:
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1111:Asian Survey
1110:
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811:Chairman of
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348:
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297:
285:
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221:Headquarters
133:Jurisdiction
65:
42:
25:
3385:Asia portal
3286:States with
3206:Philippines
3146:South Korea
3141:North Korea
3036:Afghanistan
2903:Subdivision
2886:Subdivision
2848:LGBT rights
2783:Video games
2535:Agriculture
2453:Enforcement
2303:Earthquakes
2169:Prehistoric
2077:WikiProject
2039:Audit Board
1686:Government
1530:Agriculture
945:), while a
804:Independent
799:Ma'ruf Amin
772:Independent
767:Joko Widodo
655:term limits
553:Angkatan 66
369:martial law
241:Departments
164:Legislature
3400:Categories
3266:Uzbekistan
3241:Tajikistan
3156:Kyrgyzstan
3136:Kazakhstan
3056:Bangladesh
3046:Azerbaijan
2881:Historical
2816:Healthcare
2763:Properties
2728:Literature
2680:Rumah adat
2540:Automotive
2448:Censorship
2396:Historical
2029:Government
1979:Government
1933:Government
1890:Government
1595:Investment
1502:Ministries
1447:Government
1212:1741048303
1188:9812308768
1168:page CRS-5
1164:1433053306
1095:Shadowplay
1071:References
971:Indonesian
951:Indonesian
939:Indonesian
923:Indonesian
896:Indonesian
888:Indonesian
725:See also:
721:Executives
631:President
623:(English:
593:Reform era
521:Indonesian
410:Indonesian
353:Indonesian
347:An era of
302:Indonesian
290:Indonesian
231:Main organ
115:1945-08-17
44:duplicates
3352:Hong Kong
3306:Palestine
3231:Sri Lanka
3226:Singapore
3106:Indonesia
2920:Nusantara
2828:Languages
2801:Education
2748:Mythology
2718:Festivals
2585:Transport
2497:President
2476:Pancasila
2428:Elections
2411:Districts
2401:Provinces
2365:Volcanoes
2328:Mountains
2247:Geography
2235:Reformasi
2144:Indonesia
933:rules on
907:Judiciary
659:President
637:New Order
621:Reformasi
617:Indonesia
587:nepotisme
571:collusion
541:Orde Lama
525:Orde Baru
517:New Order
499:Pancasila
449:New Order
443:Indonesia
422:New Order
418:Indonesia
361:Indonesia
284:The term
215:Elections
211:Appointer
205:President
148:indonesia
137:Indonesia
108:Formation
68:June 2018
3375:Category
3296:Abkhazia
3246:Thailand
3201:Pakistan
3181:Mongolia
3176:Maldives
3171:Malaysia
3071:Cambodia
2965:Category
2838:Refugees
2833:Religion
2758:Painting
2669:Colonial
2616:Abortion
2545:Aviation
2460:Military
2379:Politics
2164:Timeline
2148:articles
2101:Category
2031:Agencies
1977:Regional
1897:Governor
1888:Regional
1610:Manpower
1590:Industry
1263:cite web
1206:, 2010,
1192:page 111
1140:Archived
989:See also
716:Branches
639:period.
575:nepotism
3271:Vietnam
3186:Myanmar
3166:Lebanon
3096:Georgia
3051:Bahrain
3041:Armenia
2975:Gallery
2949:Outline
2871:Costume
2858:Symbols
2778:Theatre
2723:Legends
2708:Cuisine
2703:Costume
2674:Mosques
2651:Culture
2641:Smoking
2604:Society
2580:Tourism
2560:History
2523:Economy
2464:Babinsa
2418:Cabinet
2355:Regions
2318:Islands
2313:Geology
2269:Climate
2259:Borders
2156:History
2089:Commons
1931:Central
1570:Finance
1550:Defense
1494:Cabinet
1445:Central
1216:page 49
842:cabinet
737:Office
706:Sukarno
691:cabinet
633:Suharto
579:korupsi
537:Sukarno
529:Suharto
471:dhalang
463:Suharto
455:Sukarno
426:Sukarno
385:general
332:History
277:Jakarta
235:Cabinet
143:Website
113: (
54:Please
3316:Taiwan
3251:Turkey
3216:Russia
3151:Kuwait
3131:Jordan
3121:Israel
3081:Cyprus
3066:Brunei
3061:Bhutan
2970:Portal
2876:Emblem
2866:Anthem
2811:Health
2698:Cinema
2631:Piracy
2555:Energy
2487:Police
2360:Rivers
2264:Cities
2146:
2027:Other
1688:Agency
1580:Health
1497:(List)
1374:
1360:
1346:
1210:
1186:
1162:
983:state-
860:, and
746:Since
710:Golkar
625:Reform
583:kolusi
312:– the
201:Leader
3357:Macau
3276:Yemen
3236:Syria
3211:Qatar
3191:Nepal
3126:Japan
3101:India
3091:Egypt
3076:China
2980:Atlas
2956:Index
2930:Songs
2915:Motto
2843:Women
2773:Sport
2743:Music
2738:Media
2713:Dance
2693:Batik
2664:Candi
2621:Crime
2550:Banks
2348:Flora
2343:Fauna
2323:Lakes
1660:Trade
740:Name
359:) in
254:Court
3196:Oman
3161:Laos
3116:Iraq
3111:Iran
2898:Flag
2501:List
1965:list
1951:list
1500:and
1481:list
1467:list
1372:ISBN
1358:ISBN
1344:ISBN
1269:link
1208:ISBN
1184:ISBN
1160:ISBN
965:The
917:The
824:The
661:and
573:and
533:1966
515:The
387:and
371:and
320:and
273:Seat
3328:and
2688:Art
2443:Law
1119:doi
836:of
589:).
445:'s
152:.id
150:.go
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1265:}}
1261:{{
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
