260:
292:
229:
337:
19:
68:
363:
88:
1081:: The two political parties were forbidden to criticise government policy, and the government had to approve all slogans they used. Furthermore, they were not allowed to organise at the village level (where the majority of Indonesians live). To stop the rise of charismatic figures, their candidates had to be vetted by the government. When a potentially charismatic figure (in the form of founding president Sukarno's daughter Megawati Sukarnoputri) became a leader of the PDI, the government engineered a political convention in Medan in 1996 to remove her. Ironically,
167:
140:
637:
3693:
3024:
1865:
625:
3703:
1099:(KORPRI) and hence ordered to support Golkar, or face accusations of insubordination and even forced relocation to a remote region. Private sector workers were reminded of the need for "stability". Many people believed the vote was not secret, and the government did little to persuade them otherwise. Many voters were still at school, and they were warned by teachers of a link between their choice at the ballot box and exam success
1039:
411:
1824:, 60% of respondents said that they would allow their vote to be bought. Reasons for accepting vote buying include considering it as a gift that can not be rejected (35–46%), compensation for not working on the election day (25–30%), and supporting daily needs (9–16%). One of the common tactics of vote-buying is the so-called
1061:) in which included the election of president and soon after, the vice president; as mandated by the original constitution. On all occasions, Suharto was the only person ever stood as a presidential candidate, thus enabling him to be elected unanimously. On vice-presidential elections, all candidates endorsed by Golkar (and
868:
The voters vote on the election ballot by punching a hole using a provided nail. For legislative ballots, punching can be done in one of the party logo, ballot number, or candidates' name. For presidential, gubernatorial, mayoral, and regent elections, punching can be done in one of the candidates'
1529:
In 2024, legislative and presidential elections were held on the same day. Prabowo
Subianto, with Gibran Rakabuming Raka as his vice-president, defeated both Anies Baswedan, running with Muhaimin Iskandar (24.94%), and also Ganjar Pranowo, running with Mahfud Mahmodin (16,4%), winning 58.5% of the
1832:(The Power of Money; Money Politics in the Post-New Order Elections), vote-buying in Indonesia is done by individual candidates instead of political parties because of intense intra-party competition. This situation forces candidates to rely on their own networks instead of on the party machine.
1534:
certified the results and declared him as the president-elect of
Indonesia. Constitutional Court confirmed his status on 22 April 2024. The replacement of the president will be held on 20 October 2024. As for the legislative elections, PDI-P came first, winning 16.7% of the vote, followed by the
893:
was still ongoing and the
Republic only controlled Java, Sumatra and a few other areas, and partly because the socialist government was extremely unpopular due to its policy of negotiating with the Dutch colonial power, and would be expected to do very badly in any election. However, there were
1105:: The Golkar votes were counted first, then those of the two other parties. In the 1997 election, by 9 p.m. on the day after voting, Golkar had already been awarded 94% of its eventual vote. By contrast, the PPP had been credited with less than 10% of its final tally.
2863:
Prokurat, Sergiusz (2014), Indonesian parliamentary and presidential elections in 2014. The electoral process and economic challenges (PDF), Józefów, "Socio-economic relations between Europe and Asia in the 21st century”, pp. 197–210,
1366:
Under the constitution, the new president was elected by members of the all-house MPR in a joint sitting. This meant that although PDI-P won the largest share of the popular vote, the new president was not its nominee,
1506:
In 2019, for the first time, legislative and presidential elections were held on the same day. Joko Widodo, running with Ma’ruf Amin as his vice-presidential candidate, again defeated
Prabowo Subianto, running with
2728:
Ariwibowo, Aloysius Arena; Jauhari, Andy; Setiawanto, Budi; Prihatna, Hermanus; Moechtar, Rudi; Purnomojoyo, Sapto Heru; Mulyono, Sri (1997), Adirsyah, H. A.; Soekapdjo, Boyke; Anwari, Dana K.; et al. (eds.),
3658:
1111:: Although the counting at the local ballot boxes was conducted in public, with the ballot papers held up and the scores marked on boards, it was at the later stages where irregularities were frequently reported.
1423:
In 2005, Indonesia also began holding direct elections for governors, mayors and regents. Prior to this, local executives had been elected by a vote of the local legislative body. The first region to do so was
2228:
2201:
307:
1393:, this called for the removal of the military from the legislature, whose 38 seats for the 1999–2004 period were all appointed. This change and an amendment for direct election of the
1828:('dawn attack'), which involves the giving of money a day or two before the election day. The amount ranges from Rp30,000 to Rp50,000. According to Burhanuddin Muhtadi in his book
3300:
1416:
was held on 5 April 2004. A total of 24 parties contested the election. Golkar Party won the largest share of the vote, at 21.6%, followed by PDI-P, PKB, PPP and newly formed
1950:[General Election Commission Regulations Number 7 of 2022 about Preparation of Voter List In The Organization of Elections General and Voter Data Information System]
2441:
1974:
2493:"Berita Acara dan Sertifikat Rekapitulasi Hasil Penghitungan Perolehan Suara Pasangan Calo Presiden dan Wakil Presiden di Tingkat Nasional Pemilihan Umum Tahun 2024"
243:
864:): Voters and candidates shall receive equal treatment by the law, with no particular voters or candidates shall receive preferential or discriminatory treatment.
3798:
2655:
2236:
378:
1948:"Peraturan Komisi Pemilihan Umum Nomor 7 Tahun 2022 tentang Penyusunan Daftar Pemilih dalam Penyelenggaraan Pemilihan Umum dan Sistem Informasi Data Pemilih"
2537:
2629:
275:
1843:
which stirred some controversy among the
Indonesian public. During elections, many people are unable to vote outside their domicile, forcing them to be
1075:: In 1973, the existing political parties were forced to merge into either PPP or PDI. These were the only parties allowed to contest general elections.
4000:
2205:
1046:
Five further legislative elections were held under
Suharto administration. In accordance with the legislation, these were contested by two parties:
3287:
3129:
2492:
1378:
During its 2002 annual session, the MPR added 14 amendments to the 1945 Constitution. Included in these amendments were measures to reorganise the
436:
3788:
2990:
668:
555:
351:
2467:
3012:
907:
3937:
2202:"Launching Tahapan Pemilu, KPU Tetapkan Pemungutan Suara: 9 April 2014 (Launching of the Election Stages, KPU Sets Voting Day: 9 April 2014)"
950:
745:. There, Indonesia's 34 provinces treated as constituencies and, regardless of the size and population, every province return four senators.
3808:
3277:
729:. Currently, there are 77 constituencies in Indonesia, and each returns 3-10 Members of Parliament based on population. Under Indonesia's
2873:
2595:
1903:
869:
photograph, ballot number, or name. Ticking method was previously used started in 2009 elections, but it was reverted in 2014 elections.
733:
system, no one party has yet been able to secure an outright majority in a democratic election; parties have needed to work together in
3739:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
2510:
4010:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
775:
Indonesian election conduct abides by six principles of direct, general, free, confidential, honest, and fair. Those principles are
4194:
3668:
2078:
1531:
1068:
To ensure that Golkar always won more than 60% of the popular vote, the New Order regime used a number of tactics. These included:
603:
599:
3890:
3868:
3607:
2430:
1429:
282:
158:
2545:
4096:
1883:
1471:
1445:
608:
577:
568:
1820:('money politics'). According to a survey of 440 respondents by Institut Riset Indonesia in January–March 2020 in areas where
3942:
3818:
3793:
3582:
3064:
3054:
3049:
3044:
2942:
2869:
1916:
1787:
1755:
1739:
1722:
1705:
540:
530:
525:
520:
515:
3334:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3124:
1659:
1643:
1627:
1611:
1595:
1579:
1563:
1467:
1441:
1413:
1348:
1329:
1285:
1260:
1235:
1210:
1185:
1092:
1042:
A map showing the parties/organisations with the largest vote share per province in
Indonesia's elections from 1977 to 2019
1006:
994:
990:
943:
913:
903:
792:
784:
697:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
267:
207:
2287:
4560:
4169:
3895:
3752:
3627:
3257:
764:
661:
3778:
4273:
3005:
2377:
718:
2402:
1511:, winning 55.4% of the vote. In the legislative vote, PDI-P came first, with 19.3% of the vote, followed by Prabowo's
4514:
4497:
4086:
3912:
3081:
2916:
2908:
Indonesia
Electoral, Political Parties Laws and Regulations Handbook — Strategic Information, Regulations, Procedures
2896:
2848:
2783:
2764:
2738:
2718:
2695:
2354:
2157:
370:
259:
235:
220:
2259:
4367:
4278:
4144:
4064:
3907:
3195:
3189:
3184:
3070:
3059:
1771:
1524:
1501:
1062:
791:
and the following political liberalisation, two extra principles of "Jurdil" are adopted for the first time in the
550:
535:
501:
496:
389:
291:
35:
3020:
4605:
4105:
3932:
3292:
3282:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3212:
1836:
1821:
1386:
1360:
749:
738:
707:
299:
228:
830:): Voters shall be able to vote by their own conscience without any coercion to vote for a particular candidate.
4322:
4230:
4037:
3969:
3813:
3768:
3732:
3417:
2315:
1840:
1512:
974:
890:
654:
590:
131:
4475:
4462:
4307:
4208:
4164:
3863:
3838:
3823:
3663:
2998:
2755:
Cribb, Robert (1996). "Democracy, self-determination and the
Indonesian revolution". In Drakard, Jane (ed.).
2105:
986:
788:
336:
2054:
4480:
4372:
4057:
3922:
3783:
3622:
3527:
2805:
1959:
1417:
970:
889:
in response to criticism of the cabinet for being non-democratic. They were never held, partly because the
760:
742:
417:
1905:
Indonesian parliamentary and presidential elections in 2014. The electoral process and economic challenges
4179:
3964:
3878:
3828:
2173:
1398:
1152:
1117:: There was no effective way of determining who had already voted, allowing many to do so more than once
1051:
958:
722:
174:
2973:
2928:
2568:
4584:
4507:
4410:
4357:
4154:
4091:
3927:
3902:
3632:
2120:
343:
2874:
https://web.archive.org/web/20160922174143/http://www.proeconomics.pl/artykuly/indonesianelections.pdf
759:
can vote since persons under 17 who are or were married can get a KTP. Elections are conducted by the
4534:
4427:
4397:
4263:
4240:
4042:
4027:
3995:
3885:
3725:
3577:
3542:
3497:
1425:
696:– until 2004. Since then, the president is elected for a five-year term, as are the 575-member
202:
94:
1911:, Józefów: Socio-economic relations between Europe and Asia in the 21st century”, pp. 197–210,
18:
4452:
4387:
4174:
4139:
3467:
3462:
3357:
3349:
3327:
1455:
1352:
1130:
1047:
779:
and commonly propagated as "Luber-jurdil". The first four principles of "Luber" are adopted by the
756:
4524:
4420:
4342:
4337:
4052:
3587:
3562:
3477:
3457:
3407:
3377:
3367:
2986:
Radio France
Internationale in English explainer on 2009 elections plus reports of 1999 elections
946:, which took place on 29 September 1955. Twenty-nine political parties and individuals took part;
79:
362:
87:
67:
4432:
4405:
4352:
4189:
4101:
4015:
4005:
3851:
3673:
3552:
3547:
3036:
1394:
1356:
854:): Voters, candidates, and electoral institutions shall perform their duty in complete honesty.
693:
328:
186:
146:
2147:
1922:
4490:
4485:
4442:
4437:
4332:
4327:
4220:
4149:
3983:
3833:
3773:
3617:
3567:
3522:
3502:
3492:
3392:
2630:"Pro Kontra Pilkada di Tengah Optimistis Presiden Terhadap Pandemi - Nasional Katadata.co.id"
2403:"Jumlah pemilih presiden 176 juta ('Number of voters for presidential election 176 million')"
1878:
1368:
1082:
780:
107:
53:
4553:
4519:
4382:
4255:
4245:
4184:
4127:
4080:
4074:
4022:
3959:
3917:
3873:
3760:
3592:
3507:
3487:
3372:
3362:
734:
354:
310:
195:
113:
767:(Bawaslu); their activities were overseen by Elections Organizer Honorary Council (DKPP).
8:
4415:
4362:
4302:
4235:
4159:
3647:
3637:
3572:
3537:
3472:
3452:
3442:
3402:
3387:
3382:
3320:
2985:
1813:
1485:
1344:
932:
166:
23:
2757:
Indonesian Independence Fify Years On 1945-1995 (Annual Indonesia Lecture Series No. 20)
1947:
4569:
4447:
4377:
4347:
4317:
4312:
4297:
4268:
4225:
3952:
3947:
3678:
3597:
3557:
3532:
3512:
3447:
3422:
3412:
3397:
2930:
Half-Hearted Reform: Electoral Institutions and the Struggle for Democracy in Indonesia
2793:
Hillman, Ben (2011), "Electoral Governance and Democratic Consolidation in Indonesia",
2707:
928:
2967:
4579:
4502:
4112:
3803:
3702:
3517:
3482:
3437:
3432:
2938:
2912:
2892:
2865:
2844:
2779:
2760:
2734:
2714:
2691:
2350:
2320:
2153:
2099:
2084:
1912:
1372:
820:
that already satisfy voters' criteria, shall be able to vote without any restriction.
2820:
Liddle, R. William (1978), "The 1977 Indonesian Election and New Order Legitimacy",
1057:
On every March after the legislative election, the MPR would hold General Sessions (
139:
4574:
4047:
2829:
2292:
2264:
1870:
1489:
886:
752:, Indonesia started to elect governors and mayors simultaneously on the same date.
629:
246:
102:
2906:
2685:
2229:"Joko Widodo, Populist Governor, Is Named Winner in Indonesian Presidential Vote"
1390:
1333:
1023:
966:
641:
4470:
4292:
2656:"Warga Palembang Gagal Memilih: Mulai TPS Cepat Tutup, hingga Masalah Domisili"
2149:
Deepening Democracy in Indonesia?: Direct Elections for Local Leaders (Pilkada)
1018:
The five largest political parties were a newly-participate "functional group"
925:
878:
844:
are guaranteed, and voters' choice shall not be known to others but themselves.
182:
1454:
on 9 April 2009. The presidential election was held on 8 July, with President
881:
on 3 November 1945, a promise repeated later the same month by Prime Minister
4599:
3696:
2179:
1385:. Beginning in 2004, the MPR would be composed of the existing DPR and a new
1085:
began a chain of events that indirectly led to the downfall of the New Order.
962:
882:
841:
689:
278:
2813:
2370:
1015:'s New Order took place on 5 July 1971. Ten political parties participated.
2125:
1508:
1337:
1316:
Seats up for election: 360 (1977 and 1982), 400 (1987 and 1992), 425 (1997)
1054:(PDI); as well as Golkar. All elections in this period were won by Golkar.
726:
31:
4529:
3706:
2980:. Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Northern Illinois University. 2004.
2407:
1809:
1481:
1480:
on 9 April 2014. The presidential election was held on 9 July 2014, with
1382:
817:
776:
730:
685:
154:
636:
4284:
2860:(1997), Indonesian evening news broadcasts of 29–31 May, 1–5 June 1997.
1844:
921:
1038:
912:
Indonesia's first general election elected members of the DPR and the
3748:
3717:
3023:
2889:
The History of Political Parties & General Elections in Indonesia
2776:
The History of Political Parties & General Elections in Indonesia
2607:
1477:
1458:
winning enough of the vote to make the run-off election unnecessary.
1451:
1406:
1402:
1379:
381:
314:
3312:
2833:
27:
2727:
2709:
Java in a Time of Revolution: Occupation and Resistance, 1944–1946
2684:
Ananta, Aris; Arifin, Evi Nurvidya & Suryadinata, Leo (2005),
2199:
1676:
4068:
2731:
Pemilu 1997: Antara Fenomena Kampanye Dialogis & Mega Bintang
2603:
1955:
1686:
Presidential Elections Voter registration and turnout, 2004-2019
1027:
1012:
877:
Elections were first promised for January 1946 by vice-president
714:), in addition to provincial and municipal legislative councils.
2596:"Pro-Kontra Pilkada Serentak 2020 Tetap Digelar di Tengah Wabah"
2344:
1141:
1096:
1019:
250:
1518:
1495:
1461:
1435:
2345:
Ananta, Aris; Nurfidya Arifin, Evi; Suryadinata, Leo (2005).
2313:
931:. Sastroamidjojo himself declined to stand for election, and
2911:(updated ed.). International Business Pub., USA. 2015.
2511:"Potensi Maraknya Praktik Politik Uang Pilkada Kala Pandemi"
1323:
980:
2853:
1476:
Legislative elections for the DPD and the DPR were held in
1450:
Legislative elections for the DPD and the DPR were held in
806:): Voters shall vote on their own without any intermediary.
410:
1083:
the ensuing disturbances at the PDI's Jakarta headquarters
2121:"Indonesia takes a giant step down the road to democracy"
1095:
employees were compulsorily members of the Golkar-linked
755:
The voting age in Indonesia is 17, but anyone who has an
688:. At a national level, Indonesian people did not elect a
2175:
Indonesia's president re-elected: No wonder why with SBY
1975:"Sejarah Singkat Perjalanan Pemilihan Umum di Indonesia"
2683:
951:
election for the members of the Constitutional Assembly
2468:"Jumlah Pemilih Pemilu 2019 Mencapai 196,5 Juta Orang"
1839:
across the country were held in a single day amid the
985:
Most elections during the New Order were conducted by
2152:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 232.
1830:
Kuasa Uang; Politik Uang dalam Pemilu Pasca-Orde Baru
1336:. It was held on 7 June 1999 under the government of
1860:
2690:, Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies,
1945:
2956:. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
2927:
2706:
2349:. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asia Studies.
2200:KPU (General Elections Commission) (8 June 2012).
957:The five largest parties in the election were the
2733:(in Indonesian), Jakarta: Penakencana Nusadwipa,
2204:(in Indonesian). KPU Media Center. Archived from
1946:Asy'ari, Hakim; Syarifah, Nur (24 October 2022).
1389:(DPD). Because all the seats in the MPR would be
4597:
2371:"BAB V: Hasil Pemilu (Part V: Election Results)"
2316:"Jokowi Wins Re-Election, PDI-P Wins Most Seats"
2146:Erb, Maribeth; Sulistiyanto, Priyambudi (2009).
1848:
1033:
701:
2314:Beritasatu Team; Telly Nathalia (21 May 2019).
2257:
2145:
963:Council of Indonesian Muslim Associations Party
2087:, archived from the original on 19 August 2002
1340:. Forty-eight political parties participated.
1011:The first election after the establishment of
908:Indonesian Constituent Assembly election, 1955
3733:
3328:
3006:
2285:
1981:
1972:
1375:of PKB. Megawati then became vice president.
1097:Employees' Corps of the Republic of Indonesia
894:regional elections in Bali, Solo and Kediri.
662:
2226:
1065:faction) went on to be elected unanimously.
2951:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2004:
2002:
1519:2024 legislative and presidential elections
1496:2019 legislative and presidential elections
1462:2014 legislative and presidential elections
1436:2009 legislative and presidential elections
3740:
3726:
3335:
3321:
3013:
2999:
2713:. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.
2538:"Saat Serangan Fajar Justru Dinanti Warga"
1544:Voter registration and turnout, 1955–1997
669:
655:
2814:http://kpu.go.id/Sejarah/pemilu1977.shtml
2627:
1351:(PDI-P), the reformed Golkar Party, PPP,
1343:The six largest parties which passed the
1324:Election in the reform era (1999–present)
981:Elections under the New Order (1971–1997)
897:
2759:. Monash Asia Institute. pp. 1–12.
2376:(in Indonesian). Komisi Pemilihan Umum.
2118:
2029:
2011:
1999:
1901:
1037:
1000:
17:
2792:
2751:24 no. 6 (June 1984), pp. 655–664.
2747:Cribb, Robert, 'Elections in Jakarta',
2593:
2566:
2508:
2080:Indonesia's military: Business as usual
2056:Pemilu 1977, 1982, 1987, 1992, dan 1997
1990:
1822:local elections were to be held in 2020
953:, which took place on 15 December 1955.
770:
684:have taken place since 1955 to elect a
46:This article is part of a series on the
4598:
3747:
2819:
2535:
2076:
2059:(in Indonesian), Komisi Pemilihan Umum
1884:List of political parties in Indonesia
1472:Indonesian presidential election, 2014
1446:Indonesian presidential election, 2009
1122:Summary of 1977–1997 election results
3721:
3342:
3316:
2994:
2886:
2773:
2754:
2465:
2340:
2338:
1538:
1093:state- and regional-owned enterprises
938:The election occurred in two stages:
920:). The election was organised by the
22:Election workers wearing traditional
2925:
1468:2014 Indonesian legislative election
1442:2009 Indonesian legislative election
1420:. 17 parties won legislative seats.
1349:Indonesian Democratic Party-Struggle
1007:1971 Indonesian legislative election
914:Constitutional Assembly of Indonesia
904:1955 Indonesian legislative election
2954:Elections and Politics in Indonesia
2038:
765:General Election Supervisory Agency
13:
3799:French and British era (1806–1816)
2880:
2628:Hariyanti, Dini (4 October 2020).
2567:Marzuqi, Abdillah (20 June 2020).
2335:
1332:was the first election held after
944:election of the members of the DPR
66:
14:
4617:
2961:
2536:Wasono, Hari Tri (8 April 2014).
2447:from the original on 23 July 2014
2383:from the original on 26 June 2011
2258:Editorial Board (18 April 2019).
2119:Aglionby, John (11 August 2002),
2077:Langit, Richel (16 August 2002),
1492:, a former general in Indonesia.
1430:a regency election on 1 June 2005
1079:Weakening the remaining opponents
26:costumes at a polling station in
3701:
3692:
3691:
3022:
2891:. Jakarta: Arise Consultancies.
2841:Suharto: Indonesia's Last Sultan
2778:. Jakarta: Arise Consultancies.
1987:Anderson (1972) pp 178 & 197
1863:
1816:, vote-buying is often known as
1525:2024 Indonesian general election
1502:2019 Indonesian general election
1073:Reducing the number of opponents
635:
623:
409:
361:
335:
290:
258:
227:
165:
138:
86:
36:2019 Indonesian general election
3819:Liberal democracy era (1950–59)
2687:Emerging Democracy in Indonesia
2648:
2621:
2587:
2560:
2544:(in Indonesian). Archived from
2529:
2502:
2485:
2459:
2431:"Rekapitulasi Pilpres 2014 KPU"
2423:
2395:
2363:
2347:Emerging Democracy in Indonesia
2307:
2279:
2251:
2220:
2193:
2166:
2139:
2112:
2070:
2047:
1977:(in Indonesian). Beritabaik.id.
1387:Regional Representative Council
739:Regional Representative Council
719:People's Representative Council
708:Regional Representative Council
698:People's Representative Council
300:Regional Representative Council
4087:People's Consultative Assembly
3659:British Indian Ocean Territory
2509:Saubani, Andri (3 July 2020).
1966:
1939:
1895:
975:Indonesian Islamic Union Party
891:Indonesian National Revolution
609:Diplomatic missions in Jakarta
236:People's Consultative Assembly
1:
3829:Transitional period (1965–66)
3814:National Revolution (1945–49)
3809:Japanese occupation (1942–45)
3804:Dutch East Indies (1800–1942)
2887:Evans, Kevin Raymond (2003).
2774:Evans, Kevin Raymond (2003).
2677:
2288:"Congratulations, Indonesia!"
2286:Ghina Ghaliya (21 May 2019).
2260:"Congratulations, Indonesia!"
2227:Joe Cochrane (22 July 2014).
1488:winning the election against
1334:the collapse of the New Order
1034:Further elections (1977–1997)
987:General Elections Institution
2968:Adam Carr's Election Archive
2843:, Horizon Books, Singapore,
2411:(in Indonesian). 1 June 2009
1960:General Elections Commission
1837:simultaneous local elections
1804:
1136:Partai Persatuan Pembangunan
971:Communist Party of Indonesia
763:(KPU) and supervised by the
761:General Elections Commission
750:2015 unified local elections
743:single non-transferable vote
418:General Elections Commission
7:
4195:Water supply and sanitation
2856:Televisi Republik Indonesia
1902:Prokurat, Sergiusz (2014),
1856:
1812:is common in Indonesia. In
1669:
1666:
1663:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1401:were significant steps for
1312:General Election Commission
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1153:Indonesian Democratic Party
1052:Indonesian Democratic Party
959:National Party of Indonesia
723:proportional representation
175:Vice President of Indonesia
10:
4622:
3824:Guided Democracy (1959–65)
3789:Portuguese era (1512–1605)
2937:. Wesport, Conn: Praeger.
1658:
1642:
1626:
1610:
1594:
1578:
1562:
1522:
1499:
1465:
1439:
1284:
1259:
1234:
1209:
1184:
1158:Partai Demokrasi Indonesia
1004:
901:
872:
344:Supreme Court of Indonesia
4547:
4461:
4396:
4254:
4216:
4207:
4135:
4126:
3991:
3982:
3938:Provincial highest points
3859:
3850:
3759:
3687:
3646:
3606:
3348:
3205:
3080:
3035:
2952:Suryadinata, Leo (2002).
2569:"Di Balik Serangan Fajar"
2104:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1674:
1535:Golkar Party with 15.2%.
1414:2004 legislative election
1405:on the road towards full
1309:
1151:
1140:
1129:
1126:
1103:The vote-counting process
1030:(Parmusi), PNI and PSII.
1028:Muslim Party of Indonesia
578:List of political parties
95:Constitution of Indonesia
3996:Administrative divisions
3408:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
2926:King, Dwight Y. (2003).
2876:, accessed 30 July 2016.
2822:South East Asian Affairs
1889:
1456:Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
1353:National Awakening Party
1131:United Development Party
1048:United Development Party
995:Minister of Home Affairs
268:House of Representatives
3669:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
2839:Loveard, Keith, (1999)
2816:, accessed 30 June 2006
2594:Dharmastuti, Hestiana.
1530:vote. On March 20, the
1089:Coercion to vote Golkar
935:became prime minister.
712:Dewan Perwakilan Daerah
703:Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat
425:Chairman Hasyim Asy'ari
4606:Elections in Indonesia
4170:Science and technology
4011:Regencies & Cities
3037:Presidential elections
3029:Elections in Indonesia
2974:"Indonesian Elections"
2705:Anderson, Ben (1972).
2026:Evans (2003) pp. 20-21
1973:Nita Hidayati (2019).
1850:golongan putih, golput
1849:
1357:National Mandate Party
1043:
898:Early elections (1955)
702:
682:Elections in Indonesia
600:Diplomatic missions of
511:Presidential elections
147:President of Indonesia
71:
38:
3779:Hinduism-Buddhism era
3082:Legislative elections
2935:(2024 Online Version)
2808:Komisi Pemilihan Umum
2466:Sindo, Koran (2017).
2438:Komisi Pemilihan Umum
1879:Politics of Indonesia
1677:Ariwibowo et al. 1997
1369:Megawati Sukarnoputri
1142:The Functional Groups
1091:: Civil servants and
1041:
1001:First election (1971)
735:coalition governments
725:from multi-candidate
706:, DPR), the 136-seat
432:Legislative elections
119:(national philosophy)
70:
21:
3913:Environmental issues
3583:United Arab Emirates
1928:on 22 September 2016
1296:84,187,907 (74.51%)
1290:25,341,028 (22.43%)
1277:14,565,556 (14.89%)
1271:66,599,331 (68.10%)
1265:16,624,647 (17.00%)
1246:62,783,680 (73.17%)
1240:13,701,428 (15.97%)
1221:48,334,724 (64.34%)
1215:20,871,880 (27.78%)
1196:39,750,096 (62.11%)
1190:18,743,491 (29.29%)
885:and senior minister
787:election. After the
771:Electoral principles
630:Indonesia portal
371:Constitutional court
355:Muhammad Syarifuddin
311:La Nyalla Mattalitti
3834:New Order (1966–98)
3794:VOC era (1603–1800)
3610:limited recognition
2795:Indonesia Quarterly
1687:
1545:
1486:Governor of Jakarta
1361:Crescent Star Party
1345:electoral threshold
1252:9,324,708 (10.87%)
1123:
933:Burhanuddin Harahap
642:Politics portal
556:Electoral Districts
390:Judicial commission
203:Regional government
81:National government
4180:Telecommunications
3891:Biosphere reserves
2548:on 15 January 2021
2233:The New York Times
2035:Liddle (1978) p128
2008:Liddle (1978) p126
1694:Registered voters
1685:
1552:Registered voters
1543:
1539:Voter registration
1302:3,463,226 (3.07%)
1227:5,919,702 (7.88%)
1202:5,504,757 (8.60%)
1121:
1044:
929:Ali Sastroamidjojo
748:Starting from the
692: – the
72:
39:
4593:
4592:
4543:
4542:
4231:Human trafficking
4203:
4202:
4122:
4121:
4113:Wawasan Nusantara
4097:Political parties
4038:Foreign relations
3978:
3977:
3715:
3714:
3652:other territories
3343:Elections in Asia
3310:
3309:
2944:978-0-2759-7942-3
2870:978-83-62753-53-6
2602:(in Indonesian).
2321:The Jakarta Globe
2208:on 8 October 2012
2085:Asia Times Online
1918:978-83-62753-53-6
1841:COVID-19 pandemic
1802:
1801:
1683:
1682:
1426:Kutai Kartanegara
1373:Abdurrahman Wahid
1321:
1320:
1317:
737:. Members of the
679:
678:
592:Foreign relations
570:Political parties
57:
4613:
4563:
4556:
4214:
4213:
4133:
4132:
4075:National capital
3989:
3988:
3857:
3856:
3742:
3735:
3728:
3719:
3718:
3705:
3695:
3694:
3664:Christmas Island
3350:Sovereign states
3337:
3330:
3323:
3314:
3313:
3027:
3026:
3015:
3008:
3001:
2992:
2991:
2981:
2957:
2948:
2936:
2933:
2922:
2902:
2836:
2802:
2789:
2770:
2744:
2724:
2712:
2701:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2652:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2625:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2591:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2580:
2564:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2515:Republika Online
2506:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2489:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2463:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2446:
2435:
2427:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2399:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2382:
2375:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2342:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2311:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2293:The Jakarta Post
2283:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2265:The Jakarta Post
2255:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2235:. Archived from
2224:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2103:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2051:
2045:
2042:
2036:
2033:
2027:
2024:
2009:
2006:
1997:
1994:
1988:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1953:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1927:
1921:, archived from
1910:
1899:
1873:
1871:Indonesia portal
1868:
1867:
1866:
1852:
1688:
1684:
1546:
1542:
1490:Prabowo Subianto
1418:Democratic Party
1391:directly elected
1315:
1124:
1120:
993:, it was led by
887:Amir Sjarifuddin
783:regime from the
705:
671:
664:
657:
640:
639:
628:
627:
626:
593:
571:
413:
405:
365:
339:
331:
294:
262:
247:Bambang Soesatyo
231:
223:
169:
142:
134:
121:
120:
90:
82:
60:
55:
47:
41:
40:
4621:
4620:
4616:
4615:
4614:
4612:
4611:
4610:
4596:
4595:
4594:
4589:
4566:
4559:
4552:
4539:
4530:Personification
4457:
4392:
4373:Public holidays
4358:National heroes
4250:
4199:
4118:
3974:
3943:Natural history
3846:
3784:Spread of Islam
3755:
3746:
3716:
3711:
3683:
3651:
3642:
3623:Northern Cyprus
3609:
3602:
3344:
3341:
3311:
3306:
3206:Local elections
3201:
3076:
3031:
3021:
3019:
2982:— Brief History
2978:SEAsite.niu.edu
2972:
2964:
2945:
2934:
2919:
2905:
2899:
2883:
2881:Further reading
2834:10.1355/SEAA78K
2786:
2767:
2741:
2721:
2704:
2698:
2680:
2675:
2665:
2663:
2654:
2653:
2649:
2639:
2637:
2636:(in Indonesian)
2626:
2622:
2612:
2610:
2592:
2588:
2578:
2576:
2575:(in Indonesian)
2573:Media Indonesia
2565:
2561:
2551:
2549:
2534:
2530:
2520:
2518:
2517:(in Indonesian)
2507:
2503:
2495:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2476:
2474:
2464:
2460:
2450:
2448:
2444:
2433:
2429:
2428:
2424:
2414:
2412:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2386:
2384:
2380:
2373:
2369:
2368:
2364:
2357:
2343:
2336:
2326:
2324:
2312:
2308:
2298:
2296:
2284:
2280:
2270:
2268:
2256:
2252:
2242:
2240:
2239:on 29 July 2014
2225:
2221:
2211:
2209:
2198:
2194:
2185:
2183:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2160:
2144:
2140:
2131:
2129:
2117:
2113:
2097:
2096:
2090:
2088:
2075:
2071:
2062:
2060:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2043:
2039:
2034:
2030:
2025:
2012:
2007:
2000:
1996:Cribb (1996) p2
1995:
1991:
1986:
1982:
1971:
1967:
1962:. p. 4−11.
1951:
1944:
1940:
1931:
1929:
1925:
1919:
1908:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1869:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1807:
1725:, Second Round
1541:
1527:
1521:
1504:
1498:
1474:
1466:Main articles:
1464:
1448:
1440:Main articles:
1438:
1347:of 2% were the
1326:
1314:
1155:
1144:
1133:
1115:Multiple voting
1059:Sidang Umum MPR
1036:
1024:Nahdlatul Ulama
1009:
1003:
983:
967:Nahdlatul Ulama
910:
902:Main articles:
900:
875:
773:
741:are elected by
721:are elected by
717:Members of the
675:
646:
634:
624:
622:
614:
613:
595:
591:
583:
582:
573:
569:
561:
560:
547:
428:
407:
403:
395:
394:
386:
359:
333:
329:
321:
320:
288:
256:
225:
221:
213:
212:
192:
136:
132:
124:
123:
118:
117:
112:
84:
80:
58:
54:
45:
12:
11:
5:
4619:
4609:
4608:
4591:
4590:
4588:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4565:
4564:
4557:
4549:
4548:
4545:
4544:
4541:
4540:
4538:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4515:Floral emblems
4512:
4511:
4510:
4500:
4498:Faunal emblems
4495:
4494:
4493:
4488:
4478:
4473:
4467:
4465:
4459:
4458:
4456:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4424:
4423:
4413:
4408:
4402:
4400:
4394:
4393:
4391:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4289:
4288:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4260:
4258:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4217:
4211:
4205:
4204:
4201:
4200:
4198:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4175:Stock Exchange
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4136:
4130:
4124:
4123:
4120:
4119:
4117:
4116:
4109:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4077:
4072:
4062:
4061:
4060:
4055:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4019:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3992:
3986:
3980:
3979:
3976:
3975:
3973:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3956:
3955:
3950:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3899:
3898:
3896:National parks
3893:
3883:
3882:
3881:
3879:Climate change
3871:
3866:
3860:
3854:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3844:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3765:
3763:
3757:
3756:
3745:
3744:
3737:
3730:
3722:
3713:
3712:
3710:
3709:
3699:
3688:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3655:
3653:
3644:
3643:
3641:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3614:
3612:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3354:
3352:
3346:
3345:
3340:
3339:
3332:
3325:
3317:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3304:
3297:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3209:
3207:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3199:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3086:
3084:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3074:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3041:
3039:
3033:
3032:
3018:
3017:
3010:
3003:
2995:
2989:
2988:
2983:
2970:
2963:
2962:External links
2960:
2959:
2958:
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2923:
2917:
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2882:
2879:
2878:
2877:
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2752:
2745:
2739:
2725:
2719:
2702:
2696:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2673:
2647:
2634:katadata.co.id
2620:
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2528:
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2028:
2010:
1998:
1989:
1980:
1965:
1938:
1917:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1886:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1858:
1855:
1826:serangan fajar
1806:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1790:
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1729:
1726:
1719:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1708:, First Round
1702:
1701:
1698:
1697:Voter turnout
1695:
1692:
1681:
1680:
1672:
1671:
1668:
1665:
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1639:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1608:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1592:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1560:
1559:
1556:
1555:Voter turnout
1553:
1550:
1540:
1537:
1523:Main article:
1520:
1517:
1513:Gerindra Party
1500:Main article:
1497:
1494:
1463:
1460:
1437:
1434:
1399:Vice-President
1325:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1307:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1282:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1232:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1207:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1162:
1161:
1150:
1147:Golongan Karya
1139:
1128:
1119:
1118:
1112:
1106:
1100:
1086:
1076:
1035:
1032:
1005:Main article:
1002:
999:
982:
979:
955:
954:
947:
926:Prime Minister
899:
896:
874:
871:
866:
865:
855:
845:
833:Confidential (
831:
821:
807:
772:
769:
727:constituencies
677:
676:
674:
673:
666:
659:
651:
648:
647:
645:
644:
632:
619:
616:
615:
612:
611:
606:
596:
589:
588:
585:
584:
581:
580:
574:
567:
566:
563:
562:
559:
558:
553:
546:
545:
544:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
507:
506:
505:
504:
499:
494:
489:
484:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
449:
444:
439:
427:
426:
422:
421:
408:
401:
400:
397:
396:
393:
392:
385:
384:
375:
374:
358:
357:
348:
347:
334:
327:
326:
323:
322:
319:
318:
304:
303:
287:
286:
272:
271:
255:
254:
240:
239:
226:
219:
218:
215:
214:
211:
210:
205:
199:
198:
191:
190:
179:
178:
163:
162:
151:
150:
137:
130:
129:
126:
125:
111:
110:
105:
99:
98:
85:
78:
77:
74:
73:
63:
62:
50:
49:
24:Minang wedding
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4618:
4607:
4604:
4603:
4601:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4567:
4562:
4558:
4555:
4551:
4550:
4546:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4509:
4506:
4505:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4483:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4468:
4466:
4464:
4460:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4422:
4419:
4418:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4411:Ethnic groups
4409:
4407:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4399:
4395:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4287:
4286:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4266:
4265:
4262:
4261:
4259:
4257:
4253:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4218:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4206:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4137:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4125:
4115:
4114:
4110:
4107:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4082:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4070:
4066:
4063:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4050:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3998:
3997:
3994:
3993:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3981:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3945:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3903:Deforestation
3901:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3888:
3887:
3884:
3880:
3877:
3876:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3861:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3849:
3843:
3841:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3766:
3764:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3750:
3743:
3738:
3736:
3731:
3729:
3724:
3723:
3720:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3698:
3690:
3689:
3686:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3656:
3654:
3649:
3645:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3633:South Ossetia
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3611:
3605:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3351:
3347:
3338:
3333:
3331:
3326:
3324:
3319:
3318:
3315:
3303:
3302:
3298:
3296:
3295:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3204:
3198:
3197:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3079:
3073:
3072:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3025:
3016:
3011:
3009:
3004:
3002:
2997:
2996:
2993:
2987:
2984:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2955:
2950:
2946:
2940:
2932:
2931:
2924:
2920:
2918:9781514517017
2914:
2910:
2909:
2904:
2900:
2898:979-97445-0-4
2894:
2890:
2885:
2884:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2852:
2850:
2849:981-04-1478-1
2846:
2842:
2838:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2818:
2815:
2811:
2809:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2791:
2787:
2785:979-97445-0-4
2781:
2777:
2772:
2768:
2766:0-7326-1018-4
2762:
2758:
2753:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2740:979-8536-10-X
2736:
2732:
2726:
2722:
2720:0-8014-0687-0
2716:
2711:
2710:
2703:
2699:
2697:981-230-322-7
2693:
2689:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2662:. 20 May 2016
2661:
2657:
2651:
2635:
2631:
2624:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2590:
2574:
2570:
2563:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2532:
2516:
2512:
2505:
2494:
2488:
2473:
2469:
2462:
2443:
2439:
2432:
2426:
2410:
2409:
2404:
2398:
2379:
2372:
2366:
2358:
2356:981-230-323-5
2352:
2348:
2341:
2339:
2323:
2322:
2317:
2310:
2295:
2294:
2289:
2282:
2267:
2266:
2261:
2254:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2223:
2207:
2203:
2196:
2182:, 9 July 2009
2181:
2180:The Economist
2177:
2176:
2169:
2161:
2159:9789812308412
2155:
2151:
2150:
2142:
2128:
2127:
2122:
2115:
2107:
2101:
2086:
2082:
2081:
2073:
2058:
2057:
2050:
2041:
2032:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2005:
2003:
1993:
1984:
1976:
1969:
1961:
1957:
1949:
1942:
1924:
1920:
1914:
1907:
1906:
1898:
1894:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1861:
1854:
1851:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1833:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1679:, p. 23
1678:
1673:
1661:
1657:
1645:
1641:
1629:
1625:
1613:
1609:
1597:
1593:
1581:
1577:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1536:
1533:
1526:
1516:
1515:with 12.6% .
1514:
1510:
1503:
1493:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1473:
1469:
1459:
1457:
1453:
1447:
1443:
1433:
1431:
1428:, which held
1427:
1421:
1419:
1415:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1381:
1376:
1374:
1370:
1364:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1330:1999 election
1313:
1308:
1299:325 (76.47%)
1287:
1283:
1274:282 (70.50%)
1262:
1258:
1249:299 (74.75%)
1237:
1233:
1224:242 (67.22%)
1212:
1208:
1199:232 (64.44%)
1187:
1183:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1159:
1154:
1148:
1143:
1137:
1132:
1125:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1040:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1016:
1014:
1008:
998:
996:
992:
991:1997 election
989:(LPU), as of
988:
978:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
952:
948:
945:
941:
940:
939:
936:
934:
930:
927:
923:
919:
915:
909:
905:
895:
892:
888:
884:
880:
870:
863:
862:
856:
853:
852:
846:
843:
842:Secret ballot
839:
837:
832:
829:
827:
822:
819:
815:
813:
808:
805:
803:
798:
797:
796:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
768:
766:
762:
758:
757:ID card (KTP)
753:
751:
746:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
715:
713:
709:
704:
699:
695:
691:
690:head of state
687:
683:
672:
667:
665:
660:
658:
653:
652:
650:
649:
643:
638:
633:
631:
621:
620:
618:
617:
610:
607:
605:
601:
598:
597:
594:
587:
586:
579:
576:
575:
572:
565:
564:
557:
554:
552:
549:
548:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
513:
512:
509:
508:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
437:1955 (Const.)
435:
434:
433:
430:
429:
424:
423:
420:
419:
415:
414:
412:
406:
399:
398:
391:
388:
387:
383:
380:
379:Chief Justice
377:
376:
373:
372:
368:
367:
366:
364:
356:
353:
352:Chief Justice
350:
349:
346:
345:
341:
340:
338:
332:
325:
324:
316:
312:
309:
306:
305:
302:
301:
297:
296:
295:
293:
284:
280:
279:Puan Maharani
277:
274:
273:
270:
269:
265:
264:
263:
261:
252:
248:
245:
242:
241:
238:
237:
233:
232:
230:
224:
217:
216:
209:
206:
204:
201:
200:
197:
194:
193:
188:
184:
181:
180:
177:
176:
172:
171:
170:
168:
160:
156:
153:
152:
149:
148:
144:
143:
141:
135:
128:
127:
122:
116:
109:
106:
104:
101:
100:
97:
96:
92:
91:
89:
83:
76:
75:
69:
65:
64:
61:
52:
51:
48:
43:
42:
37:
34:, during the
33:
29:
25:
20:
16:
4428:Homelessness
4398:Demographics
4338:Martial arts
4283:
4264:Architecture
4241:Prostitution
4111:
4079:
4043:Human rights
4032:
4028:Constitution
3886:Conservation
3842:(since 1998)
3839:
3648:Dependencies
3578:Turkmenistan
3543:Saudi Arabia
3427:
3299:
3293:
3194:
3069:
3028:
2977:
2953:
2929:
2907:
2888:
2855:
2840:
2825:
2821:
2807:
2798:
2794:
2775:
2756:
2749:Asian Survey
2748:
2730:
2708:
2686:
2664:. Retrieved
2659:
2650:
2638:. Retrieved
2633:
2623:
2611:. Retrieved
2599:
2589:
2577:. Retrieved
2572:
2562:
2550:. Retrieved
2546:the original
2541:
2531:
2519:. Retrieved
2514:
2504:
2487:
2475:. Retrieved
2471:
2461:
2449:. Retrieved
2437:
2425:
2413:. Retrieved
2406:
2397:
2385:. Retrieved
2365:
2346:
2325:. Retrieved
2319:
2309:
2297:. Retrieved
2291:
2281:
2269:. Retrieved
2263:
2253:
2241:. Retrieved
2237:the original
2232:
2222:
2212:16 September
2210:. Retrieved
2206:the original
2195:
2184:, retrieved
2174:
2168:
2148:
2141:
2130:, retrieved
2126:The Guardian
2124:
2114:
2089:, retrieved
2079:
2072:
2061:, retrieved
2055:
2049:
2040:
2031:
1992:
1983:
1968:
1941:
1930:, retrieved
1923:the original
1904:
1897:
1834:
1829:
1825:
1818:politik uang
1817:
1808:
1795:168,422,011
1792:204,422,181
1779:158,012,506
1776:192,770,611
1763:134,953,967
1760:193,944,150
1747:127,983,655
1744:176,367,056
1731:116,662,700
1728:155,048,803
1714:121,293,844
1711:155,048,803
1667:112,991,160
1664:124,740,987
1648:107,605,697
1528:
1509:Sandiaga Uno
1505:
1475:
1449:
1422:
1411:
1377:
1365:
1342:
1338:B.J. Habibie
1327:
1311:
1293:89 (20.94%)
1280:56 (14.00%)
1268:62 (15.50%)
1255:40 (10.00%)
1243:61 (15.25%)
1218:94 (26.11%)
1193:99 (27.50%)
1157:
1146:
1135:
1114:
1109:Vote-rigging
1108:
1102:
1088:
1078:
1072:
1067:
1063:the military
1058:
1056:
1045:
1017:
1010:
984:
956:
937:
918:Konstituante
917:
911:
876:
867:
860:
858:
850:
848:
835:
834:
825:
824:
811:
810:
801:
800:
774:
754:
747:
716:
711:
681:
680:
604:in Indonesia
510:
431:
416:
402:
369:
360:
342:
298:
289:
266:
257:
234:
173:
164:
145:
114:
93:
44:
32:West Sumatra
15:
4508:Subdivision
4491:Subdivision
4453:LGBT rights
4388:Video games
4140:Agriculture
4058:Enforcement
3908:Earthquakes
3774:Prehistoric
3707:Asia portal
3608:States with
3528:Philippines
3468:South Korea
3463:North Korea
3358:Afghanistan
2828:: 122–138,
2666:14 February
2640:15 November
2613:15 November
2579:12 November
2552:12 November
2521:12 November
2415:28 December
2408:Koran Tempo
2387:28 December
2044:TVRI (1999)
1845:abstentions
1810:Vote buying
1651:97,789,534
1635:85,869,816
1632:93,965,953
1619:75,126,306
1616:82,134,195
1603:63,998,344
1600:70,378,750
1587:54,699,509
1584:58,558,776
1571:37,875,299
1568:43,104,464
1484:, then the
1482:Joko Widodo
1383:legislature
1359:(PAN), and
1305:11 (2.59%)
1230:24 (6.67%)
1205:29 (8.06%)
973:(PKI), and
965:(Masyumi),
818:Indonesians
789:1998 reform
777:abbreviated
731:multi-party
686:legislature
222:Legislature
183:Ma'ruf Amin
155:Joko Widodo
56:Politics of
4486:Historical
4421:Healthcare
4368:Properties
4333:Literature
4285:Rumah adat
4145:Automotive
4053:Censorship
4001:Historical
3588:Uzbekistan
3563:Tajikistan
3478:Kyrgyzstan
3458:Kazakhstan
3378:Bangladesh
3368:Azerbaijan
3294:2024 (Nov)
3288:2024 (Feb)
3130:1955 (Dec)
3125:1955 (Sep)
2678:References
2477:15 January
2451:15 January
1814:Indonesian
1380:Indonesian
1149:, Golkar)
1050:(PPP) and
922:government
795:election.
4525:Nusantara
4433:Languages
4406:Education
4353:Mythology
4323:Festivals
4190:Transport
4102:President
4081:Pancasila
4033:Elections
4016:Districts
4006:Provinces
3970:Volcanoes
3933:Mountains
3852:Geography
3840:Reformasi
3749:Indonesia
3674:Hong Kong
3628:Palestine
3553:Sri Lanka
3548:Singapore
3428:Indonesia
2801:: 311–323
2660:gatra.com
2600:detiknews
2472:Sindonews
2327:7 October
2299:7 October
2271:7 October
1835:In 2020,
1805:Criticism
1478:Indonesia
1452:Indonesia
1407:democracy
1403:Indonesia
1395:President
809:General (
781:New Order
694:president
404:Elections
382:Suhartoyo
330:Judiciary
315:East Java
208:Governors
133:Executive
115:Pancasila
59:Indonesia
4600:Category
4570:Category
4443:Refugees
4438:Religion
4363:Painting
4274:Colonial
4221:Abortion
4150:Aviation
4065:Military
3984:Politics
3769:Timeline
3753:articles
3697:Category
3618:Abkhazia
3568:Thailand
3523:Pakistan
3503:Mongolia
3498:Maldives
3493:Malaysia
3393:Cambodia
2608:detikcom
2442:Archived
2440:. 2014.
2378:Archived
2100:citation
1857:See also
1675:Source:
1310:Source:
977:(PSII).
847:Honest (
799:Direct (
108:Taxation
28:Pariaman
4580:Gallery
4554:Outline
4476:Costume
4463:Symbols
4383:Theatre
4328:Legends
4313:Cuisine
4308:Costume
4279:Mosques
4256:Culture
4246:Smoking
4209:Society
4185:Tourism
4165:History
4128:Economy
4069:Babinsa
4023:Cabinet
3960:Regions
3923:Islands
3918:Geology
3874:Climate
3864:Borders
3761:History
3593:Vietnam
3508:Myanmar
3488:Lebanon
3418:Georgia
3373:Bahrain
3363:Armenia
2604:Jakarta
2243:22 July
2186:11 July
2132:10 June
1956:Jakarta
1932:28 July
1363:(PBB).
1355:(PKB),
1160:, PDI)
1138:, PPP)
1013:Suharto
961:(PNI),
883:Sjahrir
873:History
816:): All
804:angsung
308:Speaker
276:Speaker
244:Speaker
196:Cabinet
4575:Portal
4481:Emblem
4471:Anthem
4416:Health
4303:Cinema
4236:Piracy
4160:Energy
4092:Police
3965:Rivers
3869:Cities
3751:
3638:Taiwan
3573:Turkey
3538:Russia
3473:Kuwait
3453:Jordan
3443:Israel
3403:Cyprus
3388:Brunei
3383:Bhutan
2941:
2915:
2895:
2868:
2854:TVRI (
2847:
2782:
2763:
2737:
2717:
2694:
2353:
2156:
2091:9 June
2063:8 June
1915:
1798:82.39
1782:81.97
1766:69.58
1750:72.57
1734:75.24
1717:78.23
1670:90.58
1654:90.88
1638:91.38
1622:91.47
1606:90.93
1590:93.41
1574:87.86
1371:, but
1180:Seats
1177:Votes
1174:Seats
1171:Votes
1168:Seats
1165:Votes
1020:Golkar
969:(NU),
857:Fair (
838:ahasia
823:Free (
251:Golkar
30:City,
4585:Atlas
4561:Index
4535:Songs
4520:Motto
4448:Women
4378:Sport
4348:Music
4343:Media
4318:Dance
4298:Batik
4269:Candi
4226:Crime
4155:Banks
3953:Flora
3948:Fauna
3928:Lakes
3679:Macau
3598:Yemen
3558:Syria
3533:Qatar
3513:Nepal
3448:Japan
3423:India
3413:Egypt
3398:China
2806:KPU (
2542:Tempo
2496:(PDF)
2445:(PDF)
2434:(PDF)
2381:(PDF)
2374:(PDF)
1952:(PDF)
1926:(PDF)
1909:(PDF)
1890:Notes
1691:Year
1549:Year
1127:Year
879:Hatta
283:PDI-P
159:PDI-P
4503:Flag
4106:List
3518:Oman
3483:Laos
3438:Iraq
3433:Iran
3301:2029
3283:2020
3278:2019
3273:2018
3268:2017
3263:2015
3258:2014
3253:2013
3248:2012
3243:2011
3238:2010
3233:2008
3228:2007
3223:2006
3218:2005
3213:1957
3196:2029
3190:2024
3185:2019
3180:2014
3175:2009
3170:2004
3165:1999
3160:1997
3155:1992
3150:1987
3145:1982
3140:1977
3135:1971
3120:1939
3115:1935
3110:1931
3105:1927
3100:1924
3095:1921
3090:1917
3071:2029
3065:2024
3060:2019
3055:2014
3050:2009
3045:2004
2939:ISBN
2913:ISBN
2893:ISBN
2866:ISBN
2845:ISBN
2826:1978
2780:ISBN
2761:ISBN
2735:ISBN
2715:ISBN
2692:ISBN
2668:2024
2642:2020
2615:2020
2581:2020
2554:2020
2523:2020
2479:2019
2453:2019
2417:2020
2389:2020
2351:ISBN
2329:2019
2301:2019
2273:2019
2245:2014
2214:2012
2188:2009
2154:ISBN
2134:2009
2106:link
2093:2009
2065:2009
1934:2016
1913:ISBN
1788:2024
1772:2019
1756:2014
1740:2009
1723:2004
1706:2004
1660:1997
1644:1992
1628:1987
1612:1982
1596:1977
1580:1971
1564:1955
1532:KPU
1470:and
1444:and
1412:The
1397:and
1328:The
1286:1997
1261:1992
1236:1987
1211:1982
1186:1977
949:The
942:The
906:and
793:1999
785:1971
541:2024
536:2019
531:2014
526:2009
521:2004
516:1999
502:2024
497:2019
492:2014
487:2009
482:2004
477:1999
472:1997
467:1992
462:1987
457:1982
452:1977
447:1971
442:1955
187:Ind.
4293:Art
4048:Law
3650:and
2830:doi
1853:).
924:of
861:dil
851:jur
840:):
828:bas
814:mum
551:Law
103:Law
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2872:,
2824:,
2812:,
2797:,
2658:.
2632:.
2606::
2598:.
2571:.
2540:.
2513:.
2470:.
2436:.
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