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333:. Dexileos was a young cavalryman who died at the age of twenty, which can be seen through the inscription that reveals his lifespan. Dexileos would have been an ephebe, going through his rite of passage to become a full, democratic citizen, like other Athenian men. This process included serving in the military for three years. This stele shares characteristics of two distinct ideologies in the
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The
Dexileos stele is one of three monuments in the Dipylon cemetery honoring Athenian warriors. One other monument, the Polyandron, honors all those soldiers who died for the city within a certain year, including Dexileos. All these soldiers' remains, including those of the elite cavalry status as
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Below the horse is
Dexileos’s enemy, who has fallen in battle and is shielding himself from the horse with one arm covering his head. The Greek enemy is seen in the frontal position with his head up towards Dexileos. The enemy is also depicted completely nude, representing his vulnerability as well
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relating to death in battle; One being a very individualistic depiction glorifying the deceased and the other being an inclusion of aristocracy within
Athenian democracy and depicting death as a sacrifice for the state. While this monument depicts wealthy Dexileos in triumph, bringing pride to his
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as well as krepides on his feet. His garments flow in the wind as his horse rears upwards. Dexileos raises one arm to hold a spear, which has since been lost from the sculpture as it was an attachment of a different material. His torso twists forward in the frontal position while his head is in ¾
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Dexileos belonged to the class of knights. Four other knights, along with
Antiphates, the leader of Dexileos's tribe, were also killed in 394 BC. The ashes of Dexileos as well as those of the four other knights were transferred to Athens and deposited at the Public Cemetery. The
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against Sparta in 394 BC. The stele is attributed to "The
Dexileos Sculptor". Its creation can be dated to 394 BC, based on the inscription on its bottom, which provides the dates of birth and death of Dexileos. The stele is made out of an expensive variety of
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for burial. This ritual equated all
Athenians after death to create a complete, whole democracy. The other monument honored all fallen cavalrymen, listing eleven, including Dexileos, in total. This monument preserved the sacrifices of those cavalrymen to democracy.
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This not only gives an exact date of
Dexileos’s lifespan but also describes his death in battle at Corinth. The entire stele relief scene is bordered on top with a pediment adorned with
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Another monument was discovered, dedicated to five
Athenian cavalrymen including Dexileos. Only the crown of the public funerary monument remains, now in
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The stele is carved in high relief and depicts a cavalryman, Dexileos, mounted on a horse, charging a
Spartan enemy, probably at the 394 BC
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was constructed later by the relatives of
Dexileos (dated to 390 BC), when the family enclosure was built, where the relief was found.
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sculpture depicting a battle scene with an inscription below it. The stele was discovered in 1863 in the family plot of Dexileos at the
404:. The monument, in pentelic marble, was found west of Athens, in the area of the Demosion Sema. According to the inscription on the
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of Aristonautes. Along with the nearby excavation of the funerary enclosure of Agathon, the discovery of Dexileios's
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family, it also shows how he is part of the Athenian community, making a sacrifice of life for his people.
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The Dexileos stele reflects Athens during a time of chaos and disorder. Following the Athenian loss of the
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in the spring of 1863. Rhousopoulos' excavation followed the earlier discovery on 1 January 1862 [
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Dexileos is seen in his youthfulness, shown through the lack of a beard being present. He wears a
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Hurwit, Jeffrey M. (2007). "The Problem with Dexileos: Heroic and Other Nudities in Greek Art".
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The stele was discovered by the Athenian archaeologist, art dealer and antiquities trafficker
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confirmed the location of the Kerameikos cemetery, which had been forgotten since antiquity.
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well as less-wealthy foot soldiers, were mixed together, burned, and placed in the
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623:"IGII2 6217 Epitaph of Dexileos, cavalryman killed in the Corinthian war (394 BC)"
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position, slanted with his gaze down towards his foe. The spear, reins, and
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585:"The Dexileos Stele: A Study of Aristocracy and Democracy in Greek Art"
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Petrakos, Vasileios (2007). "The Stages of Greek Archaeology". In
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Greek art and archaeology : a new history, c. 2500–c. 150 BCE
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and is 1.86 metres (6 ft 1 in) tall. It includes a high
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in 394 BC. The list of the fallen includes the name of Dexileos.
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Epitaph of Dexileos, cavalryman killed in Corinthian war (394 BC)
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Funerary crown with the name of Dexileos on the base. 394/3 BC.
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739:(1). American Journal of Archaeology Vol. 111, No. 1: 35–60.
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holes in the relief where they would have been attached.
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was finally restored in 403 after the overthrow of the
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171:Δεξίλεως
163:Dexileos
55:Material
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482:hoplite
435:naiskos
414:Coronea
410:Corinth
364:Dipylon
313:Context
299:naiskos
248:ephebes
244:petasos
239:petasos
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749:JSTOR
441:stele
252:dowel
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
