220:
20:
28:
1216:
1240:
1228:
273:, and spans across 500 million light years. Because it is not dense enough to be gravitationally bound, it should be dispersing as the universe expands, but it is instead anchored by a gravitational focal point. Thus the Great Attractor would be the core of the new supercluster. The local flows of the Laniakea supercluster converge in the region of the Norma and
152:
The first indications of a deviation from uniform expansion of the universe were reported in 1973 and again in 1978. The location of the Great
Attractor was finally determined in 1986: It is situated at a distance of somewhere between 150 and 250 Mly (million light-years)
203:(CIZA) project reported that the Great Attractor was actually only one tenth the mass that scientists had originally estimated. The survey also confirmed earlier theories that the Milky Way galaxy is in fact being pulled toward a much more massive cluster of galaxies near the
87:, indicating that they are receding relative to the Milky Way and to each other, but the variations in their redshifts are large enough and regular enough to reveal that they are slightly drawn towards the attraction. The variations in their redshifts are known as
113:
in 1987, following decades of redshift surveys that built up a large dataset of redshift values. The redshift values and distance measurements independent of redshift measurements were then combined to create maps of peculiar velocity.
173:(the part of the night sky obscured by the Milky Way galaxy) and are thus difficult to study with visible wavelengths, X-ray observations have revealed that region of space to be dominated by the
93:, and cover a range from about +700 km/s to −700 km/s, depending on the angular deviation from the direction to the Great Attractor. The Great Attractor itself is moving towards the
1174:
133:
of galaxies towards the Great
Attractor. The 1980s brought many discoveries about the Great Attractor, such as the fact that the Milky Way is not the only galaxy impacted. Approximately 400
727:
Jarrett, T. H.; Koribalski, B. S.; Kraan-Korteweg, R. C.; Woudt, P. A.; Whitney, B. A.; Meade, M. R.; Babler, B.; Churchwell, E.; Benjamin, R. A.; Indebetouw, R. (March 2007).
231:, called the Norma Wall (also called Great Attractor Wall) is located at the center of the supposed position of the Great Attractor. The Norma Wall contains the clusters
247:. The most massive cluster in this region is the Norma supercluster. Later studies found that the wall continues over to the constellations of Centaurus and Vela.
240:
244:
1182:
1285:
60:
The observed attraction suggests a localized concentration of mass having the order of 10 solar masses. However, it is obscured by the Milky Way's
620:
35:
71:
The attraction is observable by its effect on the motion of galaxies and their associated clusters over a region of hundreds of millions of
1280:
23:
Panoramic view of the entire near-infrared sky. The location of the Great
Attractor is shown following the long blue arrow at bottom right.
223:
View of the region of the Great
Attractor, with Pavo II, Norma, Cen-Crux and the CIZA J1324.7-5736 clusters forming the Norma Wall.
310:
140:
Intense efforts to work through the difficulties caused by the occlusion by the Milky Way during the late 1990's identified the
265:
is defined as the Great
Attractor's basin. It covers approximately four main galaxy superclusters, including superclusters of
959:
595:
374:
117:
Through a series of peculiar velocity tests, astrophysicists found that the Milky Way was moving in the direction of the
177:(ACO 3627), a massive cluster of galaxies containing a preponderance of large, old galaxies, many of which are
270:
1265:
629:
It is now thought that the Great
Attractor is probably a supercluster, with Abell 3627 near its center.
518:
794:"The Norma cluster (ACO 3627) - I. A dynamical analysis of the most massive cluster in the Great Attractor"
193:
In 1992, much of the apparent signal of the Great
Attractor was attributed to a statistical effect called
1270:
542:
232:
137:
are moving toward the Great
Attractor beyond the Zone of Avoidance caused by the Milky Way galaxy light.
126:
1206:
651:
624:
578:
393:
68:(ZOA), so that in visible light wavelengths, the Great Attractor is difficult to observe directly.
1260:
1073:(November 1989). "The distribution of galaxies in the direction of the 'Great Attractor'".
647:"A general analytical solution to the problem of Malmquist bias due to lognormal distance errors"
1275:
702:
573:
31:
945:
792:
Woudt, P. A.; Kraan-Korteweg, R. C.; Lucey, J.; Fairall, A. P.; Moore, S. A. W. (2008-01-01).
1022:
970:
646:
346:
262:
256:
166:
50:
307: – Center of effective repulsion in the large-scale flow of galaxies near the Milky Way
1141:
1084:
1034:
982:
883:
855:
815:
750:
660:
572:. Lecture Notes in Physics. Vol. 556. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. pp. 301–344.
484:
316:
204:
94:
850:
568:
Kraan-Korteweg, Renée C. (2000). "Galaxies behind the Milky Way and the Great
Attractor".
8:
162:
134:
46:
1145:
1088:
1038:
986:
887:
819:
754:
664:
488:
1244:
1108:
1070:
915:
873:
805:
774:
740:
601:
474:
440:
352:
266:
859:
462:
1100:
1050:
998:
955:
919:
907:
899:
833:
828:
793:
766:
676:
591:
500:
496:
432:
370:
274:
208:
170:
88:
65:
728:
605:
1220:
1149:
1116:
1112:
1092:
1075:
1058:
1042:
1006:
990:
923:
891:
864:
823:
778:
758:
684:
668:
583:
492:
362:
295: – A possible non-random component of the peculiar velocity of galaxy clusters
178:
199:. In 2005, astronomers conducting an X-ray survey of part of the sky known as the
951:
322:
304:
286:
228:
219:
851:
195:
79:. These galaxies are observable above and below the Zone of Avoidance; all are
61:
1023:"The supergalactic plane redshift survey: a candidate for the great attractor"
1254:
1104:
1054:
1018:
1002:
903:
837:
770:
680:
504:
436:
236:
174:
141:
110:
587:
1232:
911:
366:
19:
1120:
1062:
1010:
927:
688:
1170:
745:
642:
479:
357:
298:
130:
84:
895:
444:
420:
729:"Discovery of Two Galaxies Deeply Embedded in the Great Attractor Wall"
182:
154:
72:
1096:
292:
169:(The Carpenter's Square). While objects in that direction lie in the
158:
118:
54:
1175:"New map locates Milky Way in neighborhood of 100,000 galaxies"
968:
726:
1154:
1129:
1046:
994:
762:
672:
640:
80:
76:
878:
810:
207:, which lies beyond the Great Attractor, and which is called the
27:
791:
345:
Kraan-Korteweg, Renée C. (2005-07-22). Röser, Siegfried (ed.).
319: – Largest concentration of galaxies in our local universe
16:
Region of overdensity of galaxies within the local supercluster
1190:
862:(3 September 2014). "The Laniakea supercluster of galaxies".
463:"The density and peculiar velocity fields of nearby galaxies"
947:
Voyage to the Great
Attractor: Exploring Intergalactic Space
157:), the larger being the most recent estimate, away from the
546:
1227:
313: – Largest known structure in the observable universe
277:, approximately at the position of the Great Attractor.
1127:
461:
Strauss, Michael A.; Willick, Jeffrey A. (1995-10-01).
1204:
129:(CMB) dipoles was used to reflect the motion of the
49:
and the apparent central gravitational point of the
388:
386:
34:image showing part of the Norma cluster, including
1069:
57:galaxy, as well as about 100,000 other galaxies.
1128:Bertschinger, Edmund; Juszkiewicz, Roman (1988).
969:Mathewson D. S.; Ford V. L.; Buchhorn M. (1992).
798:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
618:
1252:
705:(Press release). Ifa.hawaii.edu. 11 January 2006
456:
454:
383:
340:
338:
619:Mukai, Koji; Mushotzky, Rich; Masetti, Maggie.
971:"No back-side infall into the Great Attractor"
623:. NASA's Ask an Astrophysicist. Archived from
567:
460:
344:
703:"X-rays reveal what makes the Milky Way move"
519:"Cosmic Microwave Background Dipole | COSMOS"
451:
335:
144:at the center of the Great Attractor region.
348:Cosmological Structures behind the Milky Way
188:
1017:
45:is a region of gravitational attraction in
1153:
877:
827:
809:
744:
577:
543:"Hubble focuses on "the Great Attractor""
478:
356:
161:, in the direction of the constellations
1201:– video clip showing the Great Attractor
943:
418:
250:
218:
26:
18:
1286:Astronomical objects discovered in 1986
421:"The Large-Scale Streaming of Galaxies"
1253:
1169:
722:
720:
1281:Large-scale structure of the cosmos
1130:"Searching for the Great Attractor"
570:From the Sun to the Great Attractor
311:Hercules–Corona Borealis Great Wall
13:
937:
717:
14:
1297:
1192:Cosmography of the Local Universe
1163:
1027:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
975:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
201:Clusters in the Zone of Avoidance
1238:
1226:
1214:
829:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12571.x
325: – Massive cosmic structure
844:
785:
695:
289: – Immense galaxy filament
181:and radiating large amounts of
179:colliding with their neighbours
634:
612:
561:
535:
511:
412:
394:"What is the Great Attractor?"
125:km/s. Then, the discovery of
53:of galaxies that includes the
1:
329:
214:
497:10.1016/0370-1573(95)00013-7
301: – Concept in cosmology
165:(The Southern Triangle) and
7:
280:
147:
127:cosmic microwave background
10:
1302:
254:
119:constellation of Centaurus
100:
1134:The Astrophysical Journal
652:The Astrophysical Journal
351:. Wiley. pp. 48–75.
189:Debate over apparent mass
733:The Astronomical Journal
944:Dressler, Alan (1994).
588:10.1007/3-540-45371-7_8
419:Dressler, Alan (1987).
83:in accordance with the
950:. New York, New York:
367:10.1002/3527608966.ch3
224:
38:
32:Hubble Space Telescope
24:
1185:on February 25, 2020.
627:on 18 February 2003.
621:"The Great Attractor"
523:astronomy.swin.edu.au
263:Laniakea Supercluster
257:Laniakea Supercluster
251:Laniakea Supercluster
222:
51:Laniakea Supercluster
30:
22:
1266:Shapley Supercluster
1173:(3 September 2014).
317:Shapley Supercluster
205:Shapley Supercluster
95:Shapley Supercluster
1179:National Geographic
1146:1988ApJ...334L..59B
1089:1989Natur.342..251R
1039:1988ApJ...329..519D
987:1992ApJ...389L...5M
896:10.1038/NATURE13674
888:2014Natur.513...71T
820:2008MNRAS.383..445W
755:2007AJ....133..979J
665:1992ApJ...391..494L
643:Alexander S. Szalay
489:1995PhR...261..271S
425:Scientific American
163:Triangulum Australe
135:elliptical galaxies
90:peculiar velocities
64:, lying behind the
47:intergalactic space
1271:Virgo Supercluster
1071:Somak Raychaudhury
858:; Yehuda Hoffman;
641:Stephen D. Landy;
275:Centaurus Clusters
225:
39:
25:
1083:(6247): 251–255.
961:978-0-394-58899-5
597:978-3-540-41064-5
549:. 18 January 2013
376:978-3-527-40608-1
245:CIZA J1324.7−5736
209:Shapley Attractor
171:Zone of Avoidance
66:Zone of Avoidance
1293:
1243:
1242:
1241:
1231:
1230:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1210:
1200:
1186:
1181:. Archived from
1159:
1157:
1124:
1097:10.1038/342251A0
1066:
1014:
965:
932:
931:
881:
848:
842:
841:
831:
813:
789:
783:
782:
748:
746:astro-ph/0611397
724:
715:
714:
712:
710:
699:
693:
692:
638:
632:
631:
616:
610:
609:
581:
565:
559:
558:
556:
554:
539:
533:
532:
530:
529:
515:
509:
508:
482:
480:astro-ph/9502079
458:
449:
448:
416:
410:
409:
407:
405:
390:
381:
380:
360:
358:astro-ph/0502217
342:
124:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1291:
1290:
1261:Great Attractor
1251:
1250:
1249:
1239:
1237:
1225:
1215:
1213:
1205:
1189:
1166:
962:
954:. p. 355.
952:Alfred A. Knopf
940:
938:Further reading
935:
872:(7516): 71–73.
860:Daniel Pomarède
856:Hélène Courtois
849:
845:
790:
786:
725:
718:
708:
706:
701:
700:
696:
639:
635:
617:
613:
598:
579:10.1.1.338.3806
566:
562:
552:
550:
541:
540:
536:
527:
525:
517:
516:
512:
467:Physics Reports
459:
452:
417:
413:
403:
401:
392:
391:
384:
377:
343:
336:
332:
323:South Pole Wall
305:Dipole repeller
287:CfA2 Great Wall
283:
271:Hydra–Centaurus
259:
253:
229:galaxy filament
217:
191:
150:
122:
107:Great Attractor
103:
43:Great Attractor
17:
12:
11:
5:
1299:
1289:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1248:
1247:
1235:
1223:
1203:
1202:
1187:
1165:
1164:External links
1162:
1161:
1160:
1155:10.1086/185312
1125:
1067:
1047:10.1086/166398
1015:
995:10.1086/186335
966:
960:
939:
936:
934:
933:
852:R. Brent Tully
843:
804:(2): 445–457.
784:
763:10.1086/510668
739:(3): 979–986.
716:
694:
673:10.1086/171365
633:
611:
596:
560:
534:
510:
473:(5): 271–431.
450:
411:
400:. 14 July 2014
398:Universe Today
382:
375:
333:
331:
328:
327:
326:
320:
314:
308:
302:
296:
290:
282:
279:
255:Main article:
252:
249:
241:Centaurus-Crux
216:
213:
196:Malmquist bias
190:
187:
149:
146:
102:
99:
62:galactic plane
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1298:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1276:Norma Cluster
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1246:
1236:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1222:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1198:
1194:
1193:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1167:
1156:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1077:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
967:
963:
957:
953:
949:
948:
942:
941:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
880:
875:
871:
867:
866:
861:
857:
853:
847:
839:
835:
830:
825:
821:
817:
812:
807:
803:
799:
795:
788:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
747:
742:
738:
734:
730:
723:
721:
704:
698:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
653:
648:
645:(June 1992).
644:
637:
630:
626:
622:
615:
607:
603:
599:
593:
589:
585:
580:
575:
571:
564:
548:
544:
538:
524:
520:
514:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
481:
476:
472:
468:
464:
457:
455:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
415:
399:
395:
389:
387:
378:
372:
368:
364:
359:
354:
350:
349:
341:
339:
334:
324:
321:
318:
315:
312:
309:
306:
303:
300:
297:
294:
291:
288:
285:
284:
278:
276:
272:
268:
264:
261:The proposed
258:
248:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
221:
212:
210:
206:
202:
198:
197:
186:
184:
180:
176:
175:Norma Cluster
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
145:
143:
142:Norma Cluster
138:
136:
132:
128:
120:
115:
112:
111:Alan Dressler
109:was named by
108:
98:
96:
92:
91:
86:
82:
78:
74:
69:
67:
63:
58:
56:
52:
48:
44:
37:
33:
29:
21:
1196:
1191:
1183:the original
1178:
1171:Drake, Nadia
1137:
1133:
1080:
1074:
1030:
1026:
978:
974:
946:
869:
863:
846:
801:
797:
787:
736:
732:
707:. Retrieved
697:
656:
650:
636:
628:
625:the original
614:
569:
563:
551:. Retrieved
537:
526:. Retrieved
522:
513:
470:
466:
431:(3): 46–55.
428:
424:
414:
402:. Retrieved
397:
347:
260:
226:
200:
194:
192:
153:(47–79
151:
139:
121:at about 600
116:
106:
104:
89:
70:
59:
42:
40:
1245:Outer space
1033:: 519–526.
1019:Dressler A.
659:: 494–501.
299:Dark matter
183:radio waves
131:Local Group
85:Hubble flow
75:across the
73:light-years
36:ESO 137-002
1255:Categories
709:24 October
553:24 October
528:2022-03-14
330:References
227:A massive
215:Norma Wall
81:redshifted
1221:Astronomy
1121:Q59093661
1105:1476-4687
1063:Q68831133
1055:2041-8205
1011:Q68868628
1003:2041-8205
928:Q28314882
920:205240232
904:1476-4687
879:1409.0880
838:0035-8711
811:0706.2227
771:0004-6256
689:Q55968841
681:0004-637X
574:CiteSeerX
505:0370-1573
437:0036-8733
293:Dark flow
159:Milky Way
55:Milky Way
1199:(video).
1117:Wikidata
1059:Wikidata
1021:(1988).
1007:Wikidata
924:Wikidata
912:25186900
685:Wikidata
606:14507443
445:24979477
281:See also
148:Location
77:universe
1207:Portals
1142:Bibcode
1140:: L59.
1113:4354365
1085:Bibcode
1035:Bibcode
983:Bibcode
981:: 5–8.
884:Bibcode
816:Bibcode
779:5930404
751:Bibcode
661:Bibcode
485:Bibcode
404:24 June
233:Pavo II
101:History
1119:
1111:
1103:
1076:Nature
1061:
1053:
1009:
1001:
958:
926:
918:
910:
902:
865:Nature
836:
777:
769:
687:
679:
604:
594:
576:
503:
443:
435:
373:
123:
1233:Stars
1197:Vimeo
1109:S2CID
916:S2CID
874:arXiv
806:arXiv
775:S2CID
741:arXiv
602:S2CID
475:arXiv
441:JSTOR
353:arXiv
267:Virgo
237:Norma
167:Norma
1101:ISSN
1051:ISSN
999:ISSN
956:ISBN
908:PMID
900:ISSN
834:ISSN
767:ISSN
711:2020
677:ISSN
592:ISBN
555:2020
547:NASA
501:ISSN
433:ISSN
406:2018
371:ISBN
269:and
243:and
105:The
41:The
1150:doi
1138:334
1093:doi
1081:342
1043:doi
1031:329
991:doi
979:389
892:doi
870:513
824:doi
802:383
759:doi
737:133
669:doi
657:391
584:doi
493:doi
471:261
429:257
363:doi
155:Mpc
1257::
1195:.
1177:.
1148:.
1136:.
1132:.
1115:.
1107:.
1099:.
1091:.
1079:.
1057:.
1049:.
1041:.
1029:.
1025:.
1005:.
997:.
989:.
977:.
973:.
922:.
914:.
906:.
898:.
890:.
882:.
868:.
854:;
832:.
822:.
814:.
800:.
796:.
773:.
765:.
757:.
749:.
735:.
731:.
719:^
683:.
675:.
667:.
655:.
649:.
600:.
590:.
582:.
545:.
521:.
499:.
491:.
483:.
469:.
465:.
453:^
439:.
427:.
423:.
396:.
385:^
369:.
361:.
337:^
239:,
235:,
211:.
185:.
97:.
1209::
1158:.
1152::
1144::
1123:.
1095::
1087::
1065:.
1045::
1037::
1013:.
993::
985::
964:.
930:.
894::
886::
876::
840:.
826::
818::
808::
781:.
761::
753::
743::
713:.
691:.
671::
663::
608:.
586::
557:.
531:.
507:.
495::
487::
477::
447:.
408:.
379:.
365::
355::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
