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80:(also known as wild man of the woods, or woodwose). By at least the 16th century the term "green man" was used in England for a man who was covered in leaves, foliage including moss as part of a pageant, parade or ritual, who often was the whiffler (a person who clears a path or space through the crowd for a parade or performance). From the 17th century such figures were used for the names of
218:
journal of March 1939. This association ultimately helped consolidate the belief that the Green Man was a genuine, Medieval folkloric, figure. Raglan's idea that the Green Man is a mythological figure has been described as "bunk", with other folklorists arguing that it is simply an architectural
109:
celebrations. She proposed that the "Green Man" represented a pagan fertility figure. The idea has been contested by other folklorists, who assert that Lady Raglan had no evidence that the foliate head motif or other concepts she associated with it were pagan in nature.
251:. Within many of these depictions, the Green Man figure absorbs and supplants a variety of other wild men and gods, in particular those which are associated with a seasonal death and rebirth. The Rotherweird Trilogy by
321:
Others include Jane
Brideson, Australian artist Marjorie Bussey, American artist Monica Richards, and English fantasy artist Peter Pracownik, whose artwork has appeared in several media, including full-body tattoos.
211:
During the post-war era literary scholars interpreted the Green Knight as being a literary representation of Lady Raglan's Green Man as described in her article "The Green Man in Church
Architecture", published in
222:
In the final years of the 20th century and earliest of the 21st, the appearance of the Green Man proliferated in children's literature. Examples of such novels in which the Green Man is a central character are
325:
American artist Rob Juszak took the theme of the Green Man as Earth's spiritual protector and turned it into a vision of the Green Man cradling the planet; Dorothy Bowen created a kimono silk painting, titled
336:
408:
447:
373:
628:
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The Green Man image made a resurgence in modern times, with artists from around the world interweaving the imagery into various modes of work. English artist Paul Sivell created the
428:
608:
354:
1093:
Green Man
Resurrected: An Examination of the Underlying Meanings and Messages of the Re-Emergence of the Ancient Image of the Green Man in Contemporary, Western, Visual Culture
690:
208:(1592, printed 1600), the character commenting upon the action remarks, after the exit of "Satyrs and wood-Nymphs", "The rest of the green men have reasonable voices ".
76:
in
England, and sometimes elsewhere, the figure of a man dressed in a foliage costume, and usually carrying a club, was a variant of the broader European motif of the
592:
317:
in
Birmingham, UK as of 2006 the largest free-standing sculpture of the Green Man in the world; and sculptor M. J. Anderson created the marble sculpture titled
101:
artistic motif of medieval church architecture (which she also called the "Green Man") with other "green"-related concepts, such as the "Green Man" pubs, the
650:
674:
255:
draws heavily on the concept of the Green Man, embodied by the gardener Hayman Salt who is transformed into the Green Man at the climax of the first book.
281:
The character Uncle Mike in the Mercy
Thompson series by Patricia Briggs is referred to as Green Man by the Welsh character Samuel Cornick in book 3.
392:
771:
1226:
560:
710:
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88:
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270:. The Green Men (including a suffragist irritated by the name) and their powers figure significantly in K. J. Charles's novel
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1195:
195:, belonging to a pre-Christian world which seems antagonistic to, but is in the end harmonious with, the Christian one. In
2063:
1259:
17:
905:
319:
Green Man as
Original Coastal Aboriginal Man of All Time from Whence the Bush and All of Nature Sprouts from his Fingers.
204:
2147:
1176:
1025:
991:
1219:
1148:
1069:
499:
2224:
187:
966:
Araneo, Phyllis. 2008. The
Archetypal, Twenty First Century Resurrection of the Ancient Image of the Green Man.
293:, a wood carving in a dead section of a living oak tree; David Eveleigh, an English garden designer created the
2219:
1757:
1900:
2122:
50:
1624:
1609:
1212:
252:
2257:
1320:
983:
Haunted: On Ghosts, Witches, Vampires, Zombies, and Other
Monsters of the Natural and Supernatural Worlds
175:
Haunted: On Ghosts, Witches, Vampires, Zombies, and Other
Monsters of the Natural and Supernatural Worlds
1513:
1351:
1091:
125:. The nature of the Green Man as a mythological figure has been described as "20th-century folklore".
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by Australian artist Graham Wilson; his reinterpretations incorporate native Australian flora.
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1017:
The Land of the Green Man: A Journey Through the Supernatural Landscapes of the British Isles
567:
244:
170:
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615:
8:
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191:. The Green Knight in this poem serves as both a monster antagonist and as mentor to Sir
137:
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54:
2016:
1920:
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The Green Man has been asserted by some authors to be a recurring theme in literature.
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93:
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1300:
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1172:
1144:
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1021:
987:
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528:
515:, the Green Man is used as a symbol of seasonal renewal and ecological awareness. In
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152:
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Pagan Themes in Modern Children's Fiction: Green Man, Shamanism, Earth Mysteries
1833:
1704:
1636:
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Lady Raglan's idea of the "Green Man" was adopted from the 1960s onward by the
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1996:
1941:
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1096:(MCA thesis). Queensland, Australia.: University of the Sunshine Coast.
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1991:
1956:
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305:( as of 2006 the largest depiction of a Green Man image in the world);
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2006:
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31:
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An interpretation of the Green Man and related folklore such as the
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2011:
1981:
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761:
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are associated with a Green Man, as is that of the Green Knight in
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2001:
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1986:
1976:
1966:
1951:
1946:
1875:
519:, the Green Man has often been used as a representation of the
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200:
192:
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movements, and some authors have considered it to represent a
2182:
2036:
1961:
1915:
1714:
1674:
552:
516:
302:
298:
2041:
1910:
936:"Is the Green Man British Enough for the Royal Coronation?"
475:
inspired characters and motifs in Alex Garland's 2022 film
454:
1141:
The Mythic Forest, the Green Man and the Spirit of Nature
751:
330:, as an expression of the feminine aspect of the legend.
81:
1041:
1039:
1037:
598:
One of more than 110 Green Men carvings in 15th-century
382:
sculpture (1999) by Lydia Karpinska. On public view in
1117:
640:
in courtyard of the Broletto (the old Province Hall),
527:
deity that incorporates aspects of, among others, the
414:
A modern garden ornament. Stonecarving by Pat Austin,
1034:
461:by Australian artist Graham Wilson (21st century)
30:For architectural motif of the foliate head, see
2244:
1085:
1083:
1081:
696:Illustration of the sign which hung outside a
1220:
906:"The Remarkable Persistence of the Green Man"
551:Fountain found in Campo San Giacomo, Venice,
1078:
486:Dramatised combat between the Green Man and
65:is a term with a variety of connotations in
903:
367:at the Custard Factory, Birmingham, England
1227:
1213:
1013:
859:
837:"What Was the Green Man? | Folklife Today"
258:The Green Man is an integral character in
159:
1185:
1123:
1045:
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493:
481:
146:
127:
36:
1234:
1166:
1057:
860:Centerwall, Brandon S. (January 1997).
14:
2245:
1135:
1089:
986:. Yale University Press. p. 277.
979:
834:
1208:
904:Livingstone, Josephine (2016-03-07).
899:
897:
895:
2064:Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches
929:
927:
925:
490:at a community festival in Yorkshire
266:, which was longlisted for the 2019
24:
2148:Left-hand path and right-hand path
892:
684:(late 19th or early 20th century?)
506:
274:(2017), which was nominated for a
132:The Great Dish, or Great Plate of
91:, wrote an article in the journal
25:
2269:
1143:. New York: Algora. p. 103.
922:
295:Penpont Green Man Millennium Maze
155:churchyard in Devon showing skull
1803:Spellwork / Incantation
1275:
1190:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
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627:
607:
591:
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427:
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205:Summer's Last Will and Testament
84:, and painted on their signs.
2225:Witchcraft Research Association
1129:
1108:
716:Carving at entrance to Schloß,
453:A Green Man with the body of a
188:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
2220:Museum of Witchcraft and Magic
1632:Holly King / Oak King
1114:The Birmingham Post, June 2002
1051:
1007:
973:
960:
934:Olmstead, Molly (2023-04-08).
853:
835:Winick, Stephen (2021-02-17).
828:
13:
1:
1014:Larrington, Carolyne (2015).
878:10.1080/0015587X.1997.9715933
164:
51:Great Portland Street Station
2253:European folklore characters
2123:List of Wiccan organisations
980:Braudy, Leo (Oct 25, 2016).
822:
402:, woodcarving by Paul Sivell
284:
177:asserts that the figures of
7:
1321:Chthonioi Alexandrian Wicca
1171:. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer.
1167:Basford, Kathleen (1998) .
1020:. I.B.Tauris. p. 227.
862:"The Name of the Green Man"
725:
622:, Spain (17th–18th century)
582:Engraving of foliate head,
89:Julia Somerset, Lady Raglan
10:
2274:
1352:Church and School of Wicca
1273:
968:Journal of Futures Studies
772:The Green Man of Knowledge
656:Green Man painted on 1867
537:
29:
2115:
2071:The Meaning of Witchcraft
2055:
1929:
1853:
1748:
1645:
1602:
1419:
1334:
1291:
1284:
1242:
1670:Wiccan views of divinity
1407:Universal Eclectic Wicca
1186:Bramwell, Peter (2009).
1102:10.4227/39/596566fcfaf95
1090:Araneo, Phyllis (2006).
2153:Cunning folk in Britain
1058:Charles, K. J. (2017).
841:The Library of Congress
782:Holly King and Oak King
747:Clun Green Man Festival
644:, Italy (17th century?)
466:
434:Green Man's face on an
249:The Stones are Hatching
160:Popular, modern culture
1937:Magical tools in Wicca
1509:Ipsita Roy Chakraverti
802:List of nature deities
680:Architectural detail,
503:
498:Costumed performer at
491:
156:
144:
58:
2143:Witch-cult hypothesis
2099:Charge of the Goddess
1840:Solitary practitioner
1758:Drawing down the Moon
1539:Cerridwen Fallingstar
1260:Wicca and LGBT people
568:Villard de Honnecourt
497:
485:
313:created the 12m-tall
245:Geraldine McCaughrean
150:
131:
40:
1316:Central Valley Wicca
400:Whitefield Green Man
291:Whitefield Green Man
69:and related fields.
18:Green man (folklore)
2164:Malleus Maleficarum
2158:European witchcraft
2138:Neopagan witchcraft
1293:British Traditional
1236:Neopagan witchcraft
534:and the Greek Pan.
233:Joining the Rainbow
138:Mildenhall Treasure
97:that connected the
74:early modern period
55:City of Westminster
2258:Wiccan terminology
2179:Magical alphabets
2128:Bricket Wood coven
2106:Enchanted Feminism
1499:Zsuzsanna Budapest
1255:Etymology of Wicca
614:Foliate mask from
504:
492:
157:
145:
59:
2240:
2239:
1861:Wheel of the Year
1514:Patricia Crowther
1415:
1414:
1301:Alexandrian Wicca
1266:Dettmer v. Landon
1197:978-0-230-21839-0
1061:The Spectred Isle
792:Jack in the Green
584:Hans Sebald Beham
500:Scarborough Faire
272:The Spectred Isle
123:Jungian archetype
103:Jack in the Green
16:(Redirected from
2265:
2210:Witches' Sabbath
2133:New Forest coven
2092:Witchcraft Today
2078:The Spiral Dance
1625:Spirit of nature
1584:Silver RavenWolf
1529:Scott Cunningham
1519:Vivianne Crowley
1489:Raymond Buckland
1357:Cochrane's Craft
1326:Gardnerian Wicca
1289:
1288:
1279:
1250:History of Wicca
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682:Portland, Oregon
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253:Andrew Caldecott
105:folk custom and
41:The sign of the
27:Term in folklore
21:
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2215:Flying ointment
2111:
2085:What Witches Do
2051:
1972:Book of Shadows
1925:
1849:
1828:Rite of passage
1793:Herbal medicine
1750:
1744:
1655:Wiccan morality
1647:
1641:
1598:
1579:Rosaleen Norton
1574:Frederic Lamond
1569:Philip Heselton
1524:Robert Cochrane
1504:Charles Cardell
1494:Eddie Buczynski
1464:Victor Anderson
1434:Doreen Valiente
1421:
1411:
1330:
1311:Blue Star Wicca
1280:
1271:
1238:
1233:
1198:
1179:
1163:
1158:
1151:
1137:Varner, Gary R.
1134:
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507:Modern paganism
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2047:Witch's ladder
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2024:
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2014:
2009:
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1999:
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1992:Chalice/Goblet
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1834:Eko Eko Azarak
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1705:The Summerland
1702:
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1677:
1672:
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1662:
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1640:
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1637:Mother goddess
1634:
1629:
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1617:
1612:
1610:Triple Goddess
1606:
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1599:
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1554:Raven Grimassi
1551:
1549:Stewart Farrar
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1541:
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1534:Phyllis Curott
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1444:Maxine Sanders
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1429:Gerald Gardner
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1417:
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1410:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1387:Odyssean Wicca
1384:
1382:Georgian Wicca
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1342:1734 Tradition
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1178:978-0859914970
1177:
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1159:
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1149:
1128:
1116:
1107:
1077:
1070:
1050:
1033:
1027:978-1780769912
1026:
1006:
993:978-0300224726
992:
972:
970:13 (1): 43–64.
959:
921:
910:The New Yorker
891:
872:(1–2): 25–33.
852:
826:
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819:
814:
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804:
799:
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789:
784:
779:
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769:
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757:Flower Pot Men
754:
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739:
734:
732:Apple Tree Man
727:
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706:
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616:Casa de Arizón
613:
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600:Rosslyn Chapel
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422:(20th century)
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227:'s 1997 works
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151:Grave slab in
142:British Museum
26:
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2200:Witching hour
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2015:
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1930:Paraphernalia
1928:
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1799:
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1789:
1788:Cone of power
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1778:Fivefold kiss
1776:
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1713:
1711:
1710:Reincarnation
1708:
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1691:
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1666:
1665:Rule of Three
1663:
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1594:Joseph Wilson
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1484:Jack Bracelin
1482:
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1362:Coven of Atho
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1199:
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1169:The Green Man
1165:
1164:
1161:Sources cited
1152:
1150:9780875864358
1146:
1142:
1138:
1132:
1126:, p. 53.
1125:
1124:Bramwell 2009
1120:
1111:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1094:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1073:
1071:9780995799073
1067:
1064:. KJC Books.
1063:
1062:
1054:
1048:, p. 59.
1047:
1046:Bramwell 2009
1042:
1040:
1038:
1029:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1010:
995:
989:
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871:
867:
863:
856:
842:
838:
831:
827:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
807:Sheela na Gig
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
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778:
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773:
770:
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748:
745:
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738:
735:
733:
730:
729:
719:
712:
707:
703:
702:Covent Garden
699:
692:
687:
683:
676:
671:
667:
663:
659:
652:
647:
643:
639:
636:
630:
625:
621:
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610:
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601:
594:
589:
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578:
573:
569:
562:
557:
554:
547:
542:
541:
535:
533:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
513:modern pagans
501:
496:
489:
484:
480:
478:
474:
473:Sheela na gig
460:
456:
449:
444:
441:
437:
430:
425:
421:
418:Rose Garden,
417:
410:
405:
401:
394:
389:
385:
381:
375:
370:
366:
362:
361:The Green Man
356:
351:
347:
345:
338:
333:
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331:
329:
323:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
282:
279:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
256:
254:
250:
246:
242:
241:The Green Man
238:
234:
230:
229:The Green Man
226:
220:
217:
216:
209:
207:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
189:
184:
180:
176:
172:
154:
149:
143:
140:, now in the
139:
135:
130:
126:
124:
120:
116:
111:
108:
104:
100:
96:
95:
90:
85:
83:
79:
75:
70:
68:
64:
56:
52:
48:
44:
39:
33:
19:
2231:Fluffy Bunny
2175:Cunning folk
2170:Granny woman
2162:
2104:
2097:
2090:
2083:
2076:
2069:
2062:
1845:Spiral dance
1832:
1783:Magic circle
1564:Yvonne Frost
1544:Janet Farrar
1459:Margot Adler
1439:Alex Sanders
1367:Dianic Wicca
1347:Celtic Wicca
1306:Algard Wicca
1264:
1187:
1168:
1140:
1131:
1119:
1110:
1092:
1060:
1053:
1016:
1009:
999:28 September
997:. Retrieved
982:
975:
967:
962:
951:. Retrieved
939:
913:. Retrieved
909:
869:
865:
855:
844:. Retrieved
840:
830:
704:in the 1970s
698:public house
658:neoclassical
566:Sketches by
510:
470:
458:
416:David Austin
399:
379:
363:by sculptor
360:
342:
327:
324:
318:
314:
294:
290:
288:
280:
271:
268:Booker Prize
263:
260:Max Porter's
257:
248:
240:
232:
228:
221:
214:
210:
203:
197:Thomas Nashe
186:
174:
168:
112:
99:foliate head
92:
86:
71:
62:
60:
1768:Handfasting
1695:White magic
1660:Wiccan Rede
1559:Gavin Frost
1479:Lois Bourne
1372:Faery Wicca
812:Three hares
767:Green Giant
459:Green Mason
237:Jane Gardam
72:During the
47:Euston Road
2247:Categories
2205:Witch-hunt
2056:Literature
2037:Tarot deck
1896:Lughnasadh
1823:Initiation
1818:Invocation
1813:Divination
1763:Great rite
1751:and ritual
1730:Watchtower
1700:Otherworld
1690:Witchcraft
1680:Craft name
1615:Horned God
1474:Gavin Bone
1449:Sybil Leek
1402:Stregheria
1392:Reclaiming
1285:Traditions
953:2023-05-07
915:2023-05-07
846:2023-06-15
787:Hunky punk
737:Blodeuwedd
602:, Scotland
521:Horned God
488:Jack Frost
436:apple tree
420:Albrighton
384:Bloomsbury
365:Toin Adams
328:Greenwoman
311:Toin Adams
276:RITA Award
225:Bel Mooney
179:Robin Hood
171:Leo Braudy
165:Literature
45:pub along
43:Greene Man
2007:Parchment
1921:Wild Hunt
1891:Midsummer
1808:Banishing
1773:Wiccaning
1620:Green Man
1397:Seax-Wica
948:1091-2339
886:0015-587X
823:Citations
777:Grotesque
720:, Germany
660:ceiling,
635:Grotesque
532:Cernunnos
525:syncretic
511:For many
386:, London.
380:Green Man
315:Green Man
309:sculptor
285:Sculpture
183:Peter Pan
136:from the
87:In 1939,
63:Green Man
32:Green Man
2032:Talisman
2012:Pentacle
1982:Cauldron
1866:Solstice
1854:Holidays
1735:Familiar
1725:Summoner
1648:concepts
1589:Starhawk
1139:(2006).
866:Folklore
817:Wild Man
762:Gargoyle
742:Burryman
726:See also
718:Tübingen
638:mascaron
570:, c.1230
440:Nuthurst
247:'s 1998
239:'s 1998
215:Folklore
153:Shebbear
119:Neopagan
94:Folklore
78:Wild Man
67:folklore
2116:Related
2022:Scourge
2002:Incense
1977:Candles
1906:Samhain
1886:Beltane
1871:Equinox
1798:Scrying
1740:Animism
1720:Skyclad
1603:Deities
1469:Artemis
1422:figures
1420:Notable
1243:History
797:Krampus
666:Halifax
642:Brescia
538:Gallery
344:Banksia
307:Zambian
219:motif.
134:Bacchus
115:New Age
107:May Day
53:in the
2193:Hebrew
2188:Theban
2027:Statue
1987:Censer
1967:Boline
1952:Athame
1947:Amulet
1881:Ostara
1876:Imbolc
1194:
1175:
1147:
1068:
1024:
990:
946:
884:
586:, 1543
529:Celtic
502:(2007)
262:novel
243:, and
201:masque
193:Gawain
2183:Runes
2017:Runes
1962:Besom
1942:Altar
1916:Esbat
1901:Mabon
1749:Rites
1715:Karma
1685:Magic
1675:Coven
1335:Other
940:Slate
620:Cádiz
618:near
553:Italy
517:Wicca
303:Wales
299:Powys
297:, in
264:Lanny
49:near
2042:Wand
1997:Horn
1957:Bell
1911:Yule
1454:Dafo
1377:Feri
1192:ISBN
1173:ISBN
1145:ISBN
1066:ISBN
1022:ISBN
1001:2017
988:ISBN
944:ISSN
882:ISSN
668:, UK
523:, a
467:Film
455:faun
398:The
231:and
181:and
117:and
82:pubs
61:The
1646:Key
1098:doi
874:doi
870:108
752:Ent
700:in
477:Men
346:Man
199:'s
2249::
1080:^
1036:^
942:.
938:.
924:^
908:.
894:^
880:.
868:.
864:.
839:.
664:,
457::
438:,
301:,
278:.
235:,
2233:"
2229:"
1228:e
1221:t
1214:v
1200:.
1181:.
1153:.
1104:.
1100::
1074:.
1030:.
1003:.
956:.
918:.
888:.
876::
849:.
479:.
57:.
34:.
20:)
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