2245:
unknown creature by its features: body like a mammal but head with raptor's beak, dwelling in
Eastern deserts on way to gold deposits, lays eggs in nest on the ground. No living animal has these characteristics, but some dinosaurs had all of these features, leading to the question of whether ancient nomads who first told Greeks about griffins could have observed fossil skeletons of beaked dinosaurs and nests with eggs. Traffic went both ways on the ancient trade routes; this means that tales related to strange creatures with four legs and beaks, and nests and eggs on the ground, were recounted by traders and gold seekers traveling west from China, and transmitted to the Greco-Roman world through translators. On their way to the gold-dust-bearing gullies of the Altai ("Gold") Mountains and Tien Shan gold belts, travelers from the east would pass through the Gobi and then arrive in Issedonian territory (Issedon Serica and Issedon Scythica, desert stations where the griffin was first described to Greeks), having observed or heard garbled descriptions of strange beaked quadrupeds east of those points.
3270:
1350:
2420:
2199:
652:
1342:
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1694:
2881:
5852:
Indian artists, when they represent the Sun, yoke four of them abreast to draw the images ; and in size and strength they resemble lions, but having this advantage over them that they have wings, they will attack them, and they get the better of elephants and of dragons. But they have no great power of flying, not more than have birds of short flight; for they are not winged as is proper with birds, but the palms of their feet are webbed with red membranes, such that they are able to revolve them, and make a flight and fight in the air; and the tiger alone is beyond their powers of attack, because in swiftness it rivals the winds".
1496:
1969:
1682:
2103:
533:
2865:
3286:
1989:
669:
2122:
be on this half, and more great and stronger than an hundred eagles such as we have amongst us. For one griffin there will bear, flying to his nest, a great horse, if he may find him at the point, or two oxen yoked together as they go at the plough. For he hath his talons so long and so large and great upon his feet, as though they were horns of great oxen or of bugles or of kine, so that men make cups of them to drink of. And of their ribs and of the pens of their wings, men make bows, full strong, to shoot with arrows and quarrels.
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48:
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74:
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251:
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1735:
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570:
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1358:
1255:, d. 235 AD) added certain other embellishments, such as its reputation of "black plumage on its back with a red chest and white wings". Aelian was the last source on the griffin to add fresh information on the griffin, and late writers (into medieval times) merely rehashed existing material on griffins, with the exception of the lore about their "agate eggs" which emerged at some indistinct time later on (cf. infra).
317:
2253:
away) may have been rendered as large mammal-type external ears, and its beak may be treated as evidence of a part-bird nature and led to stylized wings being added to accord with the creature's avian-like attributes.The narrow, elongated scapula of beaked dinosaurs resembles that of birds and this avian feature may have suggested to ancient observers that the creature had wings.
1247:.. so impassable that, in addition, they prevent those who deliberately travel here from seeing anything. After that comes a region of very rich soil but quite uninhabitable because griffins, a savage and tenacious breed of wild beasts, love.. the gold that is mined from deep within the earth there, and because they guard it with an amazing hostility to those who set foot there.
913:
998:, etc., cf. fig. right). Early Greek and early Etruscan (e.g. the Barberini) examples of cauldron-griffins may have been of Syric-Urartian make, based on evidence (the "tendrils" or "tresses" motif was already touched upon, above), but "Vannic (Urartian) originals" have yet to be found (in the Orient). It has thus been controversially argued (by
1033:, who engraved the image of a griffin attacking a horse. Other Scythian artifacts show griffins attacking horses, stags, and goats. Griffins are typically shown attacking horses, deer, and humans in Greek art. Nomads were said to steal griffin-guarded gold according to Scythian oral traditions reported by Greek and Roman travelers.
2265:
fossils in
Scythia. They further argue that the anatomies of griffins in Greek art are clearly based on those of living creatures, especially lions and eagles, and that there are no features of griffins in Greek art that can only be explained by the hypothesis that the griffins were based on fossils.
2252:
and other fossils, seen by ancient observers, may have been interpreted as evidence of a half-bird-half-mammal creature. She argues that repeated oral descriptions and artistic attempts to illustrate a bony neck frill (which is rather fragile and may have been frequently broken or entirely weathered
2121:
In that country be many griffins, more plenty than in any other country. Some men say that they have the body upward as an eagle and beneath as a lion; and truly they say sooth, that they be of that shape. But one griffin hath the body more great and is more strong than eight lions, of such lions as
176:
Because the lion was traditionally considered the king of the beasts, and the eagle the king of the birds, by the Middle Ages, the griffin was thought to be an especially powerful and majestic creature. Since classical antiquity, griffins were known for guarding treasures and priceless possessions.
1571:
By the 12th century, the appearance of the griffin was substantially fixed: "All its bodily members are like a lion's, but its wings and mask are like an eagle's." It is not yet clear if its forelimbs are those of an eagle or of a lion. Although the description implies the latter, the accompanying
1168:
people neighboring region to the
Arimaspi, in the northern extremes (of Central Asia). Aeschylus also concurs that the Arimaspi robbed the gold which the griffins collected from various areas in the periphery (presumably including the Armaspi's territorial stream, the stream of Pluto "rolling with
748:
that succeeded Sumer, early examples (from early 3rd millennium BC) of lions with bird heads appeared on cylinder seals, shown pulling the chariots for its rider, the weather god. The "lion-griffin" on
Akkadian seals are also shown as fire-belching, and shaggy (at the neck) in particular examples.
590:
There may also be so-called "tendrils", or curled "spiral-locks" depicted, presumably representing either hair/mane or feather/crest locks dangling down. Single- or double-streaked tendrils hang down both sides and behind the griffin's neck, carven on some of the Greek protomes. The tendril motif
621:
says these appendages were "topknots" subsequently rendered as "knobs" in later development of the cauldron
Griffins. Benson's emphasis is that the Greeks attached a stylized "anorganic" topknot or an "inorganic" plug on the griffin's head (due to lack of information), while in contrast, a known
5851:
As to the gold which the griffins dig up, there are rocks which are spotted with drops of gold as with sparks, which this creature can quarry because of the strength of its beak. "For these animals do exist in India" he said, "and are held in veneration as being sacred to the Sun ; and the
772:
maintains the position that
Luristan examples must be counted as developments of the "lion-griffin" type, even when it exhibits "stylization .. approaching the beak of a bird". The Luristan griffin-like creatures resemble and perhaps are descended from Assyrian creatures, possibly influenced by
5122:, p. 110: "The immediate source of non-Mesopotamian motives in Assyrian art is the kingdom of Mitan"; "The griffin is as common in Mitannian (Figs. 21, 22) as in Assyrian art, and the question arises whether it was peculiar to the ephemereal kingdom, or reached it from one of the sources".
2244:
descriptions of griffins as real animals of Asia in a lost work by
Aristeas (referenced by Herodotus, ca. 450 BC) and ending with Aelian (3rd century AD), the last ancient author to report any "new" details about the griffin. Mayor took a paleo-cryptozoological approach, trying to identify the
1529:
There is said to be a legend that a griffin's claw was made into a cup and dedicated to
Cuthbert. As a matter of fact, griffin claws were frequently fashioned into goblets (drinking cups) in medieval Europe, and specific examples can be given, such as Charlemagne's griffin-claw drinking horn,
1619:
10), as the tale incorporates the song in
Italian, supposedly sung by the bones of the murdered finder of the feather). It may not be a griffin's feather but another kind of avian plumage (peacock feather) that remedies blindness in other Italian variants of this folktale type.
5875:
And the griffins of the
Indians and the ants of the Ethiopians, though they are dissimilar in form, yet, from what we hear, play similar parts; for in each country they are, according to the tales of poets, the guardians of gold, and devoted to the gold reefs of the two
206:
wrote that griffins did not have true bird wings, but only membranous webbed feet that only gave them capability of short-distanced flight. Writers after Aelian (3rd century AD) did not add new material to griffin lore, except for the later lore that griffins deposited
2483:
1199:, India, and this has been interpreted by modern scholars as "doublets or garbled versions" of the lore of gold-hoarding griffins. It appears that the accounts of griffins given by Pliny had been admixed with the lore of these gold-guarding ants of India, and later
1233:, who was nearly coeval with Pliny, gave a somewhat unique account of the griffin, claiming them to be lion-sized, and having no true wings, and instead had paws "webbed with red membranes", that gave them ability to makes leaps of flight of only a short distance.
2099:, after Dante and Virgil's journey through Hell and Purgatory has concluded, Dante meets a chariot dragged by a griffin in Earthly Paradise. Immediately afterwards, Dante is reunited with Beatrice. Dante and Beatrice then start their journey through Paradise.
2260:
has contested this hypothesis. Witton and Richard A. Hing argue that it ignores the existence of depictions of hybrid creatures bird's heads on mammal bodies throughout the Near East dating to long before the time when Mayor posits the Greeks became aware of
1507:
Alleged griffin's claws, eggs, and feathers were held as valuable objects, but actually derived from exotic animals, etc. The eggs were often ostrich eggs, or in rare cases, fossilized dinosaur eggs. The feather is a piece of forgery, an object crafted from
5827:, pp. 40, 42 : "Pliny wrote: 'Arimaspeans... are always fighting for gold with the griffins, winged animals whose appearance is well known. The griffins toss up gold when they make their burrows.'" and n11, citing 11. Pliny the Elder 10.70.136; 7.2.10
5039:
Fishbane's example from early 3rd millennium BC is a four-wheeled chariot, citing Pritchard. There is another four-wheeled chariot which generally match the description, held by the Morgan Library (shelfmark Morgan Seal 220), dated to between 2340 and 2150
4173:
4143:
982:, but the animal called the gryps, gryphon, or griffin in Greek writings did not appear in Greek art until about 700 BC, or rather, it was "rediscovered" as artistic motif in the 8th to 7th centuries BC, adapting the style of griffin current in
374:
606:, figure right) also bear the "curled tresses" that are the signature of Uratrian workmanship. Even the ornate crests on Minoan griffins (such as the fresco of the Throne Room, figure top of page) may be a development of these curled tresses.
4501:
as "Crusher", which is consistent with one of Leibovitch's several glosses.<!!-- But David note 8 indicates the source to be Newberry 1893b (Beni Hasan II), Pl. 16, which probably should by Griffith & Newberry (El-Bersheh II)0, Pl.
560:
The griffin of Greece, as depicted in cast bronze cauldron protomes (cf. below), has a squat face with short beaks that are open agape as if screaming, with the tongue showing. There is also a "top-knob" on its head or between the brows.
1439:
The idea that griffins hated horses can be explained as an offshoot of the lore that griffins had their gold stolen by horseback-riding Arimaspians. The griffin were already being depicted attacking the horse in ancient art, as on the
2239:
observed on the way to gold deposits by nomadic prospectors of ancient Scythia (Central Asia). This speculation is based on Greek and Latin literary sources and related artworks in a specific time frame, beginning with the first
3602:
While Maxwell-Hyslop, thought early griffin protomes were made in the east, she regarded later Etruscan examples as being made locally, imitating the Eastern originals, but such "Vannic (Urartrians) originals" are yet to be
3269:
196:(mid 5th century BC), but the physical descriptions are not very explicit. Thus even though they are sharp-beaked, their being likened to "unbarking hounds of Zeus" has led to the speculation they were seen as wingless.
1575:
Griffins also appear on a wide range of medieval luxury objects, such as textiles, and in these contexts are part of a shared visual language deployed by artisans in the Byzantine, western medieval, and Islamic worlds.
2755:
was adopted during the university's centennial in 1969. The seal, approved by the Board of Trustees, was designed by Prof. Al Gowan, formerly at Purdue. It replaced an unofficial one that had been in use for 73 years.
796:. Russian jewelry historian Elena Neva maintained that the Achaemenids considered the griffin "a protector from evil, witchcraft, and secret slander", but no writings exist from Achaemenid Persia to support her claim.
3319:
591:
emerged at the beginning of the first millennium, BC., in various parts of the Orient. The "double spiral of hair running downwards from the base of the ear" is said to be a hallmark of Iranian (Uratrian) art. The
2266:
they note that Greek accounts of griffins describe them as living creatures, not ancient skeletons, and that some of the details of these accounts suggest griffins are purely imaginary, not inspired by fossils.
1534:
and now housed in the Bibliothèque Nationale, is a drinking cup made of a bovine horn. Additional ornamentation were attached to it, such as a gilt copper leg for it to stand on, realistically resembling the
2717:. The college's debating society is known as the Gryphon, and the notes of its master emeritus show it to be one of the oldest debating institutions in the country, significantly older than the more famous
389:, which is generally regarded as a mythological bird (rather than a composite) in later medieval Persian literature, though some argue that this bird may have originated from the Mesopotamian lion-griffin.
3734:
Mayor's reasoning being that Aeschylus elsewhere refers to eagles as "winged dogs of Zeus". However this seems contradictory to Apollonius being able to refer to winged harpies as "Zeus' dogs", as noted
3637:
Benson thinks using a simplified "plug" shape was the Greek "solution" to the problem of not knowing exactly what 3-dimensional shape to use, having only access to 2-dimensional renderings from the East.
1522:
is said to have obtained claw and egg: two claws and two eggs were registered in the 1383 inventory of the saint's shrine, but the two-feet claws that still remain on display have been identified as
4121:
3505:
The "š" glyph seems to be 𓈚 rathe than 𓈙 and are thus superposed in Leibovitch's inline text; however the glyps are juxtaposed and seemingly the plain bar "š" is used on his Fig. 5 line sketch.
634:
A cluster of "warts" between the eyes are also mentioned. One conjecture is that these derive from the bumps (furrows) on a lion's snout. Another view regards the wart as deriving from the bumpy
544:, although in some older illustrations griffins have a lion's forelegs (see bronze figure, right); they generally have a lion's hindquarters. Its eagle's head is conventionally given prominent
3540:
The example on figure right is the broken off head, and it is not certain whether the paired spiral-locks ran down its neck, as in other examples of griffin protomes from Olympia (Jantzen,
4865:, p. 321: "wart-like protuberances between the eyes..natural property of the lion". An example from the east is given as Fig. 10: "Lion-griffin. Middle Assyrian (after Corpus 596)".
369:
7096:
2223:, a classical folklorist and historian of science, has speculated that the way the Greeks imagined griffins from the seventh century BC onwards may have been influenced in part by the
2020:
origin. It is the largest bronze medieval Islamic sculpture known, at over 3 feet tall (42.5 inches, or 1.08 m), and was probably created in the 11th century AD in
237:(7th century AD) wrote that griffins were a great enemy of horses. This notion may have readily developed from the tradition that horseback-riding Arimaspians raided the griffin gold.
1785:. This distinction is not found outside of British heraldry; even within it, male griffins are much rarer than winged ones, which are not given a specific name. One example is
3115:
2828:
in San Francisco, CA was chosen by the student body by popular vote to be the griffin after the Golden Gate University Griffins, where they operated out of from 1997 to 2000.
986:
art. It became quite popular in the 6th and 5th centuries BC, when the Greeks first began to record accounts of the "gryps" creature from travelers to Asia, such as
1749:
Griffins in heraldry are usually portrayed with the rear body of a lion, an eagle's head with erect ears, a feathered breast, and the forelegs of an eagle, including claws.
1009:) that these attachments had always since the earliest times been crafted by Greek workshops, added to the plain cauldrons imported from the Near East. Detractors (notably
1424:
Mountains. In every part of their body they are lions, and in wings and heads are like eagles, and they are fierce enemies of horses. Moreover they tear men to pieces".
5133:
3285:
2507:
1298:
coinage of Attica. Apollo rode a griffin to Hyperboria each winter, leaving Delphi, or so it was believed. Apollo riding griffin is known from multiple examples of
1778:
In British heraldry, a male griffin is shown without wings, its body covered in tufts of formidable spikes, with a short tusk emerging from the forehead, as for a
1013:) believe that (early examples of) the griffin-ornamented cauldron, in its entirely, were crafted in the East, though excavated finds from the Orient are scarce.
7058:
1447:
Despite Isidore passing on classical without religious connotation, the griffin, being a union of an aerial bird and a terrestrial beast, came to be regarded in
6541:
Goblets in the shape of gryphon's claws or eggs were highly prized in the courts of medieval Europe, and were usually made from antelope horns and ostrich eggs.
1316:, a griffin-themed bronze "wine-cup" or "cauldron" had been installed, according to Herodotus. The vessel was attached griffin heads around the rim (like the
1153:
of Proconnesus, a Greek who traveled to the Altai region between Mongolia and NW China in the 7th century BC. Although Aristeas's original poem was lost, the
618:
5868:
3699:
agreed with Jantzen that the protomes were always Greek, but disagreed with Jantzen on the caudron, and doubted cauldrons were separately made in the East.
1309:
Dionysus was also depicted on a griffin-chariot or mounting griffin; the motif was borrowed from the god Apollo due to "syncretism between the two gods".
4299:"Irano-Talmudica II: Leviathan, Behemoth and the 'Domestication' of Iranian Mythological Creatures in Eschatological Narratives of the Babylonian Talmud"
2502:
2443:
7903:. North Carolina Studies in Romance Languages and Literatures 33 (revised ed.). Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. pp. 122–123.
1025:, the griffin image was included in Scythian "animal style" artifacts of the 6th–4th centuries BC, but no writings explain their meaning. The
2992:
1789:, whose badge was described as featuring a "peyr keythongs". It is possible that the male griffin/keythong originated as a derivation of the heraldic
4146:; Pičikian, Igor R. (1995), Invernizzi, Antonio (ed.), "An Achaemenian griffin handle from the Temple of the Oxus: the makhaira in Northern Bactria",
3917:
3574:
1176:
to "silent hounds of Zeus" That they are called dogs or hounds here has led to the conjecture that Aeschylus considered them wingless or flightless.
596:
3335:
1215:
became the first to explicitly state the griffins as having wings and long ears. In one of the two passages, Pliny also located the "griffons" in
831:
workmanship (neither Assyrian or Scythian), though the hoard itself may have represented a Scythian burial. The animal is described as having a "
6242:
1470:
A slightly different interpretation was that the griffin symbolized the pope or papacy rather than Christ himself, as proposed by French critic
7747:
4608:(pharaoh of Fifth Dynasty of Egypt). A relief represents Sahure as an enemy-trampling griffin in the reliefs work found in his pyramid complex.
1515:
The supposed claws were often turned into drinking cups (and griffin egg artifacts were also used as goblets, according to heraldry scholars).
1947:
is another heraldic variety of griffin, which is depicted with the head and wings of an eagle, the body and legs of a lion, and the tail of a
8199:
2139:
1763:
Griffins may be shown in a variety of poses, but in British heraldry are never shown with their wings closed. Heraldic griffins use the same
999:
1349:
7457:
1879:
Infrequently, a griffin is portrayed without wings, or a wingless eagle-headed lion is identified as a griffin. In 15th-century and later
4409:
Another monster is seen just above; a lion with the head of a hawk, the wings of an eagle, and the horns and feathers of a god... called
3226:
has used the term "Griffin Eye" for its intelligence surveillance platform based on a Hawker Beechcraft King Air 35ER civilian aircraft.
2591:
1629:
6642:
Gerald Leigh, in his work on heraldry (1563), surmised from his claw that the original griffin must have been as "bigge as two lyons".
614:
One prominent characteristic of the cauldron griffins is the "top-knob between the brows" (seemingly situated at the top of the head).
7292:
3258:
version of the Bible uses griffon for a creature referred to as vulture or ossifrage in other English translations (Leviticus 11:13).
5964:, n14: "Aelian is the last literary text dealing with the griffin considered here; after his account,.. no new information about the
3889:
1157:
lore preserved in secondhand accounts by the playwright Aeschylus (ca. 460 BC), and later his contemporary, Herodotus the historian.
3121:
8152:
Wien: Herman Böhlaus, 1963. (Oesterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philologisch-historische Klasse, Sitzungberichte, 241).
7348:
4595:, p. 2 citing Leibovitch, but the words do not actually occur as names/epithets in Leibovitch's reading of the inscription: "
3708:
But "Herdotus doubted that Arimaspeans were monocular".The Scythian word "arimasp" signifies "rich in horses rather than one-eyed
8474:
7998:
Phillips, E. D. (1955). "The Legend of Aristeas: Fact and Fancy in Early Greek Notions of East Russia, Siberia, and Inner Asia".
6763:
Magical Medicine: The Folkloric Component of Medicine in the Folk Belief, Custom, and Ritual of the Peoples of Europe and America
3301:
1752:
The heraldic griffin "denote strength and military, courage and leadership", according to one source. That it became a Christian
847:
dating back to before 3000 BC. The oldest known depiction of a griffin-like animal in Egypt appears as a relief carving on
8816:
3496:
3491:
2419:
1840:
1436:
by Mela (1st century) as quoted above, while the Hyperboreans are sometimes said to dwell further north than these mountains.
9826:
9821:
6912:
6722:
4086:
3956:
3494:
3489:
3383:
2789:
3003:, but this is incorrect. This mistake has arisen because the acronym for the National Airline of Iran in Persian is "Homa".
9851:
8780:
5141:
9841:
7295:, Philadelphia Museum of Art: Benjamin Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, Glass Steel and Stone
3988:
Griffin seated l. on a fish, with rounded, feathered wing; around, magistrate's name Καλλιδαμασ; around, circle of dots.
3130:
2327:
2148:
1915:, is a heraldic variant of the griffin possessing the head and legs of the more common variant and the hindquarters of a
734:
7954:
7385:
3654:.) thought the Ziwiye griffin was a protome to a lost cauldron. Goldman thinks this unlikely, as the animal is posed in
2198:
1376:
The notion that griffins lay stones or agate instead of eggs was introduced "at some in the evolution of griffin lore".
9831:
8246:
7943:
7831:
5453:
5419:
5381:
5347:
4059:
3751:
2871:
1608:
1441:
1026:
722:(cf. fig. right) dates to the 4th millennium B.C., and is a unique example of a griffin-like animal with a male lion's
7066:
3081:
2666:
2028:
until replaced by a replica in 1832; the original is now in the Museo dell' Opera del Duomo (Cathedral Museum), Pisa.
8066:
7988:
7964:
7908:
7595:
7563:
7489:
6854:
6800:
6771:
6761:
6534:
6355:
6309:
6280:
6203:
6143:
6010:
5999:"13 Life on Earth and Death from Heaven: The Golden Pectoral of the Scythian King from the Tolstaya Mogila (Ukraine)"
5810:
4998:
4811:, p. 321: "the top-knob on the cauldron griffin is a straight-forward carryover from its oriental counterparts".
4740:
4576:
4481:
4310:
4155:
4051:
4021:
3100:
2898:
2793:
2685:
1294:
featured a statue of the god flanked by griffins, or so it can be presumed based on the representation struck on the
8077:
7232:
3786:
Apollonius also compares the griffins to gold-gathering ants, though he places the ants not in India but in Africa (
3053:
2638:
1160:
Herodotus explains (via Aristeas) that the gold-guarding griffin supposedly dwelled further north from the one-eyed
804:, from the 4th century BC, perhaps serving as an emblem of the kingdom of Macedon or a personal emblem of
7331:
6191:
1267:
but here, the identifiable attested "accounts" presented in scholarship are largely not literary, but artistic, or
3612:
In addition to the Throne Room, Goldman provides the following Mycenaean examples: the "ivory plaque of Mycenae" (
8215:
2782:
2771:
1786:
682:
7760:
Leibovitch, J. (1942). "Quelques éléments de la décoration égyptienne sous le Nouvel Empire : Le Griffon".
2767:
in April 2010. The griffin was chosen because it is the combination of the British lion and the American eagle.
8532:
7887:
7019:
6883:
5925:
5905:
3192:
mentions that he attempted to create a griffin but could not obtain the "necessary eagle eggs and lion semen".
3060:
3038:
2645:
2623:
2361:, there is a Digimon called Gryphomon who is based on the depiction of a griffin that has a snake-headed tail.
1101:
In ancient Crete, griffins became very popular, and were portrayed in various media. A similar creature is the
346:), meaning 'lion-eagle'. However, the practice of referring to ancient Iranian griffin objects or monuments as
8131:
5944:
IV , 27:"Gryphem, Indicum animal, audio similiter quadrupedem, ut leonem,.." Quoted in English translation by
5505:, p. 326: "the griffin-headed bird appears in the orientalizing phase of seventh century B.C. Greek art".
2512:(1915–1993), was adopted as the official symbol of the city of Heraklion on 22 March 1961 (cf. figure right).
9846:
9793:
5998:
5837:
5802:
5788:
5015:"Worshiper pouring libation before goddess standing on lion-griffin that draws chariot driven by weather god"
4177:
3847:
The design of the griffin is a mock-up of Minoan art, but the inscription language is archaicized Greek, not
3564:
3311:
2411:("golden griffon"), and the school house named after him uses the symbol of a Griffin as their house mascot.
1952:
1923:. Sea-griffins are present on the arms of a number of German noble families, including the Mestich family of
1341:
864:
106:
7479:
6266:
6131:
6032:
5895:
4298:
296:
It could also have been an Anatolian loan word derived from a Semitic language; compare the Hebrew word for
9054:
9049:
7877:
6937:
6297:
5274:
4566:
4011:
2800:
2775:
1790:
1164:
people who robbed the gold from the fabulous creatures. Aristeas is said to have been informed through the
7576:
Le griffon de l'archaïsme a l'époque impériale: Étude iconographique et essai d'interpretation symbolique
6900:
4095:, "From the archaeological perspective, origin in Asia Minor (and the Near East: Elam) is very probable."
3979:
3514:
The cast pieces could also have additional hammered details. The "cast protomes" are grouped by Jantzen.
3155:
3067:
2976:
2912:
2760:
2652:
2349:
1832:
1459:, espoused by many commentators, who see this evidenced in the griffin that draws the chariot in Dante's
1409:
8919:
7433:
6973:
651:
8163:
8027:
6643:
6474:
4934:
4902:
4386:
2968:
2961:
2836:
2807:
2516:
2428:
2051:
1771:, with the exception that where a lion would be described as rampant a griffin is instead described as
1223:, Pliny also wrote, "griffins were said to lay eggs in burrows on the ground and these nests contained
8177:
2999:. A common mistake regarding this is the assumption that the griffin is the same as the mythical bird
2054:. They are most easily distinguished from griffins by their membranous, rather than feathered, wings.
1603:
Attestation of griffin's feather as cure for blindness does occur in an Italian folktale, classed as "
1420:
The Gryphes are so called because they are winged quadrupeds. This kind of wild beast is found in the
342:
6957:
4791:
The positioning is between the brows, yet looks to be at the top of the head, as seen on the example
2840:
2524:
2321:
2297:
1287:
7511:
6873:
6646:(1716) observed a gilded "prodigious claw" referred to as a griffin's claw while touring the Danube.
5541:, p. 156 viewed later examples to have been western, copied from eastern "originals" (cited by
3049:
2634:
2102:
1951:. It is sometimes wingless. The opinicus is rarely used in heraldry, but appears in the arms of the
1188:, had located the griffins in India, and more explicitly classed them as beaked, four-legged birds.
532:
9836:
9613:
9109:
8636:
5794:
4400:
3034:
2818:
2619:
2528:
2345:
2285:
2035:
decoration the griffin is usually represented as a four-footed beast with wings and the head of an
1169:
gold"). The equestrian Arimaspi would ride off with the loot, and the griffins would give pursuit.
1065:
990:
of Proconnesus. A number of bronze griffin protomes on cauldrons have been unearthed in Greece (on
577:
39:
35:
31:
5705:
2519:
uses a griffin for its production company. Merv Griffin Entertainment was founded by entrepreneur
1725:
9776:
9738:
9130:
9069:
9009:
8396:
8341:
8306:
8171:
7549:
7045:
Fictitious and Symbolic Creatures in Art: With Special Reference to Their Use In British Heraldry
4041:
3973:
3027:
2938:
2832:
2710:
2612:
1646:
1531:
1471:
379:
argued for the possibility that the application of this term may extend to the griffin. The term
17:
9631:
9580:
9441:
9436:
9431:
9426:
7553:
7454:
6817:
5651:
5241:
5192:
1544:
1495:
184:
were associated with gold deposits of Central Asia. The earliest classical writings derive from
8512:
8489:
8445:
8384:
8239:
8206:
8056:
8031:
7980:
Bronze Monsters and the Cultures of Wonder: Griffin Cauldrons in the Preclassical Mediterranean
7978:
7898:
7821:
7777:
7687:
7649:
7585:
7574:
7484:. Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns, imprint of Penn State University Press. pp. 299–373.
7281:
Philadelphia Museum of Art – Giving : Giving to the Museum : Specialty License Plates
6788:
6738:
McClanan, A (2019). "Illustrious Monsters: Representations of Griffins on Byzantine Textiles".
6524:
6418:, Columbia Studies in the Social Sciences, 48, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 225
6003:
Archaeology of Greece and Rome: Image, Text and Context. Studies In Honour of Anthony Snodgrass
4890:
4730:
4369:
4178:"Copper cauldrons from Gilgit and Central Asia: more about Saka and Dards and related problems"
3418:
2932:
2905:
2825:
2730:
2333:
1740:
1704:
1129:
97:
9408:
7397:
6844:
6834:
6478:
6413:
6345:
5337:
3992:→ Αβδηριτων on border of an incuse square; within, smaller linear square in four compartments.
3569:
3559:
3466:) which also denoted a bird (falcon or eagle), and not a composite, as conceded by Litvinskij.
1681:
1061:
protective deity, often depicted with a bull or lion's body, eagle's wings, and human's head.
202:(1st century) was the first to explicitly state that griffins were winged and long eared. But
8517:
8467:
8462:
8440:
8324:
7773:
6302:
A Passion for Antiquities: Ancient Art from the Collection of Barbara and Lawrence Fleischman
5371:
4988:
4894:
4469:
4404:
4394:
4390:
3911:
3764:. gives the definition: "Furnished with ears (acc. to auris, l.), having long or large ears".
3696:
3670:(1950), "Le trésor de Ziwiye" at Fig. 30, considered the object a Scythinan import. Cited by
2928:
2880:
2814:
2341:
2303:
1995:
592:
7609:
6105:
5443:
5411:
5280:
4896:
Catalogue des cylindres, cachets et pierres gravées de style oriental : Musée du Louvre
2050:
are sometimes mistaken for griffins, but are in fact (Tudor) dragons, the supporters of the
9636:
8423:
8389:
8281:
6106:"Red-figure hydria with Apollo riding a griffin, ca. 380–360 B.C. (Object number: 2003-92)"
5270:
4604:
the lord of the mountain countries, who crushes (trampling them)". The inscription is from
4325:
3912:
3898:
3822:
3774:
3722:
3365:
3325:
A griffin portrayed in a mythical land located south of the world's known continents, from
3163:
2887:
2734:
2718:
2703:
2448:
1821:
1429:
1263:
The griffin has been associated with various deities (Apollo, Dionysus, Nemesis), in Greek
1010:
960:
844:
726:. However, this monster then ceased to continue to be expressed after the Elamite culture.
455:
54:
5049:
Frankfort's example is a two-wheeled chariot in the seal-impression image shown on Fig. 4.
1968:
8:
9494:
9292:
9274:
9064:
8647:
8599:
8574:
8276:
6995:
6953:
6262:
6028:
5276:
Hierakonpolis ...: Plates of discoveries, 1898-99, with Description of the site in detail
5148:
4208:
4074:
3813:
Mayor seems to suggest it may have been the "carved ivory horn" obtained as a gift from
3579:
3378:
3359:
3184:
2745:
2114:
1764:
1475:
1230:
1087:
1058:
548:; these are sometimes described as the lion's ears, but are often elongated (more like a
417:
203:
7971:
Isidore's entries contain traditional folkloric material, but without Christian allegory
6165:
at si Phoebus adest et frenis grypha iugalem / Riphaeo tripodas repetens detorsit ab axe
5097:, p. 324 and Pl. 90, Fig. 12 "Luristan lion head" (which has the beak-like feature)
2279:
Griffins, like many other fictional creatures, frequently appear within works under the
1069:
882:
Griffin-type creatures combining raptor heads and mammalian bodies were depicted in the
835:" (i.e., beaks) made by Urartian craftsmen, similar to what is found on Greek protomes.
9688:
9661:
8989:
8934:
8884:
8795:
8785:
8722:
8697:
8632:
8607:
8579:
8479:
8266:
8043:
8015:
7861:
7805:
7797:
7741:
7717:
7672:
7637:
7629:
7528:
7499:
7162:
6409:
5798:
4353:
4345:
4247:
4007:
3856:
3756:
3255:
3201:
2722:
2572:
2453:
was erected in 2007 at the forecourt of the Farkashegyi cemetery in Budapest, Hungary.
2366:
2107:
2073:
1611:
780). There is also a study that considers the griffin's feather tale as a variant of "
1405:
1325:
1299:
824:
715:
601:
234:
153:
6740:
Animals in Text and Textile: Storytelling in the Medieval World, Riggisberger Berichte
4328:(1947), "Two Manichæan Magical Texts with an Excursus on the Parthian Ending -ēndēh",
4132:(36). Faculty of Literature and Humanities Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman: 21–41.
2964:'s highlight attraction is a dive coaster called the "Griffon", which opened in 2007.
1484:, completed c. 1185) clearly depicted the two-colored bird as symbolic of the Church.
1036:
9816:
9605:
9536:
9527:
9421:
9150:
8755:
8627:
8566:
8544:
8522:
8406:
8358:
8232:
8062:
7984:
7960:
7956:
The Book of Fabulous Beasts: A Treasury of Writings from Ancient Times to the Present
7939:
7904:
7883:
7827:
7809:
7676:
7641:
7591:
7559:
7485:
7280:
7263:
7025:
7015:
6991:
6933:
6908:
6879:
6850:
6796:
6767:
6718:
6530:
6520:
6351:
6305:
6276:
6199:
6139:
6006:
5921:
5901:
5806:
5701:
5449:
5415:
5377:
5343:
4994:
4905:. The "S" indicates Susa expedition, under the direction of J. de Morgan (1897–1912).
4736:
4572:
4477:
4357:
4306:
4151:
4082:
4055:
4047:
4017:
3952:
3235:
3074:
2752:
2659:
2404:
2065:
1844:
1836:
1814:
1721:
1593:
1480:
1433:
1252:
1244:
1200:
1076:. This was a divine storm-bird linked with the southern wind and the thunder clouds.
1053:
Several ancient mythological creatures are similar to the griffin. These include the
944:
843:
Representations of griffin-like hybrids with four legs and a beaked head appeared in
498:. The descriptive epithet "Tearer" is not uniquely applied to the griffin beast, and
401:
393:
354:
275:
The derivation of this word remains uncertain. It could be related to the Greek word
223:
7373:
6715:
The Book of Beasts: Being a Translation From a Latin Bestiary of the Twelfth Century
5994:
5014:
4474:
Picturing Royal Charisma: Kings and Rulers in the Near East from 3000 BCE to 1700 CE
4361:; Reprinted in Duchesne-Guillemin, Jacques ed. (1977) "B. Henning selected papers",
3821:. However, the ivory horn given by the caliph seems more likely to be Charlemagne's
1518:
A number of medieval griffin's claws existed, sometimes purported to be very large.
9417:
9373:
9361:
9282:
9084:
8889:
8836:
8831:
8765:
8750:
8692:
8657:
8507:
8502:
8435:
8401:
8329:
8150:
Gryps-Greif-Gryphon (Griffon). Eine sprach-, kultur- und stoffgeschichtliche Studie
8103:
8007:
7853:
7789:
7709:
7664:
7621:
7435:...but my parents were unwilling to secure the necessary eagle eggs and lion semen.
7253:
7112:
6516:
6480:
The Writings of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, with Bibliographical and Critical Notes
5657:
4984:
4901:
Items S. 366 (Pl. 44, fig. 10); S. 367 (Pl. 44, fig. 11); S. 368 (Pl. 45, fig. 2)
4337:
4239:
2942:
2844:
2764:
2738:
2543:
2400:
1866:
is a related legendary creature, supposedly the offspring of a griffin and a mare.
1604:
1456:
1428:
Isidore's localization of the griffins in the mountains of Hyperborea derives from
1192:
1079:
852:
764:
depicting both the "bird-griffin" and "lion-griffin" designs, such as are found on
337:
329:
227:
7857:
6969:
6192:"14. Party animals: the imagery of status, power and masculinity in Greek mosaics"
5405:
3884:
1563:
1487:
At any rate, the griffin can be found sculpted at a number of Christian churches.
951:
and miniature frescos dated to this period. One early example of griffin-types in
540:
Most statuary representations of griffins depict them with bird-like forelegs and
47:
9788:
9700:
9385:
9230:
9215:
9210:
9145:
8826:
8790:
8717:
8712:
8707:
8702:
8617:
8589:
8363:
8286:
8123:
7935:
7920:
7697:
7683:
7605:
7461:
6757:
6341:
5843:
5784:
3926:
3848:
3814:
3761:
3613:
3345:
3307:
3292:
3239:
3223:
2714:
2568:
2551:
2539:
2309:
2203:
2135:
2084:
1612:
1377:
1274:
The griffin was naturally linked to Apollo, given the existence of the cultus of
1212:
995:
979:
927:
860:
769:
753:
745:
454:), and this must have meant a "griffin or a monster like a griffin" according to
365:
199:
117:
77:
73:
9449:
8904:
8202:, source texts in Greek, Hebrew, and Old English, with new English translations.
7823:
The First Fossil Hunters: Dinosaurs, Mammoths, and Myth in Greek and Roman Times
7650:"Hunting the Eschata: An Imagined Persian Empire on the Lekythos of Xenophantos"
5445:
Egyptian Iconography on Syro-Palestinian Cylinder Seals of the Middle Bronze Age
5373:
Egyptian Iconography on Syro-Palestinian Cylinder Seals of the Middle Bronze Age
3667:
3651:
3593:
An additional example of Etruscan griffin is the one found in Vetulonia, Italy.
2864:
9712:
9678:
9671:
9225:
9190:
8982:
8909:
8894:
8874:
8612:
8457:
8452:
8346:
8334:
7873:
7841:
7817:
7729:
6196:
Sociable Man: Essays on Ancient Greek Social Behaviour in Honour of Nick Fisher
5891:
5707:
Aischulou Promētheus desmōtēs. The Prometheus vinctus, from the text of Dindorf
5586:
5554:
Jantzen (1951). "Die Bedeutung der Greifenprotomen aus dem Heraion von Samos".
5174:
5070:
Frankfort classed it as a "winged, tailed, and taloned dragon which spat fire".
4212:
3216:
3189:
3134:
2972:
2941:'s mascot "Aguileon" is a griffin. The name "Aguileon" is a compound using two
2379:
2257:
2235:
2220:
2212:
2047:
2040:
2025:
1988:
1979:
1552:
1236:
1220:
1004:
931:
797:
793:
761:
699:
479:
427:
358:
262:
133:
8128:
Il grifone: Storia di un motivo iconografico nell'antico Oriente mediterraneo.
8107:
7932:
The Book of Gryphons: A History of the Most Majestic of All Mythical Creatures
7625:
7519:
Benson, J. L. (1960). "Unpublished Griffin Protomes in American Collections".
7410:
7258:
7245:
4341:
1396:) among its eggs" to change the ambient temperature and enhance reproduction.
9810:
9760:
9695:
9666:
9326:
9250:
9182:
8271:
7689:
The Arts of Ancient Iran: From Its Origins to the Time of Alexander the Great
7267:
7116:
6822:. FF Communications, 147. Helsinki: Academia Scientiarum Fennica. p. 55.
4148:
In the Land of the Gryphons: Papers on Central Asian Archaeology in Antiquity
3524:
3341:
3247:
2535:
2375:
2283:
genre. Examples of fantasy-oriented franchises that feature griffins include
2229:
2160:
2143:
2089:
1540:
1102:
940:
856:
832:
777:
animals, or perhaps there had been parallel development in both Assyrian and
711:
9135:
7233:
Why Protoceratops Almost Certainly Wasn't The Inspiration For Griffin Legend
7029:
7012:
Giants, Monsters, and Dragons: an Encyclopedia of Folklore, Legend, and Myth
5407:
Beyond Babylon: Art, trade, and diplomacy in the second millennium B.C.
4330:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
2126:
1333:, according to the text, standing on a tripod shaped like colossal figures.
350:, is not followed by other current archaeological scholarship (e.g., here).
9773:
Non-traditional, regional, or rarely used (sometimes considered unheraldic)
9750:
9728:
9683:
9561:
9220:
9125:
8760:
8687:
8652:
8497:
8430:
8353:
8291:
7478:Álvarez-Mon, Javier (2011). Álvarez-Mon, Javier; Garrison, Mark B. (eds.).
7305:"Ο Γρύπας, το μυθικό τέρας γίνεται το σύμβολο της πόλης του Ηρακλείου...".
4268:
3326:
3140:
2726:
2698:
2558:
2520:
2482:
2395:
2371:
2315:
2032:
2009:
1975:
1817:
1616:
1519:
1448:
1380:(d. 1280) attributes to other writers the claim that "this bird places an '
1279:
1041:
1022:
972:
816:
581:
420:
characterized as the counterpart of the simurgh. However, the cognate term
9162:
8879:
8858:
7668:
6968:
6422:
2423:"Griff" Statue in the forecourt of the Farkashegyi Cemetery Budapest, 2007
2024:(Islamic Spain). From about 1100 it was placed on a column on the roof of
1275:
1243:
In Europe, constantly falling snow makes those places contiguous with the
800:(1973) remarks that a "lion-griffin" attacks a stag in a pebble mosaic at
9755:
9597:
9094:
9074:
8942:
8821:
8584:
8194:
7228:
6710:
4294:
3621:
2383:
2155:
2017:
1907:
1810:
1806:
1662:
1523:
1509:
1295:
1268:
1264:
1224:
1029:, interred in Scythian king's burial site, perhaps commissioned to Greek
983:
790:
765:
723:
707:
447:
321:
258:
9570:
9167:
8642:
8170:
8047:
7633:
7532:
7166:
6843:; Russo, Joseph, eds. (2009), "79. The King of Naples—Lu Re di Napuli",
1090:. The Bible mentions the Ziz in Psalms 50:11. This is also similar to a
668:
626:) is simple but more "plausible" (naturalistic), resembling a forelock.
9255:
9245:
9205:
9200:
9195:
9140:
9014:
8972:
8952:
8924:
8914:
8301:
8200:
Four Footed Winged Raptors Gryphons of Greece, Europe and the Near East
8019:
7865:
6840:
4251:
3818:
3146:
3041: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2996:
2626: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2557:
Similarly, prior to the mid-1990s a griffin formed part of the logo of
2547:
2131:
2095:
2021:
1862:
1700:
1572:
illustration is ambiguous. It was left to the heralds to clarify that.
1421:
964:
952:
895:
569:
495:
432:
413:
145:
129:
66:
9589:
8130:
Rome: Centro di studi semitici, Istituto di studi del Vicino Oriente,
7801:
7721:
6483:. Vol. 10. Cambridge, MA: Riverside Press. pp. 338, 351–352.
4349:
4303:
Shoshannat Yaakov: Jewish and Iranian studies in honor of Yaakov Elman
4016:. Vol. 2. Translated by Throop, Priscilla. MedievalMS. xii.2.17.
1353:
Stonemasonry with Griffins, late 11th-12th c, Gradina, Rakovac. Serbia
1203:
also inserted attributes of the ant into his description of griffins.
426:(glossed as 'griffin') also occurs in Middle Persian, attested in the
9656:
9260:
9240:
9235:
9044:
9029:
8846:
8551:
8210:
6258:
5697:
5647:
3787:
3412:
3369:
3212:
3000:
2473:
1928:
1828:
1655:
1597:
1283:
1216:
1165:
1095:
1030:
978:
The griffin-like hybrid became a fixture of Aegean culture since the
809:
805:
730:
635:
466:
The griffin was given names which were descriptive epithets, such as
368:
culture was a fabulous composite creature, and Russian archaeologist
215:
193:
189:
8899:
8775:
8011:
7793:
5296:, pp. 184–185 and Fig 3 (detail of griffin-like beast), citing
4568:
Ancient Egyptian Prisoner Statues: Fragments of the Late Old Kingdom
4243:
3016:
2601:
2466:
1693:
1567:
Byzantine silk with griffins, 11th century, now in Sion, Switzerland
1412:, and the griffin is classified as a "beast of prey". Thus Isidore (
9745:
9287:
9172:
9099:
9079:
9024:
8967:
8962:
8957:
8527:
8255:
8142:
7713:
7196:
7153:
Mayor, Adrienne (November–December 1994). "Guardians of The Gold".
6437:
6091:
4403:. Sold at the Offices of the Egypt Exploration Fund. pp. 34–35 and
4122:"The Reflection of Mythological Concepts in Achaemenid Jewelry Art"
3852:
3835:
3406:
2988:
2810:
in Ottawa is the gryphon, and the team name is the Glebe Gryphons.
2291:
1880:
1772:
1757:
1734:
1589:
1357:
1303:
1161:
1150:
1109:
987:
917:
891:
757:
675:
185:
181:
157:
9506:
9458:
5779:
5777:
4470:"3. Hybridism as a Visual Mark of Divinity: The Case of Akhenaten"
3683:
That later griffin protomes are Greek-made is "without question" (
3438:
Abdera minted coins since it was founded in 544 BC as a colony of
2202:
Early historic references to the gryphon describe the area of the
9397:
9155:
9089:
9059:
9039:
9034:
9019:
8853:
8841:
8811:
8770:
8734:
8667:
8622:
8418:
8379:
7587:
Milton and the Natural World: Science and Poetry in Paradise Lost
5846:. W. Heinemann. 1912. volume I, book III. Chapter XLVIII, p. 333.
4598:
Spdw le seigneur des pays montagne, qui écrase (en les piétinant)
3456:
3394:
3208:
2357:
2280:
1924:
1920:
1779:
1666:
1381:
1321:
1196:
1185:
1054:
968:
920:
774:
738:
478:
meaning "Tearer" inscribed on a griffin image found in a tomb at
385:
219:
58:
6233:
6231:
4962:
4960:
4958:
4917:
4915:
4913:
4911:
3773:
Apollonius of Tyana's writings, as recorded in his biography by
2979:" steel roller coaster, which features a griffin as its mascot.
1547:
located in Charlemagne's former capital of Aix-la-Chapelle (now
737:
portrayed instead were winged lions, and the lion-headed eagle (
9733:
9707:
9482:
9314:
9104:
8994:
8977:
8947:
8727:
8682:
8672:
8413:
8296:
8188:
7319:
6350:, Medieval & Renaissance Texts & Studies, p. 290,
5948:, p. 33 and excerpted with somewhat different phrasing in
5774:
4840:, p. 62 and Fig. 5, griffin protome of stone, from Nimrud.
4605:
4293:
Kiperwasser, Reuven; Shapira, Dan D. Y. (2012), Secunda, Shai;
3922:
3180:
3173:
2916:
2848:
2436:
2432:
2387:
2224:
1999:
1753:
1714:
1548:
1536:
1329:
1291:
1125:
1117:
1113:
1091:
956:
948:
883:
828:
820:
718:) period. An example of a winged lion with beaks, unearthed in
623:
511:
297:
6649:
6604:
5771:, p. 42 and n11, citing Pliny the Elder 10.70.136; 7.2.10
5410:
Metropolitan Museum of Art and Yale University Press. p.
4496:
4013:
Isidore of Seville's Etymologies: Complete English Translation
3975:
Descriptive Catalogue of Greek Coins selected from the cabinet
3567:
shown right; the lions do not have these hanging tresses. Cf.
3475:
3200:
The latest fighter produced by the Saab Group bears the name "
3116:
The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe
2835:, an independent, co-ed, university preparatory day school in
1760:
and a guardian of the divine, was already touched upon above.
1639:
505:
499:
489:
483:
467:
9349:
9004:
8677:
8556:
8539:
6846:
The Collected Sicilian Folk and Fairy Tales of Giuseppe Pitrè
6666:
6664:
6492:
6490:
6253:
6251:
6228:
6085:
5469:
5317:
5078:
5076:
4955:
4908:
4601:
4505:
4472:, in David, Arlette; Milstein, Rachel; Ornan, Tallay (eds.),
3894:
3799:
3718:
3400:
3169:
3168:, a creature called "Griffin" is made by inserting a woman's
3128:
Griffins are also present in various animated series such as
2946:
2803:, one of the 16 colleges in Durham University, is a griffin.
2713:(founded 1555), originating from the family crest of founder
2165:
2036:
1948:
1827:
The red griffin rampant was the coat of arms of the dukes of
1802:
1452:
1362:
1313:
1073:
991:
887:
848:
827:, Iran resembles the western protomes in style. They were of
801:
549:
316:
250:
208:
165:
62:
7246:"Did the horned dinosaur Protoceratops inspire the griffin?"
5630:
5628:
5603:
5601:
5599:
5597:
5595:
4709:
4707:
4705:
4703:
4676:
4476:, Archaeopress Publishing Limited, pp. 52–53 and Table 3.1,
4442:
tštš.. signifie déchirer, triturer, couper, metter en pièces
4381:
4379:
4377:
2571:
previously used the griffin in their logo (Cf. Saab fighter
1072:, half man and half bird, associated with the chief sky god
9453:
8662:
8224:
8139:
Griffinology: The Griffin’s Place in Myth, History and Art.
8058:
Mythical and Fabulous Creatures: A Source Book and Research
7388:. Deadspin.com (7 April 2010). Retrieved on 2 January 2012.
6300:. In J. Paul Getty Museum; Cleveland Museum of Art (eds.).
6089:, ca. 400–300 BC. London, British Museum E 543. red-figure
5930:, vol. 1, Impensis Friderici Frommanni, pp. 53–54
5732:
5730:
5692:
5690:
5688:
5640:
5613:
4591:
The epithet "the Crusher" (or "Trampler") is also given by
4136:
3439:
3373:
2991:
features a griffin. The pattern of this design, created by
2950:
2562:
2077:
2013:
1916:
1885:
1768:
1432:(4th and 5th century). Griffins had already been localized
778:
719:
541:
161:
111:
6952:
Male griffin depicted in Debrett's Peerage, 1968, p. 222,
6681:
6679:
6661:
6487:
6248:
5520:
5073:
4761:
1841:
coat of arms of the German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
1474:, who built this interpretation upon the observation that
1302:. And Apollo hitched griffins to his chariot according to
1179:
912:
7579:(in French). Brussels: Institut historique belge de Rome.
7464:. GA-ASI.com (20 July 2010). Retrieved on 2 January 2012.
7361:
6390:
5863:
5836:
5625:
5592:
5134:"Central Asian Jewelry and their Symbols in Ancient Time"
4700:
4664:
4654:
4652:
4650:
4648:
4646:
4546:
4534:
4374:
3388:
2582:
uses a griffin to represent protecting data and systems.
2579:
1083:
545:
536:
Bronze figure of a griffin, Roman period (AD 50–270)
5830:
5727:
5685:
5673:
5265:
5263:
1783:
815:
A golden frontal half of a griffin-like animal from the
7700:(October 1960). "The Development of the Lion-Griffin".
7286:
7134:
6676:
6594:
6592:
6590:
6577:
6575:
6573:
6558:
6546:
6380:
6378:
6171:
5660:. New York: Tandy-Thomas. III.16, IV.13 (pp. 146, 192).
5486:
5484:
4821:
4819:
4817:
4795:, p. 324 provides: Plate 90, fig. 1 (adapted from
4286:
4002:
4000:
3978:. Philadelphia: American Numismatic Society. p. 43 and
7844:; Heaney, Michael (1993). "Griffins and Arimaspeans".
7386:
Pantless Man-Bird To Lead William and Mary Into Battle
6978:
The Pursuivant of Arms, or Heraldry Founded upon Facts
6237:
6041:
5886:
5884:
5646:
5155:[Griffin in the ancient art of Central Asia].
5151:(1959). "Grifon v drevnem iskusstve central'noi Azii"
5100:
4688:
4643:
4113:
3915:; David Robert Howlett; Richard Ashdowne (1975–2013).
3563:. The lateral side of the griffins are hard to see on
3277:
Meditationes emblematicae de restaurata pace Germaniae
2117:
wrote about them in his 14th century book of travels:
2080:
is one such poet who writes in reference to griffins.
1345:
A soldier fighting a griffin, 'Alphonso' Psalter, 1284
7400:. Wm.edu (8 April 2010). Retrieved on 2 January 2012.
7014:. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. p. 279.
6515:
6415:
An Encyclopedist of the Dark Ages: Isidore of Seville
6083:
Vienna, Kunsthistorisches Museum 202, red-figure cup/
5914:
5260:
1796:
1782:. In some blazons, this variant is termed a keythong.
1086:, which resembles Anzu, as well as the ancient Greek
440:
which also appears in the same text). Middle Persian
6826:
6691:
6587:
6570:
6375:
6363:
6334:
5481:
4868:
4814:
4103:
4101:
3997:
3624:(5 December 1953). "A Royal Tomb of Homeric Times",
80:
bowl with sitting griffin, gilted silver, from Iran.
6257:
5881:
5508:
3951:. London: Alphabooks/A & C Black. p. 173.
2785:features an ax-wielding griffin on its unit patch.
1813:, griffins commenced to be depicted as part of the
7349:"The New (Olde) Reed Almanac (continued): Griffin"
7244:Witton, Mark P.; Hing, Richard A. (20 June 2024).
7099:, City of London Corporation, hosted by webarchive
6849:, vol. 1&2, Routledge, pp. 348–349,
6408:
5208:, p. 63 and Pl. 2, #3 (monochrome photograph)
4292:
4142:
4006:
3984:144 AR Phoenician Tetradrachm; 14.94 gr.; 27 mm.
2403:has a griffin-shaped knocker. Also, the character
2193:
1140:
8181:. Vol. XI (9th ed.). 1880. p. 195.
5920:
5900:. University of Michigan Press. Book 2.1, p. 68.
5545:, pp. 319–320) , as shall be iterated below.
4168:
4166:
4120:Asadi, Arezoo; Darvishi, Farangis (Winter 2020).
4098:
3918:Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources
3620:, fig. 24); the "gold cylinder seal from Pylos" (
2748:, appearing also on the top of the school crest.
1843:, representing the historical region Vorpommern (
1820:, rearing at the sides of the shield bearing the
1592:properties and one of its feathers could restore
1191:Herodotus also mentions elsewhere that there are
789:Bird-headed mammal images appeared in art of the
756:, the North and North West region of Iran in the
617:The top-knob feature has clear oriental origins.
9808:
7322:. Trinity.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved on 2 January 2012.
7131:, Chapter XXIX, Macmillan and Co. edition, 1900.
7000:, T.C. and E.C. Jack, London, 1909, pp. 231–232.
6005:, Edinburgh University Press, pp. 331–332,
5404:Aruz, Joan; Benzel, Kim; Evans, Jean M. (2008).
5342:. Metropolitan Museum of Art. pp. 139–140.
4885:
4883:
4446:
4385:
3204:" (Griffin), as a result of public competition.
2016:in Italy since the Middle Ages, though it is of
576:—8th - 7th centuries B.C., from Barberini tomb.
226:. Scholars have observed that legends about the
7455:GA-ASI Introduces Griffin Eye Manned ISR System
7364:. Gogryphons.com. Retrieved on 23 October 2013.
7283:. Philamuseum.org. Retrieved on 2 January 2012.
6942:. London: T.C. and E.C. Jack. pp. 222–224.
6907:. Poole: New Orchard Editions. pp. 44–45.
6766:. University of California Press. p. 298.
6347:Man and the Beasts (De Animalibus, Books 22-26)
6340:
5783:
5403:
5007:
3584:. Both are bronze cauldrons on a conical stand.
3421:, Hindu mythological lion-elephant-horse hybrid
1116:is a large bird-like creature that serves as a
281:(grypos), meaning 'curved', or 'hooked'. Greek
8191:, a repository of griffin lore and information
7772:
7604:
6511:
6509:
6507:
6505:
6469:
6467:
5890:
5582:
5538:
5475:
5376:. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. pp. 88–90.
5308:
5248:. Illustrated Dictionary of Egyptian Mythology
5119:
4966:
4921:
4163:
3817:, who also gave Charlemagne the live elephant
3671:
3647:
2897:A griffin appears in the official seal of the
2744:The Gryphon is the official school mascot for
383:is recognized as the etymological ancestor of
30:"Gryphon" redirects here. For other uses, see
8240:
7976:
6893:
4880:
4755:
4119:
3883:
3554:
3527:" of beasts such as seen in Urartian art, by
2585:
2501:An archaic griffin design, created by artist
2435:castings of them perch on each corner of the
2012:is a large bronze sculpture that has been in
1094:. The cherub, or sphinx, was very popular in
230:of India may have contaminated griffin lore.
6899:
6795:. Pro/Am Music Resources. pp. 721–723.
5448:. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. pp. 5–6.
5312:
5297:
5279:. Vol. Part II. B. Quaritch. p. 41 and
5269:
5147:
4596:
4463:
4461:
4440:
3254:, Latin for "griffin-vulture". The Catholic
2702:The Gryphon is the emblem and mascot of the
2064:For fictional characters named Griffin, see
1278:, with a cult center at the Greek colony of
1128:. It is also the name for the constellation
939:Griffin-type animals appeared in the art of
357:names for the creature have been discussed.
300:
7840:
7477:
7398:W&M welcomes newest member of the Tribe
7298:
7122:
6502:
6464:
6324:
6163:
6138:. Edinburgh University Press. p. 296.
6136:Edinburgh Companion to Sidonius Apollinaris
6001:, in Bintliff, John; Rutter, N. K. (eds.),
5961:
5949:
5824:
5768:
5748:
5634:
5607:
5153:Грифон в древнем искусстве центральной Азии
5082:
4993:. Oxford University Press. pp. 45–46.
4979:
4977:
4975:
4090:
4081:, volume 1, Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2010
3965:
3745:
3523:The beaks on the Greeks are identified as "
3211:firm named its heavy bomber design for the
2870:Yellow griffin pictured in the logo of the
2592:List of griffins as mascots and in heraldry
2176:With winged course ore Hill or moarie Dale,
1883:, such a wingless griffin may be called an
1630:List of griffins as mascots and in heraldry
1391:
1385:
660:—Susa, Iran. 4th millennium B.C.). Louvres.
573:Griffins and lions on cauldron. Etruscan.
288:
282:
276:
8247:
8233:
7918:
7759:
7746:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
7682:
7614:The Annual of the British School at Athens
7376:. Purdue.edu. Retrieved on 2 January 2012.
7243:
6932:
6928:
6926:
6924:
6867:
6865:
6839:
6670:
6610:
6496:
6473:
6289:
6123:
5989:
5987:
5323:
5293:
4713:
4670:
4552:
4540:
4511:
4436:
4203:
4201:
4199:
4197:
4195:
4172:
3528:
2164:he mentions the griffin as an allusion to
2046:The statues that mark the entrance to the
1805:emerged as a major seafaring power in the
450:magical texts (Manichaean Middle Persian:
254:Griffin depicted on obverse side of coin.
8026:
7896:
7257:
6809:
6750:
6442:
6396:
6198:. Classical Press of Wales. p. 298.
6183:
6177:
6129:
6023:
6021:
5978:
5897:Pomponius Mela's Description of the World
5710:. vv. 802–806, and endnotes, pp. 115–116.
5696:
5181:. p. 31, & notes on p. 506.
4889:
4724:
4722:
4592:
4458:
4424:
3101:Learn how and when to remove this message
3006:
2686:Learn how and when to remove this message
2043:, or with the head and beak of an eagle.
1551:, Germany) also houses a griffin horn of
523:
7997:
7922:Heraldry in History, Poetry, and Romance
7572:
7548:
7102:
7047:. London: Chapman and Hall. p. 162.
7042:
6815:
6737:
6529:. Wigston: Magna Books. pp. 80–81.
6458:
6435:Servius's commentary on Virgil's eighth
6402:
6304:. J. Paul Getty Museum. pp. 50–51.
6222:
6218:
6189:
6037:. Columbia University. pp. 259–260.
5756:
5736:
5679:
5619:
5581:, p. 58, and note 2, naming/citing
5441:
5369:
5193:"Dartmouth College expedition to Greece"
4983:
4972:
3553:See the cover photo of this cauldron in
3122:The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian
2995:, is based on a griffin statue found in
2908:depicts a griffin for their unit badge.
2796:features a griffin on its school crest.
2778:feature griffins in their unit patches.
2697:
2418:
2407:'s surname is a variation on the French
2197:
2125:
2106:Illustration for Mandeville's legend by
2101:
1588:, a griffin's claw was believed to have
1562:
1494:
1356:
1348:
1340:
1035:
955:occurs in the 15th century BC
911:
568:
531:
408:) that had been used to translate Greek
315:
249:
72:
46:
8093:Honar-Ha-Ye-Ziba: Honar-Ha-Ye-Tajassomi
7728:
7696:
7583:
7140:
6921:
6862:
6717:. Stroud: Alan Sutton. pp. 22–24.
6630:
6344:(1987), Scanlan, James J. (tr.) (ed.),
5984:
5934:
5924:(1832), Scanlan, James J. (tr.) (ed.),
5864:Philostratus & Conybeare tr. (1912)
5566:
5559:
5542:
5526:
5514:
5502:
5228:
5106:
5094:
5058:
4862:
4808:
4792:
4779:
4767:
4694:
4682:
4658:
4564:
4558:
4324:
4318:
4207:
4192:
3942:
3940:
3938:
3936:
3754:. Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short.
3684:
3658:position, and gold is too soft a metal.
3415:, Tibetan mythological celestial animal
2172:As when a Gryfon through the Wilderness
1558:
1180:Griffins of India and gold-digging ants
943:in the MM III Period (1650–1600 BC) in
510:) has also been used to denote the god
180:In Greek and Roman texts, griffins and
14:
9809:
8075:
7647:
7539:
7518:
6871:
6793:The Pro/Am Book of Music and Mythology
6780:
6703:
6071:
6059:
6047:
6018:
5927:Aeliani de natura animalium libri xvii
5752:
5589:(1958) "Objets orientaux..", pp. 73ff.
5578:
5490:
5205:
4874:
4837:
4825:
4728:
4719:
4637:
4617:
4229:
4107:
3971:
3877:
3348:company. Symbol came into use in 1899.
2922:
2854:
2813:The griffin is the official mascot of
1831:and survives today as the armorial of
1399:
877:
706:3000 BC, perhaps as early as the
698:Griffin-like animals were depicted on
622:oriental example (stone protomes from
436:XXIV (supposedly distinguishable from
8228:
8205:
8054:
7900:Mediaeval Latin and French Bestiaries
7872:
7816:
7216:
7212:
7184:
7172:
7152:
6980:. London: W. N. Wright . p. 183.
6786:
6709:
6697:
6685:
6655:
6598:
6581:
6564:
6552:
6454:
6412:(1912), Brehaut, Ernest (tr.) (ed.),
6295:
6271:. Vol. 2. W. Heinemann. IV.152 (
6027:
5993:
5945:
5335:
4990:Biblical Myth and Rabbinic Mythmaking
4523:David, citing Newberry (1893a, 1893b
4467:
4230:Harper, P. O. (1961), "The Sēnmurw",
3946:
3384:List of hybrid creatures in mythology
2831:The Gryphon is the school mascot for
2188:
2180:Had from his wakeful custody purloind
2178:Pursues the Arimaspian, who by stelth
1490:
1239:(fl. AD 43) wrote in his Book ii. 6:
1135:
555:
7952:
7929:
7778:"Urartian Bronzes in Etruscan Tombs"
7009:
6890:; Reprint: David & Charles 2002.
6756:
6384:
6369:
6328:
6238:Herodotus & Rawlinson tr. (1909)
5131:
4267:
4061:Prolegomena to the History of Israel
3933:
3905:
3890:Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français
3744:The word for "eared" in the text is
3717:To distinguish from the (screaming)
3442:, which also used the griffin motif.
3425:
3403:or Pi Yao, Chinese mythical creature
3397:, winged stallion in Greek mythology
3238:are called griffines, including the
3153:A griffin appeared in the 1974 film
3039:adding citations to reliable sources
3010:
2931:professional ice hockey team of the
2624:adding citations to reliable sources
2595:
2472:Municipal official seal (modern) of
2439:'s roof, protecting its collection.
2340:Griffins appear in the fairy tales "
2227:remains of beaked dinosaurs such as
1869:
1839:) in Poland. It is also part of the
1410:Christian allegorical interpretation
1336:
1048:
907:
898:, dated at about 1950–1550 BC.
332:, the griffin has come to be called
211:stone among the eggs in their nest.
6905:Heraldry: Customs, Rules and Styles
5968:was added, except for 'agate eggs'"
5173:
4232:Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin
3409:, Hindu mythology: lion-bird hybrid
3362:, Greek mythological hybrid monster
3215:after the legendary animal, as the
3131:My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic
2915:Police depicts a griffin holding a
2534:The griffin is used in the logo of
2328:My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic
1874:
916:Bronze griffin head fragment (of a
641:
341:
301:
168:with its talons on the front legs.
24:
8116:
7129:The Travels of Sir John Mandeville
6878:. Quantum Books. pp. 44, 69.
5273:; Green, Frederick Wastie (1902).
4571:. Lockwood Press. pp. 50–51.
2956:
2872:Estonian Internal Security Service
2763:in Virginia changed its mascot to
2531:also used a griffin for its logo.
2274:
1958:
1797:Houses and cities using the device
1464:
1442:gold pectoral of the Scythian King
1258:
1206:
1027:Golden Pectoral from Tovsta Mohyla
638:on a rooster or other such fowls.
552:'s), and are sometimes feathered.
25:
9863:
8157:
7250:Interdisciplinary Science Reviews
5724:vv. 805–806, and notes by Watson.
5061:, p. 324 and pl. 90, fig. 15
4943:(picture). The Granger Collection
4276:Известия Российской академии наук
4273:Izvestiya Rossiskoi Akademii Nauk
4064:, Edinburgh: Black, 1885, p. 304.
3825:, perhaps the one held in Aachen.
3721:, referred as "dogs of Zeus" (by
2899:Waterloo Police Department (Iowa)
2709:Three gryphons form the crest of
2456:
2427:The griffin is the symbol of the
2269:
461:
9782:
9448:
9416:
7448:
7426:
7412:Family Guy - "What's your name?"
7403:
7391:
7379:
7367:
7355:
7341:
7325:
7313:
7274:
7237:
7222:
7206:
7190:
7178:
7146:
7090:
7081:
7051:
7036:
7003:
6985:
6962:
6946:
6731:
6636:
6616:
6448:
6429:
6318:
6212:
6152:
6098:
6077:
6065:
6053:
5971:
5955:
5857:
5818:
5762:
5742:
5714:
5664:
4439:, pp. 186–187 and Fig. 5: "
4079:Etymological Dictionary of Greek
3841:
3828:
3807:
3793:
3780:
3767:
3738:
3728:
3711:
3702:
3334:
3318:
3300:
3284:
3268:
3222:, the German form of "griffin".
3015:
2982:
2879:
2863:
2721:. Griffins are also mascots for
2600:
2481:
2465:
2149:Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
1987:
1967:
1733:
1713:
1692:
1680:
1654:
1638:
1404:The account of the "gryphes" by
667:
650:
311:
8096:نشریه هنرهای زیبا- هنرهای تجسمی
8032:"Nemesis and the Wheel of Fate"
7879:Flying Snakes and Griffin Claws
7762:Bulletin de l'institut d'Égypte
7702:American Journal of Archaeology
7648:Franks, Hallie Malcolm (2009),
6110:Princeton University Art Museum
5894:(1998). Romer, Frank E. (ed.).
5839:The Life of Apollonius of Tyana
5572:
5548:
5532:
5496:
5435:
5397:
5363:
5329:
5302:
5287:
5234:
5211:
5199:
5185:
5167:
5125:
5112:
5088:
5064:
5052:
5043:
5033:
4927:
4856:
4843:
4831:
4802:
4785:
4773:
4749:
4623:
4611:
4585:
4517:
4489:
4430:
4418:
4261:
4223:
3690:
3677:
3661:
3640:
3631:
3606:
3596:
3587:
3573:for another cauldron, from the
3547:
3534:
3517:
3508:
3469:
3445:
3246:). The scientific name for the
3026:needs additional citations for
2772:367th Training Support Squadron
2611:needs additional citations for
2488:Merv Griffin Entertainment logo
2194:Possible influence by dinosaurs
1787:John Butler, 6th Earl of Ormond
1141:Grecian accounts of the gryphon
1016:
683:Vorderasiatisches Museum Berlin
240:
164:, and the head and wings of an
8195:The Medieval Bestiary: Griffin
7977:Papalexandrou, Nassos (2021).
7882:. Princeton University Press.
7826:. Princeton University Press.
7590:. Cambridge University Press.
6622:London, Hugh Stanford (1956).
5801:, H. G. Bohn, VII.2 (p. 123);
4899:. Paris: Hachette. p. 49.
4447:Griffith & Newberry (1895)
4427:, p. 2 citing Leibovitch.
4305:, Brill, p. 209 and n22,
4271:(1918), "Ossetica-Japhetica",
4067:
4030:
3432:
3229:
2138:, alleged inspiration for the
1900:
1623:
1555:, made of Asian buffalo horn.
1320:, described above): it was an
1044:from 3rd century BCE
693:
595:cauldron-griffins (e.g., from
13:
1:
7983:. University of Texas Press.
7919:Millington, Ellen J. (1858).
7897:McCulloch, Florence (1962) .
7858:10.1080/0015587X.1993.9715853
7610:"Notes on the Cretan Griffin"
7573:Delplace, Christiane (1980).
7481:The Golden Griffin from Arjan
7338:Retrieved on 5 November 2013.
7201:Dinosaurs, Myths and Monsters
6132:"8. Sidonius' Intersexuality"
5656:. Vol. 2. Translated by
5132:Neva, Elena (12 March 2008).
4046:, New York: Doubleday, 2006,
3866:
3391:, Japanese legendary creature
3379:Hybrid creatures in mythology
3312:Zoological Museum, Copenhagen
3291:Heraldic guardian griffin at
2414:
2057:
1953:Worshipful Company of Barbers
1855:
1661:Griffin segreant wearing the
1584:According to Stephen Friar's
1366:
868:
710:(4000–3100BC) and subsequent
703:
674:Bronze griffins from ancient
527:
266:
214:Pliny placed the griffins in
188:(7th cent. BC), preserved by
9827:European legendary creatures
9822:Egyptian legendary creatures
9539:(metal in the United States)
8254:
7934:. Cambridge, Massachusetts:
6997:A Complete Guide to Heraldry
6939:A Complete Guide to Heraldry
6901:von Volborth, Carl-Alexander
6130:Gualandri, Isabella (2020).
5790:The Natural History of Pliny
5556:Festschrift für Hans Jantzen
4497:
3972:Bement, Clarence S. (1921).
3949:A New Dictionary of Heraldry
3476:
2776:12th Combat Aviation Brigade
2515:Film and television company
2496:
2386:are attacked by griffins in
2072:Griffins are used widely in
1512:fiber, with painted colors.
506:
500:
490:
484:
468:
245:
222:(5th century BC) in greater
112:
7:
9852:Fairy tale stock characters
8132:Sapienza Università di Roma
8086:in the Ancient Middle East"
7959:. Oxford University Press.
6475:Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth
6194:. In Lambert, S. D. (ed.).
5442:Teissier, Beatrice (1996).
5370:Teissier, Beatrice (1996).
5311:, p. 110, also citing
5019:Morgan Library & Museum
4399:. Vol. 2. Appended by
4150:, Le lettere, p. 123,
3646:Ghirshman (and others, cf.
3353:
3156:The Golden Voyage of Sinbad
2913:Royal New Zealand Air Force
2761:College of William and Mary
2350:The Singing, Springing Lark
1934:
1850:
1833:West Pomeranian Voivodeship
1579:
1251:The aforementioned Aelian (
1149:or griffin was gathered by
609:
564:
524:§ Medieval iconography
320:Shirdal on the silver cup,
293:'hook-nosed' is suggested.
171:
10:
9868:
9842:Mythological birds of prey
8076:Taheri, Sadreddin (2013).
7584:Edwards, Karen L. (2005).
7558:. New York: Sphere Books.
6816:Brewster, Paul G. (1953).
6644:Lady Mary Wortley Montague
6062:, p. 469, n56, Fig. 5
5313:Quibell & Green (1902)
5298:Quibell & Green (1902)
4782:, p. 322 and note 22.
4126:Journal of Iranian Studies
3800:
3481:
3261:
3195:
2969:Cedar Point Amusement Park
2962:Busch Gardens Williamsburg
2808:Glebe Collegiate Institute
2589:
2586:School emblems and mascots
2578:Information security firm
2517:Merv Griffin Entertainment
2494:
2429:Philadelphia Museum of Art
2216:skeletons are very common.
1649:of the Bevan family crest.
1627:
1586:New Dictionary of Heraldry
905:
678:, Iran, 1st millennium BC.
521:
101:
29:
9832:Greek legendary creatures
9769:
9721:
9649:
9622:
9546:
9515:
9469:
9407:
9336:
9301:
9273:
9181:
9118:
8933:
8867:
8804:
8743:
8598:
8565:
8488:
8372:
8317:
8262:
8211:"Skeptoid #442: Griffins"
8108:10.22059/jfava.2013.30063
7734:Griechische Greifenkessel
7626:10.1017/S0068245400018025
7540:Bolton, J. D. P. (1962).
7332:VU university Amsterdam.
7259:10.1177/03080188241255543
7203:, 10 and 13 December 2011
7175:, pp. xvii, xxv, 49.
6958:Earl of Carrick (Ireland)
6787:Lewis, Thomas P. (2021).
6325:Mayor & Heaney (1993)
6134:. In Kelly, Gavin (ed.).
5962:Mayor & Heaney (1993)
5950:Mayor & Heaney (1993)
5869:vol. II, book VI.I., p. 5
5825:Mayor & Heaney (1993)
5769:Mayor & Heaney (1993)
5749:Mayor & Heaney (1993)
5670:Herodotus III.116, IV.13.
5635:Mayor & Heaney (1993)
5608:Mayor & Heaney (1993)
4342:10.1017/S0041977X0007988X
4091:
3275:Griffin in Johann Vogel:
3207:During World War II, the
2945:words; "aguila" meaning "
2525:Beverly Hills, California
2322:The Spiderwick Chronicles
2298:Heroes of Might and Magic
1724:of the knighthood family
1312:At the Temple of Hera at
947:, found on sealings from
901:
657:Griffin seal impression.
494:"fiery one", attested at
405:
289:
283:
277:
156:with the body, tail, and
51:Restored griffin fresco.
8095:
8036:Brooklyn Museum Bulletin
6875:Introduction to Heraldry
6658:, pp. 42–43, 47–48.
6296:Towne, Elana B. (1994).
6268:The History of Herodotus
6263:Godley, A. D. (ed., tr.)
5653:The History of Herodotus
5152:
4936:Image of Persian griffin
4413:, "the tearer-in-pieces"
4401:George Willoughby Fraser
4275:
4219:. Costa Mesa: Mazda Pub.
3295:, Netherlands, 1892–1912
2821:, both in Pennsylvania.
2819:Gwynedd Mercy University
2781:The emblem of the Greek
2546:and its former partners
2529:Merv Griffin Enterprises
2286:Warhammer Fantasy Battle
838:
629:
578:National Etruscan Museum
40:Gryphon (disambiguation)
36:Griffon (disambiguation)
32:Griffin (disambiguation)
9777:List of oldest heraldry
8178:Encyclopædia Britannica
8061:. Bloomsbury Academic.
8055:South, Malcolm (1987).
7953:—— (1999).
7542:Aristeas of Proconnesus
7362:Sarah Lawrence Gryphons
7043:Vinycomb, John (1906).
6872:Oliver, Stefan (1997).
6190:Westgate, Ruth (2011).
4891:Delaporte, Louis-Joseph
4735:. Curzon. p. 151.
4620:, p. 60 et passim.
4468:David, Arlette (2016),
3947:Friar, Stephen (1987).
3626:Illustrated London News
2939:Suwon Samsung Bluewings
2833:Glenlyon Norfolk School
2723:VU University Amsterdam
2711:Trinity College, Oxford
1687:Pomeranian coat-of-arms
1040:Griffin inscription at
784:
517:
6164:
5878:
5854:
4732:The Kingdom of Armenia
4729:Chahin, Mack (2001) .
4597:
4565:Prakash, Tara (2022).
4455:: Pl. XVI, tomb no. 5.
4441:
4391:Newberry, Percy Edward
3746:
3650:, p. 160, citing
3455:etymological root was
3234:Some large species of
3007:In film and television
2949:" and "leon" meaning "
2933:American Hockey League
2919:for their unit badge.
2906:Royal Air Force Police
2826:Leadership High School
2783:15th Infantry Division
2731:Sarah Lawrence College
2706:
2442:The "Griff" statue by
2424:
2399:series, the character
2334:The Battle for Wesnoth
2304:Dungeons & Dragons
2217:
2186:
2152:
2124:
2111:
1741:Coat-of-arms of Crimea
1705:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
1568:
1504:
1426:
1392:
1386:
1373:
1354:
1346:
1249:
1172:Aeschylus likened the
1045:
936:
908:§ Divine creature
760:, include examples of
587:
537:
325:
272:
233:In the Christian era,
81:
70:
7774:Maxwell-Hyslop, K. R.
7669:10.2972/hesp.78.4.455
7293:Glassteelandstone.com
7187:, pp. 23, 25, 27
7059:"The griffon of Pisa"
6298:"13. Griffin protome"
6221:, p. 298 citing
5873:
5849:
5583:Maxwell-Hyslop (1956)
5539:Maxwell-Hyslop (1956)
5476:Frankfort (1936–1937)
5336:Patch, Diana (2012).
5309:Frankfort (1936–1937)
5271:Quibell, James Edward
5231:, p. 319, note 3
5120:Frankfort (1936–1937)
4967:Frankfort (1936–1937)
4922:Frankfort (1936–1937)
4685:, pp. 20, 69–70.
4036:William H. C. Propp,
3697:George M. A. Hanfmann
3672:Maxwell-Hyslop (1956)
3648:Maxwell-Hyslop (1956)
3179:In an episode of the
2929:Grand Rapids Griffins
2815:Chestnut Hill College
2751:The official seal of
2701:
2590:Further information:
2527:. His former company
2422:
2342:Jack the Giant Killer
2201:
2170:
2129:
2119:
2105:
1994:Statue of a griffin.
1566:
1498:
1457:both human and divine
1418:
1360:
1352:
1344:
1241:
1039:
971:, as restored by Sir
915:
865:Early Dynastic Period
735:Early Dynastic period
572:
535:
355:Old or Middle Iranian
319:
253:
76:
50:
9847:Mythological hybrids
8209:(25 November 2014).
8028:Riefstahl, Elizabeth
7915:, C. N. Potter, 1976
7460:11 July 2011 at the
7155:Archaeology Magazine
7010:Rose, Carol (2001).
6457:, p. 89 citing
6441:(1. 27), accord. to
5339:Dawn of Egyptian Art
5157:Sovetskya Arheologia
4985:Fishbane, Michael A.
4756:Papalexandrou (2021)
4217:Encyclopedia Iranica
4209:Schmidt, Hanns-Peter
4174:Litvinskij, Boris A.
4144:Litvinskij, Boris A.
4089:, p. 289, entry for
3913:Ronald Edward Latham
3775:Flavius Philostratus
3723:Apollonius of Rhodes
3555:Papalexandrou (2021)
3370:egg-producing mammal
3366:Duck billed platypus
3035:improve this article
2888:Utti Jaeger Regiment
2735:University of Guelph
2719:Oxford Union Society
2704:University of Guelph
2620:improve this article
1982:Museum, 11th century
1559:Medieval iconography
1545:Kornelimünster Abbey
1408:(d. 636) lacked any
1286:. And even the main
1193:gold-collecting ants
1011:K. R. Maxwell-Hyslop
845:Ancient Egyptian art
446:is also attested in
9789:Heraldry portal
9216:Hastings/Hungerford
8503:Crowns and coronets
8475:National traditions
8137:McClallen, Anne L.
7925:. Chapman and Hall.
7374:Traditions. Big Ten
7199:television program
6613:, pp. 278–279.
6225:, pp. 372–376.
5942:De natura animalium
5622:, pp. 161–163.
5529:, pp. 319–320.
5326:, pp. 184–185.
5179:Alexander the Great
4770:, pp. 320–321.
4514:, pp. 186–187.
4075:Robert S. P. Beekes
3834:Used since c. 1481
3185:The Big Bang Theory
3113:Griffins appear in
2987:The logo design of
2923:Professional sports
2890:of the Finnish Army
2855:Police and military
2746:Raffles Institution
2115:Sir John Mandeville
1822:Cross of St. George
1767:terminology as the
1669:, 13th century
1645:A heraldic griffin
1503:, 15th century
1499:Martin Schongauer:
1476:Herrad of Landsberg
1400:Christian symbolism
1361:Medieval tapestry,
1231:Apollonius of Tyana
878:Near East elsewhere
752:The bronzeworks of
619:Jack Leonard Benson
370:Boris A. Litvinskij
204:Apollonius of Tyana
9173:Waterlily/Seeblatt
8397:Ancient and modern
7930:Nigg, Joe (1982).
7544:. Clarendon Press.
7111:, translated from
7109:The Essential Rumi
6934:Fox-Davies, Arthur
6521:Gwynn-Jones, Peter
6410:Isidore of Seville
6074:, p. 469, n56
6034:The Cults of Olbia
5799:Henry Thomas Riley
5702:Watson, John Selby
5195:(image). May 2009.
5083:Álvarez-Mon (2011)
4008:Isidore of Seville
3857:Cretan hieroglyphs
3801:κρητῆρος Ἀργολικοῦ
3757:A Latin Dictionary
3750:in declined form.
3618:La Crète dédalique
3236:Old World vultures
3162:In the 1969 movie
2707:
2536:United Paper Mills
2425:
2367:The Son of Neptune
2248:Mayor argues that
2218:
2189:Theories of origin
2153:
2112:
1996:St Mark's Basilica
1927:and the Barony of
1911:, also termed the
1569:
1505:
1491:Claw, egg, feather
1416:xii.2 .17) gives:
1406:Isidore of Seville
1374:
1355:
1347:
1300:red-figure pottery
1276:Hyperborean Apollo
1245:Riphaean Mountains
1145:Local lore on the
1136:Classical accounts
1068:feature the demon
1066:Akkadian mythology
1046:
937:
930:. 7th century BC.
894:during the Middle
825:Kurdistan Province
588:
556:Cauldron figurines
538:
430:cosmological text
392:There is also the
326:
273:
235:Isidore of Seville
154:legendary creature
82:
71:
9804:
9803:
9645:
9644:
9583:(color in Canada)
9269:
9268:
8189:The Gryphon Pages
8148:Wild, Friedrich.
7334:About the griffin
7219:, pp. 49, 71
6992:Arthur Fox-Davies
6914:978-1-85079-037-2
6724:978-0-7509-0206-9
6688:, pp. 44–45.
6671:Millington (1858)
6611:Millington (1858)
6567:, pp. 43–44.
6555:, pp. 43–48.
6517:Bedingfeld, Henry
6497:Millington (1858)
5952:, pp. 44–45.
5922:Claudius Aelianus
5755:, p. 81 and
5658:Rawlinson, George
5585:, pp. 150ff. and
5324:Leibovitch (1942)
5294:Leibovitch (1942)
5217:Ghirshman (1958)
4714:Ghirshman (1964c)
4671:Ghirshman (1964c)
4640:, pp. 59–60.
4553:Leibovitch (1942)
4541:Leibovitch (1942)
4512:Leibovitch (1942)
4437:Leibovitch (1942)
4087:978-90-04-17420-7
4056:Julius Wellhausen
4054:, p. 386; citing
3958:978-0-906670-44-6
3529:Ghirshman (1964c)
3504:
3503:
3500:
3499:
3426:Explanatory notes
3111:
3110:
3103:
3085:
2801:St Mary's College
2753:Purdue University
2696:
2695:
2688:
2670:
2503:Thomas Fanourakis
2405:Godric Gryffindor
2301:, the Griffon in
2206:, a region where
2184:The guarded Gold
2066:Griffin (surname)
1870:Heraldic subtypes
1845:Hither Pommerania
1837:Farther Pomerania
1722:Gryf coat of arms
1481:Hortus deliciarum
1434:Riphean Mountains
1337:Medieval accounts
1253:Claudius Aelianus
1049:Ancient parallels
945:Minoan chronology
412:'griffin' in the
228:gold-digging ants
110:
16:(Redirected from
9859:
9787:
9786:
9785:
9625:
9612:
9604:
9596:
9588:
9578:
9568:
9560:
9557:
9549:
9534:
9526:
9518:
9505:
9502:
9493:
9490:
9481:
9478:
9452:
9420:
9396:
9393:
9384:
9381:
9372:
9369:
9360:
9357:
9348:
9345:
9325:
9322:
9313:
9310:
9299:
9298:
9283:Rule of tincture
9000:Griffin/Keythong
8596:
8595:
8287:Officers of arms
8249:
8242:
8235:
8226:
8225:
8220:
8182:
8174:
8124:Bisi, Anna Maria
8111:
8090:
8072:
8051:
8023:
7994:
7973:
7949:
7926:
7914:
7893:
7869:
7837:
7813:
7769:
7751:
7745:
7737:
7725:
7698:Goldman, Bernard
7693:
7684:Ghirshman, Roman
7679:
7654:
7644:
7606:Frankfort, Henri
7601:
7580:
7569:
7545:
7536:
7515:
7509:
7505:
7503:
7495:
7465:
7452:
7446:
7445:
7444:
7442:
7430:
7424:
7423:
7422:
7420:
7407:
7401:
7395:
7389:
7383:
7377:
7371:
7365:
7359:
7353:
7352:
7345:
7339:
7329:
7323:
7320:Trinity.ox.ac.uk
7317:
7311:
7310:
7309:. 22 March 2021.
7302:
7296:
7290:
7284:
7278:
7272:
7271:
7261:
7241:
7235:
7226:
7220:
7210:
7204:
7194:
7188:
7182:
7176:
7170:
7150:
7144:
7138:
7132:
7126:
7120:
7106:
7100:
7094:
7088:
7085:
7079:
7078:
7076:
7074:
7069:on 26 March 2012
7065:. Archived from
7055:
7049:
7048:
7040:
7034:
7033:
7007:
7001:
6989:
6983:
6981:
6966:
6960:
6950:
6944:
6943:
6930:
6919:
6918:
6897:
6891:
6889:
6869:
6860:
6859:
6837:
6835:volume 2, p. 869
6830:
6824:
6823:
6813:
6807:
6806:
6784:
6778:
6777:
6758:Hand, Wayland D.
6754:
6748:
6747:
6735:
6729:
6728:
6707:
6701:
6695:
6689:
6683:
6674:
6668:
6659:
6653:
6647:
6640:
6634:
6620:
6614:
6608:
6602:
6596:
6585:
6579:
6568:
6562:
6556:
6550:
6544:
6543:
6513:
6500:
6494:
6485:
6484:
6471:
6462:
6461:, pp. 73–76
6452:
6446:
6443:McCulloch (1962)
6433:
6427:
6425:
6419:
6406:
6400:
6397:McCulloch (1962)
6394:
6388:
6382:
6373:
6367:
6361:
6360:
6338:
6332:
6322:
6316:
6315:
6293:
6287:
6286:
6255:
6246:
6245:
6235:
6226:
6216:
6210:
6209:
6187:
6181:
6178:Riefstahl (1956)
6175:
6169:
6167:
6156:
6150:
6149:
6127:
6121:
6120:
6118:
6116:
6102:
6096:
6081:
6075:
6069:
6063:
6057:
6051:
6045:
6039:
6038:
6025:
6016:
6015:
5991:
5982:
5979:Riefstahl (1956)
5975:
5969:
5959:
5953:
5938:
5932:
5931:
5918:
5912:
5911:
5888:
5879:
5871:
5861:
5855:
5847:
5842:. Translated by
5834:
5828:
5822:
5816:
5815:
5793:, translated by
5781:
5772:
5766:
5760:
5746:
5740:
5734:
5725:
5722:Prometheus Bound
5718:
5712:
5711:
5694:
5683:
5677:
5671:
5668:
5662:
5661:
5644:
5638:
5632:
5623:
5617:
5611:
5605:
5590:
5576:
5570:
5552:
5546:
5536:
5530:
5524:
5518:
5512:
5506:
5500:
5494:
5488:
5479:
5473:
5467:
5466:
5464:
5462:
5439:
5433:
5432:
5430:
5428:
5401:
5395:
5394:
5392:
5390:
5367:
5361:
5360:
5358:
5356:
5333:
5327:
5321:
5315:
5306:
5300:
5291:
5285:
5284:
5267:
5258:
5257:
5255:
5253:
5238:
5232:
5215:
5209:
5203:
5197:
5196:
5189:
5183:
5182:
5171:
5165:
5164:
5149:Pugachenkova, G.
5145:
5144:on 25 July 2014;
5140:. Archived from
5129:
5123:
5116:
5110:
5104:
5098:
5092:
5086:
5080:
5071:
5068:
5062:
5056:
5050:
5047:
5041:
5037:
5031:
5030:
5028:
5026:
5011:
5005:
5004:
4981:
4970:
4964:
4953:
4952:
4950:
4948:
4931:
4925:
4919:
4906:
4900:
4887:
4878:
4872:
4866:
4860:
4854:
4847:
4841:
4835:
4829:
4823:
4812:
4806:
4800:
4789:
4783:
4777:
4771:
4765:
4759:
4753:
4747:
4746:
4726:
4717:
4711:
4698:
4692:
4686:
4680:
4674:
4668:
4662:
4656:
4641:
4627:
4621:
4615:
4609:
4600:
4593:Riefstahl (1956)
4589:
4583:
4582:
4562:
4556:
4550:
4544:
4538:
4532:
4521:
4515:
4509:
4503:
4500:
4493:
4487:
4486:
4465:
4456:
4444:
4434:
4428:
4425:Riefstahl (1956)
4422:
4416:
4415:
4383:
4372:
4360:
4322:
4316:
4315:
4290:
4284:
4279:
4265:
4259:
4254:
4227:
4221:
4220:
4205:
4190:
4189:
4170:
4161:
4160:
4140:
4134:
4133:
4117:
4111:
4105:
4096:
4094:
4093:
4071:
4065:
4043:The Anchor Bible
4034:
4028:
4027:
4004:
3995:
3994:
3969:
3963:
3962:
3944:
3931:
3930:
3909:
3903:
3902:
3881:
3860:
3845:
3839:
3832:
3826:
3811:
3805:
3803:
3802:
3797:
3791:
3784:
3778:
3771:
3765:
3749:
3742:
3736:
3732:
3726:
3715:
3709:
3706:
3700:
3694:
3688:
3681:
3675:
3665:
3659:
3644:
3638:
3635:
3629:
3614:Demargne, Pierre
3610:
3604:
3600:
3594:
3591:
3585:
3583:
3572:
3562:
3551:
3545:
3538:
3532:
3521:
3515:
3512:
3506:
3486:
3485:
3482:
3479:
3473:
3467:
3449:
3443:
3436:
3338:
3322:
3304:
3288:
3272:
3106:
3099:
3095:
3092:
3086:
3084:
3043:
3019:
3011:
2993:Edward Zahrabian
2883:
2867:
2845:British Columbia
2794:Wycliffe College
2739:Canisius College
2691:
2684:
2680:
2677:
2671:
2669:
2628:
2604:
2596:
2523:and is based in
2511:
2485:
2469:
2452:
2401:Albus Dumbledore
1991:
1971:
1875:Wingless griffin
1737:
1717:
1699:Coat-of-arms of
1696:
1684:
1658:
1642:
1605:The Singing Bone
1395:
1389:
1371:
1368:
1288:Temple of Apollo
1080:Jewish mythology
1008:
934:
873:
872: 3300–3100
870:
853:cosmetic palette
705:
685:
671:
661:
654:
642:Art in antiquity
605:
585:
509:
503:
493:
487:
471:
407:
378:
345:
330:Persian language
304:
303:
292:
291:
286:
285:
280:
279:
270:
268:
115:
105:
103:
65:, original from
27:Legendary animal
21:
9867:
9866:
9862:
9861:
9860:
9858:
9857:
9856:
9837:Heraldic beasts
9807:
9806:
9805:
9800:
9783:
9781:
9765:
9717:
9641:
9623:
9618:
9610:
9602:
9594:
9586:
9576:
9566:
9558:
9555:
9547:
9542:
9532:
9524:
9516:
9511:
9503:
9500:
9491:
9488:
9479:
9476:
9465:
9403:
9394:
9391:
9382:
9379:
9370:
9367:
9358:
9355:
9346:
9343:
9332:
9323:
9320:
9311:
9308:
9297:
9265:
9231:Hungerford knot
9201:Cavendish/Savoy
9177:
9114:
8929:
8863:
8800:
8739:
8594:
8561:
8484:
8368:
8313:
8258:
8253:
8223:
8172:"Griffin"
8169:
8160:
8155:
8119:
8117:Further reading
8114:
8097:
8088:
8069:
8030:(Spring 1956).
8012:10.2307/3248792
7991:
7967:
7946:
7936:Applewood Books
7911:
7890:
7874:Mayor, Adrienne
7842:Mayor, Adrienne
7834:
7818:Mayor, Adrienne
7794:10.2307/4199609
7776:(Autumn 1956).
7739:
7738:
7692:. Golden Press.
7652:
7598:
7566:
7550:Costello, Peter
7507:
7506:
7497:
7496:
7492:
7468:
7462:Wayback Machine
7453:
7449:
7440:
7438:
7432:
7431:
7427:
7418:
7416:
7415:, 12 March 2016
7409:
7408:
7404:
7396:
7392:
7384:
7380:
7372:
7368:
7360:
7356:
7351:. Reed College.
7347:
7346:
7342:
7330:
7326:
7318:
7314:
7304:
7303:
7299:
7291:
7287:
7279:
7275:
7242:
7238:
7227:
7223:
7211:
7207:
7195:
7191:
7183:
7179:
7151:
7147:
7139:
7135:
7127:
7123:
7107:
7103:
7095:
7091:
7086:
7082:
7072:
7070:
7057:
7056:
7052:
7041:
7037:
7022:
7008:
7004:
6990:
6986:
6967:
6963:
6951:
6947:
6931:
6922:
6915:
6898:
6894:
6886:
6870:
6863:
6857:
6833:
6831:
6827:
6819:The Two Sisters
6814:
6810:
6803:
6785:
6781:
6774:
6755:
6751:
6736:
6732:
6725:
6708:
6704:
6696:
6692:
6684:
6677:
6669:
6662:
6654:
6650:
6641:
6637:
6621:
6617:
6609:
6605:
6597:
6588:
6580:
6571:
6563:
6559:
6551:
6547:
6537:
6514:
6503:
6495:
6488:
6472:
6465:
6459:Costello (1979)
6453:
6449:
6434:
6430:
6421:
6407:
6403:
6395:
6391:
6383:
6376:
6368:
6364:
6358:
6342:Albertus Magnus
6339:
6335:
6323:
6319:
6312:
6294:
6290:
6283:
6256:
6249:
6243:IV.152 (p. 284)
6241:
6236:
6229:
6223:Delplace (1980)
6219:Westgate (2011)
6217:
6213:
6206:
6188:
6184:
6176:
6172:
6157:
6153:
6146:
6128:
6124:
6114:
6112:
6104:
6103:
6099:
6082:
6078:
6070:
6066:
6058:
6054:
6046:
6042:
6026:
6019:
6013:
5992:
5985:
5976:
5972:
5960:
5956:
5939:
5935:
5919:
5915:
5908:
5889:
5882:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5858:
5848:
5844:F. C. Conybeare
5835:
5831:
5823:
5819:
5813:
5785:Pliny the Elder
5782:
5775:
5767:
5763:
5757:Costello (1979)
5747:
5743:
5737:Phillips (1955)
5735:
5728:
5719:
5715:
5695:
5686:
5680:Phillips (1955)
5678:
5674:
5669:
5665:
5645:
5641:
5633:
5626:
5620:Phillips (1955)
5618:
5614:
5606:
5593:
5577:
5573:
5553:
5549:
5537:
5533:
5525:
5521:
5513:
5509:
5501:
5497:
5489:
5482:
5474:
5470:
5460:
5458:
5456:
5440:
5436:
5426:
5424:
5422:
5402:
5398:
5388:
5386:
5384:
5368:
5364:
5354:
5352:
5350:
5334:
5330:
5322:
5318:
5307:
5303:
5292:
5288:
5268:
5261:
5251:
5249:
5240:
5239:
5235:
5216:
5212:
5204:
5200:
5191:
5190:
5186:
5172:
5168:
5154:
5130:
5126:
5117:
5113:
5105:
5101:
5093:
5089:
5081:
5074:
5069:
5065:
5057:
5053:
5048:
5044:
5038:
5034:
5024:
5022:
5013:
5012:
5008:
5001:
4982:
4973:
4965:
4956:
4946:
4944:
4933:
4932:
4928:
4920:
4909:
4888:
4881:
4873:
4869:
4861:
4857:
4848:
4844:
4836:
4832:
4824:
4815:
4807:
4803:
4790:
4786:
4778:
4774:
4766:
4762:
4754:
4750:
4743:
4727:
4720:
4712:
4701:
4693:
4689:
4681:
4677:
4669:
4665:
4657:
4644:
4628:
4624:
4616:
4612:
4590:
4586:
4579:
4563:
4559:
4555:, pp. 186.
4551:
4547:
4539:
4535:
4522:
4518:
4510:
4506:
4494:
4490:
4484:
4466:
4459:
4435:
4431:
4423:
4419:
4387:Griffith, F. Ll
4384:
4375:
4323:
4319:
4313:
4291:
4287:
4277:
4266:
4262:
4244:10.2307/3257932
4228:
4224:
4206:
4193:
4171:
4164:
4158:
4141:
4137:
4118:
4114:
4106:
4099:
4072:
4068:
4040:, volume 2A of
4035:
4031:
4024:
4005:
3998:
3970:
3966:
3959:
3945:
3934:
3927:British Academy
3910:
3906:
3882:
3878:
3869:
3864:
3863:
3846:
3842:
3833:
3829:
3815:Harun al-Rashid
3812:
3808:
3798:
3794:
3785:
3781:
3772:
3768:
3762:Perseus Project
3743:
3739:
3733:
3729:
3716:
3712:
3707:
3703:
3695:
3691:
3687:, p. 321).
3682:
3678:
3666:
3662:
3645:
3641:
3636:
3632:
3622:Blegen, Carl W.
3611:
3607:
3601:
3597:
3592:
3588:
3577:
3575:Bernardini tomb
3568:
3558:
3552:
3548:
3544:no. 80, p. 20).
3539:
3535:
3522:
3518:
3513:
3509:
3495:
3490:
3474:
3470:
3450:
3446:
3437:
3433:
3428:
3356:
3349:
3346:forest industry
3339:
3330:
3323:
3314:
3308:Rogue taxidermy
3305:
3296:
3293:Kasteel de Haar
3289:
3280:
3273:
3264:
3240:griffon vulture
3232:
3224:General Atomics
3198:
3107:
3096:
3090:
3087:
3044:
3042:
3032:
3020:
3009:
2985:
2959:
2957:Amusement parks
2925:
2895:
2894:
2893:
2892:
2891:
2884:
2876:
2875:
2868:
2857:
2715:Sir Thomas Pope
2692:
2681:
2675:
2672:
2629:
2627:
2617:
2605:
2594:
2588:
2569:Saab Automobile
2552:Saab Automobile
2540:Vauxhall Motors
2505:
2499:
2493:
2492:
2491:
2490:
2489:
2486:
2478:
2477:
2470:
2459:
2446:
2417:
2310:Ragnarok Online
2277:
2275:Popular fiction
2272:
2256:Paleontologist
2204:Dzungarian Gate
2196:
2191:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2173:
2136:Ripon Cathedral
2085:Dante Alighieri
2060:
2006:
2005:
2004:
2003:
2002:
1992:
1984:
1983:
1972:
1961:
1959:In architecture
1937:
1903:
1877:
1872:
1858:
1853:
1835:(historically,
1799:
1747:
1746:
1745:
1744:
1743:
1738:
1730:
1729:
1718:
1709:
1708:
1707:
1697:
1689:
1688:
1685:
1674:
1673:
1672:
1671:
1670:
1659:
1651:
1650:
1643:
1632:
1626:
1613:The Twa Sisters
1582:
1561:
1493:
1478:'s manuscript (
1451:as a symbol of
1402:
1378:Albertus Magnus
1369:
1339:
1261:
1259:Divine creature
1219:. According to
1213:Pliny the Elder
1209:
1207:Pliny and later
1182:
1143:
1138:
1124:) of the deity
1051:
1019:
1002:
980:Late Bronze Age
935:
928:Olympia, Greece
925:
910:
904:
880:
871:
861:Two Dog Palette
841:
812:'s successors.
787:
770:Bernard Goldman
746:Akkadian Empire
702:in Mesopotamia
696:
691:
690:
689:
688:
687:
686:
680:
672:
664:
663:
662:
659:
655:
644:
632:
612:
599:
586:
575:
567:
558:
530:
528:§ Variants
520:
464:
372:
314:
271:
256:
248:
243:
200:Pliny the Elder
174:
118:Classical Latin
69:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9865:
9855:
9854:
9849:
9844:
9839:
9834:
9829:
9824:
9819:
9802:
9801:
9799:
9798:
9797:
9796:
9779:
9774:
9770:
9767:
9766:
9764:
9763:
9758:
9753:
9748:
9743:
9742:
9741:
9731:
9725:
9723:
9719:
9718:
9716:
9715:
9713:Trophy of arms
9710:
9705:
9704:
9703:
9693:
9692:
9691:
9681:
9676:
9675:
9674:
9672:banner of arms
9664:
9659:
9653:
9651:
9647:
9646:
9643:
9642:
9640:
9639:
9634:
9628:
9626:
9620:
9619:
9617:
9616:
9608:
9600:
9592:
9584:
9574:
9564:
9552:
9550:
9544:
9543:
9541:
9540:
9530:
9521:
9519:
9513:
9512:
9510:
9509:
9498:
9486:
9473:
9471:
9467:
9466:
9464:
9463:
9462:
9461:
9446:
9445:
9444:
9439:
9434:
9429:
9413:
9411:
9405:
9404:
9402:
9401:
9389:
9377:
9365:
9353:
9340:
9338:
9334:
9333:
9331:
9330:
9318:
9305:
9303:
9296:
9295:
9290:
9285:
9279:
9277:
9271:
9270:
9267:
9266:
9264:
9263:
9258:
9256:Tristram/Bowen
9253:
9248:
9243:
9238:
9233:
9228:
9223:
9218:
9213:
9208:
9203:
9198:
9193:
9187:
9185:
9179:
9178:
9176:
9175:
9170:
9165:
9160:
9159:
9158:
9148:
9143:
9138:
9133:
9128:
9122:
9120:
9116:
9115:
9113:
9112:
9107:
9102:
9097:
9092:
9087:
9082:
9077:
9072:
9067:
9062:
9057:
9052:
9047:
9042:
9037:
9032:
9027:
9022:
9017:
9012:
9007:
9002:
8997:
8992:
8987:
8986:
8985:
8975:
8970:
8965:
8960:
8955:
8950:
8945:
8939:
8937:
8931:
8930:
8928:
8927:
8922:
8917:
8912:
8907:
8902:
8897:
8892:
8887:
8882:
8877:
8871:
8869:
8865:
8864:
8862:
8861:
8856:
8851:
8850:
8849:
8844:
8834:
8829:
8824:
8819:
8814:
8808:
8806:
8802:
8801:
8799:
8798:
8793:
8788:
8783:
8778:
8773:
8768:
8763:
8758:
8753:
8747:
8745:
8741:
8740:
8738:
8737:
8732:
8731:
8730:
8720:
8715:
8710:
8705:
8700:
8695:
8690:
8685:
8680:
8675:
8670:
8665:
8660:
8655:
8650:
8645:
8640:
8630:
8625:
8620:
8615:
8610:
8604:
8602:
8593:
8592:
8587:
8582:
8577:
8571:
8569:
8563:
8562:
8560:
8559:
8554:
8549:
8548:
8547:
8537:
8536:
8535:
8525:
8520:
8515:
8510:
8505:
8500:
8494:
8492:
8486:
8485:
8483:
8482:
8477:
8472:
8471:
8470:
8465:
8455:
8450:
8449:
8448:
8443:
8433:
8428:
8427:
8426:
8416:
8411:
8410:
8409:
8399:
8394:
8393:
8392:
8382:
8376:
8374:
8370:
8369:
8367:
8366:
8361:
8356:
8351:
8350:
8349:
8342:Ecclesiastical
8339:
8338:
8337:
8332:
8321:
8319:
8315:
8314:
8312:
8311:
8310:
8309:
8304:
8299:
8294:
8284:
8279:
8274:
8269:
8263:
8260:
8259:
8252:
8251:
8244:
8237:
8229:
8222:
8221:
8203:
8197:
8192:
8185:
8184:
8183:
8167:
8159:
8158:External links
8156:
8154:
8153:
8146:
8135:
8120:
8118:
8115:
8113:
8112:
8098:(in Persian).
8073:
8067:
8052:
8024:
8006:(2): 161–177.
7995:
7989:
7974:
7965:
7950:
7945:978-0918222374
7944:
7927:
7916:
7909:
7894:
7888:
7870:
7852:(1–2): 40–66.
7838:
7833:978-0691150130
7832:
7814:
7788:(2): 150–167.
7770:
7757:
7752:, abbreviated
7726:
7714:10.2307/501330
7708:(4): 319–328.
7694:
7680:
7663:(4): 455–480,
7645:
7602:
7596:
7581:
7570:
7564:
7546:
7537:
7516:
7490:
7474:
7473:
7472:
7467:
7466:
7447:
7425:
7402:
7390:
7378:
7366:
7354:
7340:
7324:
7312:
7307:Cretalive News
7297:
7285:
7273:
7236:
7221:
7215:, p. 58;
7205:
7189:
7177:
7145:
7143:, p. 100.
7141:Edwards (2005)
7133:
7121:
7101:
7089:
7080:
7050:
7035:
7020:
7002:
6984:
6961:
6945:
6920:
6913:
6892:
6884:
6861:
6855:
6825:
6808:
6801:
6789:"Singing Bone"
6779:
6772:
6749:
6730:
6723:
6702:
6690:
6675:
6673:, p. 278.
6660:
6648:
6635:
6631:Edwards (2005)
6615:
6603:
6586:
6569:
6557:
6545:
6535:
6501:
6499:, p. 277.
6486:
6463:
6447:
6428:
6401:
6399:, p. 122.
6389:
6387:, p. 121.
6374:
6372:, p. 144.
6362:
6356:
6333:
6317:
6310:
6288:
6281:
6247:
6227:
6211:
6204:
6182:
6170:
6151:
6144:
6122:
6097:
6076:
6064:
6052:
6050:, p. 469.
6040:
6017:
6011:
5983:
5970:
5954:
5933:
5913:
5906:
5892:Pomponius Mela
5880:
5856:
5829:
5817:
5811:
5773:
5761:
5741:
5739:, p. 163.
5726:
5713:
5684:
5682:, p. 161.
5672:
5663:
5639:
5624:
5612:
5591:
5587:Pierre Amandry
5571:
5567:Goldman (1960)
5560:Jantzen (1955)
5547:
5543:Goldman (1960)
5531:
5527:Goldman (1960)
5519:
5515:Jantzen (1955)
5507:
5503:Goldman (1960)
5495:
5480:
5478:, p. 113.
5468:
5455:978-3525538920
5454:
5434:
5421:978-1588392954
5420:
5396:
5383:978-3525538920
5382:
5362:
5349:978-0300179521
5348:
5328:
5316:
5301:
5286:
5259:
5233:
5229:Goldman (1960)
5210:
5198:
5184:
5166:
5124:
5111:
5109:, p. 324.
5107:Goldman (1960)
5099:
5095:Goldman (1960)
5087:
5085:, p. 320.
5072:
5063:
5059:Goldman (1960)
5051:
5042:
5032:
5006:
4999:
4971:
4969:, p. 107.
4954:
4926:
4924:, p. 106.
4907:
4879:
4867:
4863:Goldman (1960)
4855:
4842:
4830:
4813:
4809:Goldman (1960)
4801:
4793:Goldman (1960)
4784:
4780:Goldman (1960)
4772:
4768:Goldman (1960)
4760:
4748:
4741:
4718:
4716:, p. 108.
4699:
4697:, p. 322.
4695:Goldman (1960)
4687:
4683:Jantzen (1955)
4675:
4673:, p. 434.
4663:
4661:, p. 321.
4659:Goldman (1960)
4642:
4622:
4610:
4584:
4577:
4557:
4545:
4543:, p. 187.
4533:
4516:
4504:
4495:David glosses
4488:
4482:
4457:
4429:
4417:
4407:, tomb no. 5.
4373:
4326:Henning, W. B.
4317:
4311:
4285:
4260:
4222:
4191:
4162:
4156:
4135:
4112:
4097:
4066:
4029:
4022:
3996:
3964:
3957:
3932:
3904:
3875:
3874:
3873:
3868:
3865:
3862:
3861:
3840:
3827:
3806:
3792:
3779:
3766:
3737:
3727:
3710:
3701:
3689:
3685:Goldman (1960)
3676:
3674:, p. 160.
3660:
3639:
3630:
3605:
3595:
3586:
3546:
3533:
3531:, p. 108.
3516:
3507:
3502:
3501:
3498:
3497:
3492:
3468:
3444:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3422:
3416:
3410:
3404:
3398:
3392:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3363:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3350:
3340:
3333:
3331:
3329:'s map (1587).
3324:
3317:
3315:
3306:
3299:
3297:
3290:
3283:
3281:
3274:
3267:
3263:
3260:
3252:Vultur gryphus
3231:
3228:
3217:Heinkel He 177
3197:
3194:
3190:Sheldon Cooper
3135:World of Quest
3109:
3108:
3023:
3021:
3014:
3008:
3005:
2984:
2981:
2973:Sandusky, Ohio
2958:
2955:
2924:
2921:
2885:
2878:
2877:
2869:
2862:
2861:
2860:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2824:The mascot of
2806:The mascot of
2799:The mascot of
2790:private school
2694:
2693:
2676:September 2017
2608:
2606:
2599:
2587:
2584:
2497:§ Eponymy
2487:
2480:
2479:
2471:
2464:
2463:
2462:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2457:Logos, mascots
2455:
2416:
2413:
2380:Hazel Levesque
2276:
2273:
2271:
2270:Modern culture
2268:
2258:Mark P. Witton
2236:Psittacosaurus
2221:Adrienne Mayor
2213:Psittacosaurus
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2074:Persian poetry
2070:
2069:
2059:
2056:
2048:City of London
2026:Pisa Cathedral
1993:
1986:
1985:
1980:Pisa Cathedral
1973:
1966:
1965:
1964:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1936:
1933:
1913:gryphon-marine
1902:
1899:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1798:
1795:
1739:
1732:
1731:
1719:
1712:
1711:
1710:
1703:, Germany, in
1698:
1691:
1690:
1686:
1679:
1678:
1677:
1676:
1675:
1660:
1653:
1652:
1644:
1637:
1636:
1635:
1634:
1633:
1625:
1622:
1581:
1578:
1560:
1557:
1553:Pope Cornelius
1492:
1489:
1465:§In literature
1401:
1398:
1338:
1335:
1260:
1257:
1237:Pomponius Mela
1221:Adrienne Mayor
1208:
1205:
1181:
1178:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1082:speaks of the
1050:
1047:
1018:
1015:
932:Olympia museum
924:
903:
900:
879:
876:
840:
837:
794:Persian Empire
786:
783:
762:Achaemenid art
700:cylinder seals
695:
692:
679:
673:
666:
665:
658:
656:
649:
648:
647:
646:
645:
643:
640:
631:
628:
611:
608:
597:Barberini tomb
574:
566:
563:
557:
554:
519:
516:
480:Deir El Bersha
463:
462:Egyptian names
460:
359:Middle Persian
328:In the modern
313:
310:
255:
247:
244:
242:
239:
173:
170:
134:Medieval Latin
52:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9864:
9853:
9850:
9848:
9845:
9843:
9840:
9838:
9835:
9833:
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9828:
9825:
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9815:
9814:
9812:
9795:
9792:
9791:
9790:
9780:
9778:
9775:
9772:
9771:
9768:
9762:
9761:Sigillography
9759:
9757:
9754:
9752:
9749:
9747:
9744:
9740:
9737:
9736:
9735:
9732:
9730:
9727:
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9711:
9709:
9706:
9702:
9699:
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9673:
9670:
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9663:
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9655:
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9652:
9648:
9638:
9635:
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9609:
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9387:
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9375:
9366:
9363:
9354:
9351:
9342:
9341:
9339:
9335:
9328:
9319:
9316:
9307:
9306:
9304:
9300:
9294:
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9289:
9286:
9284:
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9280:
9278:
9276:
9272:
9262:
9259:
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9254:
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9242:
9239:
9237:
9234:
9232:
9229:
9227:
9224:
9222:
9219:
9217:
9214:
9212:
9209:
9207:
9204:
9202:
9199:
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9189:
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9186:
9184:
9180:
9174:
9171:
9169:
9166:
9164:
9161:
9157:
9154:
9153:
9152:
9149:
9147:
9144:
9142:
9139:
9137:
9134:
9132:
9131:Laurel wreath
9129:
9127:
9124:
9123:
9121:
9117:
9111:
9108:
9106:
9103:
9101:
9098:
9096:
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9068:
9066:
9063:
9061:
9058:
9056:
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9051:
9048:
9046:
9043:
9041:
9038:
9036:
9033:
9031:
9028:
9026:
9023:
9021:
9018:
9016:
9013:
9011:
9008:
9006:
9003:
9001:
8998:
8996:
8993:
8991:
8988:
8984:
8981:
8980:
8979:
8976:
8974:
8971:
8969:
8966:
8964:
8961:
8959:
8956:
8954:
8951:
8949:
8946:
8944:
8941:
8940:
8938:
8936:
8932:
8926:
8923:
8921:
8918:
8916:
8913:
8911:
8908:
8906:
8903:
8901:
8898:
8896:
8893:
8891:
8888:
8886:
8883:
8881:
8878:
8876:
8873:
8872:
8870:
8866:
8860:
8857:
8855:
8852:
8848:
8845:
8843:
8840:
8839:
8838:
8835:
8833:
8830:
8828:
8825:
8823:
8820:
8818:
8815:
8813:
8810:
8809:
8807:
8803:
8797:
8794:
8792:
8789:
8787:
8784:
8782:
8779:
8777:
8774:
8772:
8769:
8767:
8764:
8762:
8759:
8757:
8754:
8752:
8749:
8748:
8746:
8742:
8736:
8733:
8729:
8726:
8725:
8724:
8721:
8719:
8716:
8714:
8711:
8709:
8706:
8704:
8701:
8699:
8696:
8694:
8691:
8689:
8686:
8684:
8681:
8679:
8676:
8674:
8671:
8669:
8666:
8664:
8661:
8659:
8656:
8654:
8651:
8649:
8646:
8644:
8641:
8638:
8634:
8631:
8629:
8626:
8624:
8621:
8619:
8616:
8614:
8611:
8609:
8606:
8605:
8603:
8601:
8597:
8591:
8588:
8586:
8583:
8581:
8578:
8576:
8573:
8572:
8570:
8568:
8564:
8558:
8555:
8553:
8550:
8546:
8543:
8542:
8541:
8538:
8534:
8531:
8530:
8529:
8526:
8524:
8521:
8519:
8516:
8514:
8511:
8509:
8506:
8504:
8501:
8499:
8496:
8495:
8493:
8491:
8487:
8481:
8478:
8476:
8473:
8469:
8466:
8464:
8461:
8460:
8459:
8456:
8454:
8451:
8447:
8444:
8442:
8439:
8438:
8437:
8434:
8432:
8429:
8425:
8422:
8421:
8420:
8417:
8415:
8412:
8408:
8405:
8404:
8403:
8400:
8398:
8395:
8391:
8388:
8387:
8386:
8383:
8381:
8378:
8377:
8375:
8371:
8365:
8362:
8360:
8357:
8355:
8352:
8348:
8345:
8344:
8343:
8340:
8336:
8333:
8331:
8328:
8327:
8326:
8323:
8322:
8320:
8316:
8308:
8305:
8303:
8300:
8298:
8295:
8293:
8290:
8289:
8288:
8285:
8283:
8280:
8278:
8275:
8273:
8272:Grant of arms
8270:
8268:
8265:
8264:
8261:
8257:
8250:
8245:
8243:
8238:
8236:
8231:
8230:
8227:
8218:
8217:
8212:
8208:
8204:
8201:
8198:
8196:
8193:
8190:
8187:
8186:
8180:
8179:
8173:
8168:
8165:
8164:Griffin bones
8162:
8161:
8151:
8147:
8144:
8140:
8136:
8133:
8129:
8125:
8122:
8121:
8109:
8105:
8101:
8094:
8087:
8085:
8081:
8074:
8070:
8068:9780313243387
8064:
8060:
8059:
8053:
8049:
8045:
8041:
8037:
8033:
8029:
8025:
8021:
8017:
8013:
8009:
8005:
8001:
8000:Artibus Asiae
7996:
7992:
7990:9781477323632
7986:
7982:
7981:
7975:
7972:
7968:
7966:9780195095616
7962:
7958:
7957:
7951:
7947:
7941:
7937:
7933:
7928:
7924:
7923:
7917:
7912:
7910:9780807890332
7906:
7902:
7901:
7895:
7891:
7885:
7881:
7880:
7875:
7871:
7867:
7863:
7859:
7855:
7851:
7847:
7843:
7839:
7835:
7829:
7825:
7824:
7819:
7815:
7811:
7807:
7803:
7799:
7795:
7791:
7787:
7783:
7779:
7775:
7771:
7767:
7764:(in French).
7763:
7758:
7755:
7749:
7743:
7735:
7731:
7727:
7723:
7719:
7715:
7711:
7707:
7703:
7699:
7695:
7691:
7690:
7685:
7681:
7678:
7674:
7670:
7666:
7662:
7658:
7651:
7646:
7643:
7639:
7635:
7631:
7627:
7623:
7619:
7615:
7611:
7608:(1936–1937),
7607:
7603:
7599:
7597:9780521017480
7593:
7589:
7588:
7582:
7578:
7577:
7571:
7567:
7565:9780722125533
7561:
7557:
7556:
7555:The Magic Zoo
7551:
7547:
7543:
7538:
7534:
7530:
7526:
7522:
7517:
7513:
7501:
7493:
7491:9781575066127
7487:
7483:
7482:
7476:
7475:
7470:
7469:
7463:
7459:
7456:
7451:
7437:
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7414:
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7406:
7399:
7394:
7387:
7382:
7375:
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7350:
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7174:
7168:
7164:
7160:
7156:
7149:
7142:
7137:
7130:
7125:
7118:
7117:Coleman Barks
7114:
7110:
7105:
7098:
7097:The City Arms
7093:
7084:
7068:
7064:
7060:
7054:
7046:
7039:
7031:
7027:
7023:
7017:
7013:
7006:
6999:
6998:
6993:
6988:
6979:
6975:
6971:
6965:
6959:
6956:supporter of
6955:
6949:
6941:
6940:
6935:
6929:
6927:
6925:
6916:
6910:
6906:
6902:
6896:
6887:
6881:
6877:
6876:
6868:
6866:
6858:
6856:9781135861377
6852:
6848:
6847:
6842:
6836:
6829:
6821:
6820:
6812:
6804:
6802:9780912483511
6798:
6794:
6790:
6783:
6775:
6773:9780520306783
6769:
6765:
6764:
6759:
6753:
6745:
6741:
6734:
6726:
6720:
6716:
6712:
6706:
6700:, p. 46.
6699:
6694:
6687:
6682:
6680:
6672:
6667:
6665:
6657:
6652:
6645:
6639:
6632:
6629:
6625:
6619:
6612:
6607:
6601:, p. 47.
6600:
6595:
6593:
6591:
6584:, p. 44.
6583:
6578:
6576:
6574:
6566:
6561:
6554:
6549:
6542:
6538:
6536:1-85422-433-6
6532:
6528:
6527:
6522:
6518:
6512:
6510:
6508:
6506:
6498:
6493:
6491:
6482:
6481:
6476:
6470:
6468:
6460:
6456:
6451:
6445:, p. 122
6444:
6440:
6439:
6432:
6424:
6417:
6416:
6411:
6405:
6398:
6393:
6386:
6381:
6379:
6371:
6366:
6359:
6357:9780866980326
6353:
6349:
6348:
6343:
6337:
6330:
6326:
6321:
6313:
6311:9780892362233
6307:
6303:
6299:
6292:
6284:
6282:9780674991309
6278:
6274:
6270:
6269:
6264:
6260:
6254:
6252:
6244:
6239:
6234:
6232:
6224:
6220:
6215:
6207:
6205:9781910589212
6201:
6197:
6193:
6186:
6179:
6174:
6166:
6161:
6155:
6147:
6145:9781474461702
6141:
6137:
6133:
6126:
6111:
6107:
6101:
6094:
6093:
6088:
6087:
6080:
6073:
6072:Franks (2009)
6068:
6061:
6060:Franks (2009)
6056:
6049:
6048:Franks (2009)
6044:
6036:
6035:
6030:
6024:
6022:
6014:
6012:9781474417105
6008:
6004:
6000:
5996:
5990:
5988:
5980:
5974:
5967:
5963:
5958:
5951:
5947:
5943:
5937:
5929:
5928:
5923:
5917:
5909:
5903:
5899:
5898:
5893:
5887:
5885:
5877:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5853:
5845:
5841:
5840:
5833:
5826:
5821:
5814:
5812:9780598910769
5808:
5804:
5800:
5796:
5792:
5791:
5786:
5780:
5778:
5770:
5765:
5759:, p. 75.
5758:
5754:
5753:Bolton (1962)
5751:, n9, citing
5750:
5745:
5738:
5733:
5731:
5723:
5717:
5709:
5708:
5703:
5699:
5693:
5691:
5689:
5681:
5676:
5667:
5659:
5655:
5654:
5649:
5643:
5636:
5631:
5629:
5621:
5616:
5610:, p. 42.
5609:
5604:
5602:
5600:
5598:
5596:
5588:
5584:
5580:
5579:Benson (1960)
5575:
5569:, p. 319
5568:
5564:
5561:
5557:
5551:
5544:
5540:
5535:
5528:
5523:
5516:
5511:
5504:
5499:
5493:, p. 58.
5492:
5491:Benson (1960)
5487:
5485:
5477:
5472:
5457:
5451:
5447:
5446:
5438:
5423:
5417:
5413:
5409:
5408:
5400:
5385:
5379:
5375:
5374:
5366:
5351:
5345:
5341:
5340:
5332:
5325:
5320:
5314:
5310:
5305:
5299:
5295:
5290:
5282:
5278:
5277:
5272:
5266:
5264:
5247:
5246:Buffaloah.com
5243:
5237:
5230:
5227:
5223:
5220:
5214:
5207:
5206:Benson (1960)
5202:
5194:
5188:
5180:
5176:
5170:
5162:
5158:
5150:
5143:
5139:
5135:
5128:
5121:
5115:
5108:
5103:
5096:
5091:
5084:
5079:
5077:
5067:
5060:
5055:
5046:
5036:
5021:. 6 July 2017
5020:
5016:
5010:
5002:
5000:9780199284207
4996:
4992:
4991:
4986:
4980:
4978:
4976:
4968:
4963:
4961:
4959:
4942:
4938:
4937:
4930:
4923:
4918:
4916:
4914:
4912:
4904:
4898:
4897:
4892:
4886:
4884:
4877:, p. 64.
4876:
4875:Benson (1960)
4871:
4864:
4859:
4852:
4846:
4839:
4838:Benson (1960)
4834:
4828:, p. 63.
4827:
4826:Benson (1960)
4822:
4820:
4818:
4810:
4805:
4798:
4794:
4788:
4781:
4776:
4769:
4764:
4757:
4752:
4744:
4742:9780700714520
4738:
4734:
4733:
4725:
4723:
4715:
4710:
4708:
4706:
4704:
4696:
4691:
4684:
4679:
4672:
4667:
4660:
4655:
4653:
4651:
4649:
4647:
4639:
4638:Benson (1960)
4636:
4632:
4626:
4619:
4618:Benson (1960)
4614:
4607:
4603:
4599:
4594:
4588:
4580:
4578:9780892362233
4574:
4570:
4569:
4561:
4554:
4549:
4542:
4537:
4530:
4526:
4520:
4513:
4508:
4499:
4492:
4485:
4483:9781803271613
4479:
4475:
4471:
4464:
4462:
4454:
4451:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4426:
4421:
4414:
4412:
4406:
4402:
4398:
4397:
4392:
4388:
4382:
4380:
4378:
4371:
4367:
4364:
4359:
4355:
4351:
4347:
4343:
4339:
4336:(1): 41, 42,
4335:
4331:
4327:
4321:
4314:
4312:9789004235458
4308:
4304:
4300:
4296:
4289:
4282:
4274:
4270:
4264:
4257:
4253:
4249:
4245:
4241:
4238:(3): 95–101,
4237:
4233:
4226:
4218:
4214:
4210:
4204:
4202:
4200:
4198:
4196:
4187:
4183:
4182:East and West
4179:
4175:
4169:
4167:
4159:
4157:9788871662480
4153:
4149:
4145:
4139:
4131:
4127:
4123:
4116:
4109:
4108:Taheri (2013)
4104:
4102:
4088:
4084:
4080:
4076:
4070:
4063:
4062:
4057:
4053:
4052:0-385-24693-5
4049:
4045:
4044:
4039:
4033:
4025:
4023:9781411665262
4019:
4015:
4014:
4009:
4003:
4001:
3993:
3991:
3987:
3981:
3977:
3976:
3968:
3960:
3954:
3950:
3943:
3941:
3939:
3937:
3928:
3924:
3920:
3919:
3914:
3908:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3891:
3886:
3885:Félix Gaffiot
3880:
3876:
3871:
3870:
3858:
3854:
3850:
3844:
3837:
3831:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3810:
3796:
3789:
3783:
3776:
3770:
3763:
3759:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3741:
3731:
3724:
3720:
3714:
3705:
3698:
3693:
3686:
3680:
3673:
3669:
3668:Godard, André
3664:
3657:
3653:
3649:
3643:
3634:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3609:
3599:
3590:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3550:
3543:
3537:
3530:
3526:
3520:
3511:
3493:
3488:
3487:
3484:
3483:
3478:
3472:
3465:
3461:
3458:
3454:
3448:
3441:
3435:
3431:
3420:
3417:
3414:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3402:
3399:
3396:
3393:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3364:
3361:
3358:
3357:
3347:
3343:
3342:UPM (company)
3337:
3332:
3328:
3321:
3316:
3313:
3309:
3303:
3298:
3294:
3287:
3282:
3278:
3271:
3266:
3265:
3259:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3248:Andean condor
3245:
3241:
3237:
3227:
3225:
3221:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3205:
3203:
3193:
3191:
3187:
3186:
3182:
3177:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3166:
3165:Latitude Zero
3160:
3158:
3157:
3151:
3149:
3148:
3143:
3142:
3137:
3136:
3132:
3126:
3124:
3123:
3118:
3117:
3105:
3102:
3094:
3083:
3080:
3076:
3073:
3069:
3066:
3062:
3059:
3055:
3052: –
3051:
3047:
3046:Find sources:
3040:
3036:
3030:
3029:
3024:This section
3022:
3018:
3013:
3012:
3004:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2983:Iran Air Logo
2980:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2965:
2963:
2954:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2934:
2930:
2920:
2918:
2914:
2909:
2907:
2902:
2900:
2889:
2882:
2873:
2866:
2852:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2829:
2827:
2822:
2820:
2816:
2811:
2809:
2804:
2802:
2797:
2795:
2791:
2786:
2784:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2768:
2766:
2762:
2757:
2754:
2749:
2747:
2742:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2705:
2700:
2690:
2687:
2679:
2668:
2665:
2661:
2658:
2654:
2651:
2647:
2644:
2640:
2637: –
2636:
2632:
2631:Find sources:
2625:
2621:
2615:
2614:
2609:This section
2607:
2603:
2598:
2597:
2593:
2583:
2581:
2576:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2564:
2560:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2532:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2513:
2509:
2504:
2498:
2484:
2475:
2468:
2454:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2421:
2412:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2397:
2391:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2376:Percy Jackson
2373:
2369:
2368:
2362:
2360:
2359:
2353:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2338:
2336:
2335:
2330:
2329:
2324:
2323:
2318:
2317:
2312:
2311:
2306:
2305:
2300:
2299:
2294:
2293:
2288:
2287:
2282:
2267:
2264:
2263:Protoceratops
2259:
2254:
2251:
2250:Protoceratops
2246:
2243:
2238:
2237:
2232:
2231:
2230:Protoceratops
2226:
2222:
2215:
2214:
2209:
2208:Protoceratops
2205:
2200:
2185:
2182:
2174:
2169:
2167:
2163:
2162:
2161:Paradise Lost
2157:
2151:
2150:
2145:
2144:Lewis Carroll
2141:
2137:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2116:
2109:
2104:
2100:
2098:
2097:
2092:
2091:
2090:Divine Comedy
2086:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2068:
2067:
2062:
2061:
2055:
2053:
2049:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2033:architectural
2029:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2001:
1997:
1990:
1981:
1977:
1970:
1956:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1909:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1887:
1882:
1867:
1865:
1864:
1848:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1825:
1823:
1819:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1794:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1781:
1776:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1761:
1759:
1755:
1750:
1742:
1736:
1727:
1723:
1716:
1706:
1702:
1695:
1683:
1668:
1664:
1657:
1648:
1641:
1631:
1621:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1607:" tale type (
1606:
1601:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1577:
1573:
1565:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1533:
1527:
1525:
1521:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1502:
1497:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1482:
1477:
1473:
1468:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1445:
1444:noted above.
1443:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1425:
1423:
1417:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1397:
1394:
1388:
1383:
1379:
1364:
1359:
1351:
1343:
1334:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1256:
1254:
1248:
1246:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1232:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1189:
1187:
1177:
1175:
1170:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1133:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1106:
1104:
1103:Minoan Genius
1099:
1098:iconography.
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1064:Sumerian and
1062:
1060:
1056:
1043:
1038:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1014:
1012:
1006:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
976:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
941:ancient Crete
933:
929:
922:
919:
914:
909:
899:
897:
893:
889:
885:
875:
866:
863:dated to the
862:
858:
857:Hierakonpolis
854:
850:
846:
836:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
813:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
792:
782:
780:
776:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
750:
747:
742:
740:
736:
732:
727:
725:
721:
717:
713:
712:Proto-Elamite
709:
701:
684:
677:
670:
653:
639:
637:
627:
625:
620:
615:
607:
603:
598:
594:
583:
579:
571:
562:
553:
551:
547:
543:
534:
529:
525:
515:
513:
508:
502:
497:
492:
486:
481:
477:
476:
470:
459:
457:
456:W. B. Henning
453:
449:
445:
444:
439:
435:
434:
429:
425:
424:
419:
418:H. P. Schmidt
415:
411:
403:
399:
395:
390:
388:
387:
382:
376:
371:
367:
363:
360:
356:
351:
349:
344:
339:
335:
331:
323:
318:
312:Persian names
309:
307:
299:
294:
287:(gryph) from
264:
260:
252:
238:
236:
231:
229:
225:
221:
217:
212:
210:
205:
201:
197:
195:
191:
187:
183:
178:
169:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
114:
108:
99:
98:Ancient Greek
95:
91:
87:
79:
75:
68:
64:
60:
56:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
9751:Phaleristics
9684:Roll of arms
9650:Applications
9562:Bleu celeste
9548:Rare colours
9241:Ormonde/Wake
9126:Fleur-de-lis
8999:
8688:Inescutcheon
8653:Crozier head
8498:Coat of arms
8385:Augmentation
8292:King of Arms
8214:
8176:
8149:
8138:
8127:
8102:(4): 13–22.
8099:
8092:
8083:
8079:
8057:
8039:
8035:
8003:
7999:
7979:
7970:
7955:
7931:
7921:
7899:
7878:
7849:
7845:
7822:
7785:
7781:
7765:
7761:
7753:
7733:
7730:Jantzen, Ulf
7705:
7701:
7688:
7660:
7656:
7617:
7613:
7586:
7575:
7554:
7541:
7527:(2): 58–70.
7524:
7521:Antike Kunst
7520:
7480:
7471:Bibliography
7450:
7439:, retrieved
7434:
7428:
7417:, retrieved
7411:
7405:
7393:
7381:
7369:
7357:
7343:
7333:
7327:
7315:
7306:
7300:
7288:
7276:
7249:
7239:
7224:
7217:Mayor (2011)
7213:Mayor (1994)
7208:
7200:
7192:
7185:Mayor (2022)
7180:
7173:Mayor (2011)
7161:(6): 53–59.
7158:
7154:
7148:
7136:
7128:
7124:
7108:
7104:
7092:
7087:Hoffman, 318
7083:
7071:. Retrieved
7067:the original
7062:
7053:
7044:
7038:
7011:
7005:
6996:
6987:
6977:
6964:
6948:
6938:
6904:
6895:
6874:
6845:
6838:, to :
6828:
6818:
6811:
6792:
6782:
6762:
6752:
6743:
6739:
6733:
6714:
6711:White, T. H.
6705:
6698:Mayor (2022)
6693:
6686:Mayor (2022)
6656:Mayor (2022)
6651:
6638:
6633:, p. 225 n10
6627:
6624:Royal Beasts
6623:
6618:
6606:
6599:Mayor (2022)
6582:Mayor (2022)
6565:Mayor (2022)
6560:
6553:Mayor (2022)
6548:
6540:
6525:
6479:
6455:South (1987)
6450:
6436:
6431:
6426:@eaudrey.com
6414:
6404:
6392:
6365:
6346:
6336:
6331:, p. 51
6327:, n4 citing
6320:
6301:
6291:
6272:
6267:
6214:
6195:
6185:
6180:, p. 3.
6173:
6159:
6154:
6135:
6125:
6113:. Retrieved
6109:
6100:
6090:
6084:
6079:
6067:
6055:
6043:
6033:
6029:Hirst, G. M.
6002:
5995:Künzl, Ernst
5973:
5965:
5957:
5946:Mayor (2011)
5941:
5936:
5926:
5916:
5896:
5874:
5859:
5850:
5838:
5832:
5820:
5803:X.70 (p.539)
5795:John Bostock
5789:
5764:
5744:
5721:
5716:
5706:
5675:
5666:
5652:
5642:
5615:
5574:
5562:
5555:
5550:
5534:
5522:
5510:
5498:
5471:
5459:. Retrieved
5444:
5437:
5425:. Retrieved
5406:
5399:
5387:. Retrieved
5372:
5365:
5353:. Retrieved
5338:
5331:
5319:
5304:
5289:
5275:
5250:. Retrieved
5245:
5236:
5225:
5221:
5218:
5213:
5201:
5187:
5178:
5169:
5160:
5156:
5142:the original
5137:
5127:
5114:
5102:
5090:
5066:
5054:
5045:
5035:
5023:. Retrieved
5018:
5009:
4989:
4945:. Retrieved
4940:
4935:
4929:
4895:
4870:
4858:
4850:
4849:Examples of
4845:
4833:
4804:
4796:
4787:
4775:
4763:
4751:
4731:
4690:
4678:
4666:
4634:
4630:
4629:Third Group
4625:
4613:
4587:
4567:
4560:
4548:
4536:
4528:
4524:
4519:
4507:
4491:
4473:
4452:
4449:
4432:
4420:
4410:
4408:
4395:
4365:
4363:Acta Iranica
4362:
4333:
4329:
4320:
4302:
4295:Fine, Steven
4288:
4280:
4278:: 2087, n. 2
4272:
4269:Marr, N. Ya.
4263:
4255:
4235:
4234:, Series 2,
4231:
4225:
4216:
4185:
4181:
4147:
4138:
4129:
4125:
4115:
4078:
4069:
4060:
4042:
4038:Exodus 19–40
4037:
4032:
4012:
3989:
3985:
3983:
3980:Plate X, 144
3974:
3967:
3948:
3916:
3907:
3888:
3879:
3843:
3836:Polish noble
3830:
3809:
3795:
3782:
3769:
3755:
3740:
3730:
3713:
3704:
3692:
3679:
3663:
3655:
3652:André Godard
3642:
3633:
3625:
3617:
3608:
3598:
3589:
3565:this picture
3549:
3541:
3536:
3519:
3510:
3471:
3464:marəya saēna
3463:
3460:mərəγō saēnō
3459:
3452:
3447:
3434:
3327:Urbano Monti
3276:
3256:Douay-Rheims
3251:
3243:
3233:
3219:
3206:
3199:
3183:
3178:
3172:into a lion–
3164:
3161:
3154:
3152:
3145:
3141:Yin Yang Yo!
3139:
3129:
3127:
3120:
3114:
3112:
3097:
3091:January 2023
3088:
3078:
3071:
3064:
3057:
3045:
3033:Please help
3028:verification
3025:
2986:
2975:opened the "
2966:
2960:
2937:
2926:
2910:
2903:
2896:
2886:Flag of the
2830:
2823:
2812:
2805:
2798:
2788:The English
2787:
2780:
2769:
2758:
2750:
2743:
2727:Reed College
2708:
2682:
2673:
2663:
2656:
2649:
2642:
2630:
2618:Please help
2613:verification
2610:
2577:
2567:
2559:Midland Bank
2556:
2533:
2521:Merv Griffin
2514:
2500:
2444:Veres Kálmán
2441:
2426:
2409:griffon d'or
2408:
2396:Harry Potter
2394:
2392:
2372:Rick Riordan
2365:
2363:
2356:
2354:
2339:
2332:
2326:
2320:
2316:Harry Potter
2314:
2308:
2302:
2296:
2290:
2284:
2278:
2262:
2255:
2249:
2247:
2241:
2234:
2228:
2219:
2211:
2207:
2183:
2175:
2171:
2159:
2154:
2147:
2120:
2113:
2094:
2088:
2082:
2071:
2063:
2045:
2030:
2010:Pisa Griffin
2007:
1976:Pisa Griffin
1944:
1940:
1938:
1912:
1906:
1904:
1895:male griffin
1894:
1890:
1884:
1878:
1861:
1859:
1826:
1818:coat of arms
1800:
1777:
1762:
1758:divine power
1751:
1748:
1617:Child Ballad
1602:
1585:
1583:
1574:
1570:
1530:formerly at
1528:
1520:St. Cuthbert
1517:
1514:
1506:
1500:
1486:
1479:
1469:
1460:
1446:
1438:
1427:
1419:
1413:
1403:
1390:) or agate (
1375:
1328:
1317:
1311:
1308:
1273:
1262:
1250:
1242:
1235:
1229:
1225:gold nuggets
1210:
1190:
1183:
1173:
1171:
1159:
1154:
1146:
1144:
1121:
1107:
1100:
1078:
1063:
1052:
1042:Sanchi Stupa
1023:Central Asia
1020:
1017:Central Asia
977:
973:Arthur Evans
938:
881:
842:
817:Ziwiye hoard
814:
788:
751:
743:
728:
697:
633:
616:
613:
589:
582:Villa Giulia
559:
539:
474:
473:
465:
451:
442:
441:
437:
431:
422:
421:
409:
397:
391:
384:
380:
361:
352:
347:
333:
327:
305:
295:
274:
241:Nomenclature
232:
213:
198:
179:
175:
149:
141:
137:
125:
121:
93:
89:
85:
83:
57:, Palace of
44:
9756:Vexillology
9517:Rare metals
9497:(blood red)
9095:Winged lion
9075:Sea-griffin
9010:Hippocampus
8943:Allocamelus
8585:Fimbriation
8513:Compartment
8490:Achievement
8458:Marshalling
8424:distinction
8282:Law of arms
8267:Authorities
8207:Haupt, Ryan
8166:at amnh.org
7620:: 106–122,
7508:|work=
7229:Mark Witton
6970:J R Planché
6841:Zipes, Jack
6626:. p. 17 n5
6385:Nigg (1999)
6370:Nigg (1999)
6329:Nigg (1982)
5981:, p. 3
5720:Aeschylus,
5565:. Cited by
4941:granger.com
4370:pp. 274–275
4188:(1–4): 141.
3735:previously.
3578: [
3244:Gyps fulvus
3230:Fauna names
2506: [
2447: [
2384:Frank Zhang
2346:The Griffin
2156:John Milton
2052:city's arms
1908:sea-griffin
1901:Sea-griffin
1811:Renaissance
1807:Middle Ages
1663:mural crown
1624:In heraldry
1532:Saint-Denis
1524:Alpine ibex
1510:raffia palm
1501:The griffin
1449:Christendom
1422:Hyperborean
1414:Etymologies
1382:eagle-stone
1370: 1450
1296:tetradrachm
1265:mythography
1003: [
1000:Ulf Jantzen
984:Neo-Hittite
961:Throne Room
791:Achaemenian
716:Jemdet Nasr
708:Uruk period
694:Mesopotamia
600: [
514:elsewhere.
428:Zoroastrian
373: [
322:Iranian Art
269:450–430BC).
259:tetradrachm
182:Arimaspians
55:Throne Room
9811:Categories
9701:equestrian
9485:(mulberry)
9211:Harrington
9141:Quatrefoil
9070:Salamander
9015:Hippogriff
8973:Cockatrice
8953:Amphiptere
8925:Wolfsangel
8905:Portcullis
8817:Black swan
8771:Camelopard
8600:Ordinaries
8518:Escutcheon
8468:impalement
8463:quartering
8446:variations
8364:Attributed
8302:pursuivant
8042:(3): 1–7.
7889:0691211183
7768:: 183–203.
7021:0393322114
6885:1861601433
6832:Endnotes,
6160:VI Honorii
6158:Claudian,
5907:0472084526
5876:countries.
5281:Pl. XXVIII
5146:who cites
4758:, Fig. 3.6
4529:Beni Hasan
4450:El-Bersheh
4445:". Citing
4396:El Bersheh
3867:References
3819:Abul-Abbas
3725:, II.289).
3147:Family Guy
3061:newspapers
2997:Persepolis
2977:GateKeeper
2646:newspapers
2548:Saab Group
2495:See also:
2415:Modern art
2225:fossilized
2132:misericord
2108:H. J. Ford
2096:Purgatorio
2058:In fiction
2022:Al-Andaluz
1863:hippogriff
1856:Hippogriff
1815:republic's
1701:Greifswald
1628:See also:
1615:" ballad (
1539:foot of a
1461:Purgatorio
1455:, who was
1269:numismatic
1112:religion,
1096:Phoenician
1031:goldsmiths
967:Palace of
965:Bronze Age
953:Minoan art
906:See also:
896:Bronze Age
874: BC.
781:cultures.
766:horse-bits
522:See also:
496:Beni Hasan
448:Manichaean
433:Bundahishn
414:Septuagint
146:Old French
67:Bronze Age
9794:resources
9739:socialist
9662:Hatchment
9657:Bookplate
9637:Carnation
9624:Realistic
9437:Erminites
9275:Tinctures
9226:Hinckaert
9191:Bourchier
9045:Ouroboros
9030:Manticore
8935:Legendary
8910:Reremouse
8847:Przepaska
8776:Hind/stag
8766:Dog/hound
8575:Attitudes
8552:Supporter
8480:Societies
8441:divisions
8390:abatement
7820:(2011) .
7810:163723570
7742:cite book
7736:. Berlin.
7686:(1964c).
7677:191569662
7642:162323614
7510:ignored (
7500:cite book
7441:2 January
7419:2 January
7268:0308-0188
6746:: 133–45.
6713:(1992) .
6423:"Griffin"
6259:Herodotus
5698:Aeschylus
5648:Herodotus
5252:2 January
5242:"Griffin"
5175:Fox, R.L.
5163:: 70, 83.
4411:tesh-tesh
4358:194111905
4073:Also see
3872:Citations
3838:families.
3788:Aethiopia
3628:, fig. 7)
3413:Snow Lion
3310:griffin,
3213:Luftwaffe
3050:"Griffin"
2967:In 2013,
2635:"Griffin"
2542:, and of
2474:Heraklion
1929:Puttkamer
1829:Pomerania
1590:medicinal
1284:Black Sea
1166:Issedones
994:, and at
823:city) in
810:Alexander
808:, one of
806:Antipater
775:Mitannian
731:Sumerians
729:What the
636:cockscomb
475:tesh-tesh
353:Possible
246:Etymology
194:Aeschylus
190:Herodotus
158:back legs
107:romanized
9817:Griffins
9746:Logotype
9689:Illyrian
9571:Brunâtre
9495:Sanguine
9432:Erminois
9400:(purple)
9293:Hatching
9288:Tricking
9251:Stafford
9151:Shamrock
9100:Woodwose
9080:Sea-lion
9050:Pantheon
9025:Lindworm
8968:Chollima
8963:Biscione
8958:Basilisk
8880:Crapaudy
8781:Kangaroo
8643:Componée
8637:Łękawica
8533:pavilion
8528:Mantling
8407:courtesy
8402:Alliance
8330:dominion
8325:National
8256:Heraldry
8216:Skeptoid
8143:Reaktion
8141:London:
8048:26458409
7876:(2022).
7846:Folklore
7732:(1955).
7657:Hesperia
7634:30096666
7552:(1979).
7533:41318521
7458:Archived
7197:BBC Four
7167:41766590
7063:Quantara
7030:48798119
6974:"Badges"
6972:(1852).
6954:sinister
6936:(1909).
6903:(1981).
6760:(2021).
6526:Heraldry
6523:(1993).
6477:(1886).
6275:: 355).
6261:(1921).
6092:oinochoe
6031:(1902).
5997:(2016),
5787:(1855),
5700:(1870).
5650:(1909).
5224:p. 259,
5177:(1973).
5025:13 April
4987:(2005).
4903:BnF copy
4893:(1920).
4633:, p. 56
4502:16-->
4393:(1895).
4297:(eds.),
4283:Schmidt.
4258:Schmidt.
4213:"Simorg"
4211:(2003).
4176:(2002).
4010:(2005).
3899:Hachette
3887:(1934).
3853:Linear A
3656:couchant
3616:(1947),
3570:Fig. 3.3
3560:Fig. 3.2
3407:Sharabha
3354:See also
3344:Finnish
3176:hybrid.
2989:Iran Air
2837:Victoria
2476:, Greece
2292:Warcraft
2130:Griffin
1945:epimacus
1941:opinicus
1935:Opinicus
1891:keythong
1881:heraldry
1851:Variants
1809:and the
1773:segreant
1765:attitude
1580:Folklore
1467:below).
1372: CE
1318:protomes
1304:Claudian
1217:Æthiopia
1184:Whereas
1162:Arimaspi
1151:Aristeas
1059:Assyrian
988:Aristeas
957:frescoes
918:cauldron
892:Anatolia
829:Urartian
798:R.L. Fox
758:Iron Age
754:Luristan
676:Luristan
610:Top-knob
593:Etruscan
565:Tendrils
416:, which
402:Armenian
394:Armenian
366:Sasanian
257:—Silver
216:Æthiopia
186:Aristeas
172:Overview
78:Sassanid
53:—In the
9722:Related
9590:Cendrée
9573:(brown)
9427:Ermines
9398:Purpure
9388:(green)
9364:(black)
9337:Colours
9317:(white)
9221:Heneage
9163:Thistle
9156:Trefoil
9090:Unicorn
9065:Phoenix
9060:Pegasus
9055:Panther
9040:Musimon
9035:Mermaid
9020:Lampago
8990:Enfield
8983:Chinese
8920:Serpent
8915:Scallop
8885:Dolphin
8859:Pelican
8854:Martlet
8842:Szaszor
8812:Alerion
8786:Leopard
8761:Bull/ox
8735:Saltire
8723:Roundel
8698:Lozenge
8668:Flaunch
8633:Chevron
8623:Bordure
8608:Annulet
8580:Erasure
8567:Charges
8431:Canting
8419:Cadency
8380:Armiger
8354:Burgher
8307:private
8277:History
8145:, 2024.
8134:, 1965.
8084:Shirdal
8020:3248792
7866:1260795
7119:, p 257
7113:Persian
6438:Eclogue
6265:(ed.).
6162:30–31:
5940:Aelian
5704:(ed.).
5558:; also
4853:no. 14,
4405:Pl. XVI
4252:3257932
3823:olifant
3752:auritus
3719:harpies
3457:Avestan
3453:Sēnmurw
3395:Pegasus
3372:with a
3360:Chimera
3262:Gallery
3209:Heinkel
3196:Eponymy
3075:scholar
2943:Spanish
2841:Oak Bay
2774:'s and
2765:Griffin
2660:scholar
2393:In the
2358:Digimon
2348:" and "
2281:fantasy
2242:written
2140:Gryphon
2018:Islamic
1925:Silesia
1921:mermaid
1791:panther
1780:unicorn
1726:Gryfici
1667:Perugia
1647:passant
1596:to the
1537:taloned
1526:horns.
1430:Servius
1393:gagatem
1387:echytem
1322:Argolic
1282:on the
1211:Later,
1197:Kashmir
1186:Ctesias
1108:In the
1088:Phoenix
1055:Lamassu
996:Olympia
969:Knossos
963:of the
959:of the
921:protome
851:on the
779:Elamite
744:In the
739:Imdugud
733:of the
584:, Rome.
507:Teš-teš
438:Sēnmurw
406:պասկուչ
386:simurgh
381:Sēnmurw
362:Sēnmurw
348:sherdal
338:Persian
220:Ctesias
152:) is a
150:griffon
138:gryphes
109::
94:gryphon
90:griffon
86:griffin
59:Knossos
18:Gryphon
9734:Emblem
9708:Tabard
9632:Proper
9611:
9606:Orange
9603:
9595:
9587:
9579:
9577:
9569:
9567:
9559:
9556:
9535:
9533:
9528:Copper
9525:
9504:
9501:
9492:
9489:
9483:Murrey
9480:
9477:
9470:Stains
9459:Potent
9422:Ermine
9395:
9392:
9383:
9380:
9376:(blue)
9371:
9368:
9359:
9356:
9347:
9344:
9329:(gold)
9324:
9321:
9315:Argent
9312:
9309:
9302:Metals
9168:Turnip
9119:Plants
9105:Wyvern
8995:Garuda
8978:Dragon
8948:Alphyn
8744:Beasts
8728:Bezant
8683:Hamade
8673:Goutte
8628:Canton
8545:slogan
8523:Helmet
8414:Blazon
8373:Topics
8297:herald
8065:
8046:
8018:
7987:
7963:
7942:
7907:
7886:
7864:
7830:
7808:
7802:419960
7800:
7722:501330
7720:
7675:
7640:
7632:
7594:
7562:
7531:
7488:
7266:
7165:
7073:15 May
7028:
7018:
6911:
6882:
6853:
6799:
6770:
6721:
6533:
6354:
6308:
6279:
6202:
6142:
6115:4 July
6009:
5904:
5809:
5461:24 May
5452:
5427:24 May
5418:
5389:24 May
5380:
5355:24 May
5346:
5138:Artwis
4997:
4947:26 May
4739:
4606:Sahure
4575:
4480:
4356:
4350:608983
4348:
4309:
4250:
4154:
4092:γρυπος
4085:
4050:
4020:
3955:
3923:London
3849:Minoan
3747:aurita
3603:found.
3451:Also,
3279:, 1649
3202:Gripen
3188:, Dr.
3181:sitcom
3174:condor
3144:, and
3077:
3070:
3063:
3056:
3048:
2917:taiaha
2849:Canada
2737:, and
2733:, the
2662:
2655:
2648:
2641:
2633:
2580:Halock
2573:Gripen
2544:Scania
2437:museum
2433:bronze
2388:Alaska
2382:, and
2331:, and
2110:, 1899
2093:story
2000:Venice
1754:symbol
1549:Aachen
1541:raptor
1472:Didron
1330:krater
1326:Argive
1292:Delphi
1201:Aelian
1130:Aquila
1126:Vishnu
1122:vahana
1114:Garuda
1092:cherub
902:Greece
890:, and
884:Levant
859:, the
821:Saqqez
819:(near
624:Nimrud
542:talons
526:, and
512:Osiris
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