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Guildford Black Friary

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326:, who had been given £100 to spend on the building in 1609. The property passed through a series of private owners until 1794, when it was bought by the War Office. It was used as a barracks until the end of the Napoleonic Wars and then demolished in 1818. The grounds are indicated on an 1841 map of Guildford as the "Barrack Field" and shortly afterwards the area was divided into plots and sold for housebuilding. In 1858, the Chennel family set up a steam-powered flour mill on the site of the friary church and cloisters, which was subsequently purchased and converted to a brewery by Thomas Taunton in the 1870s. In 1956, the brewery merged with the 966: 912: 194:
A private house was constructed on the site in 1630 and in 1794 it was bought by the War Office and used for barracks. In the mid-19th century the land was divided and sold for housebuilding. In 1858, the Chennel family set up a steam-powered flour mill on the site of the friary church and cloisters,
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The walls of the friary varied in their materials and their construction, indicating that there were several distinct phases of building. The majority were made of chalk blocks, held together with mortar and faced internally with plaster and externally with flint. The original choir and chancel were
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of the church forming the south range. The main entrance is thought to have been on the east side, from the route now known as Woodbridge Road. There are thought to have been two paths leading south from the nave, one most likely used by worshippers to access the nave from the town and the other for
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on 10 October 1538, by which time there were only seven friars. The dissolution inventory of 1538 notes that the friary buildings included a church with choir and nave, two bells, a vestry and two kitchens; there is no mention of sleeping quarters, guest rooms or a refectory. The 16th-century poet
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chapel was added on the north side of the chancel in the 14th century and the east end of the church was extended at a later point. The suppression inventory mentions a steeple housing two bells "a grete and a small", although it is unclear where it stood. The west end of the nave was not revealed
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Bones from around 113 individuals were found during the excavations, although only 65 were still in their original graves. Around 41 of the individuals were in the cemetery area on the south side of the church and 40 were in the nave, with the rest elsewhere on the site. The bones of only ten are
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There has also been the suggestion of a later House of Crutched Friars in Guildford associated with the Spital, or St Thomas' Hospital, that once stood in the angle between the Epsom and London roads in Guildford. However, the only authority for the existence of a house of crutched friars at
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thought to be female, seven of whom were buried in the church. Around ten of the individuals are thought to have been under the age of 15 when they died and five were over the age of 55. Several skeletons had been buried together and these communal graves may have been for victims of the
283:, who died in 1274 and it is possible that Eleanor founded the friary in his memory. Historical documents note that Henry's heart was "lodged at the Guildford Priory" and Eleanor is acknowledged as the "first fundryse". The earliest surviving record of the community is from 1275, when 290:
The earliest known prior is recorded simply as "William" in 1932. In 1336, there were 20 friars. From 1373 onwards, a complete list of priors has survived. The work carried out the friars included the maintenance of the royal hunting park on the opposite side of the River Wey and,
311:, noted that there was a well-stocked library. Following the dissolution, the building was occasionally used as a royal residence until 1606, when it was demolished and the materials used for construction projects elsewhere in the area. Stone blocks may have been reused at 358:
During the 1974 and 1978 excavations, traces of an earlier building were found under the Dominican building. This building had pottery dating after 1250. It has been suggested that this was the House of the Friars de Ordine Martyrum at Guildford. Also referred to as the
279:, around 1275. The exact date of the foundation of the Black Friary is unknown, but it could not have taken place before 1236, the year of Eleanor's marriage to Henry. There is no mention of the friars being among those who prayed for the soul of her grandson, 215:. The 10-acre (4.0 ha) site sloped downwards from east to west and levelling in the 17th and 19th centuries buried the remains of the friary buildings to an average depth of around 1 m (3 ft 3 in). 363:, this was a small and short-lived order, who came to Britain in 1244. In 1260 they were given permission to inhabit a piece of land they had acquired at Guildford. The Friars de Ordine Martyrum was dissolved by the 862: 342:. The brewery was demolished in 1974 and, after archaeological investigations had been concluded, construction of The Friary shopping centre began in 1978. The Friary was opened by 199:. The buildings were cleared and archaeological excavations took place in 1974 and 1978 in advance of the construction of The Friary shopping centre, which opened in November 1980. 1105: 195:
which was subsequently purchased and converted to a brewery by Thomas Taunton in the 1870s. Brewing ceased in December 1968 and the site was sold to the developer,
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constructed entirely of flint and the chancel extension was built entirely of chalk blocks. The majority of the floors in the friary were tiled.
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and the Pied Friars. It is possible that Eleanor incorporated parts of this earlier community into her foundation.
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the friars to reach the graveyard. The kitchen formed the north range of the cloister and the
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Excavations in 1974 and 1978 showed that the friary was constructed around a central, square
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gave 40 cartloads of wood each year to the friary in exchange for 2 masses per week.
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in 1963 Brewing ceased in December 1968 and the site was sold to the developer,
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At the east end of the nave, and to the south of the chapter house, were the
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and occupied a site of around 10 acres (4.0 ha) on the east side of the
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began broadcasting from a studio on the roof of the centre in May 1983.
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in 1274, along with a number of the smaller orders including the
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to form Friary Meux. The combined company was taken over by
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town centre on gravel and alluvial soils deposited by the
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on Guildford High Street may have come from the friary.
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Dawson, A.R. (April 1972). "The friars of Guildford".
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Christian monasteries established in the 13th century
694: 574: 718: 666:. No. 60339. London. 28 June 1978. p. 22. 322:In 1630, the site was granted in fee simple to the 670: 455: 207:Guildford Black Friary was built to the north of 1082: 804:Issues of the Exchequer in the Reign of James I 361:Fratres Ordinis S Morise de Ordine Cruciferorum 315:and some of the stained glass in the chapel of 855:Surrey Archaeological Society Research Volumes 738:"Alleged Priory Of Crutched Friars, Guildford" 287:granted an enlargement of the friary grounds. 894: 639:. No. 12586. 3 January 1969. p. 11. 510: 508: 506: 504: 502: 848: 712: 478: 449: 437: 425: 413: 398: 353: 901: 887: 763: 688: 568: 553: 541: 529: 519:. Vol. 1, no. 7. pp. 22–23. 499: 493: 16:Former Dominican friary in Surrey, England 849:Woods, Humphrey; Poulton, Robert (1984). 810: 649: 607: 379:and no other writer mentions this group. 768:(2nd ed.). Chichester: Phillimore. 1111:13th-century establishments in England 1083: 1052:Friary of Crutched Friars at Guildford 801: 580: 514: 1116:Buildings and structures in Guildford 882: 787:(2nd ed.). Andover: Phillimore. 782: 724: 700: 829: 811:Rose, David; Parke, Bernard (2007). 676: 592: 461: 13: 865:from the original on 8 August 2022 662:"MEPC's new town centre project". 14: 1127: 1101:1538 disestablishments in England 160:was a medieval monastic house in 1096:Dominican monasteries in England 964: 910: 635:"To the (mild and) bitter end". 620:"Allied Breweries want Friary". 988:St Augustine's Abbey, Chilworth 813:Guildford : Remember when? 756: 730: 655: 628: 613: 586: 202: 1: 382: 169: 47: 7: 10: 1132: 802:Madden, Frederick (1836). 375:Guildford is Speed's 1611 262: 168:, England. It was founded 1060: 1044: 1026: 1007: 973: 962: 923: 832:Guildford : Our town 764:Chamberlin, E.R. (1982). 740:. Exploring Surrey's Past 377:History of Great Britaine 354:Friary of Crutched Friars 147: 139: 100: 84: 79: 74:Queen Eleanor of Provence 69: 64: 56: 43: 31: 26: 834:. Derby: Breedon Books. 815:. Derby: Breedon Books. 713:Woods & Poulton 1984 479:Woods & Poulton 1984 450:Woods & Poulton 1984 438:Woods & Poulton 1984 426:Woods & Poulton 1984 414:Woods & Poulton 1984 399:Woods & Poulton 1984 247:during the excavations. 1070:Guildford Black Friary 1019:(since 1965 in London) 941:(since 1965 in London) 785:The story of Guildford 783:Field, Marion (2022). 231:was on the east side. 1091:Monasteries in Surrey 917:Monasteries in Surrey 650:Rose & Parke 2007 608:Rose & Parke 2007 27:Monastery information 830:Rose, David (2001). 124:51.23639°N 0.57611°W 571:, pp. 107–109. 273:Eleanor of Provence 177:Eleanor of Provence 120: /  23: 416:, pp. 20, 31. 369:Friars of the Sack 348:County Sound Radio 346:in November 1980. 344:Princess Alexandra 129:51.23639; -0.57611 21: 1078: 1077: 841:978-1-85-983262-2 822:978-1-85-983588-3 794:978-0-75-099899-4 775:978-0-85-033457-9 715:, pp. 17–21. 637:Surrey Advertiser 452:, pp. 44–70. 440:, pp. 22–27. 428:, pp. 23–24. 324:Earl of Annandale 155: 154: 1123: 968: 956:Tandridge Priory 915: 914: 903: 896: 889: 880: 879: 874: 872: 870: 845: 826: 807: 798: 779: 750: 749: 747: 745: 734: 728: 722: 716: 710: 704: 698: 692: 686: 680: 674: 668: 667: 659: 653: 647: 641: 640: 632: 626: 625: 617: 611: 605: 596: 595:, pp. 26–27 590: 584: 578: 572: 566: 557: 551: 545: 539: 533: 527: 521: 520: 512: 497: 491: 482: 476: 465: 459: 453: 447: 441: 435: 429: 423: 417: 411: 402: 396: 365:Council of Lyons 336:Allied Breweries 317:Abbot's Hospital 174: 171: 158:Guildford Friary 135: 134: 132: 131: 130: 125: 121: 118: 117: 116: 113: 52: 49: 24: 22:Guildford Friary 20: 1131: 1130: 1126: 1125: 1124: 1122: 1121: 1120: 1081: 1080: 1079: 1074: 1056: 1045:Crutched Friars 1040: 1022: 1003: 969: 960: 927: 919: 909: 907: 877: 868: 866: 842: 823: 795: 776: 759: 754: 753: 743: 741: 736: 735: 731: 723: 719: 711: 707: 699: 695: 689:Chamberlin 1982 687: 683: 675: 671: 661: 660: 656: 648: 644: 634: 633: 629: 619: 618: 614: 606: 599: 591: 587: 579: 575: 569:Chamberlin 1982 567: 560: 554:Chamberlin 1982 552: 548: 542:Chamberlin 1982 540: 536: 532:, pp. 106. 530:Chamberlin 1982 528: 524: 513: 500: 494:Chamberlin 1982 492: 485: 477: 468: 460: 456: 448: 444: 436: 432: 424: 420: 412: 405: 401:, pp. 1–4. 397: 390: 385: 356: 298:The friary was 271:was founded by 267:A community of 265: 205: 172: 140:Visible remains 128: 126: 122: 119: 114: 111: 109: 107: 106: 92: 50: 17: 12: 11: 5: 1129: 1119: 1118: 1113: 1108: 1103: 1098: 1093: 1076: 1075: 1073: 1072: 1066: 1064: 1058: 1057: 1055: 1054: 1048: 1046: 1042: 1041: 1039: 1038: 1036:Waverley Abbey 1032: 1030: 1024: 1023: 1021: 1020: 1013: 1011: 1005: 1004: 1002: 1001: 996: 995:Horsley Priory 993: 985: 983:Chertsey Abbey 979: 977: 971: 970: 963: 961: 959: 958: 953: 951:Reigate Priory 948: 942: 935: 933: 930:Canons Regular 921: 920: 906: 905: 898: 891: 883: 876: 875: 846: 840: 827: 821: 808: 799: 793: 780: 774: 760: 758: 755: 752: 751: 729: 717: 705: 703:, p. 103. 693: 691:, p. 225. 681: 669: 654: 652:, p. 110. 642: 627: 612: 610:, p. 106. 597: 585: 573: 558: 556:, p. 146. 546: 544:, p. 107. 534: 522: 498: 496:, p. 105. 483: 466: 454: 442: 430: 418: 403: 387: 386: 384: 381: 355: 352: 264: 261: 257:bubonic plague 204: 201: 153: 152: 151:Not applicable 149: 145: 144: 141: 137: 136: 104: 98: 97: 86: 82: 81: 77: 76: 71: 67: 66: 62: 61: 58: 57:Disestablished 54: 53: 45: 41: 40: 35: 29: 28: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1128: 1117: 1114: 1112: 1109: 1107: 1104: 1102: 1099: 1097: 1094: 1092: 1089: 1088: 1086: 1071: 1068: 1067: 1065: 1063: 1059: 1053: 1050: 1049: 1047: 1043: 1037: 1034: 1033: 1031: 1029: 1025: 1018: 1015: 1014: 1012: 1010: 1006: 1000: 999:Laleham Abbey 997: 994: 992: 989: 986: 984: 981: 980: 978: 976: 972: 967: 957: 954: 952: 949: 946: 945:Newark Priory 943: 940: 939:Merton Priory 937: 936: 934: 931: 926: 922: 918: 913: 904: 899: 897: 892: 890: 885: 884: 881: 864: 860: 856: 852: 847: 843: 837: 833: 828: 824: 818: 814: 809: 805: 800: 796: 790: 786: 781: 777: 771: 767: 762: 761: 739: 733: 727:, p. 21. 726: 721: 714: 709: 702: 697: 690: 685: 679:, p. 28. 678: 673: 665: 658: 651: 646: 638: 631: 623: 616: 609: 604: 602: 594: 589: 583:, p. 95. 582: 577: 570: 565: 563: 555: 550: 543: 538: 531: 526: 518: 511: 509: 507: 505: 503: 495: 490: 488: 480: 475: 473: 471: 464:, p. 24. 463: 458: 451: 446: 439: 434: 427: 422: 415: 410: 408: 400: 395: 393: 388: 380: 378: 372: 370: 366: 362: 351: 349: 345: 341: 337: 333: 329: 325: 320: 318: 314: 310: 306: 301: 296: 294: 288: 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 260: 258: 252: 248: 245: 241: 237: 232: 230: 229:chapter house 225: 221: 216: 214: 210: 200: 198: 192: 190: 186: 182: 178: 167: 163: 159: 150: 148:Public access 146: 142: 138: 133: 105: 103: 99: 95: 90: 87: 83: 78: 75: 72: 68: 63: 59: 55: 46: 42: 39: 36: 34: 30: 25: 19: 1069: 1017:Sheen Friary 990: 867:. Retrieved 858: 854: 831: 812: 803: 784: 765: 757:Bibliography 742:. Retrieved 732: 720: 708: 696: 684: 672: 663: 657: 645: 636: 630: 621: 615: 588: 576: 549: 537: 525: 516: 481:, p. 5. 457: 445: 433: 421: 376: 373: 360: 357: 328:Meux Brewery 321: 313:Loseley Park 297: 289: 281:Prince Henry 266: 253: 249: 233: 217: 206: 193: 157: 156: 18: 991:(operative) 975:Benedictine 925:Augustinian 581:Madden 1836 517:Surrey Life 309:John Leland 305:antiquarian 222:, with the 203:Description 173: 1275 127: / 102:Coordinates 51: 1275 44:Established 1085:Categories 1028:Cistercian 1009:Carthusian 947:(pictured) 744:18 January 725:Field 2022 701:Field 2022 383:References 293:Henry VIII 275:, wife of 269:Dominicans 187:. It was 179:, wife of 112:51°14′11″N 70:Founder(s) 1062:Dominican 766:Guildford 677:Rose 2001 664:The Times 622:The Times 593:Rose 2001 462:Rose 2001 332:Nine Elms 300:dissolved 277:Henry III 213:River Wey 209:Guildford 191:in 1537. 189:dissolved 185:River Wey 181:Henry III 162:Guildford 115:0°34′34″W 96:, England 89:Guildford 38:Dominican 863:Archived 861:: 1–71. 340:MEPC plc 285:Edward I 220:cloister 197:MEPC plc 85:Location 869:22 July 263:History 244:chantry 240:chancel 928:(inc. 838:  819:  791:  772:  166:Surrey 94:Surrey 65:People 236:choir 33:Order 871:2022 836:ISBN 817:ISBN 789:ISBN 770:ISBN 746:2024 303:and 238:and 224:nave 80:Site 60:1538 330:of 175:by 1087:: 857:. 853:. 600:^ 561:^ 501:^ 486:^ 469:^ 406:^ 391:^ 307:, 259:. 170:c. 164:, 143:No 48:c. 932:) 902:e 895:t 888:v 873:. 859:9 844:. 825:. 806:. 797:. 778:. 748:. 91:,

Index

Order
Dominican
Queen Eleanor of Provence
Guildford
Surrey
Coordinates
51°14′11″N 0°34′34″W / 51.23639°N 0.57611°W / 51.23639; -0.57611
Guildford
Surrey
Eleanor of Provence
Henry III
River Wey
dissolved
MEPC plc
Guildford
River Wey
cloister
nave
chapter house
choir
chancel
chantry
bubonic plague
Dominicans
Eleanor of Provence
Henry III
Prince Henry
Edward I
Henry VIII
dissolved

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