208:
404:. Often the Gumuz' lands were allocated to transnational or domestic investors. In several parts of the Gumuz area, the settlers' economy dominated by 2018. Many Gumuz became sedentary while continuing their agricultural system. Though a transit road has been built and commercial farms established in the lower basin the Gumuz people were seen in 2018 as politically "peripheral" in regard to the Ethiopian highlands that hold the power in the country.
56:
76:
399:
Many changes occurred for the Gumuz people from the 1980s through to the 2010s. There was resettlement of highlanders to their area, particularly linked to the availability of land and water. An example is that settlers were attracted to a large irrigation project along the
667:
30:
234:
Most Gumuz members live in a bush-savanna lowland environment. According to their traditions, in earlier times they inhabited the western parts of the province of
871:
743:
659:
1185:
840:
105:
Disoha (Desua), Dakunza (Degoja, Dukunza, Gunza, Ganza, Dukuna, Dugunza), Sai, Sese (Saysay), Dekoka, Dewiya, Kukwaya, Gombo, Jemhwa, Modea:
219:
The Gumuz have traditionally been grouped with other
Nilotic peoples living along the Sudanese-Ethiopian border under the collective name
609:
333:). All the cooking and brewing is carried out in earthen pots, which are made by women. The Gumuz also hunt wild animals, such as
864:
633:
449:
712:
Ahmad, Abdussamad H. 1999. Trading in slaves in Bela-Shangul and Gumuz, Ethiopia: border enclaves in history, 1897-1938.
501:
693:
Gumuz and
Highland resettlers. Differing strategies of livelihood and ethnic relations in Metekel, Northwestern Ethiopia
1354:
857:
365:. Feuds between clans are common and they are usually solved by means of an institution of conflict resolution, called
1359:
353:
and are thought to dwell in houses, granaries, fields, trees and mountains. They have ritual specialists called
290:
As of 2024, there were around 159,418 Gumuz people in
Ethiopia. Around 88,000 Gumuz people also lived in Sudan.
700:
Linguistic variation within Gumuz: a study of the relationship between historical change and intelligibility.
764:, edited by Donald L. Donham and Wendy James. Cambridge: African Studies Center, Cambridge University Press.
349:
and a few are
Christians, but most Gumuz still maintain traditional religious practices. Spirits are called
791:
Simmoons, Frederick. 1958. The agricultural implements and cutting tools of
Begemder and Semyen, Ethiopia.
705:
Ahmad, Abdussamad H. 1995. The Gumuz of the
Lowlands of Western Gojjam: The frontier in History 1900-1935.
522:
118:
1308:
361:, but this custom is disappearing through government pressure and education. All Gumuz are organized in
1318:
784:. 1977. The history of Bareya, Sanquella and other Ethiopian slaves from the borderlands of the Sudan.
556:
Nyssen, J. and colleagues (2018). "Persistence and changes in the peripheral Beles basin of
Ethiopia".
880:
762:
Working papers on society and history in
Imperial Ethiopia: The southern periphery from 1880 to 1974
719:
231:, published in 1790. He notes that they hunted with bows and arrows, a custom that survives today.
212:
176:
823:, edited by M.L. Bender. East Lansing: Michigan State University, African Studies Centre: 79-116.
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781:
279:
196:
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1313:
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888:
243:
172:
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565:
302:
8:
1045:
569:
1323:
897:
591:
488:
345:, wild fruits, roots and seeds. Those living near the Sudanese borderland converted to
282:
family (Bender 1979). It is subdivided in several dialects (Ahland 2004, Unseth 1985).
262:
until the 1940s. Descendants of Gumuz people taken as slaves to the area just south of
207:
819:
Wallmark, Peter. 1981. “The Bega (Gumuz) of
Wellega: Agriculture and subsistence”. In
1005:
844:
771:, edited by D.L. Donham and W. James. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 119-147.
736:
Grottanelli, Vinigi, L. 1948. I Preniloti: un’arcaica provincia culturale in Africa.
595:
586:
769:
The southern marches of
Imperial Ethiopia. Essays in history and social anthropology
526:
1267:
1092:
1062:
925:
663:
581:
573:
446:
408:
394:
390:
223:(Pankhurst 1977). As "Shanquella", they are already mentioned by Scottish explorer
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1170:
955:
760:
James, Wendy. 1980. “From aboriginal to frontier society in western Ethiopia. In
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990:
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412:
411:, starting in 2019, Gumuz militia were allegedly involved in attacks against
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247:
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Uzar, Henning. 1993. “Studies in Gumuz: Sese phonology and TMA system”. In
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416:
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251:
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151:
147:
525:. (1975). Sister-Exchange Marriage. Scientific American, 233(6), 84–94.
1180:
1082:
920:
774:
Klausberger, Friedrich. 1975. Bashanga, das Strafrecht der Baga-Gumuz.
767:
James, Wendy. 1986. “Lifelines: exchange marriage among the Gumuz”. In
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1072:
310:
239:
220:
807:
Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Ethiopian Studies
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were found to still be speaking the language in 1984 (Unseth 1985).
318:
259:
180:
61:
634:"Benishangul: At least 60 civilians mostly women, children killed"
238:, but were progressively banished to the inhospitable area of the
985:
338:
306:
263:
255:
184:
334:
314:
235:
826:
Zanni, Leone. 1939-40. La TribĂą dei Gumus. Note Etnografiche.
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depending on the region. As it used to be among the Sudanese
346:
342:
188:
143:
126:
81:
660:"More than 100 killed in latest ethnic massacre in Ethiopia"
29:
362:
326:
805:
Unseth, Peter. 1989. Selected aspects of Gumuz phonology.
816:, edited by M.L. Bender. Hamburg: Helmut Buske: 347-383.
746:. 1953. Ăśber einen unbekannten Gunza-stamm in Wallegga.
254:, who also enslaved them (Wolde-Selassie Abbute 2004).
798:
Unseth, Peter. 1985. Gumuz: a dialect survey report.
199:
family. The Gumuz number around 250,000 individuals.
729:
Bender, M. Lionel. 1994. Comparative Komuz grammar.
821:
Peoples and cultures of the Ethio-Sudan borderlands
384:
357:. Originally, all Gumuz adorned their bodies with
527:https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican1275-84
1346:
722:. 1979. Gumuz: a sketch of grammar and lexicon.
610:"12 killed in latest attack in western Ethiopia"
841:Field recordings from 1980 of traditional music
753:James, Wendy. 1975. Sister exchange marriage.
702:M.A. thesis. University of Texas at Arlington.
879:
865:
313:decorated with clay lumps imitating female
242:and its tributaries by their more powerful
872:
858:
309:(Wallmark 1981). Cereal crops are kept in
229:Travels to Discover the Source of the Nile
52:
28:
16:Nilotic ethnic group in Ethiopia and Sudan
585:
206:
626:
72:
1347:
555:
853:
843:of the Gumuz ethnic group in Sudan’s
442:
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293:Total population is around 250,000.
47:Regions with significant populations
13:
814:Topics in Nilo-Saharan linguistics
793:South West Journal of Anthropology
459:
437:
14:
1371:
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171:) are an ethnic group speaking a
74:
54:
685:
670:from the original on 2020-12-23
652:
385:Conflict with highland settlers
285:
691:Abbute, Wolde-Selassie. 2004.
602:
549:
540:
531:
516:
494:
481:
317:. Sorghum is used for cooking
1:
558:Regional Environmental Change
430:
809:, Addis Ababa, 1984: 617-32.
800:Journal of Ethiopian Studies
698:Ahland, Colleen Anne. 2004.
7:
269:
10:
1376:
748:Rassegna di Studi Etiopici
714:Journal of African History
388:
296:
202:
1355:Ethnic groups in Ethiopia
1301:
1198:
1091:
1004:
896:
887:
881:Ethnic groups in Ethiopia
776:Ethnologische Zeitschrift
587:10067/1541370151162165141
578:10.1007/s10113-018-1346-2
305:and their staple food is
246:-speaking neighbors, the
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91:
71:
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36:
27:
213:Benishangul-Gumuz Region
177:Benishangul-Gumuz Region
786:Sudan Notes and Records
456:, first draft, Table 5.
278:, which belongs to the
195:, which belongs to the
1360:Ethnic groups in Sudan
377:, marriage is through
216:
258:did not disappear in
210:
173:Nilo-Saharan language
133:Related ethnic groups
778:(ZĂĽrich) 1: 109-126.
303:shifting cultivation
274:The Gumuz speak the
1046:Soddo Gurage people
755:Scientific American
570:2018REnvC..18.2089N
301:The Gumuz practice
24:
782:Pankhurst, Richard
738:Annali Lateranensi
731:Afrika und Ăśbersee
724:Afrika und Ăśbersee
452:2012-06-04 at the
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22:
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720:Bender, M. Lionel
640:. 12 January 2021
191:. They speak the
183:, as well as the
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119:traditional faith
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564:(7): 2089–2104.
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508:. Archived from
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409:Metekel conflict
395:Metekel massacre
391:Metekel conflict
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37:Total population
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878:
845:Blue Nile State
837:
744:Haberland, Eike
716:40(3): 433-446.
695:. MĂĽnster: Lit.
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682:
673:
671:
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632:
631:
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175:inhabiting the
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20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1373:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1305:
1303:
1302:Non-Indigenous
1299:
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1290:
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1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
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1225:
1220:
1215:
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1204:
1202:
1196:
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1191:
1189:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
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1097:
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709:50(1): 53-67.
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502:"SSRR No. 25"
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447:"Census 2007"
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1200:Nilo-Saharan
1051:Chebo people
1029:Beta Abraham
889:Afro-Asiatic
827:
820:
813:
806:
799:
795:14: 386-406.
792:
785:
775:
768:
761:
754:
750:12: 139-148.
747:
740:12: 280-326.
737:
730:
723:
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686:Bibliography
672:. Retrieved
654:
642:. Retrieved
637:
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617:. Retrieved
613:
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561:
557:
551:
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510:the original
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473:29 September
471:. Retrieved
469:. Ethnologue
461:
406:
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292:
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286:Demographics
280:Nilo-Saharan
273:
233:
228:
218:
211:Flag of the
197:Nilo-Saharan
168:
164:
160:
158:
123:Christianity
101:
19:Ethnic group
1034:Falash Mura
1024:Beta Israel
828:La Nigrizia
802:18: 91-114.
638:borkena.com
427:civilians.
244:Afroasiatic
225:James Bruce
179:in western
121:; minority
1349:Categories
733:77: 31-54.
726:62: 38-69.
674:2020-12-23
644:17 January
619:2020-12-26
537:James 1986
489:Ethnologue
431:References
187:region in
1334:Jamaicans
1278:Shanqella
1268:Nyangatom
1176:Wolaitans
926:Daasanach
830:. Verona.
788:58: 1-43.
596:158683399
311:granaries
240:Blue Nile
221:Shanqella
92:Languages
1329:Italians
1314:Armenian
1171:Shinasha
1073:Tigrayan
956:Kambaata
898:Cushitic
668:Archived
523:James, W
450:Archived
425:Shinasha
339:warthogs
319:porridge
270:Language
260:Ethiopia
181:Ethiopia
112:Religion
102:Dialects
62:Ethiopia
1319:Chinese
1228:Kichepo
1111:Basketo
1019:Argobba
1006:Semitic
986:Somalis
566:Bibcode
467:"Gumuz"
407:In the
367:mangema
335:duikers
315:breasts
307:sorghum
297:Culture
264:Welkite
256:Slavery
227:in his
203:History
185:Fazogli
107:151,000
67:159,418
42:250,000
1324:Greeks
1243:Majang
1093:Omotic
1068:Wolane
1063:Silt'e
1058:Harari
1041:Gurage
1014:Amhara
991:Tsamai
981:Sidama
971:Qemant
946:Hadiya
916:Arbore
707:Africa
614:News24
594:
413:Amhara
351:mus'a
248:Amhara
236:Gojjam
138:Gule,
87:88,000
79:
59:
1293:Tirma
1288:Surma
1283:Shita
1273:Shabo
1258:Mursi
1253:Murle
1248:Mekan
1238:Kwegu
1233:Kwama
1223:Gumuz
1218:Berta
1208:Anuak
1186:Zayse
1181:Yemsa
1166:Maale
1161:Koore
1156:Konta
1151:Hamar
1136:Dorze
1126:Dawro
1121:Chara
1116:Bench
1106:Banna
1078:Werji
996:Weyto
966:Oromo
961:Konso
941:Gedeo
936:Gabra
931:Danta
592:S2CID
421:Oromo
371:michu
363:clans
355:gafea
347:Islam
343:honey
189:Sudan
165:Gumaz
161:Gumuz
144:Shita
140:Kwama
127:Islam
98:Gumuz
82:Sudan
23:Gumuz
1263:Nuer
1213:Bare
1146:Gofa
1141:Gamo
1131:Dizi
1101:Aari
976:Saho
951:Irob
911:Agaw
906:Afar
646:2021
475:2023
423:and
417:Agaw
402:Kusa
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