49:
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waddling and the feet are large and powerful. The adult is mostly dark gray, rusty, and whitish in color. It is grey-blue to grey-black above. The creamy-coloured forehead contrasts against a black band across the eyes and lores and bristles under the chin, which form a black beard that give the species its
English name. Bearded vultures are variably orange or rust of plumage on their head, breast, and leg feathers, but this is thought to be cosmetic. This colouration comes from dust-bathing or rubbing iron-rich mud on its body. They also transfer the brown colour to the eggs. The tail feathers and wings are gray. The juvenile bird is dark black-brown over most of the body, with a buff-brown breast and takes five years to reach full maturity. The bearded vulture is silent, apart from shrill whistles in their breeding displays and a falcon-like
1110:. Zoologists Paul Geroudet and Gilbert Amigues attempted to release vultures that had been captured in Afghanistan, but this approach proved unsuccessful: it was too difficult to capture the vultures in the first place, and too many died in transport on their way to France. A second attempt was made in 1987, using a technique called "hacking", in which young individuals (from 90 to 100 days) from zoological parks would be taken from the nest and placed in a protected area in the Alps. As they were still unable to fly at that age, the chicks were hand-fed by humans until the birds learned to fly and were able to reach food without human assistance. This method has proven more successful, with over 200 birds released in the Alps from 1987 to 2015, and a bearded vulture population has reestablished itself in the Alps.
621:
860:. This is the only living bird species that specializes in feeding on bones. Meat and skin only makes up a small part of what the adults eat, but scraps of meat or skin makes up a larger amount of the chicks' diet. The bearded vulture can swallow whole or bite through brittle bones up to the size of a lamb's femur and its powerful digestive system quickly dissolves even large pieces. The bearded vulture has learned to crack bones too large to be swallowed by carrying them in flight to a height of 50–150 m (160–490 ft) above the ground and then dropping them onto rocks below, which smashes them into smaller pieces and exposes the nutritious marrow. They can fly with bones up to 10 cm (3.9 in) in diameter and weighing over 4 kg (8.8 lb), or nearly equal to their own weight.
915:. These animals have been killed by being surprised by the large birds and battered with wings until they fall off precipitous rocky edges to their deaths; although in some cases these may be accidental killings when both the vulture and the mammal surprise each other. Many large animals killed by bearded vultures are unsteady young, or have appeared sickly or obviously injured. Humans have been anecdotally reported to have been killed in the same way. This is unconfirmed, however, and if it does happen, most biologists who have studied the birds generally agree it would be accidental on the part of the vulture. Occasionally smaller ground-dwelling birds, such as
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bearded vulture populations today. The increase of infrastructure includes the building of houses, roads, and power lines. A major issue with infrastructure and bird species populations is collision with power lines. The declines of the bearded vulture populations have been documented throughout their range resulting from a decrease in habitat space, fatal collisions with energy infrastructure, reduced food availability, poisons left out for carnivores and direct persecution in the form of trophy hunting.
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93:
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68:
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632:
868:("bone breaker") relates to this habit. Less frequently, these birds have been observed trying to break bones (usually of a medium size) by hammering them with their bill directly into rocks while perched. During the breeding season they feed mainly on carrion. They prefer the limbs of sheep and other small mammals and they carry the food to the nest, unlike other vultures which feed their young by regurgitation.
823:
1026:. The young may be dependent on the parents for up to 2 years, forcing the parents to nest in alternate years on a regular basis. Typically, the bearded vulture nests in caves and on ledges and rock outcrops or caves on steep rock walls, so are very difficult for nest-predating mammals to access. Wild bearded vultures have a mean lifespan of 21.4 years, but have lived for up to at least 45 years in captivity.
923:, have been reported eaten, possibly either as fresh carrion (which is usually ignored by these birds) or killed with beating wings by the vulture. When foraging for bones or live prey while in flight, bearded vultures fly fairly low over the rocky ground, staying around 2–4 m (6 ft 7 in – 13 ft 1 in) high. Occasionally, breeding pairs may forage and hunt together. In the
1051:, where an estimated 1,400 to 2,200 are believed to breed. Relatively large, healthy numbers seem to occur in some parts of the Himalayas as well. It was largely wiped out in Europe and, by the beginning of the 20th century, the only substantial population was in the Spanish and French Pyrenees. Since then, it has been successfully reintroduced to the
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implemented include the mitigation of existing and proposed energy structures to prevent collision risks, the improved management of supplementary feeding sites as well to reduce the populations from being exposed to human persecution and poisoning accidents and outreach programmes that are aimed at reducing poisoning incidents.
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Many raptor species were shielded from anthropogenic influences in previously underdeveloped areas therefore they are greatly impacted as the human population rises and infrastructure increases in underdeveloped areas. The increase in human population and infrastructure results in the declines of the
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which are often near the tops of the mountains, at up to 2,000 m (6,600 ft) in Europe, 4,500 m (14,800 ft) in Africa and 5,000 m (16,000 ft) in central Asia. In southern
Armenia, it breeds below 1,000 m (3,300 ft) if cliff availability permits. It has even been
611:
about 1. Large bones are digested in about 24 hours, aided by slow mixing or churning of the stomach content. The high fat content of bone marrow makes the net energy value of bone almost as good as that of muscle, even if bone is less completely digested. A skeleton left on a mountain will dehydrate
772:
tips on the outskirts of small villages and towns. Although it occasionally descends to 300–600 m (980–1,970 ft), the bearded vulture is rare below an elevation of 1,000 m (3,300 ft) and normally resides above 2,000 m (6,600 ft) in some parts of its range. It typically
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of Africa averaging 5.7 kg (13 lb). In
Eurasia, vultures found around the Himalayas tend to be slightly larger than those from other mountain ranges. Females are slightly larger than males. It is essentially unmistakable with other vultures or indeed other birds in flight due to its long,
1021:
The nest is a massive pile of sticks, that goes from around 1 m (3 ft 3 in) across and 69 cm (27 in) deep when first constructed up to 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in) across and 1 m (3 ft 3 in) deep, with a covering of various animal matter from food, after
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has been recorded in the species. The territorial and breeding display between bearded vultures is often spectacular, involving the showing of talons, tumbling, and spiraling while in solo flight. The large birds also regularly lock feet with each other and fall some distance through the sky with
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measuring 71.5–91 cm (28.1–35.8 in), and long, wedge-shaped tail, which measures 42.7–52 cm (16.8–20.5 in) in length. The tail is longer than the width of the wing. The tarsus is relatively small for the bird's size, at 8.8–10 cm (3.5–3.9 in). The proportions of the
594:
Unlike most vultures, the bearded vulture does not have a bald head. This species is relatively small-headed, although its neck is powerful and thick. It has a generally elongated, slender shape, sometimes appearing bulkier due to the often hunched back of these birds. The gait on the ground is
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The bearded vulture is one of the most endangered
European bird species as over the last century its abundance and breeding range have drastically declined. It naturally occurs at low densities, with anywhere from a dozen to 500 pairs now being found in each mountain range in Eurasia where the
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Mitigation plans have been established to reduce the population declines in bearded vulture populations. One of these plans includes the South
African Biodiversity Management Plan that has been ratified by the government to stop the population decline in the short term. Actions that have been
863:
After dropping the large bones, the bearded vulture spirals or glides down to inspect them and may repeat the act if the bone is not sufficiently cracked. This learned skill requires extensive practice by immature birds and takes up to seven years to master. Its old name of
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each other. In Europe, the breeding pairs of bearded vultures are estimated to be 120. The mean productivity of the bearded vulture is 0.43±0.28 fledgings per breeding pair per year and the breeding success averaged 0.56±0.30 fledgings per pair with clutches/year.
875:
seem to be especially favored depending on their local abundance. Tortoises preyed on may be nearly as heavy as the preying vulture. To kill tortoises, bearded vultures fly with them to some height and drop them to crack open the bulky reptiles' hard shells.
1013:, throughout the year in eastern Africa, and May to January in southern Africa. Although generally solitary, the bond between a breeding pair is often considerably close. Biparental monogamous care occurs in the bearded vulture. In a few cases,
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repeated uses. The female usually lays a clutch of 1 to 2 eggs, though 3 have been recorded on rare occasions, which are incubated for 53 to 60 days. After hatching, the young spend 100 to 130 days in the nest before
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being shot in 1927. However, unconfirmed sightings of the bearded vulture happened in the 2000s, and in 2016 a specimen from a restoration project in France also flew over the country before returning to the Alps.
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and become protected from bacterial degradation, and the bearded vulture can return to consume the remainder of a carcass even months after the soft parts have been consumed by other animals, larvae, and bacteria.
856:. Its diet comprises mammals (93%), birds (6%) and reptiles (1%), with medium-sized ungulates forming a large part of the diet. It usually disdains the actual meat and typically lives on 85–90% bones including
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Bretagnolle, V.; Inchausti, P.; Seguin, J.-F.; Thibault, J.-C. (2004). "Evaluation of the extinction risk and of conservation alternatives for a very small insular population: the bearded vulture
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The bearded vulture occupies an enormous territory year-round. It may forage over 2 km (0.77 sq mi) each day. The breeding period is variable, being
December through September in
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have been observed to kill tortoises in the same way. Other live animals, up to nearly their own size, have been observed to be predaceously seized and dropped in flight. Among these are
5246:
785:, with the first confirmed sighting taking place in 2016 in Wales and the Westcountry. A series of sightings took place in 2020, when an individual bird was sighted separately over the
1086:), established in Spain in 1995, was created in response to the national population dropping to 30 specimens by the end of the 20th century. Focused on conserving the species in the
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of 2.31–2.83 m (7 ft 7 in – 9 ft 3 in). It weighs 4.5–7.8 kg (9.9–17.2 lb), with the nominate race averaging 6.21 kg (13.7 lb) and
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fell on one, he would rise to sovereignty and anyone shooting the bird would die in forty days. The habit of eating bones and apparently not killing living animals was noted by
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In southern Africa, the total population as of 2010 was estimated at 408 adult birds and 224 young birds of all age classes therefore giving an estimate of about 632 birds.
2181:
1098:, in the south. After 25 years of work, the Foundation reported that they had managed to recover the species, with more than 1,000 specimens throughout the country.
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dropped by an eagle who mistook his bald head for a stone—if this incident did occur, the bearded vulture is a likely candidate for the "eagle" in this story.
2306:
Donazar, J. A.; Hiraldo, F.; Bustamante, J. (1993). "Factors
Influencing Nest Site Selection, Breeding Density and Breeding Success in the Bearded Vulture (
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to guide their political decisions: bearded vultures, or ossifrage, were one of the few species of birds that could yield valid signs to these soothsayers.
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3965:
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2095:
809:. The bird, nicknamed 'Vigo' by Tim Birch of the Derbyshire Wildlife Trust, is believed to have originated from the reintroduced population in the Alps.
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observed living at elevations of 7,500 m (24,600 ft) in the
Himalayas and been observed flying at a height of 7,300 m (24,000 ft).
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2050:
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This species is currently listed as near threatened by the IUCN Red List last accessed on 1 October 2016, and the population continues to decline.
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Alps, from where they have spread into France. They have also declined somewhat in parts of Asia and Africa, though less severely than in Europe.
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2826:) as an Accumulator of Archaeological Bones. Late Glacial Assemblages and Present-day Reference Data in Corsica (Western Mediterranean)".
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in mid-winter that hatch at the beginning of spring. The bearded vulture is the only known vertebrate whose diet consists of 70–90% bone.
48:
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3747:
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2010:
Subedi, T. R.; Anadón, J.D.; Baral, H.S.; Viran, M.Z.; Sah, S.A.M. (2020). "Breeding habitat and nest-site selection of
Bearded Vulture
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Systema
Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
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5337:
2800:
1823:
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465:. Linnaeus based his account on the "bearded vulture" that had been described and illustrated in 1750 by the English naturalist
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1911:
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1651:
1626:
1506:
1335:
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380:), its closest living relative. It is not much more closely related to the Old World vultures proper than to, for example,
1960:
620:
5285:
1671:
384:, and differs from the former by its feathered neck. Although dissimilar, the Egyptian and bearded vulture each have a
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1896:
5553:
5523:
5316:
707:
469:. Edwards had based his hand-coloured etching on a specimen that had been collected at Santa Cruz near the town of
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1861:
1797:
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Bearded vultures sometimes attack live prey, with perhaps greater regularity than any other vulture. Among these,
5329:
5298:
2363:
Margalida, A.; Garcia, D.; Bertran, J.; Heredia, R. (2003). "Breeding biology and success of the Bearded Vulture
1432:
486:
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225:
181:
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as a breeder since 1981, but young birds have been reported in 2000, 2004, and 2016. The species is extinct in
5402:
2968:
1740:
2149:
Margalida, A.; Bertra, J.; Heredia, R. (2009). "Diet and food preferences of the endangered Bearded Vulture
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2958:
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5533:
5212:
5207:
5149:
1392:
842:
827:
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The bearded vulture is sparsely distributed across a vast range. It occurs in mountainous regions in the
554:) – south Europe and northwest Africa to northeast China through the Himalayas to Nepal and west Pakistan
466:
1455:
1283:
974:
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since 2014. It lives and breeds on crags in high mountains in Iran, southern Europe, East Africa, the
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3454:
92:
1321:
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1401:. Vol. 3. London: Printed for the author at the College of Physicians. p. 106, Plate 106.
1381:. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 304.
17:
731:
726:. It has been reintroduced in several places in Spain, such as the Sierras de Cazorla, Segura and
5528:
2714:
1990:
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561:
474:
5459:
3232:
5368:
5194:
5111:
3262:
1256:
5394:
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2120:
1610:
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The bearded vulture population is thought to be in decline; in 2004, it was classified on the
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3439:
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1436:
204:
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5272:
5199:
5158:
3397:
3388:
3372:
3363:
3222:
3202:
2835:
2679:
Pollard, J.R.T. (2009). "The Lammergeyer Comparative Descriptions in Aristotle and Pliny".
2525:
2479:
2407:
2319:
1358:(in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 87.
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583:
2198:
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8:
2419:
1767:"Deliberate rusty staining of plumage in the bearded vulture: does function precede art?"
1606:
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1006:
924:
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434:
410:
57:
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2602:"Cómo el quebrantahuesos ha pasado de 30 ejemplares a más de 1.000 en 25 años en España"
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as Africa, but in 1914 this was restricted to Santa Cruz by the German orthithologist
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1994:
1721:
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1647:
1622:
1502:
1095:
655:
528:, which means "lamb-vulture". The name stems from the belief that it attacked lambs.
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Video of bearded vulture shattering bones into smaller pieces on which it then feeds
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2035:
1523:
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The acid concentration in the bearded vulture's stomach has been estimated to be of
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Antor, R.J.; Margalida, A.; Frey, H.; Heredia, R.; Lorente, L.; Sesé, J.A. (2007).
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1942:
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Arlettaz, Raphaël; Christe, Philippe; Surai, Peter F.; Pape Møller, Anders (2002).
1711:
1701:
1305:
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1211:
1199:, the bearded vulture, as the ossifrage, is among the birds forbidden to be eaten (
1123:
1079:
746:
663:
373:
5225:
2096:"Birdwatchers flock to Peak District after rare sighting of bearded vulture in UK"
1946:
1353:
738:. The resident population as of 2018 was estimated at 1,200 to 1,500 individuals.
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5428:
5303:
5163:
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3903:
3888:
3846:
3589:
3486:
3242:
2538:
2510:"Differential Range Use between Age Classes of Southern African Bearded Vultures
2491:
1666:
Lee, W-S; Koo,T-H; Park, J-Y (2005). A Field Guide to the Birds of Korea. p. 98.
1227:
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1091:
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517:
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355:
144:
72:
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3490:
3297:
3288:
3252:
2948:
2009:
1684:
Margalida, A.; Braun, M. S.; Negro, J. J.; Schulze-Hagen, K.; Wink, M. (2019).
1163:
896:. Larger animals have been known to be attacked by bearded vultures, including
893:
802:
782:
2692:
1968:
1463:
1304:
Gill F, D Donsker & P Rasmussen (Eds). 2021. IOC World Bird List (v11.1).
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5134:
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221:
77:
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1146:) the symbol of luck and happiness. It was believed that if the shadow of a
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Though a rare visitor, bearded vultures occasionally travel to parts of the
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5060:
5005:
4982:
4910:
4860:
4849:
4832:
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4580:
4573:
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4490:
4324:
4228:
4136:
3993:
3814:
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3018:
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1782:
1725:
1207:
1170:
1056:
877:
806:
723:
369:
351:
154:
31:
1912:"Aventurile imaturului Adonis, probabil cel mai vagabond zăgan din Europa"
1831:. Ciudad Real, España: Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos.
1090:, it also returned the species to other already extinct areas such as the
940:
5350:
5186:
5143:
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4734:
4694:
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4313:
4292:
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3923:
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2434:
1644:
The Handbook of Bird Identification for Europe and the Western Palearctic
1309:
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857:
754:
719:
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1421:(in German). Vol. 2. Berlin: R. Friedländer und Sohn. p. 1194.
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4388:
4381:
4268:
4249:
4014:
3912:
3777:
3633:
3605:
3521:
3434:
3096:
2822:
Robert, Isabelle; Vigne, Jean-Denis (July 2002). "The Bearded Vulture (
2349:
2340:
2121:"Bearded vulture: Crowds flock to see rare bird over Lincolnshire fens"
1873:
1706:
1372:
1052:
881:
798:
671:
532:
164:
3484:
2027:
388:-shaped tail—unusual among birds of prey. It is vernacularly known as
5039:
4921:
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4687:
4659:
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3737:
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1200:
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Efforts to reintroduce the bearded vulture began in the 1970s in the
916:
849:
774:
687:
640:
390:
104:
5355:
5264:
5105:
2331:
1929:
Brown, C.J. (2010). "Distribution and status of the Bearded Vulture
927:, bearded vultures have adapted to living largely off human refuse.
837:
5128:
5067:
5016:
4991:
4951:
4788:
4725:
4705:
4608:
4517:
4480:
4409:
4258:
3720:
3700:
3676:
3509:
2903:
1897:"Bearded vulture flies over Romania for the first time in 83 years"
1185:
1087:
1048:
1010:
912:
872:
790:
765:
735:
715:
659:
647:
574:
573:
This bearded vulture is 94–125 cm (37–49 in) long with a
418:
124:
2465:
631:
481:. The bearded vulture is now the only species placed in the genus
5277:
5171:
5025:
4815:
4619:
4566:
4188:
3100:
2885:
2182:"Why the Bearded Vulture's diet is the strangest among all birds"
1798:"Bone digestion and intestinal morphology of the Bearded Vulture"
1231:
1002:
908:
853:
750:
2394:
Brown, C.J. (1997). "Population dynamics of the bearded vulture
2077:"Bearded Vulture: historic vagrancy and current European status"
1683:
822:
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4306:
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1764:
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588:
114:
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5259:
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1192:
1039:
831:
711:
703:
691:
509:
452:
414:
1821:
1078:
The Foundation for the Conservation of the Bearded Vulture (
4285:
3193:
2909:
2854:
1119:
897:
885:
651:
564:, 1840 – southwest Arabia and northeast, east, south Africa
470:
381:
134:
2507:
2051:"Spectacular bearded vulture spotted for first time in UK"
1230:, and Shimon Persky liked it so much he adopted it as his
1118:
The bearded vulture is considered a threatened species in
2806:
Cine and photo work about the Bearded Vulture in the Alps
2435:"First Breeding age in captive and wild Bearded Vultures"
2432:
2305:
2144:
2142:
1690: : still no evidence for an antibacterial function"
1166:
examined in 1625 to find that it was filled with bones.
1122:. Iranian mythology considers the rare bearded vulture (
608:
516:, "beard"). The name "lammergeier" originates from the
2148:
1255:
2356:
2264:
2139:
1464:"Hoatzin, New World vultures, Secretarybird, raptors"
1162:, written in 1258, and Emperor Jahangir had a bird's
485:
that was introduced in 1784 by the German naturalist
4838:
4828:
4811:
4801:
4777:
4767:
4486:
4476:
4441:
4274:
4264:
4234:
4224:
4214:
4204:
4194:
4184:
4172:
4162:
4152:
4142:
4132:
4122:
4112:
4102:
4092:
4082:
4072:
4062:
4050:
4040:
4030:
4020:
4010:
3971:
3961:
3951:
3900:
3827:
3803:
3793:
3783:
3773:
3763:
3753:
3743:
3726:
3716:
3706:
3689:
3672:
3662:
3652:
3586:
3571:
2923:
2816:
Bearded Vulture & The Snow Wolf: A Winter's Tale
2277:: minimal sexual differences in parental activities"
1454:
690:, Ladakh in northern India, and western and central
451:. He placed it with the vultures and condors in the
2629:"Bearded vultures soar to a record breeding season"
1909:
1621:. Boston, New York: Houghton Mifflin. p. 413.
1184:was said to have been killed in 456 or 455 BC by a
504:meaning "eagle" or "vulture". The specific epithet
2234:
1284:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22695174A154813652.en
1084:Fundación para la Conservación del Quebrantahuesos
793:after migrating north through France, then in the
892:and, in one case, a 62 cm (24 in) long
5500:
2270:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1561:
368:, it actually forms a separate minor lineage of
1559:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1541:
624:Wild bearded vulture in flight at Pfyn-Finges,
2713:
1047:species breeds. The species is most common in
930:
30:"Ossifrage" redirects here. For the ship, see
3470:
2870:
2564:
2503:
2501:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2199:ADW: Gypaetus barbatus - Animal Diversity Web
1822:Margalida, A.; Martínez, J. M., eds. (2018).
1795:
1101:
1894:
1538:
1491:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
1371:
1220:
522:
2821:
2426:
2387:
2273:"Breeding behaviour of the Bearded Vulture
2014:in the Annapurna Himalaya Range of Nepal".
1741:"Ueber die rostrothe Farbe des Geieradlers"
1641:
1131:
615:
3477:
3463:
2877:
2863:
2795:Facts and Characteristics: Bearded Vulture
2498:
2203:
1841:
1322:"Homa- A Mythical Bird of Iranian Legends"
304: Extant & reintroduced (resident)
257:
66:
47:
2547:
2537:
2450:
2339:
2074:
1715:
1705:
1282:
2723:Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal
1910:Laurențiu Manolache (27 December 2016).
1686:"Cosmetic colouring by Bearded Vultures
1348:
1214:found a nest of bearded vultures in the
1033:
836:
821:
812:
635:A bearded vulture in the Puga valley in
630:
619:
2678:
2508:Kruger, S.; Reid, T.; Amar, A. (2014).
2299:
1922:
1488:
1411:
1391:
14:
5501:
2791:in The Atlas of Southern African Birds
2739:
2663:RÉINTRODUCTION. Le retour des gypaètes
2608:(in European Spanish). 1 December 2021
2179:
2048:
1521:
1450:
1448:
1367:
1365:
1251:
1249:
1247:
718:. An isolated population inhabits the
5509:IUCN Red List near threatened species
5110:
5109:
3886:
3540:
3458:
3423:
3094:
2922:
2858:
2393:
2242:"Lammergeier (video, facts and news)"
2093:
1989:
1928:
1844:"News from the field - Daily Updates"
1738:
1470:. International Ornithologists' Union
1431:
1375:; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1979).
5330:f0e5393f-e9e6-42c0-83b5-ca9214c8d9f7
3541:
2420:10.1111/j.1365-2028.1997.048-89048.x
1796:Houston, D.C.; Copsey, J.A. (1994).
1789:
1493:. London: Christopher Helm. p.
250:- Keyserling & Blasius, JH, 1840
3887:
2271:Margalida, A.; Bertran, J. (2008).
2153:: a basis for their conservation".
1445:
1441:. Vol. 1. Leipzig. p. 69.
1398:A Natural History of Uncommon Birds
1362:
1270:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1244:
1127:
1094:in the north of the country or the
852:, feeding mostly on the remains of
817:
473:in Algeria. Linnaeus specified the
24:
3424:
2626:
2578:. Discovery Communications. 2008.
2293:10.1111/j.1474-919X.2000.tb04862.x
1418:Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna
437:in 1758 by the Swedish naturalist
25:
5565:
2828:Journal of Archaeological Science
2776:
2719:"Note on the Huma or Lammergeyer"
2582:from the original on 12 July 2011
1999:. London: Longmans, Green and Co.
1996:The assault on Mount Everest 1922
1739:Meves, Friedrich Wilhelm (1875).
3869:
2381:10.1046/j.1474-919X.2003.00148.x
2167:10.1111/j.1474-919x.2008.00904.x
1468:IOC World Bird List Version 14.1
1433:Storr, Gottlieb Conrad Christian
1378:Check-List of Birds of the World
987:
973:
956:
939:
841:Bearded vulture on the rocks in
708:Democratic Republic of the Congo
587:species have been compared to a
298: Possibly extant (resident)
91:
5539:National symbols of Afghanistan
2759:
2733:
2707:
2672:
2656:
2620:
2594:
2459:
2192:
2173:
2113:
2087:
2068:
2042:
2003:
1983:
1953:
1903:
1888:
1854:
1835:
1815:
1758:
1732:
1677:
1660:
1635:
1515:
1482:
1069:
1038:Boy with live bearded vulture,
394:, a bird in Iranian mythology.
1646:. Princeton University Press.
1642:Beaman, M.; Madge, S. (1999).
1425:
1405:
1385:
1342:
1328:
1314:
1298:
826:A bearded vulture flying over
753:, the last specimens from the
591:, scaled to an enormous size.
568:
364:. Traditionally considered an
13:
1:
2969:Greater yellow-headed vulture
1947:10.1080/00306525.1992.9634172
1237:
1113:
694:. In Africa, it lives in the
602:
2959:Lesser yellow-headed vulture
2884:
2801:The bearded vulture in Spain
2627:Madrid, Isambard Wilkinson.
2539:10.1371/journal.pone.0114920
2492:10.1016/j.biocon.2004.01.023
1965:Armenian Bird Census Council
1895:Irina Marica (9 July 2016).
1825:El Quebrantahuesos en España
7:
5549:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
5519:National symbols of Andorra
1221:
1218:desert. The bird is called
931:Reproduction and life cycle
843:Gran Paradiso National Park
828:Gran Paradiso National Park
599:call made around the nest.
428:
10:
5570:
2400:African Journal of Ecology
2367:in the eastern Pyrenees".
2312:Journal of Applied Ecology
1805:Journal of Raptor Research
1489:Jobling, James A. (2010).
1102:Reintroduction in the Alps
1029:
1005:, November to June in the
773:lives around or above the
29:
5118:
5015:
4981:
4961:
4920:
4886:
4859:
4758:
4724:
4704:
4649:
4618:
4500:
4472:
4463:
4440:
4357:
4323:
4248:
4001:
3992:
3942:
3922:
3899:
3895:
3882:
3867:
3845:
3643:
3585:
3562:
3553:
3549:
3536:
3498:
3430:
3419:
3386:
3361:
3336:
3311:
3286:
3191:
3166:
3141:
3116:
3112:
3090:
3057:
3032:
3007:
2982:
2937:
2933:
2918:
2892:
2693:10.1017/s0017383500009311
1609:; Christie, D.A. (2001).
1438:Alpenreise vom jahre 1781
1277:: e.T22695174A154813652.
848:The bearded vulture is a
421:. Females lay one or two
316:
309:
265:
256:
238:
233:
210:
203:
88:Scientific classification
86:
64:
55:
46:
41:
3493:and their extinct allies
2220:The Living Edens: Bhutan
1748:Journal für Ornithologie
1524:"Lammergeiers and lambs"
1462:, eds. (December 2023).
1169:The ancient Greeks used
947:Gypaetus barbatus aureus
616:Distribution and habitat
512:meaning "bearded" (from
433:The bearded vulture was
5554:Birds described in 1758
5524:Birds of prey of Africa
3402:Trigonoceps occipitalis
3048:Gymnogyps californianus
2472:Biological Conservation
582:narrow wings, with the
405:but has been listed as
3263:Slender-billed vulture
2848:10.1006/jasc.2001.0778
1967:. 2017. Archived from
1899:. romania-insider.com.
1783:10.1006/anbe.2002.3097
1522:Andrew, D. G. (2008).
1257:BirdLife International
1083:
1043:
845:
834:
643:
628:
523:
286: Probably extinct
5455:Paleobiology Database
3440:Indian vulture crisis
3327:Neophron percnopterus
3182:Gypohierax angolensis
2973:Cathartes melambrotus
2963:Cathartes burrovianus
2767:Farewell Shimon Peres
2398:in southern Africa".
2248:. BBC. Archived from
2216:"Lammergeier Vulture"
2094:Birch, Simon (2020).
1933:in southern Africa".
1037:
840:
825:
813:Behaviour and ecology
732:Province of Castellón
634:
623:
378:Neophron percnopterus
342:), also known as the
5325:Fauna Europaea (new)
3398:White-headed vulture
3373:Lappet-faced vulture
3302:Necrosyrtes monachus
3223:White-backed vulture
3203:White-rumped vulture
2797:at Vulture Territory
2452:10.3161/068.042.0106
1876:on 11 September 2017
1619:Raptors of the World
1310:10.14344/IOC.ML.11.1
1009:, October to May in
500:, a corrupt form of
3377:Torgos tracheliotos
2840:2002JArSc..29..763R
2740:Marche, S. (2008).
2530:2014PLoSO...9k4920K
2484:2004BCons.120...19B
2412:1997AfJEc..35...53B
2324:1993JApEc..30..504D
2180:Craves, J. (2018).
2049:Morris, S. (2016).
1842:Granit, B. (2014).
1007:Indian subcontinent
925:Ethiopian Highlands
700:Ethiopian Highlands
411:Indian subcontinent
323:Linnaeus, 1758
58:Conservation status
5544:Old World vultures
5534:Birds of West Asia
3348:Red-headed vulture
3105:Old World vultures
2926:New World vultures
2765:Leshem, Y. (2016)
2439:Acta Ornithologica
2252:on 9 December 2017
2075:Viles, S. (2020).
1707:10.7717/peerj.6783
1458:; Donsker, David;
1044:
964:G. b. hemachalanus
846:
835:
768:, it is common at
644:
629:
579:G. b. meridionalis
558:G. b. meridionalis
546:, 1758) (includes
435:formally described
372:together with the
350:, is a very large
280: Non-breeding
248:G. b. meridionalis
244:- (Linnaeus, 1758)
5496:
5495:
5486:Gypaetus-barbatus
5442:Open Tree of Life
5252:gypaetus-barbatus
5150:Gypaetus barbatus
5120:Gypaetus barbatus
5112:Taxon identifiers
5103:
5102:
5099:
5098:
5095:
5094:
5091:
5090:
4645:
4644:
4539:Cryptoleucopteryx
3966:Amphiserpentarius
3878:
3877:
3865:
3864:
3841:
3840:
3452:
3451:
3448:
3447:
3415:
3414:
3411:
3410:
3267:Gyps tenuirostris
3233:Rüppell's vulture
3217:Gyps himalayensis
3213:Himalayan vulture
3157:Gypaetus barbatus
3132:Aegypius monachus
3128:Cinereous vulture
3086:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3044:California condor
3023:Sarcoramphus papa
2824:Gypaetus barbatus
2742:"Flight of Fancy"
2576:howstuffworks.com
2512:Gypaetus barbatus
2468:Gypaetus barbatus
2396:Gypaetus barbatus
2365:Gypaetus barbatus
2308:Gypaetus barbatus
2275:Gypaetus barbatus
2188:on 30 March 2023.
2151:Gypaetus barbatus
2028:10.1111/ibi.12698
2012:Gypaetus barbatus
1961:"Bearded Vulture"
1931:Gypaetus barbatus
1864:Gypaetus barbatus
1688:Gypaetus barbatus
1653:978-0-691-02726-5
1628:978-0-618-12762-7
1613:Gypaetus barbatus
1607:Ferguson-Lees, J.
1508:978-1-4081-2501-4
1460:Rasmussen, Pamela
1336:"Bearded vulture"
1263:Gypaetus barbatus
1096:Sierra de Cazorla
656:Arabian Peninsula
560:Keyserling &
489:. The genus name
366:Old World vulture
339:Gypaetus barbatus
330:
329:
268:Gypaetus barbatus
214:Gypaetus barbatus
185:
81:
16:(Redirected from
5561:
5489:
5488:
5476:
5475:
5463:
5462:
5450:
5449:
5437:
5436:
5424:
5423:
5411:
5410:
5408:NHMSYS0000533331
5398:
5397:
5385:
5384:
5372:
5371:
5359:
5358:
5346:
5345:
5333:
5332:
5320:
5319:
5307:
5306:
5294:
5293:
5281:
5280:
5268:
5267:
5255:
5254:
5242:
5241:
5229:
5228:
5216:
5215:
5203:
5202:
5190:
5189:
5180:
5179:
5177:81DB7410BE70406B
5167:
5166:
5154:
5153:
5152:
5139:
5138:
5137:
5107:
5106:
4840:
4830:
4813:
4803:
4779:
4769:
4488:
4478:
4470:
4469:
4445:Archaehieraxinae
4443:
4341:Erythrotriorchis
4276:
4266:
4236:
4226:
4216:
4206:
4196:
4186:
4174:
4164:
4154:
4144:
4134:
4124:
4114:
4104:
4094:
4084:
4074:
4064:
4052:
4042:
4035:Apatosagittarius
4032:
4022:
4012:
3999:
3998:
3973:
3963:
3953:
3902:
3897:
3896:
3884:
3883:
3873:
3829:
3805:
3795:
3785:
3775:
3765:
3755:
3745:
3728:
3718:
3708:
3691:
3674:
3664:
3654:
3588:
3576:Parasarcoramphus
3573:
3560:
3559:
3551:
3550:
3543:Accipitrimorphae
3538:
3537:
3528:Accipitrimorphae
3479:
3472:
3465:
3456:
3455:
3421:
3420:
3352:Sarcogyps calvus
3323:Egyptian vulture
3207:Gyps bengalensis
3178:Palm-nut vulture
3114:
3113:
3092:
3091:
2998:Coragyps atratus
2935:
2934:
2920:
2919:
2879:
2872:
2865:
2856:
2855:
2851:
2811:diet information
2770:
2763:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2746:The New Republic
2737:
2731:
2730:
2711:
2705:
2704:
2676:
2670:
2660:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2624:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2598:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2551:
2541:
2505:
2496:
2495:
2463:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2430:
2424:
2423:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2360:
2354:
2353:
2343:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2238:
2232:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2212:
2201:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2184:. Archived from
2177:
2171:
2170:
2146:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1872:. Archived from
1858:
1852:
1851:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1819:
1813:
1812:
1802:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1771:Animal Behaviour
1762:
1756:
1755:
1745:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1719:
1709:
1681:
1675:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1603:
1536:
1535:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1452:
1443:
1442:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1389:
1383:
1382:
1369:
1360:
1359:
1346:
1340:
1339:
1338:. wwf.panda.org.
1332:
1326:
1325:
1324:. February 2022.
1318:
1312:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1286:
1253:
1224:
1212:David Ben-Gurion
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1129:
991:
977:
960:
943:
818:Diet and feeding
706:to northeastern
664:Zagros Mountains
535:are recognised:
526:
374:Egyptian vulture
324:
303:
297:
291:
285:
279:
273:
266:Distribution of
261:
216:
196:G. barbatus
180:
96:
95:
75:
70:
69:
51:
42:Bearded vulture
39:
38:
21:
5569:
5568:
5564:
5563:
5562:
5560:
5559:
5558:
5514:Birds of Europe
5499:
5498:
5497:
5492:
5484:
5479:
5471:
5466:
5458:
5453:
5445:
5440:
5432:
5429:Observation.org
5427:
5419:
5414:
5406:
5401:
5393:
5388:
5380:
5375:
5367:
5362:
5354:
5349:
5341:
5336:
5328:
5323:
5315:
5310:
5302:
5297:
5289:
5284:
5276:
5271:
5263:
5258:
5250:
5245:
5237:
5232:
5224:
5219:
5211:
5206:
5198:
5193:
5185:
5183:
5175:
5170:
5162:
5157:
5148:
5147:
5142:
5133:
5132:
5127:
5114:
5104:
5087:
5011:
4977:
4957:
4916:
4882:
4855:
4754:
4720:
4700:
4641:
4614:
4496:
4459:
4436:
4353:
4319:
4244:
3988:
3938:
3918:
3904:Horusornithidae
3891:
3889:Accipitriformes
3874:
3861:
3847:Accipitriformes
3837:
3639:
3590:Teratornithidae
3581:
3545:
3532:
3494:
3483:
3453:
3444:
3426:
3407:
3382:
3357:
3332:
3307:
3282:
3277:Gyps coprothere
3243:Griffon vulture
3237:Gyps rueppellii
3187:
3162:
3153:Bearded vulture
3137:
3108:
3078:
3053:
3028:
3003:
2978:
2929:
2914:
2888:
2883:
2779:
2774:
2773:
2764:
2760:
2750:
2748:
2738:
2734:
2712:
2708:
2681:Greece and Rome
2677:
2673:
2661:
2657:
2647:
2645:
2625:
2621:
2611:
2609:
2600:
2599:
2595:
2585:
2583:
2570:
2569:
2565:
2524:(12): e114920.
2506:
2499:
2464:
2460:
2431:
2427:
2392:
2388:
2361:
2357:
2332:10.2307/2404190
2304:
2300:
2269:
2265:
2255:
2253:
2246:Wildlife Finder
2240:
2239:
2235:
2225:
2223:
2214:
2213:
2204:
2197:
2193:
2178:
2174:
2147:
2140:
2130:
2128:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2104:
2102:
2092:
2088:
2073:
2069:
2059:
2057:
2047:
2043:
2008:
2004:
1988:
1984:
1974:
1972:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1927:
1923:
1908:
1904:
1893:
1889:
1879:
1877:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1840:
1836:
1828:
1820:
1816:
1800:
1794:
1790:
1763:
1759:
1743:
1737:
1733:
1682:
1678:
1665:
1661:
1654:
1640:
1636:
1629:
1604:
1539:
1520:
1516:
1509:
1487:
1483:
1473:
1471:
1453:
1446:
1430:
1426:
1410:
1406:
1393:Edwards, George
1390:
1386:
1370:
1363:
1347:
1343:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1303:
1299:
1289:
1287:
1254:
1245:
1240:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1116:
1104:
1092:Picos de Europa
1072:
1032:
999:
998:
997:
996:
995:
992:
983:
982:
981:
978:
969:
968:
967:
961:
952:
951:
950:
944:
933:
820:
815:
747:locally extinct
728:Las Villas Jaén
714:, and northern
702:and south from
696:Atlas Mountains
684:Altai Mountains
618:
605:
571:
463:Vultur barbatus
458:and coined the
448:Systema Naturae
431:
407:near threatened
334:bearded vulture
322:
320:Vultur barbatus
305:
301:
299:
295:
293:
289:
287:
283:
281:
277:
275:
271:
229:
218:
212:
199:
179:
145:Accipitriformes
90:
82:
73:Near Threatened
71:
67:
60:
35:
28:
27:Species of bird
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5567:
5557:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5529:Birds of Tibet
5526:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5494:
5493:
5491:
5490:
5477:
5464:
5451:
5438:
5425:
5412:
5399:
5386:
5373:
5360:
5347:
5334:
5321:
5312:Fauna Europaea
5308:
5295:
5282:
5269:
5256:
5243:
5230:
5217:
5204:
5191:
5181:
5168:
5155:
5140:
5124:
5122:
5116:
5115:
5101:
5100:
5097:
5096:
5093:
5092:
5089:
5088:
5086:
5085:
5078:
5071:
5064:
5057:
5050:
5043:
5036:
5029:
5021:
5019:
5013:
5012:
5010:
5009:
5002:
4995:
4987:
4985:
4979:
4978:
4976:
4975:
4967:
4965:
4959:
4958:
4956:
4955:
4948:
4941:
4934:
4926:
4924:
4918:
4917:
4915:
4914:
4907:
4900:
4892:
4890:
4884:
4883:
4881:
4880:
4873:
4865:
4863:
4857:
4856:
4854:
4853:
4846:
4836:
4826:
4819:
4809:
4799:
4792:
4785:
4775:
4764:
4762:
4756:
4755:
4753:
4752:
4745:
4738:
4730:
4728:
4722:
4721:
4719:
4718:
4710:
4708:
4702:
4701:
4699:
4698:
4691:
4684:
4677:
4670:
4663:
4655:
4653:
4647:
4646:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4639:
4632:
4624:
4622:
4616:
4615:
4613:
4612:
4605:
4598:
4591:
4584:
4577:
4570:
4563:
4556:
4549:
4542:
4535:
4528:
4521:
4514:
4506:
4504:
4498:
4497:
4495:
4494:
4484:
4473:
4467:
4461:
4460:
4458:
4457:
4449:
4447:
4438:
4437:
4435:
4434:
4427:
4420:
4413:
4406:
4403:Lophotriorchis
4399:
4392:
4385:
4378:
4371:
4363:
4361:
4355:
4354:
4352:
4351:
4344:
4337:
4329:
4327:
4321:
4320:
4318:
4317:
4310:
4303:
4296:
4289:
4282:
4272:
4262:
4254:
4252:
4246:
4245:
4243:
4242:
4232:
4222:
4212:
4202:
4192:
4182:
4170:
4160:
4150:
4140:
4130:
4120:
4110:
4100:
4090:
4080:
4070:
4060:
4048:
4038:
4028:
4018:
4007:
4005:
4003:incertae sedis
3996:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3986:
3979:
3969:
3959:
3948:
3946:
3940:
3939:
3937:
3936:
3928:
3926:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3916:
3908:
3906:
3893:
3892:
3880:
3879:
3876:
3875:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3859:
3858:
3857:
3851:
3849:
3843:
3842:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3835:
3825:
3818:
3811:
3801:
3791:
3781:
3771:
3761:
3751:
3741:
3734:
3724:
3714:
3704:
3697:
3687:
3680:
3670:
3660:
3649:
3647:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3637:
3630:
3623:
3616:
3609:
3602:
3594:
3592:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3579:
3568:
3566:
3564:incertae sedis
3557:
3555:Cathartiformes
3547:
3546:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3530:
3524:
3518:
3512:
3506:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3482:
3481:
3474:
3467:
3459:
3450:
3449:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3442:
3437:
3431:
3428:
3427:
3425:Related topics
3417:
3416:
3413:
3412:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3405:
3394:
3392:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3380:
3369:
3367:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3344:
3342:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3330:
3319:
3317:
3309:
3308:
3306:
3305:
3298:Hooded vulture
3294:
3292:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3280:
3270:
3260:
3253:Indian vulture
3250:
3240:
3230:
3227:Gyps africanus
3220:
3210:
3199:
3197:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3185:
3174:
3172:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3149:
3147:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3135:
3124:
3122:
3110:
3109:
3088:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3073:Vultur gryphus
3065:
3063:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3040:
3038:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3026:
3015:
3013:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3001:
2990:
2988:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2976:
2966:
2956:
2953:Cathartes aura
2949:Turkey vulture
2945:
2943:
2931:
2930:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2912:
2906:
2900:
2893:
2890:
2889:
2882:
2881:
2874:
2867:
2859:
2853:
2852:
2834:(7): 763–777.
2819:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2792:
2786:
2778:
2777:External links
2775:
2772:
2771:
2769:. birds.org.il
2758:
2732:
2729:(10): 532–533.
2715:Phillott, D.C.
2706:
2671:
2655:
2619:
2593:
2563:
2497:
2458:
2445:(1): 114–118.
2425:
2386:
2375:(2): 244–252.
2355:
2318:(3): 504–514.
2298:
2287:(2): 225–234.
2263:
2233:
2202:
2191:
2172:
2161:(2): 235–243.
2138:
2112:
2086:
2081:BirdGuides.com
2067:
2041:
2022:(1): 153–161.
2002:
1982:
1971:on 29 May 2019
1952:
1921:
1918:(in Romanian).
1902:
1887:
1853:
1834:
1814:
1788:
1757:
1731:
1676:
1672:978-8995141533
1659:
1652:
1634:
1627:
1537:
1514:
1507:
1481:
1444:
1424:
1413:Hartert, Ernst
1404:
1384:
1361:
1350:Linnaeus, Carl
1341:
1327:
1313:
1297:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1171:ornithomancers
1115:
1112:
1103:
1100:
1071:
1068:
1031:
1028:
993:
986:
985:
984:
979:
972:
971:
970:
962:
955:
954:
953:
945:
938:
937:
936:
935:
934:
932:
929:
894:monitor lizard
819:
816:
814:
811:
803:Cambridgeshire
787:Channel Island
783:United Kingdom
639:in the Indian
617:
614:
604:
601:
570:
567:
566:
565:
555:
540:G. b. barbatus
487:Gottlieb Storr
467:George Edwards
430:
427:
328:
327:
326:
325:
314:
313:
307:
306:
300:
294:
288:
282:
276:
274: Resident
270:
263:
262:
254:
253:
252:
251:
245:
242:G. b. barbatus
236:
235:
231:
230:
219:
208:
207:
201:
200:
193:
191:
187:
186:
172:
168:
167:
162:
158:
157:
152:
148:
147:
142:
138:
137:
132:
128:
127:
122:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
84:
83:
65:
62:
61:
56:
53:
52:
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5566:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5506:
5504:
5487:
5482:
5478:
5474:
5469:
5465:
5461:
5456:
5452:
5448:
5443:
5439:
5435:
5430:
5426:
5422:
5417:
5413:
5409:
5404:
5400:
5396:
5391:
5387:
5383:
5378:
5374:
5370:
5365:
5361:
5357:
5352:
5348:
5344:
5339:
5335:
5331:
5326:
5322:
5318:
5313:
5309:
5305:
5300:
5296:
5292:
5287:
5283:
5279:
5274:
5270:
5266:
5261:
5257:
5253:
5248:
5244:
5240:
5235:
5231:
5227:
5222:
5218:
5214:
5209:
5205:
5201:
5196:
5192:
5188:
5182:
5178:
5173:
5169:
5165:
5160:
5156:
5151:
5145:
5141:
5136:
5130:
5126:
5125:
5123:
5121:
5117:
5113:
5108:
5084:
5083:
5079:
5077:
5076:
5072:
5070:
5069:
5065:
5063:
5062:
5058:
5056:
5055:
5051:
5049:
5048:
5044:
5042:
5041:
5037:
5035:
5034:
5033:Chondrohierax
5030:
5028:
5027:
5023:
5022:
5020:
5018:
5014:
5008:
5007:
5003:
5001:
5000:
4996:
4994:
4993:
4989:
4988:
4986:
4984:
4980:
4974:
4973:
4969:
4968:
4966:
4964:
4963:Lophospizinae
4960:
4954:
4953:
4949:
4947:
4946:
4945:Macheiramphus
4942:
4940:
4939:
4935:
4933:
4932:
4928:
4927:
4925:
4923:
4919:
4913:
4912:
4908:
4906:
4905:
4901:
4899:
4898:
4894:
4893:
4891:
4889:
4885:
4879:
4878:
4874:
4872:
4871:
4867:
4866:
4864:
4862:
4858:
4852:
4851:
4847:
4845:
4844:
4837:
4835:
4834:
4827:
4825:
4824:
4820:
4818:
4817:
4810:
4808:
4807:
4800:
4798:
4797:
4793:
4791:
4790:
4786:
4784:
4783:
4776:
4774:
4773:
4766:
4765:
4763:
4761:
4757:
4751:
4750:
4746:
4744:
4743:
4739:
4737:
4736:
4732:
4731:
4729:
4727:
4723:
4717:
4716:
4712:
4711:
4709:
4707:
4703:
4697:
4696:
4692:
4690:
4689:
4685:
4683:
4682:
4678:
4676:
4675:
4671:
4669:
4668:
4667:Dryotriorchis
4664:
4662:
4661:
4657:
4656:
4654:
4652:
4648:
4638:
4637:
4633:
4631:
4630:
4626:
4625:
4623:
4621:
4617:
4611:
4610:
4606:
4604:
4603:
4599:
4597:
4596:
4592:
4590:
4589:
4585:
4583:
4582:
4578:
4576:
4575:
4571:
4569:
4568:
4564:
4562:
4561:
4557:
4555:
4554:
4550:
4548:
4547:
4543:
4541:
4540:
4536:
4534:
4533:
4529:
4527:
4526:
4522:
4520:
4519:
4515:
4513:
4512:
4508:
4507:
4505:
4503:
4499:
4493:
4492:
4485:
4483:
4482:
4475:
4474:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4462:
4456:
4455:
4451:
4450:
4448:
4446:
4439:
4433:
4432:
4431:Stephanoaetus
4428:
4426:
4425:
4421:
4419:
4418:
4414:
4412:
4411:
4407:
4405:
4404:
4400:
4398:
4397:
4393:
4391:
4390:
4386:
4384:
4383:
4379:
4377:
4376:
4372:
4370:
4369:
4365:
4364:
4362:
4360:
4356:
4350:
4349:
4348:Megatriorchis
4345:
4343:
4342:
4338:
4336:
4335:
4331:
4330:
4328:
4326:
4322:
4316:
4315:
4311:
4309:
4308:
4304:
4302:
4301:
4297:
4295:
4294:
4290:
4288:
4287:
4283:
4281:
4280:
4273:
4271:
4270:
4263:
4261:
4260:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4251:
4247:
4241:
4240:
4233:
4231:
4230:
4223:
4221:
4220:
4213:
4211:
4210:
4203:
4201:
4200:
4193:
4191:
4190:
4183:
4180:
4179:
4171:
4169:
4168:
4167:Palaeoplancus
4161:
4159:
4158:
4151:
4149:
4148:
4141:
4139:
4138:
4131:
4129:
4128:
4121:
4119:
4118:
4111:
4109:
4108:
4101:
4099:
4098:
4091:
4089:
4088:
4081:
4079:
4078:
4077:Gigantohierax
4071:
4069:
4068:
4061:
4058:
4057:
4049:
4047:
4046:
4039:
4037:
4036:
4029:
4027:
4026:
4019:
4017:
4016:
4009:
4008:
4006:
4004:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3991:
3985:
3984:
3980:
3978:
3977:
3976:Pelargopappus
3970:
3968:
3967:
3960:
3958:
3957:
3950:
3949:
3947:
3945:
3944:Sagittariidae
3941:
3935:
3934:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3925:
3921:
3915:
3914:
3910:
3909:
3907:
3905:
3898:
3894:
3890:
3885:
3881:
3872:
3855:
3854:
3853:
3852:
3850:
3848:
3844:
3834:
3833:
3826:
3824:
3823:
3819:
3817:
3816:
3812:
3810:
3809:
3802:
3800:
3799:
3798:Pleistovultur
3792:
3790:
3789:
3782:
3780:
3779:
3772:
3770:
3769:
3762:
3760:
3759:
3752:
3750:
3749:
3742:
3740:
3739:
3735:
3733:
3732:
3725:
3723:
3722:
3715:
3713:
3712:
3705:
3703:
3702:
3698:
3696:
3695:
3694:Cathartidarum
3688:
3686:
3685:
3681:
3679:
3678:
3671:
3669:
3668:
3661:
3659:
3658:
3651:
3650:
3648:
3646:
3642:
3636:
3635:
3631:
3629:
3628:
3624:
3622:
3621:
3617:
3615:
3614:
3610:
3608:
3607:
3603:
3601:
3600:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3591:
3584:
3578:
3577:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3565:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3552:
3548:
3544:
3539:
3535:
3529:
3525:
3523:
3519:
3517:
3513:
3511:
3507:
3505:
3501:
3500:
3497:
3492:
3488:
3480:
3475:
3473:
3468:
3466:
3461:
3460:
3457:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3432:
3429:
3422:
3418:
3403:
3399:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3391:
3390:
3385:
3378:
3374:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3366:
3365:
3360:
3353:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3341:
3340:
3335:
3328:
3324:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3316:
3315:
3310:
3303:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3291:
3290:
3285:
3278:
3274:
3271:
3268:
3264:
3261:
3258:
3254:
3251:
3248:
3244:
3241:
3238:
3234:
3231:
3228:
3224:
3221:
3218:
3214:
3211:
3208:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3195:
3190:
3183:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3171:
3170:
3165:
3158:
3154:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3146:
3145:
3140:
3133:
3129:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3121:
3120:
3115:
3111:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3093:
3089:
3074:
3070:
3069:Andean condor
3067:
3066:
3064:
3062:
3061:
3056:
3049:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3037:
3036:
3031:
3024:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3012:
3011:
3006:
2999:
2995:
2994:Black vulture
2992:
2991:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2981:
2974:
2970:
2967:
2964:
2960:
2957:
2954:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2942:
2941:
2936:
2932:
2927:
2924:Cathartidae (
2921:
2917:
2911:
2907:
2905:
2901:
2899:
2895:
2894:
2891:
2887:
2880:
2875:
2873:
2868:
2866:
2861:
2860:
2857:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2820:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2793:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2768:
2762:
2747:
2743:
2736:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2710:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2687:(46): 23–28.
2686:
2682:
2675:
2669:. 31 May 2018
2668:
2664:
2659:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2635:
2630:
2623:
2607:
2603:
2597:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2572:"Lammergeier"
2567:
2559:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2513:
2504:
2502:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2470:in Corsica".
2469:
2462:
2453:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2429:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
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2378:
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2329:
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2309:
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2294:
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2251:
2247:
2243:
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2221:
2217:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2200:
2195:
2187:
2183:
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2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2145:
2143:
2126:
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2116:
2101:
2097:
2090:
2082:
2078:
2071:
2056:
2052:
2045:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2006:
1998:
1997:
1992:
1986:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1956:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1925:
1917:
1913:
1906:
1898:
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1871:
1867:
1865:
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1827:
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1768:
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1727:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
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1680:
1673:
1669:
1663:
1655:
1649:
1645:
1638:
1630:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1614:
1611:"Lammergeier
1608:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1596:
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1590:
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1586:
1584:
1582:
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1558:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1533:
1529:
1528:British Birds
1525:
1518:
1510:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1485:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1451:
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1317:
1311:
1307:
1301:
1285:
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1258:
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1248:
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1233:
1229:
1225:
1223:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1174:
1172:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1160:
1155:
1151:
1150:
1125:
1121:
1111:
1109:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1076:
1067:
1064:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1042:, Afghanistan
1041:
1036:
1027:
1025:
1019:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
990:
976:
965:
959:
948:
942:
928:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
904:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
878:Golden eagles
874:
869:
867:
861:
859:
855:
851:
844:
839:
833:
829:
824:
810:
808:
804:
800:
796:
795:Peak District
792:
788:
784:
779:
776:
771:
770:garbage dumps
767:
762:
759:
756:
752:
748:
744:
739:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
642:
638:
633:
627:
622:
613:
610:
600:
598:
592:
590:
585:
580:
576:
563:
559:
556:
553:
549:
545:
541:
538:
537:
536:
534:
529:
527:
525:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
496:
495:Ancient Greek
492:
488:
484:
480:
479:Ernst Hartert
476:
475:type locality
472:
468:
464:
461:
460:binomial name
457:
454:
450:
449:
444:
443:tenth edition
440:
439:Carl Linnaeus
436:
426:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
403:least concern
400:
399:IUCN Red List
395:
393:
392:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
362:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
340:
335:
321:
318:
317:
315:
312:
308:
292: Extinct
269:
264:
260:
255:
249:
246:
243:
240:
239:
237:
232:
227:
223:
217:
215:
209:
206:
205:Binomial name
202:
198:
197:
192:
189:
188:
183:
178:
177:
173:
170:
169:
166:
163:
160:
159:
156:
153:
150:
149:
146:
143:
140:
139:
136:
133:
130:
129:
126:
123:
120:
119:
116:
113:
110:
109:
106:
103:
100:
99:
94:
89:
85:
79:
74:
63:
59:
54:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
5119:
5080:
5075:Lophoictinia
5073:
5066:
5061:Henicopernis
5059:
5052:
5045:
5038:
5031:
5024:
5006:Urotriorchis
5004:
4997:
4990:
4983:Melieraxinae
4970:
4950:
4943:
4936:
4929:
4911:Microspizias
4909:
4902:
4895:
4875:
4868:
4861:Haliaeetinae
4850:Polyboroides
4848:
4841:
4833:Neophrontops
4831:
4821:
4814:
4804:
4794:
4787:
4780:
4770:
4747:
4740:
4733:
4713:
4693:
4686:
4681:Pithecophaga
4679:
4672:
4665:
4658:
4634:
4627:
4607:
4600:
4593:
4586:
4581:Morphnarchus
4579:
4574:Leucopternis
4572:
4565:
4560:Helicolestes
4558:
4551:
4544:
4537:
4530:
4523:
4516:
4509:
4491:Garganoaetus
4489:
4479:
4454:Archaehierax
4452:
4429:
4422:
4415:
4408:
4401:
4394:
4387:
4380:
4373:
4366:
4346:
4339:
4332:
4325:Accipitrinae
4312:
4305:
4298:
4291:
4284:
4277:
4267:
4257:
4237:
4229:Titanohierax
4227:
4217:
4207:
4197:
4187:
4176:
4165:
4157:Palaeocircus
4155:
4145:
4137:Palaeohierax
4135:
4125:
4115:
4105:
4095:
4085:
4075:
4065:
4054:
4043:
4033:
4023:
4013:
4002:
3994:Accipitridae
3981:
3974:
3964:
3954:
3931:
3911:
3830:
3820:
3815:Sarcoramphus
3813:
3806:
3796:
3786:
3776:
3766:
3756:
3746:
3736:
3729:
3719:
3711:Diatropornis
3709:
3699:
3692:
3682:
3675:
3665:
3655:
3632:
3625:
3618:
3613:Cathartornis
3611:
3604:
3597:
3574:
3563:
3401:
3387:
3376:
3362:
3351:
3337:
3326:
3312:
3301:
3287:
3276:
3273:Cape vulture
3266:
3257:Gyps indicus
3256:
3246:
3236:
3226:
3216:
3206:
3192:
3181:
3167:
3156:
3152:
3143:
3142:
3131:
3117:
3072:
3058:
3047:
3033:
3022:
3019:King vulture
3010:Sarcoramphus
3008:
2997:
2983:
2972:
2962:
2952:
2938:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2789:Species text
2761:
2749:. Retrieved
2745:
2735:
2726:
2722:
2709:
2684:
2680:
2674:
2666:
2658:
2646:. Retrieved
2632:
2622:
2610:. Retrieved
2605:
2596:
2584:. Retrieved
2575:
2566:
2521:
2517:
2511:
2478:(1): 19–30.
2475:
2471:
2467:
2461:
2442:
2438:
2428:
2406:(1): 53–63.
2403:
2399:
2395:
2389:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2358:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2301:
2284:
2280:
2274:
2266:
2254:. Retrieved
2250:the original
2245:
2236:
2224:. Retrieved
2219:
2194:
2186:the original
2175:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2129:. Retrieved
2124:
2115:
2103:. Retrieved
2100:The Guardian
2099:
2089:
2080:
2070:
2058:. Retrieved
2055:The Guardian
2054:
2044:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2005:
1995:
1991:Bruce, C. G.
1985:
1973:. Retrieved
1969:the original
1964:
1955:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1924:
1915:
1905:
1890:
1878:. Retrieved
1874:the original
1869:
1863:
1856:
1847:
1837:
1824:
1817:
1808:
1804:
1791:
1777:(3): F1–F3.
1774:
1770:
1760:
1751:
1747:
1734:
1697:
1693:
1687:
1679:
1662:
1643:
1637:
1618:
1612:
1531:
1527:
1517:
1490:
1484:
1472:. Retrieved
1467:
1437:
1427:
1417:
1407:
1397:
1387:
1377:
1354:
1344:
1330:
1316:
1300:
1288:. Retrieved
1274:
1268:
1262:
1219:
1208:Shimon Peres
1205:
1190:
1175:
1168:
1158:
1147:
1117:
1105:
1077:
1073:
1070:Conservation
1065:
1061:
1045:
1020:
1000:
963:
946:
902:
882:rock hyraxes
870:
865:
862:
854:dead animals
847:
807:Lincolnshire
780:
763:
760:
740:
724:South Africa
662:region, the
645:
606:
597:cheek-acheek
596:
593:
578:
572:
557:
551:
548:hemachalanus
547:
539:
530:
521:
513:
505:
501:
497:
490:
482:
462:
455:
446:
432:
396:
389:
377:
370:Accipitridae
360:
359:
352:bird of prey
347:
343:
338:
337:
333:
331:
319:
267:
247:
241:
213:
211:
195:
194:
175:
174:
155:Accipitridae
36:
32:SS Ossifrage
5351:iNaturalist
5144:Wikispecies
5047:Eutriorchis
4877:Icthyophaga
4843:Palaeoborus
4806:Mioneophron
4782:Arikarornis
4735:Chelictinia
4695:Terathopius
4674:Eutriorchis
4651:Circaetinae
4553:Geranospiza
4546:Geranoaetus
4532:Buteogallus
4314:Trigonoceps
4293:Necrosyrtes
4239:Vinchinavis
4107:Mioaegypius
4067:Dynatoaetus
4056:Cruschedula
3983:Sagittarius
3924:Pandionidae
3856:See below ↓
3667:Brasilogyps
3645:Cathartidae
3627:Taubatornis
3389:Trigonoceps
3289:Necrosyrtes
3247:Gyps fulvus
2667:Pro Gypaète
2606:Nius Diario
2341:10261/47110
1975:11 February
1916:pressone.ro
1848:פורטל צפרות
1811:(2): 73–78.
1456:Gill, Frank
1373:Mayr, Ernst
1290:19 November
1180:playwright
1108:French Alps
858:bone marrow
755:Carpathians
720:Drakensberg
680:Afghanistan
670:,Iran, the
626:Switzerland
569:Description
562:Blasius, JH
524:Lämmergeier
344:lammergeier
234:Subspecies
161:Subfamily:
5503:Categories
5481:Xeno-canto
5054:Hamirostra
4999:Micronisus
4972:Lophospiza
4938:Harpyopsis
4904:Kaupifalco
4888:Harpaginae
4870:Haliaeetus
4796:Gypohierax
4760:Gypaetinae
4602:Rostrhamus
4595:Pseudastur
4511:Busarellus
4465:Buteoninae
4417:Polemaetus
4389:Ictinaetus
4382:Hieraaetus
4269:Cryptogyps
4250:Aegypiinae
4199:Proictinia
4147:Palaeastur
4087:Gobihierax
4015:Amplibuteo
3956:Amanuensis
3913:Horusornis
3778:Phasmagyps
3731:Geronogyps
3657:Aizenogyps
3634:Teratornis
3606:Argentavis
3522:Telluraves
3485:Genera of
3435:Diclofenac
3169:Gypohierax
3097:Aegypiinae
2648:4 December
2612:4 December
2131:11 October
2105:11 October
2060:11 October
1941:(1): 1–9.
1754:: 434–439.
1238:References
1114:In culture
917:partridges
799:Derbyshire
710:, central
672:Koh-i-Baba
603:Physiology
584:wing chord
533:subspecies
417:, and the
165:Gypaetinae
5040:Elanoides
4922:Harpiinae
4772:Anchigyps
4749:Gampsonyx
4688:Spilornis
4660:Circaetus
4629:Haliastur
4588:Parabuteo
4502:Buteonini
4424:Spizaetus
4396:Lophaetus
4359:Aquilinae
4334:Accipiter
4300:Sarcogyps
4279:Gansugyps
4219:Qiluornis
4127:Necrastur
4117:Miohierax
4097:Milvoides
4045:Aviraptor
4025:Aquilavus
3832:Wingegyps
3768:Pampagyps
3748:Hadrogyps
3738:Gymnogyps
3684:Cathartes
3620:Oscaravis
3599:Aiolornis
3502:Kingdom:
3339:Sarcogyps
3035:Gymnogyps
2940:Cathartes
2896:Kingdom:
2785:at ARKive
2701:162827880
2643:0140-0460
2634:The Times
1700:: e6783.
1534:(4): 215.
1206:In 1944,
1201:Leviticus
1182:Aeschylus
1015:polyandry
873:tortoises
866:ossifrage
850:scavenger
775:tree line
688:Himalayas
641:Himalayas
502:hupaietos
498:gupaietos
356:monotypic
348:ossifrage
190:Species:
111:Kingdom:
105:Eukaryota
5468:Species+
5395:22695174
5369:11428821
5278:45515786
5200:22695174
5195:BirdLife
5184:BioLib:
5164:Gypaetus
5129:Wikidata
5068:Leptodon
5017:Perninae
4992:Melierax
4952:Morphnus
4897:Harpagus
4823:Neophron
4789:Gypaetus
4726:Elaninae
4706:Circinae
4609:Rupornis
4518:Butastur
4481:Bermuteo
4410:Nisaetus
4259:Aegypius
4209:Promilio
4178:Palaetus
3808:Pliogyps
3788:Perugyps
3721:Dryornis
3701:Coragyps
3677:Breagyps
3510:Chordata
3508:Phylum:
3504:Animalia
3314:Neophron
3144:Gypaetus
3119:Aegypius
2985:Coragyps
2904:Chordata
2902:Phylum:
2898:Animalia
2886:Vultures
2717:(1906).
2580:Archived
2558:25551614
2518:PLOS ONE
2125:BBC News
2036:91797199
1993:(1923).
1880:16 March
1726:31143529
1435:(1784).
1415:(1909).
1395:(1750).
1352:(1758).
1259:(2021).
1203:11:13).
1186:tortoise
1159:Gulistan
1088:Pyrenees
1049:Ethiopia
1024:fledging
1011:Ethiopia
994:Juvenile
980:Nestling
913:steenbok
791:Alderney
766:Ethiopia
736:Asturias
716:Tanzania
660:Caucasus
648:Pyrenees
575:wingspan
544:Linnaeus
506:barbatus
493:is from
491:Gypaetus
483:Gypaetus
429:Taxonomy
419:Caucasus
361:Gypaetus
311:Synonyms
222:Linnaeus
176:Gypaetus
151:Family:
125:Chordata
121:Phylum:
115:Animalia
101:Domain:
78:IUCN 3.1
18:Gypaetus
5343:2480649
5265:lammer1
5226:lammer1
5172:Avibase
5135:Q126167
5026:Aviceda
4816:Neogyps
4620:Milvini
4567:Ictinia
4189:Pengana
3933:Pandion
3526:Clade:
3520:Clade:
3514:Class:
3491:condors
3101:Gypinae
2908:Class:
2836:Bibcode
2549:4281122
2526:Bibcode
2480:Bibcode
2408:Bibcode
2350:2404190
2320:Bibcode
1935:Ostrich
1862:"ZĂGAN
1717:6525594
1474:7 March
1232:surname
1191:In the
1135:
1124:Persian
1080:Spanish
1057:Italian
1030:Threats
1003:Eurasia
921:pigeons
909:chamois
890:marmots
751:Romania
445:of his
441:in the
386:lozenge
354:in the
171:Genus:
141:Order:
131:Class:
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5460:137191
5447:317001
5382:175483
5299:EURING
5213:113005
5082:Pernis
4931:Harpia
4742:Elanus
4715:Circus
4636:Milvus
4375:Clanga
4368:Aquila
4307:Torgos
3822:Vultur
3758:Kuntur
3487:eagles
3364:Torgos
3060:Vultur
2751:31 May
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2586:29 May
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2256:29 May
2226:30 May
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911:, and
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745:it is
743:Israel
730:, the
698:, the
686:, the
682:, the
676:Bamyan
668:Alborz
666:, the
658:, the
654:, the
650:, the
637:Ladakh
589:falcon
552:aureus
518:German
456:Vultur
358:genus
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5473:10218
5421:33610
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5317:96696
5286:EUNIS
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5187:21313
4525:Buteo
2818:, BBC
2697:S2CID
2346:JSTOR
2222:. PBS
2032:S2CID
1829:(PDF)
1801:(PDF)
1744:(PDF)
1694:PeerJ
1222:peres
1216:Negev
1197:Torah
1193:Bible
1178:Greek
1154:Sa'di
1053:Swiss
1040:Kabul
905:goats
903:Capra
886:hares
832:Italy
712:Kenya
704:Sudan
692:China
520:word
514:barba
510:Latin
453:genus
415:Tibet
382:hawks
182:Storr
5416:NCBI
5390:IUCN
5377:ITIS
5356:5379
5338:GBIF
5304:2460
5291:1069
5208:BOLD
4286:Gyps
3516:Aves
3194:Gyps
3099:and
2910:Aves
2753:2011
2650:2021
2639:ISSN
2614:2021
2588:2011
2554:PMID
2369:Ibis
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2281:Ibis
2258:2011
2228:2011
2155:Ibis
2133:2020
2107:2020
2062:2020
2016:Ibis
1977:2017
1882:2021
1722:PMID
1668:ISBN
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1623:ISBN
1503:ISBN
1476:2024
1292:2021
1275:2021
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1164:crop
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1141:Homa
1132:lit.
1120:Iran
1055:and
919:and
898:ibex
734:and
652:Alps
550:and
531:Two
471:Oran
423:eggs
391:Homa
346:and
332:The
226:1758
135:Aves
5434:288
5403:NBN
5273:EoL
5247:CMS
5234:CoL
5221:BOW
5159:ADW
2844:doi
2689:doi
2544:PMC
2534:doi
2488:doi
2476:120
2447:doi
2416:doi
2377:doi
2373:145
2336:hdl
2328:doi
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2285:142
2163:doi
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2024:doi
2020:162
1943:doi
1870:SOR
1779:doi
1712:PMC
1702:doi
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1495:182
1306:doi
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1156:in
1128:هما
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