570:
2617:
1561:
594:
2343:
779:
578:
586:
22:
911:(NAB) requested a 10 dB (10×) increase in the digital signal from the FCC. This equates to an increase to 10% of the analog carrier power, but no decrease in the analog signal. This was shown to reduce analog coverage because of interference, but results in a dramatic improvement in digital coverage. Other levels were also tested, including a 6 dB or fourfold increase to 4% (−14 dBc or 25:1).
327:
711:
digital radios can process digital signals. The digital processing of analog signals in an HD Radio also delays them. The resulting unmistakable "reverb" or echo effect from playing digital and analog radios in the same room or house, tuned to the same station, can be annoying. It is more noticeable with simple voice transmission than with complex musical program content.
78:'s allocation. This leaves the original analog signal intact, allowing enabled receivers to switch between digital and analog as required. In most FM implementations, from 96 to 128 kbit/s of capacity is available. High-fidelity audio requires only 48 kbit/s so there is ample capacity for additional channels, which HD Radio refers to as "multicasting".
1031:(MP2) audio codec which has less efficient compression than newer codecs. The typical bitrate for DAB stereo programs is 128 kilobit per second|kbit/s or less and as a result most radio stations on DAB have a poorer sound quality than FM does under similar conditions. Many DAB stations also broadcast in mono. In contrast, DAB+ uses the newer
225:. Thus most stations can transmit carefully designed digital signals on their adjacent channels without interfering with other local stations, and usually without co-channel interference with distant stations on those channels. Outside the U.S., the heavier spectral loading of the FM broadcast band makes IBoC systems like HD Radio less practical.
555:
596:
600:
599:
595:
287:'s HD Radio technology, and 3% of incremental net revenues for any additional digital subchannels. The cost of converting a radio station can run between $ 100,000 and $ 200,000. Receiver manufacturers who include HD Radio pay a royalty, which is the main reason it failed to be fully-adopted as a standard feature.
601:
937:– the limit above which the FCC protects most stations. However, the IBOC signal resides within the analog signal of the immediately adjacent station(s). With the proposed power increase of 10 dB, the potential exists to cause the degradation of the second-adjacent analog signals within its 1
2829:
It would have been desirable to stop using 128 kbit/s as the standard bit rate for music, and use 160 bit/s instead. More demanding material should have the same quality as MP3 at 128 kbit/s, i.e. 192 kbit/s in DAB. As of today, there is not capacity to increase bit rates to these
2774:
Note that the "reverb" effect is limited to analog vs. digital receivers, or in rare cases, digital receivers with remarkably different circuitry. Multiple receivers that are all HD (of the same make and model, at least), or multiple receivers that are all analog, in the same room or house, will not
1511:
The costs of installing the system, including fees, vary from station to station, according to the station's size and existing infrastructure. Typical costs are at least several tens of thousands of dollars at the outset plus per-channel annual fees (3% of the station's annual revenue) to be paid to
1477:
Mostly all existing FM receivers tuned to a channel broadcasting a HD signal are prone to increased noise on the analog signal, called "HD Radio self-noise", due to analog demodulation of the digital signal(s). In some high fidelity FM receivers in quality playback systems, this noise can be audible
2811:
As young people are the target group for some of these stations, such as P3, this must be considered to be very undesirable. The reason is that the bit rates for all the channels in the
Norwegian DAB network today are much lower than what scientific evaluation of audio quality has recommended, i.e.
699:. With no automatic identification of the station on the analog signal, there is no way for the receiver to recognize that there is no correlation between the two. The listener can possibly turn HD reception off (to listen to the local station, or avoid random flipping between the two stations), or
290:
If the HD receiver loses the primary digital signal (HD‑1), it reverts to the analog signal, thereby providing seamless operation between the newer and older transmission methods. The extra HD‑2 and HD‑3 streams do not have an analog simulcast; consequently, their sound will drop-out or "skip" when
1292:
However, since 2012, HD capable receiver adoption has significantly increased in most newer cars, and several aftermarket radio systems both for vehicles and home use contain HD Radio receivers and special features such as Full Artist
Experience. iBiquity reports that 78% of all radio listening is
81:
HD Radio is licensed so that the simulcast of the main channel is royalty-free. The company makes its money on fees on additional multicast channels. Stations can choose the quality of these additional channels; music stations generally add one or two high-fidelity channels, while others use lower
66:
In-Band On-Channel (IBOC) HD Radio transmits the digital signals in unused portions of the same channel as the analog AM and FM signals (in-band on-channel). As a result, radios are more easily designed to pick up both signals, which is why the HD in HD Radio stands for "hybrid digital," not "high
2273:
in areas where the primary station's signal can already readily be received, translators can also be used in a more traditional manner to extend the range of the full content of the primary station, including the unmodified main signal and any HD Radio sub-channels, in areas where the station has
1622:
higher than 70%. Digital transmitters operate in one of the other amplifier classes – one that is close to linear, and linearity lowers the efficiency. A modern hybrid HD FM transmitter typically achieves 50~60% efficiency, whereas an HD digital-only FM transmitter should manage just 40~45%. The
710:
Although the signals may be synchronized at the transmitter and reach the receiving equipment simultaneously, what the listener hears through an HD unit and an analog radio played together can be distinctly unsynchronized. This is because all analog receivers process analog signals faster than
470:
When the receiver can only decode the primary carriers in either mode, the audio will be mono and only text information can be displayed. The narrower bandwidth needed in either all-digital mode compared to hybrid mode reduces possible interference to and from stations broadcasting on adjacent
1344:
stations to upgrade to digital without changing frequencies, is a different digital broadcasting standard. The lack of a common standard means that HD receivers cannot receive DAB or DRM broadcasts from other countries, and vice versa, and that manufacturers must develop separate products for
1288:
Many first-generation HD Radios had insensitive receivers, which caused issues with sound quality. The HD Radio digital signal level is 10–20 dB below the analog signal power of the station's transmitter. In addition, commentators have noted that the analog section of some receivers were
892:
The ratio of power of the analog signal to the digital signal was initially standardized at 100:1 (−20 dBc), i.e., the digital signal power is 1% of the analog carrier power. This low power, plus the uniform, noise-like nature of the digital modulation, is what reduces its potential for
750:
HD Radio supports a service called "Artist
Experience" in which the transmission of album art, logos, and other graphics can be displayed on the receiver. Album art and logos are displayed at the station's discretion, and require extra equipment. An HD Radio manufacturer should pass the
598:
2832:
The broadcast companies want us to make a choice between FM, with the best audio quality in stationary receivers, and DAB which is best in a car. Today this is an unnecessary choice as there are no technological problems in making a digital radio which is better than FM on all
919:, which are secondary and therefore left unprotected from such interference. Other broadcasters are also opposed (or indifferent), since increasing power would require expensive changes in equipment for many, and the already-expensive system has so far given them no benefit.
1064:
Digital radio, such as DAB, DAB+, and HD FM often have smaller coverage of markets as compared to analog FM, radios are more expensive, and reception inside vehicles and buildings may be poor, depending on the frequencies used. HD Radio shares most of these same flaws
1388:
standard used conventional analog FM to modulate the audio carrier, the audio of television stations that broadcast on channel 6 could be heard on most FM receivers. In earlier days of television and radio, several television stations exploited this overlap and
1069:). On the other hand, digital radio allows for more stations and less susceptibility for disturbances in the signal. In the United States, however, other than HD Radio, digital broadcast technologies, such as DAB+, have not been approved for use on either the
82:
bit rates for voice-only news and sports. Previously these services required their own transmitters, often on low-fidelity AM. With HD, a single FM allocation can carry all of these channels, and even its lower-quality settings usually sound better than AM.
2799:
This analysis of the audio quality of DAB has been made independently of the broadcasting companies and aims at balancing their information. Through measurement of the audio signal and through informal listening, we have found that DAB suffers from several
971:, the interfering station will be required to reduce to the next level down of 4%, 2% (−17 dB), or 1%, until the FCC finally determines that the interference has been satisfactorily reduced. The station to which the interference is caused bears the
511:(since December 2021) broadcast all-digital under new rules adopted by the FCC on 27 October 2020 that allow any AM station to voluntarily choose to convert to all-digital operation. However, WMGG subsequently dropped MA3 and WSRO left the air.
560:
559:
557:
67:
definition." HD Radios tune into the station's analog signal first and then look for a digital signal. The
European DRM system shares channels similar to HD Radio, but the European DAB system uses different frequencies for its digital transmission.
561:
680:, to provide more variety to listeners. Stations may eventually go all-digital, thus allowing as many as three full-power channels and four low-power channels (seven total). Alternatively, they could broadcast one single channel at 300
2804:
The stereo image is smeared due to heavy use of joint stereo coding. Often the stereo image lacks focus and gives incorrect localization of instruments, in certain cases there is also incorrect balance between a vocalist and the background
2632:
Initially, portable HD receivers were not available due to the early chipsets either being too large for a small enclosure and / or needing too much power to be practical for a battery-operated device. However, in
January 2008 at the
963:), up from the previous maximum of 1% (−20 dBc). Individual stations may apply for up to 10% (−10 dBc) if they can prove it will not cause harmful interference to any other station. If at least six verified complaints of ongoing
1639:
works with the major owners of the stations to provide various additional choices for listeners, instead of having several stations independently deciding to create the same format. HD‑1 stations broadcast the same format as the regular
1498:
Labs did a study of predicted HD Radio operation if the digital power levels were increased to 10% of the maximum analog carrier power as is now allowed by the FCC under certain circumstances, and found the digital signal would increase
1547:. Although costs have historically been higher for HD hardware, as adoption has increased, prices have been reduced, and receivers containing HD Radio are becoming more commonplace – especially as more stations broadcast in HD format.
1397:
in June 2009, and low-powered stations ceased analog broadcasts by July 2021. Because the digital television and all digital radio standards are incompatible, HD receivers are not able to receive digital TV signals on the
1414:
Promotion for HD Radio often fails to make clear that some of its features are mutually incompatible with other features. For example, the HD system has been described as "CD quality"; however, the HD system also allows
1419:
the data stream between two or more separate programs. A program utilizing one half or less of the data stream does not attain the higher audio quality of a single program allowed the full data stream. The FCC has declared
558:
3797:
441:. Inside this contour, stereo audio along with graphics (station logo and "artist experience" album artwork) and text information (the station's call sign, title, album, and artist) can be decoded by the receiver.
597:
1222:), either as a hybrid analog-digital or digital only broadcast, but with 0.1 MHz digital-only bandwidth, it allows 186.3 kbit/s data rate (compared to HD FM with 0.4 MHz allowing 300 kbps.)
346:
on both sides of the station's assigned channel. Some nighttime listeners have expressed concern this design harms reception of adjacent channels with one formal complaint filed regarding the matter:
310:
and offers reduction of both interference and static. However, the data rates in HD Radio are substantially lower than from a CD, and the digital signals sometimes interfere with adjacent analog
922:
There are still some concerns that HD FM will increase interference between different stations, even though HD Radio at the 10% power level fits within the FCC spectral mask. North
American
687:
FCC rules require that one channel be a simulcast of the analog signal so that when the primary digital stream cannot be decoded, a receiver can fall back to the analog signal. This requires
1313:
standards are open standards and predate HD Radio, HD receivers cannot be used to receive these stations when sold or moved overseas (with certain exceptions; there are HD stations in
186:
claimed its HD Radio technology was used by more than 3,500 individual services, mostly in the United States. This compares with more than 2,200 services operating with the
93:
in
October 2020. The system sees little use elsewhere due to its reliance on the sparse allocation of FM broadcast channels in North America; in Europe, stations are more tightly spaced.
3805:
2808:
The treble cut-off frequency is usually as low as 14 kHz and the result is a lack of brightness and a veiled sound stage. In particular young people will notice this degradation.
2812:
lower than 192–256 kbit/s which was projected when DAB was debated in
Stortinget (Norwegian Parliament) in 1998. When the capacity is fully utilized, stations with music in the
5780:
5049:
3879:
1823:. Since then numerous other channels have implemented HD‑4 subchannels as well, although with nearly 100% talk-based formats, because of the reduced audio quality. For example,
1119:. The receiver synchronization and data coding are quite different between HD AM and DRM 30. As of 2015 there are several radio chipsets available which can decode AM, FM,
556:
2329:
running hybrid HD signals do not repeat the HD part of the radio broadcast, due to technical limitations in equipment designed before the advent of HD Radio technology.
629:) compressed digital audio depending upon the station manager's power budget and desired range of signal. HD FM also provides several pure digital modes with up to 300
4017:
775:, and security alerts can be displayed on the radio. As with "Artist Experience", emergency alerts are displayed at the station's discretion, and require extra equipment.
2990:
1632:
1373:, and so fails to recover the former TV and FM radio compatibility enjoyed by TV channel 6 broadcasters. In the days of analog television, the lowest sliver of the
3149:
2071:
and offers their HD‑2 channel as one of the few "subchannel only" independent
Christian music based formats on HD Radio. Branded as "The Crossing", it is operated by
4978:
4514:
1084:
DAB is well suited to national broadcasting networks that provide several stations as is common in Europe, whereas HD is more appropriate for individual stations.
726:, provided it is within a certain distance and height referenced to the main analog signal. The limitation assures that the two transmissions have nearly the same
4094:
2132:
format on its HD‑2 band (the HD‑2 also feeds several analog translators around the metropolitan area – see below), due to an agreement between iHeartMedia and
1293:
done on stations that broadcast in HD. There are an increasing number of stations switching to HD or adding subchannels compatible with digital radio, such as
1103:
broadcasting with compatible radios already available for sale. DRM 30 is similar to HD AM, in that each station is broadcast via channels spaced 10
1536:
stations. During mid-2010 a new generation of HD Radio broadcasting equipment was introduced, greatly lowering the startup costs of implementing the system.
782:
Spectrum of a HD Radio station as shown by a RTL-SDR USB device. The usual bandwidth of a regular FM station is visible as the marker width in the top image.
3416:
1503:
on FM. However the boosted digital HD signal coverage would then exceed analog coverage, with 17% more population covered in vehicles but 17% less indoors.
1281:
have expressed concern over the new HD system. A survey conducted in
September 2008 saw a small percentage of participants that confused HD Radio with
3582:
648:
FM stations can divide their datastream into sub-channels (e.g., 88.1 HD‑1, HD‑2, HD‑3) of varying audio quality. The multiple services are similar to the
4052:
1394:
108:(FCC) in 2002 as a digital audio broadcasting method for the United States. It is officially known as NRSC‑5, with the latest version being NRSC‑5‑E.
5845:
4427:
1648:) stations, and many of these stations offer one, two, or even three subchannels (designated HD‑2, HD‑3, HD‑4) to complement their main programming.
1012:). That multiplex is then subdivided into multiple digital streams of between 9~12 programs (or stations). In contrast, HD FM requires 400
695:
events, an HD receiver will lock on to the digital stream of a distant station even though there is a much stronger local analog-only station on the
869:
of spectrum created by restricting the analog signal. Extended hybrid provides up to approximately 50 kbit/s additional capacity. Any existing
3836:
2723:
on 15 September 2009. It included an HD receiver embedded in the media device. The Zune HD was discontinued in November 2011 in favor of
2114:
217:
licensing practice, dating from when receivers had poor adjacent-channel selectivity, assigns stations in geographically overlapping or adjacent
4224:[The sound quality in DAB digital radio] (research report) (in Norwegian). Digitale Utgivelser ved Universitetet i Oslo . Archived from
2243:
as would be needed to get a new separately-licensed station, and to avoid exceeding controlling-interest caps intended to prevent the excessive
2231:
the audio of an HD Radio channel of the primary station the translator is assigned to. This also allows station owners, who already usually own
3929:
2645:
unveiled a prototype of a new portable receiver, roughly the size of a cigarette pack. Two companies made low-power chipsets for HD receivers:
2321:
translators which use a separate receiver and transmitter require an HD Radio transmitter, just as does the main station. Translators are not
4221:
2117:. That network of eight HD‑2 and HD‑3 stations was launched on 18 May 2009 and was fully functional within two weeks. Also, in Detroit,
1390:
835:
3529:
5243:
3346:
3208:
1689:‑HD2. It is common practice to broadcast an older, discontinued format on HD‑2 channels; for example, with the recent disappearance of the
522:, operating a second channel (HD2) at a low data rate while reducing the data rate of the primary channel (HD1). In October 2020, the
4373:
5545:
3702:
4930:
3779:
1443:
audio, together with multiple sub-channels, and to a lesser extent more freedom for low-power, personal FM transmitters, to pair modern
5295:
5045:
2494:
Home and office listening equipment is available from a number of companies in both component receiver and tabletop models, including:
1482:
or the addition of a post-detection filter to prevent degradation of the analog signal quality on stations broadcasting HD Radio.
1111:. The two standards also share the same basic modulation scheme (COFDM), and HD AM uses a proprietary codec. DRM 30 operates with
52:
an existing analog radio station in digital format with less noise and with additional text information. HD Radio is used primarily by
3887:
1297:, where many local radio outlets find a growing number of listeners tuning in to their HD signals, which in turn has benefited sales.
291:
digital reception degrades (similar to digital television drop-outs). Alternatively the HD signal can revert to a more robust 20
4484:
4146:
4462:
3506:
3438:
3958:
3622:
3468:
3179:
2269:
In addition to the controversial practice of converting the HD-only secondary radio channels of a primary station into analog
1016:
bandwidth – compatible with the 200 kHz channel spacing traditionally used in the United States – with capability of 300
85:
While it is typically used in conjunction with an existing channel it has been licensed for all-digital transmission as well. Four
5139:
4029:
3987:
1370:
63:
in the United States, U.S. Virgin Islands, Canada, Mexico and the Philippines, with a few implementations outside North America.
5008:
3596:
3560:
5584:
5189:
5076:
4657:
4564:
426:
In enhanced mode, the primary, secondary and tertiary carriers are transmitted, allowing for a maximum throughput of 40.2
105:
4766:
4616:
5555:
3330:
3263:
938:
931:
447:
435:
89:
stations use the all-digital format, one under an experimental authorization, the other three under new rules adopted by the
4872:
4534:
3157:
1134:
allows either hybrid digital-analog broadcasts or pure digital broadcasts, DRM allows broadcasters to use multiple options:
365:
the HDC+SBR codec is able to simulate the recreation of sounds up to 15,000 Hz, thus achieving moderate quality on the
4325:
4116:
3318:
908:
915:
was opposed to any increase because it is likely to increase interference to their member stations, particularly to their
5604:
4986:
1148:
20 kHz digital-only bandwidth using ±10 kHz (including half of the adjacent channels) allows 24–72 kbit/s.
722:, or are permitted by the FCC to use a separate antenna at the same general location, or at a site licensed as an analog
4256:
2038:
audio to the Milwaukee radio dial after a two-month break, following the digital transition; as a channel 6 analog
2030:
on their HD‑3 subchannel since August 2009 as part of a news and weather content agreement between iHeartRadio and
3378:
1200:, a different system based upon the same principles of HD Radio on the FM band, but can be implemented in all the
273:
2695:
portable unit on 12 July 2009. It was the second portable HD receiver to come to the general market and featured
2105:
Some commercial broadcasters also use their HD‑2 channels to broadcast the programming of noncommercial broadcasters.
889:
related equipment both for the broadcasters and all of the receivers that use the services shifted to HD subchannels.
5117:
4568:
4153:
3765:
3680:
3637:
3127:
1402:
frequency, eliminating the former dual-medium compatibility of channel 6 television stations. Current low-power
1116:
980:
245:
4086:
3623:
In the matter of all-digital AM broadcasting revitalization of the AM radio service – comments of Hubbard Radio, LLC
1362:
Similarly DAB or DRM are open specifications, while iBiquity's HD specification is partly open, but mostly private.
1352:(AAC) family of codecs are publicly documented standards, the HDC codec exists only within the HD system, and is an
307:
201:
analog-digital hybrid transmission, making its adoption problematic outside of North America. In the United States,
5236:
3382:
2244:
5113:
2953:
1619:
1611:
5207:
4687:
4342:
3408:
3252:
2391:
1635:, acted as a liaison for stations to choose unduplicated formats for the extra channels (HD‑2, HD‑3, etc.). Now,
3289:
5830:
5717:
4307:
4061:
534:"The record does not establish that an audio stream on an HD-2 subchannel is currently technically feasible".
402:
5163:
5565:
4642:
4201:
4183:
2998:
2302:
930:
apart. An HD broadcast station will not generally cause interference to any analog station within its 1
366:
70:
The term "on channel" is a misnomer because the system actually broadcasts on the ordinarily unused channels
2082:
which is a public station on a college campus offer a student run station as one of the multicast channels.
5835:
5492:
5015:
4853:
4698:
3010:
3002:
2660:
2161:
2141:
2137:
2060:
1049:
Before DAB+ was introduced, DAB's inefficient compression led in some cases to "downgrading" stations from
453:, typically only the primary carriers can be received, which restricts the maximum throughput to 20.2
4818:
4732:
4435:
1145:
10 kHz digital-only bandwidth confined to ±5 kHz of the channel center allows 12–35 kbit/s;
621:
hybrid digital / analog mode offers four options which can carry approximately 100, 112, 125, or 150
133:
HD Radio is one of several digital radio standards which are generally incompatible with each other:
5840:
5790:
5229:
3828:
2977:
2973:
2826:
Two stations transmit in mono at rates of 80 and 96 kbit/s (Radio 2 Digital Moox and NRK Barn2)
2733:
produces multiple portable HD radios with AM and FM reception, like the Sangean HDR-14 portable receiver.
1842:
1603:
490:
4796:
5763:
5732:
5477:
5387:
1894:
1874:
1846:
1306:
1168:
1120:
1024:
997:
542:
signals to request and receive permission to do so; in early 2020 it rejected a multiplex request from
187:
153:
4400:
2830:
levels, so the DAB network has too low capacity with respect to requirements for decent audio quality.
691:
of the two, with a significant delay added to the analog service. In some cases, particularly during
3120:
2634:
1138:
Hybrid mode (digital/analog) - 10 kHz analog plus 5 kHz digital bandwidth allows 5–16
362:
4956:
4590:
3968:. Consumer Technology Association & National Association of Broadcasters. April 2017. p. 10
2297:" setup, where the translator simply makes a frequency shift of the entire channel, often by simple
1752:, uses its HD‑2 channel to broadcast exclusive live recordings from their private recording studio.
1717:, program smooth jazz on their HD‑2 or HD‑3 bands. Some HD‑2 or HD‑3 stations are even simulcasting
798:. The bandwidth of an FM signal is found by doubling the sum of the peak deviation (usually 75
4695:
3651:
2820:
Three stations use 160 kbit/s with an audio quality similar to FM: P2, Alltid Klassisk1 and P4
2325:
to transmit an HD Radio digital signal, and the vast majority of existing translators which repeat
2122:
2106:
2072:
2050:
2023:
1491:
1428:
956:
952:
904:
739:
253:
236:
rights which could be sold. Thus, there is no deadline by which consumers must buy an HD receiver.
4225:
1543:
50 to several hundred dollars, compared to regular FM radios which can sometimes even be found at
5742:
5641:
5594:
5502:
3546:
3053:
2969:
2113:
which is entirely noncommercial and operates solely as a public service from Bonneville's owner,
2087:
1615:
839:
3628:(Report). Hubbard Radio, LLC. 9 March 2020. MB Docket No. 19-311, MB Docket No. 13-249
3361:
1381:) overlapped with the FM audio carrier of U.S. analog television's channel 6; because the
283:
HD equipped stations pay a one-time licensing fee for converting their primary audio channel to
5825:
5636:
5550:
5392:
4762:
4377:
4282:
2232:
2126:
2091:
1972:‑HD2. The service launched in March 2006. On 8 October 2009, the format was moved to
1920:
1870:
1834:
1658:
to other competing stations, in addition to airing them on its own stations. Some stations are
1310:
1131:
1092:
893:
co-channel interference with distant analog stations. Unlike with subcarriers, where the total
768:
606:
277:
257:
167:
163:
4908:
3915:
3864:
3312:
3121:
Digital Audio Broadcasting Systems and their Impact on the Terrestrial Radio Broadcast Service
2251:
stations from going on the air in the same footprint. Translator stations are allowed greater
865:. Extended primary sidebands are added to the main primary sidebands using the extra ±30
5737:
5560:
5540:
4922:
4826:
3729:
3446:
2452:
2354:
By 2012, there were several HD receivers available on the market. A basic model costs around
1989:
1934:
1675:
1349:
1028:
972:
912:
831:
2895:. License frequencies were carefully assigned to avoid overlap with geographically adjacent
5365:
5305:
5290:
5285:
4492:
3758:
3669:
2704:
2521:
2381:
2355:
2216:
2049:
audio quirk as an advantage, in order to allow viewers to hear the station's newscasts and
1904:
1596:
1540:
1529:
1521:
1294:
1266:
According to a survey dated 8 August 2007 by Bridge Ratings, when asked the question,
916:
692:
2666:
Griffin Technology produced an HD receiver designed to plug into the dock connector of an
2663:
produced the first HD portable – the Coby HDR‑700 portable HD receiver for both AM and FM.
1478:
and irritating. Most all existing FM receivers will require modifications to the internal
1152:
On the medium wave, actual DRM bit rates vary depending on day versus night transmission (
8:
5472:
5343:
4458:
3498:
3322:
2547:
2417:
2412:
2402:
2371:
2240:
2200:
1830:
1725:
1623:
reduced efficiency causes significantly increased costs for electricity and for cooling.
1336:
DAB and DRM receivers cannot receive HD signals in the U.S. The HD system, which enables
5221:
1827:
in Los Angeles operates an HD‑4 signal and aired The Mormon Channel which was 99% talk.
5609:
4636:
4195:
3216:
2604:
2529:
2442:
2376:
2366:
2039:
1607:
1455:
1436:
1431:
digital stream of equal or greater quality than the station's existing analog signal".
1278:
1139:
1017:
1009:
976:
882:
681:
677:
657:
649:
642:
630:
622:
519:
454:
427:
386:
378:
292:
119:
115:
41:
5147:
5072:
3995:
3209:"DTS and iBiquity Digital Corp to make the drive better with HD Radio technology"
569:
118:
in September 2015 bringing the HD Radio technology under the same banner as
5815:
5722:
5681:
5599:
5019:
4896:
3903:
3852:
3576:
3326:
2957:
2892:
2762:
2696:
2347:
2270:
2228:
2173:
2157:
2068:
2009:
1981:
1969:
1950:
1928:
1916:
1908:
1898:
1890:
1882:
1862:
1854:
1749:
1741:
1686:
1641:
1479:
1385:
1374:
1341:
1074:
923:
638:
618:
229:
228:
The FCC has not indicated any intent to end analog radio broadcasting as it did with
202:
198:
5676:
5197:
4665:
2437:
Most car manufacturers offer HD receivers as audio packages in new cars, including:
1454:
The broadcasting industry is seeking FCC approval on future HD receiver models, for
479:
when the signal is too weak for the receiver to decode the primary digital carrier.
5758:
5702:
5671:
5516:
5327:
5252:
4754:
4243:
4157:
3540:
3098:
2965:
2616:
2594:
2502:
1788:
1679:
1645:
1474:
claims that RadioGuard will "provide additional revenue-generating possibilities".
1470:
to provide HD Radio with an encrypted content-delivery system called "RadioGuard".
1337:
1176:
1096:
948:
861:
of spectrum. In extended hybrid mode, the analog signal is restricted to ±100
719:
634:
539:
472:
419:
393:
374:
370:
343:
311:
126:
systems. The HD Radio technology and trademarks were subsequently acquired by
86:
5661:
4190:. New York, NY: NewBay Media, LLC. Archived from the original on 8 September 2012.
3087:. Octave Communications - Broadcasting and Telecommunication Engineering Services.
2317:
to pass the wider HD Radio signal, meaning one or both might have to be replaced.
1406:
channel 6 stations that broadcast an audio carrier on 87.75 do not have HD Radio.
975:
and its associated expenses, rather than the station that causes the problem. For
5727:
5697:
5333:
4923:"DTS and iBiquity Digital Corp to make the drive better with HD Radio technology"
4542:
4519:
2961:
2900:
2326:
2256:
2252:
2204:
2095:
1993:
1957:
1850:
1721:
1714:
1663:
1525:
1500:
1282:
1164:
983:, these numbers are relative to that lower limit rather than their actual power.
968:
964:
941:
934:
735:
727:
688:
450:
438:
382:
218:
147:
57:
53:
4880:
4124:
2823:
Twelve stations use 128 kbit/s with lower quality than FM, incl. P1 and P3.
1512:
Xperi for HD‑2 and HD‑3 (HD‑1 has no royalty charge). Large companies in larger
5820:
5337:
2293:
In order to do this, HD Radio may be passed along from the main station via a "
2287:
2184:
on HD‑2 (though neither supports "Artist Experience"). In St. Louis, Missouri,
2110:
1718:
1440:
1435:
If the FCC disallows analog simulcasting, each station will have over 300
1246:
881:) that must be shut down to use extended hybrid can be restored through use of
795:
233:
123:
2935:
HF Radio startup costs include transmitter, diplexer (or a new, separate
2711:
discontinued the NS‑HD01 model by September 2019 in favor of the NS-HD02.
1897:, offers "Wonderground Radio", music for kids and their parents, on 89.3
5809:
5712:
5437:
5317:
5256:
3027:
2936:
2724:
2310:
1938:
1820:
1706:
1575:
1528:
stations, both commercial and noncommercial, in many cases cannot afford the
1226:
1160:) and the amount of bits dedicated for error correction (signal robustness).
407:
295:
stream, although the sound quality is then reduced to conventional AM-level.
157:
75:
60:
45:
4156:. 29 January 2010. MM Docket No. 99-235, DA 10-208. Archived from
4028:. Guest commentaries. New Bay Media, LLC. Figure 1 1014. Archived from
3563:. Dolby. Coding Technologies. Archived from the original on 16 December 2008
3386:
2207:
to eliminate its analog transmissions and broadcast exclusively in digital.
1490:
Radio stations are licensed in the United States to broadcast at a specific
5784:
5259:
2742:
2625:
2477:
2386:
1878:
1804:
1792:
1757:
1544:
1513:
1459:
1416:
1356:
1190:
1050:
967:
to another station come from locations within the other station's licensed
960:
901:
700:
673:
2699:‑only playback and a non-removable rechargeable battery which charges via
1004:
version. DAB broadcasts a single multiplex that is approximately 1.5
641:
provides a "fallback" condition where it reverts to a more robust 25
5707:
5532:
5323:
3706:
3043:
Hirschmann Car Communication GmbH is now a subsidiary of TE Connectivity.
3006:
2887:
Former U.S. analog TV channel 6 occupied the upper end of the lower
2692:
2682:
2568:
2279:
2149:
1912:
1690:
1655:
1651:
1599:
1517:
1425:
1218:
1100:
1078:
772:
723:
661:
397:
296:
5114:"IBOC digital radio broadcasting for AM and FM radio broadcast stations"
1115:, historically with any of a number of codecs, including AAC, Opus, and
853:
of analog bandwidth. The primary main digital sidebands extend ±70
482:
Four stations have operated as all-digital / digital-only broadcasters:
377:
hybrid mode offers two options which can carry approximately 40~60
5589:
5575:
5277:
5121:
2994:
2920:
2667:
2557:
2487:
2342:
2314:
2298:
2236:
1458:; that is, enabling the extra subchannels to be available only by paid
1444:
1212:
1153:
897:
870:
704:
696:
4702:
4350:
1524:– can afford to implement the technology for their stations. However,
1189:
mode though in all-digital mode the signal fits inside the designated
577:
5652:
5511:
4692:
Radio Business Report / Television Business Report (rbr.com tvbr.com)
3281:
2916:
2714:
2638:
2306:
2294:
2224:
2064:
2042:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2019:
1942:
1824:
1816:
1808:
1800:
1780:
1773:
1765:
1753:
1682:
1659:
1471:
1463:
1314:
1250:
1234:
1005:
843:
819:
791:
764:
731:
543:
504:
175:
140:
was a competing U.S. standard, but has been stagnant since the 2010s.
49:
37:
5046:"Insignia NS‑HD01: First-ever portable HD Radio on sale at Best Buy"
4401:"End the radio engineering scourge that could mean doom to AM radio"
3759:
All-digital AM broadcasting – revitalization of the AM radio service
1693:
format from the analog radio dial in many markets, stations such as
5355:
5313:
5171:
3597:"Commission unanimously approves all-digital AM radio broadcasting"
3357:
3238:
3230:
2940:
2738:
2708:
2700:
2688:
2678:
2642:
2318:
2078:
College radio has also been impacted by HD Radio, stations such as
1858:
1636:
1467:
1448:
1403:
1353:
1318:
1238:
1054:
894:
815:
778:
771:(EAS) alerts in which the transmission of traffic, weather alerts,
752:
715:
585:
466:
In core-only mode, the station only transmits the primary carriers.
351:
300:
284:
183:
111:
101:
2274:
poor coverage or reception, as is done via the remote transmitter
2046:
979:
FM stations, which are allowed to remain over the limit for their
5442:
5397:
5351:
4239:
3959:"NRSC-5-D In-band/on-channel Digital Radio Broadcasting Standard"
3311:
Jones, Graham A.; Layer, David H.; Osenkowsky, Thomas G. (2013).
3031:
2730:
2719:
2621:
2599:
2581:
2542:
2430:
2283:
2275:
2185:
2145:
2118:
2099:
2083:
2079:
2015:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1985:
1977:
1973:
1965:
1961:
1946:
1924:
1886:
1866:
1838:
1784:
1769:
1761:
1737:
1710:
1702:
1698:
1671:
1330:
1157:
1112:
1070:
857:
on either side of the analog signal, thus taking a full 400
714:
Stations can transmit HD through their existing antennas using a
610:
406:, or a large waterfall, or a strong, steady wind through a dense
137:
5135:— Site with standards documents for the NRSC formats of HD Radio
5130:
4870:
3877:
3826:
3080:
1915:, offers a digital simulcast of its analog channel on 89.3
1175:
Shorter broadcast distance in hybrid mode compared to an analog
802:) and the highest baseband modulating frequency (around 60
389:
mode, which features redundancy (same data is broadcast twice).
330:
An example of information displayed by an AM HD station locking.
5666:
5482:
5456:
5451:
5410:
5361:
5347:
4830:
4724:
3253:
Planning Standards for Terrestrial FM Sound Broadcasting at VHF
3023:
2674:
2482:
2472:
2467:
2195:
In July 2018, as part of a projected one year experiment,
2189:
2177:
2133:
2129:
1812:
1796:
1322:
1300:
1230:
1206:
1058:
1043:
1039:
1036:
755:
certification, which includes displaying the artwork properly.
669:
665:
538:
The FCC requires stations that wish to multiplex their digital
269:
265:
21:
4788:
4215:
4213:
4211:
3939:. iBiquity Digital Corporation. 23 August 2011. pp. 14–16
1670:
broadcasts on sister stations' HD‑2 or HD‑3 channels, such as
1439:
bandwidth available, allowing for good stereo quality or even
986:
5487:
5382:
5274:
3057:
2576:
2552:
2513:
2462:
2447:
1326:
1242:
1197:
1124:
1107:(or 9 kHz in some regions) on frequencies up to 30
1032:
1001:
827:
626:
326:
261:
171:
143:
127:
4054:
IBOC Coverage and InterferenceIBOC Coverage and Interference
2282:, which rebroadcasts both the analog and digital signals of
633:
rate, and enabling extra features like surround sound. Like
104:
developed HD Radio, and the system was selected by the
4404:
4363:— describes Digital Radio Mondiale use in the United States
4208:
3536:
2813:
2670:
2586:
2422:
2263:
2259:
2248:
2219:
are prohibited from originating their own programming, the
2196:
2181:
2169:
2165:
2153:
2056:
1953:
1745:
1729:
1694:
1667:
1533:
1382:
1366:
1237:. HD Radio is based upon the intellectual property of
1185:
Interference with adjacent channels when using the 20
823:
807:
653:
527:
515:
508:
500:
486:
347:
249:
5101:
3880:"Sparc HD Radio receiver w/Bluetooth and emergency alerts"
2891:
TV band, which impinged on the lowest two channels of the
2262:
stations, so they may occupy a footprint in which several
1345:
different countries, which typically are not dual-format.
1057:, in order to include more channels in the limited 1
422:("MA3") allows for two modes: "Enhanced" and "core-only".
5251:
4952:
3267:
2904:
2896:
2888:
2457:
2407:
2255:(via less restrictive height and power limitations) than
2220:
1733:
1495:
1399:
1378:
1201:
1186:
1108:
1104:
1013:
927:
878:
874:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
811:
803:
799:
523:
494:
458:
431:
358:
339:
335:
222:
214:
210:
206:
194:
90:
2931:
2929:
1451:, and other devices to legacy analog FM receivers.
5202:— editorial discusses marketing challenges for HD Radio
4979:"Intel acquired SiPort, maker of Digital Radio Silicon"
4374:"HD Radio vs. internet radio: Which is radio's future?"
3652:"WWFD 820 AM becomes first all-digital AM station"
3114:
3112:
2534:
2090:, runs college radio programming on HD‑1 and HD‑2, and
794:
stations typically require up to 280 kilohertz of
385:
digital stations defaulting to the more-robust 40
160:
Eureka 147, is the most common standard in Europe.
4022:
and FCC Part 73.317 FM emission broadcast limits"
3930:"HD Radio Air Interface Design Description Layer 1 FM"
3768:. 6 October 2020. FCC-CIRC2010-05 / doc 367361A1.
1783:
inaugurated the first station with an HD4 subchannel,
2926:
2620:
Sangean HDR‑14 portable receiver playing San Diego's
2012:
signal is weaker, and does not cover the whole area.
3310:
3262:(Report). Broadcasting service (sound) (BS Series).
3109:
2656:
At least five companies made portable HD receivers:
1795:
station which also carries sister sports operations
1756:
is implementing plans to introduce its more popular
1618:. A class C amplifier can operate with overall
1167:, unfortunately it shares many of the same flaws as
392:
The digital radio signal received on a conventional
4795:(Press release). Southern California Public Radio.
2337:
2223:has controversially allowed translator stations to
1996:for their former frequency. The programming on the
1268:"Would you buy an HD Radio in the next two months?"
306:iBiquity Digital claims that the system approaches
232:, since it would not result in the recovery of any
4565:Petition for reconsideration of Jonathan E. Hardis
4515:"Boon or bust, HD Radio alters Minnesota airwaves"
4283:"Symposium DRM+ im VHF-Band III in Kaiserslautern"
742:at any given location where they may be received.
4343:"What's Happening with DRM in the United States?"
3798:"Stations in Maryland broadcasting on HD Signals"
3703:"Crawford Will Flip an Alabama AM to All-Digital"
1095:(DRM 30) is a system designed primarily for
947:On 29 January 2010, the U.S. FCC approved a
849:In (regular) hybrid mode a station has ±130
581:Spectrum of FM broadcast station without HD Radio
5807:
4623:. Archived from the original on 5 September 2008
4313:. DRM Consortium. 13 September 2013. p. 22.
4117:"Going digital – the end of radio as we know it"
3581:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
2964:power put out by the transmitter divided by the
1614:, but not linear; HD Radio requires a different
1289:inferior compared to older, analog-only models.
900:is reduced, there is no reduction to the analog
4376:. Bridge Ratings. 8 August 2007. Archived from
4147:Digital power increase for FM stations approved
3994:. NewBay Media. 1 February 2008. Archived from
2761:Station identification is sent by voice, or as
2192:for the classical music station Classic 107.3.
2115:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
5209:HD Radio, analog FM, MP3 and OGG audio samples
4658:"More power for HD Radio, more buzz on analog"
3753:
3751:
2361:Automotive HD receiver manufacturers include:
1776:into Los Angeles) via HD‑2 and HD‑3 channels.
818:audio (baseband), with the remainder used for
589:Spectrum of FM broadcast station with HD Radio
497:since July 2018 to broadcast all-digital.
5237:
2707:50 – the least expensive receiver available.
2247:. Such new translator stations can block new
2109:uses its HD‑2 and HD‑3 channels to broadcast
1857:‑HD2 and additional news programming called "
1539:HD Radio receivers cost anywhere from around
1066:
303:providing song titles or artist information.
221:to channels separated by (at least) 400
4018:"iBiquity spurious noise and emissions mask
2703:. The Insignia unit sold in 2009 for around
2008:programming in some form, as the 105.9
1654:is selling programming of several different
1301:Different format and compatibility standards
1182:Poor reception inside vehicles and buildings
1035:codec and HD FM uses a codec based upon the
951:to voluntarily increase the maximum digital
885:. However, this requires the replacement of
814:of the baseband bandwidth is used by analog
361:channel on the AM band is limited. By using
5184:— information on an early IBOC installation
4308:"DRM Introduction and Implementation Guide"
4261:Digital Radio Tech (digitalradiotech.co.uk)
3780:"FCC to vote on authorizing all-digital AM"
3748:
2972:, ranging over all classes from 25% at the
2180:on its primary frequency, and rebroadcasts
1409:
1256:
987:Comparison to other digital radio standards
434:of bandwidth out to the station's 0.5
5244:
5230:
3886:. Get a radio / home radio. Archived from
2960:final-stage amplifier. It is the ratio of
2899:TV stations on analog channel 6, and
2778:
1956:) re-broadcasts a locally programmed, all-
1905:KPCC‑FM (Southern California Public Radio)
4688:"WJFK launches first HD Radio "quadcast""
4349:. DRM news. 30 April 2010. Archived from
4323:
4123:. Feature. 3 January 2002. Archived from
2765:data, but not all stations transmit RBDS.
2677:, with tuning functionality provided via
1261:
396:tuned to an adjacent channel sounds like
48:broadcast technology. HD radio generally
5846:2002 establishments in the United States
5196:. Mercury Radio Research. Archived from
5070:
4854:"Hubbard testing all-digital AM on WWFD"
4326:"Use of DRM+ in the FM Band 87.5-108MHz"
4257:"Mono is the new stereo on national DAB"
3503:Write or Karl me! (karlzuk.blogspot.com)
3461:
3156:. Nielsen Business Media. Archived from
3141:
2691:started selling the Insignia NS‑HD01, a
2615:
2341:
1560:
1485:
1393:. Full-powered television stations were
777:
592:
584:
576:
568:
553:
334:The AM hybrid mode ("MA1") uses 30
325:
174:configurations) was intended mostly for
20:
5218:— audio samples of actual HD broadcasts
4929:(Press release). DTS / iBiquity. 2009.
4879:. Get a radio / new car. Archived from
4851:
4655:
4428:"HD Radio awareness is up ... so what?"
4181:
4050:
3409:"Becoming an HD Radio IP licensee"
3172:
2840:Capacity for all the stations one wants
2685:display. This product was discontinued.
1395:forced to cease their analog broadcasts
1371:digital television in the United States
264:based upon, but incompatible with, the
5808:
5205:
5187:
5079:from the original on 22 September 2009
5071:Topolsky, Joshua (17 September 2009).
4425:
4087:"HD Radio – less choice / more noise!"
3988:"NAB will ask FCC to up FM IBOC power"
3727:
3147:
3119:Dortch, Marlene H. (11 October 2002).
3118:
3022:Note however, that at some point, the
2786:The sound quality in DAB digital radio
1229:system, albeit one that is subject to
1163:Although DRM offers a growth path for
786:
213:elsewhere. Furthermore, long-standing
106:U.S. Federal Communications Commission
5622:
5225:
5043:
4735:from the original on 28 November 2017
4614:
4465:from the original on 28 December 2008
4456:
3670:"FCC authorizes all-digital AM radio"
3419:from the original on 31 December 2008
3264:International Telecommunication Union
2000:‑HD2 channel now is a rebroadcast of
998:Eureka-147 Digital Audio Broadcasting
4591:Second Report & Order (U.S. FCC)
4459:"HD Radio undermined by weak tuners"
4219:
4182:Stimson, Leslie (15 February 2010).
4097:from the original on 19 October 2006
3319:National Association of Broadcasters
3026:simulcast changed to a simulcast of
2968:it consumes. Efficiencies differ by
2956:" is actually the efficiency of the
2741:was trying to get HDR chipsets into
2266:might have been licensed otherwise.
2148:'s HD‑2 channel. On a similar note,
2004:, in order to give full coverage of
1554:
1550:
909:National Association of Broadcasters
763:Since 2016, newer HD Radios support
745:
730:, and that they maintain the proper
4799:from the original on 5 October 2017
4769:from the original on 7 October 2015
4656:Behrens, Steve (2 September 2008).
3496:
3292:from the original on 20 August 2017
1532:1,000 yearly Xperi fee assessed to
13:
5623:
4959:from the original on 25 April 2009
4852:Reigart, Emily M. (16 July 2018).
4426:Saghir, Ryan (12 September 2008).
4398:
3478:. National Radio Systems Committee
3439:"How does HD Digital Radio Sound?"
3189:. National Radio Systems Committee
2837:Reception without garbling in cars
2301:. This may require an increase in
2022:has offered an audio simulcast of
274:modified discrete cosine transform
16:Digital radio broadcast technology
14:
5857:
5214:Open Geek (opengeek.blogspot.com)
5190:"The premature death of HD Radio"
5118:Federal Communications Commission
5094:
5073:"Zune HD review by Engadget"
5052:from the original on 13 July 2009
5009:"Coby HDR‑700 HD receiver manual"
4933:from the original on 3 April 2015
4569:Federal Communications Commission
4331:. Deutsches DRM-Forum. p. 6.
4188:Radio World online (rwonline.com)
4154:Federal Communications Commission
3878:Juan@HDRadio (28 October 2016).
3839:from the original on 25 July 2016
3766:Federal Communications Commission
3728:Fybush, Scott (6 December 2019).
3681:Federal Communications Commission
3638:Federal Communications Commission
3128:Federal Communications Commission
2053:programming on their car radios.
1992:as part of a frequency swap with
738:to each other so as not to cause
565:HD Radio DX during a band opening
413:
5778:
4615:Pizzi, Skip (1 September 2007).
4567:(Report). before U.S. FCC. U.S.
4457:Menta, Richard (24 March 2007).
4403:. Stop IBOC Now!. Archived from
4222:Lydkvalitetet i DAB digitalradio
3527:MP3 sample of the interference:
3509:from the original on 8 July 2011
3415:. iBiquity Digital Corporation.
3383:Consumer Electronics Association
2350:in a Volkswagen RCD‑510 receiver
2338:Automotive and home/professional
2245:concentration of media ownership
1559:
1087:
996:Some countries have implemented
991:
664:broadcasting. For example, some
197:wide channel is required for HD
5126:— IBOC general information page
5064:
5037:
5001:
4971:
4945:
4915:
4864:
4845:
4811:
4781:
4747:
4717:
4680:
4649:
4608:
4583:
4557:
4527:
4507:
4477:
4450:
4419:
4392:
4366:
4335:
4317:
4300:
4275:
4249:
4175:
4139:
4109:
4079:
4044:
4010:
3980:
3951:
3922:
3871:
3820:
3790:
3772:
3764:(Report). FCC fact sheet. U.S.
3721:
3695:
3662:
3644:
3615:
3589:
3553:
3545:(mp3 soundclip). Archived from
3521:
3497:Zuk, Karl (20 November 2007) .
3490:
3431:
3401:
3371:
3347:"iBiquity licensing fact sheet"
3339:
3304:
3046:
3037:
3016:
2983:
2946:
2910:
2881:
2768:
2755:
2346:HD‑1 signal on KOST 103.5
1736:analog and HD) is simulcast on
1245:The United States uses DRM for
471:channels. However, all-digital
5718:Error detection and correction
5206:Dingus, Doug (11 March 2005).
5106:HD Digital Radio (hdradio.com)
5044:Murph, Darren (12 July 2009).
4953:"Intel Mobile Modem Solutions"
4877:HD Digital Radio (hdradio.com)
4729:HD Digital Radio (hdradio.com)
4701:. 8 March 2010. Archived from
4617:"Subscription radio gets real"
4489:HD Digital Radio (hdradio.com)
4324:Schroeder, Jens (April 2016).
4184:"FCC order lays out the steps"
3884:HD Digital Radio (hdradio.com)
3833:HD Digital Radio (hdradio.com)
3827:Juan@HDRadio (24 July 2013).
3786:. FCC Report. 11 October 2020.
3443:HD Digital Radio (hdradio.com)
3274:
3245:
3223:
3201:
3091:
3073:
2997:of major broadcasters such as
2210:
1626:
1333:, and a few other countries).
701:listen to the distant stations
446:Beyond the station's 0.5
1:
4871:Juan@HDRadio (9 July 2013).
4091:Worldsupercaster.Blogspot.com
3150:"FCC approves HD Radio rules"
3148:Tucker, Ken (22 March 2007).
3067:
2235:and nationally, to avoid the
1833:are also embracing HD Radio.
1728:, for example, clear-channel
1506:
1225:Digital Radio Mondiale is an
873:services (usually at 92
758:
457:while only requiring 10
209:apart as opposed to 100
5188:Ramsey, Mark (16 May 2005).
5140:"Canadian HD Radio stations"
5016:Coby Electronics Corporation
4699:Washington metropolitan area
4026:Radio World (radioworld.com)
3992:Radio World (radioworld.com)
3802:iBiquity Digital Corporation
3358:iBiquity Digital Corporation
3239:iBiquity Digital Corporation
3011:Clear Channel Communications
2919:is a maker of digital media
2748:
2661:Coby Electronics Corporation
2396:Hirschmann Car Communication
2332:
2138:Educational Media Foundation
1685:'s programming on 96.5
1570:appears to contradict itself
475:lacks the analog signal for
239:
7:
5791:Comparison of radio systems
3379:"Terrestrial Digital Radio"
3235:HD Radio (hdradio.com)
2611:
503:(since January 2021),
491:special temporary authority
10:
5862:
5764:International broadcasting
5733:FM extended band in Brazil
5216:(MP3 and OGG audio clips).
3730:"HD‑2 arrives on AM radio"
2943:), and installation labor.
2843:Audio with near-CD quality
2775:produce a noticeable echo.
1391:operated as radio stations
518:experimented with using a
507:(since May 2021) and
357:The capacity of a 30
154:Digital Audio Broadcasting
96:
5772:
5751:
5690:
5650:
5629:
5618:
5574:
5531:
5501:
5465:
5430:
5423:
5375:
5304:
5273:
5266:
4725:"Local HD Radio stations"
4641:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
4200:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2991:HD Digital Radio Alliance
2816:area use these bit rates:
2635:Consumer Electronics Show
2233:multiple stations locally
2160:‑HD3 signal rebroadcasts
1633:HD Digital Radio Alliance
969:service geographic region
836:rental to other customers
363:spectral band replication
350:owner Bob Savage against
128:Xperi Holding Corporation
4121:DIY Media (diymedia.net)
3381:. Digital America 2006.
3314:NAB Engineering Handbook
3099:"Definition of HD Radio"
3030:, sister sports station
2239:process of changing the
2123:urban adult contemporary
2107:Bonneville International
2073:Azusa Pacific University
1492:effective radiated power
1410:Reduced-quality concerns
1257:Acceptance and criticism
953:effective radiated power
740:destructive interference
260:). HDC is a proprietary
254:audio compression format
5743:Shortwave relay station
5642:Audio signal processing
4491:(image). Archived from
3231:"HD Radio broadcasters"
3081:"HDR/FM Nomad Analyzer"
2499:Audio Design Associates
2168:, and in Santa Barbara
1881:" service on 99.5
1861:and More" on 91.1
1849:, offers music service
1837:offers a few services:
1602:normally operate with "
1127:, and HD AM and HD FM.
840:transmitter/studio link
810:is used). Only 15
338:of bandwidth (±15
315:
299:is also possible, with
244:Digital information is
5637:Audio data compression
5164:"WOR transmitter tour"
4763:Minnesota Public Radio
4051:Veriner, Doug (2006).
3360:. 2009. Archived from
3266:(ITU). December 1998.
3056:, startup acquired by
2954:Transmitter efficiency
2903:on 87.7 and 87.9
2629:
2351:
2127:contemporary Christian
2092:electronic dance music
1835:Minnesota Public Radio
1779:On 8 March 2009,
1760:into distant markets (
1678:simulcasting 610
1620:transmitter efficiency
1365:HD Radio does not use
1262:Awareness and coverage
1093:Digital Radio Mondiale
1020:in digital-only mode.
955:(ERP) to 4% of analog
783:
769:Emergency Alert System
614:
607:Emergency Alert System
590:
582:
574:
566:
331:
314:stations. (see §
278:audio data compression
258:High-Definition Coding
164:Digital Radio Mondiale
26:
5831:Broadcast engineering
5738:Multipath propagation
5561:MPEG-1 Audio Layer II
5431:Frequency allocations
5306:Frequency allocations
5124:on 30 September 2007.
4827:New York Public Radio
4596:(Report). 31 May 2007
2681:through the device's
2619:
2345:
2217:broadcast translators
1990:New York Public Radio
1935:New York Public Radio
1931:‑HD2 in Los Angeles.
1907:, heard on 89.3
1578:for more information.
1486:Reduced analog signal
1466:has made a deal with
1350:Advanced Audio Coding
1029:MPEG-1 Audio Layer II
1023:The first generation
917:broadcast translators
913:National Public Radio
832:radio reading service
781:
604:
588:
580:
572:
564:
549:
329:
321:
144:Compatible AM Digital
122:'s eponymous theater
24:
5691:Technical (emission)
4539:NETH‑FM (nethfm.com)
4220:Holm, Steve (2007).
3325:. pp. 558–559.
3323:Taylor & Francis
2522:Directed Electronics
2382:Directed Electronics
1764:into New York City,
1522:Cumulus Broadcasting
1295:St. Cloud, Minnesota
1270:Only 1.0% responded
1239:iBiquity Digital Co.
1067:see criticisms below
926:are spaced 200
693:tropospheric ducting
668:stations have added
573:HD Radio transmitter
430:while using 20
205:are spaced 200
184:iBiquity Digital Co.
5836:American inventions
5174:on 21 December 2016
4833:on 26 February 2010
4668:on 30 December 2008
4523:. 21 February 2015.
4407:on 4 September 2011
4380:on 16 December 2008
4287:www.drm-radio-kl.eu
4242:) with Summary (in
3829:"Artist Experience"
3499:"Night of the bees"
3469:"NRSC‑5‑D standard"
3219:. 2 September 2015.
3180:"NRSC‑5‑E standard"
2862:— Steve Holm (2007)
2731:Sangean Electronics
2241:table of allotments
2227:in standard analog
2203:, became the first
2201:Frederick, Maryland
1831:Public broadcasters
1701:, (formerly WVMV),
1369:, the standard for
1279:broadcast engineers
1000:(DAB) or the newer
883:digital subchannels
787:Bandwidth and power
678:digital subchannels
650:digital subchannels
381:of data, with most
5841:2002 introductions
4907:has generic name (
4621:Radio World online
4263:. 15 December 2006
4127:on 11 January 2009
4093:. 16 August 2005.
4020:TX SSS 1026s rev E
3914:has generic name (
3863:has generic name (
3449:on 21 January 2009
3282:"Receiving NRSC‑5"
3160:on 3 November 2007
2974:worst-of-the-worst
2630:
2530:Jensen Electronics
2377:Delphi Corporation
2367:Alpine Electronics
2352:
2257:locally originated
2188:-HD2 rebroadcasts
2125:station, airs the
2040:television station
1768:into Florida, and
1456:conditional access
1130:Similar to HD AM,
1123:, DRM 30 and
1010:megabit per second
784:
658:digital television
625:of data carrying (
615:
591:
583:
575:
567:
520:digital subchannel
332:
182:By May 2018,
42:in-band on-channel
27:
5803:
5802:
5799:
5798:
5723:FM broadcast band
5630:Technical (audio)
5527:
5526:
5419:
5418:
4438:on 4 January 2009
3966:nrscstandards.org
3937:nrscstandards.org
3683:. 27 October 2020
3679:(Press release).
3603:. 30 October 2020
3549:on 25 March 2009.
3531:IBOC observations
3476:nrscstandards.org
3389:on 8 January 2009
3332:978-1-136-03410-7
3187:nrscstandards.org
2893:FM broadcast band
2313:if either is too
1750:Boulder, Colorado
1699:Detroit, Michigan
1593:
1592:
1551:Power consumption
1386:analog television
1375:FM broadcast band
1243:Xperi Holding Co.
746:Artist Experience
703:and try to get a
637:, purely-digital
602:
562:
400:– the sound of a
344:adjacent channels
230:analog television
5853:
5785:Radio portal
5783:
5782:
5781:
5759:History of radio
5703:AM expanded band
5620:
5619:
5503:Commercial radio
5428:
5427:
5271:
5270:
5246:
5239:
5232:
5223:
5222:
5217:
5201:
5183:
5181:
5179:
5170:. Archived from
5168:hawkins.pair.com
5159:
5157:
5155:
5150:on 24 April 2018
5146:. Archived from
5134:
5131:"NRSC standards"
5125:
5120:. Archived from
5109:
5108:(official site).
5089:
5088:
5086:
5084:
5068:
5062:
5061:
5059:
5057:
5041:
5035:
5034:
5032:
5030:
5024:
5018:. Archived from
5013:
5005:
4999:
4998:
4996:
4994:
4985:. Archived from
4975:
4969:
4968:
4966:
4964:
4949:
4943:
4942:
4940:
4938:
4919:
4913:
4912:
4906:
4902:
4900:
4892:
4890:
4888:
4883:on 14 April 2018
4868:
4862:
4861:
4849:
4843:
4842:
4840:
4838:
4829:. Archived from
4825:. New York, NY:
4815:
4809:
4808:
4806:
4804:
4785:
4779:
4778:
4776:
4774:
4751:
4745:
4744:
4742:
4740:
4721:
4715:
4714:
4712:
4710:
4705:on 11 March 2010
4684:
4678:
4677:
4675:
4673:
4664:. Archived from
4653:
4647:
4646:
4640:
4632:
4630:
4628:
4612:
4606:
4605:
4603:
4601:
4595:
4587:
4581:
4580:
4578:
4576:
4561:
4555:
4554:
4552:
4550:
4541:. Archived from
4535:"Our technology"
4531:
4525:
4524:
4511:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4500:
4495:on 15 March 2015
4481:
4475:
4474:
4472:
4470:
4454:
4448:
4447:
4445:
4443:
4434:. Archived from
4423:
4417:
4416:
4414:
4412:
4396:
4390:
4389:
4387:
4385:
4370:
4364:
4362:
4360:
4358:
4353:on 26 April 2012
4339:
4333:
4332:
4330:
4321:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4304:
4298:
4297:
4295:
4293:
4279:
4273:
4272:
4270:
4268:
4253:
4247:
4237:
4235:
4233:
4217:
4206:
4205:
4199:
4191:
4179:
4173:
4172:
4170:
4168:
4162:
4151:
4143:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4132:
4113:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4102:
4083:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4072:
4067:on 25 March 2009
4066:
4060:. Archived from
4059:
4048:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4037:
4021:
4014:
4008:
4007:
4005:
4003:
3998:on 4 August 2008
3984:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3973:
3963:
3955:
3949:
3948:
3946:
3944:
3934:
3926:
3920:
3919:
3913:
3909:
3907:
3899:
3897:
3895:
3890:on 14 April 2018
3875:
3869:
3868:
3862:
3858:
3856:
3848:
3846:
3844:
3824:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3813:
3804:. Archived from
3794:
3788:
3787:
3784:radioinsight.com
3776:
3770:
3769:
3763:
3755:
3746:
3745:
3743:
3741:
3725:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3714:
3709:. 22 August 2023
3699:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3688:
3674:
3666:
3660:
3659:
3648:
3642:
3641:
3635:
3633:
3627:
3619:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3608:
3593:
3587:
3586:
3580:
3572:
3570:
3568:
3557:
3551:
3550:
3525:
3519:
3518:
3516:
3514:
3494:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3483:
3473:
3465:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3454:
3445:. Archived from
3435:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3424:
3405:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3394:
3385:. Archived from
3375:
3369:
3368:
3367:on 13 July 2011.
3366:
3351:
3343:
3337:
3336:
3308:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3297:
3278:
3272:
3271:
3257:
3249:
3243:
3242:
3227:
3221:
3220:
3205:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3184:
3176:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3145:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3134:
3125:
3116:
3107:
3106:
3095:
3089:
3088:
3077:
3061:
3050:
3044:
3041:
3035:
3020:
3014:
2987:
2981:
2978:best-of-the-best
2976:, to 90% at the
2966:electrical power
2950:
2944:
2933:
2924:
2914:
2908:
2885:
2879:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2782:
2776:
2772:
2766:
2759:
2722:
2591:
2573:
2565:
2539:
2518:DICE Electronics
2507:
2503:Boston Acoustics
2427:
2140:(EMF), allowing
2034:. This restored
1988:was acquired by
1980:) on 105.9
1968:", on 93.9
1869:, the classical
1789:Washington, D.C.
1631:Until 2013, the
1588:
1585:
1579:
1563:
1562:
1555:
1494:level. In 2008,
1377:(87.7–87.9
949:report and order
603:
563:
530:'s experiments:
405:
342:), and overlaps
308:CD quality audio
114:was acquired by
5861:
5860:
5856:
5855:
5854:
5852:
5851:
5850:
5806:
5805:
5804:
5795:
5779:
5777:
5768:
5747:
5728:FM broadcasting
5698:AM broadcasting
5686:
5646:
5625:
5614:
5570:
5523:
5497:
5466:Digital systems
5461:
5446:
5415:
5376:Digital systems
5371:
5300:
5262:
5250:
5177:
5175:
5162:
5153:
5151:
5138:
5129:
5112:
5100:
5097:
5092:
5082:
5080:
5069:
5065:
5055:
5053:
5042:
5038:
5028:
5026:
5022:
5011:
5007:
5006:
5002:
4992:
4990:
4983:abiresearch.com
4977:
4976:
4972:
4962:
4960:
4951:
4950:
4946:
4936:
4934:
4921:
4920:
4916:
4904:
4903:
4894:
4893:
4886:
4884:
4869:
4865:
4850:
4846:
4836:
4834:
4817:
4816:
4812:
4802:
4800:
4787:
4786:
4782:
4772:
4770:
4759:publicradio.org
4753:
4752:
4748:
4738:
4736:
4723:
4722:
4718:
4708:
4706:
4686:
4685:
4681:
4671:
4669:
4654:
4650:
4634:
4633:
4626:
4624:
4613:
4609:
4599:
4597:
4593:
4589:
4588:
4584:
4574:
4572:
4563:
4562:
4558:
4548:
4546:
4545:on 14 July 2011
4533:
4532:
4528:
4520:St. Cloud Times
4513:
4512:
4508:
4498:
4496:
4483:
4482:
4478:
4468:
4466:
4455:
4451:
4441:
4439:
4424:
4420:
4410:
4408:
4397:
4393:
4383:
4381:
4372:
4371:
4367:
4356:
4354:
4341:
4340:
4336:
4328:
4322:
4318:
4310:
4306:
4305:
4301:
4291:
4289:
4281:
4280:
4276:
4266:
4264:
4255:
4254:
4250:
4231:
4229:
4218:
4209:
4193:
4192:
4180:
4176:
4166:
4164:
4160:
4152:(Report). U.S.
4149:
4145:
4144:
4140:
4130:
4128:
4115:
4114:
4110:
4100:
4098:
4085:
4084:
4080:
4070:
4068:
4064:
4057:
4049:
4045:
4035:
4033:
4032:on 28 June 2017
4019:
4016:
4015:
4011:
4001:
3999:
3986:
3985:
3981:
3971:
3969:
3961:
3957:
3956:
3952:
3942:
3940:
3932:
3928:
3927:
3923:
3911:
3910:
3901:
3900:
3893:
3891:
3876:
3872:
3860:
3859:
3850:
3849:
3842:
3840:
3825:
3821:
3811:
3809:
3808:on 13 July 2011
3796:
3795:
3791:
3778:
3777:
3773:
3761:
3757:
3756:
3749:
3739:
3737:
3726:
3722:
3712:
3710:
3701:
3700:
3696:
3686:
3684:
3672:
3668:
3667:
3663:
3658:. 16 July 2018.
3650:
3649:
3645:
3631:
3629:
3625:
3621:
3620:
3616:
3606:
3604:
3595:
3594:
3590:
3574:
3573:
3566:
3564:
3561:"SBR explained"
3559:
3558:
3554:
3528:
3526:
3522:
3512:
3510:
3495:
3491:
3481:
3479:
3471:
3467:
3466:
3462:
3452:
3450:
3437:
3436:
3432:
3422:
3420:
3407:
3406:
3402:
3392:
3390:
3377:
3376:
3372:
3364:
3349:
3345:
3344:
3340:
3333:
3309:
3305:
3295:
3293:
3288:. 9 June 2017.
3280:
3279:
3275:
3255:
3251:
3250:
3246:
3229:
3228:
3224:
3207:
3206:
3202:
3192:
3190:
3182:
3178:
3177:
3173:
3163:
3161:
3146:
3142:
3132:
3130:
3126:(Report). U.S.
3123:
3117:
3110:
3097:
3096:
3092:
3079:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3065:
3064:
3054:Santa Clara, CA
3051:
3047:
3042:
3038:
3021:
3017:
3009:(then known as
2988:
2984:
2970:amplifier class
2951:
2947:
2934:
2927:
2915:
2911:
2886:
2882:
2834:
2831:
2817:
2801:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2789:
2783:
2779:
2773:
2769:
2760:
2756:
2751:
2718:
2624:HD‑2 channel, "
2614:
2609:
2589:
2571:
2563:
2537:
2505:
2492:
2435:
2425:
2340:
2335:
2253:broadcast range
2213:
2096:WolfBytes Radio
1994:Univision Radio
1889:, on 89.3
1873:station in the
1851:Radio Heartland
1845:station in the
1715:Cleveland, Ohio
1629:
1616:amplifier class
1589:
1583:
1580:
1574:Please see the
1573:
1564:
1553:
1526:community radio
1509:
1501:RF interference
1488:
1412:
1303:
1283:satellite radio
1264:
1259:
1165:AM broadcasters
1090:
994:
989:
981:broadcast class
973:burden of proof
965:RF interference
935:service contour
789:
761:
748:
736:signal strength
728:broadcast range
689:synchronization
593:
554:
552:
526:concluded from
416:
410:, or similar.
401:
373:. The HD Radio
324:
242:
99:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5859:
5849:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5801:
5800:
5797:
5796:
5794:
5793:
5788:
5773:
5770:
5769:
5767:
5766:
5761:
5755:
5753:
5749:
5748:
5746:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5694:
5692:
5688:
5687:
5685:
5684:
5679:
5677:Kahn-Hazeltine
5674:
5669:
5664:
5658:
5656:
5648:
5647:
5645:
5644:
5639:
5633:
5631:
5627:
5626:
5624:Related topics
5616:
5615:
5613:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5581:
5579:
5572:
5571:
5569:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5537:
5535:
5529:
5528:
5525:
5524:
5522:
5521:
5520:
5519:
5508:
5506:
5499:
5498:
5496:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5469:
5467:
5463:
5462:
5460:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5440:
5434:
5432:
5425:
5421:
5420:
5417:
5416:
5414:
5413:
5408:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5379:
5377:
5373:
5372:
5370:
5369:
5359:
5341:
5331:
5321:
5310:
5308:
5302:
5301:
5299:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5282:
5280:
5268:
5264:
5263:
5249:
5248:
5241:
5234:
5226:
5220:
5219:
5203:
5200:on 3 May 2007.
5185:
5160:
5136:
5127:
5110:
5096:
5095:External links
5093:
5091:
5090:
5063:
5036:
5025:on 8 July 2011
5000:
4989:on 7 July 2017
4970:
4944:
4914:
4863:
4858:radioworld.com
4844:
4810:
4780:
4746:
4716:
4679:
4648:
4607:
4582:
4556:
4526:
4506:
4485:"Stats banner"
4476:
4449:
4418:
4391:
4365:
4334:
4316:
4299:
4274:
4248:
4207:
4174:
4163:on 23 May 2014
4138:
4108:
4078:
4043:
4009:
3979:
3950:
3921:
3870:
3819:
3789:
3771:
3747:
3720:
3694:
3661:
3643:
3614:
3588:
3552:
3543:(wysl1040.com)
3520:
3489:
3460:
3430:
3400:
3370:
3338:
3331:
3303:
3273:
3244:
3222:
3200:
3171:
3140:
3108:
3090:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3063:
3062:
3045:
3036:
3015:
2982:
2945:
2925:
2909:
2880:
2878:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2874:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2870:
2869:
2868:
2867:
2866:
2865:
2864:
2863:
2845:
2844:
2841:
2838:
2828:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2810:
2809:
2806:
2777:
2767:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2735:
2734:
2728:
2725:Windows Phones
2712:
2686:
2664:
2654:
2653:
2650:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2590:(discontinued)
2584:
2579:
2574:
2572:(discontinued)
2566:
2564:(discontinued)
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2538:(discontinued)
2532:
2527:
2524:
2519:
2516:
2511:
2508:
2506:(discontinued)
2500:
2496:
2491:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2439:
2434:
2433:
2428:
2426:(discontinued)
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2363:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2288:Salt Lake City
2212:
2209:
2111:Mormon Channel
2059:, operated by
2045:exploited the
1923:music service
1726:St. Louis
1668:lower-power FM
1628:
1625:
1597:analog-only FM
1591:
1590:
1567:
1565:
1558:
1552:
1549:
1508:
1505:
1487:
1484:
1441:surround sound
1433:
1432:
1411:
1408:
1302:
1299:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1227:open standards
1195:
1194:
1183:
1180:
1150:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1089:
1086:
1008:wide (≈1
993:
990:
988:
985:
788:
785:
760:
757:
747:
744:
697:same frequency
551:
548:
536:
535:
513:
512:
498:
468:
467:
463:
462:
443:
442:
415:
414:All-digital AM
412:
323:
320:
241:
238:
234:radio spectrum
219:coverage areas
180:
179:
161:
151:
141:
124:surround sound
98:
95:
61:radio stations
25:HD Radio logo.
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5858:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5826:Digital radio
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5813:
5811:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5786:
5775:
5774:
5771:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5756:
5754:
5750:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5713:Digital radio
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5695:
5693:
5689:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5649:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5634:
5632:
5628:
5621:
5617:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5573:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5538:
5536:
5534:
5530:
5518:
5515:
5514:
5513:
5510:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5500:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5470:
5468:
5464:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5435:
5433:
5429:
5426:
5422:
5412:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5380:
5378:
5374:
5367:
5363:
5360:
5357:
5353:
5349:
5345:
5342:
5339:
5335:
5332:
5329:
5325:
5322:
5319:
5315:
5312:
5311:
5309:
5307:
5303:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5283:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5272:
5269:
5265:
5261:
5258:
5257:digital audio
5254:
5247:
5242:
5240:
5235:
5233:
5228:
5227:
5224:
5215:
5211:
5210:
5204:
5199:
5195:
5191:
5186:
5173:
5169:
5165:
5161:
5149:
5145:
5141:
5137:
5132:
5128:
5123:
5119:
5115:
5111:
5107:
5103:
5099:
5098:
5078:
5074:
5067:
5051:
5047:
5040:
5021:
5017:
5010:
5004:
4988:
4984:
4980:
4974:
4958:
4954:
4948:
4932:
4928:
4924:
4918:
4910:
4905:|author=
4898:
4882:
4878:
4874:
4867:
4859:
4855:
4848:
4832:
4828:
4824:
4820:
4814:
4798:
4794:
4790:
4784:
4768:
4764:
4760:
4756:
4750:
4734:
4730:
4726:
4720:
4704:
4700:
4697:
4693:
4689:
4683:
4667:
4663:
4659:
4652:
4644:
4638:
4622:
4618:
4611:
4592:
4586:
4571:. 9 July 2007
4570:
4566:
4560:
4544:
4540:
4536:
4530:
4522:
4521:
4516:
4510:
4494:
4490:
4486:
4480:
4464:
4460:
4453:
4437:
4433:
4429:
4422:
4406:
4402:
4399:Savage, Bob.
4395:
4379:
4375:
4369:
4352:
4348:
4344:
4338:
4327:
4320:
4309:
4303:
4288:
4284:
4278:
4262:
4258:
4252:
4245:
4241:
4228:on 1 May 2008
4227:
4223:
4216:
4214:
4212:
4203:
4197:
4189:
4185:
4178:
4159:
4155:
4148:
4142:
4126:
4122:
4118:
4112:
4096:
4092:
4088:
4082:
4063:
4056:
4055:
4047:
4031:
4027:
4023:
4013:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3983:
3967:
3960:
3954:
3938:
3931:
3925:
3917:
3912:|author=
3905:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3874:
3866:
3861:|author=
3854:
3838:
3834:
3830:
3823:
3807:
3803:
3799:
3793:
3785:
3781:
3775:
3767:
3760:
3754:
3752:
3735:
3731:
3724:
3708:
3704:
3698:
3682:
3678:
3671:
3665:
3657:
3653:
3647:
3639:
3624:
3618:
3602:
3598:
3592:
3584:
3578:
3562:
3556:
3548:
3544:
3542:
3538:
3533:
3532:
3524:
3508:
3504:
3500:
3493:
3477:
3470:
3464:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3434:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3404:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3374:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3348:
3342:
3334:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3315:
3307:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3277:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3254:
3248:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3226:
3218:
3214:
3213:DTS (dts.com)
3210:
3204:
3188:
3181:
3175:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3144:
3129:
3122:
3115:
3113:
3104:
3100:
3094:
3086:
3082:
3076:
3072:
3059:
3055:
3049:
3040:
3033:
3029:
3028:Dallas, Texas
3025:
3019:
3012:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2986:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2958:transmitter's
2955:
2949:
2942:
2938:
2932:
2930:
2922:
2918:
2913:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2884:
2861:
2860:
2859:
2858:
2857:
2856:
2855:
2854:
2853:
2852:
2851:
2850:
2849:
2848:
2847:
2846:
2842:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2818:
2815:
2807:
2803:
2802:
2787:
2781:
2771:
2764:
2758:
2754:
2746:
2744:
2743:mobile phones
2740:
2732:
2729:
2726:
2721:
2717:released the
2716:
2713:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2687:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2669:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2627:
2623:
2618:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2570:
2567:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2432:
2429:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2349:
2344:
2330:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2311:radio antenna
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2291:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2208:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2193:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2103:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2076:
2074:
2070:
2067:on 96.5
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1960:service from
1959:
1955:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1939:New York City
1936:
1932:
1930:
1927:on 89.3
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1853:on 91.1
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1777:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1758:superstations
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1707:New York City
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1647:
1643:
1638:
1634:
1624:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1598:
1595:Conventional
1587:
1577:
1571:
1568:This section
1566:
1557:
1556:
1548:
1546:
1545:dollar stores
1542:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1514:media markets
1504:
1502:
1497:
1493:
1483:
1481:
1475:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1452:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1430:
1427:
1423:
1422:
1421:
1418:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1396:
1392:
1387:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1351:
1346:
1343:
1339:
1334:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1298:
1296:
1290:
1286:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1273:
1269:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1223:
1221:
1220:
1215:
1214:
1209:
1208:
1203:
1199:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1166:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1088:HD versus DRM
1085:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
992:HD versus DAB
984:
982:
978:
977:grandfathered
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
945:
943:
940:
936:
933:
929:
925:
920:
918:
914:
910:
906:
903:
899:
896:
890:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
847:
845:
842:for in-house
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
780:
776:
774:
770:
766:
756:
754:
743:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
712:
708:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
685:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
646:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
612:
608:
587:
579:
571:
547:
545:
541:
533:
532:
531:
529:
525:
521:
517:
510:
506:
502:
499:
496:
492:
488:
485:
484:
483:
480:
478:
474:
465:
464:
461:of bandwidth.
460:
456:
452:
449:
445:
444:
440:
437:
433:
429:
425:
424:
423:
421:
411:
409:
408:forest canopy
404:
399:
395:
390:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
355:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
328:
319:
317:
313:
309:
304:
302:
298:
294:
288:
286:
281:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
237:
235:
231:
226:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
191:
189:
185:
177:
173:
169:
165:
162:
159:
155:
152:
149:
145:
142:
139:
136:
135:
134:
131:
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3084:
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1793:sports radio
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1660:simulcasting
1656:music genres
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1604:class C
1600:transmitters
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1357:trade secret
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5029:12 February
4662:Current.org
4499:17 December
4167:26 February
4131:31 December
4101:31 December
4071:31 December
4002:31 December
3972:15 February
3943:15 February
3707:Radio World
3567:31 December
3513:31 December
3453:31 December
3423:31 December
3393:31 December
3164:31 December
3133:31 December
3007:iHeartMedia
2923:technology.
2901:FM stations
2693:house brand
2683:multi-touch
2569:Radio Shack
2562:Radiosophy
2510:DaySequerra
2327:FM stations
2280:Manti, Utah
2225:rebroadcast
2211:Translators
2150:Los Angeles
2144:to program
2088:Raleigh, NC
1913:Los Angeles
1895:Twin Cities
1875:Twin Cities
1847:Twin Cities
1740:102.5
1732:(1120
1722:AM stations
1691:smooth jazz
1676:Kansas City
1652:iHeartRadio
1627:Programming
1518:iHeartRadio
1445:smartphones
1398:87.75
1171:and HD AM:
1101:medium wave
1079:medium wave
1071:VHF band II
1061:bandwidth.
924:FM channels
662:multiplexed
656:-compliant
609:test using
398:white noise
394:AM receiver
354:in Boston.
297:Datacasting
280:algorithm.
246:transmitted
203:FM channels
193:A 400
148:AM stations
72:adjacent to
5810:Categories
5590:DirectBand
5576:Subcarrier
5278:modulation
5102:"HD Radio"
4837:29 January
4819:"HD Radio"
4755:"HD Radio"
4600:29 October
4575:29 October
4036:7 November
3734:fybush.com
3687:27 October
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3270:‑R BS.412.
3068:References
2995:consortium
2921:encryption
2558:Polk Audio
2488:Volkswagen
2315:narrowband
2237:rulemaking
2205:AM station
2172:97.5
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2026:affiliate
1885:‑HD2; and
1644:(and some
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1584:March 2023
1516:– such as
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1154:groundwave
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871:subcarrier
838:, or as a
759:EAS alerts
705:station ID
188:DAB system
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5653:AM stereo
5512:Sirius XM
5505:providers
5424:Satellite
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4672:3 January
4637:cite news
4627:3 January
4469:3 January
4442:3 January
4432:Orbitcast
4384:3 January
4357:12 August
4347:USDRM.com
4267:3 January
4232:3 January
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3713:22 August
3601:wiley.law
3286:theori.io
3154:MediaWeek
2917:NDS Group
2833:accounts:
2800:problems:
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2715:Microsoft
2639:Las Vegas
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2333:Receivers
2307:amplifier
2303:bandwidth
2295:bent pipe
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2065:San Diego
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2020:Milwaukee
1958:classical
1943:WNYC (AM)
1919:‑HD1 and
1801:Baltimore
1781:CBS Radio
1754:CBS Radio
1612:efficient
1576:talk page
1449:computers
1315:Sri Lanka
1251:shortwave
1235:licensing
1097:shortwave
1027:uses the
1006:megahertz
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792:FM stereo
765:Bluetooth
724:auxiliary
676:to their
652:found in
605:HD Radio
493:from the
367:bandwidth
316:AM, below
268:standard
240:Technique
176:shortwave
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5600:RDS/RBDS
5403:HD Radio
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5388:DAB/DAB+
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5050:Archived
4993:14 April
4963:28 April
4957:Archived
4937:14 April
4931:Archived
4897:cite web
4887:14 April
4873:"Subaru"
4823:wnyc.org
4803:14 April
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4793:scpr.org
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4767:Archived
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4463:Archived
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3417:Archived
3296:14 April
3290:Archived
3060:in 2011.
2941:feedline
2739:iBiquity
2709:Best Buy
2701:mini USB
2689:Best Buy
2679:software
2643:iBiquity
2612:Portable
2548:McIntosh
2526:Insignia
2399:Insignia
2323:required
2319:Baseband
1974:WQXR‑HD2
1964:called "
1859:BBC News
1843:MPR News
1821:New York
1637:iBiquity
1468:iBiquity
1404:ATSC 3.0
1354:iBiquity
1319:Thailand
1055:monaural
895:baseband
816:monaural
796:spectrum
753:iBiquity
718:, as on
716:diplexer
645:signal.
489:has had
477:fallback
301:metadata
285:iBiquity
252:with an
112:iBiquity
102:iBiquity
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5578:signals
5546:AMR-WB+
5398:FMeXtra
5116:. U.S.
5056:12 July
4244:English
3677:fcc.gov
3260:itu.int
3032:KRLD-FM
2937:antenna
2791:SUMMARY
2720:Zune HD
2649:Samsung
2622:KPBS-FM
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2453:Hyundai
2431:Visteon
2418:Pioneer
2413:Kenwood
2372:Clarion
2284:KUER-FM
2197:WWFD‑AM
2146:WMXD-FM
2119:WMXD-FM
2100:WKNC-FM
2084:WKNC-FM
2080:WBJB-FM
2057:KYXY‑FM
2043:WITI‑TV
2032:WITI‑TV
2028:WITI‑TV
2016:WMIL-FM
2006:WQXR-FM
2002:WQXR-FM
1998:WNYC-FM
1986:WQXR-FM
1978:WXNY-FM
1962:WQXR-FM
1947:WNYC-FM
1925:KCMP-FM
1893:in the
1887:KCMP-FM
1867:KSJN-FM
1839:KNOW-FM
1825:KKLQ‑FM
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1809:WTEL‑AM
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1703:WFAN-FM
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1683:KCSP‑AM
1672:KMBZ-FM
1480:filters
1331:Romania
1231:patents
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1158:skywave
1156:versus
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942:contour
902:carrier
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439:contour
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369:-tight
312:AM band
276:(MDCT)
156:(DAB),
138:FMeXtra
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44:(IBOC)
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5667:C-QUAM
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5253:Analog
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4411:3 July
3812:3 July
3607:29 May
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2805:music.
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2652:SiPort
2605:Yamaha
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1865:‑HD3;
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1719:sister
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1437:kbit/s
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1059:Mbit/s
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1018:kbit/s
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828:paging
820:stereo
682:kbit/s
670:hot AC
666:top 40
660:using
643:kbit/s
631:kbit/s
623:kbit/s
455:kbit/s
428:kbit/s
403:"hiss"
387:kbit/s
379:kbit/s
293:kbit/s
270:HE-AAC
266:MPEG-4
248:using
178:radio.
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158:a.k.a.
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5488:S-DMB
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5296:COFDM
5275:Radio
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5585:AMSS
5566:DRA+
5447:band
5356:high
5255:and
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5156:2017
5085:2009
5058:2009
5031:2011
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4965:2009
4939:2018
4909:help
4889:2018
4839:2010
4805:2018
4775:2018
4741:2018
4711:2021
4696:U.S.
4674:2009
4643:link
4629:2009
4602:2007
4577:2007
4551:2011
4501:2014
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4444:2009
4413:2016
4386:2009
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4294:2018
4269:2009
4234:2009
4202:link
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4103:2008
4073:2008
4038:2009
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3974:2022
3945:2022
3916:help
3896:2018
3865:help
3845:2018
3814:2016
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3715:2023
3689:2020
3634:2021
3609:2021
3583:link
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3455:2008
3425:2008
3395:2008
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3166:2008
3135:2008
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1426:free
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613:HD‑1
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528:WWFD
516:WWFD
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436:mV/m
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1121:DAB
1109:MHz
1105:kHz
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1044:AAC
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875:kHz
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855:kHz
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