1955:
609:
661:
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95:
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33:
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102:
444:, who visited Cyprus between 1760 and 1767, wrote that the shrine was built by the Cyprus governor he names as Ali Agha. According to Mariti, until 1760 they used the stones of a standing church in a ruined village nearby as construction materials. In another source, it is mentioned that the construction of the mosque was initiated by the Cyprus governor
331:, a large Late Bronze Age town a few hundred metres to the West. Originally identified as an archaeological site following looting in the 1890s, numerous tombs of Late Bronze Age date (around 1650-1100 BC) with rich contents were excavated by the British Museum in 1897–1898 directed by Henry Beauchamp Walters and then
335:; the finds were divided between the British Museum and the Cyprus Museum. The contemporary settlement was identified by Swedish archaeologist Arne Furumark in 1947 and some preliminary excavations conducted by the Department of Antiquities. A part of this town was excavated from the 1970s onward by a
424:
called Sheikh Hasan, who also built the first structure here. Dervish Hasan managed to convince the administrative and religious authorities of the site's sacred nature and with the permission he received, he built the shrine around the tomb in 1760 and had it decorated. The wooden fences around the
585:
in Cyprus and the
Cypriot administration's Department of Antiquities. Others describe the site as fourth most important in the Islamic world, after Mecca, Medina, and Jerusalem. As a result of the site being located in the Greek non-Muslim sector of the divided island, pilgrimage visits to the site
1518:
In Cyprus is another highly venerated
Islamic site - the third most important after Mecca and Medina - the Hala Sultan Tekke. This, too, has a black rock, said to have fallen as a meteorite as part of the tritholon over the shrine. The shrine is to a woman - the aunt and foster mother of Prophet
361:
Radar surveys (2010–2012) have demonstrated that the city was one of the largest in the Late Bronze Age (roughly 1600–1100 BC), maybe as large as 50 ha. Another archaeological investigation conducted by the
Department of Antiquities under the women's quarter of Hala Sultan Tekke have revealed
553:. The information on the construction is recorded on the marble inscription located on the fountain. On another inscription dated 1895, which was recently discovered in the Tekke's garden, it is written that the infrastructure for bringing in the water was built upon the instructions of the
1423:
At the end of 1965, the
National Guard had taken over the shrine of Hala Sultan Tekke, a place of small strategic importance. From May 1966 they prevented all Moslem access to it, so that Mehmet Dana, Mufti of Cyprus, could exploit the misuse of one of the holiest places in the world of
451:
The ancillary buildings have been repaired in 2004, and the mosque and the minaret are currently being restored. Both of these initiatives have been carried out with support from the Bi-communal
Development Programme, which is funded from USAID and UNDP, and implemented through UNOPS.
1630:
Islam's third sacred holy site after the Ka'ba and the
Prophet Mohammad's grave in Mecca, and among the greatest cultural heritage monuments of the world, Hala Sultan Tekke, or Umm Haram, has long been the destination of Muslim pilgrims from Cyprus and the Middle
787:Åström, Paul, Bailey, Donald M. and Karageorghis, Vassos 1976. Hala Sultan Tekke 1. Excavations 1897-1971. Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology 45: 1. Göteborg: P. Åström; 'Hala Sultan Tekke' in Ancient Cyprus in the British Museum (see external link)
1572:, "The Mosque of Umm Haram is the chief Muslim shrine on the island of Cyprus and an important holy site for the entire Muslim world... The Hala Sultan Tekke is the third most revered site of pilgrimage in the Muslim world." Retrieved: 23-02-2009
1655:
The Muslim mosque of Hala Sultan is located in the center of a spectacular garden at the west bank of the Salt Lake, about 6 km southwest of
Larnaca. It is the main Muslim pilgrimage site of Cyprus and the third most important holy place of
568:
While being acknowledged as a holy site for
Turkish Cypriot Muslims, the mosque has also been described by contemporary sources as revered by all Muslims. In an assessment of the environmental and cultural assets of
374:
periods (sixth to first century BC). Several finds indicate that the site might have been used as a sanctuary but the limited scale of the investigations precludes definite conclusions about its use.
346:
The most recent excavations at Hala Sultan Tekke, The New
Swedish Cyprus Expedition have been carried out by Professor Peter M. Fischer from the University of Gothenburg, Sweden (2010-2012- ...); see
550:
405:
periods. According to these accounts, Umm Haram, being of very old age, had fallen from her mule and had died during a siege of
Larnaca. She was later buried where she died. According to
1585:
488:). To the north (left) of the entrance there used to be a guesthouse for men. On the right side of the entrance, there was another guesthouse of which one block was reserved for men (
1477:
Three historic churches and monasteries are within the city. Just outside the city is the location of the Hala Sultan Tekke Mosque, the third holiest place for Muslims in the world.
1814:
546:. At the eastern corner of the mosque and the Tekke, there is a cemetery, which was closed to burials at around 1899. A number of past Turkish administrators are buried here.
2109:
1828:
1170:
1348:
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324:
During the second half of the second millennium B.C, the area of the Hala Sultan Tekke was used as a cemetery by the people who lived in an archaeological site known as
426:
476:
appears on both sides of the inscription and reads, "Hala Sultan Tekke was built by God's beloved great Ottoman Cyprus governor". The garden itself was designed by a
1558:
519:). A further inscription dated 1760 is found here. Aside her, there are four other tombs, two of them former sheikhs. Another important tomb is a two-leveled marble
1745:) near Larnaka was one of the holy places which every Muslim was expected to visit as a pilgrim, ranking only fourth in importance after Mecca, Medina and Jerusalem
1681:
1457:
1596:, Volume 26, Number 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, (October 2008) pp. 251-281. "Der Parthog calls it the "third most holy space in Islam" (1995:222–223)"
354:. In 2018, Fischer uncovered several tombs at the site that are being explored carefully. The tombs date to 1500 and 1350 BC and contained artifacts of the
2068:
1707:
Not just the holiest Muslim shrine in Cyprus, Hala Sultan Tekke is one of the holiest shrines in the Islamic world, after Mecca, Medina, and Jerusalem.
805:
Results published as: Åström, P. et al. 1976-2007, Hala Sultan Tekke 1-12. Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology 45: 1-12. Göteborg, &c: P. Åström.
608:
589:
In addition to interventions at the imperial level and by high-ranking administrators for the maintenance and development of the complex, during the
441:
1606:
1444:
As such, it is one of the holiest sites in Islam and the most important religious location for Turkish Cypriots and other Muslims living in Cyprus.
620:
1389:
Press Office, July 5, 2002. "Hala Sultan Tekke, one of the holiest sites in Islam, is the most important religious location for Cypriot Muslims."
434:
2007:
1263:
1824:
581:, described Hala Sultan Tekke as the third holiest place for Muslims in the world. This view has been echoed by other sources including the
660:
1865:
1819:
125:
1582:
1288:
48:
1810:
Excavations reveal copper deposits that made Cyprus one of the most important Late Bronze Age trade hubs - Phys.org - March 16, 2023
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796:
Arne Furumark 1950, 'The settlement at Ialysos and Aegean history', Opuscula Archaeologica VI, 150-271, see pp. 267-268 and note 1.
420:
administration of Cyprus, a mosque complex was built in stages around the tomb. The tomb was discovered in the 18th century by the
2104:
1954:
496:). It was a custom for visitors to take the oath of dedication to serve the Hala Sultan Tekke if their wishes were realized. The
295:, and living quarters for men and women. The term tekke (lodge) applies to a building designed specifically for gatherings of a
2028:
1783:
1352:
1614:
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752:
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593:, Ottoman-flagged ships would hang their flags at half mast when off the shores of Larnaca, and salute Hala Sultan with
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Opposite the mosque, there is an octagonal fountain, which was built around 1796-1797 by the then governor of Cyprus
94:
2048:
648:
528:
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and came to be known as "Pasha garden". The complex of buildings adjacent to the Tekke was known as "Gülşen-Feyz" (
1858:
303:, and may have referred to an earlier feature of the location. The present-day complex lies on the shores of the
2038:
1809:
1671:, Spohr Publishers, "The Hala Sultan Tekke is fourth in importance to the Muslim world". Retrieved: 23-02-2009
1993:
700:
118:
1691:. Public Information Office of the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus. June 2003. Archived from
1618:
1364:
Hala Sultan Tekke, near Larnaka, is a holy site in Islam and the most important one for Cypriot Muslims.
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1969:
1911:
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Syneleusis, Hellēnikē Koinotikē; Hypourgeio Paideias; Grapheion Dēmosiōn Plērophoriōn (1963).
339:
archaeological mission led by Professor Paul Åström, and proved to be a major urban centre of
1936:
1668:
1567:
1435:
1376:
Financed Restoration of Church and Mosque on Cyprus Supports Cultural Heritage and Tolerance
1171:
Egyptian Jewelry, Mesopotamian Seal Found in Cyprus Offer Clues to Bronze Age Trade Networks
1926:
1646:. Republic of Cyprus, Ministry of Communications and Works; Department of Antiquities. 2005
332:
177:
1408:
468:
Above the entry gate to Tekke garden is an Ottoman inscription dated 4 March 1813. Sultan
8:
1375:
367:
262:
172:
1948:
1248:
1336:
The tomb is said to be revered by Turkish Cypriots as the 'third holiest site in Islam'
1145:
1186:"The Occupational History of the Bronze Age Harbour City of Hala Sultan Tekke, Cyprus"
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523:, carrying the date 12 July 1929. The tomb belongs to Adile Hüseyin Ali, who was the
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63:
1583:
Hala Sultan Tekke, Cyprus: An Elusive Landscape of Sacredness in a Liminal Context
1249:
Travels Through Cyprus, Syria, and Palestine; with a General History of the Levant
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1682:"The Cultural Heritage of Cyprus: Part XIII. The Shrine of Hala Sultan Tekke"
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350:. The results of the excavations have been published annually in the journal
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tomb would have been built by the 19th-century Ottoman governor in Cyprus,
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1985:
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Most accounts establish a connection between the site and the death of
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729:
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1530:
1313:
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Translated from the Italian Printed for P. Byrne, Item notes: v. 1
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that demonstrate the extensive trade of goods existing at the time.
1349:"Study of building stones and mortar from Hala Sultan Tekke mosque"
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in classical Ottoman style, and it was completed in November 1817.
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2017:
1351:. Hellenic Society for Archaeometry. May 16, 2003. Archived from
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Women companions of Prophet Umm Haram: Traveling by sea for jihad
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Editorial Committee of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome
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Editorial Committee of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome
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Editorial Committee of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome
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Editorial Committee of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome
996:
Editorial Committee of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome
962:
Editorial Committee of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome
928:
Editorial Committee of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome
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Editorial Committee of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome
857:
Editorial Committee of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome
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Editorial Committee of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome
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82:
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Guide on Hala Sultan Tekke by famous explorer Hussain in 2020
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between 647 and 649, which were later pursued throughout the
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Opuscula. Annual of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome
261:, known as Hala Sultan in Turkish tradition, was the wife of
242:
53:
497:
406:
296:
189:
614:
Hala Sultan Tekke with Larnaca Salt Lake in the foreground
511:
Umm Haram's tomb is located behind the mosque wall of the
1531:
Daniel, Geoff; John Oldfield; Christine Oldfield (2004).
1756:
1784:"Restored Mosque Brings Hope for Cyprus Ethnic Divide"
1489:
Drayton, Penny (January 1993). "Aphrodite's island".
1302:
Boyle, Kevin; Juliet Sheen (October 1997). "Cyprus".
2110:
Religious buildings and structures completed in 1817
1400:
753:"Umm Haram Bint-i Mihan's Shrine, Larnaca, Cyprus"
666:Hala Sultan Tekke behind a small courtyard in 1958
311:. Hala Sultan Tekke is a listed Ancient Monument.
1442:. Public Information Office, Cyprus. p. 16.
1301:
2081:
1820:Rehabilitation of the Hala Sultan Tekke Complex
1503:"The Black Stone - the Omphalos of the Goddess"
1305:Freedom of religion and belief: a world report
2001:
1859:
1781:
1718:
283:Hala Sultan Tekke complex is composed of a
2008:
1994:
1873:
1866:
1852:
1782:Charalambous, Charlie (20 December 2005).
1725:. Cambridge University Press. p. 62.
1607:"Hala Sultan Tekke: Where East Meets West"
504:and was built in yellow stone blocks. The
276:, and foster sister of Muhammad's mother,
31:
25:Τεκές Χαλά Σουλτάνας / Hala Sultan Tekkesi
1139:
1105:
1071:
1037:
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969:
935:
901:
864:
830:
101:
2015:
1835:Documentary: Akdeniz'in Nuru Hala Sultan
1500:
1128:"The New Swedish Cyprus Expedition 2019"
1094:"The New Swedish Cyprus Expedition 2018"
1060:"The New Swedish Cyprus Expedition 2017"
1026:"The New Swedish Cyprus Expedition 2016"
992:"The New Swedish Cyprus Expedition 2015"
958:"The New Swedish Cyprus Expedition 2014"
924:"The New Swedish Cyprus Expedition 2013"
890:"The New Swedish Cyprus Expedition 2012"
853:"The New Swedish Cyprus Expedition 2011"
819:"The New Swedish Cyprus Expedition 2010"
459:
1757:Worpole, Ken; Larraine Worpole (2003).
1488:
1398:
1183:
2082:
2029:Larnaca District Archaeological Museum
1737:It is also worth remembering that the
1667:Khatchatourian, Khadijah Tara. (2006)
1287:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
573:, Professor George E. Bowen, a senior
1989:
1847:
1455:
884:
882:
813:
811:
1815:Ancient Cyprus in the British Museum
1615:United Nations Development Programme
770:
583:United Nations Development Programme
535:, himself a grandson of the Ottoman
1570:: Center for Middle Eastern Studies
429:, which were replaced by fences in
413:cemetery in Madinah, Saudi Arabia.
362:building remains dated to the late
13:
1456:Bowen, George E. (April 3, 2001).
879:
808:
777:New Swedish Cyprus Expedition 2010
630:(in winter) with Hala Sultan Tekke
14:
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1953:
1947:
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659:
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619:
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551:Silahtar Kaptanbaşı Mustafa Agha
529:Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca
249:in Turkish) on the west bank of
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93:
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1594:Journal of Modern Greek Studies
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1524:
1501:Trubshaw, Bob (February 1993).
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1174:, Smithsonian, December 6, 2021
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500:mosque is square-shaped with a
433:and two doors by his successor
2105:Ottoman architecture in Cyprus
2039:Catacomb of Phaneromeni Church
1761:. Reaktion Books. p. 42.
1644:"Monuments: Hala Sultan Tekke"
1556:The Story of Hala Sultan Tekke
1458:"Assessing the Isle of Cyprus"
1399:Purcell, Hugh Dominic (1969).
799:
790:
781:
745:
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723:
705:
694:
409:belief, her grave lies within
377:
1:
1617:. Spring 2006. Archived from
688:
1719:Galatariotou, Catia (2004).
1460:. Patrick S. O'Brien on the
654:Inside the Hala Sultan Tekke
482:the rose garden of plenitude
464:Courtyard with ablution area
319:
7:
1829:Cyprus Tourism Organization
1246:Mariti, Giovanni (1792):
671:
492:) and the other for women (
10:
2126:
1741:of Um-Harram (Hala Sultan
1184:Fischer, Peter M. (2020).
600:
314:
2024:
1970:List of mosques in Cyprus
1962:
1945:
1912:Lala Mustafa Pasha Mosque
1884:
1535:. Sunflower. p. 36.
717:Department of Antiquities
678:List of mosques in Cyprus
455:
446:Seyyid Mehmed Emin Efendi
348:www.fischerarchaeology.se
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1825:MP3 and PDF audio guides
540:Koca Mustafa Reşid Pasha
427:Seyyid Elhac Mehmed Agha
212:Tekke in Larnaca, Cyprus
2049:Church of Saint Lazarus
1581:Papalexandrou, Nassos.
1462:University of Tennessee
1141:10.30549/opathrom-13-03
1107:10.30549/opathrom-12-10
1073:10.30549/opathrom-11-03
1039:10.30549/opathrom-10-03
1005:10.30549/opathrom-09-03
971:10.30549/opathrom-08-03
937:10.30549/opathrom-07-04
903:10.30549/opathrom-06-04
866:10.30549/opathrom-05-04
832:10.30549/opathrom-04-04
579:University of Tennessee
388:Arab conquest of Cyprus
307:, an important site in
141:34.885277°N 33.610013°E
1464:server. Archived from
642:The Hala Sultan Tekke.
508:was repaired in 1959.
465:
234:
119:Geographic coordinates
1722:The Making of a Saint
1568:University of Arizona
741:Umm Haram bint Milhan
515:(in the direction of
463:
227:Tekés Chalá Soultánas
1689:The Blue Beret. pg.5
1533:Landscapes of Cyprus
1316:. pp. 286–293.
1202:10.1553/AEundL29s189
626:Aerial photo of the
542:and a descendant of
440:In another account,
333:John Winter Crowfoot
224:Τεκές Χαλά Σουλτάνας
146:34.885277; 33.610013
1407:. Praeger. p.
1190:Ägypten und Levante
713:"Hala Sultan Tekke"
235:Hala Sultan Tekkesi
137: /
109:Shown within Cyprus
2069:Foinikoudes Avenue
1588:2016-03-03 at the
1561:2009-03-05 at the
1381:2009-02-13 at the
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263:Ubada bin al-Samit
2090:Mosques in Cyprus
2077:
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2064:Larnaca Salt Lake
2059:Hala Sultan Tekke
1983:
1982:
1907:Hala Sultan Tekke
1897:Arab Ahmet Mosque
1879:Mosques in Cyprus
1669:Hala Sultan Tekke
1507:Mercian Mysteries
1468:on April 27, 2006
628:Larnaca Salt Lake
575:Fulbright scholar
386:during the first
305:Larnaca Salt Lake
251:Larnaca Salt Lake
216:Hala Sultan Tekke
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37:Hala Sultan Tekke
19:Hala Sultan Tekke
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2054:Kamares Aqueduct
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755:. Archived from
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586:are infrequent.
299:brotherhood, or
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64:Larnaca District
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1975:Islam in Cyprus
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1932:Selimiye Mosque
1927:Sarayönü Mosque
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1791:. Retrieved
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1693:the original
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1619:the original
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1466:the original
1451:
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1439:Cyprus Today
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1357:. Retrieved
1353:the original
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1268:the original
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1231:. Retrieved
1228:al-islam.org
1227:
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1131:
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761:. Retrieved
757:the original
747:
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564:Significance
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537:grand vizier
527:wife of the
510:
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157:Architecture
1196:: 189–230.
521:sarcophagus
416:During the
378:Ottoman era
372:Hellenistic
326:Dromolaxia
144: /
49:Affiliation
2084:Categories
1839:Diyanet TV
1793:2007-09-13
1702:2006-03-06
1650:2006-03-06
1625:2006-11-12
1513:2006-11-12
1499:Cited by:
1472:2006-11-12
1359:2007-06-19
1274:2011-09-19
1233:2009-05-27
1155:2021-01-19
1113:2021-01-19
1079:2021-01-19
1045:2021-01-19
1011:2021-01-19
977:2021-01-19
943:2021-01-19
909:2021-01-19
872:2021-01-19
838:2021-01-19
763:2020-10-30
689:References
390:under the
356:Bronze Age
309:prehistory
257:, Cyprus.
132:33°36′36″E
129:34°53′07″N
1788:Arab News
1314:Routledge
1210:1015-5104
1150:228817612
470:Mahmud II
384:Umm Haram
368:Classical
320:Antiquity
289:mausoleum
267:companion
259:Umm Haram
1586:Archived
1559:Archived
1519:Mohammed
1379:Archived
1332:97224015
1283:cite web
672:See also
544:Muhammad
494:Haremlik
490:Selamlik
474:monogram
401:and the
395:Muawiyah
328:Vizatzia
293:cemetery
274:Muhammad
75:Location
70:Location
60:District
43:Religion
2100:Ziyarat
2018:Larnaca
1827:by the
1611:Issue 1
601:Gallery
597:shots.
577:at the
531:of the
525:Turkish
506:minaret
502:balcony
422:dervish
418:Ottoman
403:Abbasid
399:Umayyad
364:Archaic
343:Cyprus
337:Swedish
315:History
269:of the
255:Larnaca
237:) is a
231:Turkish
201:Minaret
178:Ottoman
79:Larnaca
2034:Kition
1885:Mosque
1765:
1729:
1656:Islam.
1539:
1424:Islam.
1415:
1403:Cyprus
1330:
1320:
1310:London
1208:
1148:
595:cannon
571:Cyprus
555:Sultan
484:or of
456:Layout
431:bronze
392:Caliph
370:, and
301:tariqa
285:mosque
239:mosque
166:Mosque
83:Cyprus
1963:Other
1837:from
1743:tekke
1739:tekke
1696:(PDF)
1685:(PDF)
1631:East.
1497:(41).
1387:USAID
1146:S2CID
517:Mecca
513:qibla
498:domed
478:pasha
278:Amina
253:, in
247:tekke
243:takya
220:Greek
173:Style
54:Islam
1763:ISBN
1727:ISBN
1537:ISBN
1509:(14)
1413:ISBN
1328:LCCN
1318:ISBN
1289:link
1206:ISSN
407:Shia
297:Sufi
265:, a
245:(or
241:and
190:Dome
162:Type
1409:367
1198:doi
1136:doi
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