29:
1706:
361:
374:
1604:
752:
119:
The French experts ultimately had to leave in 1788 with the start of the hostilities. Some returned to
Constantinople, but eventually all instructors had to leave with the end of the Franco-Ottoman alliance in 1798.
1739:
1364:
328:
28:
1322:
530:
404:
1658:
745:
1732:
1829:
1556:
1775:
1646:
738:
112:
was discovered, and a plot against the current ruler was alleged. Halil Hamid Pasha was beheaded, and the war party rose to power, leading the
Ottoman Empire to war with Russia in the
1436:
1376:
1640:
1315:
1725:
523:
358:
1859:
1694:
1670:
1478:
303:
1682:
1520:
1448:
397:
1598:
1308:
86:
1484:
516:
1580:
2439:
1628:
1592:
1472:
1454:
350:
1817:
1610:
390:
1622:
1490:
2449:
1652:
1883:
1811:
1877:
1805:
1787:
1418:
320:
1865:
1705:
93:
established by Halil Hamid Pasha. Mostly French textbooks were used on mathematics, astronomy, engineering, weapons, war techniques and navigation.
2444:
1757:
626:
343:
360:
1154:
78:
in 1789, about 300 French artillery officers and engineers were active in the
Ottoman Empire to modernize and train artillery units.
2429:
1286:
458:
336:
620:
2117:
1250:
494:
482:
63:
origin. He was especially instrumental in inviting foreign experts, especially French ones, to the
Ottoman Empire from 1784.
770:
548:
96:
Halil Hamid Pasha had argued for a path towards modernization for the
Ottoman Empire, and a conciliatory stance against
1256:
310:
276:(in Turkish), Beşiktaş, Istanbul: Türkiye Kültür Bakanlığı and Türkiye Ekonomik ve Toplumsal Tarih Vakfı, p. 849,
128:
52:
2051:
2039:
1997:
108:, due to reactionary intrigues and the rise of the anti-French sentiment. Secret correspondence between Selim III and
281:
113:
1442:
1562:
1793:
944:
150:
124:
82:
488:
452:
1835:
1799:
1412:
1748:
1331:
1208:
1070:
938:
761:
539:
413:
364:
145:
2434:
1220:
896:
830:
20:
1202:
174:
464:
1925:
1586:
1568:
1538:
1394:
1196:
2219:
1532:
422:
1028:
1088:
860:
842:
824:
440:
1937:
1907:
1502:
1424:
1238:
1226:
926:
2087:
2057:
2033:
2009:
1979:
1190:
1172:
1136:
692:
2327:
1895:
1769:
1142:
1094:
812:
662:
434:
140:
986:
710:
1985:
1967:
1943:
1931:
1919:
1853:
1747:
1352:
1184:
974:
962:
668:
644:
614:
584:
566:
2309:
2297:
2027:
2015:
2003:
1973:
1961:
1949:
1544:
1508:
1466:
1232:
1160:
1034:
255:
221:
206:
188:
1823:
1526:
1268:
1112:
1100:
1010:
596:
2171:
2123:
1913:
1178:
1022:
1016:
1004:
238:
2424:
2419:
2339:
1841:
1616:
1550:
1400:
1382:
1262:
1148:
800:
470:
1388:
1274:
1052:
980:
908:
674:
8:
2315:
2177:
2153:
2141:
2105:
2081:
2045:
2021:
1991:
1955:
1244:
1082:
920:
914:
902:
890:
872:
854:
1574:
1430:
2393:
2381:
2363:
2303:
2279:
2135:
2093:
1901:
1889:
1871:
1664:
1634:
1514:
1340:
1280:
1214:
950:
656:
1406:
2387:
2369:
2357:
2321:
2285:
2273:
2267:
2255:
2249:
2237:
2231:
2225:
2213:
2201:
2195:
2165:
2159:
2075:
2069:
2063:
1496:
1460:
1370:
1358:
1130:
1118:
1064:
1058:
1046:
1040:
968:
878:
836:
806:
698:
686:
590:
277:
89:
instructed engineering drawings and techniques in the new
Turkish engineering school
75:
2375:
760:
2345:
2129:
2111:
1781:
1688:
1166:
1124:
998:
884:
866:
848:
818:
782:
608:
572:
538:
2189:
1106:
932:
794:
650:
638:
271:
1330:
788:
716:
1752:
1335:
765:
543:
417:
373:
368:
67:
56:
2333:
2291:
2261:
2243:
704:
2413:
1847:
992:
476:
101:
446:
2351:
2183:
2147:
2099:
1076:
71:
412:
2207:
956:
680:
632:
602:
578:
560:
109:
105:
217:
215:
213:
100:, but he was ultimately suspected of plotting for the succession of
210:
270:
Mehmet Süreyya (1996) , Nuri
Akbayar; Seyit A. Kahraman (eds.),
97:
60:
257:
A military history of the
Ottomans: from Osman to Atatürk
74:
in naval warfare and fortification building. Up to the
176:
Imperialism and science: social impact and interaction
16:
Grand Vizier of the
Ottoman Empire from 1782 to 1785
59:from 31 December 1782 to 30 April 1785. He was of
38:Tableau des nouveaux reglemens de l'Empire Ottoman
2440:18th-century Grand Viziers of the Ottoman Empire
2411:
269:
251:
249:
66:As a result, French missions were sent to the
2450:18th-century executions by the Ottoman Empire
1733:
1316:
1095:Civankapıcıbaşı Sultanzade Semiz Mehmed Pasha
746:
524:
398:
344:
170:
168:
166:
40:by Mahmoud Rayf Efendi, Constantinople, 1789.
1605:Yağlıkçızade Nişancı Hacı Mehmed Emin Pasha
246:
234:
232:
1740:
1726:
1323:
1309:
753:
739:
531:
517:
405:
391:
351:
337:
225:by Gábor Ágoston, Bruce Alan Masters p.395
203:Ottoman wars 1700-1870: an empire besieged
163:
242:by Gábor Ágoston, Bruce Alan Masters p.6
229:
27:
19:For other people named Halil Pasha, see
2445:Executed people from the Ottoman Empire
489:Osmancıklı Koca Mehmed Nizamüddin Pasha
2412:
1659:Silahdar Karavezir Seyyid Mehmed Pasha
263:
1758:Decline and Modernization (1789–1922)
1721:
1304:
734:
512:
386:
332:
1365:Sührablı Kavanoz Nişancı Ahmed Pasha
196:
1287:Köprülü Amcazade Hacı Hüseyin Pasha
459:Çandarlı Kara Halil Hayreddin Pasha
259:Mesut Uyar,Edward J. Erickson p.199
123:Halil Hamid Pasha's son-in-law was
32:The Imperial School of Engineering
13:
621:Çandarlı Ibrahim Pasha the Younger
311:Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire
240:Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire
223:Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire
14:
2461:
1647:Darendeli Cebecizade Mehmed Pasha
441:Mahmudoğlu Nizamüddin Ahmed Pasha
435:Hacıkemaleddinoğlu Alaeddin Pasha
315:31 December 1782 – 30 April 1785
1704:
1563:Yirmisekizzade Mehmed Said Pasha
1155:Bıyıklı Koca Derviş Mehmed Pasha
495:Çandarlı Halil Pasha the Younger
483:Çandarlı Ibrahim Pasha the Elder
372:
359:
2430:Burials at Karacaahmet Cemetery
1794:Safranbolulu Izzet Mehmet Pasha
1269:Bozoklu (Bıyıklı) Mustafa Pasha
1263:Merzifonlu Çalık Hacı Ali Pasha
471:Osmancıklı Imamzade Halil Pasha
151:Ottoman military reform efforts
125:Safranbolulu Izzet Mehmet Pasha
1443:Nevşehirli Damat Ibrahim Pasha
1245:Tekirdağlı Bekri Mustafa Pasha
182:
1:
1257:Bahadırzade Arabacı Ali Pasha
1215:Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha
939:Sokolluzade Lala Mehmed Pasha
146:List of Ottoman grand viziers
114:Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792)
1776:Çelebizade Şerif Hasan Pasha
1479:Silahdar Seyyid Mehmed Pasha
1221:Bayburtlu Kara Ibrahim Pasha
897:Cigalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha
453:Sinanüddin Fakih Yusuf Pasha
21:Halil Pasha (disambiguation)
7:
2118:Şirvanlı Mehmed Rüşdi Pasha
1449:Silahdar Damat Mehmet Pasha
1437:Tevkii Nişancı Mehmed Pasha
1377:Kalaylıkoz Hacı Ahmed Pasha
1251:Köprülü Fazıl Mustafa Pasha
205:by Virginia H. Aksan p.202
134:
10:
2466:
2220:Abdurrahman Nureddin Pasha
2052:Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha
2040:Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha
1998:Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha
1695:Kethüda Meyyit Hasan Pasha
1641:Moralı Derviş Mehmed Pasha
1599:Silahdar Hamza Mahir Pasha
1557:Silahdar Bıyıklı Ali Pasha
1533:Divitdar Mehmed Emin Pasha
1041:Filibeli Hafız Ahmed Pasha
945:Boşnak Derviş Mehmed Pasha
771:Transformation (1550–1700)
190:From Louis XIV to Napoleon
87:Joseph-Monnier de Courtois
83:André-Joseph Lafitte-Clavé
18:
1836:Kör Yusuf Ziyaüddin Pasha
1800:Kör Yusuf Ziyaüddin Pasha
1765:
1717:
1702:
1683:Hazinedar Şahin Ali Pasha
1521:Tiryaki Hacı Mehmed Pasha
1485:Muhsinzade Abdullah Pasha
1348:
1300:
1209:Köprülü Fazıl Ahmed Pasha
778:
730:
556:
549:Classical Age (1453–1550)
508:
430:
382:
317:
308:
300:
295:
1938:Topal Izzet Mehmed Pasha
1926:Koca Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha
1908:Topal Izzet Mehmed Pasha
1587:Köse Bahir Mustafa Pasha
1581:Tevkii Hamza Hamid Pasha
1569:Köse Bahir Mustafa Pasha
1539:Köse Bahir Mustafa Pasha
1425:Silahdar Damat Ali Pasha
1197:Boynuyaralı Mehmed Pasha
1071:Tabanıyassı Mehmed Pasha
1017:Gürcü Hadım Mehmed Pasha
156:
2328:Gazi Ahmed Muhtar Pasha
1896:Mehmed Said Galip Pasha
1770:Hassan Pasha of Algiers
1671:Yeğen Hacı Mehmed Pasha
1629:Muhsinzade Mehmed Pasha
1593:Muhsinzade Mehmed Pasha
1455:Kabakulak Ibrahim Pasha
1053:Gazi Ekrem Hüsrev Pasha
1029:Kemankeş Kara Ali Pasha
831:Özdemiroğlu Osman Pasha
813:Lala Kara Mustafa Pasha
663:Dukakinzade Ahmed Pasha
304:Yeğen Hacı Mehmed Pasha
178:by George Vlahakis p.92
141:Franco-Ottoman alliance
1986:Damat Mehmed Ali Pasha
1968:Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha
1944:Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha
1932:Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha
1920:Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha
1854:Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha
1419:Kel Hoca Ibrahim Pasha
1413:Nişancı Süleyman Pasha
1353:Daltaban Mustafa Pasha
1341:Old Regime (1700–1789)
1233:Abaza Siyavuş Pasha II
1185:Zurnazen Mustafa Pasha
1089:Kemankeş Mustafa Pasha
861:Kanijeli Siyavuş Pasha
843:Kanijeli Siyavuş Pasha
825:Kanijeli Siyavuş Pasha
669:Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha
645:Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha
615:Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha
477:Amasyalı Bayezid Pasha
465:Çandarlızade Ali Pasha
91:Mühendishâne-i Hümâyûn
41:
2088:Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha
2058:Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha
2034:Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha
2010:Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha
1980:Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha
1830:Çavuşbaşı Memiş Pasha
1824:Alemdar Mustafa Pasha
1623:Silahdar Mehmed Pasha
1527:Seyyid Abdullah Pasha
1191:Abaza Siyavuş Pasha I
1173:Ermeni Süleyman Pasha
1137:Abaza Siyavuş Pasha I
1113:Hezarpare Ahmed Pasha
1101:Nevesinli Salih Pasha
1011:Lefkeli Mustafa Pasha
693:Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha
597:Karamani Mehmed Pasha
31:
2340:Mahmud Shevket Pasha
1860:Dervish Mehmed Pasha
1842:Laz Aziz Ahmed Pasha
1818:Çelebi Mustafa Pasha
1653:Kalafat Mehmed Pasha
1617:Ivazzade Halil Pasha
1611:Moldovancı Ali Pasha
1551:Naili Abdullah Pasha
1401:Baltaji Mehmet Pasha
1383:Baltaji Mehmet Pasha
1203:Köprülü Mehmed Pasha
1167:Kara Dev Murad Pasha
1149:Tarhoncu Ahmed Pasha
987:Ohrili Hüseyin Pasha
801:Sokollu Mehmed Pasha
711:Hadım Suleiman Pasha
51:(1736–1785) was the
49:Khaleel Hameed Basha
2316:Ibrahim Hakki Pasha
2310:Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha
2298:Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha
2178:Mehmed Rushdi Pasha
2154:Ibrahim Edhem Pasha
2142:Mehmed Rushdi Pasha
2106:Mehmed Rushdi Pasha
2082:Mehmed Rushdi Pasha
2046:Mehmed Rushdi Pasha
2028:Mustafa Reşid Pasha
2022:Mustafa Naili Pasha
2016:Mustafa Reşid Pasha
2004:Mustafa Reşid Pasha
1992:Mustafa Naili Pasha
1974:Mustafa Reşid Pasha
1962:Mustafa Reşid Pasha
1956:Ibrahim Sarim Pasha
1950:Mustafa Reşid Pasha
1884:Deli Abdullah Pasha
1812:Ibrahim Hilmi Pasha
1545:Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha
1509:Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha
1503:Nişancı Ahmed Pasha
1467:Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha
1395:Köprülü Numan Pasha
1239:Ayaşlı Ismail Pasha
1227:Sarı Süleyman Pasha
1161:Ibşir Mustafa Pasha
1083:Tayyar Mehmed Pasha
1035:Çerkes Mehmed Pasha
927:Yemişçi Hasan Pasha
921:Damat Ibrahim Pasha
915:Cerrah Mehmed Pasha
903:Damat Ibrahim Pasha
891:Damat Ibrahim Pasha
873:Serdar Ferhad Pasha
855:Serdar Ferhad Pasha
131:from 1794 to 1798.
2394:Ahmet Tevfik Pasha
2382:Salih Hulusi Pasha
2364:Ahmet Tevfik Pasha
2352:Mehmed Talat Pasha
2304:Ahmet Tevfik Pasha
2280:Mehmed Ferid Pasha
2172:Mehmed Sadık Pasha
2136:Mahmud Nedim Pasha
2124:Hüseyin Avni Pasha
2094:Mahmud Nedim Pasha
1914:Reşid Mehmed Pasha
1902:Mehmed Selim Pasha
1890:Silahdar Ali Pasha
1872:Benderli Ali Pasha
1806:Hafiz Ismail Pasha
1788:Melek Mehmed Pasha
1665:Izzet Mehmed Pasha
1635:Izzet Mehmed Pasha
1515:Seyyid Hasan Pasha
1491:Yeğen Mehmed Pasha
1473:Gürcü Ismail Pasha
1281:Elmas Mehmed Pasha
1179:Gazi Hüseyin Pasha
1143:Gürcü Mehmed Pasha
1023:Mere Hüseyin Pasha
1005:Mere Hüseyin Pasha
951:Kuyucu Murad Pasha
657:Koca Mustafa Pasha
296:Political offices
192:Jeremy Black p.144
42:
2407:
2406:
2403:
2402:
2388:Damat Ferid Pasha
2370:Damat Ferid Pasha
2358:Ahmed Izzet Pasha
2322:Mehmed Said Pasha
2286:Mehmed Said Pasha
2274:Mehmed Said Pasha
2268:Halil Rifat Pasha
2256:Mehmed Said Pasha
2250:Ahmed Cevad Pasha
2238:Mehmed Said Pasha
2232:Ahmed Vefik Pasha
2226:Mehmed Said Pasha
2214:Mehmed Said Pasha
2202:Mehmed Said Pasha
2196:Ahmed Arifi Pasha
2166:Ahmed Vefik Pasha
2160:Ahmed Hamdi Pasha
2076:Mehmed Fuad Pasha
2070:Yusuf Kamil Pasha
2064:Mehmed Fuad Pasha
1713:
1712:
1677:Halil Hamid Pasha
1497:Ivaz Mehmed Pasha
1461:Topal Osman Pasha
1389:Çorlulu Ali Pasha
1371:Damat Hasan Pasha
1359:Rami Mehmed Pasha
1296:
1295:
1275:Sürmeli Ali Pasha
1131:Melek Ahmed Pasha
1119:Sofu Mehmed Pasha
1065:Topal Recep Pasha
1059:Hafiz Ahmed Pasha
1047:Damat Halil Pasha
981:Güzelce Ali Pasha
975:Öküz Mehmed Pasha
969:Damat Halil Pasha
963:Öküz Mehmed Pasha
909:Hadım Hasan Pasha
879:Lala Mehmed Pasha
837:Hadim Mesih Pasha
807:Semiz Ahmed Pasha
726:
725:
699:Ayas Mehmed Pasha
687:Piri Mehmed Pasha
675:Hadım Sinan Pasha
591:Gedik Ahmed Pasha
585:Veli Mahmud Pasha
567:Veli Mahmud Pasha
504:
503:
327:
326:
318:Succeeded by
104:and future ruler
76:French Revolution
45:Halil Hamid Pasha
2457:
2346:Said Halim Pasha
2130:Ahmed Esad Pasha
2112:Ahmed Esad Pasha
1878:Hacı Salih Pasha
1866:Seyyid Ali Pasha
1782:Koca Yusuf Pasha
1742:
1735:
1728:
1719:
1718:
1708:
1689:Koca Yusuf Pasha
1575:Koca Ragıp Pasha
1431:Hacı Halil Pasha
1325:
1318:
1311:
1302:
1301:
1125:Kara Murat Pasha
999:Kara Davud Pasha
885:Koca Sinan Pasha
867:Koca Sinan Pasha
849:Koca Sinan Pasha
819:Koca Sinan Pasha
783:Kara Ahmed Pasha
755:
748:
741:
732:
731:
609:Koca Davud Pasha
573:Rum Mehmed Pasha
533:
526:
519:
510:
509:
423:Rise (1299–1453)
407:
400:
393:
384:
383:
377:
376:
363:
353:
346:
339:
330:
329:
301:Preceded by
293:
292:
287:
286:
267:
261:
253:
244:
236:
227:
219:
208:
200:
194:
186:
180:
172:
127:, who served as
2465:
2464:
2460:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2455:
2454:
2410:
2409:
2408:
2399:
2190:Hayreddin Pasha
1761:
1746:
1709:
1700:
1407:Ağa Yusuf Pasha
1344:
1329:
1292:
1107:Kara Musa Pasha
933:Yavuz Ali Pasha
795:Semiz Ali Pasha
774:
759:
722:
651:Hadim Ali Pasha
639:Hadim Ali Pasha
552:
537:
500:
426:
411:
378:
371:
357:
323:
321:Şahin Ali Pasha
314:
306:
291:
290:
284:
273:Sicill-i Osmanî
268:
264:
254:
247:
237:
230:
220:
211:
201:
197:
187:
183:
173:
164:
159:
137:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2463:
2453:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2435:Reis ül-Küttab
2432:
2427:
2422:
2405:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2397:
2391:
2385:
2379:
2376:Ali Rıza Pasha
2373:
2367:
2361:
2355:
2349:
2343:
2337:
2331:
2325:
2319:
2313:
2307:
2301:
2295:
2289:
2283:
2277:
2271:
2265:
2259:
2253:
2247:
2241:
2235:
2229:
2223:
2217:
2211:
2205:
2199:
2193:
2187:
2181:
2175:
2169:
2163:
2157:
2151:
2145:
2139:
2133:
2127:
2121:
2115:
2109:
2103:
2097:
2091:
2085:
2079:
2073:
2067:
2061:
2055:
2049:
2043:
2037:
2031:
2025:
2019:
2013:
2007:
2001:
1995:
1989:
1983:
1977:
1971:
1965:
1959:
1953:
1947:
1941:
1935:
1929:
1923:
1917:
1911:
1905:
1899:
1893:
1887:
1881:
1875:
1869:
1863:
1857:
1851:
1845:
1839:
1833:
1827:
1821:
1815:
1809:
1803:
1797:
1791:
1785:
1779:
1773:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1753:Ottoman Empire
1745:
1744:
1737:
1730:
1722:
1715:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1698:
1692:
1686:
1680:
1674:
1668:
1662:
1656:
1650:
1644:
1638:
1632:
1626:
1620:
1614:
1608:
1602:
1596:
1590:
1584:
1578:
1572:
1566:
1560:
1554:
1548:
1542:
1536:
1530:
1524:
1518:
1512:
1506:
1500:
1494:
1488:
1482:
1476:
1470:
1464:
1458:
1452:
1446:
1440:
1434:
1428:
1422:
1416:
1410:
1404:
1398:
1392:
1386:
1380:
1374:
1368:
1362:
1356:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1336:Ottoman Empire
1328:
1327:
1320:
1313:
1305:
1298:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1290:
1284:
1278:
1272:
1266:
1260:
1254:
1248:
1242:
1236:
1230:
1224:
1218:
1212:
1206:
1200:
1194:
1188:
1182:
1176:
1170:
1164:
1158:
1152:
1146:
1140:
1134:
1128:
1122:
1116:
1110:
1104:
1098:
1092:
1086:
1080:
1074:
1068:
1062:
1056:
1050:
1044:
1038:
1032:
1026:
1020:
1014:
1008:
1002:
996:
990:
984:
978:
972:
966:
960:
954:
948:
942:
936:
930:
924:
918:
912:
906:
900:
894:
888:
882:
876:
870:
864:
858:
852:
846:
840:
834:
828:
822:
816:
810:
804:
798:
792:
786:
779:
776:
775:
766:Ottoman Empire
758:
757:
750:
743:
735:
728:
727:
724:
723:
721:
720:
714:
708:
702:
696:
690:
684:
678:
672:
666:
660:
654:
648:
642:
636:
630:
624:
618:
612:
606:
600:
594:
588:
582:
576:
570:
564:
557:
554:
553:
544:Ottoman Empire
536:
535:
528:
521:
513:
506:
505:
502:
501:
499:
498:
492:
486:
480:
474:
468:
462:
456:
450:
444:
438:
431:
428:
427:
418:Ottoman Empire
410:
409:
402:
395:
387:
380:
379:
369:Ottoman Empire
356:
355:
348:
341:
333:
325:
324:
319:
316:
307:
302:
298:
297:
289:
288:
282:
262:
245:
228:
209:
195:
181:
161:
160:
158:
155:
154:
153:
148:
143:
136:
133:
68:Ottoman Empire
57:Ottoman Empire
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2462:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2383:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1848:Hurshid Pasha
1846:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1764:
1760:
1759:
1754:
1750:
1749:Grand Viziers
1743:
1738:
1736:
1731:
1729:
1724:
1723:
1720:
1716:
1707:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1347:
1343:
1342:
1337:
1333:
1332:Grand Viziers
1326:
1321:
1319:
1314:
1312:
1307:
1306:
1303:
1299:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
993:Dilaver Pasha
991:
988:
985:
982:
979:
976:
973:
970:
967:
964:
961:
958:
955:
952:
949:
946:
943:
940:
937:
934:
931:
928:
925:
922:
919:
916:
913:
910:
907:
904:
901:
898:
895:
892:
889:
886:
883:
880:
877:
874:
871:
868:
865:
862:
859:
856:
853:
850:
847:
844:
841:
838:
835:
832:
829:
826:
823:
820:
817:
814:
811:
808:
805:
802:
799:
796:
793:
790:
787:
784:
781:
780:
777:
773:
772:
767:
763:
762:Grand Viziers
756:
751:
749:
744:
742:
737:
736:
733:
729:
718:
715:
712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
697:
694:
691:
688:
685:
682:
679:
676:
673:
670:
667:
664:
661:
658:
655:
652:
649:
646:
643:
640:
637:
634:
631:
628:
625:
622:
619:
616:
613:
610:
607:
604:
601:
598:
595:
592:
589:
586:
583:
580:
577:
574:
571:
568:
565:
562:
559:
558:
555:
551:
550:
545:
541:
540:Grand Viziers
534:
529:
527:
522:
520:
515:
514:
511:
507:
496:
493:
490:
487:
484:
481:
478:
475:
472:
469:
466:
463:
460:
457:
454:
451:
448:
445:
442:
439:
436:
433:
432:
429:
425:
424:
419:
415:
414:Grand Viziers
408:
403:
401:
396:
394:
389:
388:
385:
381:
375:
370:
366:
365:Grand Viziers
362:
354:
349:
347:
342:
340:
335:
334:
331:
322:
313:
312:
305:
299:
294:
285:
283:9789753330411
279:
275:
274:
266:
260:
258:
252:
250:
243:
241:
235:
233:
226:
224:
218:
216:
214:
207:
204:
199:
193:
191:
185:
179:
177:
171:
169:
167:
162:
152:
149:
147:
144:
142:
139:
138:
132:
130:
126:
121:
117:
115:
111:
107:
103:
102:Abdul Hamid I
99:
94:
92:
88:
84:
79:
77:
73:
70:to train the
69:
64:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
39:
35:
30:
26:
22:
2184:Saffet Pasha
2148:Midhat Pasha
2100:Midhat Pasha
1756:
1676:
1339:
1077:Bayram Pasha
789:Rüstem Pasha
769:
717:Rüstem Pasha
547:
421:
309:
272:
265:
256:
239:
222:
202:
198:
189:
184:
175:
129:grand vizier
122:
118:
95:
90:
80:
72:Ottoman Navy
65:
53:grand vizier
48:
44:
43:
37:
34:Muhendishane
33:
25:
2425:1785 deaths
2420:1736 births
2396:(1920–1922)
2378:(1919–1920)
2366:(1918–1919)
2354:(1917–1918)
2348:(1913–1917)
2336:(1912–1913)
2334:Kâmil Pasha
2324:(1911–1912)
2318:(1910–1911)
2312:(1909–1910)
2294:(1908–1909)
2292:Kâmil Pasha
2282:(1903–1908)
2276:(1901–1903)
2270:(1895–1901)
2262:Kâmil Pasha
2252:(1891–1895)
2246:(1885–1891)
2244:Kâmil Pasha
2240:(1882–1885)
2216:(1880–1882)
2208:Kadri Pasha
2204:(1879–1880)
2192:(1878–1879)
2156:(1877–1878)
2150:(1876–1877)
2144:(1876–1876)
2138:(1875–1876)
2126:(1874–1875)
2120:(1873–1874)
2108:(1872–1873)
2096:(1871–1872)
2090:(1866–1871)
2084:(1866–1867)
2078:(1863–1866)
2066:(1861–1866)
2054:(1860–1861)
2048:(1859–1860)
2036:(1858–1859)
2030:(1857–1858)
2018:(1856–1857)
2012:(1855–1856)
2006:(1854–1855)
1994:(1853–1854)
1988:(1852–1853)
1964:(1848–1852)
1952:(1846–1848)
1946:(1842–1846)
1940:(1841–1842)
1934:(1840–1841)
1928:(1839–1840)
1922:(1833–1839)
1916:(1829–1833)
1910:(1828–1829)
1904:(1824–1828)
1898:(1823–1824)
1886:(1822–1823)
1880:(1821–1822)
1868:(1820–1821)
1862:(1818–1820)
1856:(1815–1818)
1850:(1812–1815)
1844:(1811–1812)
1838:(1809–1811)
1832:(1808–1809)
1820:(1807–1808)
1814:(1806–1807)
1808:(1805–1806)
1802:(1798–1805)
1796:(1794–1798)
1790:(1792–1794)
1784:(1791–1792)
1778:(1790–1791)
1772:(1789–1790)
1691:(1786–1789)
1685:(1785–1786)
1679:(1782–1785)
1667:(1781–1782)
1661:(1779–1781)
1655:(1778–1779)
1649:(1777–1778)
1643:(1775–1777)
1637:(1774–1775)
1631:(1771–1774)
1625:(1770–1771)
1619:(1769–1770)
1607:(1768–1769)
1595:(1765–1768)
1589:(1763–1765)
1577:(1757–1763)
1571:(1756–1757)
1565:(1755–1756)
1541:(1752–1755)
1535:(1750–1752)
1529:(1747–1750)
1523:(1746–1747)
1517:(1743–1746)
1511:(1742–1743)
1505:(1740–1742)
1499:(1739–1740)
1493:(1737–1739)
1481:(1736–1737)
1475:(1735–1736)
1469:(1732–1735)
1463:(1731–1732)
1451:(1730–1731)
1445:(1718–1730)
1439:(1717–1718)
1433:(1716–1717)
1427:(1713–1716)
1415:(1712–1713)
1409:(1711–1712)
1403:(1710–1711)
1391:(1706–1710)
1385:(1704–1706)
1373:(1703–1704)
1355:(1702–1703)
1289:(1697–1702)
1283:(1695–1697)
1277:(1694–1695)
1265:(1692–1693)
1259:(1691–1692)
1253:(1689–1691)
1247:(1688–1689)
1235:(1687–1688)
1229:(1685–1687)
1223:(1683–1685)
1217:(1676–1683)
1211:(1661–1676)
1205:(1656–1661)
1163:(1654–1655)
1157:(1653–1654)
1151:(1652–1653)
1145:(1651–1652)
1133:(1650–1651)
1127:(1649–1650)
1121:(1648–1649)
1115:(1647–1648)
1103:(1645–1647)
1097:(1644–1645)
1091:(1638–1644)
1079:(1637–1638)
1073:(1632–1637)
1061:(1631–1632)
1055:(1628–1631)
1049:(1626–1628)
1043:(1625–1626)
1037:(1624–1625)
1031:(1623–1624)
1019:(1622–1623)
995:(1621–1622)
983:(1619–1621)
977:(1619–1619)
971:(1616–1619)
965:(1614–1616)
959:(1611–1614)
957:Nasuh Pasha
953:(1606–1611)
941:(1604–1606)
935:(1603–1604)
929:(1601–1603)
923:(1599–1601)
917:(1598–1599)
911:(1597–1598)
905:(1596–1597)
887:(1595–1596)
869:(1593–1595)
863:(1592–1593)
857:(1591–1592)
851:(1589–1591)
845:(1586–1589)
839:(1585–1586)
833:(1584–1585)
827:(1582–1584)
821:(1580–1582)
809:(1579–1580)
803:(1565–1579)
797:(1561–1565)
791:(1555–1561)
785:(1553–1555)
719:(1544–1553)
713:(1541–1544)
707:(1539–1541)
705:Lütfi Pasha
701:(1536–1539)
695:(1523–1536)
689:(1517–1523)
681:Yunus Pasha
677:(1516–1517)
671:(1515–1516)
665:(1512–1515)
659:(1511–1512)
653:(1509–1511)
647:(1503–1506)
641:(1501–1503)
633:Mesih Pasha
629:(1499–1501)
627:Yakub Pasha
623:(1498–1499)
617:(1497–1498)
611:(1482–1497)
605:(1481–1482)
603:Ishak Pasha
599:(1477–1481)
593:(1474–1477)
587:(1472–1474)
581:(1469–1472)
579:Ishak Pasha
575:(1466–1469)
569:(1456–1466)
563:(1453–1456)
561:Zagan Pasha
497:(1439–1453)
491:(1429–1439)
485:(1421–1429)
479:(1413–1421)
473:(1406–1413)
467:(1387–1406)
461:(1364–1387)
455:(1349–1364)
449:(1348–1349)
443:(1331–1348)
437:(1320–1331)
81:From 1784,
2414:Categories
447:Hacı Pasha
110:Louis XVI
106:Selim III
135:See also
1751:of the
1334:of the
764:of the
542:of the
416:of the
367:of the
61:Bosnian
55:of the
47:, also
2390:(1920)
2384:(1920)
2372:(1919)
2360:(1918)
2342:(1913)
2330:(1912)
2306:(1909)
2300:(1909)
2288:(1908)
2264:(1895)
2258:(1895)
2234:(1882)
2228:(1882)
2222:(1882)
2210:(1880)
2198:(1879)
2186:(1878)
2180:(1878)
2174:(1878)
2168:(1878)
2162:(1878)
2132:(1875)
2114:(1873)
2102:(1872)
2072:(1863)
2060:(1861)
2042:(1859)
2024:(1857)
2000:(1854)
1982:(1852)
1976:(1852)
1970:(1852)
1958:(1848)
1892:(1823)
1874:(1821)
1826:(1808)
1697:(1789)
1673:(1782)
1613:(1769)
1601:(1768)
1583:(1763)
1559:(1755)
1553:(1755)
1547:(1755)
1487:(1737)
1457:(1731)
1421:(1713)
1397:(1710)
1379:(1704)
1367:(1703)
1361:(1703)
1271:(1694)
1241:(1688)
1199:(1656)
1193:(1656)
1187:(1656)
1181:(1656)
1175:(1655)
1169:(1655)
1139:(1651)
1109:(1647)
1085:(1638)
1067:(1632)
1025:(1623)
1013:(1622)
1007:(1622)
1001:(1622)
989:(1621)
947:(1606)
899:(1596)
893:(1596)
881:(1595)
875:(1595)
815:(1580)
683:(1517)
635:(1501)
280:
98:Russia
157:Notes
36:, in
278:ISBN
85:and
2416::
1755:–
1338:–
768:–
546:–
420:–
248:^
231:^
212:^
165:^
116:.
1741:e
1734:t
1727:v
1324:e
1317:t
1310:v
754:e
747:t
740:v
532:e
525:t
518:v
406:e
399:t
392:v
352:e
345:t
338:v
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
