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Foot, and marched with that
Regiment to Carlisle, in the Time of the Rebellion in Scotland; shewing what happened to her in that City, and her Desertion from that Regiment. Also a full and true account of her enlisting afterwards into Fraser's Regiment of Marines, then at Portsmouth; and her being draughted out of that Regiment, and sent on board the Swallow Sloop of War, one of Admiral Boscawen's Squadron, then bound for the East-Indies. With the many Vicissitudes of Fortune she met with during that Expedition, particularly at the Siege of Pondicherry, where she received Twelve Wounds. Likewise, the surprising Accident by which she came to hear of the Death of her faithless Husband, whom she went in quest of. The Whole Containing The most surprising Incidents that have happened in any preceding Age; wherein is laid open all her Adventures, in Mens Cloaths, for near five Years, without her Sex being ever discovered
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127:, on 23 April 1723. She was the youngest daughter of her family, with five sisters and three brothers. Her father Samuel Snell was a hosier and dyer. Due to Snell's grandfather’s service in the military and the money that she inherited from him, her father and his second wife, Mary Williams were wealthy enough to live comfortably and provide adequate education for all their children. Despite this, Snell learned to read but never learned to write. Locals dubbed her the "young Amazon Snell" and she often played soldier as a child.
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of neglecting her duties. This incident was prompted due to Gray's refusal to facilitate a sexual encounter between
Serjeant Davis and a local woman. For this accused neglect, Gray was sentenced to “600 lashes" and received 500 while tied to the castle gate in Carlisle. In Robert Walker's biography on her life, it is mentioned that she eluded discovery due to the manner in which her arms were tied to the gate as well as the small size of her breasts. After these events, Snell deserted and went to join the
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138:. She married James Summs, a Dutch seaman, on 18 January 1744. Summs often sought the company of other women and grew to despise Snell. He used her possessions to pay for his luxurious lifestyle and solicit prostitutes. They quickly fell into debt and became impoverished. Summs abandoned Snell during her pregnancy with their daughter, Susanna, who died in infancy.
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Hannah Snell's military career as James Gray started when she was 25 years old. She joined the regiment of
General Guise in 1747 where she received training in military exercises and greatly excelled. During this time, she had a falling out with a sergeant in her regiment named Davis who accused Gray
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The female soldier; or, the surprising life and adventures of Hannah Snell, Born in the City of
Worcester, who took upon herself the name of James Gray; and, being deserted by her husband, put on mens apparel, and travelled to Coventry in quest of him, where she enlisted in Col. Guise's Regiment of
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After her three-month recovery she was reunited with her fleet and returned to duty on the undermanned ship. She then spent some time in Bombay where her crewmates noticed that she did not shave her face and nicknamed her "Miss Molly Gray". This prompted her to "begin flirting with the local women"
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The pronouns and gender identity assigned to Snell vary between publications. In Snell’s original 1746 memoir, she referred to herself as "Hannah Snell" and used female pronouns. However, the subsequent 1750 version identified the author as James Gray. Later editions and newspaper
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in India. Later, she fought in the battle in
Devicottail in June 1749. She was injured a total of eleven times, with one shot in her groin and five in her leg. After the battle she was sent to a hospital at Cuddylor which she was seen to by two physicians. To avoid revealing her sex, she either
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Snell moved back in with her sister
Susannah and her brother-in-law, James Gray. On 23 November 1745, Snell put on her brother-in-law's clothes, assumed his name, and went to Coventry to search for Summs. Later, she learned that her husband had been executed for murder.
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articles reverted back to using "Hannah Snell". Much of the academic work on Snell likewise uses her birth name and pronouns, although papers in transgender studies and related fields have diverged from this norm.
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Abbreviated magazine and newspaper accounts of Snell’s life were also widespread both within and beyond
England. One such early article was released in a 1750 issue of London’s
217:, in two different editions. She also began to appear on stage in their uniform presenting military drills and singing songs. Three painters painted her portrait in her uniform and
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365:. Records of later 1800s publishings show the reach of Snell’s narrative; articles on Snell’s in U.S. magazines and newspapers, for instance, are found in
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was released in 1750 by London publisher Robert Walker. It has continued to be in circulation even to the present day, available in the following books:
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387:(1893). Snell’s media presence decreased in the 1900s. Documented publications about her during this period, however, were still present in Utah’s
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In 1750, her unit returned to
Britain and travelled from Portsmouth to London, where she revealed her sex to her shipmates on 2 June. She petitioned the
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as a way to reduce suspicion about her sex. Shortly thereafter, Gray returned home to
England after being discharged for complications with her wounds.
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officially recognized Snell's military service in
November, and granted her a pension in 1750 (increased in 1785), which was rare at the time.
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to join the British military. Snell was mentioned in James Woodforde's diary entry of 21 May 1778 selling buttons, garters, and laces.
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removed the bullet herself or was assisted by a local woman, instead of being tended by the regimental surgeon.
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1160:. Prepared by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team. Project Gutenberg.
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340:, The Lady Tars: The Autobiographies of Hanna Snell, Mary Lacy, Mary Talbot, and Mary Anne Talbot
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356:(2020) discusses themes related to Snell’s and other figures’ "transing" of gender.
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346:(2011). Snell’s life is also the subject of further examination. For instance,
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271:. In 1785, she was living with her son George Spence Eyles, a clerk, on Church Street,
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662:. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press.
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on 20 August and died on 8 February 1792. She was buried at Chelsea Hospital (now the
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573:"Blue plaque: Britain's most famous female soldier Hannah Snell was a Worcester girl"
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The Lady Tars: The Autobiographies of Hannah Snell, Mary Lacy and Mary Anne Talbot
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Iron Men, Wooden Women: Gender and Seafaring in the Atlantic World, 1700-1920
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Iron Men, Wooden Women: Gender and Seafaring in the Atlantic World, 1700-1920
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on 25 December 1740 to live with her older sister, Susanah, in her house in
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The Female Soldier; Or, The Surprising Life and Adventures of Hannah Snell
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The Female Soldier; Or, The Surprising Life and Adventures of Hannah Snell
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The Female Soldier: Or the Surprising Life and Adventures of Hannah Snell
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The Female Soldier: Two Accounts of Women Who Served & Fought as Men
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The Female Soldier: Two Accounts of Women Who Served & Fought as Men
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has written two fictional dramatizations of Snell's life: a radio play,
1552:"Snell, Hannah [alias James Gray] (1723–1792), sexual impostor"
653:"Snell, Hannah [alias James Gray] (1723–1792), sexual impostor"
507:"Snell, Hannah [alias James Gray] (1723–1792), sexual impostor"
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745:"Britain's Most Famous 1700s Sailor Spent 4 Years Disguised as a Man"
533:"Britain's Most Famous 1700s Sailor Spent 4 Years Disguised as a Man"
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In 1791, her mental condition suddenly worsened. She was admitted to
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776:. William Andrews Clark Memorial Library, University of California.
350:(2014) investigates the context in which her life took place, while
255:, but it did not last long. By the mid-1750s, Snell was living in
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In August 1748, her unit was sent to an expedition to capture the
718:"The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Female Soldier, by Anonymous"
594:"The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Female Soldier, by Anonymous"
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There are numerous accounts of Snell’s life. Snell’s memoir
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Sources claim that after receiving her pension, Snell retired to
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851:"The Project Gutenberg eBook, The Female Soldier, by Anonymous"
832:"The Project Gutenberg eBook, The Female Soldier, by Anonymous"
817:"The Project Gutenberg eBook, The Female Soldier, by Anonymous"
799:"The Project Gutenberg eBook, The Female Soldier, by Anonymous"
556:
The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Female Soldier, by Anonymous
552:"The Project Gutenberg EBook, the Female Soldier, by Anonymous"
488:"The Project Gutenberg EBook, the Female Soldier, by Anonymous"
466:"The Project Gutenberg eBook, The Female Soldier, by Anonymous"
420:"Understanding old British money - pounds, shillings and pence"
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as a woman who was prepared to "serve, suffer and sacrifice."
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111:(23 April 1723 – 8 February 1792) was an English soldier who
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Hannah Snell: The Secret Life of a Female Marine, 1723-1792
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Hannah Snell: The Secret Life of a Female Marine, 1723–1792
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Hannah Snell: The Secret Life of a Female Marine, 1723-1792
1127:
Manion, Jen (2020). "Chapter 3: The Sailors and Soldiers".
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reported her claims. She was honourably discharged and the
186:, but the attack was called off. Her unit then sailed to
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1452:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
130:Snell’s parents died when she was 17. She moved to
1266:"Some Account of Hannah Snell, the Female Soldier"
1076:"Hannah Snell: The Famous "women In Men's Cloaths"
1050:"Hannah Snell: The Famous 'Woman in Men's Cloaths"
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178:and sailed as a cabin boy under Captain Rosier to
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897:She Captains: Heroines and Hellions of the Sea
689:Creighton, Margaret S.; Norling, Lisa (1996).
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1019:. London. NAM Accession Number 1963-05-63-1.
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321:Hannah Snell is mentioned in the 1969 film
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1133:. Cambridge University Press. p. 80.
1031:"Trans and Gender-Nonconforming Histories"
975:. Cambridge university press. p. 72.
932:. Cambridge university press. p. 78.
901:. New York: Simon & Schuster. p.
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284:Old Burial Ground, Royal Hospital Chelsea
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650:Wheelwright, Julie (23 September 2004).
505:Wheelwright, Julie (23 September 2004).
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1556:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
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145:While in Coventry, she enlisted in the
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1407:. Cambridge University Press.
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870:Amazons to Fighter Pilots: A-Q
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324:The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie
239:Hannah Snell, engraving, 1789
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1571:UK public library membership
676:UK public library membership
247:and kept a pub named either
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1558:. Oxford University Press.
1550:Wheelwright, Julie (2004).
1378:Digital Transgender Archive
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1288:Digital Transgender Archive
1270:Digital Transgender Archive
1074:Anonymous (26 March 2023).
855:The Project Gutenberg eBook
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492:The Project Gutenberg eBook
470:The Project Gutenberg eBook
16:British soldier (1723–1792)
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1221:Stephens, Matthew (2014).
113:disguised herself as a man
1603:Women in the British Army
1374:"Women Who Were Soldiers"
693:. JHU Press. p. 11.
443:. JHU Press. p. 38.
375:(1855–1865), Minnesota’s
314:(1988) and a stage play,
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182:. Her unit was to invade
123:Hannah Snell was born in
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1013:"Hannah Snell, 1750 (c)"
362:The Gentleman’s Magazine
220:The Gentleman's Magazine
373:Ballou’s Dollar Monthly
253:The Widow in Masquerade
225:Royal Hospital, Chelsea
170:. She boarded the ship
1564:10.1093/ref:odnb/25975
1302:"A Singular Character"
1196:Snell, Hannah (2011).
1154:Snell, Hannah (2011).
772:Snell, Hannah (1989).
668:10.1093/ref:odnb/25975
418:Barrow, Mandy (2013).
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1531:Hannah Snell Homepage
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938:10.1017/9781108652834
893:Druett, Joan (2000).
390:The Salt Lake Tribune
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1446:improve this article
1401:Manion, Jen (2020).
1238:Manion, Jen (2020).
1227:. Ship Street Press.
1017:National Army Museum
969:Manion, Jen (2020).
926:Manion, Jen (2020).
393:(1910) and Oregon's
384:The Salt Lake Herald
155:6th Regiment of Foot
1608:Royal Marines ranks
1540:by Matthew Stephens
1394:Matthew Stephens -
381:(1890), and Utah’s
368:The New York Ledger
298:Snell portrayed by
1284:"A Female Soldier"
1175:. Fireship Press.
1099:The Mining Journal
1080:Jane Austen Centre
849:Anonymous (2011).
830:Anonymous (2011).
819:. 2011. p. 8.
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550:Anonymous (2011).
486:Anonymous (2011).
464:Anonymous (2011).
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249:The Female Warrior
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1338:"A Woman Warrior"
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783:978-0-404-70257-1
722:www.gutenberg.org
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674:(Subscription or
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371:(1865), Boston’s
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