Haplogroup E-M215 - Knowledge

2895: 436:

new tree that all agreed to use. Later, a group of citizen scientists with an interest in population genetics and genetic genealogy formed a working group to create an amateur tree aiming at being above all timely. The table below brings together all of these works at the point of the landmark 2002 YCC Tree. This allows a researcher reviewing older published literature to quickly move between nomenclatures.

3629:: "This inference is further supported by the presence of additional Hg E lineal diversification and by the highest frequency of E-P2* and E-M35* in the same region. The distribution of E-P2* appears limited to eastern African peoples. The E-M35* lineage shows its highest frequency (19.2%) in the Ethiopian Oromo but with a wider distribution range than E-P2*." For E-M215 57: 3621:: "Several observations point to eastern Africa as the homeland for haplogroup E3b—that is, it had (1) the highest number of different E3b clades (table 1), (2) a high frequency of this haplogroup and a high microsatellite diversity, and, finally, (3) the exclusive presence of the undifferentiated E3b* 4422:

Badro, Danielle A.; Douaihy, Bouchra; Haber, Marc; Youhanna, Sonia C.; Salloum, Angélique; Ghassibe-Sabbagh, Michella; Johnsrud, Brian; Khazen, Georges; Matisoo-Smith, Elizabeth; Soria-Hernanz, David F.; Wells, R. Spencer; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Platt, Daniel E.; Zalloua, Pierre A. (2013), "Y-Chromosome

435:

Prior to 2002, there were in academic literature at least seven naming systems for the Y-Chromosome phylogenetic tree. This led to considerable confusion. In 2002, the major research groups came together and formed the Y-Chromosome Consortium (YCC). They published a joint paper that created a single

282:

in eastern Morocco. The fossils were directly dated to between 15,100 and 13,900 calibrated years before present. The scientists found that five male specimens with sufficient nuclear DNA preservation belonged to the E1b1b1a1 (M78) subclade, with one skeleton bearing the E1b1b1a1b1 parent lineage to

210:

predominantly carried the Y-DNA haplogroup E1b1b. Of the five Natufian specimens analyzed for paternal lineages, three belonged to the E1b1b1b2(xE1b1b1b2a, E1b1b1b2b), E1b1(xE1b1a1, E1b1b1b1) and E1b1b1b2(xE1b1b1b2a, E1b1b1b2b) subclades (60%). Haplogroup E1b1b was also found at moderate frequencies

334:

Almost all E-M215 men are also in E-M35. In 2004, M215 was found to be older than M35 when individuals were found who have the M215 mutation, but do not have M35 mutation. In 2013, Di Cristofaro et al. (2013) found one individual in Khorasan, North-East Iran to be positive for M215 but negative for

6936:

Semino, Ornella; Magri, Chiara; Benuzzi, Giorgia; Lin, Alice A.; Al-Zahery, Nadia; Battaglia, Vincenza; MacCioni, Liliana; Triantaphyllidis, Costas; et al. (2004), "Origin, Diffusion, and Differentiation of Y-Chromosome Haplogroups E and J: Inferences on the Neolithization of Europe and Later

7120:

Solé-Morata, Neus; García-Fernández, Carla; Urasin, Vadim; Bekada, Asmahan; Fadhlaoui-Zid, Karima; Zalloua, Pierre; Comas, David; Calafell, Francesc (21 November 2017), "Whole Y-chromosome sequences reveal an extremely recent origin of the most common North African paternal lineage E-M183 (M81)",

3912:

Van De Loosdrecht, Marieke; Bouzouggar, Abdeljalil; Humphrey, Louise; Posth, Cosimo; Barton, Nick; Aximu-Petri, Ayinuer; Nickel, Birgit; Nagel, Sarah; Talbi, El Hassan; El Hajraoui, Mohammed Abdeljalil; Amzazi, Saaïd; Hublin, Jean-Jacques; Pääbo, Svante; Schiffels, Stephan; Meyer, Matthias; Haak,

4300:

Adams, Susan M; Bosch, Elena; Balaresque, Patricia L.; Ballereau, Stéphane J.; Lee, Andrew C.; Arroyo, Eduardo; López-Parra, Ana M.; Aler, Mercedes; et al. (2008), "The Genetic Legacy of Religious Diversity and Intolerance: Paternal Lineages of Christians, Jews, and Muslims in the Iberian

6232:

Martinez, Laisel; Underhill, Peter A; Zhivotovsky, Lev A; Gayden, Tenzin; Moschonas, Nicholas K; Chow, Cheryl-Emiliane T; Conti, Simon; Mamolini, Elisabetta; Cavalli-Sforza, L Luca; Herrera, Rene (April 1, 2007), "Paleolithic Y-haplogroup heritage predominates in a Cretan highland plateau",

5410:

Flores, Carlos; Maca-Meyer, Nicole; González, Ana M; Oefner, Peter J; Shen, Peidong; Pérez, Jose A; Rojas, Antonio; Larruga, Jose M; Underhill, Peter A (2004), "Reduced genetic structure of the Iberian peninsula revealed by Y-chromosome analysis: implications for population demography",

3554:

K-M2313*, which as yet has no phylogenetic name, has been documented in two living individuals, who have ethnic ties to India and South East Asia. In addition, K-Y28299, which appears to be a primary branch of K-M2313, has been found in three living individuals from India. See: Poznik

4699:

Bosch, Elena; Calafell, Francesc; Comas, David; Oefner, Peter J.; Underhill, Peter A.; Bertranpetit, Jaume (2001), "High-resolution analysis of human Y-chromosome variation shows a sharp discontinuity and limited gene flow between north-western Africa and the Iberian Peninsula",

4510:

Behar, Doron M.; Thomas, Mark G.; Skorecki, Karl; Hammer, Michael F.; Bulygina, Ekaterina; Rosengarten, Dror; Jones, Abigail L.; Held, Karen; et al. (October 2003), "Multiple Origins of Ashkenazi Levites: Y Chromosome Evidence for Both Near Eastern and European Ancestries",

271:, which have been radiocarbon-dated to between the 7th and 11th centuries CE. The clade-bearing individuals that were analysed for paternal DNA were inhumed at the Tenerife site, with all of these specimens found to belong to the E1b1b1b1a1 or E-M183 subclade (3/3; 100%). 4901:

Capelli, Cristian; Onofri, Valerio; Brisighelli, Francesca; Boschi, Ilaria; Scarnicci, Francesca; Masullo, Mara; Ferri, Gianmarco; Tofanelli, Sergio; et al. (2009), "Moors and Saracens in Europe: estimating the medieval North African male legacy in southern Europe",

5026:

Cruciani, Fulvio; Santolamazza, Piero; Shen, Peidong; MacAulay, Vincent; Moral, Pedro; Olckers, Antonel; Modiano, David; Holmes, Susan (2002), "A Back Migration from Asia to Sub-Saharan Africa Is Supported by High-Resolution Analysis of Human Y-Chromosome Haplotypes",

4977:

Contu, Daniela; Morelli, Daniela; Santoni, Federico; Foster, Jamie W.; Francalacci, Paolo; Cucca, Francesco (2008), "Y-Chromosome Based Evidence for Pre-Neolithic Origin of the Genetically Homogeneous but Diverse Sardinian Population: Inference for Association Scans",

5332:

El-Sibai, Mirvat; Platt, Daniel E.; Haber, Marc; Xue, Yali; Youhanna, Sonia C.; Wells, R. Spencer; Izaabel, Hassan; Sanyoura, May F.; et al. (2009), "Geographical Structure of the Y-chromosomal Genetic Landscape of the Levant: A coastal-inland contrast",

5204: 215:

culture, with the E1b1b1 and E1b1b1b2(xE1b1b1b2a, E1b1b1b2b) subclades observed in two of seven PPNB specimens (~29%). The scientists suggest that the Levantine early farmers may have spread southward into East Africa, bringing along Western Eurasian and

5480:

Francalacci, P.; Morelli, L.; Underhill, P.A.; Lillie, A.S.; Passarino, G.; Useli, A.; Madeddu, R.; Paoli, G.; et al. (2003), "Peopling of Three Mediterranean Islands (Corsica, Sardinia, and Sicily) Inferred by Y-Chromosome Biallelic Variability",

7700:

Zalloua, Pierre A.; Platt, Daniel E.; El Sibai, Mirvat; Khalife, Jade; Makhoul, Nadine; Haber, Marc; Xue, Yali; Izaabel, Hassan; et al. (2008), "Identifying Genetic Traces of Historical Expansions: Phoenician Footprints in the Mediterranean",

3646:"Paragroup E-M35 * and haplogroup J-12f2a* fit the criteria for major AJ founding lineages because they are widespread both in AJ populations and in Near Eastern populations, and occur at much lower frequencies in European non-Jewish populations." 7287:

Trombetta, Beniamino; Cruciani, Fulvio; Sellitto, Daniele; Scozzari, Rosaria (2011), MacAulay, Vincent (ed.), "A New Topology of the Human Y Chromosome Haplogroup E1b1 (E-P2) Revealed through the Use of Newly Characterized Binary Polymorphisms",

6042:

Lacan, Marie; Keyser, Christine; Ricaut, François-Xavier; Brucato, Nicolas; Tarrús, Josep; Bosch, Angel; Guilaine, Jean; Crubézy, Eric; Ludes, Bertrand (2011), "Ancient DNA suggests the leading role played by men in the Neolithic dissemination",

5731:

Henn, B. M.; Gignoux, C.; Lin, Alice A; Oefner, Peter J.; Shen, P.; Scozzari, R.; Cruciani, F.; Tishkoff, S. A.; Mountain, J. L.; Underhill, P. A. (2008), "Y-chromosomal evidence of a pastoralist migration through Tanzania to southern Africa",

4471:

Battaglia, Vincenza; Fornarino, Simona; Al-Zahery, Nadia; Olivieri, Anna; Pala, Maria; Myres, Natalie M; King, Roy J; Rootsi, Siiri; et al. (2008), "Y-chromosomal evidence of the cultural diffusion of agriculture in southeast Europe",

6433:

Pelotti; Ceccardi, S; Lugaresi, F; Trane, R; Falconi, M; Bini, C; Willuweit, S; Roewer, L (2007), "Microgeographic genetic variation of Y chromosome in a population sample of Ravenna's area in the Emilia-Romagna region (North of Italy)",

7071:

Shlush; Behar, Doron M.; Yudkovsky, Guennady; Templeton, Alan; Hadid, Yarin; Basis, Fuad; Hammer, Michael; Itzkovitz, Shalev; Skorecki, Karl (2008), Gemmell, Neil John (ed.), "The Druze: A Population Genetic Refugium of the Near East",

6271:

Mendizabal, Isabel; Sandoval, Karla; Berniell-Lee, Gemma; Calafell, Francesc; Salas, Antonio; Martinez-Fuentes, Antonio; Comas, David (2008), "Genetic origin, admixture, and asymmetry in maternal and paternal human lineages in Cuba",

7661:

Zalloua, Pierre A.; Xue, Yali; Khalife, Jade; Makhoul, Nadine; Debiane, Labib; Platt, Daniel E.; Royyuru, Ajay K.; Herrera, Rene J.; et al. (2008), "Y-Chromosomal Diversity in Lebanon Is Structured by Recent Historical Events",

4606:

Beleza, Sandra; Gusmao, Leonor; Lopes, Alexandra; Alves, Cintia; Gomes, Iva; Giouzeli, Maria; Calafell, Francesc; Carracedo, Angel; Amorim, Antonio (2006), "Micro-Phylogeographic and Demographic History of Portuguese Male Lineages",

5128:

Cruciani; La Fratta; Torroni; Underhill; Scozzari (2006), "Molecular Dissection of the Y Chromosome Haplogroup E-M78 (E3b1a): A Posteriori Evaluation of a Microsatellite-Network-Based Approach Through Six New Biallelic Markers",

7403:

Underhill, Peter A.; Shen, Peidong; Lin, Alice A.; Jin, Li; Passarino, Giuseppe; Yang, Wei H.; Kauffman, Erin; Bonné-Tamir, Batsheva; et al. (2000), "Y chromosome sequence variation and the history of human populations",

7436:

Underhill; Passarino, G.; Lin, A. A.; Shen, P.; Mirazon Lahr, M.; Foley, R. A.; Oefner, P. J.; Cavalli-Sforza, L. L. (2001), "The phylogeography of Y chromosome binary haplotypes and the origins of modern human populations",

5509:

Fregel, Rosa; Gomes, Verónica; Gusmão, Leonor; González, Ana M; Cabrera, Vicente M; Amorim, António; Larruga, Jose M (2009), "Demographic history of Canary Islands male gene-pool: replacement of native lineages by European",

366:

Moran et al. (2004) observed that among Y-DNA (paternal) clades borne by elite endurance athletes in Ethiopia, the haplogroup E3b1 was negatively correlated with elite athletic endurance performance, whereas the haplogroups

6184:

Maca-Meyer N, Sánchez-Velasco P, Flores C, Larruga JM, González AM, Oterino A, Leyva-Cobián F, et al. (2003), "Y Chromosome and Mitochondrial DNA Characterization of Pasiegos, a Human Isolate from Cantabria (Spain)",

5371:

Firasat; Khaliq, Shagufta; Mohyuddin, Aisha; Papaioannou, Myrto; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Underhill, Peter A; Ayub, Qasim (2006), "Y-chromosomal evidence for a limited Greek contribution to the Pathan population of Pakistan",

6615:

Robino, C.; Crobu, F.; Gaetano, C.; Bekada, A.; Benhamamouch, S.; Cerutti, N.; Piazza, A.; Inturri, S.; Torre, C. (2008), "Analysis of Y-chromosomal SNP haplogroups and STR haplotypes in an Algerian population sample",

4940:

Cinnioğlu, Cengiz; King, Roy; Kivisild, Toomas; Kalfoglu, Ersi; Atasoy, Sevil; Cavalleri, Gianpiero L.; Lillie, Anita S.; Roseman, Charles C.; et al. (2004), "Excavating Y-chromosome haplotype strata in Anatolia",

4339:

Alvarez; Santos, Cristina; Montiel, Rafael; Caeiro, Blazquez; Baali, Abdellatif; Dugoujon, Jean-Michel; Aluja, Maria Pilar (2009), "Y-chromosome variation in South Iberia: Insights into the North African contribution",

5449:

Flores; Maca-Meyer, Nicole; Larruga, Jose M.; Cabrera, Vicente M.; Karadsheh, Naif; Gonzalez, Ana M. (2005), "Isolates in a corridor of migrations: a high-resolution analysis of Y-chromosome variation in Jordan",

251:, which have been dated to around 5,000 BCE, also carried haplotypes related to the E1b1b1b1a (E-M81) subclade. These ancient individuals bore an autochthonous Maghrebi genomic component that peaks among modern 190: 4813:

Capelli, Cristian; Redhead, Nicola; Abernethy, Julia K.; Gratrix, Fiona; Wilson, James F.; Moen, Torolf; Hervig, Tor; Richards, Martin; et al. (2003), "A Y Chromosome Census of the British Isles",

6749:

Sanchez, Juan J; Hallenberg, Charlotte; Børsting, Claus; Hernandez, Alexis; Gorlin, RJ (2005), "High frequencies of Y chromosome lineages characterized by E3b1, DYS19-11, DYS392-12 in Somali males",

6549:

Ramos-Luisa, E.; Blanco-Verea, A.; Brión, M.; Van Huffel, V.; Carracedo, A.; Sánchez-Diz, P. (2009), "Phylogeography of French male lineages (unpublished data 23rd International ISFG Congress)",

5168: 6652:

Rosa, Alexandra; Ornelas, Carolina; Jobling, Mark A; Brehm, António; Villems, Richard (2007), "Y-chromosomal diversity in the population of Guinea-Bissau: a multiethnic perspective",

5211:

Di Gaetano; Cerutti, Francesca; Crobu, Carlo; Robino (2009), "Differential Greek and northern African migrations to Sicily are supported by genetic evidence from the Y chromosome",

7741:

The use of Y-chromosomal DNA variation to investigate population history; in Papiha SS, Deka R, Chakraborty R (eds): Genomic diversity: applications in human population genetics

7338:"Phylogeographic Refinement and Large Scale Genotyping of Human Y Chromosome Haplogroup E Provide New Insights into the Dispersal of Early Pastoralists in the African Continent" 7748:

Zhao; Khan, Faisal; Borkar, Minal; Herrera, Rene; Agrawal, Suraksha (2009), "Presence of three different paternal lineages among North Indians: A study of 560 Y chromosomes",

4382:; Zerjal, T; Fathallah, D; Makrelouf, M; Pascali, V; Novelletto, A; Tylersmith, C (2004), "A Predominantly Neolithic Origin for Y-Chromosomal DNA Variation in North Africa", 7961:

Semino, O.; Passarino, G; Oefner, PJ; Lin, AA; et al. (2000), "The Genetic Legacy of Paleolithic Homo sapiens sapiens in Extant Europeans: A Y Chromosome Perspective",

6395:

Paracchini; Pearce, CL; Kolonel, LN; Altshuler, D; Henderson, BE; Tyler-Smith, C (2003), "A Y chromosomal influence on prostate cancer risk: the multi-ethnic cohort study",

3390: 6320:

Nebel, Almut; Filon, D; Brinkmann, B; Majumder, P; Faerman, M; Oppenheim, A (2001), "The Y Chromosome Pool of Jews as Part of the Genetic Landscape of the Middle East",

2998: 2988: 3417:

Van Oven M, Van Geystelen A, Kayser M, Decorte R, Larmuseau HD (2014). "Seeing the wood for the trees: a minimal reference phylogeny for the human Y chromosome".

8040:

Underhill, Peter A.; Shen, Peidong; Lin, Alice A.; Jin, Li; et al. (November 2000). "Y chromosome sequence variation and the history of human populations".

3085: 3068: 6455: 2237:

is based on the YCC 2008 tree and subsequent published research as summarized by ISOGG. It includes all known subclades as of June 2015 (Trombetta et al. 2015)

7597:

Wood; Stover; Ehret; Destro-Bisol (2005), "Contrasting patterns of Y chromosome and mtDNA variation in Africa: evidence for sex-biased demographic processes",

2734: 5250: 3076: 1027: 7235: 7027: 4739: 2724: 6975:"Reconstruction of Patrilineages and Matrilineages of Samaritans and Other Israeli Populations From Y-Chromosome and Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Variation" 4783:

Cadenas; Zhivotovsky, Lev A; Cavalli-Sforza, Luca L; Underhill, Peter A; Herrera, Rene J (2007), "Y-chromosome diversity characterizes the Gulf of Oman",

6454:

Pereira, Luísa; Černý, Viktor; Cerezo, María; Silva, Nuno M; Hájek, Martin; Vašíková, Alžběta; Kujanová, Martina; Brdička, Radim; Salas, Antonio (2010),

3235: 3228: 3221: 2831: 2771: 2758: 2748: 1820: 1637: 1576: 1454: 1210: 1149: 1088: 411: 2821: 1759: 1271: 966: 783: 661: 4865:

Caratti; Gino, S.; Torre, C.; Robino, C. (2009), "Subtyping of Y-chromosomal haplogroup E-M78 (E1b1b1a) by SNP assay and its forensic application",

3344: 3339: 6579:

Regueiro, M.; Cadenas, A.M.; Gayden, T.; Underhill, P.A.; Herrera, R.J. (2006), "Iran: Tricontinental Nexus for Y-Chromosome Driven Migration",

5167:

Cruciani, F.; La Fratta, R.; Trombetta, B.; Santolamazza, P.; Sellitto, D.; Colomb, E. B.; Dugoujon, J.-M.; Crivellaro, F.; et al. (2007),

3832:

Fregel; et al. (2018). "Ancient genomes from North Africa evidence prehistoric migrations to the Maghreb from both the Levant and Europe".

1998:. But in non-standard or older terminologies, E-M215 is for example approximately the same as "haplotype V", still used in publications such as 6840: 6125: 6888: 4670:

Bortolini; Thomas, Mark G.; Chikhi, Lourdes; Aguilar, Juan A.; Castro-De-Guerra, Dinorah; Salzano, Francisco M.; Ruiz-Linares, Andres (2004),

7471:

Underhill (2002), "Inference of Neolithic Population Histories using Y-chromosome Haplotypes", in Bellwood, Peter; Renfrew, A. Colin (eds.),

6014:

Kujanova; Pereira; Fernandes; Pereira; Cerný (2009), "Near Eastern Neolithic Genetic Input in a Small Oasis of the Egyptian Western Desert",

5689: 430: 7489:

Underhill, Peter A.; Kivisild, Toomas (2007), "Use of Y Chromosome and Mitochondrial DNA Population Structure in Tracing Human Migrations",

6974: 6177: 5169:"Tracing Past Human Male Movements in Northern/Eastern Africa and Western Eurasia: New Clues from Y-Chromosomal Haplogroups E-M78 and J-M12" 1986:

of E-M215 in 2004. Prior to 2002 these haplogroups were not designated in a consistent way, and nor was their relationship to other related

4423:

and mtDNA Genetics Reveal Significant Contrasts in Affinities of Modern Middle Eastern Populations with European and African Populations",

1970:(YCC), for the clades defined by mutation M215 and M35 respectively, which can also be referred to as E-M215 and E-M35. The nomenclature 5936: 6973:

Shen, Peidong; Lavi, Tal; Kivisild, Toomas; Chou, Vivian; Sengun, Deniz; Gefel, Dov; Shpirer, Issac; Woolf, Eilon; et al. (2004),

5799: 5782: 4740:"Paternal and maternal lineages in the Balkans show a homogeneous landscape over linguistic barriers, except for the isolated Aromuns" 4738:

Bosch, E.; Calafell, F.; Gonzalez-Neira, A.; Flaiz, C.; Mateu, E.; Scheil, H.-G.; Huckenbeck, W.; Efremovska, L.; et al. (2006),

7518: 6701: 6093:"Y Haplogroups, Archaeological Cultures and Language Families: a Review of the Multidisciplinary Comparisons using the case of E-M35" 5935:

King, R. J.; Özcan, S. S.; Carter, T.; Kalfoğlu, E.; Atasoy, S.; Triantaphyllidis, C.; Kouvatsi, A.; Lin, A. A.; et al. (2008),

17: 6781: 4554: 7196: 6509:"High-resolution phylogenetic analysis of southeastern Europe traces major episodes of paternal gene flow among Slavic populations" 7875:"Patterns of inter- and intra-group genetic diversity in the Vlax Roma as revealed by Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA lineages" 6456:"Linking the sub-Saharan and West Eurasian gene pools: maternal and paternal heritage of the Tuareg nomads from the African Sahel" 6508: 5986:

King; Underhill (2002), "Congruent distribution of Neolithic painted pottery and ceramic figurines with Y-chromosome lineages",

3855:"Genomic Analyses of Pre-European Conquest Human Remains from the Canary Islands Reveal Close Affinity to Modern North Africans" 6839:

Semino, O.; Passarino, G; Oefner, PJ; Lin, AA; Arbuzova, S; Beckman, LE; De Benedictis, G; Francalacci, P; et al. (2000),

3686:"A Rare Deep-Rooting D0 African Y-chromosomal Haplogroup and its Implications for the Expansion of Modern Humans Out of Africa" 3395: 5069:"Phylogeographic Analysis of Haplogroup E3b (E-M215) Y Chromosomes Reveals Multiple Migratory Events Within and Out Of Africa" 7559:

Weale; Shah, T; Jones, AL; Greenhalgh, J; Wilson, JF; Nymadawa, P; Zeitlin, D; Connell, BA; et al. (September 1, 2003),

7480: 7186: 5894: 5273: 255:, indicating that they were ancestral to populations in the area. The E1b1b haplogroup has likewise been observed in ancient 6780:

Scozzari, Rosaria; Cruciani, F; Pangrazio, A; Santolamazza, P; Vona, G; Moral, P; Latini, V; Varesi, L; et al. (2001),

342:. The linguistic group and carriers of E-M35 lineage have a high probability to have arisen and dispersed together from the 6360:

Onofri, Valerio; Alessandrini, Federica; Turchi, Chiara; Pesaresi, Mauro; Buscemi, Loredana; Tagliabracci, Adriano (2006),

5887:

In Hot Pursuit of Language in Prehistory: Essays in the Four Fields of Anthropology : In Honor of Harold Crane Fleming

5598:

Gonçalves, R; Freitas, A; Branco, M; Rosa, A; Fernandes, AT; Zhivotovsky, LA; Underhill, PA; Kivisild, T; Brehm, A (2005),

7797:"A Predominantly Indigenous Paternal Heritage for the Austronesian-Speaking Peoples of Insular Southeast Asia and Oceania" 6496: 6124:

Luis, J; Rowold, D; Regueiro, M; Caeiro, B; Cinnioglu, C; Roseman, C; Underhill, P; Cavallisforza, L; Herrera, R (2004),

6092: 5068: 4547: 6939: 6887:

Semino; Santachiara-Benerecetti, A. Silvana; Falaschi, Francesco; Cavalli-Sforza, L. Luca; Underhill, Peter A. (2002),

6706: 6322: 6133: 5076: 5029: 4384: 7627:

Y Chromosome Consortium "YCC" (2002), "A Nomenclature System for the Tree of Human Y-Chromosomal Binary Haplogroups",

7063: 4775: 6361: 2879: 2729: 2704: 143: 5807:

Jobling, M.A.; Tyler-Smith, C. (2000), "New uses for new haplotypes the human Y chromosome, disease and selection",

8087: 6700:

Rosser, Z; Zerjal, T; Hurles, M; Adojaan, M; Alavantic, D; Amorim, A; Amos, W; Armenteros, M; et al. (2000),

5279: 3536:

Haplogroup K2b1 (P397/P399) is also known as Haplogroup MS, but has a broader and more complex internal structure.

7276: 6507:

Peričic, M.; Lauc, LB; Klarić, IM; Rootsi, S; Janićijevic, B; Rudan, I; Terzić, R; Colak, I; et al. (2005),

2869: 7176: 5690:"Y-Chromosome Variation Among Sudanese: Restricted Gene Flow, Concordance With Language, Geography, and History" 5778: 5560:"North African Berber and Arab influences in the western Mediterranean revealed by Y-chromosome DNA haplotypes" 4644: 6782:"Human Y-Chromosome Variation in the Western Mediterranean Area: Implications for the Peopling of the Region" 4846: 4555:"Contrasting patterns of Y chromosome variation in Ashkenazi Jewish and host non-Jewish European populations" 7999:"Y-Chromosome Evidence for a Northward Migration of Modern Humans into Eastern Asia during the Last Ice Age" 6702:"Y-Chromosomal Diversity in Europe Is Clinal and Influenced Primarily by Geography, Rather than by Language" 5835:

Karafet, T. M.; Mendez, F. L.; Meilerman, M. B.; Underhill, P. A.; Zegura, S. L.; Hammer, M. F. (May 2008),

3582:

Haplogroup S, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1a. (Previously the name Haplogroup S was assigned to K2b1a4.)

3591:

Haplogroup M, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1b. (Previously the name Haplogroup M was assigned to K2b1d.)

7795:

Capelli, Cristian; Wilson, James F.; Richards, Martin; Stumpf, Michael P.H.; et al. (February 2001).

5600:"Y-chromosome Lineages from Portugal, Madeira and Açores Record Elements of Sephardim and Berber Ancestry" 5249:

Dugoujon; Coudray; Torroni; Cruciani; Scozzari; Moral; Louali; Kossmann (2009), d'Errico; Hombert (eds.),

3777:"Ancient Egyptian mummy genomes suggest an increase of Sub-Saharan African ancestry in post-Roman periods" 2847: 6543: 5648:

Hammer (2003), "Human population structure and its effects on sampling Y chromosome sequence variation",

5599: 2674: 7197:"History of Click-Speaking Populations of Africa Inferred from mtDNA and Y Chromosome Genetic Variation" 6841:"The Genetic Legacy of Paleolithic Homo sapiens sapiens in Extant Europeans: A Y Chromosome Perspective" 6362:"Development of multiplex PCRs for evolutionary and forensic applications of 37 human Y chromosome SNPs" 3684:

Haber M, Jones AL, Connel BA, Asan, Arciero E, Huanming Y, Thomas MG, Xue Y, Tyler-Smith C (June 2019).

7873:

Kaladjieva, Luba; Calafell, Francesc; Jobling, Mark A; Angelicheva, Dora; et al. (February 2001).

4645:"Haplogroup E3b1a2 as a Possible Indicator of Settlement in Roman Britain by Soldiers of Balkan Origin" 1887:

The following research teams per their publications were represented in the creation of the YCC Tree.

7838:

Hammer, Michael F.; Karafet, Tatiana M.; Redd, Alan J.; Jarjanazi, Hamdi; et al. (1 July 2001).

5904: 5837:"New Binary Polymorphisms Reshape and Increase Resolution of the Human Y-Chromosomal Haplogroup Tree" 6875: 6801: 6199: 6168: 5786: 7026:

Silva; Carvalho, Elizeu; Costa, Guilherme; Tavares, Lígia; Amorim, António; Gusmão, Leonor (2006),

6925: 3058: 5720: 3261: 2709: 1967: 244: 212: 6126:"The Levant versus the Horn of Africa: Evidence for Bidirectional Corridors of Human Migrations" 4672:"Ribeiro's typology, genomes, and Spanish colonialism, as viewed from Gran Canaria and Colombia" 6796: 6194: 3915:"Pleistocene North African genomes link Near Eastern and sub-Saharan African human populations" 3250: 3242: 2982: 236: 7918:"Paternal Population History of East Asia: Sources, Patterns, and Microevolutionary Processes" 5688:

Hassan, Hisham Y.; Underhill, Peter A.; Cavalli-Sforza, Luca L.; Ibrahim, Muntaser E. (2008),

3492:

F-Y27277, sometimes known as F2'4, is both the parent clade of F2 and F4 and a child of F-M89.

5975: 5258:

Becoming Eloquent Advances in the Emergence of Language, Human Cognition, and Modern Cultures

3312: 3158: 339: 6534: 5905:"Genetics, Egypt, and History: Interpreting Geographical Patterns of Y Chromosome Variation" 5882: 5559: 189: 7970: 7502: 7297: 7130: 7081: 6851: 6661: 6281: 6052: 5741: 5519: 4987: 4823: 4432: 4039: 3926: 3866: 3833: 3788: 3351: 3270: 3205: 3149: 3134: 3120: 3041: 3013: 2684: 1991: 380: 376: 343: 232: 7856: 7839: 7547: 7534: 7009: 6741: 5836: 358:

Y-chromosomes, appears to be one of the major founding lineages of the Jewish population.

350:

male lineages are E-M35. Haplogroup E-M35, which accounts for approximately 18% to 20% of

8: 6822: 4589: 2862: 346:. Amongst populations with an Afro-Asiatic speaking history, a significant proportion of 7974: 7301: 7226: 7134: 7085: 6855: 6665: 6285: 6056: 5745: 5523: 4991: 4827: 4436: 4043: 3930: 3870: 3792: 2908:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

8065: 8023: 7998: 7944: 7917: 7904: 7821: 7796: 7770: 7723: 7684: 7581: 7460: 7447: 7425: 7391: 7378: 7337: 7320: 7263: 7159: 7104: 7055: 7001: 6957: 6728: 6684: 6641: 6604: 6568: 6483: 6417: 6344: 6304: 6220: 6155: 6075: 6003: 5967: 5924: 5861: 5764: 5672: 5650: 5637: 5587: 5542: 5438: 5394: 5355: 5321: 5233: 5156: 5098: 5010: 4966: 4924: 4890: 4767: 4722: 4632: 4581: 4529: 4494: 4455: 4406: 4367: 4323: 4218: 4091: 4078: 4027: 3952: 3809: 3776: 3712: 3685: 3442: 3280: 2954: 2937: 7916:

Karafet, Tatiana; Xu, Liping; Du, Ruofu; Wang, William; et al. (September 2001).

7645: 6912: 6810: 5820: 5198: 5051: 4860: 4836: 4548:

https://web.archive.org/web/20090304100321/http://www.familytreedna.com/pdf/400971.pdf

4543: 3459: 8057: 8028: 7997:

Su, Bing; Xiao, Junhua; Underhill, Peter; Deka, Ranjan; et al. (December 1999).

7986: 7949: 7896: 7861: 7826: 7775: 7728: 7689: 7650: 7616: 7586: 7539: 7506: 7476: 7452: 7417: 7383: 7365: 7357: 7325: 7268: 7218: 7182: 7164: 7146: 7109: 7047: 6993: 6962: 6917: 6889:"Ethiopians and Khoisan share the deepest clades of the human Y-chromosome phylogeny" 6867: 6814: 6768: 6733: 6689: 6633: 6596: 6526: 6488: 6422: 6384: 6349: 6309: 6260: 6252: 6212: 6208: 6160: 6080: 6031: 6007: 5959: 5955: 5928: 5890: 5866: 5824: 5769: 5712: 5677: 5629: 5615: 5579: 5547: 5498: 5469: 5430: 5399: 5360: 5346: 5313: 5269: 5238: 5190: 5148: 5103: 5056: 5015: 4958: 4929: 4882: 4851: 4802: 4759: 4755: 4727: 4624: 4620: 4573: 4534: 4499: 4460: 4411: 4379: 4359: 4328: 4210: 4083: 4065: 4057: 3956: 3944: 3894: 3814: 3717: 3511: 3434: 3372: 3367: 3358: 3301: 3292: 3212: 3183: 3143: 3101: 3053: 2971: 2836: 2791: 2786: 2753: 2679: 2496: 2366: 2234: 2179: 2151: 1698: 320: 8069: 7908: 7429: 7395: 7059: 6645: 6572: 6380: 6224: 5971: 5591: 5442: 5160: 4970: 4771: 4691: 4585: 4222: 4095: 3446: 8049: 8018: 8010: 7978: 7939: 7929: 7886: 7851: 7816: 7808: 7765: 7757: 7718: 7710: 7679: 7671: 7640: 7632: 7606: 7576: 7568: 7529: 7498: 7464: 7442: 7409: 7373: 7349: 7315: 7305: 7258: 7250: 7208: 7154: 7138: 7099: 7089: 7039: 7005: 6985: 6952: 6944: 6907: 6899: 6886: 6859: 6806: 6758: 6723: 6715: 6679: 6669: 6625: 6608: 6588: 6558: 6516: 6478: 6470: 6443: 6412: 6404: 6376: 6339: 6331: 6299: 6289: 6242: 6204: 6150: 6142: 6070: 6060: 6023: 5995: 5951: 5916: 5856: 5848: 5816: 5759: 5749: 5704: 5667: 5659: 5641: 5619: 5611: 5571: 5537: 5527: 5490: 5459: 5420: 5389: 5381: 5350: 5342: 5325: 5309: 5305: 5261: 5228: 5220: 5180: 5138: 5093: 5085: 5046: 5038: 5005: 4995: 4950: 4919: 4911: 4894: 4874: 4841: 4831: 4792: 4751: 4717: 4709: 4686: 4636: 4616: 4565: 4524: 4516: 4489: 4481: 4450: 4440: 4401: 4393: 4371: 4349: 4318: 4310: 4202: 4190: 4102: 4073: 4047: 3934: 3884: 3874: 3804: 3796: 3707: 3697: 3426: 3334: 3092: 3046: 2826: 2811: 2806: 2801: 2781: 2776: 2766: 2276:(E1b1b1a1). North Africa, Horn of Africa, West Asia, Sicily. (Formerly "E1b1b1a".) 2260: 2164: 2108: 2093: 2065: 2052: 2042: 2032: 1515: 1393: 1332: 722: 600: 539: 397: 203: 147: 109: 7982: 6863: 5937:"Differential Y-chromosome Anatolian Influences on the Greek and Cretan Neolithic" 5875: 5663: 4671: 220:

ancestral components separate from that which would arrive later in North Africa.

182:

The origins of E-M215 were dated by Cruciani in 2007 to about 22,400 years ago in

7572: 7310: 7094: 6563: 6447: 5000: 4445: 4052: 3106: 2816: 2796: 905: 844: 372: 368: 167: 96: 7560: 5793: 3756: 3702: 1979: 231:

archaeological site in Middle Egypt, which dates from a period between the late

7714: 7675: 7561:"Rare Deep-Rooting Y Chromosome Lineages in Humans: Lessons for Phylogeography" 7142: 5883:"Geography, selected Afro-Asiatic families, and Y chromosome lineage variation" 4314: 3322: 3115: 2948: 2855: 351: 292: 275: 268: 252: 240: 217: 155: 7761: 7369: 7236:"Evidence for an apartheid-like social structure in early Anglo-Saxon England" 6629: 6107: 5999: 5464: 5111: 4954: 4878: 4569: 4206: 4069: 3879: 3854: 8081: 7517:

Weale, M. E.; Weiss, D. A.; Jager, R. F.; Bradman, N.; Thomas, M. G. (2002),

7361: 7150: 6256: 4061: 3567: 3515: 3197: 3191: 3177: 3166: 3129: 3032: 3027: 3018: 3004: 2965: 2689: 1995: 355: 224: 7891: 7874: 7611: 7213: 6763: 6674: 6521: 6294: 6247: 6065: 5754: 5532: 5425: 5385: 5185: 4797: 3939: 3914: 1983: 8061: 8032: 7990: 7953: 7900: 7865: 7830: 7779: 7732: 7693: 7654: 7620: 7590: 7543: 7510: 7456: 7421: 7387: 7329: 7272: 7254: 7222: 7168: 7113: 7051: 6997: 6966: 6921: 6871: 6818: 6772: 6737: 6693: 6637: 6600: 6530: 6492: 6426: 6388: 6353: 6313: 6264: 6216: 6164: 6084: 6035: 5963: 5870: 5828: 5773: 5716: 5681: 5633: 5583: 5551: 5502: 5473: 5434: 5403: 5364: 5317: 5242: 5194: 5152: 5107: 5060: 5019: 4962: 4933: 4886: 4855: 4806: 4763: 4731: 4628: 4577: 4538: 4503: 4464: 4415: 4363: 4332: 4214: 4087: 3948: 3898: 3818: 3721: 3438: 2877: 1978:(E-M35) respectively were the YCC defined names used to designate the same 312: 308: 296: 260: 151: 6408: 5920: 5575: 5224: 4915: 4485: 7353: 6474: 5624: 4782: 2654:(E1b1b2). Rare. Found in individuals in Ethiopia, Yemen and Saudi Arabia. 183: 159: 86: 5265: 3911: 3800: 3474:

Haplogroup A0-T is also known as A-L1085 (and previously as A0'1'2'3'4).

1987: 7626: 7119: 7043: 6989: 6027: 5852: 5708: 5494: 4354: 4259: 3430: 2694: 7636: 6592: 6548: 6544:

http://dienekes.blogspot.ru/2015/07/phylogeographic-refinement-of.html

6270: 6183: 5296:

Ehret, C.; Keita, SO; Newman, P (2004), "The Origins of Afroasiatic",

5166: 5143: 3889: 3737: 3630: 3560: 3514:

was known as "Haplogroup K2". That name has since been re-assigned to

274:

Loosdrecht et al. (2018) analysed genome-wide data from seven ancient

7178:

Blood of the Isles: Exploring the Genetic Roots of Our Tribal History

6779: 5558:

Gérard; Berriche, S; Aouizérate, A; Diéterlen, F; Lucotte, G (2006),

5066: 4028:"Afghan Hindu Kush: Where Eurasian Sub-Continent Gene Flows Converge" 3974: 3762: 3749: 3634: 3622: 3618: 3571:, 2017, "Details of the Y-SNP markers included in the minimal Y tree" 2714: 2699: 2548:. E-V1515 and its subclades are mainly restricted to eastern Africa. 383:

were significantly more frequent among the elite endurance athletes.

5687: 30:"E3b" redirects here. For the Pennsylvania Railroad locomotive, see 8014: 7934: 7812: 6948: 6903: 6719: 6335: 6146: 5089: 5042: 4713: 4656: 4520: 4470: 4397: 3838: 3527:

Haplogroup K2b (M1221/P331/PF5911) is also known as Haplogroup MPS.

2719: 328: 279: 264: 256: 171: 8053: 7413: 6748: 6231: 3416: 7286: 5557: 5479: 5370: 5127: 4014: 1999: 324: 304: 300: 248: 31: 6394: 6359: 5251:"The Berber and the Berbers: Genetic and linguistic diversities" 5025: 4737: 4553:

Behar; Garrigan; Kaplan; Mobasher; Rosengarten (November 2004),

6013: 5834: 4245: 4191:"Y chromosome haplogroups of elite Ethiopian endurance runners" 1966:

are the currently accepted names found in the proposals of the

316: 291:

In Africa, E-M215 is distributed in highest frequencies in the

228: 207: 163: 7840:"Hierarchical Patterns of Global Human Y-Chromosome Diversity" 6578: 5448: 5409: 5248: 4900: 4812: 7475:, Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, 7070: 7028:"Y-chromosome genetic variation in Rio de Janeiro population" 4939: 4299: 4161: 307:, whence it has in recent millennia expanded as far south as 6432: 5210: 4669: 4377: 7699: 7596: 7194: 6319: 4552: 4172: 4139: 3913:

Wolfgang; Jeong, Choongwon; Krause, Johannes (4 May 2018).

3647: 347: 6436:

Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series

5597: 4338: 3460:

International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG; 2015),

7435: 7025: 6699: 6542:

Pontikos D. "Phylogeographic refinement of haplogroup E"

5508: 4976: 4509: 4421: 4128: 4003: 3625:." As mentioned above, "E3b" is the old name for E-M215. 3501:

Haplogroup LT (L298/P326) is also known as Haplogroup K1.

7660: 7558: 6838: 6614: 6123: 6041: 5067:

Cruciani; La Fratta; Santolamazza; Sellitto (May 2004),

4698: 283:

E-V13, another male specimen belonged to E1b1b (M215*).

56: 6651: 6506: 6453: 5934: 3667: 3665: 1982:

in older literature with E-M35 branching as a separate

7519:"Y Chromosome Evidence for Anglo-Saxon Mass Migration" 7516: 4864: 4605: 4026:

Di Cristofaro, Julie; et al. (October 18, 2013).

3774: 2735:

Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Sub-Saharan Africa

7747: 6935: 5331: 3992: 3626: 223:

Additionally, haplogroup E1b1b1 has been found in an

7743:, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, pp. 91–101 6972: 5730: 4150: 3683: 3662: 2725:

Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of the world

361: 7473:

Examining the farming/language dispersal hypothesis

7402: 5903:Keita, S. O. Y.; Boyce, A. J. (Anthony J.) (2005), 4544:

http://www.ucl.ac.uk/tcga/tcgapdf/Behar-AJHG-03.pdf

2299:. Found only in Eritrea (1.1%) and Sardinia (0.3%). 7195:Tishkoff; Gonder; Henn; Mortensen; Knight (2007), 6850:, vol. 290, no. 5494, pp. 1155–59, 5806: 1895: 7488: 7233: 4847:20.500.11820/8acb01f3-a7c1-45f5-89de-b796266d651e 3852: 8079: 7787: 7528:, vol. 19, no. 7, pp. 1008–1021, 6943:, vol. 74, no. 5, pp. 1023–1034, 5295: 4108: 3633:reduced their estimate to 22,400 from 25,600 in 7567:, vol. 165, no. 1, pp. 229–234, 7441:, vol. 65, no. Pt 1, pp. 43–62, 7336:Trombetta, Beniamino; et al. (July 2015). 6618:Journal International Journal of Legal Medicine 6515:, vol. 22, no. 10, pp. 1964–75, 4564:, vol. 114, no. 4, pp. 354–365, 4188: 3970: 3968: 3966: 2270:. Found in individuals in Sardinia and Morocco. 61:Geographic distribution of the haplogroup E1b1b 7631:, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 339–348, 7408:, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 358–361, 6898:, vol. 70, no. 1, pp. 265–268, 4515:, vol. 73, no. 4, pp. 768–779, 4241: 4239: 3733: 3731: 3573:(Access date of these pages: 9 December 2017) 150:and E-M281. E-M35 is primarily distributed in 6984:, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 248–60, 6937:Migratory Events in the Mediterranean Area", 5985: 4282: 4280: 4278: 4025: 4019: 3988: 3986: 3984: 3982: 2863: 431:Conversion table for Y chromosome haplogroups 278:individuals from the Grotte des Pigeons near 4122: 3963: 3775:Schuenemann, Verena J.; et al. (2017). 158:, and occurs at moderate frequencies in the 5874:. Published online April 2, 2008. See also 5795:Y-DNA Haplogroup E and its Subclades – 2011 4236: 4008: 3728: 3545:Haplogroup P (P295) is also klnown as K2b2. 3410: 416:Haplogroup E-M281 is a subclade of E-M215. 7872: 7234:Thomas; Stumpf, M. P.H; Harke, H. (2006), 5902: 5800:International Society of Genetic Genealogy 4275: 4184: 4182: 4180: 4112: 3997: 3979: 2870: 2856: 1899: 402:Haplogroup E-M35 is a subclade of E-M215. 55: 8039: 8022: 7943: 7933: 7890: 7855: 7820: 7769: 7722: 7683: 7644: 7610: 7580: 7533: 7470: 7446: 7377: 7335: 7319: 7309: 7262: 7212: 7158: 7103: 7093: 6956: 6911: 6800: 6762: 6727: 6683: 6673: 6562: 6520: 6482: 6416: 6343: 6303: 6293: 6246: 6198: 6154: 6090: 6074: 6064: 6016:American Journal of Physical Anthropology 5860: 5763: 5753: 5697:American Journal of Physical Anthropology 5671: 5623: 5541: 5531: 5483:American Journal of Physical Anthropology 5463: 5424: 5393: 5354: 5232: 5184: 5142: 5097: 5050: 5009: 4999: 4923: 4845: 4835: 4796: 4721: 4690: 4528: 4493: 4454: 4444: 4405: 4353: 4322: 4166: 4155: 4133: 4077: 4051: 3938: 3888: 3878: 3837: 3808: 3711: 3701: 3677: 3671: 3453: 1907: 4144: 3905: 3486: 3483:Haplogroup A1 is also known as A1'2'3'4. 1882: 338:E-M215 and E-M35 are quite common among 7915: 7794: 4867:International Journal of Legal Medicine 4264: 4177: 3853:Rodrı́guez-Varela; et al. (2017). 3548: 1947: 1923: 424: 14: 8080: 8003:The American Journal of Human Genetics 7960: 7922:The American Journal of Human Genetics 7837: 7801:The American Journal of Human Genetics 7738: 7703:The American Journal of Human Genetics 7503:10.1146/annurev.genet.41.110306.130407 5647: 4303:The American Journal of Human Genetics 4255: 4253: 3831: 2843: 1931: 1915: 202:According to Lazaridis et al. (2016), 170:. E-M281 occurs at a low frequency in 7857:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003906 7535:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a004160 7174: 5880: 5792: 4270: 4189:Moran, Colin N.; et al. (2004). 4116: 2851: 2005: 4642: 4260:Y Chromosome Consortium "YCC" (2002) 3742: 3530: 3468: 3396:Y-DNA haplogroups of historic people 3371: 3366: 3357: 3355: 3350: 3348: 3343: 3338: 3333: 3327: 3320: 3310: 3308: 3298: 3290: 3278: 3276: 3267: 3259: 3217: 3210: 3204: 3202: 3196: 3190: 3188: 3182: 3176: 3164: 3154: 3148: 3142: 3133: 3128: 3119: 3114: 3105: 3100: 3064: 3050: 2933: 2888: 2741: 4250: 3521: 3038: 2978: 2961: 2010:Cladogram with the main subclades: 24: 7996: 7879:European Journal of Human Genetics 7664:American Journal of Human Genetics 7599:European Journal of Human Genetics 7448:10.1046/j.1469-1809.2001.6510043.x 7243:Proceedings of the Royal Society B 6940:American Journal of Human Genetics 6751:European Journal of Human Genetics 6707:American Journal of Human Genetics 6463:European Journal of Human Genetics 6323:American Journal of Human Genetics 6235:European Journal of Human Genetics 6134:American Journal of Human Genetics 5413:European Journal of Human Genetics 5374:European Journal of Human Genetics 5213:European Journal of Human Genetics 5077:American Journal of Human Genetics 5030:American Journal of Human Genetics 4904:European Journal of Human Genetics 4785:European Journal of Human Genetics 4474:European Journal of Human Genetics 4385:American Journal of Human Genetics 3504: 3495: 3477: 1939: 206:skeletal remains from the ancient 188: 25: 8099: 7032:American Journal of Human Biology 4342:American Journal of Human Biology 3585: 3576: 3539: 3465:. (Access date: 1 February 2015.) 2730:Y-DNA haplogroups by ethnic group 2705:Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup 362:E-M215 association with endurance 146:. E-M215 has two basal branches, 144:human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup 27:Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup 6209:10.1046/j.1469-1809.2003.00045.x 5956:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2007.00414.x 5616:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2005.00161.x 5347:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2009.00538.x 4756:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2005.00251.x 4621:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2005.00221.x 4109:Ehret, Keita & Newman (2004) 2893: 1896:Jobling & Tyler-Smith (2000) 419: 299:, specifically in the countries 7844:Molecular Biology and Evolution 6776:. Published online 9 March 2005 6381:10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.03.014 5173:Molecular Biology and Evolution 4692:10.1590/S1415-47572004000100001 4292: 3640: 3637:, re-calibrating the same data. 3518:, the sibling of Haplogroup LT. 286: 211:among fossils from the ensuing 6551:Forensic Science International 6369:Forensic Science International 5310:10.1126/science.306.5702.1680c 4679:Genetics and Molecular Biology 3846: 3825: 3768: 3612: 197: 13: 1: 7983:10.1126/science.290.5494.1155 7788:Sources for conversion tables 6864:10.1126/science.290.5494.1155 6811:10.1016/S0198-8859(01)00286-5 5821:10.1016/S0168-9525(00)02057-6 4837:10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00373-7 3656: 1954: 7342:Genome Biology and Evolution 7311:10.1371/journal.pone.0016073 7095:10.1371/journal.pone.0002105 6564:10.1016/j.fsigss.2009.09.026 6448:10.1016/j.fsigss.2007.10.025 6100:Journal of Genetic Genealogy 5001:10.1371/journal.pone.0001430 4649:Journal of Genetic Genealogy 4446:10.1371/journal.pone.0054616 4053:10.1371/journal.pone.0076748 2880:Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups 531: 526: 521: 516: 511: 506: 501: 496: 491: 486: 481: 476: 471: 466: 461: 456: 451: 446: 441: 386: 327:). E-M281 has been found in 7: 5783:comment on the Spitoon blog 5664:10.1093/genetics/164.4.1495 3703:10.1534/genetics.119.302368 2930: 2878:Phylogenetic tree of human 2675:African admixture in Europe 2667: 2662: 10: 8104: 7715:10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.10.012 7676:10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.01.020 7573:10.1093/genetics/165.1.229 7143:10.1038/s41598-017-16271-y 6091:Lancaster, Andrew (2009), 4315:10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.11.007 3462:Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2015 3364: 3331: 3288: 3257: 3248: 3240: 3233: 3226: 3219: 3174: 3140: 3126: 3112: 3098: 3082: 3066: 2935: 2344:. Found in North Cameroon. 428: 409: 395: 177: 29: 7762:10.1080/03014460802558522 6630:10.1007/s00414-007-0203-5 6000:10.1017/S0003598X00091158 5465:10.1007/s10038-005-0274-4 4955:10.1007/s00439-003-1031-4 4879:10.1007/s00414-009-0350-y 4570:10.1007/s00439-003-1073-7 4207:10.1007/s00439-004-1202-y 3880:10.1016/j.cub.2017.09.059 3385: 3163: 3156: 3090: 3073: 3057: 3052: 3045: 3040: 3031: 3026: 3024: 3017: 3012: 3010: 3003: 2996: 2994: 2987: 2980: 2970: 2963: 2953: 2946: 2944: 2928: 2902:This article needs to be 2886: 2287:. Found in Tunisian Jews. 2210: 2177: 2162: 2155: 2130: 2106: 2091: 2078: 2063: 2056: 2046: 2036: 2026: 443:YCC 2002/2008 (Shorthand) 405: 121: 102: 92: 82: 74: 66: 54: 39: 18:Haplogroup E-M215 (Y-DNA) 6654:BMC Evolutionary Biology 6187:Annals of Human Genetics 5944:Annals of Human Genetics 5881:Keita, Shomarka (2008), 5779:comment on Dienekes blog 5604:Annals of Human Genetics 5512:BMC Evolutionary Biology 5335:Annals of Human Genetics 4744:Annals of Human Genetics 4609:Annals of Human Genetics 4113:Keita & Boyce (2005) 3605: 391: 83:Possible place of origin 8088:Human Y-DNA haplogroups 7892:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200597 7750:Annals of Human Biology 7612:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201408 6764:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201390 6675:10.1186/1471-2148-7-124 6295:10.1186/1471-2148-8-213 6248:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201769 6066:10.1073/pnas.1113061108 5876:Supplementary Material. 5755:10.1073/pnas.0801184105 5533:10.1186/1471-2148-9-181 5426:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201225 5386:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201726 4798:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201934 3940:10.1126/science.aar8380 3510:Between 2002 and 2008, 2710:Molecular phylogenetics 2376:(L19, V257) – E1b1b1b1 2250:. Rare or non-existent. 1968:Y Chromosome Consortium 227:mummy excavated at the 213:Pre-Pottery Neolithic B 67:Possible time of origin 7255:10.1098/rspb.2006.3627 4378:Arredi, B; Poloni, E; 3975:Cruciani et al. (2004) 3763:Cruciani et al. (2004) 3738:Cruciani et al. (2007) 3635:Cruciani et al. (2004) 3631:Cruciani et al. (2007) 3619:Cruciani et al. (2004) 311:, and northwards into 194: 7214:10.1093/molbev/msm155 7175:Sykes, Bryan (2006), 6522:10.1093/molbev/msi185 6409:10.1136/jmg.40.11.815 5921:10.1353/hia.2005.0013 5576:10.1353/hub.2006.0045 5225:10.1038/ejhg.2008.120 5186:10.1093/molbev/msm049 4916:10.1038/ejhg.2008.258 4643:Bird, Steven (2007), 4486:10.1038/ejhg.2008.249 4431:(1: e54616): e54616, 4246:Karafet et al. (2008) 4015:Firasat et al. (2006) 3865:(1–7): 3396–3402.e5. 3781:Nature Communications 1883:Research publications 259:fossils excavated in 192: 6475:10.1038/ejhg.2010.21 4004:Rosser et al. (2000) 3993:Semino et al. (2004) 3627:Semino et al. (2004) 2000:Gérard et al. (2006) 498:YCC 2010r (Longhand) 425:Phylogenetic history 344:Afroasiatic Urheimat 340:Afroasiatic speakers 245:Ifri N'Amr Ou Moussa 138:, formerly known as 7975:2000Sci...290.1155S 7302:2011PLoSO...616073T 7249:(1601): 2651–2657, 7135:2017NatSR...715941S 7086:2008PLoSO...3.2105S 6856:2000Sci...290.1155S 6666:2007BMCEE...7..124R 6286:2008BMCEE...8..213M 6106:(1), archived from 6057:2011PNAS..10818255L 5746:2008PNAS..10510693H 5524:2009BMCEE...9..181F 5266:10.1075/z.152.05ch4 5201:on October 10, 2017 4992:2008PLoSO...3.1430C 4828:2003CBio...13..979C 4655:(2), archived from 4437:2013PLoSO...854616B 4173:Nebel et al. (2001) 4162:Adams et al. (2008) 4140:Behar et al. (2004) 4129:Behar et al. (2003) 4044:2013PLoSO...876748D 3931:2018Sci...360..548V 3871:2017CBio...27E3396R 3801:10.1038/ncomms15694 3793:2017NatCo...815694S 3648:Behar et al. (2004) 3391:Y-DNA by population 3306: 2844:Y-DNA backbone tree 2152:E1b1b1b (Z827) 493:YCC 2008 (Longhand) 488:YCC 2005 (Longhand) 483:YCC 2002 (Longhand) 354:and 8.6% to 30% of 7354:10.1093/gbe/evv118 7123:Scientific Reports 7044:10.1002/ajhb.20567 6990:10.1002/humu.20077 6028:10.1002/ajpa.21078 5889:, John Benjamins, 5853:10.1101/gr.7172008 5709:10.1002/ajpa.20876 5495:10.1002/ajpa.10265 5205:Supplementary Data 4513:Am. J. Hum. Genet. 4355:10.1002/ajhb.20888 4151:Shen et al. (2004) 3431:10.1002/humu.22468 3157: 2938:Y-chromosomal Adam 2492:(Z830) – E1b1b1b2 2043:E1b1b1a (V68) 2006:Phylogenetic trees 195: 193:E1b1b1 origins map 122:Defining mutations 7637:10.1101/gr.217602 7491:Annu. Rev. Genet. 7482:978-1-902937-20-5 7207:(10): 2180–2195, 7188:978-0-593-05652-3 6593:10.1159/000093774 6193:(Pt 4): 329–339, 5909:History in Africa 5896:978-90-272-3252-6 5610:(Pt 4): 443–454, 5275:978-90-272-3269-4 5144:10.1002/humu.9445 3925:(6388): 548–552. 3602: 3601: 3564:, 2017, "K-M2335" 3562:YFull YTree v5.08 3512:Haplogroup T-M184 3380: 3379: 3325: 3315: 3305: 3296: 3284: 3273: 3265: 3253: 3245: 3238: 3231: 3224: 3169: 3088: 3080: 3071: 3001: 2985: 2968: 2951: 2923: 2922: 2837:Haplogroup E-Z827 2832:Haplogroup E-Z820 2792:Haplogroup E-P177 2787:Haplogroup E-P147 2772:Haplogroup E-M521 2763:Haplogroup E-M215 2759:Haplogroup E-M180 2754:Haplogroup E-M123 2749:Haplogroup E-L485 2742:Y-DNA E subclades 2680:genetic genealogy 2235:phylogenetic tree 2230: 2229: 2221: 2220: 2199: 2198: 2190: 2189: 2141: 2140: 2119: 2118: 2033:E1b1b1 (M35) 1900:Kaladjieva (2001) 1880: 1879: 412:Haplogroup E-M281 239:. Fossils at the 129: 128: 16:(Redirected from 8095: 8073: 8036: 8026: 8009:(6): 1718–1724. 7993: 7969:(5494): 1155–9, 7957: 7947: 7937: 7912: 7894: 7869: 7859: 7850:(7): 1189–1203. 7834: 7824: 7782: 7773: 7744: 7735: 7726: 7696: 7687: 7657: 7648: 7623: 7614: 7593: 7584: 7554: 7552: 7546:, archived from 7537: 7526:Mol. Biol. Evol. 7523: 7513: 7485: 7467: 7450: 7432: 7399: 7381: 7348:(7): 1940–1950. 7332: 7323: 7313: 7283: 7281: 7275:, archived from 7266: 7240: 7230: 7225:, archived from 7216: 7191: 7171: 7162: 7116: 7107: 7097: 7067: 7062:, archived from 7022: 7021: 7020: 7014: 7008:, archived from 6979: 6969: 6960: 6932: 6930: 6924:, archived from 6915: 6893: 6882: 6880: 6874:, archived from 6845: 6835: 6834: 6833: 6827: 6821:, archived from 6804: 6789:Human Immunology 6786: 6775: 6766: 6745: 6740:, archived from 6731: 6714:(6): 1526–1543, 6696: 6687: 6677: 6648: 6611: 6575: 6566: 6538: 6537:on June 30, 2012 6533:, archived from 6524: 6513:Mol. Biol. Evol. 6503: 6501: 6495:, archived from 6486: 6460: 6450: 6429: 6420: 6391: 6366: 6356: 6347: 6330:(5): 1095–1112, 6316: 6307: 6297: 6267: 6250: 6228: 6202: 6175: 6173: 6167:, archived from 6158: 6130: 6120: 6119: 6118: 6112: 6097: 6087: 6078: 6068: 6038: 6010: 5982: 5980: 5974:, archived from 5941: 5931: 5899: 5873: 5864: 5831: 5803: 5776: 5767: 5757: 5727: 5725: 5719:, archived from 5694: 5684: 5675: 5658:(4): 1495–1509, 5644: 5627: 5594: 5554: 5545: 5535: 5505: 5476: 5467: 5445: 5428: 5406: 5397: 5367: 5358: 5328: 5292: 5291: 5290: 5284: 5278:, archived from 5255: 5245: 5236: 5202: 5197:, archived from 5188: 5179:(6): 1300–1311, 5163: 5146: 5124: 5123: 5122: 5116: 5110:, archived from 5101: 5084:(5): 1014–1022, 5073: 5063: 5054: 5037:(5): 1197–1214, 5022: 5013: 5003: 4973: 4936: 4927: 4897: 4858: 4849: 4839: 4809: 4800: 4779: 4774:, archived from 4734: 4725: 4708:(4): 1019–1029, 4695: 4694: 4676: 4666: 4665: 4664: 4639: 4602: 4601: 4600: 4594: 4588:, archived from 4559: 4541: 4532: 4506: 4497: 4467: 4458: 4448: 4418: 4409: 4374: 4357: 4335: 4326: 4287: 4284: 4273: 4268: 4262: 4257: 4248: 4243: 4234: 4233: 4231: 4229: 4186: 4175: 4170: 4164: 4159: 4153: 4148: 4142: 4137: 4131: 4126: 4120: 4106: 4100: 4099: 4081: 4055: 4023: 4017: 4012: 4006: 4001: 3995: 3990: 3977: 3972: 3961: 3960: 3942: 3909: 3903: 3902: 3892: 3882: 3850: 3844: 3843: 3841: 3829: 3823: 3822: 3812: 3772: 3766: 3760: 3754: 3753: 3746: 3740: 3735: 3726: 3725: 3715: 3705: 3696:(4): 1421–1428. 3681: 3675: 3669: 3650: 3644: 3638: 3616: 3592: 3589: 3583: 3580: 3574: 3552: 3546: 3543: 3537: 3534: 3528: 3525: 3519: 3508: 3502: 3499: 3493: 3490: 3484: 3481: 3475: 3472: 3466: 3457: 3451: 3450: 3414: 3321: 3311: 3299: 3291: 3279: 3269: 3260: 3249: 3241: 3234: 3227: 3220: 3165: 3084: 3075: 3067: 2997: 2981: 2964: 2947: 2931: 2918: 2915: 2909: 2897: 2896: 2889: 2872: 2865: 2858: 2849: 2848: 2827:Haplogroup E-V68 2822:Haplogroup E-V65 2812:Haplogroup E-V22 2807:Haplogroup E-V13 2802:Haplogroup E-V12 2782:Haplogroup E-M96 2777:Haplogroup E-M75 2767:Haplogroup E-M33 2158: 2157: 2059: 2058: 2049: 2048: 2039: 2038: 2029: 2028: 2014: 2013: 1908:Underhill (2000) 439: 438: 398:Haplogroup E-M35 319:(especially the 225:ancient Egyptian 70:47,500—22,400 BP 59: 37: 36: 21: 8103: 8102: 8098: 8097: 8096: 8094: 8093: 8092: 8078: 8077: 8076: 8042:Nature Genetics 7790: 7785: 7739:Zerjal (1999), 7629:Genome Research 7550: 7521: 7483: 7279: 7238: 7189: 7018: 7016: 7012: 6977: 6928: 6891: 6878: 6843: 6831: 6829: 6825: 6802:10.1.1.408.4857 6784: 6499: 6458: 6403:(11): 815–819, 6364: 6274:BMC Evol. Biol. 6200:10.1.1.584.4253 6171: 6128: 6116: 6114: 6110: 6095: 6051:(45): 18255–9, 5994:(293): 707–14, 5978: 5939: 5897: 5841:Genome Research 5740:(31): 10693–8, 5723: 5692: 5419:(10): 855–863, 5288: 5286: 5282: 5276: 5253: 5120: 5118: 5114: 5071: 4816:Current Biology 4674: 4662: 4660: 4598: 4596: 4592: 4557: 4295: 4290: 4285: 4276: 4269: 4265: 4258: 4251: 4244: 4237: 4227: 4225: 4187: 4178: 4171: 4167: 4160: 4156: 4149: 4145: 4138: 4134: 4127: 4123: 4107: 4103: 4024: 4020: 4013: 4009: 4002: 3998: 3991: 3980: 3973: 3964: 3910: 3906: 3859:Current Biology 3851: 3847: 3830: 3826: 3773: 3769: 3761: 3757: 3748: 3747: 3743: 3736: 3729: 3682: 3678: 3670: 3663: 3659: 3654: 3653: 3645: 3641: 3617: 3613: 3608: 3603: 3598: 3597: 3596: 3595: 3590: 3586: 3581: 3577: 3553: 3549: 3544: 3540: 3535: 3531: 3526: 3522: 3509: 3505: 3500: 3496: 3491: 3487: 3482: 3478: 3473: 3469: 3458: 3454: 3415: 3411: 3406: 3400: 3381: 2924: 2919: 2913: 2910: 2907: 2898: 2894: 2882: 2876: 2846: 2841: 2817:Haplogroup E-M2 2797:Haplogroup E-P2 2744: 2739: 2670: 2665: 2470:E-Z2198/E-MZ46 2231: 2222: 2200: 2191: 2142: 2120: 2008: 1957: 1952: 1885: 433: 427: 422: 414: 408: 400: 394: 389: 364: 289: 229:Abusir el-Meleq 200: 180: 168:Southern Africa 117: 75:Coalescence age 62: 50: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8101: 8091: 8090: 8075: 8074: 8048:(3): 358–361. 8037: 8015:10.1086/302680 7994: 7958: 7935:10.1086/323299 7928:(3): 615–628. 7913: 7870: 7835: 7813:10.1086/318205 7807:(2): 432–443. 7791: 7789: 7786: 7784: 7783: 7745: 7736: 7709:(5): 633–642, 7697: 7670:(4): 873–882, 7658: 7624: 7605:(7): 867–876, 7594: 7556: 7514: 7486: 7481: 7468: 7433: 7400: 7333: 7284: 7231: 7192: 7187: 7172: 7117: 7068: 7038:(6): 829–837, 7023: 6982:Human Mutation 6970: 6949:10.1086/386295 6933: 6904:10.1086/338306 6896:Am J Hum Genet 6884: 6836: 6795:(9): 871–884, 6777: 6757:(7): 856–866, 6746: 6720:10.1086/316890 6697: 6649: 6612: 6587:(3): 132–143, 6576: 6546: 6540: 6504: 6469:(8): 915–923, 6451: 6442:(1): 242–243, 6430: 6392: 6357: 6336:10.1086/324070 6317: 6268: 6241:(4): 485–493, 6229: 6181: 6147:10.1086/382286 6141:(3): 532–544, 6121: 6088: 6039: 6022:(2): 336–346, 6011: 5983: 5950:(2): 205–214, 5932: 5900: 5895: 5878: 5832: 5815:(8): 356–362, 5804: 5790: 5787:public release 5728: 5685: 5645: 5595: 5570:(3): 307–316, 5555: 5506: 5489:(3): 270–279, 5477: 5458:(9): 435–441, 5446: 5407: 5380:(1): 121–126, 5368: 5341:(6): 568–581, 5329: 5304:(5702): 1680, 5293: 5274: 5246: 5208: 5164: 5131:Human Mutation 5125: 5090:10.1086/386294 5064: 5043:10.1086/340257 5023: 4974: 4937: 4910:(6): 848–852, 4898: 4873:(4): 357–360, 4862: 4822:(11): 979–84, 4810: 4780: 4750:(4): 459–487, 4735: 4714:10.1086/319521 4702:Am J Hum Genet 4696: 4667: 4640: 4615:(2): 181–194, 4603: 4550: 4521:10.1086/378506 4507: 4480:(6): 820–830, 4468: 4419: 4398:10.1086/423147 4392:(2): 338–345, 4375: 4348:(3): 407–409, 4336: 4296: 4294: 4291: 4289: 4288: 4274: 4263: 4249: 4235: 4195:Human Genetics 4176: 4165: 4154: 4143: 4132: 4121: 4101: 4038:(10): e76748. 4018: 4007: 3996: 3978: 3962: 3904: 3845: 3839:10.1101/191569 3824: 3767: 3755: 3750:"E-M215 YTree" 3741: 3727: 3676: 3672:Trombetta 2015 3660: 3658: 3655: 3652: 3651: 3639: 3610: 3609: 3607: 3604: 3600: 3599: 3594: 3593: 3584: 3575: 3547: 3538: 3529: 3520: 3503: 3494: 3485: 3476: 3467: 3452: 3419:Human Mutation 3408: 3407: 3402: 3401: 3399: 3398: 3393: 3387: 3386: 3383: 3382: 3378: 3377: 3375: 3370: 3365: 3362: 3361: 3356: 3354: 3349: 3347: 3342: 3337: 3332: 3329: 3328: 3326: 3319: 3317: 3309: 3307: 3297: 3289: 3286: 3285: 3277: 3275: 3266: 3258: 3255: 3254: 3247: 3239: 3232: 3225: 3218: 3216: 3209: 3203: 3201: 3195: 3189: 3187: 3181: 3175: 3172: 3171: 3162: 3155: 3153: 3147: 3141: 3138: 3137: 3132: 3127: 3124: 3123: 3118: 3113: 3110: 3109: 3104: 3099: 3096: 3095: 3089: 3081: 3072: 3065: 3062: 3061: 3056: 3051: 3049: 3044: 3039: 3036: 3035: 3030: 3025: 3022: 3021: 3016: 3011: 3008: 3007: 3002: 2995: 2992: 2991: 2986: 2979: 2976: 2975: 2969: 2962: 2959: 2958: 2952: 2945: 2942: 2941: 2934: 2929: 2926: 2925: 2921: 2920: 2901: 2899: 2892: 2887: 2884: 2883: 2875: 2874: 2867: 2860: 2852: 2845: 2842: 2840: 2839: 2834: 2829: 2824: 2819: 2814: 2809: 2804: 2799: 2794: 2789: 2784: 2779: 2774: 2769: 2764: 2761: 2756: 2751: 2745: 2743: 2740: 2738: 2737: 2732: 2727: 2722: 2717: 2712: 2707: 2702: 2697: 2692: 2687: 2682: 2677: 2671: 2669: 2666: 2664: 2661: 2660: 2659: 2658: 2657: 2656: 2655: 2649: 2648: 2647: 2646: 2645: 2644: 2643: 2642: 2641: 2640: 2639: 2633: 2623: 2612: 2611: 2610: 2609: 2608: 2603: 2597: 2586: 2585: 2584: 2579: 2574: 2564: 2554: 2543: 2542: 2541: 2540: 2539: 2533: 2527: 2521: 2520: 2519: 2487: 2486: 2485: 2484: 2483: 2482: 2481: 2480: 2479: 2478: 2477: 2474: 2468: 2465: 2464: 2463: 2462: 2461: 2458: 2455: 2449: 2443: 2442: 2441: 2438: 2432: 2431: 2430: 2429: 2428: 2425: 2419: 2416: 2407: 2406: 2405: 2404: 2403: 2394: 2382: 2363: 2362: 2361: 2360: 2359: 2358: 2357: 2356: 2355: 2354: 2353: 2345: 2334: 2333: 2332: 2327: 2312: 2311: 2310: 2305: 2300: 2288: 2282: 2271: 2251: 2233:The following 2228: 2227: 2224: 2223: 2219: 2218: 2215: 2214: 2212:E1b1b2 (M281) 2209: 2206: 2205: 2202: 2201: 2197: 2196: 2193: 2192: 2188: 2187: 2184: 2183: 2176: 2173: 2172: 2169: 2168: 2161: 2156: 2154: 2148: 2147: 2144: 2143: 2139: 2138: 2135: 2134: 2129: 2126: 2125: 2122: 2121: 2117: 2116: 2113: 2112: 2105: 2102: 2101: 2098: 2097: 2090: 2087: 2086: 2083: 2082: 2077: 2074: 2073: 2070: 2069: 2062: 2057: 2055: 2047: 2045: 2037: 2035: 2027: 2025: 2012: 2007: 2004: 1956: 1953: 1951: 1950: 1948:Capelli (2001) 1942: 1934: 1926: 1924:Karafet (2001) 1918: 1910: 1902: 1889: 1884: 1881: 1878: 1877: 1874: 1871: 1868: 1865: 1862: 1859: 1856: 1853: 1850: 1847: 1844: 1841: 1838: 1835: 1832: 1829: 1826: 1823: 1817: 1816: 1813: 1810: 1807: 1804: 1801: 1798: 1795: 1792: 1789: 1786: 1783: 1780: 1777: 1774: 1771: 1768: 1765: 1762: 1756: 1755: 1752: 1749: 1746: 1743: 1740: 1737: 1734: 1731: 1728: 1725: 1722: 1719: 1716: 1713: 1710: 1707: 1704: 1701: 1695: 1694: 1691: 1688: 1685: 1682: 1679: 1676: 1673: 1670: 1667: 1664: 1661: 1658: 1655: 1652: 1649: 1646: 1643: 1640: 1634: 1633: 1630: 1627: 1624: 1621: 1618: 1615: 1612: 1609: 1606: 1603: 1600: 1597: 1594: 1591: 1588: 1585: 1582: 1579: 1573: 1572: 1569: 1566: 1563: 1560: 1557: 1554: 1551: 1548: 1545: 1542: 1539: 1536: 1533: 1530: 1527: 1524: 1521: 1518: 1512: 1511: 1508: 1505: 1502: 1499: 1496: 1493: 1490: 1487: 1484: 1481: 1478: 1475: 1472: 1469: 1466: 1463: 1460: 1457: 1451: 1450: 1447: 1444: 1441: 1438: 1435: 1432: 1429: 1426: 1423: 1420: 1417: 1414: 1411: 1408: 1405: 1402: 1399: 1396: 1390: 1389: 1386: 1383: 1380: 1377: 1374: 1371: 1368: 1365: 1362: 1359: 1356: 1353: 1350: 1347: 1344: 1341: 1338: 1335: 1329: 1328: 1325: 1322: 1319: 1316: 1313: 1310: 1307: 1304: 1301: 1298: 1295: 1292: 1289: 1286: 1283: 1280: 1277: 1274: 1268: 1267: 1264: 1261: 1258: 1255: 1252: 1249: 1246: 1243: 1240: 1237: 1234: 1231: 1228: 1225: 1222: 1219: 1216: 1213: 1207: 1206: 1203: 1200: 1197: 1194: 1191: 1188: 1185: 1182: 1179: 1176: 1173: 1170: 1167: 1164: 1161: 1158: 1155: 1152: 1146: 1145: 1142: 1139: 1136: 1133: 1130: 1127: 1124: 1121: 1118: 1115: 1112: 1109: 1106: 1103: 1100: 1097: 1094: 1091: 1085: 1084: 1081: 1078: 1075: 1072: 1069: 1066: 1063: 1060: 1057: 1054: 1051: 1048: 1045: 1042: 1039: 1036: 1033: 1030: 1024: 1023: 1020: 1017: 1014: 1011: 1008: 1005: 1002: 999: 996: 993: 990: 987: 984: 981: 978: 975: 972: 969: 963: 962: 959: 956: 953: 950: 947: 944: 941: 938: 935: 932: 929: 926: 923: 920: 917: 914: 911: 908: 902: 901: 898: 895: 892: 889: 886: 883: 880: 877: 874: 871: 868: 865: 862: 859: 856: 853: 850: 847: 841: 840: 837: 834: 831: 828: 825: 822: 819: 816: 813: 810: 807: 804: 801: 798: 795: 792: 789: 786: 780: 779: 776: 773: 770: 767: 764: 761: 758: 755: 752: 749: 746: 743: 740: 737: 734: 731: 728: 725: 719: 718: 715: 712: 709: 706: 703: 700: 697: 694: 691: 688: 685: 682: 679: 676: 673: 670: 667: 664: 658: 657: 654: 651: 648: 645: 642: 639: 636: 633: 630: 627: 624: 621: 618: 615: 612: 609: 606: 603: 597: 596: 593: 590: 587: 584: 581: 578: 575: 572: 569: 566: 563: 560: 557: 554: 551: 548: 545: 542: 536: 535: 530: 525: 520: 515: 510: 505: 500: 495: 490: 485: 480: 475: 470: 465: 460: 455: 450: 445: 429:Main article: 426: 423: 421: 418: 410:Main article: 407: 404: 396:Main article: 393: 390: 388: 385: 363: 360: 293:Horn of Africa 288: 285: 276:Iberomaurusian 269:Canary Islands 253:North Africans 241:Iberomaurusian 218:Basal Eurasian 199: 196: 179: 176: 156:Horn of Africa 127: 126: 123: 119: 118: 116: 115: 112: 106: 104: 100: 99: 94: 90: 89: 84: 80: 79: 76: 72: 71: 68: 64: 63: 60: 52: 51: 49: 48: 45: 41: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8100: 8089: 8086: 8085: 8083: 8071: 8067: 8063: 8059: 8055: 8054:10.1038/81685 8051: 8047: 8043: 8038: 8034: 8030: 8025: 8020: 8016: 8012: 8008: 8004: 8000: 7995: 7992: 7988: 7984: 7980: 7976: 7972: 7968: 7964: 7959: 7955: 7951: 7946: 7941: 7936: 7931: 7927: 7923: 7919: 7914: 7910: 7906: 7902: 7898: 7893: 7888: 7885:(2): 97–104. 7884: 7880: 7876: 7871: 7867: 7863: 7858: 7853: 7849: 7845: 7841: 7836: 7832: 7828: 7823: 7818: 7814: 7810: 7806: 7802: 7798: 7793: 7792: 7781: 7777: 7772: 7767: 7763: 7759: 7755: 7751: 7746: 7742: 7737: 7734: 7730: 7725: 7720: 7716: 7712: 7708: 7704: 7698: 7695: 7691: 7686: 7681: 7677: 7673: 7669: 7665: 7659: 7656: 7652: 7647: 7642: 7638: 7634: 7630: 7625: 7622: 7618: 7613: 7608: 7604: 7600: 7595: 7592: 7588: 7583: 7578: 7574: 7570: 7566: 7562: 7557: 7553:on 2005-10-29 7549: 7545: 7541: 7536: 7531: 7527: 7520: 7515: 7512: 7508: 7504: 7500: 7496: 7492: 7487: 7484: 7478: 7474: 7469: 7466: 7462: 7458: 7454: 7449: 7444: 7440: 7439:Ann Hum Genet 7434: 7431: 7427: 7423: 7419: 7415: 7414:10.1038/81685 7411: 7407: 7401: 7397: 7393: 7389: 7385: 7380: 7375: 7371: 7367: 7363: 7359: 7355: 7351: 7347: 7343: 7339: 7334: 7331: 7327: 7322: 7317: 7312: 7307: 7303: 7299: 7296:(1): e16073, 7295: 7291: 7285: 7282:on 2009-03-05 7278: 7274: 7270: 7265: 7260: 7256: 7252: 7248: 7244: 7237: 7232: 7229:on 2011-10-10 7228: 7224: 7220: 7215: 7210: 7206: 7202: 7201:Mol Biol Evol 7198: 7193: 7190: 7184: 7180: 7179: 7173: 7170: 7166: 7161: 7156: 7152: 7148: 7144: 7140: 7136: 7132: 7128: 7124: 7118: 7115: 7111: 7106: 7101: 7096: 7091: 7087: 7083: 7079: 7075: 7069: 7066:on 2012-10-18 7065: 7061: 7057: 7053: 7049: 7045: 7041: 7037: 7033: 7029: 7024: 7015:on 2009-03-05 7011: 7007: 7003: 6999: 6995: 6991: 6987: 6983: 6976: 6971: 6968: 6964: 6959: 6954: 6950: 6946: 6942: 6941: 6934: 6931:on 2006-03-15 6927: 6923: 6919: 6914: 6909: 6905: 6901: 6897: 6890: 6885: 6881:on 2003-11-25 6877: 6873: 6869: 6865: 6861: 6857: 6853: 6849: 6842: 6837: 6828:on 2012-12-17 6824: 6820: 6816: 6812: 6808: 6803: 6798: 6794: 6790: 6783: 6778: 6774: 6770: 6765: 6760: 6756: 6752: 6747: 6744:on 2008-05-06 6743: 6739: 6735: 6730: 6725: 6721: 6717: 6713: 6709: 6708: 6703: 6698: 6695: 6691: 6686: 6681: 6676: 6671: 6667: 6663: 6659: 6655: 6650: 6647: 6643: 6639: 6635: 6631: 6627: 6623: 6619: 6613: 6610: 6606: 6602: 6598: 6594: 6590: 6586: 6582: 6577: 6574: 6570: 6565: 6560: 6556: 6552: 6547: 6545: 6541: 6536: 6532: 6528: 6523: 6518: 6514: 6510: 6505: 6502:on 2013-05-28 6498: 6494: 6490: 6485: 6480: 6476: 6472: 6468: 6464: 6457: 6452: 6449: 6445: 6441: 6437: 6431: 6428: 6424: 6419: 6414: 6410: 6406: 6402: 6398: 6393: 6390: 6386: 6382: 6378: 6374: 6370: 6363: 6358: 6355: 6351: 6346: 6341: 6337: 6333: 6329: 6325: 6324: 6318: 6315: 6311: 6306: 6301: 6296: 6291: 6287: 6283: 6279: 6275: 6269: 6266: 6262: 6258: 6254: 6249: 6244: 6240: 6236: 6230: 6226: 6222: 6218: 6214: 6210: 6206: 6201: 6196: 6192: 6188: 6182: 6179: 6174:on 2012-02-16 6170: 6166: 6162: 6157: 6152: 6148: 6144: 6140: 6136: 6135: 6127: 6122: 6113:on 2016-05-06 6109: 6105: 6101: 6094: 6089: 6086: 6082: 6077: 6072: 6067: 6062: 6058: 6054: 6050: 6046: 6040: 6037: 6033: 6029: 6025: 6021: 6017: 6012: 6009: 6005: 6001: 5997: 5993: 5989: 5984: 5981:on 2009-03-05 5977: 5973: 5969: 5965: 5961: 5957: 5953: 5949: 5945: 5938: 5933: 5930: 5926: 5922: 5918: 5914: 5910: 5906: 5901: 5898: 5892: 5888: 5884: 5879: 5877: 5872: 5868: 5863: 5858: 5854: 5850: 5846: 5842: 5838: 5833: 5830: 5826: 5822: 5818: 5814: 5810: 5809:Trends Genet. 5805: 5802:(ISOGG), 2011 5801: 5797: 5796: 5791: 5788: 5784: 5780: 5775: 5771: 5766: 5761: 5756: 5751: 5747: 5743: 5739: 5735: 5729: 5726:on 2009-03-04 5722: 5718: 5714: 5710: 5706: 5703:(3): 316–23, 5702: 5698: 5691: 5686: 5683: 5679: 5674: 5669: 5665: 5661: 5657: 5653: 5652: 5646: 5643: 5639: 5635: 5631: 5626: 5625:10400.13/3018 5621: 5617: 5613: 5609: 5605: 5601: 5596: 5593: 5589: 5585: 5581: 5577: 5573: 5569: 5565: 5564:Human Biology 5561: 5556: 5553: 5549: 5544: 5539: 5534: 5529: 5525: 5521: 5517: 5513: 5507: 5504: 5500: 5496: 5492: 5488: 5484: 5478: 5475: 5471: 5466: 5461: 5457: 5453: 5447: 5444: 5440: 5436: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5418: 5414: 5408: 5405: 5401: 5396: 5391: 5387: 5383: 5379: 5375: 5369: 5366: 5362: 5357: 5352: 5348: 5344: 5340: 5336: 5330: 5327: 5323: 5319: 5315: 5311: 5307: 5303: 5299: 5294: 5285:on 2016-10-19 5281: 5277: 5271: 5267: 5263: 5259: 5252: 5247: 5244: 5240: 5235: 5230: 5226: 5222: 5218: 5214: 5209: 5206: 5200: 5196: 5192: 5187: 5182: 5178: 5174: 5170: 5165: 5162: 5158: 5154: 5150: 5145: 5140: 5136: 5132: 5126: 5117:on 2008-06-26 5113: 5109: 5105: 5100: 5095: 5091: 5087: 5083: 5079: 5078: 5070: 5065: 5062: 5058: 5053: 5048: 5044: 5040: 5036: 5032: 5031: 5024: 5021: 5017: 5012: 5007: 5002: 4997: 4993: 4989: 4985: 4981: 4975: 4972: 4968: 4964: 4960: 4956: 4952: 4949:(2): 127–48, 4948: 4944: 4938: 4935: 4931: 4926: 4921: 4917: 4913: 4909: 4905: 4899: 4896: 4892: 4888: 4884: 4880: 4876: 4872: 4868: 4863: 4861: 4857: 4853: 4848: 4843: 4838: 4833: 4829: 4825: 4821: 4817: 4811: 4808: 4804: 4799: 4794: 4790: 4786: 4781: 4778:on 2012-12-10 4777: 4773: 4769: 4765: 4761: 4757: 4753: 4749: 4745: 4741: 4736: 4733: 4729: 4724: 4719: 4715: 4711: 4707: 4703: 4697: 4693: 4688: 4684: 4680: 4673: 4668: 4659:on 2016-04-22 4658: 4654: 4650: 4646: 4641: 4638: 4634: 4630: 4626: 4622: 4618: 4614: 4610: 4604: 4595:on 2011-11-10 4591: 4587: 4583: 4579: 4575: 4571: 4567: 4563: 4556: 4551: 4549: 4545: 4540: 4536: 4531: 4526: 4522: 4518: 4514: 4508: 4505: 4501: 4496: 4491: 4487: 4483: 4479: 4475: 4469: 4466: 4462: 4457: 4452: 4447: 4442: 4438: 4434: 4430: 4426: 4420: 4417: 4413: 4408: 4403: 4399: 4395: 4391: 4387: 4386: 4381: 4380:Paracchini, S 4376: 4373: 4369: 4365: 4361: 4356: 4351: 4347: 4343: 4337: 4334: 4330: 4325: 4320: 4316: 4312: 4309:(6): 725–36, 4308: 4304: 4298: 4297: 4283: 4281: 4279: 4272: 4267: 4261: 4256: 4254: 4247: 4242: 4240: 4224: 4220: 4216: 4212: 4208: 4204: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4185: 4183: 4181: 4174: 4169: 4163: 4158: 4152: 4147: 4141: 4136: 4130: 4125: 4118: 4114: 4110: 4105: 4097: 4093: 4089: 4085: 4080: 4075: 4071: 4067: 4063: 4059: 4054: 4049: 4045: 4041: 4037: 4033: 4029: 4022: 4016: 4011: 4005: 4000: 3994: 3989: 3987: 3985: 3983: 3976: 3971: 3969: 3967: 3958: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3941: 3936: 3932: 3928: 3924: 3920: 3916: 3908: 3900: 3896: 3891: 3886: 3881: 3876: 3872: 3868: 3864: 3860: 3856: 3849: 3840: 3835: 3828: 3820: 3816: 3811: 3806: 3802: 3798: 3794: 3790: 3786: 3782: 3778: 3771: 3764: 3759: 3751: 3745: 3739: 3734: 3732: 3723: 3719: 3714: 3709: 3704: 3699: 3695: 3691: 3687: 3680: 3673: 3668: 3666: 3661: 3649: 3643: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3624: 3620: 3615: 3611: 3588: 3579: 3572: 3570: 3565: 3563: 3558: 3551: 3542: 3533: 3524: 3517: 3513: 3507: 3498: 3489: 3480: 3471: 3464: 3463: 3456: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3436: 3432: 3428: 3425:(2): 187–91. 3424: 3420: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3397: 3394: 3392: 3389: 3388: 3384: 3376: 3374: 3369: 3363: 3360: 3353: 3346: 3341: 3336: 3330: 3324: 3318: 3316: 3314: 3303: 3294: 3287: 3282: 3272: 3263: 3256: 3252: 3246: 3244: 3237: 3230: 3223: 3214: 3208: 3207: 3199: 3194: 3193: 3185: 3180: 3179: 3173: 3168: 3160: 3151: 3146: 3145: 3139: 3136: 3131: 3125: 3122: 3117: 3111: 3108: 3103: 3097: 3094: 3087: 3078: 3070: 3063: 3060: 3055: 3048: 3043: 3037: 3034: 3029: 3023: 3020: 3015: 3009: 3006: 3000: 2993: 2990: 2984: 2977: 2973: 2967: 2960: 2956: 2950: 2943: 2939: 2932: 2927: 2917: 2914:February 2021 2905: 2900: 2891: 2890: 2885: 2881: 2873: 2868: 2866: 2861: 2859: 2854: 2853: 2850: 2838: 2835: 2833: 2830: 2828: 2825: 2823: 2820: 2818: 2815: 2813: 2810: 2808: 2805: 2803: 2800: 2798: 2795: 2793: 2790: 2788: 2785: 2783: 2780: 2778: 2775: 2773: 2770: 2768: 2765: 2762: 2760: 2757: 2755: 2752: 2750: 2747: 2746: 2736: 2733: 2731: 2728: 2726: 2723: 2721: 2718: 2716: 2713: 2711: 2708: 2706: 2703: 2701: 2698: 2696: 2693: 2691: 2690:Haplogroup DE 2688: 2686: 2683: 2681: 2678: 2676: 2673: 2672: 2653: 2650: 2637: 2634: 2632: 2629: 2628: 2627: 2624: 2621: 2618: 2617: 2616: 2613: 2607: 2604: 2601: 2598: 2596: 2593: 2592: 2590: 2587: 2583: 2580: 2578: 2575: 2573: 2570: 2569: 2568: 2565: 2563: 2560: 2559: 2558: 2555: 2553: 2550: 2549: 2547: 2544: 2537: 2534: 2531: 2528: 2525: 2522: 2517: 2514: 2513: 2511: 2508: 2507: 2505: 2502: 2501: 2499: 2498: 2494: 2493: 2491: 2488: 2475: 2472: 2471: 2469: 2466: 2459: 2456: 2453: 2452: 2450: 2447: 2446: 2444: 2439: 2436: 2435: 2433: 2426: 2423: 2422: 2420: 2417: 2414: 2413: 2411: 2410: 2408: 2401: 2400: 2398: 2397: 2395: 2392: 2391: 2389: 2388: 2386: 2383: 2381: 2378: 2377: 2375: 2372: 2371: 2369: 2368: 2364: 2351: 2350: 2349: 2346: 2343: 2340: 2339: 2338: 2335: 2331: 2328: 2326: 2323: 2322: 2321: 2318: 2317: 2316: 2313: 2309: 2306: 2304: 2301: 2298: 2295: 2294: 2292: 2289: 2286: 2283: 2281: 2278: 2277: 2275: 2272: 2269: 2266: 2265: 2263: 2262: 2258: 2257: 2255: 2252: 2249: 2246: 2245: 2243: 2240: 2239: 2238: 2236: 2226: 2225: 2217: 2216: 2213: 2208: 2207: 2204: 2203: 2195: 2194: 2186: 2185: 2182: 2181: 2175: 2174: 2171: 2170: 2167: 2166: 2160: 2159: 2153: 2150: 2149: 2146: 2145: 2137: 2136: 2133: 2128: 2127: 2124: 2123: 2115: 2114: 2111: 2110: 2104: 2103: 2100: 2099: 2096: 2095: 2089: 2088: 2085: 2084: 2081: 2076: 2075: 2072: 2071: 2068: 2067: 2061: 2060: 2054: 2051: 2050: 2044: 2041: 2040: 2034: 2031: 2030: 2023: 2019: 2016: 2015: 2011: 2003: 2001: 1997: 1996:haplogroup DE 1993: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1974:(E-M215) and 1973: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1949: 1946: 1943: 1941: 1938: 1935: 1933: 1932:Semino (2000) 1930: 1927: 1925: 1922: 1919: 1917: 1916:Hammer (2001) 1914: 1911: 1909: 1906: 1903: 1901: 1897: 1894: 1891: 1890: 1888: 1876:E1b1b1b2a1a1 1875: 1872: 1869: 1866: 1863: 1860: 1857: 1854: 1851: 1848: 1845: 1842: 1839: 1836: 1833: 1830: 1827: 1824: 1822: 1819: 1818: 1814: 1811: 1808: 1805: 1802: 1799: 1796: 1793: 1790: 1787: 1784: 1781: 1778: 1775: 1772: 1769: 1766: 1763: 1761: 1758: 1757: 1753: 1750: 1747: 1744: 1741: 1738: 1735: 1732: 1729: 1726: 1723: 1720: 1717: 1714: 1711: 1708: 1705: 1702: 1700: 1697: 1696: 1692: 1689: 1686: 1683: 1680: 1677: 1674: 1671: 1668: 1665: 1662: 1659: 1656: 1653: 1650: 1647: 1644: 1641: 1639: 1636: 1635: 1631: 1628: 1625: 1622: 1619: 1616: 1613: 1610: 1607: 1604: 1601: 1598: 1595: 1592: 1589: 1586: 1583: 1580: 1578: 1575: 1574: 1570: 1567: 1564: 1561: 1558: 1555: 1552: 1549: 1546: 1543: 1540: 1537: 1534: 1531: 1528: 1525: 1522: 1519: 1517: 1514: 1513: 1509: 1506: 1503: 1500: 1497: 1494: 1491: 1488: 1485: 1482: 1479: 1476: 1473: 1470: 1467: 1464: 1461: 1458: 1456: 1453: 1452: 1448: 1445: 1442: 1439: 1436: 1433: 1430: 1427: 1424: 1421: 1418: 1415: 1412: 1409: 1406: 1403: 1400: 1397: 1395: 1392: 1391: 1387: 1384: 1381: 1378: 1375: 1372: 1369: 1366: 1363: 1360: 1357: 1354: 1351: 1348: 1345: 1342: 1339: 1336: 1334: 1331: 1330: 1326: 1323: 1320: 1317: 1314: 1311: 1308: 1305: 1302: 1299: 1296: 1293: 1290: 1287: 1284: 1281: 1278: 1275: 1273: 1270: 1269: 1265: 1262: 1259: 1256: 1253: 1250: 1247: 1244: 1241: 1238: 1235: 1232: 1229: 1226: 1223: 1220: 1217: 1214: 1212: 1209: 1208: 1204: 1201: 1198: 1195: 1192: 1189: 1186: 1183: 1180: 1177: 1174: 1171: 1168: 1165: 1162: 1159: 1156: 1153: 1151: 1148: 1147: 1143: 1140: 1137: 1134: 1131: 1128: 1125: 1122: 1119: 1116: 1113: 1110: 1107: 1104: 1101: 1098: 1095: 1092: 1090: 1087: 1086: 1082: 1079: 1076: 1073: 1070: 1067: 1064: 1061: 1058: 1055: 1052: 1049: 1046: 1043: 1040: 1037: 1034: 1031: 1029: 1026: 1025: 1021: 1018: 1015: 1012: 1009: 1006: 1003: 1000: 997: 994: 991: 988: 985: 982: 979: 976: 973: 970: 968: 965: 964: 960: 957: 954: 951: 948: 945: 942: 939: 936: 933: 930: 927: 924: 921: 918: 915: 912: 909: 907: 904: 903: 899: 896: 893: 890: 887: 884: 881: 878: 875: 872: 869: 866: 863: 860: 857: 854: 851: 848: 846: 843: 842: 838: 835: 832: 829: 826: 823: 820: 817: 814: 811: 808: 805: 802: 799: 796: 793: 790: 787: 785: 782: 781: 777: 774: 771: 768: 765: 762: 759: 756: 753: 750: 747: 744: 741: 738: 735: 732: 729: 726: 724: 721: 720: 716: 713: 710: 707: 704: 701: 698: 695: 692: 689: 686: 683: 680: 677: 674: 671: 668: 665: 663: 660: 659: 655: 652: 649: 646: 643: 640: 637: 634: 631: 628: 625: 622: 619: 616: 613: 610: 607: 604: 602: 599: 598: 594: 591: 588: 585: 582: 579: 576: 573: 570: 567: 564: 561: 558: 555: 552: 549: 546: 543: 541: 538: 537: 534: 529: 524: 519: 514: 509: 504: 499: 494: 489: 484: 479: 474: 469: 464: 459: 454: 449: 444: 440: 437: 432: 420:Phylogenetics 417: 413: 403: 399: 384: 382: 378: 374: 370: 359: 357: 353: 349: 345: 341: 336: 332: 330: 326: 322: 321:Mediterranean 318: 314: 310: 306: 302: 298: 294: 284: 281: 277: 272: 270: 266: 262: 258: 254: 250: 246: 242: 238: 234: 230: 226: 221: 219: 214: 209: 205: 191: 187: 185: 175: 173: 169: 165: 161: 157: 153: 149: 145: 142:, is a major 141: 137: 133: 124: 120: 113: 111: 108: 107: 105: 101: 98: 95: 91: 88: 85: 81: 77: 73: 69: 65: 58: 53: 46: 43: 42: 38: 33: 19: 8045: 8041: 8006: 8002: 7966: 7962: 7925: 7921: 7882: 7878: 7847: 7843: 7804: 7800: 7753: 7749: 7740: 7706: 7702: 7667: 7663: 7628: 7602: 7598: 7564: 7548:the original 7525: 7494: 7490: 7472: 7438: 7405: 7345: 7341: 7293: 7289: 7277:the original 7246: 7242: 7227:the original 7204: 7200: 7177: 7129:(1): 15941, 7126: 7122: 7080:(5): e2105, 7077: 7073: 7064:the original 7035: 7031: 7017:, retrieved 7010:the original 6981: 6938: 6926:the original 6895: 6876:the original 6847: 6830:, retrieved 6823:the original 6792: 6788: 6754: 6750: 6742:the original 6711: 6705: 6657: 6653: 6624:(3): 251–5, 6621: 6617: 6584: 6580: 6554: 6550: 6535:the original 6512: 6497:the original 6466: 6462: 6439: 6435: 6400: 6396: 6375:(1): 23–35, 6372: 6368: 6327: 6321: 6277: 6273: 6238: 6234: 6190: 6186: 6176:. (Also see 6169:the original 6138: 6132: 6115:, retrieved 6108:the original 6103: 6099: 6048: 6044: 6019: 6015: 5991: 5987: 5976:the original 5947: 5943: 5912: 5908: 5886: 5847:(5): 830–8, 5844: 5840: 5812: 5808: 5794: 5737: 5733: 5721:the original 5700: 5696: 5655: 5649: 5607: 5603: 5567: 5563: 5515: 5511: 5486: 5482: 5455: 5451: 5416: 5412: 5377: 5373: 5338: 5334: 5301: 5297: 5287:, retrieved 5280:the original 5257: 5219:(1): 91–99, 5216: 5212: 5199:the original 5176: 5172: 5137:(8): 831–2, 5134: 5130: 5119:, retrieved 5112:the original 5081: 5075: 5034: 5028: 4986:(1): e1430, 4983: 4979: 4946: 4942: 4907: 4903: 4870: 4866: 4819: 4815: 4788: 4784: 4776:the original 4747: 4743: 4705: 4701: 4682: 4678: 4661:, retrieved 4657:the original 4652: 4648: 4612: 4608: 4597:, retrieved 4590:the original 4561: 4512: 4477: 4473: 4428: 4424: 4389: 4383: 4345: 4341: 4306: 4302: 4301:Peninsula", 4293:Bibliography 4271:ISOGG (2011) 4266: 4226:. Retrieved 4201:(6): 492–7. 4198: 4194: 4168: 4157: 4146: 4135: 4124: 4117:Keita (2008) 4104: 4035: 4031: 4021: 4010: 3999: 3922: 3918: 3907: 3862: 3858: 3848: 3827: 3784: 3780: 3770: 3758: 3744: 3693: 3689: 3679: 3642: 3614: 3587: 3578: 3568: 3561: 3556: 3550: 3541: 3532: 3523: 3506: 3497: 3488: 3479: 3470: 3461: 3455: 3422: 3418: 3412: 3403: 3268: 3211: 2911: 2903: 2685:Haplogroup D 2652:E-V16/E-M281 2651: 2635: 2630: 2625: 2619: 2614: 2605: 2599: 2594: 2588: 2581: 2576: 2571: 2566: 2561: 2556: 2551: 2545: 2535: 2529: 2523: 2515: 2509: 2503: 2495: 2489: 2384: 2379: 2373: 2365: 2347: 2341: 2336: 2329: 2324: 2319: 2314: 2307: 2302: 2296: 2290: 2284: 2279: 2273: 2267: 2259: 2253: 2247: 2241: 2232: 2211: 2178: 2163: 2131: 2107: 2092: 2079: 2064: 2021: 2017: 2009: 1992:haplogroup E 1975: 1971: 1963: 1959: 1958: 1944: 1936: 1928: 1920: 1912: 1904: 1892: 1886: 1693:E1b1b1b1a2a 1205:E1b1a1a1g1c 532: 527: 522: 517: 512: 507: 502: 497: 492: 487: 482: 477: 472: 467: 462: 457: 452: 447: 442: 434: 415: 401: 365: 337: 333: 313:Western Asia 309:South Africa 297:North Africa 290: 287:Distribution 273: 261:Gran Canaria 222: 201: 181: 152:North Africa 139: 135: 131: 130: 7756:(1): 1–14, 6557:: 439–441, 6397:J Med Genet 5915:: 221–246, 5452:J Hum Genet 5260:: 123–146, 4791:(3): 1–13, 4562:Hum. Genet. 2538:(L791,L792) 2396:E-CTS12227 1980:haplogroups 1815:E1b1b1b2a1 1632:E1b1b1b1a1 1510:E1b1b1a1c1 1202:E1b1a1a1g1c 233:New Kingdom 198:Ancient DNA 184:East Africa 160:Middle East 103:Descendants 87:East Africa 40:Haplogroup 7497:: 539–64, 7370:5854174538 7181:, Bantam, 7019:2008-11-07 6832:2009-03-01 6660:(1): 124, 6280:(1): 213, 6117:2009-06-26 5518:(1): 181, 5289:2013-01-26 5121:2008-05-17 4685:(1): 1–8, 4663:2008-11-07 4599:2009-09-11 4542:. Also at 4286:ISOGG 2015 4228:6 February 4070:5534533323 3890:2164/13526 3657:References 2695:Haplogroup 2374:E-V257/L19 2370:(E1b1b1b) 2264:(E1b1b1a) 1955:Discussion 1873:E1b1b1c1a1 1870:E1b1b1c1a1 1867:E1b1b1c1a1 1864:E1b1b1c1a1 1855:E1b1b1c1a1 1754:E1b1b1b2a 1672:E1b1b1b1b1 1571:E1b1b1b1a 1507:E1b1b1a1c1 1489:E1b1b1a1c1 1327:E1b1a1a1e 1266:E1b1a1a1d 1144:E1b1a1a1c 1022:E1b1a1a1a 533:ISOGG 2012 528:ISOGG 2011 523:ISOGG 2010 518:ISOGG 2009 513:ISOGG 2008 508:ISOGG 2007 503:ISOGG 2006 7406:Nat Genet 7362:1759-6653 7151:2045-2322 6797:CiteSeerX 6581:Hum Hered 6257:1018-4813 6195:CiteSeerX 6008:160359661 5988:Antiquity 5929:163020672 5203:Also see 4943:Hum Genet 4062:1932-6203 3957:206666517 3787:: 15694. 3623:paragroup 3569:PhyloTree 3404:Footnotes 2715:Paragroup 2700:Haplotype 2451:E-PF6789 2448:E-PF6794* 2445:E-PF6794 2393:E-PF2546* 2390:E-PF2546 2256:(E1b1b1) 1940:Su (1999) 1852:E1b1b1c1a 1690:E1b1b1b2a 1687:E1b1b1b2a 1684:E1b1b1b2a 1681:E1b1b1b2a 1629:E1b1b1b1a 1611:E1b1b1b1a 1504:E1b1b1a3a 1501:E1b1b1a3a 1498:E1b1b1a3a 1486:E1b1b1a3a 1449:E1b1b1a1 1324:E1b1a1a1e 1263:E1b1a1a1d 1141:E1b1a1a1c 1019:E1b1a1a1a 387:Subclades 352:Ashkenazi 237:Roman era 78:34,800 BP 8082:Category 8070:12893406 8062:11062480 8033:10577926 7991:11073453 7954:11481588 7909:21432405 7901:11313742 7866:11420360 7831:11170891 7780:19058044 7733:18976729 7694:18374297 7655:11827954 7621:15856073 7591:14504230 7565:Genetics 7544:12082121 7511:18076332 7457:11415522 7430:12893406 7422:11062480 7396:16352575 7388:26108492 7330:21253605 7290:PLOS ONE 7273:17002951 7223:17656633 7169:29162904 7114:18461126 7074:PLOS ONE 7060:23778828 7052:17039481 6998:15300852 6967:15069642 6922:11719903 6872:11073453 6819:11543889 6773:15756297 6738:11078479 6694:17662131 6646:11556974 6638:17909833 6601:16770078 6573:85134429 6531:15944443 6493:20234393 6427:14627670 6389:15896936 6354:11573163 6314:18644108 6265:17264870 6225:40355653 6217:12914567 6165:14973781 6085:22042855 6036:19425100 5972:22406638 5964:18269686 5871:18385274 5829:10904265 5774:18678889 5717:18618658 5682:12930755 5651:Genetics 5634:15996172 5592:13347549 5584:17216803 5552:19650893 5503:12772214 5474:16142507 5443:16765118 5435:15280900 5404:17047675 5365:19686289 5318:15576591 5243:18685561 5195:17351267 5161:26886757 5153:16835895 5108:15042509 5061:11910562 5020:18183308 4980:PLOS ONE 4971:10763736 4963:14586639 4934:19156170 4887:19430804 4859:also at 4856:12781138 4807:17928816 4772:23156886 4764:16759179 4732:11254456 4629:16626329 4586:10310338 4578:14740294 4539:13680527 4504:19107149 4465:23382925 4425:PLOS ONE 4416:15202071 4364:19213004 4333:19061982 4223:13960753 4215:15503146 4096:16455960 4088:24204668 4032:PLOS ONE 3949:29545507 3899:29107554 3819:28556824 3722:31196864 3690:Genetics 3566:, and; 3557:op. cit. 3447:23291764 3439:24166809 3077:F-Y27277 2720:Subclade 2668:Genetics 2663:See also 2631:E-V1785* 2606:E-V3065* 2572:E-V2881* 2562:E-V1486* 2552:E-V1515* 2434:E-A2227 2424:E-Z5013* 2421:E-Z5013 2415:E-Z5009* 2412:E-Z5009 2380:E-PF2431 2352:E-CTS194 2297:E-V1083* 2244:(E1b1b) 2132:E-V2729 2024:) 1984:subclade 1812:E1b1b1c1 1809:E1b1b1c1 1806:E1b1b1c1 1803:E1b1b1c1 1794:E1b1b1c1 1791:E1b1b1c1 1669:E1b1b1b2 1626:E1b1b1b1 1623:E1b1b1b1 1620:E1b1b1b1 1608:E1b1b1b1 1568:E1b1b1b1 1550:E1b1b1b1 1446:E1b1b1a1 1428:E1b1b1a1 1388:removed 1083:removed 1028:E-M116.2 356:Sephardi 329:Ethiopia 323:and the 280:Taforalt 265:Tenerife 243:site of 235:and the 204:Natufian 172:Ethiopia 154:and the 93:Ancestor 8024:1288383 7971:Bibcode 7963:Science 7945:1235490 7822:1235276 7771:2755252 7724:2668035 7685:2427286 7582:1462739 7465:9441236 7379:4524485 7321:3017091 7298:Bibcode 7264:1635457 7160:5698413 7131:Bibcode 7105:2324201 7082:Bibcode 7006:1571356 6958:1181965 6852:Bibcode 6848:Science 6729:1287948 6685:1976131 6662:Bibcode 6609:7017701 6484:2987384 6418:1735314 6345:1274378 6305:2492877 6282:Bibcode 6156:1182266 6076:3215063 6053:Bibcode 5862:2336805 5765:2504844 5742:Bibcode 5673:1462677 5642:3229760 5543:2728732 5520:Bibcode 5395:2588664 5356:3312577 5326:8057990 5298:Science 5234:2985948 5099:1181964 5011:2174525 4988:Bibcode 4925:2947089 4895:5657112 4824:Bibcode 4723:1275654 4637:4652154 4530:1180600 4495:2947100 4456:3559847 4433:Bibcode 4407:1216069 4372:7041905 4324:2668061 4079:3799995 4040:Bibcode 3927:Bibcode 3919:Science 3867:Bibcode 3834:bioRxiv 3810:5459999 3789:Bibcode 3713:6707464 3281:K-M2313 3274: 3215: 3200: 3186: 3170: 3161: 3152: 2974: 2957: 2904:updated 2626:E-V1785 2615:E-V1700 2595:E-M293* 2591:(M293) 2577:E-V1792 2567:E-V2881 2557:E-V1486 2546:E-V1515 2500:(M123) 2427:E-A1152 2418:E-Z5010 2409:E-A929 2399:E-MZ11 2315:E-V1129 2291:E-V1083 2285:E-V1477 2268:E-V2009 2248:E-M215* 2020: ( 1990:within 1861:E3b1c1a 1858:E3b1c1a 1751:E1b1b1c 1748:E1b1b1c 1745:E1b1b1c 1742:E1b1b1c 1733:E1b1b1c 1730:E1b1b1c 1565:E1b1b1b 1562:E1b1b1b 1559:E1b1b1b 1547:E1b1b1b 1495:E3b1a3a 1492:E3b1a3a 1443:E1b1b1a 1440:E1b1b1a 1437:E1b1b1a 1425:E1b1b1a 1385:removed 1080:removed 961:E1b1a1 381:J*(xJ2) 325:Balkans 305:Morocco 301:Somalia 267:on the 257:Guanche 249:Morocco 178:Origins 32:PRR E3b 8068: 8060: 8031: 8021: 7989: 7952: 7942: 7907: 7899: 7864: 7829: 7819: 7778: 7768: 7731: 7721: 7692: 7682: 7653: 7646:155271 7643: 7619: 7589: 7579: 7542: 7509: 7479: 7463: 7455: 7428: 7420: 7394: 7386: 7376: 7368: 7360: 7328: 7318: 7271: 7261: 7221: 7185: 7167: 7157: 7149: 7112: 7102: 7058: 7050: 7004: 6996: 6965: 6955: 6920: 6913:384897 6910: 6870: 6817: 6799: 6771: 6736: 6726: 6692: 6682: 6644: 6636: 6607: 6599: 6571: 6529: 6491: 6481: 6425: 6415: 6387: 6352: 6342: 6312: 6302: 6263: 6255: 6223: 6215: 6197: 6178:Errata 6163: 6153: 6083: 6073: 6034: 6006: 5970: 5962: 5927: 5893: 5869: 5859: 5827: 5777:. See 5772: 5762: 5715: 5680: 5670: 5640: 5632: 5590: 5582: 5550: 5540: 5501: 5472: 5441: 5433: 5402: 5392: 5363: 5353: 5324: 5316: 5272: 5241: 5231: 5193: 5159: 5151: 5106: 5096: 5059: 5052:447595 5049: 5018: 5008: 4969: 4961: 4932: 4922: 4893: 4885: 4854: 4805: 4770: 4762: 4730: 4720: 4635: 4627: 4584: 4576: 4537: 4527: 4502: 4492: 4463: 4453: 4414: 4404: 4370: 4362: 4331: 4321: 4221: 4213: 4094: 4086: 4076: 4068: 4060: 3955: 3947: 3897: 3836: 3817: 3807: 3720: 3710: 3516:K-M526 3445: 3437: 3304: 3300: 3295: 3283: 3264: 3091: 3083: 3079: 3074: 2589:E-M293 2536:E-L791 2526:(M290) 2524:E-M290 2518:(M136) 2516:E-M136 2512:(M84) 2506:(M34) 2497:E-M123 2490:E-Z830 2476:E-L351 2473:E-A601 2467:E-A930 2460:E-MZ80 2457:E-MZ23 2454:E-MZ21 2440:E-MZ16 2437:E-A428 2402:E-MZ12 2387:(M81) 2367:E-Z827 2342:E-V259 2337:E-V264 2325:E-V12* 2280:E-M78* 2242:E-M215 2180:E-M123 2080:E-V65 1988:clades 1964:E1b1b1 1960:E-M215 1849:E3b3a1 1821:E-M136 1800:E3b1c1 1797:E3b1c1 1785:E3b3a* 1699:E-M123 1678:E3b1b2 1675:E3b1b2 1638:E-M165 1617:E3b1b1 1614:E3b1b1 1577:E-M107 1455:E-M148 1382:E1b1b1 1379:E1b1b1 1376:E1b1b1 1367:E1b1b1 1364:E1b1b1 1321:E1b1a6 1318:E1b1a6 1315:E1b1a6 1306:E1b1a6 1303:E1b1a6 1260:E1b1a5 1257:E1b1a5 1254:E1b1a5 1245:E1b1a5 1242:E1b1a5 1211:E-M155 1199:E1b1a4 1196:E1b1a4 1193:E1b1a4 1184:E1b1a4 1181:E1b1a4 1150:E-M154 1138:E1b1a3 1135:E1b1a3 1132:E1b1a3 1123:E1b1a3 1120:E1b1a3 1089:E-M149 1077:E1ba12 1074:E1b1a2 1071:E1b1a2 1062:E1b1a2 1059:E1b1a2 1016:E1b1a1 1013:E1b1a1 1010:E1b1a1 1001:E1b1a1 998:E1b1a1 958:E1b1a1 406:E-M281 379:, and 377:K*(xP) 348:Jewish 317:Europe 208:Levant 166:, and 164:Europe 132:E-M215 114:E-M281 44:E-M215 8066:S2CID 7905:S2CID 7551:(PDF) 7522:(PDF) 7461:S2CID 7426:S2CID 7392:S2CID 7280:(PDF) 7239:(PDF) 7056:S2CID 7013:(PDF) 7002:S2CID 6978:(PDF) 6929:(PDF) 6892:(PDF) 6879:(PDF) 6844:(PDF) 6826:(PDF) 6785:(PDF) 6642:S2CID 6605:S2CID 6569:S2CID 6500:(PDF) 6459:(PDF) 6365:(PDF) 6221:S2CID 6172:(PDF) 6129:(PDF) 6111:(PDF) 6096:(PDF) 6004:S2CID 5979:(PDF) 5968:S2CID 5940:(PDF) 5925:S2CID 5724:(PDF) 5693:(PDF) 5638:S2CID 5588:S2CID 5439:S2CID 5322:S2CID 5283:(PDF) 5254:(PDF) 5157:S2CID 5115:(PDF) 5072:(PDF) 4967:S2CID 4891:S2CID 4768:S2CID 4675:(PDF) 4633:S2CID 4593:(PDF) 4582:S2CID 4558:(PDF) 4368:S2CID 4219:S2CID 4092:S2CID 3953:S2CID 3606:Notes 3443:S2CID 3093:GHIJK 2622:(V42) 2620:E-V42 2602:(P72) 2600:E-P72 2582:E-V92 2532:(V23) 2530:E-V23 2510:E-M84 2504:E-M34 2385:E-M81 2348:E-V65 2330:E-V32 2320:E-V12 2308:E-V22 2303:E-V13 2274:E-M78 2261:E-V68 2254:E-M35 2165:E-M81 2109:E-V22 2094:E-V13 2066:E-V12 2053:E-M78 2018:E1b1b 1846:E3ba1 1788:E3b3a 1760:E-M34 1739:E3b1c 1736:E3b1c 1724:E3b3* 1666:E3b2b 1663:E3b2b 1605:E3b2a 1602:E3b2a 1556:E3b1b 1553:E3b1b 1541:E3b2* 1516:E-M81 1483:E3b1a 1480:E3b1a 1434:E3b1a 1431:E3b1a 1419:E3b1* 1394:E-M78 1333:E-M35 1272:E-M10 967:E-M58 955:E1b1a 952:E1b1a 949:E1b1a 940:E1b1a 900:E1b1 784:E-M54 723:E-M75 717:E1a1 662:E-M44 601:E-M33 540:E-P29 392:E-M35 335:M35. 148:E-M35 136:E1b1b 110:E-M35 47:E1b1b 8058:PMID 8029:PMID 7987:PMID 7950:PMID 7897:PMID 7862:PMID 7827:PMID 7776:PMID 7729:PMID 7690:PMID 7651:PMID 7617:PMID 7587:PMID 7540:PMID 7507:PMID 7477:ISBN 7453:PMID 7418:PMID 7384:PMID 7366:OCLC 7358:ISSN 7326:PMID 7269:PMID 7219:PMID 7183:ISBN 7165:PMID 7147:ISSN 7110:PMID 7048:PMID 6994:PMID 6963:PMID 6918:PMID 6868:PMID 6815:PMID 6769:PMID 6734:PMID 6690:PMID 6634:PMID 6597:PMID 6527:PMID 6489:PMID 6423:PMID 6385:PMID 6350:PMID 6310:PMID 6261:PMID 6253:ISSN 6213:PMID 6161:PMID 6081:PMID 6045:PNAS 6032:PMID 5960:PMID 5891:ISBN 5867:PMID 5825:PMID 5785:and 5770:PMID 5734:PNAS 5713:PMID 5678:PMID 5630:PMID 5580:PMID 5548:PMID 5499:PMID 5470:PMID 5431:PMID 5400:PMID 5361:PMID 5314:PMID 5270:ISBN 5239:PMID 5191:PMID 5149:PMID 5104:PMID 5057:PMID 5016:PMID 4959:PMID 4930:PMID 4883:PMID 4852:PMID 4803:PMID 4760:PMID 4728:PMID 4625:PMID 4574:PMID 4546:and 4535:PMID 4500:PMID 4461:PMID 4412:PMID 4360:PMID 4329:PMID 4230:2017 4211:PMID 4084:PMID 4066:OCLC 4058:ISSN 3945:PMID 3895:PMID 3815:PMID 3718:PMID 3435:PMID 3262:K2b1 3107:HIJK 2999:A1b1 2955:A0-T 2638:(V6) 2636:E-V6 2022:M215 1994:and 1976:E3b1 1962:and 1898:and 1727:E3b3 1544:E3b2 1422:E3b1 1373:E3b1 1370:E3b1 1358:E3b* 1312:E3a6 1309:E3a6 1300:E3a6 1297:E3a6 1251:E3a5 1248:E3a5 1239:E3a5 1236:E3a5 1190:E3a4 1187:E3a4 1178:E3a4 1175:E3a4 1129:E3a3 1126:E3a3 1117:E3a3 1114:E3a3 1068:E3a2 1065:E3a2 1056:E3a2 1053:E3a2 1007:E3a1 1004:E3a1 995:E3a1 992:E3a1 937:E1b1 931:E3a* 906:E-M2 897:E1b1 894:E1b1 891:E1b1 888:E1b1 879:E1b1 845:E-P2 818:E2b1 714:E1a1 711:E1a1 708:E1a1 705:E1a1 696:E1a1 693:E1a1 656:E1a 315:and 303:and 295:and 263:and 125:M215 97:E-P2 8050:doi 8019:PMC 8011:doi 7979:doi 7967:290 7940:PMC 7930:doi 7887:doi 7852:doi 7817:PMC 7809:doi 7766:PMC 7758:doi 7719:PMC 7711:doi 7680:PMC 7672:doi 7641:PMC 7633:doi 7607:doi 7577:PMC 7569:doi 7530:doi 7499:doi 7443:doi 7410:doi 7374:PMC 7350:doi 7316:PMC 7306:doi 7259:PMC 7251:doi 7247:273 7209:doi 7155:PMC 7139:doi 7100:PMC 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