618:
34:
922:
959:
943:
910:
951:
66:
934:(traditional basketwork table) was invented by the Harari people. Harari baskets are considered valuable handicrafts, mainly used by wealthier Harari families, and are highly appreciated and prized not only locally, but also in the Ethiopian craft market and among crafts collectors from all over the world. They are a remarkable example of traditional Ethiopian craftsmanship and demonstrate the cultural richness of the Harar region.
440:
213:
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by
Japanese traders). The ground floor is dedicated to the kitchen and living room. The main room has large steps covered with carpets and pillows, called "Nedeba", where family members and guests take their seats according to their rank. The floors are devoted to bedrooms. In the wealthiest
929:
The
Hararis are known to be the masters of basketry in Ethiopia, decorated with complex geometric patterns, and renowned for their quality and beauty. Those baskets are often used for special occasions such as weddings, mournings, but mostly for house decoration. In addition, the
333:
under duress. Hararis confined in the walled city became the last remnants of a once large ethnic group that inhabited the region. According to Ulrich Braukämper, the Harla-Harari were most likely active in the region prior to the
966:
Harari houses are known to be richly decorated with beautiful handcrafted wall baskets with very intricate designs (made by Harari women), as well as enameled plates with floral patterns (plates imported to
Ethiopia after the
236:
and later expanding into the interior producing a
Semitic-speaking population among Cushitic and non-Afroasiatic-speaking peoples in what would become Harar. These early Semitic settlers in the region were believed to be of
1838:
3254:
Brugnatelli, Vermondo. "Arab-Berber contacts in the Middle Ages and
Ancient Arabic dialects: new evidence from an old Ibadite religious text." African Arabic: approaches to dialectology. Berlin: de Gruyter (2013):
554:
ten generations prior to 1854, with his six sons: Umar the
Greater, Umar the Lesser, the two Abdillahs, Ahmad and Siddiq. According to Hararis, they also consist of seven Harla subclans: Abogn, Adish, Awari,
2501:
1704:
388:
and other migrants that were drawn to Harar's well-developed culture. Statistics prove that a
Semitic-speaking people akin to the Harari may have inhabited a stretch of land between the
972:
families, 4 black clay pots, called "Aflala", are placed on a stone shelf, carved into the wall, where all valuable goods were stored, such as gold, coins, medicine and coffee beans.
1847:
1268:
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499:. The aftermath of the Ogaden war resulted in 200,000 Hararis being held at southern Somalia's refuge camps in 1979. Today Hararis are outnumbered in their own state by the
2743:
1255:
The Horn of Africa encompasses the countries of
Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti and Somalia. These countries share similar peoples, languages, and geographical endowments.
436:, and his presumed efforts to make Harar the capital of an African Islamic empire. Iyasu was however overthrown in 1916, and many of his Harari followers were jailed.
763:
The 1994 Ethiopian census indicates that there were 21,757 Harari speakers. About 20,000 of these individuals were concentrated outside Harar, in
Ethiopia's capital
479:. The 1975 rural act disenfranchised Hararis from their farm land, forcing many to emigrate. The surviving Harari relatives of Kulub movement members would join the
1434:
2013:
3325:
Personality and
Political Culture in Modern Africa: Studies Presented to Professor Harold G Marcus, ed. By M. Page, S. Beswick, T. Carmichael and J. Spaulding
3011:
361:
in 1577 in response to Oromo threats. In less than a year after its relocation Adal would collapse. Harari imams continued to have a presence in the southern
2518:
1713:
2074:
3411:
605:
and Tol Je'lo clans in Somaliland and Ethiopia, hold the tradition that they originate from an intermarriage between a Harari woman and their forefather
1190:
805:
was built around 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) to the south of the city center. The predominant strand or self-identification adopted by Harari people is
2583:
1687:
250:, the legendary patriarch of the Harari, is said to have arrived in the Harar plateau in the early thirteenth century, where he was met by the Harla,
2043:
981:
3199:
3031:
3725:
2606:
778:, both of which are also Afro-Asiatic languages. According to the 1994 Ethiopian census, about 2,351 are monolingual, speaking only Harari.
467:
efforts on Hararis. A Harar Oromo proverb alludes to this occasion: "On that day Hararis were eliminated from earth." Former Mayor of Harar
2850:
1407:
798:
3904:
3321:"Political Culture in Ethiopia's Provincial Administration: Haile Sellassie, Blata Ayele Gebre and the (Hareri) Kulub Movement of 1948"
2726:
2344:
Political Culture in Ethiopia's Provincial Administration: Haile Sellassie, Blata Ayele Gebre and the (Hareri) Kulub Movement of 1948
1945:
Regional Dynamics of Inter-ethnic Conflicts in the Horn of Africa: An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti
2778:
2453:
617:
3404:
1360:
511:
again, and have been given special rights not offered to other groups in the region. According to academic Sarah Vaughan, the
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3293:
2182:
2057:
2027:
1647:
1444:
801:, a Harari scholar who was contemporary of the patron saint of Harar called Shaykh Abadir and it was from him that the first
1909:
2455:
Insurgency in Ethnically Divided Authoritarian-led Societies: A Comparative Study of Rebel Movements in Ethiopia, 1974-2014
1494:
228:, are considered by most scholars to be the precursors to the Harari people. The ancestors of the Hararis moved across the
2931:
2309:
829:
regime. Thousands of Hararis were forced to leave Harar in the 1940s. Harari people moved throughout Ethiopia, mainly to
581:
state an intermarriage took place between their ancestors and the previous inhabitants Adere (Harari) whom they call the
2877:
2426:
3894:
3397:
2941:
2914:
2165:
2121:
1200:
3899:
3377:
3303:
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3137:
3105:
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3041:
2887:
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2436:
2402:
2392:
2368:
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2282:
2226:
2192:
1919:
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1471:
1417:
1390:
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1164:
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1795:
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marked the end of Harar's independence in 1887. Hararis supported the designated but uncrowned Emperor of Ethiopia
2662:, 1856; edited with an introduction and additional chapters by Gordon Waterfield (New York: Praeger, 1966), p. 165
2216:
1461:
2796:
2535:
2272:
2049:
Ethiopia and the Red Sea: The Rise and Decline of the Solomonic Dynasty and Muslim European Rivalry in the Region
1548:
1409:
Ethiopia and the Red Sea: The Rise and Decline of the Solomonic Dynasty and Muslim European Rivalry in the Region
1326:
1092:
3266:
3058:
2806:
2083:
1582:
1248:
3085:
1240:
Institutional Change in the Horn of Africa: The Allocation of Property Rights and Implications for Development
262:
who had occupied Somalia's coast. By the thirteenth century, the Hararis were among the administrators of the
2906:
Europe and the Mediterranean as Linguistic Areas: Convergencies from a Historical and Typological Perspective
3339:
3245:
Siegbert Uhlig, Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: He-N, Volume 3, (Otto Harrassowitz Verlag: 2007), pp.111 & 319
2673:
2473:
2358:
3848:
3159:
2825:
A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa
1223:
726:. Prior to Oromo encircling the Harar region, its postulated Harari speakers were in direct contact with
677:
are considered to be using Old Harari. Historians states the language spoken by the Imams and Sultans of
447:
Chafing under imperial Ethiopian rule, Hararis made several attempts to cut ties with Ethiopia and unify
282:) in the fourteenth century. An alliance kingdom ensued between Argobba and Harari people designated the
3176:
471:
reported that both the Amhara and Oromo viewed Hararis with contempt. Haile Selassie's overthrow by the
3858:
1023:
295:
515:
was created to overturn the historically bad relationship between Harar and the Ethiopian government.
491:. After Ethiopians won the war in Ogaden, Derg soldiers began massacring civilians in Harari areas of
3420:
3367:
3208:
2520:
Centres in the Periphery: Negotiating Territoriality and Identification in Harar and Jijiga from 1942
2017:
738:
1864:
2608:
Language Ideologies and Challenges of Multilingual Education in Ethiopia: The Case of Harari Region
2552:
2394:
Language Ideologies and Challenges of Multilingual Education in Ethiopia: The Case of Harari Region
1712:. Proceedings of the 16th International Conference of Ethiopian Studies. p. 14. Archived from
810:
279:
271:
193:
1965:
416:'s ascendancy in the area, a large number of the Harari were in turn reportedly absorbed into the
2643:
1669:
Le" Futuh al-Habasa" : ´ecriture de l'histoire, guerre et soci´et´e dans le Bar Sa'ad ad-din
3739:
1815:
1159:
1060:
543:
353:, incorporating the Harari people. Hararis were furious when Muhammad Gasa decided to move the
299:
2047:
1295:
33:
3873:
3853:
3535:
3428:
2701:
2155:
2111:
1380:
999:
201:
2981:
3868:
2982:"Quelques hypothèses sur les origines des conquêtes musulmanes en Abyssinie au XVIe siècle"
2009:
585:. Hadiya clans claim their forefathers were Harari however they later became influenced by
487:
to free Harari and Somali territory from Ethiopian rule. Hararis were also involved in the
2138:
1982:
Waldron, Sidney (1984). "The Political Economy of Harari-Oromo Relationships, 1559-1874".
1757:"Territorial and Development Politics in the Horn of Africa: The Afar of the Awash Valley"
921:
8:
3585:
1772:
527:
480:
456:
314:. Hararis once represented the largest concentration of agriculturalists in East Africa.
1959:
925:
An old Harari woman making a pair of Hamat Mot, one of the most expansive Harari basket.
737:
The first known Harari language dictionary in English was published by British traveler
317:
In the sixteenth century, walls built around the city of Harar during the reign of Emir
266:. In the fourteenth century raids on the Harari town of Get (Gey) by Abyssinian Emperor
3863:
3437:
3234:
2527:
1991:
1776:
1737:
1628:
1154:
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1036:
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administration, Hararis had been favored tremendously. They acquired control of their
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3373:
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3101:
3064:
3037:
2937:
2910:
2883:
2856:
2829:
2802:
2749:
2612:
2531:
2432:
2398:
2364:
2315:
2278:
2222:
2188:
2161:
2117:
2053:
2023:
1915:
1588:
1554:
1467:
1440:
1413:
1386:
1332:
1274:
1244:
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1169:
1086:
837:, establishing families and businesses. There is a considerable Harari population in
547:
197:
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3632:
3602:
3465:
3093:
2993:
1768:
1544:
1526:
1307:
1069:
1065:
1017:
994:
990:
958:
942:
877:. Furthermore, a minority of the Harari people live in Europe in countries such as
822:
719:
718:
was related to a Harari dialect. Harari language has some form of correlation with
646:
606:
468:
464:
421:
401:
366:
342:
325:. Harari colonies in the middle of the seaboard and Harar were also assimilated by
1889:
700:
is still there. After the eighteenth century Egyptian conquest of Harar, numerous
483:; and some, having been promoted as high-ranking military officers, fought in the
311:
258:. In the Middle Ages Hararis led by Abadir supposedly came into conflict with the
131:
3752:
3710:
3495:
3347:. Harari people regional state, culture, heritage and tourism bureau. p. 141
3123:
WHEN THEY CHANGE THE WAY THEY SPEAK: CONTACT-INDUCED WORD ORDER SHIFTS IN SEMITIC
2823:
1238:
1132:
1041:
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914:
854:
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727:
723:
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693:
682:
666:
630:
370:
318:
238:
152:
139:
87:
2481:. Harari People Regional State Culture, Heritage And Tourism Bureau. p. 172
752:
of unknown origin. More recently in the 1990s, it has been transcribed with the
3767:
3715:
3650:
3558:
3090:
Approaches to the History and Dialectology of Arabic in Honor of Pierre Larcher
2681:. Harari People Regional State Culture, Heritage And Tourism Bureau. p. 29
1667:
1027:
1012:
1003:
909:
894:
826:
775:
757:
689:
678:
551:
460:
413:
385:
354:
335:
330:
283:
275:
263:
259:
255:
173:
165:
111:
3097:
1530:
455:, among them launching the nationalist Kulub movement which was linked to the
298:, the Harari state stretched to large parts of the Horn of Africa. During the
3888:
3782:
3607:
3580:
3553:
3530:
3520:
3510:
3485:
3455:
1144:
1056:
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582:
560:
523:
512:
508:
500:
409:
307:
291:
251:
229:
185:
119:
115:
3389:
3086:"Dia-Planar Diffusion: Reconstructing Early Aramaic-Arabic Language Contact"
1311:
950:
475:
communist regime made minor differences for the Harari; they describe it as
3832:
3827:
3822:
3812:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3777:
3772:
3762:
3757:
3747:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3675:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3645:
3617:
3590:
3568:
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3500:
3480:
3475:
3470:
968:
842:
650:
634:
504:
417:
322:
267:
221:
169:
3177:"The ethiopic script: linguistic features and socio-cultural connotations"
2997:
2798:
The Origins of the New Churches Movement in Southern Ethiopia: 1927 - 1944
2249:
176:. Members of this ethnic group traditionally reside in the walled city of
3802:
3685:
3680:
3670:
3640:
3573:
3563:
3515:
3490:
3450:
3445:
1584:
A History of Ethiopia: Volume I (Routledge Revivals): Nubia and Abyssinia
1138:
1107:
1101:
1080:
1050:
882:
870:
853:. The Harari people have also spread throughout North America, mainly to
830:
795:
764:
621:
Harari pendant, held at the Museum of Natural History and Ethnography in
492:
393:
362:
287:
99:
1995:
1741:
1731:
1632:
1616:
384:
Muslims that arrived during the start of the Islamic period, as well as
3720:
3622:
3460:
1074:
674:
578:
484:
350:
135:
1869:. Center for African Area Studies, Kyoto University. 2005. p. 160
1780:
1756:
3817:
3612:
2706:. Institute of Ethiopian Studies, Addis Ababa University. p. 930
2503:
Afocha A Link Between Community and Administration in Hārar, Ethiopia
2019:
The Proceedings of the First International Congress of Somali Studies
898:
834:
715:
405:
123:
3161:
A Voyage to Abyssinia, and Travels Into the Interior of that Country
77:
50,000-70,000 (Using 2021 Election Data and 2017 Census Projections)
3320:
1515:"Legende und Geschichte: der Fath Madinat Hara von Yahya Nasrallah"
1126:
838:
701:
539:
519:
448:
346:
303:
225:
189:
127:
71:
2637:
2635:
2157:
Islamic History and Culture in Southern Ethiopia: Collected Essays
2113:
Islamic History and Culture in Southern Ethiopia: Collected Essays
1943:
1296:"Fouille d'un tumulus à Ganda Hassan Abdi dans les monts du Harar"
439:
404:
have effectively split this putative ethnolinguistic block to the
3525:
2745:
Islamic History and Culture in Southern Ethiopia: Collected Essay
886:
878:
862:
858:
846:
771:
564:
496:
477:"little more than a transition from the frying pan into the fire"
452:
433:
389:
326:
233:
1617:"The Genealogy of the later Walashma' Sultans of Adal and Harar"
212:
3295:
The Role of Civil Society in Africa's Quest for Democratization
2632:
1045:
1008:
917:= ጌይ ሞት), today registered and certified as a Harari trademark.
890:
866:
787:
697:
662:
645:("Language of the City"). It is closely related to the eastern
622:
598:
586:
568:
556:
397:
358:
247:
244:
2346:. Boston University African Studies Center Press. p. 207.
589:. Moreover, the Habar Habusheed, a major branch of the Somali
321:
helped preserve Harari identity from being assimilated by the
216:
Richard Burton's illustration of the Harari people's costumes.
38:
A group of Hararis at a wedding dressed in cultural attire in
1120:
985:
931:
850:
806:
711:
670:
658:
602:
590:
425:
381:
177:
39:
1816:"A STUDY ON THE LIVING ENVIRONMENT OF HARAR JUGOL, ETHIOPIA"
369:
until they were overthrown in the eighteenth century by the
2360:
The crown and the pen: the memoirs of a lawyer turned rebel
1866:
Environment, livelihood and local praxis in Asia and Africa
962:
Harari traditional "Aflala" pots in a wealthy Harari house.
488:
472:
1270:
The Oromo and the Christian Kingdom of Ethiopia: 1300-1700
821:
Hararis comprise under 10% within their own city, due to
341:
The sixteenth century saw Oromos invading regions of the
3138:"Some Further Remarks on the Old Harari Kitab alfarayid"
3207:. State Library of Victoria. p. 15. Archived from
1621:
Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft
744:
The Harari language was historically written using the
424:
period, Hararis sent missionaries to convert Oromo to
2777:. Southern Nations state. p. 164. Archived from
2703:
Ethiopian studies at the end of the second millennium
1149:
2250:"How Ethiopian prince scuppered Germany's WW1 plans"
913:
Some of the luxurious Harari baskets, called "Mot" (
1273:. Boydell & Brewer. p. 145 (footnote 32).
575:, although this term is now considered derogatory.
412:territory, and Harar. Following the decline of the
224:, an extinct Afroasiatic-speaking people native to
18:
Semitic-speaking ethnic group in the Horn of Africa
192:. They speak the Harari language, a member of the
3327:. Boston University African Studies Center Press.
2311:Islam in World Cultures: Comparative Perspectives
2274:Islam in World Cultures: Comparative Perspectives
1224:"Harari RC Election Results Final - sep 30th.PDF"
3886:
2879:Islamic History and Culture in Southern Ethiopia
3268:Religion and the Cold War: A Global Perspective
2584:"Ogaden Refugees Overwhelming Somali Resources"
1736:. Institute of Ethiopian Studies. p. 120.
673:songs of thirteenth century origin, popular in
2082:. Facts on File inc. p. 4. Archived from
1846:. Jimma University. p. 20. Archived from
1675:. Universit´e Panth´eon-Sorbonne. p. 145.
714:language, now extinct, was once spoken in the
3419:
3405:
2105:
2103:
2008:
1655:. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS. p. 16.
946:Harari house doors, carved in stone and wood.
3271:. Vanderbilt University Press. p. 147.
2728:A history of the Hadiya in Southern Ethiopia
2611:. African Books Collective. pp. 44–45.
2526:. The University of Edinburgh. p. 200.
1961:The True Life of Capt. Sir Richard F. Burton
1368:. Hebrew University of Jerusalem. p. 9.
937:
278:relocated their base to the Harari plateau (
156:
3369:Muslim Peoples: A World Ethnographic Survey
3264:
2875:
2648:. The University of Edinburgh. p. 235.
2303:
2301:
2147:
1706:The Archaeology of Islam in North East Shoa
1459:
1331:. Ohio State University Press. p. 36.
1135:, title for scholar in the Emirate of Harar
3412:
3398:
3318:
3230:
3228:
3197:
3019:. Cambridge University Press. p. 150.
2933:African Arabic: Approaches to Dialectology
2741:
2341:
2153:
2109:
2100:
2076:Encyclopedia of africaN HISTORY andCULTURE
1436:The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Archaeology
62:
32:
3056:
2516:
1405:
1293:
2929:
2909:. John Benjamins Publishing. p. 6.
2397:. African Books Collective. p. 44.
2356:
2298:
2214:
2140:Untersuchungen zum äthiopischen Königtum
1754:
1733:Review: Place Names in Ethiopian History
1689:A Short History of Ethiopia and the Horn
1543:
1439:. Oxford University Press. p. 425.
1287:
1236:
957:
949:
941:
920:
908:
794:or Islamic teacher in the community was
665:loanwords, proven by the ancient texts.
616:
438:
211:
3291:
3225:
3029:
2848:
2794:
2724:
2424:
2357:Selassie, Bereket (20 September 2007).
2184:A History of Modern Ethiopia, 1855–1991
1981:
1840:A CULTURAL HISTORY OF THE HARARI PEOPLE
1813:
1378:
1324:
1230:
513:Harari People's National Regional State
3887:
3365:
2604:
2581:
2390:
2307:
2270:
1907:
1887:
1803:. Nordic Africa Institute. p. 37.
1614:
1553:. Ohio University Press. p. 228.
1525:(2). Cambridge University Press: 315.
1512:
1432:
1266:
1188:
982:'Abd Allah II ibn 'Ali 'Abd ash-Shakur
661:language. Old Harari already had many
571:. The Harari were previously known as
184:"the City" in Harari, situated in the
3393:
3372:. Greenwood Publishers. p. 318.
3337:
3174:
3083:
3036:. Taylor & Francis. p. 487.
2979:
2902:
2855:. Ohio State University. p. 36.
2821:
2699:
2671:
2471:
2461:. University of Toronto. p. 155.
2180:
2136:
1941:
1767:(309). Oxford University Press: 486.
1692:. Addis Ababa University. p. 64.
1685:
1580:
1358:
1192:The Politics of Ethnicity in Ethiopia
1068:, 19th century Muslim scholar in the
756:. Harari is also commonly written in
270:, Hararis are referred to as Harlas.
3157:
3125:. University of Chicago. p. 54.
2956:
2582:Jaynes, Gregory (19 November 1979).
2042:
1948:. UNIVERSITY OF HAMBURG. p. 72.
1897:. University of London. p. 176.
1773:10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a097023
1702:
1665:
954:Main room of a Harari house (ጌይ ጋር).
770:Most Harari people are bilingual in
688:Modern Harari is influenced more by
681:would closely resemble contemporary
546:, "Fiqi Umar" crossed over from the
57:Regions with significant populations
2641:
2499:
2451:
2363:. Red Sea Press. pp. 226–227.
1836:
1820:Japan Science and Technology Agency
1793:
1627:(2). Harrassowitz Verlag: 376–386.
1502:. Harrasowitz Verlag. p. 1015.
1466:. LIT Verlag Munster. p. 107.
1243:. Universal-Publishers. p. 1.
669:dialects use Harari loanwords. The
518:Some Hararis as well as the Somali
380:Among the assimilated peoples were
13:
2771:The Ethno-History of Halaba People
2748:. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 47.
2506:. Syracuse University. p. 88.
2425:Hetzron, Robert (8 October 2013).
2160:. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 18.
2116:. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 37.
1914:. transcript Verlag. p. 156.
1729:
1645:
1433:Walker, Bethany (6 October 2020).
975:
443:Harari woman in traditional attire
14:
3921:
3905:Indigenous peoples of East Africa
3135:
3120:
3063:. The Red Sea Press. p. 89.
1412:. Routledge. p. xvii-xviii.
1165:List of ethnic groups in Ethiopia
349:to its southern portions such as
338:'s Islamic invasion of Ethiopia.
294:. In the sixteenth century under
3319:Carmichael, Tim (January 1998).
3201:New Communities Emerging Content
2936:. Walter de Gruyter. p. 5.
2731:. Universite Hamburg. p. 9.
2675:History of Harar and the Hararis
2475:History of Harar and the Hararis
2215:Bosworth, C. E (11 March 2014).
2072:
897:, and also outside of Europe in
704:were additionally borrowed from
657:, all of whom are linked to the
534:, who traced his lineage to the
64:
3359:
3331:
3312:
3285:
3258:
3248:
3239:
3191:
3168:
3151:
3129:
3114:
3077:
3050:
3023:
3013:The Cambridge History of Africa
3004:
2973:
2950:
2923:
2896:
2869:
2842:
2815:
2788:
2762:
2735:
2718:
2693:
2665:
2652:
2645:Ethnicity and Power in Ethiopia
2598:
2575:
2545:
2510:
2493:
2465:
2445:
2418:
2384:
2350:
2335:
2264:
2242:
2208:
2174:
2130:
2066:
2036:
2022:. Scholars Press. p. 155.
2002:
1975:
1964:. H. S. Nichols. 1896. p.
1952:
1935:
1901:
1881:
1857:
1830:
1807:
1787:
1748:
1723:
1696:
1679:
1659:
1639:
1608:
1574:
1537:
1506:
1487:
1453:
1426:
1044:, businessman and Governor of
904:
786:Virtually all Harari are Sunni
3366:Weekes, Richard (1984-12-21).
3292:Ibrahim, Abadir (2016-12-08).
3030:Hetzron, Robert (2013-10-08).
2660:First Footsteps in East Africa
2221:. Edinburgh University Press.
2181:Zewde, Bahru (17 March 2002).
1550:The History of Islam in Africa
1519:The Journal of African History
1406:Mordechai, Abir (2013-10-28).
1399:
1372:
1352:
1318:
1260:
1216:
1189:Lovise, Alean (22 June 2011).
1182:
593:clan family consisting of the
164:, "People of the City") are a
1:
3338:Wehib, Ahmed (October 2015).
2930:Lafkioui, Mena (2013-04-30).
2672:Wehib, Ahmed (October 2015).
2472:Wehib, Ahmed (October 2015).
2252:. BBC News. 25 September 2016
1175:
1020:, Queen of the Adal Sultanate
503:and Oromo peoples. Under the
3910:Muslim communities in Africa
3265:Muehlenbeck, Philip (2012).
3235:Ethnologue - Harari language
2876:Braukhamper, Ulrich (2002).
1581:Budge, E.A (1 August 2014).
1513:Wagner, Ewald (April 1979).
1460:Braukhamper, Ulrich (2002).
1237:Joireman, Sandra F. (1997).
1053:, Emir of the Adal Sultanate
629:The Harari people speak the
542:. According to the explorer
373:, who later established the
232:, settling in the shores of
7:
3341:History of Harar and Harari
3198:Cunningham, Andrew (2009).
3057:Pankhurst, Richard (1997).
2986:Cahiers d'Études africaines
2742:Braukamper, Ulrich (2002).
2154:Braukämper, Ulrich (2002).
2110:Braukämper, Ulrich (2002).
1463:Islamic History and Culture
1385:. EIIPD Press. p. 53.
1382:Ethiopia and the Arab world
1114:
816:
781:
748:and in characters known as
612:
345:from the northern areas of
10:
3926:
2517:Matshanda, Namhla (2014).
2431:. Routledge. p. 486.
2052:. Routledge. p. 139.
1026:, Imam and General of the
1024:Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi
1011:, Imam and General of the
526:clans assert descent from
459:. These events led to the
428:. The loss of the crucial
296:Ahmed ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi
207:
157:
3895:Ethnic groups in Ethiopia
3841:
3738:
3631:
3544:
3436:
3427:
3421:Ethnic groups in Ethiopia
3298:. Springer. p. 134.
3164:. F. C. and J. Rivington.
3098:10.1163/9789004325883_006
3060:The Ethiopian Borderlands
2882:. LITverlag. p. 18.
2849:Gebissa, Eziekel (2004).
2314:. ABC-CLIO. p. 227.
2277:. ABC-CLIO. p. 224.
2187:. Ohio University Press.
1984:Northeast African Studies
1888:Hassen, Mohammed (1983).
1797:Local history of Ethiopia
1531:10.1017/S0021853700017266
1325:Gebissa, Ezekiel (2004).
1294:Joussaume, Roger (1976).
1267:Hassen, Mohammed (2015).
938:Harari traditional houses
357:'s capital from Harar to
110:
105:
98:
93:
86:
81:
61:
56:
51:
46:
31:
3900:Semitic-speaking peoples
3181:Oslo Studies in Language
3084:Owens, Jonathen (2017).
2342:Carmichael, Tim (1998).
2308:Feener, Michael (2004).
2271:Feener, Michael (2004).
1496:Encyclopaedia Aethiopica
1362:ETHIOPIA AND THE RED SEA
811:non-denominational Islam
637:language referred to as
2795:Fargher, Brian (1996).
1755:Harbeson, John (1978).
1379:Abraham, Kinfe (2004).
1312:10.3406/ethio.1976.1157
495:for collaborating with
310:territory, forming the
302:, some Harari militia (
2980:Ferry, Robert (1961).
2957:Abdi, Mohamed (2009).
2605:Yigezu, Moges (2010).
2557:Horn of Africa Journal
2391:Yigezu, Moges (2010).
2143:. Steiner. p. 14.
2014:Geshekter, Charles Lee
1911:Dimensions of Locality
1908:Stauth, Georg (2008).
1814:Okazaki, Rumi (2012).
1615:Wagner, Ewald (1991).
1195:. BRILL. p. 154.
1160:List of Emirs of Harar
1061:Addis Ababa University
1059:, former President of
963:
955:
947:
926:
918:
750:"Harari secret script"
626:
544:Richard Francis Burton
444:
392:Mountains, the middle
217:
3175:Meyer, Ronny (2016).
3092:. BRILL. p. 78.
3033:The Semitic Languages
2998:10.3406/cea.1961.2961
2822:Lewis, I. M. (1999).
2801:. BRILL. p. 34.
2725:Braukaemper, Ulrich.
2428:The Semitic Languages
2218:New Islamic Dynasties
2010:Adam, Hussein Mohamed
1942:Yasin, Yasin (2010).
1891:The Oromo of Ethiopia
1686:Zewde, Bahru (1998).
1649:A History of Ethiopia
1150:Harar City - Diaspora
1123:, an old Harari title
1000:Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad
961:
953:
945:
924:
912:
760:outside of Ethiopia.
620:
442:
286:which later included
215:
202:Afroasiatic languages
106:Related ethnic groups
3158:Salt, Henry (1814).
2903:Ramat, Palo (2007).
2700:Yimam, Baye (2002).
1837:Wondimu, Alemayehu.
1077:, Ethiopian diplomat
696:and the presence of
196:grouping within the
3586:Soddo Gurage people
2959:"Chansons de Zeyla"
1970:mighty race burton.
1794:Lindahl, Bernhard.
1703:Begashaw, Kassaye.
528:Abadir Umar ar-Rida
481:Somali Armed Forces
457:Somali Youth League
172:which inhabits the
28:
2963:Annales d'Ethiopie
1730:Tamrat, Taddesse.
1666:Chekroun, Amelie.
1300:Annales d'Ethiopie
1155:East Hararghe Zone
1141:, title for father
1097:Ethiopian Airlines
1037:Sultanate of Harar
964:
956:
948:
927:
919:
627:
445:
430:Battle of Chelenqo
420:community. In the
375:Sultanate of Aussa
300:Ethiopian–Adal war
218:
24:
3882:
3881:
3734:
3733:
2500:Waldron, Sidney.
2137:Haberland, Eike.
2059:978-1-136-28090-0
2029:978-0-89130-658-0
1853:on 21 April 2021.
1547:(31 March 2000).
1545:Levtzion, Nehemia
1446:978-0-19-750787-2
1359:Mordechai, Abir.
1170:Sultanate of Adal
1087:Nebila Abdulmelik
1083:, Activist, Judge
993:, founder of the
548:Arabian Peninsula
331:Sultanate of Adal
198:Semitic subfamily
145:
144:
52:estimated 200,000
3917:
3849:African American
3434:
3433:
3414:
3407:
3400:
3391:
3390:
3384:
3383:
3363:
3357:
3356:
3354:
3352:
3346:
3335:
3329:
3328:
3316:
3310:
3309:
3289:
3283:
3282:
3262:
3256:
3252:
3246:
3243:
3237:
3232:
3223:
3222:
3220:
3219:
3213:
3206:
3195:
3189:
3188:
3172:
3166:
3165:
3155:
3149:
3148:
3142:
3136:Banti, Giorgio.
3133:
3127:
3126:
3121:ZHANG, HONGWEI.
3118:
3112:
3111:
3081:
3075:
3074:
3054:
3048:
3047:
3027:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3008:
3002:
3001:
2977:
2971:
2970:
2954:
2948:
2947:
2927:
2921:
2920:
2900:
2894:
2893:
2873:
2867:
2866:
2846:
2840:
2839:
2819:
2813:
2812:
2792:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2776:
2766:
2760:
2759:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2722:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2697:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2680:
2669:
2663:
2658:Richard Burton,
2656:
2650:
2649:
2642:Vaughan, Sarah.
2639:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2602:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2553:"Horn of Africa"
2549:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2534:. Archived from
2525:
2514:
2508:
2507:
2497:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2480:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2452:Teshale, Semir.
2449:
2443:
2442:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2388:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2354:
2348:
2347:
2339:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2305:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2107:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2088:
2081:
2070:
2064:
2063:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1845:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1727:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1711:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1683:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1646:Marcus, Harold.
1643:
1637:
1636:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1578:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1510:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1491:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1457:
1451:
1450:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1376:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1356:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1186:
1095:, former CEO of
1070:Emirate of Harar
1018:Bati del Wambara
1002:, Sultan of the
995:Emirate of Harar
969:Second World War
823:ethnic cleansing
647:Gurage languages
530:, also known as
469:Bereket Selassie
465:ethnic cleansing
422:Emirate of Harar
402:Oromo migrations
367:Imamate of Aussa
180:, simply called
160:
159:
74:
70:
68:
67:
47:Total population
36:
29:
23:
3925:
3924:
3920:
3919:
3918:
3916:
3915:
3914:
3885:
3884:
3883:
3878:
3837:
3730:
3627:
3540:
3423:
3418:
3388:
3387:
3380:
3364:
3360:
3350:
3348:
3344:
3336:
3332:
3317:
3313:
3306:
3290:
3286:
3279:
3263:
3259:
3253:
3249:
3244:
3240:
3233:
3226:
3217:
3215:
3211:
3204:
3196:
3192:
3173:
3169:
3156:
3152:
3140:
3134:
3130:
3119:
3115:
3108:
3082:
3078:
3071:
3055:
3051:
3044:
3028:
3024:
3016:
3010:
3009:
3005:
2978:
2974:
2955:
2951:
2944:
2928:
2924:
2917:
2901:
2897:
2890:
2874:
2870:
2863:
2847:
2843:
2836:
2820:
2816:
2809:
2793:
2789:
2781:
2774:
2768:
2767:
2763:
2756:
2740:
2736:
2723:
2719:
2709:
2707:
2698:
2694:
2684:
2682:
2678:
2670:
2666:
2657:
2653:
2640:
2633:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2603:
2599:
2589:
2587:
2580:
2576:
2566:
2564:
2551:
2550:
2546:
2538:
2523:
2515:
2511:
2498:
2494:
2484:
2482:
2478:
2470:
2466:
2458:
2450:
2446:
2439:
2423:
2419:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2389:
2385:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2355:
2351:
2340:
2336:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2306:
2299:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2269:
2265:
2255:
2253:
2248:
2247:
2243:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2213:
2209:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2179:
2175:
2168:
2152:
2148:
2135:
2131:
2124:
2108:
2101:
2092:
2090:
2086:
2079:
2071:
2067:
2060:
2044:Abir, Mordechai
2041:
2037:
2030:
2007:
2003:
1980:
1976:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1940:
1936:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1906:
1902:
1894:
1886:
1882:
1872:
1870:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1850:
1843:
1835:
1831:
1812:
1808:
1800:
1792:
1788:
1761:African Affairs
1753:
1749:
1728:
1724:
1716:
1709:
1701:
1697:
1684:
1680:
1672:
1664:
1660:
1652:
1644:
1640:
1613:
1609:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1579:
1575:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1542:
1538:
1511:
1507:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1458:
1454:
1447:
1431:
1427:
1420:
1404:
1400:
1393:
1377:
1373:
1365:
1357:
1353:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1323:
1319:
1292:
1288:
1281:
1265:
1261:
1251:
1235:
1231:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1117:
1042:Abdullahi Sadiq
1033:Nur ibn Mujahid
984:, last Emir of
978:
976:Notable Hararis
940:
907:
855:Washington D.C.
819:
803:Qur'anic school
790:. The earliest
784:
724:Maghrebi Arabic
706:Egyptian Arabic
683:Harari language
667:Northern Somali
649:and similar to
631:Harari language
615:
371:Mudaito dynasty
319:Nur ibn Mujahid
210:
140:Habesha peoples
65:
63:
42:
26:
22:
19:
12:
11:
5:
3923:
3913:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3880:
3879:
3877:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3845:
3843:
3842:Non-Indigenous
3839:
3838:
3836:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3744:
3742:
3736:
3735:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3637:
3635:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3594:
3593:
3588:
3578:
3577:
3576:
3571:
3561:
3556:
3550:
3548:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3442:
3440:
3431:
3425:
3424:
3417:
3416:
3409:
3402:
3394:
3386:
3385:
3378:
3358:
3330:
3311:
3304:
3284:
3277:
3257:
3247:
3238:
3224:
3190:
3167:
3150:
3128:
3113:
3106:
3076:
3069:
3049:
3042:
3022:
3003:
2972:
2949:
2943:978-3110292343
2942:
2922:
2916:978-9027230980
2915:
2895:
2888:
2868:
2861:
2841:
2834:
2814:
2807:
2787:
2784:on 2018-07-05.
2761:
2754:
2734:
2717:
2692:
2664:
2651:
2631:
2617:
2597:
2574:
2544:
2541:on 2020-01-31.
2509:
2492:
2464:
2444:
2437:
2417:
2403:
2383:
2369:
2349:
2334:
2320:
2297:
2283:
2263:
2241:
2227:
2207:
2193:
2173:
2167:978-3825856717
2166:
2146:
2129:
2123:978-3825856717
2122:
2099:
2073:Page, Willie.
2065:
2058:
2035:
2028:
2001:
1974:
1951:
1934:
1920:
1900:
1880:
1856:
1829:
1806:
1786:
1747:
1722:
1719:on 2016-03-03.
1695:
1678:
1658:
1638:
1607:
1593:
1573:
1559:
1536:
1505:
1486:
1472:
1452:
1445:
1425:
1418:
1398:
1391:
1371:
1351:
1337:
1317:
1286:
1279:
1259:
1249:
1229:
1215:
1202:978-9004207295
1201:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1136:
1130:
1129:, Harari corps
1124:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1111:
1105:
1099:
1093:Mohammed Ahmed
1090:
1084:
1078:
1072:
1063:
1054:
1048:
1039:
1030:
1028:Adal Sultanate
1021:
1015:
1013:Adal Sultanate
1006:
1004:Adal Sultanate
997:
991:`Ali ibn Da`ud
988:
977:
974:
939:
936:
906:
903:
895:United Kingdom
827:Haile Selassie
818:
815:
783:
780:
614:
611:
552:Horn of Africa
461:Haile Selassie
414:Adal Sultanate
355:Adal Sultanate
343:Horn of Africa
336:Adal Sultanate
284:Adal Sultanate
276:Haqq ad-Din II
264:Ifat Sultanate
260:Shirazi people
256:Argobba people
209:
206:
194:South Ethiopic
174:Horn of Africa
143:
142:
108:
107:
103:
102:
96:
95:
91:
90:
84:
83:
79:
78:
75:
59:
58:
54:
53:
49:
48:
44:
43:
37:
20:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3922:
3911:
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3435:
3432:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3415:
3410:
3408:
3403:
3401:
3396:
3395:
3392:
3381:
3379:9780313233920
3375:
3371:
3370:
3362:
3343:
3342:
3334:
3326:
3322:
3315:
3307:
3305:9783319183831
3301:
3297:
3296:
3288:
3280:
3278:9780826518521
3274:
3270:
3269:
3261:
3251:
3242:
3236:
3231:
3229:
3214:on 2019-03-06
3210:
3203:
3202:
3194:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3171:
3163:
3162:
3154:
3146:
3145:East and West
3139:
3132:
3124:
3117:
3109:
3107:9789004325883
3103:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3080:
3072:
3070:9780932415196
3066:
3062:
3061:
3053:
3045:
3043:9781136115806
3039:
3035:
3034:
3026:
3015:
3014:
3007:
2999:
2995:
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2987:
2983:
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2953:
2945:
2939:
2935:
2934:
2926:
2918:
2912:
2908:
2907:
2899:
2891:
2889:9783825856717
2885:
2881:
2880:
2872:
2864:
2862:9780852554807
2858:
2854:
2853:
2852:Leaf of Allah
2845:
2837:
2835:9783825830847
2831:
2827:
2826:
2818:
2810:
2804:
2800:
2799:
2791:
2780:
2773:
2772:
2765:
2757:
2755:9783825856717
2751:
2747:
2746:
2738:
2730:
2729:
2721:
2705:
2704:
2696:
2677:
2676:
2668:
2661:
2655:
2647:
2646:
2638:
2636:
2620:
2618:9789994455478
2614:
2610:
2609:
2601:
2585:
2578:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2548:
2537:
2533:
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2522:
2521:
2513:
2505:
2504:
2496:
2477:
2476:
2468:
2457:
2456:
2448:
2440:
2438:9781136115806
2434:
2430:
2429:
2421:
2406:
2404:9789994455478
2400:
2396:
2395:
2387:
2372:
2370:9781569022764
2366:
2362:
2361:
2353:
2345:
2338:
2323:
2321:9781576075166
2317:
2313:
2312:
2304:
2302:
2286:
2284:9781576075166
2280:
2276:
2275:
2267:
2251:
2245:
2230:
2228:9780748696482
2224:
2220:
2219:
2211:
2196:
2194:9780821445723
2190:
2186:
2185:
2177:
2169:
2163:
2159:
2158:
2150:
2142:
2141:
2133:
2125:
2119:
2115:
2114:
2106:
2104:
2089:on 2019-02-17
2085:
2078:
2077:
2069:
2061:
2055:
2051:
2050:
2045:
2039:
2031:
2025:
2021:
2020:
2015:
2011:
2005:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1978:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1962:
1955:
1947:
1946:
1938:
1923:
1921:9783899429688
1917:
1913:
1912:
1904:
1893:
1892:
1884:
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1642:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1611:
1596:
1594:9781317649151
1590:
1587:. Routledge.
1586:
1585:
1577:
1562:
1560:9780821444610
1556:
1552:
1551:
1546:
1540:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
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1509:
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1497:
1490:
1475:
1473:9783825856717
1469:
1465:
1464:
1456:
1448:
1442:
1438:
1437:
1429:
1421:
1419:9781136280900
1415:
1411:
1410:
1402:
1394:
1392:9782003120749
1388:
1384:
1383:
1375:
1364:
1363:
1355:
1340:
1338:9780852554807
1334:
1330:
1329:
1328:Leaf of Allah
1321:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1290:
1282:
1280:9781847011176
1276:
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1198:
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1171:
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1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
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1151:
1148:
1146:
1145:Harari Region
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1057:Duri Mohammed
1055:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:, founder of
1034:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1001:
998:
996:
992:
989:
987:
983:
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979:
973:
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960:
952:
944:
935:
933:
923:
916:
911:
902:
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888:
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880:
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872:
868:
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848:
844:
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836:
832:
828:
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812:
808:
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800:
797:
793:
789:
779:
777:
773:
768:
766:
761:
759:
755:
751:
747:
746:Arabic script
742:
740:
735:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
686:
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672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
624:
619:
610:
608:
607:Sheikh Ishaaq
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
516:
514:
510:
509:Harari Region
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
463:government's
462:
458:
454:
450:
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427:
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364:
360:
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348:
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339:
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332:
328:
324:
320:
315:
313:
312:Siltʼe people
309:
306:) settled in
305:
301:
297:
293:
292:Somali people
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
246:
242:
240:
235:
231:
230:Bab-el-Mandeb
227:
223:
214:
205:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
186:Harari Region
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
154:
150:
149:Harari people
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
104:
101:
97:
92:
89:
85:
80:
76:
73:
60:
55:
50:
45:
41:
35:
30:
16:
3740:Nilo-Saharan
3597:
3591:Chebo people
3569:Beta Abraham
3429:Afro-Asiatic
3368:
3361:
3349:. Retrieved
3340:
3333:
3324:
3314:
3294:
3287:
3267:
3260:
3250:
3241:
3216:. Retrieved
3209:the original
3200:
3193:
3184:
3180:
3170:
3160:
3153:
3144:
3131:
3122:
3116:
3089:
3079:
3059:
3052:
3032:
3025:
3012:
3006:
2992:(5): 28–29.
2989:
2985:
2975:
2966:
2962:
2952:
2932:
2925:
2905:
2898:
2878:
2871:
2851:
2844:
2824:
2817:
2797:
2790:
2779:the original
2770:
2764:
2744:
2737:
2727:
2720:
2708:. Retrieved
2702:
2695:
2683:. Retrieved
2674:
2667:
2659:
2654:
2644:
2622:. Retrieved
2607:
2600:
2588:. Retrieved
2577:
2565:. Retrieved
2563:(2): 9. 1978
2560:
2556:
2547:
2536:the original
2519:
2512:
2502:
2495:
2483:. Retrieved
2474:
2467:
2454:
2447:
2427:
2420:
2408:. Retrieved
2393:
2386:
2374:. Retrieved
2359:
2352:
2343:
2337:
2325:. Retrieved
2310:
2288:. Retrieved
2273:
2266:
2254:. Retrieved
2244:
2232:. Retrieved
2217:
2210:
2198:. Retrieved
2183:
2176:
2156:
2149:
2139:
2132:
2112:
2091:. Retrieved
2084:the original
2075:
2068:
2048:
2038:
2018:
2004:
1987:
1983:
1977:
1969:
1960:
1954:
1944:
1937:
1925:. Retrieved
1910:
1903:
1890:
1883:
1871:. Retrieved
1865:
1859:
1848:the original
1839:
1832:
1823:
1819:
1809:
1796:
1789:
1764:
1760:
1750:
1732:
1725:
1714:the original
1705:
1698:
1688:
1681:
1668:
1661:
1648:
1641:
1624:
1620:
1610:
1598:. Retrieved
1583:
1576:
1564:. Retrieved
1549:
1539:
1522:
1518:
1508:
1495:
1489:
1477:. Retrieved
1462:
1455:
1435:
1428:
1408:
1401:
1381:
1374:
1361:
1354:
1342:. Retrieved
1327:
1320:
1303:
1299:
1289:
1269:
1262:
1254:
1239:
1232:
1218:
1206:. Retrieved
1191:
1184:
1066:Kabir Khalil
965:
928:
905:Basketry Art
843:Saudi Arabia
820:
791:
785:
769:
762:
754:Ge'ez script
749:
743:
736:
734:and Somali.
710:
687:
642:
638:
635:Ethiosemitic
628:
577:
572:
536:first caliph
531:
517:
505:Meles Zenawi
476:
446:
379:
340:
329:putting the
316:
274:state under
268:Amda Seyon I
243:
222:Harla people
219:
181:
170:ethnic group
161:
148:
146:
21:Ethnic group
15:
3574:Falash Mura
3564:Beta Israel
3351:26 November
2567:23 February
2327:23 February
2256:28 February
1990:(1/2): 24.
1208:23 February
1108:Huda Mukbil
1102:Kemal Bedri
1081:Maria Yusuf
1051:Abun Adashe
883:Switzerland
871:Los Angeles
831:Addis Ababa
765:Addis Ababa
522:and Hadiya
493:Addis Ababa
363:Afar Region
188:of eastern
100:Sunni Islam
3889:Categories
3218:2019-03-02
2969:(24): 306.
2808:9004106618
2586:. NY times
2093:2019-02-17
1250:1581120001
1176:References
1110:, Activist
1089:, Activist
1075:Samia Gutu
799:Sofi Yahya
739:Henry Salt
675:Somaliland
595:Habr Je'lo
579:Arsi Oromo
485:Ogaden War
351:Lower Juba
168:-speaking
162:Gēy Usuach
3874:Jamaicans
3818:Shanqella
3808:Nyangatom
3716:Wolaitans
3466:Daasanach
3187:(1): 160.
2532:157882043
1306:: 25–39.
899:Australia
835:Dire Dawa
741:in 1814.
716:Blue Nile
702:loanwords
643:Gēy Ritma
639:Gey Sinan
532:Fiqi Umar
434:Lij Iyasu
408:islands,
406:Lake Zway
124:Tigrayans
82:Languages
3869:Italians
3854:Armenian
3711:Shinasha
3613:Tigrayan
3496:Kambaata
3438:Cushitic
3255:271-291.
2624:14 March
2410:14 March
2290:12 March
2234:12 March
2200:12 March
2046:(2013).
2016:(1992).
1996:43663302
1927:24 April
1742:41965996
1633:43378336
1479:12 April
1344:11 April
1127:Malassay
1115:See also
893:and the
839:Djibouti
817:Diaspora
782:Religion
613:Language
540:Abu Bakr
520:Sheekhal
449:Hararghe
347:Hargeisa
304:malassay
239:Hadhrami
226:Hararghe
190:Ethiopia
138:• other
128:Tigrinya
94:Religion
72:Ethiopia
3859:Chinese
3768:Kichepo
3651:Basketo
3559:Argobba
3546:Semitic
3526:Somalis
2710:13 July
2376:14 June
1873:9 March
1600:3 March
1566:8 March
1104:, Judge
887:Austria
879:Germany
875:Memphis
863:Toronto
859:Atlanta
847:Somalia
825:by the
772:Amharic
720:Swahili
573:"Adere"
565:Hargaya
550:to the
497:Somalis
453:Somalia
390:Karkaar
386:Argobba
365:in the
327:Somalis
241:stock.
234:Somalia
208:History
200:of the
166:Semitic
158:ጌይ ኡሱኣች
112:Argobba
3864:Greeks
3783:Majang
3633:Omotic
3608:Wolane
3603:Silt'e
3598:Harari
3581:Gurage
3554:Amhara
3531:Tsamai
3521:Sidama
3511:Qemant
3486:Hadiya
3456:Arbore
3376:
3302:
3275:
3147:: 275.
3104:
3067:
3040:
2940:
2913:
2886:
2859:
2832:
2805:
2752:
2685:7 July
2615:
2590:2 July
2530:
2485:7 July
2435:
2401:
2367:
2318:
2281:
2225:
2191:
2164:
2120:
2056:
2026:
1994:
1918:
1826:: 951.
1781:721961
1779:
1740:
1631:
1591:
1557:
1470:
1443:
1416:
1389:
1335:
1277:
1247:
1199:
1046:Ogaden
1009:Mahfuz
915:Harari
891:Sweden
873:, and
867:Dallas
788:Muslim
728:Sidama
698:Arabic
694:Somali
663:Arabic
655:Silt'e
623:Colmar
599:Sanbur
587:Sidama
583:Hadiya
569:Wargar
567:, and
557:Gidaya
524:Halaba
501:Amhara
410:Gurage
398:Jijiga
308:Gurage
252:Gaturi
248:Abadir
245:Sheikh
153:Harari
132:Siltʼe
120:Gurage
116:Amhara
88:Harari
69:
25:Harari
3833:Tirma
3828:Surma
3823:Shita
3813:Shabo
3798:Mursi
3793:Murle
3788:Mekan
3778:Kwegu
3773:Kwama
3763:Gumuz
3758:Berta
3748:Anuak
3726:Zayse
3721:Yemsa
3706:Maale
3701:Koore
3696:Konta
3691:Hamar
3676:Dorze
3666:Dawro
3661:Chara
3656:Bench
3646:Banna
3618:Werji
3536:Weyto
3506:Oromo
3501:Konso
3481:Gedeo
3476:Gabra
3471:Danta
3345:(PDF)
3212:(PDF)
3205:(PDF)
3141:(PDF)
3017:(PDF)
2782:(PDF)
2775:(PDF)
2679:(PDF)
2539:(PDF)
2528:S2CID
2524:(PDF)
2479:(PDF)
2459:(PDF)
2087:(PDF)
2080:(PDF)
1992:JSTOR
1895:(PDF)
1851:(PDF)
1844:(PDF)
1801:(PDF)
1777:JSTOR
1738:JSTOR
1717:(PDF)
1710:(PDF)
1673:(PDF)
1653:(PDF)
1629:JSTOR
1500:(PDF)
1366:(PDF)
1133:Kabir
1121:Garad
986:Harar
932:Mesob
851:Yemen
807:Sunni
792:kabir
776:Oromo
758:Latin
712:Gafat
692:than
690:Oromo
671:Zeila
659:Harla
633:, an
603:Ibran
591:Isaaq
561:Gatur
451:with
426:Islam
418:Oromo
394:Awash
359:Aussa
323:Oromo
178:Harar
40:Harar
3803:Nuer
3753:Bare
3686:Gofa
3681:Gamo
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