687:
231:
947:
31:
309:
to determine the exact arrangement of the more than 10,000 atoms that make up the protein complex. Their research increased the general understanding of the mechanisms of photosynthesis, revealed similarities between the photosynthetic processes of plants and bacteria and established a methodology
2789:
232:
301:
in 1988. Together with Michel and Huber, Deisenhofer determined the three-dimensional structure of a protein complex found in certain photosynthetic bacteria. This membrane protein complex, called a
2819:
2779:
2794:
2739:
2734:
2774:
2799:
2398:
362:
245:
for determination of the first crystal structure of an integral membrane protein, a membrane-bound complex of proteins and co-factors that is essential to
2114:
714:
2764:
457:
Iwata, S.; Ostermeier, C.; Ludwig, B.; Michel, H. (1995). "Structure at 2.8 Å resolution of cytochrome c oxidase from
Paracoccus denitrificans".
358:
2769:
2269:
2824:
384:
346:
305:, was known to play a crucial role in initiating a simple type of photosynthesis. Between 1982 and 1985, the three scientists used
2829:
653:
631:
554:(1985). "Structure of the protein subunits in the photosynthetic reaction centre of Rhodopseudomonas viridis at 3Å resolution".
2809:
2107:
707:
2754:
2238:
354:
508:
Deisenhofer, J.; Epp, O.; Miki, K.; Huber, R.; Michel, H. (1984). "X-ray structure analysis of a membrane protein complex".
723:
314:
181:
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2784:
2381:
427:
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2348:
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2338:
2333:
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2318:
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2100:
1218:
700:
605:
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338:
334:
132:
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2168:
1354:
302:
1992:
1924:
2569:
2246:
2749:
2390:
2196:
322:
148:
2834:
2596:
1042:
2642:
2412:
2164:
1155:
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406:
262:
92:
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2427:
2133:
1760:
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1147:
727:
342:
242:
225:
140:
2292:
1649:
1541:
1131:
935:
835:
65:
2744:
2374:
2359:
2207:
2032:
2020:
2008:
991:
859:
1402:
1334:
971:
912:
306:
286:
1278:
1046:
692:
2729:
2447:
2064:
1768:
1561:
1410:
1386:
1143:
1086:
563:
466:
70:
61:
8:
2613:
2608:
2258:
1968:
1705:
1673:
1585:
1549:
1242:
567:
470:
392:
2670:
2625:
2422:
2141:
2016:
1944:
1868:
1824:
1796:
1657:
1593:
1422:
1418:
1342:
1226:
686:
587:
543:
490:
350:
294:
124:
657:
521:
2557:
2367:
2252:
2188:
1836:
1804:
1637:
1621:
1477:
1262:
1011:
799:
579:
525:
482:
313:
Since 1987 he has been director of the
Molecular Membrane Biology department at the
2690:
2417:
2227:
2215:
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2056:
1984:
1908:
1872:
1820:
1741:
1629:
1505:
1485:
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1394:
1270:
1254:
1206:
1115:
963:
775:
759:
591:
571:
517:
494:
474:
341:, which is the highest honour awarded in German research. In 1988, he received the
282:
103:
1784:
2630:
2545:
2503:
2479:
2221:
2044:
2036:
1972:
1956:
1892:
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1737:
1689:
1665:
1581:
1442:
1326:
1171:
1139:
1082:
1019:
904:
831:
807:
2685:
1764:
2586:
2277:
2177:
2072:
2004:
2000:
1920:
1860:
1856:
1733:
1701:
1577:
1517:
1501:
1469:
1438:
1406:
1202:
1062:
896:
791:
767:
246:
2723:
2523:
2518:
2442:
2437:
2394:
2092:
2080:
2076:
2048:
2024:
1988:
1952:
1928:
1912:
1900:
1808:
1780:
1697:
1609:
1513:
1358:
1350:
1294:
1286:
1234:
1214:
1163:
987:
979:
843:
783:
388:
2790:
Commanders
Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
2675:
2574:
2540:
2528:
2513:
2484:
2464:
2432:
2147:
1888:
1844:
1828:
1776:
1725:
1669:
1597:
1569:
1553:
1489:
1374:
1366:
1318:
1314:
1306:
1074:
999:
815:
751:
583:
547:
435:
298:
270:
196:
171:
2648:
2636:
2619:
2602:
2580:
2563:
2551:
2534:
2497:
2490:
2453:
681:
609:
529:
486:
2459:
2124:
1976:
1960:
1940:
1936:
1713:
1685:
1681:
1645:
1613:
1565:
1533:
1066:
1054:
1034:
920:
881:
823:
290:
258:
57:
30:
2665:
1876:
1812:
1792:
1717:
1525:
1430:
1378:
1302:
1183:
1179:
1007:
238:
2508:
1497:
1123:
575:
478:
318:
261:. After compulsory military service, he studied biochemistry at the
265:, working for his final year at Dieter Oesterhelt's laboratory on
82:
2389:
656:. Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. Archived from
266:
2820:
Members of the German
National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina
2780:
Members of the Royal
Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
722:
456:
608:. Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research. Archived from
407:"Autobiographical information on Hartmut at www.nobel.org"
542:
507:
2740:
Foreign associates of the
National Academy of Sciences
2735:
Members of the
European Molecular Biology Organization
363:
Foreign Member of the Royal
Society (ForMemRS) in 2005
2795:
Recipients of the Order of Merit of Baden-Württemberg
2775:Foreign members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
2721:
321:, Germany, and professor of biochemistry at the
285:– essential for their structure elucidation by
281:Hartmut later worked on the crystallisation of
2122:
359:Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
2800:Academic staff of Goethe University Frankfurt
2375:
2108:
708:
353:in 1989. In 1995 he became a member of the
252:
2382:
2368:
2115:
2101:
715:
701:
685:
379:
377:
29:
357:. He also became a foreign member of the
347:Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research
2765:Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize winners
634:. German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina
374:
345:. He received the Bijvoet Medal at the
2722:
276:
66:American Zone, Allied-occupied Germany
2363:
2096:
696:
355:German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina
328:
310:for crystallising membrane proteins.
224:
2770:Foreign members of the Royal Society
385:"Professor Hartmut Michel ForMemRS"
315:Max Planck Institute for Biophysics
182:Max Planck Institute for Biophysics
13:
14:
2846:
675:
237:; born 18 July 1948) is a German
945:
339:Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
335:Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize
257:He was born on 18 July 1948 in
133:Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize
2830:Max Planck Institute directors
646:
624:
598:
536:
501:
450:
420:
399:
303:photosynthetic reaction center
1:
2825:University of Tübingen alumni
2810:Researchers of photosynthesis
522:10.1016/S0022-2836(84)80011-X
368:
2755:Nobel laureates in Chemistry
2570:John Richard Anthony Pearson
510:Journal of Molecular Biology
7:
2649:Ernest Marshall Wright
2197:United Nations peacekeeping
323:Goethe University Frankfurt
10:
2851:
361:in 1995. He was elected a
2805:Scientists from Frankfurt
2785:Max Planck Society people
2699:
2658:
2498:Philip Richard Evans
2405:
2287:
2268:
2237:
2206:
2187:
2163:
2132:
1751:
1452:
1193:
954:
943:
734:
333:In 1986, he received the
226:[ˈhaʁtmuːtˈmɪçl̩]
191:
187:
177:
167:
160:
117:
109:
98:
88:
78:
40:
28:
21:
2815:Bijvoet Medal recipients
1869:Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
1148:Wendell Meredith Stanley
728:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
343:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
253:Education and early life
243:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
241:, who received the 1988
141:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
2620:Daniel St Johnston
2581:Nicholas Proudfoot
2552:Roger Ervin Miller
2760:German Nobel laureates
2603:Peter John Sadler
2293:Nobel Prize recipients
2239:Physiology or Medicine
2033:Emmanuelle Charpentier
2021:M. Stanley Whittingham
992:Hans von Euler-Chelpin
263:University of Tübingen
93:University of Tübingen
35:Hartmut Michel in 2013
1403:Christian B. Anfinsen
1043:Frédéric Joliot-Curie
546:; Epp, O.; Miki, K.;
307:X-ray crystallography
287:X-ray crystallography
222:German pronunciation:
2480:Julian Downward
2448:Deborah Charlesworth
2065:Karl Barry Sharpless
1562:Dudley R. Herschbach
1387:Luis Federico Leloir
612:on 12 September 2017
2614:David Spiegelhalter
2609:Christopher Snowden
2535:Thomas Masters
2259:George H. Hitchings
2057:Carolyn R. Bertozzi
1969:Jean-Pierre Sauvage
1706:Jens Christian Skou
1674:F. Sherwood Rowland
1586:Charles J. Pedersen
1550:Herbert A. Hauptman
1243:Vincent du Vigneaud
860:Richard Willstätter
744:Jacobus van 't Hoff
660:on 13 February 2016
568:1985Natur.318..618D
471:1995Natur.376..660I
428:"P3 Hartmut Michel"
395:on 26 October 2015.
277:Career and research
102:Crystallisation of
2750:German biochemists
2671:Catherine Cesarsky
2626:Lloyd N. Trefethen
2454:John Collinge
2443:Luca Cardelli
2423:Laurence D. Barron
2142:Johann Deisenhofer
2017:John B. Goodenough
1945:William E. Moerner
1825:Richard R. Schrock
1797:Roderick MacKinnon
1769:K. Barry Sharpless
1594:Johann Deisenhofer
1423:Geoffrey Wilkinson
1419:Ernst Otto Fischer
1343:Robert S. Mulliken
1279:Jaroslav Heyrovský
1227:Hermann Staudinger
1047:Irène Joliot-Curie
684:on Nobelprize.org
351:Utrecht University
329:Awards and honours
295:Johann Deisenhofer
289:. He received the
125:Max Delbruck Prize
2835:Crystallographers
2715:
2714:
2592:Douglas Ross
2564:Ian Paterson
2558:Michael J. Morgan
2491:Robert Evans
2428:Andrew Blake
2357:
2356:
2270:Economic Sciences
2253:Gertrude B. Elion
2090:
2089:
2073:Moungi G. Bawendi
1993:Richard Henderson
1837:Roger D. Kornberg
1805:Aaron Ciechanover
1638:Rudolph A. Marcus
1542:Robert Merrifield
1478:Peter D. Mitchell
1251:Cyril Hinshelwood
1012:Friedrich Bergius
936:Richard Zsigmondy
852:Theodore Richards
800:Ernest Rutherford
319:Frankfurt am Main
283:membrane proteins
215:
214:
162:Scientific career
153:
145:
137:
129:
104:membrane proteins
71:Baden-Württemberg
62:Württemberg-Baden
16:German biochemist
2842:
2637:Colin Watts
2460:Paul Corkum
2418:Martin T. Barlow
2384:
2377:
2370:
2361:
2360:
2295:
2228:Jack Steinberger
2216:Leon M. Lederman
2199:(United Nations)
2117:
2110:
2103:
2094:
2093:
2083:
2081:Alexei I. Ekimov
2067:
2061:Morten P. Meldal
2051:
2039:
2027:
2011:
1995:
1985:Jacques Dubochet
1979:
1963:
1947:
1931:
1915:
1909:Robert Lefkowitz
1903:
1895:
1879:
1873:Thomas A. Steitz
1863:
1847:
1839:
1831:
1821:Robert H. Grubbs
1815:
1799:
1787:
1771:
1744:
1742:Hideki Shirakawa
1728:
1720:
1708:
1692:
1676:
1660:
1652:
1640:
1632:
1630:Richard R. Ernst
1624:
1616:
1604:
1588:
1572:
1556:
1544:
1536:
1528:
1520:
1508:
1506:Frederick Sanger
1492:
1486:Herbert C. Brown
1480:
1472:
1464:
1462:William Lipscomb
1445:
1433:
1425:
1413:
1397:
1395:Gerhard Herzberg
1389:
1381:
1369:
1361:
1345:
1337:
1329:
1321:
1309:
1297:
1289:
1281:
1273:
1271:Frederick Sanger
1265:
1257:
1255:Nikolay Semyonov
1245:
1237:
1229:
1221:
1209:
1207:Glenn T. Seaborg
1186:
1174:
1166:
1158:
1150:
1134:
1132:Artturi Virtanen
1126:
1118:
1116:George de Hevesy
1110:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1089:
1077:
1069:
1057:
1049:
1037:
1029:
1028:
1022:
1014:
1002:
994:
982:
974:
972:Heinrich Wieland
966:
964:Theodor Svedberg
949:
948:
938:
930:
929:
923:
915:
907:
899:
891:
890:
884:
876:
875:
869:
868:
862:
854:
846:
838:
826:
818:
810:
802:
794:
786:
778:
776:Adolf von Baeyer
770:
762:
760:Svante Arrhenius
754:
746:
717:
710:
703:
694:
693:
689:
670:
669:
667:
665:
650:
644:
643:
641:
639:
632:"Hartmut Michel"
628:
622:
621:
619:
617:
602:
596:
595:
576:10.1038/318618a0
562:(6047): 618–24.
540:
534:
533:
505:
499:
498:
479:10.1038/376660a0
454:
448:
447:
445:
443:
434:. Archived from
424:
418:
417:
415:
413:
403:
397:
396:
391:. Archived from
381:
236:
235:
234:
228:
223:
211:
208:
206:
204:
202:
200:
198:
151:
143:
135:
127:
54:
50:
48:
33:
19:
18:
2850:
2849:
2845:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2840:
2839:
2720:
2719:
2716:
2711:
2707:Leonard Wolfson
2695:
2654:
2631:Richard S. Ward
2546:Goverdhan Mehta
2504:Alastair Fitter
2401:
2388:
2358:
2353:
2291:
2283:
2264:
2261:(United States)
2255:(United States)
2249:(Great Britain)
2233:
2230:(United States)
2224:(United States)
2222:Melvin Schwartz
2218:(United States)
2202:
2183:
2159:
2128:
2121:
2091:
2086:
2070:
2054:
2045:David MacMillan
2042:
2037:Jennifer Doudna
2030:
2014:
1998:
1982:
1973:Fraser Stoddart
1966:
1957:Paul L. Modrich
1950:
1934:
1918:
1906:
1898:
1893:Ei-ichi Negishi
1885:Richard F. Heck
1882:
1866:
1853:Osamu Shimomura
1850:
1842:
1834:
1818:
1802:
1790:
1774:
1761:William Knowles
1758:
1747:
1738:Alan MacDiarmid
1731:
1723:
1711:
1695:
1690:Richard Smalley
1679:
1666:Paul J. Crutzen
1663:
1655:
1643:
1635:
1627:
1619:
1607:
1591:
1582:Jean-Marie Lehn
1575:
1559:
1547:
1539:
1531:
1523:
1511:
1495:
1483:
1475:
1467:
1459:
1448:
1443:Vladimir Prelog
1436:
1428:
1416:
1400:
1392:
1384:
1372:
1364:
1348:
1340:
1335:Robert Woodward
1332:
1327:Dorothy Hodgkin
1324:
1312:
1300:
1292:
1284:
1276:
1268:
1260:
1248:
1240:
1232:
1224:
1212:
1200:
1189:
1177:
1172:William Giauque
1169:
1161:
1156:Robert Robinson
1153:
1140:James B. Sumner
1137:
1129:
1121:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1087:Leopold Ružička
1083:Adolf Butenandt
1080:
1072:
1060:
1052:
1040:
1032:
1026:
1025:
1020:Irving Langmuir
1017:
1005:
997:
985:
977:
969:
961:
950:
946:
941:
933:
927:
926:
918:
910:
905:Frederick Soddy
902:
894:
888:
887:
879:
873:
872:
866:
865:
857:
849:
841:
832:Victor Grignard
829:
821:
813:
808:Wilhelm Ostwald
805:
797:
789:
781:
773:
765:
757:
749:
741:
730:
721:
678:
673:
663:
661:
652:
651:
647:
637:
635:
630:
629:
625:
615:
613:
606:"Bijvoet Medal"
604:
603:
599:
544:Deisenhofer, J.
541:
537:
506:
502:
465:(6542): 660–9.
455:
451:
441:
439:
438:on 3 March 2017
426:
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421:
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409:
405:
404:
400:
383:
382:
375:
371:
331:
279:
255:
230:
229:
221:
195:
156:
89:Alma mater
74:
68:
55:
52:
46:
44:
36:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2848:
2838:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2709:
2703:
2701:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2681:Hartmut Michel
2678:
2673:
2668:
2662:
2660:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2652:
2645:
2640:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2599:
2597:Philip Russell
2594:
2589:
2587:Trevor Robbins
2584:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2560:
2555:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2509:Uta Frith
2506:
2501:
2494:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2409:
2407:
2403:
2402:
2387:
2386:
2379:
2372:
2364:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2281:
2278:Maurice Allais
2274:
2272:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2262:
2256:
2250:
2247:James W. Black
2243:
2241:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2231:
2225:
2219:
2212:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2193:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2181:
2178:Naguib Mahfouz
2174:
2172:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2157:
2154:Hartmut Michel
2151:
2145:
2138:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2120:
2119:
2112:
2105:
2097:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2084:
2068:
2052:
2040:
2028:
2012:
2005:Gregory Winter
2001:Frances Arnold
1996:
1980:
1964:
1948:
1932:
1925:Michael Levitt
1921:Martin Karplus
1916:
1904:
1896:
1880:
1864:
1861:Roger Y. Tsien
1857:Martin Chalfie
1848:
1840:
1832:
1816:
1800:
1788:
1772:
1755:
1753:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1745:
1734:Alan J. Heeger
1729:
1721:
1709:
1702:John E. Walker
1693:
1677:
1661:
1653:
1641:
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53:(age 76)
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2514:David Gadsby
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2475:John Diffley
2465:John Croxall
2452:
2433:Harry Bryden
2413:James Barber
2323:
2153:
2148:Robert Huber
2009:George Smith
1889:Akira Suzuki
1845:Gerhard Ertl
1829:Yves Chauvin
1777:John B. Fenn
1765:Ryoji Noyori
1752:2001–present
1726:Ahmed Zewail
1686:Harold Kroto
1670:Mario Molina
1601:
1598:Robert Huber
1570:John Polanyi
1554:Jerome Karle
1490:Georg Wittig
1375:Derek Barton
1367:Lars Onsager
1319:Giulio Natta
1315:Karl Ziegler
1307:John Kendrew
1075:Richard Kuhn
1000:Hans Fischer
816:Otto Wallach
752:Emil Fischer
662:. Retrieved
658:the original
648:
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614:. Retrieved
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393:the original
332:
312:
299:Robert Huber
280:
271:halobacteria
269:activity of
256:
217:
216:
178:Institutions
172:Biochemistry
161:
51:18 July 1948
2730:1948 births
2125:Nobel Prize
1977:Ben Feringa
1961:Aziz Sancar
1941:Stefan Hell
1937:Eric Betzig
1714:Walter Kohn
1682:Robert Curl
1658:George Olah
1646:Kary Mullis
1622:Elias Corey
1614:Thomas Cech
1566:Yuan T. Lee
1534:Henry Taube
1067:Paul Karrer
1055:Peter Debye
1035:Harold Urey
921:Fritz Pregl
882:Fritz Haber
824:Marie Curie
664:13 February
654:"H. Michel"
291:Nobel Prize
259:Ludwigsburg
79:Nationality
58:Ludwigsburg
2724:Categories
2666:Raoul Bott
2470:Tom Curran
2165:Literature
1813:Irwin Rose
1793:Peter Agre
1718:John Pople
1526:Aaron Klug
1431:Paul Flory
1379:Odd Hassel
1303:Max Perutz
1184:Kurt Alder
1180:Otto Diels
1008:Carl Bosch
552:Michel, H.
387:. London:
369:References
239:biochemist
73:, Germany)
47:1948-07-18
2156:(Germany)
2150:(Germany)
2144:(Germany)
2134:Chemistry
2127:laureates
1498:Paul Berg
1453:1976–2000
1194:1951–1975
1124:Otto Hahn
955:1926–1950
735:1901–1925
724:Laureates
548:Huber, R.
412:4 October
2700:Honorary
2397:elected
2280:(France)
584:22439175
442:30 March
199:.biophys
149:ForMemRS
69:(now in
2659:Foreign
2406:Fellows
2399:in 2005
2393:of the
2391:Fellows
2208:Physics
2180:(Egypt)
726:of the
592:1551692
564:Bibcode
530:6392571
495:4345523
487:7651515
467:Bibcode
337:of the
207:/michel
192:Website
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638:1 June
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556:Nature
528:
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459:Nature
267:ATPase
168:Fields
152:(2005)
144:(1988)
136:(1986)
128:(1986)
118:Awards
110:Spouse
83:German
2324:1988
2189:Peace
2123:1988
588:S2CID
491:S2CID
209:.html
2349:1993
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2169:1988
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1027:1933
928:1924
889:1919
874:1917
867:1916
666:2016
640:2021
618:2017
580:PMID
526:PMID
483:PMID
444:2011
414:2021
297:and
201:.mpg
41:Born
572:doi
560:318
518:doi
514:180
475:doi
463:376
349:of
317:in
205:/en
203:.de
197:www
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