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centers within the region, with numerous other medical research institutes pursuing initiatives on various medical advances including issues like cancer and
Parkinson's Disease treatments, as well as stem-cell research. However, the Palestinians lack a fundamental and substantive primary care system that can reach out to the local population. Infrastructural challenges restrict the movement of physicians and medical supplies, and lack of efficient logistics prevents a coordinated effort by all healthcare service providers to provide the necessary primary care. Because all medicines must be sourced through Israel, the PA is unable to take advantage of lower prices often available in Arab countries.
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demographic shifts present interesting challenges and opportunities to the healthcare system in the
Palestinian Territories. While there is a socialized healthcare system within the Palestinian Territories that provides universal and compulsory enrollment for all citizens, the healthcare provided in this universal plan is far below the normal standard of care accorded to healthy individuals. These inadequate healthcare provisions, along with improper preventative care and lifestyle choices, contribute to the four primary causes of death within the region, which include cardiovascular disease, cancer, cerebrovascular disease, and diabetes.
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216:. Additionally, the 2004 Public Health Law spans 13 chapters and 85 provisions, and covers issues such as women and children's health, combating disease, environmental health, and public health infrastructure. Importantly, the law requires the MOH to offer certain types of health services to Palestinians including preventative, diagnostic, curative, rehabilitative and emergency care. In addition to establishing the MOH as the governmental source of health care provision, the law assigns the ministry responsibility for regulating the other three health care sectors.
536:(USAID), the PNA plans to upgrade its HIS from paper based to electronic, the first such system in the Arab Middle East. A central database is to provide computerized and up to date information on matters such as medical professionals, patient medical records, and prescription drug use. In addition to streamlining information on individual patients across all medical facilities, the data gathered will be used for research, enabling the medical community to pinpoint health trends and incidence of disease more accurately than ever before.
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limitations on the amounts of construction material being imported to the region. According to the
Israeli government, it has imposed no restrictions whatever on medical supplies and equipment since 2010. In any case, supplies could be imported through Gaza's border with Egypt. Additionally, Palestinian officials maintain that the quality of health care professionals in Gaza has been hampered as they are often not permitted to travel abroad to conventions and training sessions where they can advance their skills and knowledge.
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medical technology, and various governmental provisions have allowed per-capita funding to increase, and therefore the overall health of residents in the region to increase. Additionally, the enhanced access to and funding from international organizations like the World Health
Organization, the United Nations, the Palestinian Ministry of Health, and the World Bank Education and Health Rehabilitation Project have contributed to the current state of affairs within the healthcare segment of the Palestinian territories.
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in this field. Finally, addressing demographic trends within the region, like differing pregnancy rates and mortality rates, will be necessary to enhance the state of health affairs that the
Palestinian territories face. This article addresses each of these issues in more explanatory detail, giving an overview of the major legal and ethical developments in healthcare within the Palestinian territories, and discussing further obstacles that the region faces due to infrastructural and political barriers.
24:
340:, which states that "the Occupying Power has the duty of ensuring and maintaining, with the cooperation of national and local authorities, the medical and hospital establishments and services, public health and hygiene in the occupied territory, with particular reference to the adoption and application of the prophylactic and preventive measures necessary to combat the spread of contagious diseases and epidemics." However, the recent escalation of violence between Israel and Hamas
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activity at all. The
Palestinian National Health Strategy attempts to address and mitigate these health issues within the region by suggesting to citizens appropriate diet and exercise routines, providing good governance and leadership in overseeing and regulating the Palestinian health sector, and providing a framework for citizens to have access to and receive high quality, safe health care.
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income. In regards to the right to health amongst the adult population, the country achieves 95.4% of what is expected based on the nation's level of income. Palestine falls into the "very bad" category when evaluating the right to reproductive health because the nation is fulfilling only 58.7% of what the nation is expected to achieve based on the resources (income) it has available.
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likely to be classified as refugees and therefore to have access to services provided by UNRWA. Palestinians are most likely to visit NGOs when they require mental health counseling, physical therapy and rehabilitation, and medical training and they are least likely to use NGOs for emergency care, routine check-ups, and maternity and pediatric needs. The
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ascendancy of the Hamas government in Gaza, the PNA's MOH no longer serves a governmental function in Gaza healthcare, having been replaced by Hamas. The majority of funding for MOH services emanates from foreign aid and taxes. Public sector spending represents about 32% of health care expenditure in the
Palestinian territories.
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medicine. Some private health insurance programs have been established, though with limited popularity. Many
Palestinians with means self-pay for health services not available to them through other avenues and private expenditure comprises roughly 37% of all spending on health care in Gaza and the West Bank.
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The PNA has identified government expenditure on health care to be unsustainable in the long term absent alterations in financing mechanisms. Approximately 30.5% of those enjoying health care provisions from the government do not currently pay into the system, causing the PNA to incur debt or rely on
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refers to the governmental and private healthcare providers to which residents in the claimed territory have access. Since 1967, there have been improvements in the access to healthcare and the overall general health conditions for residents. Advances in training, increased access to state-of-the-art
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reality facing the PNA, the PNA believes that there are certain areas for which progress is under its direct control and attainable. These areas have been identified in the MOH's recently issued
National Health Strategy, which was assembled in conjunction with representatives from the aforementioned
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To provide an informative overview of the current state of healthcare within the
Palestinian Territories, some statistical information about the current system will provide greater clarity on the state of affairs. Currently, the Palestinian territories have approximately sixty hospitals and medical
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survey found that 11.7% of Palestinians used NGOs most frequently for their health needs. 13.3% of households in the West Bank relied on NGOs compared to 8.1% of households in Gaza. The World Bank report explained that fewer NGOs operate in Gaza than in the West Bank and that Gaza residents are more
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However, while many efforts at enhancing the state of health affairs within the Palestinian territories have shown improvement, there are still efforts to be made. Continued efforts to recognize and address the geopolitical barriers will be necessary in order to continue to have significant success
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to that region since 2007, preventing the importation of essential medical equipment and prescription drugs. In recent years, periodic battles between Hamas militants and the Israeli Military have resulted in much damage to the medical infrastructure in Gaza which cannot be readily repaired due to
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Among Palestinians aged 15ā64 years, 58% of them are overweight, 36% have high levels of cholesterol, and 8.5% have diabetes mellitus. Additional contributors to poor health include a large prevalence (38%) of men who smoke, and that 75% of Palestinians who do not engage in any vigorous physical
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jurisdiction will be mandated to purchase insurance from the government. Currently, mandates to purchase the PNA's insurance extend only to civil servants and retirees. The PNA hopes that a universal scheme will stabilize revenues and reduce inefficiencies. To meet the new demands that universal
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jurisdiction over the people of Gaza and the PNA hopes to implement in Gaza the same reforms underway in the West Bank at such a time as this would be possible. However, the National Health Strategy makes no mention of the refugees living in Jordan, Lebanon and Syria as the Oslo Accords maintain
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The Palestinian Authority and the Vital Statistics Records in the Palestinian Territories records births in the region, and recent research suggests that the fertility rate of Palestinians is nearly at an all-time historical high. In fact, 46% of the population is under 15 years of age. These
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Since its inception in 1948, UNRWA has had jurisdiction over the social services of Palestinian refugees . The organization has money in its budget (which is determined by the UN) to provide free health services to eligible Palestinians living in the West Bank and in Gaza provided that they are
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as a major health challenge. Hospitals in the West Bank and in Gaza are sometimes not equipped to deal with more advanced medical problems and procedures. In such cases, doctors will refer their patients to more sophisticated treatment centers in Israel. Such treatment is often delayed by the
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While an immunization policy for Palestinian infants has recently been implemented, a policy for young adults and adults does not exist. According to the World Bank, only 44 percent of all Palestinians have access to "reasonable and customary" healthcare. In other words, only 44 percent of all
271:, a British government agency, found that a visit to an NGO-run primary health clinic cost twice as much as a visit to a government clinic and four times as much as a visit to a UNRWA facility. In 2004, DFID reported that NGOs employed 33% of workers in the Palestinian health sector, while the
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Through its Ministry of Health (MOH), the PNA provides health services to Palestinians under its jurisdiction in accordance with the Constitution and the Public Health Law. Additionally, the PNA government insurance plan is the principal insurance provider in the PNA run territories. Since the
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The Human Rights Measurement Initiative finds that Palestine is fulfilling 83.8% of what it should be fulfilling for the right to health based on its level of income. When looking at the right to health with respect to children, Palestine achieves 97.4% of what is expected based on its current
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Besides the problems posed by the conflict with Israel, a major challenge to health care in the PNA territories is the fact that the PNA is currently not at liberty to physically implement policy in Gaza. Currently, the extent of its involvement in Gaza health care is limited to the financial
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to hospitals in east Jerusalem are often delayed or denied at security checkpoints. Moreover, within the West Bank, mobility is limited as residents must pass through Israeli checkpoints in order to travel in between various West Bank cities. This means that West Bank residents have trouble
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The private health care space has grown in recent years with the advent of privately held hospitals, pharmacies, laboratories, and rehabilitation centers. A nascent pharmaceutical industry has also developed, which is able to supply about one half of total Palestinian demand for prescription
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major "sectors" of the Palestinian health system. The ideas set forth in this document currently serve as the basis of reform. It is important to note that the PNA believes that the future policies inherent in its National Health Strategy also apply to Gazans, in spite of Hamas'
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registered as refugees. As of 2012, the UNRWA provides health services to 727,471 people in the West Bank through some 42 primary health centers and to 1,167,572 Gazans through 21 Primary Health centers. The UNRWA finances about 24% of all health care spending in Palestine.
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Vitullo, Anita, Abdelnasser Soboh, Jenny Oskarsson, Tasneem Atatrah, Mohamed Lafi, and Tony Laurance. "Barriers to the Access to Health Services in the Occupied Palestinian Territory: A Cohort Study." (n.d.): n. pag. Abstract. The Lancet (2012): n. pag.
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Barghouti, Mustafa and Ibrahim Daibes. Infrastructure and Health Services in the West Bank: Guidelines for Health-Care Planning. Ramallah: The Health Development Information Project, in Cooperation with the World Health Organization,
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accessing health care providers located in other nearby West Bank towns. The limited mobility has even more serious ramifications in emergency situations wherein ambulances traveling in between West Bank towns experience delays.
208:, the two documents comprising the legal framework of PNA health care are the 2003 Palestinian Constitution and the 2004 Public Health Law. In its articles concerning health care, the constitution requires that the PNA regulate
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donations to cover the difference. Moreover, in recent years, participation in the government's health plan has been on the decline, leaving the MOH with fewer revenues. In response, the PNA is currently considering adopting a
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of Gaza into internal displacement and thus homelessness, further exacerbating the overcrowded conditions of Gaza; and through the 16 May 2021 Israeli airstrikes of the residential building, which resulted in the killing of
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these individuals under UNRWA jurisdiction until final negotiations can determine their status. Hence, the plan does not take into account a potential future resettlement of refugees.
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155:(HDCA) had been responsible for overseeing health care in the occupied territories. During this time, HDCA's work was greatly supported by three other major sources of health care:
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Barghouti, Mustafa. Palestinian Health: Toward a Healthy Development Strategy in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Jerusalem: Union of Palestinian Medical Relief Committees, 1993.
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put the figure at 26% in 2005. In 2003, Palestinian NGOs received $ 54 million from donors, out of about $ 240 million donated for healthcare in the Palestinian territories.
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Palestinians have access to all of the treatment that they should. This leaves a startling 56 percent of the population with access to little or no healthcare whatsoever.
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471:. This high prevalence of mental distress among the Palestinian population has been attributed to the intersection of a number of factors, including exposure to
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Palestinian Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) bankrolled by private benefactors encompass a sizable portion of the health care economy in the PNA. A
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militias forcibly expelled all rivals from Gaza, bringing Gaza firmly under Hamas control. Hence, as of 2007, the PNA's control does not extend to Gaza
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control, the PNA still contributes financially to health care in Gaza by assisting with salaries of some health officials and sending medical supplies.
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of the population within the recognized State of Palestine have received COVID-19 vaccinations, which is a total 4.21% below the global average of
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897:; Bossert, Thomas; Hunter, David J; Alsayed, Fahed; Moatti, Jean-Paul (1 April 2009). "The health-care system: an assessment and reform agenda".
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1249:"Effects of armed conflict on access to emergency health care in Palestinian West Bank: Systematic collection of data in emergency departments"
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and guarantees health care to the following classes of people: the injured, prisoners of war, families of dead resistance fighters, and the
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Shehadeh, Raja. From Occupation to Interim Accords: Israel and the Palestinian Territories. London: Kluwer Law International, 1997. Print.
365:, physician chief of internal medicine at Gaza's Al-Shifa Hospital, where he also served as the director of coronavirus response efforts.
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coverage would place on the system, the PNA will first have to make substantial investments in the MOH's administrative capabilities.
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that could write laws pertaining to the economic, security, educational and health care needs of Gaza and West Bank Palestinians.
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has been described as among the worst in the world, with over half of Palestinian adults meeting the diagnostic threshold for
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1469:"Performing Prudently Under Pressure: Health Financing Reform and the Rationalization of Public Sector Health Expenditures"
127:(PNA) that could administer the occupied territories. The accords transferred jurisdiction over Palestinians living in the
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Until 2007, PNA healthcare policy was fully exercisable in both the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. However, in the 2007
661:"Human Rights Measurement Initiative ā The first global initiative to track the human rights performance of countries"
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According to the WHO, the residents of Gaza are in a particularly precarious position given Israeli tensions with the
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The World Bank, Developing the Occupied Territories: An Investment in Peace. Washington D.C.: The World Bank, 1993.
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2015:
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1144:"SSA - POMS: GN 00307.742 - Vital Statistics Records in the Palestinian-Administered Territories - 11/04/2010"
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1169:"Health conditions in the OPT, Golan - WHO 66th World Health Assembly - Secretariat report (12 April 2013)"
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2008:
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1512:"WHO EMRO | Palestinian National Institute of Public Health | Programmes | Palestine"
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as "incomplete, fragmented, unreliable, and outdated". With $ 86 million in assistance from the
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and a significant portion of Palestinian children experiencing mental distress, particularly in
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1415:"The intersection of economic conditions, trauma and mental health in the West Bank and Gaza"
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Israeli bureaucratic process which has to approve requests. Ambulances traveling from the
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from Israel to the PNA, whose charter calls for the creation of a democratically elected
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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Hamdan, Motasem, Ph.D. "Health Care Policy in Palestine: Challenges and Opportunities."
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1075:"Huge Disparities Between Israeli, Palestinian Health-care Systems, Says Rights Group"
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Health in Judea, Samaria and Gaza: 1967-1994. Jerusalem: The Ministry of Health, 1994.
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1384:"Trapped: The impact of 15 years of blockade on the mental health of Gaza's children"
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Rytter, M. J. H.; Kjaeldgaard, A. L.; BrĆønnum-Hansen, H.; Helweg-Larsen, K. (2006).
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The mental health of Palestinians has been described as among the worst in the world
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998:"The Role and Performance of Palestinian NGOs in Health, Education and Agriculture"
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753:"Health in the West Bank: Inside the Health Department of the Civil Administration"
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http://www.thisweekinpalestine.com/details.php?id=3227&ed=187&edid=187
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1537:"National Health Information System of Palestine - Implemented by DataSel"
115:. The accords were facilitated by the international community, led by the
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World Health Organization - Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean
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United States security assistance to the Palestinian National Authority
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and the corresponding transfer of jurisdiction, the PNA established a
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1104:"PIJ.ORG: Palestinian Health Care: Neglect and Crisis By Neve Gordon"
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control of the region. Per the Oslo Accords, the PNA still maintains
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2000:
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The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic emerged in the State of Palestine on
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Committee for the Propagation of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice
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Mobile Clinic Medical day for women In Azbat Jarrad village, near
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974:. United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees.
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1413:
Aghajanian, Alia; Finn, Arden; Mohammad, Nadir (14 June 2023).
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952:. United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees
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Foreign Affairs Minister of the Palestinian National Authority
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170:(MOH) to administrate healthcare in Gaza and the West Bank.
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111:(PLO) reached a series of pacts collectively known as the
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Hamas government. Hamas claims that Israel has severely
1364:
1412:
870:"Palestinian Legislative Council Public Health Law"
815:"U.S. Foreign Aid to the Palestinians (FY2012-2013)"
287:
220:
Major sources of health care and health expenditure
1297:"The myth of an Israeli siege on Gaza 17 Aug 2014"
534:United States Agency for International Development
488:Though the challenges above stem largely from the
1230:"I'm old and sick and my family can't be with me"
758:. The Civil Administration of Judea and Samaria.
320:below the State of Israel's total vaccination of
3170:
1342:"Mental health in Palestine among world's worst"
35:. The reason given is: needs a thorough update.
2016:
1609:
841:"Gaza's hospital stock running on near empty"
577:"Palestinian Health Care: Neglect and Crisis"
153:Health Department of the Civil Administration
143:Establishment of the PNA's Ministry of Health
99:Oslo Accords and the establishment of the PNA
515:whereby all Palestinian residents under its
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1067:
551:List of hospitals in the State of Palestine
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2009:
1616:
1602:
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1370:
1565:"Mental Health in the West Bank and Gaza"
1272:
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123:. The accords established an autonomous
785:"Hamas wins the battle for Gaza control"
447:
291:
273:Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics
269:Department for International Development
246:
2175:Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon
2128:Palestinian Declaration of Independence
634:
352:for COVID-19 at Rimal Clinic"; of over
174:De facto secession of Gaza from the PNA
3171:
2428:Legal status of the State of Palestine
1623:
1445:"Palestinian National Health Strategy"
1059:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
691:
689:
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348:after Israel's bombardment of Gaza's "
332:by human rights organizations, citing
2243:2009 Hamas political violence in Gaza
2004:
1597:
1339:
523:
484:Reforms: The National Health Strategy
385:
3179:Healthcare in the State of Palestine
2919:Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation
2526:Palestinian National Security Forces
2133:Years in the Palestinian territories
2030:
1321:from the original on 12 January 2013
978:from the original on 16 January 2013
79:Healthcare in the State of Palestine
17:
1481:from the original on 24 August 2012
765:from the original on 9 October 2013
682:
628:
505:
380:
326:successful COVID-19 vaccine program
13:
342:between 10 May 2021 to 11 May 2021
159:, the UN, and the private sector.
14:
3190:
2574:International aid to Palestinians
1581:from the original on 2 April 2024
1175:from the original on 2 April 2015
1010:from the original on 18 June 2012
697:"Palestine - HRMI Rights Tracker"
328:". Such praise has been met with
278:
109:Palestine Liberation Organization
2569:Diplomatic missions in Palestine
2564:Diplomatic missions of Palestine
2554:Palestine and the United Nations
1984:
1975:
1974:
1549:from the original on 2021-12-05.
1425:from the original on 15 May 2024
1394:from the original on 15 May 2024
1352:from the original on 15 May 2024
875:. April 23, 2005. Archived from
838:
637:"Health Challenges in Palestine"
546:Health in the State of Palestine
528:The WHO has described the PNA's
440:This section is an excerpt from
434:
288:Data about the healthcare system
224:
67:
58:
22:
2531:Palestinian Preventive Security
2473:Palestinian Legislative Council
2386:Palestinian National Initiative
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1518:from the original on 2016-03-04
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1307:
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1201:from the original on 2015-04-02
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1085:from the original on 2015-11-03
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862:
851:from the original on 2022-08-14
832:
821:from the original on 2015-04-02
807:
777:
745:
727:
707:from the original on 2023-03-29
671:from the original on 2023-03-29
530:Health Information System (HIS)
513:single-payer health care system
233:
2679:Palestinian citizens of Israel
2418:Palestinian political violence
1942:British Indian Ocean Territory
1340:Hoyle, Charlie (12 May 2017).
791:. 15 June 2007. Archived from
718:
653:
619:
610:
600:
591:
568:
431:contributions it makes there.
344:exacerbated this disparity by
324:, drawing praise to Israel's "
199:
157:Non-governmental organizations
147:Since 1967, a division of the
125:Palestinian National Authority
1:
2488:Gaza Strip (Hamas-controlled)
1003:. World Bank. December 2006.
911:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60111-2
893:Mataria, Awad; Khatib, Rana;
561:
475:, poor living conditions and
242:
2634:Palestine Monetary Authority
2468:Palestinian National Council
2259:Hamas-Jund Ansar Allah clash
635:Mahmoud, Adel (2013-03-05).
419:obstructed the flow of goods
296:Life expectancy in Palestine
7:
2627:Water supply and sanitation
2413:Palestinian right of return
2103:History of the Palestinians
1265:10.1136/bmj.38793.695081.AE
735:"Declaration of Principles"
539:
103:Between 1993 and 1995, the
10:
3195:
2814:Postage stamps and history
2450:West Bank (SOP-controlled)
1557:
665:humanrightsmeasurement.org
556:Mental health in Palestine
442:Mental health in Palestine
439:
350:central testing laboratory
93:
3141:
3101:
3051:
3044:
2939:
2859:
2749:universities and colleges
2642:
2582:
2544:
2518:
2486:
2448:
2441:
2355:International recognition
2341:
2271:
2251:
2228:
2220:Dawson's Field hijackings
2210:
2150:
2143:
2039:
1970:
1929:
1889:
1631:
426:Lack of control over Gaza
31:This article needs to be
2914:PalestineāIsrael Journal
1691:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
1195:"ŁŲ²Ų§Ų±Ų© Ų§ŁŲµŲŲ© Ų§ŁŁŁŲ³Ų·ŁŁŁŲ©"
581:Palestine-Israel Journal
477:restrictions on movement
338:Fourth Geneva Convention
2924:Palestinian Media Watch
2908:The Palestine Telegraph
2252:Hamas-Salafist conflict
2170:1948 Palestinian exodus
2165:1947ā1949 Palestine war
2113:Palestinian nationalism
1952:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
641:Science & Diplomacy
407:Palestinian territories
358:77,000 new Palestinians
2711:Costume and embroidery
2664:Palestinian Christians
453:
297:
259:
192:. Despite its lack of
575:Gordon, Neve (1997).
451:
346:spiking cases in Gaza
295:
250:
2333:World Heritage Sites
2328:Depopulated villages
2230:FatahāHamas conflict
2108:Slavery in Palestine
1866:United Arab Emirates
1574:. 22 November 2022.
363:Dr. Ayman Abu al-Auf
3119:Gypsies (Dom/Nawar)
2838:Religious buildings
2433:Anti-Palestinianism
2152:IsraeliāPalestinian
1893:limited recognition
1625:Healthcare in Asia
1317:. 10 January 2009.
1259:(7550): 1122ā1124.
905:(9670): 1207ā1217.
354:2,300 housing units
137:Legislative Council
2351:State of Palestine
2301:Southern West Bank
2296:Northern West Bank
1474:. The World Bank.
524:Health informatics
454:
398:Israeli Military's
390:A 2012 article in
386:Barriers to access
298:
260:
168:Ministry of Health
121:Russian Federation
3166:
3165:
3137:
3136:
3071:Afro-Palestinians
2902:Ma'an News Agency
2775:Mental healthcare
2755:Flag of Palestine
2514:
2513:
2361:Political parties
2267:
2266:
2180:First Lebanon War
1998:
1997:
1935:other territories
1457:on April 6, 2015.
1388:Save the Children
845:www.aljazeera.com
789:Los Angeles Times
701:rightstracker.org
204:According to the
52:
51:
3186:
3049:
3048:
2446:
2445:
2202:IsraelāHamas war
2148:
2147:
2025:
2018:
2011:
2002:
2001:
1988:
1978:
1977:
1947:Christmas Island
1633:Sovereign states
1618:
1611:
1604:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1580:
1569:
1551:
1550:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1523:
1508:
1502:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1480:
1473:
1465:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1450:. Archived from
1449:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1419:World Bank Blogs
1410:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1390:. 15 June 2022.
1380:
1374:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1337:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1299:. Archived from
1293:
1287:
1286:
1276:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1226:
1220:
1216:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1206:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1156:
1155:
1146:. Archived from
1140:
1134:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1119:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1090:
1071:
1065:
1064:
1058:
1050:
1048:
1047:
1041:
1035:. Archived from
1034:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1009:
1002:
994:
988:
987:
985:
983:
968:
962:
961:
959:
957:
946:
940:
937:
931:
930:
890:
884:
883:
882:on July 4, 2010.
881:
874:
866:
860:
859:
857:
856:
839:Omer, Mohammed.
836:
830:
829:
827:
826:
811:
805:
804:
802:
800:
781:
775:
774:
772:
770:
764:
757:
749:
743:
742:
737:. Archived from
731:
725:
722:
716:
715:
713:
712:
693:
680:
679:
677:
676:
657:
651:
650:
648:
647:
632:
626:
623:
617:
614:
608:
604:
598:
595:
589:
588:
572:
506:Health financing
400:blockade of the
381:Major challenges
330:severe criticism
210:health insurance
149:Israeli Military
71:
62:
47:
44:
38:
26:
25:
18:
3194:
3193:
3189:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3184:
3183:
3169:
3168:
3167:
3162:
3146:
3133:
3097:
3078:Christian Arabs
3040:
2935:
2855:
2824:Public holidays
2652:
2648:
2638:
2578:
2546:Foreign affairs
2540:
2510:
2482:
2478:Judicial system
2437:
2337:
2263:
2247:
2224:
2212:Black September
2206:
2192:Second Intifada
2139:
2118:British Mandate
2079:Ayyubid Dynasty
2035:
2029:
1999:
1994:
1966:
1934:
1925:
1906:Northern Cyprus
1892:
1885:
1627:
1622:
1584:
1582:
1578:
1567:
1560:
1555:
1554:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1521:
1519:
1510:
1509:
1505:
1498:
1494:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1471:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1454:
1447:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1428:
1426:
1411:
1407:
1397:
1395:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1371:World Bank 2022
1369:
1365:
1355:
1353:
1338:
1334:
1324:
1322:
1313:
1312:
1308:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1245:
1241:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1217:
1213:
1204:
1202:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1178:
1176:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1153:
1151:
1142:
1141:
1137:
1130:
1126:
1117:
1115:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1088:
1086:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1052:
1051:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1032:
1030:"Archived copy"
1028:
1027:
1023:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1000:
996:
995:
991:
981:
979:
970:
969:
965:
955:
953:
948:
947:
943:
938:
934:
891:
887:
879:
872:
868:
867:
863:
854:
852:
837:
833:
824:
822:
813:
812:
808:
798:
796:
795:on 2 April 2015
783:
782:
778:
768:
766:
762:
755:
751:
750:
746:
733:
732:
728:
723:
719:
710:
708:
695:
694:
683:
674:
672:
659:
658:
654:
645:
643:
633:
629:
624:
620:
615:
611:
605:
601:
596:
592:
573:
569:
564:
542:
526:
508:
486:
481:
480:
445:
437:
428:
388:
383:
290:
281:
245:
236:
227:
222:
202:
176:
145:
105:State of Israel
101:
96:
76:
75:
74:
73:
72:
64:
63:
48:
42:
39:
36:
27:
23:
12:
11:
5:
3192:
3182:
3181:
3164:
3163:
3142:
3139:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3105:
3103:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3074:
3073:
3068:
3057:
3055:
3046:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3038:
3033:
3032:
3031:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2945:
2943:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2933:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2863:
2861:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2853:
2852:
2851:
2841:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2790:
2789:
2779:
2778:
2777:
2772:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2722:
2721:
2720:
2708:
2703:
2702:
2701:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2655:
2653:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2636:
2630:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2607:Stock Exchange
2604:
2602:Communications
2599:
2594:
2588:
2586:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2550:
2548:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2522:
2520:
2516:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2496:Prime Minister
2492:
2490:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2458:Prime Minister
2454:
2452:
2443:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2409:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2358:
2347:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2304:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2283:
2277:
2275:
2269:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2261:
2255:
2253:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2240:
2238:Battle of Gaza
2234:
2232:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2222:
2216:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2187:First Intifada
2184:
2183:
2182:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2156:
2154:
2145:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2137:
2136:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2098:Modern history
2094:
2093:
2092:
2091:
2089:Ottoman Empire
2086:
2084:Mamluk Dynasty
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2045:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2028:
2027:
2020:
2013:
2005:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1982:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1938:
1936:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1897:
1895:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1637:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1621:
1620:
1613:
1606:
1598:
1592:
1591:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1528:
1503:
1492:
1460:
1436:
1405:
1375:
1363:
1332:
1306:
1303:on 2014-08-21.
1288:
1239:
1221:
1211:
1186:
1160:
1135:
1124:
1095:
1066:
1021:
989:
963:
941:
932:
895:Donaldson, Cam
885:
861:
831:
806:
776:
744:
741:on 2004-06-18.
726:
717:
681:
652:
627:
618:
609:
599:
590:
566:
565:
563:
560:
559:
558:
553:
548:
541:
538:
525:
522:
507:
504:
485:
482:
446:
438:
436:
433:
427:
424:
387:
384:
382:
379:
289:
286:
280:
279:Private sector
277:
244:
241:
235:
232:
226:
223:
221:
218:
201:
198:
180:Battle of Gaza
175:
172:
162:Shortly after
144:
141:
100:
97:
95:
92:
66:
65:
57:
56:
55:
54:
53:
50:
49:
30:
28:
21:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3191:
3180:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3161:
3160:
3155:
3151:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3100:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3063:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3054:
3050:
3047:
3045:Ethnic groups
3043:
3037:
3034:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3025:
3024:United States
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2942:
2938:
2932:
2931:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2909:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2858:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2845:
2842:
2839:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2809:Personalities
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2783:
2780:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2767:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2750:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2730:
2726:
2723:
2719:
2718:
2714:
2713:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2700:
2697:
2696:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2674:Refugee camps
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2635:
2632:
2631:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2581:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2543:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2517:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2485:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2447:
2444:
2440:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2340:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2270:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2250:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2227:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2209:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2149:
2146:
2142:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2049:Early history
2047:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2033:
2026:
2021:
2019:
2014:
2012:
2007:
2006:
2003:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1981:
1973:
1972:
1969:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1932:
1928:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1916:South Ossetia
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1888:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
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2659:Palestinians
2318:Governorates
2069:Islamic Rule
2064:Roman Empire
1931:Dependencies
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1826:Saudi Arabia
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2974:El Salvador
2887:Photography
2877:Journalists
2787:LGBT rights
2770:Health care
2760:Handicrafts
2684:Archaeology
2597:Agriculture
2059:Philistines
1990:Asia portal
1891:States with
1811:Philippines
1751:South Korea
1746:North Korea
1641:Afghanistan
1325:28 December
950:"West Bank"
799:28 December
200:Legal basis
3124:Samaritans
2897:Television
2882:Newspapers
2799:Literature
2699:watermelon
2442:Government
2281:Gaza Strip
2054:Canaanites
1871:Uzbekistan
1846:Tajikistan
1761:Kyrgyzstan
1741:Kazakhstan
1661:Bangladesh
1651:Azerbaijan
1572:World Bank
1522:2012-12-28
1205:2013-09-03
1154:2013-09-03
1118:2022-08-14
1089:2015-10-22
1046:2013-09-03
899:The Lancet
855:2022-08-14
825:2015-03-15
711:2022-03-26
675:2022-03-26
646:2024-07-16
562:References
465:depression
402:Gaza Strip
393:The Lancet
356:, driving
334:Article 56
264:World Bank
243:NGO sector
206:World Bank
129:Gaza Strip
3093:Metawalis
3009:Nicaragua
2949:Australia
2745:Education
2622:Transport
2592:Companies
2501:President
2463:President
2423:Elections
2401:Third Way
2323:Landforms
2286:West Bank
2273:Geography
2074:Crusaders
2032:Palestine
1957:Hong Kong
1911:Palestine
1836:Sri Lanka
1831:Singapore
1711:Indonesia
1485:7 January
1014:6 January
982:6 January
956:6 January
927:205953667
769:5 January
396:says the
256:Tul Karem
133:West Bank
43:June 2018
3173:Category
3149:Category
3066:Bedouins
3014:Pakistan
2941:Diaspora
2849:Football
2834:Religion
2794:Language
2717:keffiyeh
2669:Diaspora
2519:Security
2343:Politics
2291:Enclaves
2197:Gaza War
2160:Timeline
2144:Conflict
1980:Category
1901:Abkhazia
1851:Thailand
1806:Pakistan
1786:Mongolia
1781:Maldives
1776:Malaysia
1676:Cambodia
1576:Archived
1547:Archived
1516:Archived
1476:Archived
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1392:Archived
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1199:Archived
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1055:cite web
1005:Archived
976:Archived
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705:Archived
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473:conflict
415:de facto
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3036:Uruguay
2999:Lebanon
2867:By city
2725:Cuisine
2650:culture
2645:Society
2617:Tourism
2584:Economy
2308:Borders
2041:History
1876:Vietnam
1791:Myanmar
1771:Lebanon
1701:Georgia
1656:Bahrain
1646:Armenia
1558:Sources
1542:YouTube
1274:1459547
1179:28 June
1108:PIJ.ORG
1079:Haaretz
499:de jure
336:of the
94:History
33:updated
3159:Portal
3154:·
3152:
3004:Mexico
2994:Kuwait
2989:Jordan
2959:Canada
2954:Brazil
2829:Racism
2765:Health
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2313:Cities
2034:topics
1921:Taiwan
1856:Turkey
1821:Russia
1756:Kuwait
1736:Jordan
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1666:Bhutan
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1429:2 July
1398:2 July
1356:2 July
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1271:
1219:Print.
972:"Gaza"
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318:55.76%
314:11.53%
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2892:Radio
2872:Books
2860:Media
2844:Sport
2804:Music
2735:Dance
2612:Taxes
2376:Hamas
2371:Fatah
2123:Nakba
1962:Macau
1881:Yemen
1841:Syria
1816:Qatar
1796:Nepal
1731:Japan
1706:India
1696:Egypt
1681:China
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1716:Iran
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1487:2013
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1279:PMID
1181:2017
1061:link
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984:2013
958:2013
915:PMID
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