1115:. Soon after, they were threatened with legal action by Marc and Sarah King, the couple responsible for maintaining the group's website and intellectual property. A representative for the two wrote " is using and adapting our copyrights and trademarks without our permission and the infringement will be taken up with our attorneys. This is not fair use or parody; it is a direct and clear infringement". The teased cover contained a logo almost identical to the Heaven's Gate logo, with similar text and visuals below. When the album officially released, it would be changed substantially to instead feature three figures standing on the moon, accompanied by a UFO overhead.
566:
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neatly in its own bed, with faces and torsos covered by a square purple cloth, for privacy. In a 2020 interview with Harry
Robinson, two members who were not in Rancho Santa Fe when the suicides happened said that the identical clothing was a uniform representing unity for the mass suicide, while the Nike Decades were chosen because the group "got a good deal on the shoes". Applewhite was also a fan of Nikes "and therefore everyone was expected to wear and like Nikes" within the group. Heaven's Gate had a saying, "Just Do it", echoing Nike's slogan, but pronouncing "Do" as "Doe", to reflect Applewhite's nickname.
734:, and the other with the "farewell messages" of group followers. It also contained a letter stating that, among other things, "we have exited our vehicles just as we entered them." DiAngelo informed his boss of the contents of the packages, and received a ride from him from Los Angeles to the Heaven's Gate home so he could verify the letter. DiAngelo found a back door intentionally left unlocked, and used a video camera to record what he found. After leaving the house, DiAngelo's boss, who had waited outside, encouraged him to make calls alerting the authorities.
901:. The term "ancient astronauts" is used to refer to various forms of the concept that extraterrestrials visited Earth in the distant past. Applewhite and Nettles took part of this concept and taught it as the belief that "aliens planted the seeds of current humanity millions of years ago, and have to come to reap the harvest of their work in the form of spiritually evolved individuals who will join the ranks of flying saucer crews. Only a select few members of humanity will be chosen to advance to this
540:. Many of Applewhite and Nettles' crew hailed from these diverse backgrounds; most of them are described by researchers as having been "longtime truth-seekers", or spiritual hippies who had long since believed in attempting to "find themselves" through spiritual means, combining faiths in a sort of cultural environment well into the mid-1980s. Not all of Applewhite's crew were hippies recruited from alternative religious backgrounds – one such recruit early on was John Craig, a respected
475:
had arranged for the group to go underground. From that point, "Do" and "Ti" (pronounced "doe" and "tee"), as the two now called themselves, led nearly one hundred members across the country, sleeping in tents and sleeping bags, and begging in the streets. Evading detection by the authorities and media enabled the group to focus on Do and Ti's doctrine of helping members of the crew achieve a "higher evolutionary level" above human, which the leaders claimed to have already reached.
671:(UFO) may have been trailing the comet, Applewhite and his 38 followers prepared for ritual suicide, coinciding with the closest approach of the comet, so their souls could reach the Next Level before the closure of "Heaven's Gate". Members believed that after their deaths a UFO would take their souls to another "level of existence above human", which was described as being both physical and spiritual. Their preparations included most members videotaping a farewell message.
289:. The central belief of the group was that followers could transform themselves into immortal extraterrestrial beings by rejecting their human nature, and they would ascend to heaven, referred to as the "Next Level" or "The Evolutionary Level Above Human". The death of Nettles from cancer in 1985 challenged the group's views on ascension; while they originally believed that they would ascend to heaven while alive aboard a
433:, and occasionally visited churches and spiritual groups to speak of their identities, often referring to themselves as "The Two", or "The UFO Two". They believed they would be killed and then resurrected and, in view of others, transported onto a spaceship. This event, which they referred to as "the Demonstration", was to prove their claims. These ideas were poorly received by other religious groups.
723:. Applewhite was the third to last member to die; two people remained after him, and were the only ones found with bags over their heads and not having purple cloths covering their top halves. Before the last of the suicides, similar sets of packages were sent to numerous Heaven's Gate affiliated (or formerly affiliated) individuals, and at least one media outlet, the BBC department responsible for
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Evolutionary Level Above Human" (TELAH) was a "physical, corporeal place", another world in our universe, where residents live in pure bliss and nourish themselves by absorbing pure sunlight. At the next level, beings do not engage in sexual intercourse, eating or dying, the things that make humans "mammalian". Heaven's Gate believed that what the Bible calls God is a highly developed
818:. The man left a note dated March 27, which said, "I'm going on the spaceship with Hale–Bopp to be with those who have gone before me," and imitated some of the details of the Heaven's Gate suicides as they had then been reported. The man was found dead by a friend on March 31, and had no known connection with Heaven's Gate.
969:"erase their human personal histories as the histories of souls who formerly occupied the bodies of Applewhite and Nettles". Over time, Applewhite revised his identity in the group to encourage the belief that the "walk-in" that was inhabiting his body was the same that had done so to Jesus 2,000 years ago. Similar to
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group's doctrine was confounded because
Nettles was "chosen" by the Next Level to be a messenger on Earth, yet her body had died instead of leaving physically to outer space. Their belief system was then revised to include the leaving of consciousness from the body as equivalent to leaving the Earth in a spacecraft.
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who was saved by authorities. Another former member, James Pirkey Jr., died by suicide by a self-inflicted gunshot wound on May 11. In
February 1998, Humphrey killed himself in Arizona. His body was found carrying a five dollar bill and four quarters in his pocket; next to him, a note: "do not revive".
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after the notion of walk-ins became popular within the New Age subculture, the Two changed their tune and began describing themselves as extraterrestrial walk-ins." A walk-in can be defined as "an entity who occupies a body that has been vacated by its original soul". Heaven's Gate came to believe an
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Members of Heaven's Gate believed that evil space aliens – Luciferians – falsely represented themselves to
Earthlings as "God" and conspired to keep humans from developing. As technically advanced humanoids, these aliens have spacecraft, space-time travel, telepathy, and
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The concept of walk-ins aided
Applewhite and Nettles in personally starting from what they considered to be "clean slates". In this clean slate, they were no longer considered to be the people they had been prior to the start of the group, but had taken on a new life; this concept gave them a way to
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The group declared that they were against suicide, as they defined suicide in their own context to mean "to turn against the Next Level when it is being offered", and believed their human bodies were only "vehicles" meant to help them on their journey. Suicide, therefore, would be not allowing their
801:
Dr. Hale discussed the scientific significance and popular lore of comets and gave a personal account of his discovery. He then lambasted the combination of scientific illiteracy, willful delusions, a radio talk show's deception about an imaginary spacecraft following the comet, and a cult's bizarre
581:(1979), in which Vallée described an unusual public meeting organized by the group. He expressed concerns about contactee groups' authoritarian political and religious outlooks, and Heaven's Gate did not escape criticism. Known to the media (though largely ignored), Heaven's Gate was better known in
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reported on the disappearances in one of the first national reports on the developing religious group: "A score of persons from a small Oregon town have disappeared. It's a mystery whether they've been taken on a so-called trip to eternity – or simply been taken." In reality, Applewhite and
Nettles
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The Two would gain their first follower in May 1974: Sharon Morgan, who abandoned her children to join them. A month later, Morgan left The Two and returned to her family. Nettles and
Applewhite were arrested and charged with credit card fraud for using Morgan's cards, although she had consented to
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Although these basic beliefs of the group stayed generally consistent over the years, "the details of their ideology were flexible enough to undergo modification over time". There are examples of the group's adding to or slightly changing their beliefs, such as: modifying the way one can enter the
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At least three former members of Heaven's Gate died by suicide in the months following the mass suicide. On May 6, 1997, Wayne Cooke and Chuck
Humphrey (known as "Rkkody" within the group) attempted suicide in a hotel in a manner similar to that used by the group. Cooke died but Humphrey survived,
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The 39 adherents – 21 women and 18 men between the ages of 26 and 72 – are believed to have died in three groups over three successive days, with the remaining participants cleaning up after each prior group's deaths. The suicides occurred in groups of 15, 15, and 9, between approximately March 22
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Eventually, Applewhite and
Nettles resolved to contact extraterrestrials, and they sought like-minded followers. They published advertisements for meetings, where they recruited disciples, called "the crew". At the events, they purported to represent beings from another planet, the Next Level, who
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story, which said $ 5.75 was "the cost to ride the tail of a comet to heaven." No such passage from the writings of Twain is known to exist. After a member died, a living member would arrange the body by removing the plastic bag from the person's head, followed by posing the body so that it lay
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in destitution, proclaiming the gospel of higher-level metamorphosis, the deceit of humans by "false-God spirits", envelopment with sunlight for meditative healing, and the divinity of the "UFO Two". In April 1976, the group stopped recruiting and became reclusive, and instituted a rigid set of
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as an extreme means of maintaining the ascetic lifestyle. The group initially attempted castration by having one of its members, a former nurse, perform the castration, but this almost resulted in the patient's death, and caused at least one member to leave Heaven's Gate. Every castration that
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Initially, recruits had been told that they would be biologically and chemically transformed into extraterrestrial beings and would be transported aboard a spacecraft, which would come to Earth and take them to heaven – the "Next Level". When Bonnie Lou
Nettles (Ti) died of cancer in 1985, the
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The lone deputy who first responded to the call entered the home through a side door, saw ten bodies, and was nearly overcome by a "pungent odor". (The bodies were already decomposing in the hot Southern California spring.) After a cursory search by two more deputies found no one alive, they
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They believed that "to be eligible for membership in the Next Level, humans would have to shed every attachment to the planet". This meant all members had to give up all human-like characteristics, such as family, friends, gender, sexuality, individuality, jobs, money, and possessions. "The
696:). Each member carried a five-dollar bill and three quarters in their pockets. According to former members, this was standard for members leaving the home for jobs and "a humorous way to tell us they all had left the planet permanently"; the five-dollar bill was for covering the cost of
973:, this belief stated that the personage of Jesus and the spirit of Jesus were separable. This meant that Jesus was simply the name of the body of an ordinary man that held no sacred properties, that was taken over by an incorporeal sacred entity to deliver "next level" information.
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and the use of drugs. Applewhite and Nettles solidified their temporal and religious authority over the group. Benjamin Zeller described the movement as having transformed "from a loosely organized social group to a centralized religious movement comparable to a roving monastery".
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studied the group it was known as Human Individual Metamorphosis (HIM). The group re-invented and renamed itself several times. Applewhite believed he was directly related to Jesus, meaning he was an "Evolutionary Kingdom Level Above Human". His writings, which combined aspects of
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consciousness to leave their human bodies to join the next level; remaining alive instead of participating in the group suicide was considered suicide of their consciousness. In conversation, when referring to a person or a person's body, they routinely used the word "vehicle".
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state. The rest will be left to wallow in the spiritually poisoned atmosphere of a corrupt world." Only individuals who joined Heaven's Gate, follow Applewhite and Nettle's belief system, and make the sacrifices required by membership would be allowed to escape human suffering.
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increased longevity. They use holograms to fake miracles. They are carnal beings with gender, and they stopped training to achieve the Kingdom of God thousands of years ago. Heaven's Gate believed that all existing religions on Earth had been corrupted by these aliens.
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had Nettles substituting for a nurse working with premature babies in the nursery. Applewhite later recalled that he felt that he had known Nettles for a long time and concluded that they had met in a past life. She told him their meeting had been foretold to her by
503:, and science fiction, suggest he believed himself to be Jesus' successor and the "Present Representative" of Christ on Earth. Do and Ti taught early on that Do's bodily "vehicle" was inhabited by the same alien spirit that belonged to Jesus; Ti was presented as
528:, as it became known, was a way for people to merge their diverse religious backgrounds and coalesce around a shared, generalized faith, which followers of new religious sects like Applewhite's crew found to be an appetizing alternative to traditional dogmas in
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race. He joined the group in 1975. As its numbers grew in its pre-Internet days, the clan of "UFO followers" seemed to have in common a need for communal belonging to an alternative path to higher existence outside the constraints of institutionalized faith.
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In an earlier suicide bid, on 1 April, a 58-year-old recluse was found dead in his home in a remote mountain canyon in northern California after dying by suicide. He had left a note indicating he believed that he would also join the dead Heaven's Gate cult
453:. According to Benjamin Zeller, while accounts of the meeting differ, all describe it as momentous and agree that Applewhite and Nettles presented themselves as charismatic leaders with an important spiritual message. About 25 individuals joined the group.
636:, in early March 1997, weeks before their mass suicide. In response to his e-mail, Theroux was told that Heaven's Gate could not take part in the documentary: "at the present time a project like this would be an interference with what we must focus on."
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and March 26; sources disagree as to the exact dates, with some stating that all three groups committed suicide on March 22, that the groups committed suicide on March 22–24, or on March 24–26. Among the dead was Thomas Nichols, brother of the actress
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A former member of the Heaven's Gate cult was found dead today in a copycat suicide in a motel room near the scene of the group's mass suicide in San Diego County, and another former member was found unconscious in the same room, the authorities
793:, was drawn into the story. Hale's phone "never stopped ringing the entire day". He chose not to respond until the next day at a press conference, after researching the details of the incident. Speaking at the Second World Skeptics Congress in
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and Biblical prophecy. The circumstances of their meeting are unclear. According to Applewhite's writings, the two met in a hospital where she worked while he was visiting a sick friend. It has been rumored that it was a psychiatric hospital.
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Willful exit from the body in a dignified manner. Near the end, Applewhite had a revelation that they might have to abandon their human bodies and achieve the next level as Jesus had done. This occurred when 39 members died by suicide and
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ran an article on the group, then known as "The Total Overcomers". Richard Ford, who would play a key role in the 1997 group suicide, discovered Heaven's Gate through this article and eventually joined them, renaming himself Rio DiAngelo.
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Identifying themselves by the business name "Higher Source", the group used its website to proselytize and recruit followers beginning in the early 1990s. Rumors began spreading among the group in the following years that the upcoming
417:. By June 19, Applewhite and Nettles's beliefs had solidified. They concluded that they had been chosen to fulfill biblical prophecies, and they had been given higher-level minds than other people. They wrote a pamphlet that described
810:"We are probably going to have some suicides as a result of this comet." The sad part is that I was really not surprised. Comets are lovely objects, but they don't have apocalyptic significance. We must use our minds, our reason.
2108:
According to material the group posted on its Internet site, the timing of the suicides were probably related to the arrival of the Hale–Bopp comet, which members seemed to regard as a cosmic emissary beckoning them to another
609:
discussed the theory of the "companion object" in the shadow of Hale–Bopp on several programs as early as November 1996. Speculation has been raised as to whether Bell's programs contributed to Heaven's Gate's group suicide.
316:...our 22 years of classroom here on planet Earth is finally coming to conclusion – 'graduation' from the Human Evolutionary Level. We are happily prepared to leave 'this world' and go with Ti's crew."
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sought participants for an experiment. They said that those who agreed to take part in the experiment would be brought to a higher evolutionary level. In April 1975, during a meeting with a group of eighty people in
523:
Some sociologists agree that the popular movement of alternative religious experience and individualism found in collective spiritual experiences during that period helped contribute to the growth of Heaven's Gate.
989:", an alien spacecraft would descend to Earth and collect Applewhite, Nettles, and their followers, and their human bodies would be transformed through biological and chemical processes to perfected beings.
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1941:, by Elizabeth Gleick, Cathy Booth and Pmes Willwerth (Rancho Santa Fe); Nancy Harbert (Albuquerque); Rachele Kanigal (Oakland) and Richard N. Ostling and Noah Robischon (New York).
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Among those on the list of recipients was Rio DiAngelo. The package DiAngelo received on the evening of March 25, as other packages sent had, contained two VHS videotapes, one with
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293:, they came to believe that the body was merely a "container" or "vehicle" for the soul and that their consciousness would be transferred to "Next Level bodies" upon death.
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Cults, Conspiracies, and Secret Societies, The Straight Scoop on Freemasons, The Illuminati, Skull & Bones, Black Helicopters, The New World Order, and many, many more
254:(1927–1985), known within the movement as Do and Ti. Nettles and Applewhite first met in 1972 and went on a journey of spiritual discovery, identifying themselves as the
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Goodwin, Megan (2017). "Staying after Class: Memory and Materiality beyond Heaven's Gate Report on the New Religious Movements Group Methods Meeting, 21 November 2014".
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648:. They paid the $ 7,000 per month rent in cash. The same month, the group purchased alien abduction insurance that would cover up to fifty members and would pay out $ 1
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shared. In public, each member of the group always carried a five-dollar bill and a roll of quarters. 8 men in the group, including Applewhite, voluntarily underwent
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The infamy caused by the mass suicides, limited availability, and their sudden discontinuation have been cited as reasons for the high resale value of Nike Decades.
464:. After selling all "worldly" possessions and saying farewell to loved ones, around 20 people vanished from the public eye and joined the group. Later that year, on
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Physical pickup onto a TELAH spacecraft and transfer to a next level body aboard that craft. In this version, what Professor Zeller calls a "UFO" version of the "
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According to Heaven's Gate, once the individual has perfected himself through the "process", there were four methods to enter or "graduate" to the next level:
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In October 1996, the group rented a large house which they called "The Monastery", a 9,200-square-foot (850 m) mansion located near 18341 Colina Norte in
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nine months earlier, which he still possessed. Applewhite spent six months in jail primarily in Missouri, and was released in early 1975, rejoining Nettles.
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Natural death, accidental death, or death from random violence. Here, the "graduating soul" leaves the human container for a perfected next-level body.
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262:, attracting a following of several hundred people in the mid-1970s. In 1976, a core group of a few dozen members stopped recruiting and instituted a
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Animals were said to have souls, and a soul in an animal could enter the next level, a human soul, if it becomes a servant of humans, such as in a
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p.m. on March 26, suggesting they "check on the welfare of the residents". Days after the suicides, the caller was revealed to be DiAngelo.
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Decades athletic shoes, and armband patches reading "Heaven's Gate Away Team" (one of many instances of the group's use of the terms of
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million per person (the policy covered abduction, impregnation, or death by aliens). In June 1995, they had purchased land near
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312:. Just before the mass suicide, the group's website was updated with the message: "Hale–Bopp brings closure to Heaven's Gate
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discovered the bodies of the 39 active members of the group, including Applewhite, in a house in the San Diego suburb of
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laws and the quarters were for calling home from pay phones. Another former member stated that it was a reference to a
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hypothesis, which was prominent at the time of the group's formation due to the then-recent publication of works like
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Raine, Susan (2005). "Reconceptualising the Human Body: Heaven's Gate and the Quest for Divine Transformation".
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or Christian in nature. Benjamin Zeller has argued that the theology of Heaven's Gate was primarily rooted in
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960:; when the group began, "Applewhite and Nettles taught their followers that they were extraterrestrial beings
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their use. The charges were dropped. A routine check brought up that Applewhite had stolen a rental car from
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4272:(1995). "Waiting for the ships: disillusionment and revitalization of faith in Bo and Peep's UFO cult". In
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Zeller, Benjamin E. (2010b). "Extraterrestrial Biblical Hermeneutics and the Making of Heaven's Gate".
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3666:"Berlin: Tim Blake Nelson, Vera Farmiga to Star in Heaven's Gate Cult Biopic 'The Leader' (Exclusive)"
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to signify themselves as "children of the Next Level". This is mentioned in Applewhite's final video,
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and began creating a compound out of rubber tires and concrete, but had left abruptly in April 1996.
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The group is only open to adults over the age of 18. Members gave up their possessions and lived an
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4246:(1985). "When the Light Goes Out, Darkness Comes: A Study of Defection from a Totalistic Cult". In
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3571:"'Heaven's Gate' Review: HBO Max Doc Reveals Bonkers UFO Cult as More Than Just a Pop-Culture Joke"
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aired a sketch where the cult members made it to space. It was followed by a commercial parody for
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Although most people considered the event a mass suicide, sociologist and former member of a cult,
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4113:(2000). "The Devil at Heaven's Gate: Rethinking the Study of Religion in the Age of Cyber-Space".
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Destroying the World to Save it: Aum ShinrikyĹŤ, Apocalyptic Violence, and the New Global Terrorism
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Sunday, the next team of fifteen followed. Finally, there were seven on Monday, and then only two.
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yearnings for ascending to another level of existence that led to the Heaven's Gate mass suicides.
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1085:, based on the exploits of Applewhite and Nettles, then relatively unknown, which aired in 1982.
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490:". The group also had several names prior to the adoption of the name Heaven's Gate. At the time
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The Copycat Effect: How the Media and Popular Culture Trigger the Mayhem in Tomorrow's Headlines
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3694:"Michael C. Hall & Grace Caroline Currey Join Heaven's Gate Cult Biopic 'The Leader' – AFM"
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Next Level, changing the way they described themselves, placing more importance on the idea of
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Fifteen members died that night. Fifteen more died the next day, followed by nine on March 26.
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The group earned revenue by offering professional website development under the business name
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as a Texan, a veiled reference to Applewhite. Furthermore, they concluded that they were the
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providing more in-depth information, including interviews with former members and relatives
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Prophets and Protons: New Religious Movements and Science in Late Twentieth-Century America
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686:. All 39 were dressed in identical black shirts and sweat pants, brand new black-and-white
663:, speaking of mass suicide and "the only way to evacuate this Earth". After asserting that
3543:"Heaven's Gate Cult Threatens Lil Uzi Vert With Legal Action Over 'Eternal Atake' Artwork"
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An Interview with Astronomer Alan Hale – CTV call-in (Knoxville Freethought Forum 4/23/13)
1007:, Applewhite was afraid the American government would murder the members of Heaven's Gate.
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The members of the group adopted names consisting of three letters followed by the suffix
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789:. When the news broke of its relation to Comet Hale–Bopp, the co-discoverer of the comet,
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Title of a flyer for a Heaven's Gate recruitment meeting, Berkeley, California, May, 1994
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News of the mass suicide motivated the copycat suicide of a 58-year-old man living near
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Goerman, Patricia (2011). "Heaven's Gate: The Dawning of a New Religious Movement". In
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3818:(2004). ""Come On Up, and I Will Show Thee": Heaven's Gate as a Postmodern Group". In
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2241:"Going to Heaven on a UFO – an interview with Heaven's Gate cult members 22 years on"
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Scholars disagree over whether the theology of Heaven's Gate is fundamentally either
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was the sign that the group had been looking for, as well as the speculation that an
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housed the secret to their ultimate salvation and ascent into the kingdom of heaven.
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2259:"How Heaven's Gate's Choice Of Nikes For Mass Suicide Became A Cultural Touchstone"
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Heaven's Gate was the subject of the 10-part podcast of the same name produced by
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retreated until a search warrant could be procured. All 39 bodies were ultimately
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1150:
In February 2023, a movie following the story of Applewhite and Nettles entitled
1075:
612:
471:
406:
3306:
2665:
1641:
965:
extraterrestrial walk-in is "a walk-in that is supposedly from another planet".
659:
During March 19–20, 1997, Marshall Applewhite taped himself in a video entitled
4914:
4709:
4551:
4470:
4216:(1982). "Bo and Peep: A Case Study of the Origins of Messianic Leadership". In
3547:
3343:
2800:
2783:
2581:
1984:
1923:
1188:
909:
Heaven's Gate, paralleling ancient astronaut theorists like Erich Von Däniken,
869:
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504:
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349:
274:
251:
176:
108:
90:
75:
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15 people on March 24, another 15 on March 25, and the final nine on March 26
2341:
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1210:
1111:
830:
675:
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511:
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426:
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390:
255:
239:
128:
4174:
4128:
3515:"Fascination over Heaven's Gate cult continues, 20 years after mass suicide"
3109:"Anatomy of a mass suicide: The dark, twisted story behind a UFO death cult"
3044:
2970:
2419:"Suicide, Nikes, and comet space ships: the story of the Heaven's Gate cult"
4655:
4614:
4522:
4507:
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4269:
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4161:
4115:
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3427:
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1956:
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life devoid of indulgences. The group was tightly knit, and everything was
1000:
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881:
826:
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586:
382:
325:
286:
65:
3357:
2045:
1738:"The Online Legacy of a Suicide Cult and the Webmasters Who Stayed Behind"
1616:
4420:
4019:
3961:
3784:; Taylor, David (2002). "Making Sense of the Heaven's Gate Suicides". In
3726:
3633:
3435:
1580:
533:
450:
394:
378:
263:
3029:"Extraterrestrial Biblical Hermeneutics and the Making of Heaven's Gate"
2986:
2225:
2201:
1989:"Heaven's Gate left mounds of old tires and a few friends in New Mexico"
755:
Caller: This is regarding a mass suicide, and I can give you the address
4855:
4217:
4110:
4030:(2003). "Legitimating Suicide: Heaven's Gate and New Age Ideology". In
3607:
1131:
1099:
1036:
1028:
1004:
902:
794:
782:
701:
687:
500:
398:
155:
145:
4714:
1492:
1417:
1130:
In 2021, Heaven's Gate was one of the subjects in the first season of
487:
456:
In September 1975, Applewhite and Nettles preached at a motel hall in
3754:
3638:"For 'Heaven's Gate' Podcast Host, The Cult Story Hits Close To Home"
3575:
3113:
1802:
1537:
1193:
1055:
1016:
770:
692:
594:
525:
479:
438:
151:
4665:
3915:
Heaven's Gate: Postmodernity and Popular Culture in a Suicide Group
3392:"Internet Provided Way To Pay Bills, Spread Message Before Suicide"
2844:
2346:
956:
concepts. One of these concepts was the belief of extraterrestrial
865:
806:
Hale said that well before Heaven's Gate, he had told a colleague:
697:
683:
606:
516:
270:
749:
Caller: Yes, I need to report an anonymous tip, who do I talk to?
44:
3619:
2637:
2529:
2303:
1742:
1124:
995:
Outside persecution that leads to death. After the deaths of the
986:
953:
877:
873:
857:
845:
585:
circles, and through a series of academic studies by sociologist
529:
341:
282:
278:
83:
79:
4389:
4660:
4583:
3863:
3859:
3750:"The Heaven's Gate Nikes and the Sneakerheads Who Collect Them"
3490:
461:
218:
4351:
2061:"Mass suicide involved sedatives, vodka, and careful planning"
727:, for which Heaven's Gate had earlier declined participation.
3265:
3263:
3005:
2520:. March 25, 2011. Archived from the original on June 16, 2019
1395:
1393:
1391:
1019:, and "sees itself as a family member in that human family".
949:
932:, filmed March 19–20, 1997, just days prior to the suicides.
714:
679:
510:
The crew used various recruitment methods as they toured the
418:
345:
95:
4741:
Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God
4281:
1585:"UFO Religion – Making Sense of the Heaven's Gate Suicides"
1201:
Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God
1123:, a documentary miniseries about the cult, was released on
1095:
678:
mixed with apple sauce or pudding, and washed it down with
627:
243:
3858:. Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion. Vol. 20.
3287:
3260:
2698:"Science and Reason, Foibles and Fallacies, and Doomsdays"
1388:
1147:
to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the mass suicide.
1109:
posted a concept album art for their then-upcoming album,
209:
Human Individual Metamorphosis, Total Overcomers Anonymous
3642:
3199:
3197:
3172:
3170:
2904:
2628:. finitist. Archived from the original on August 11, 2019
2600:
2517:
2489:
2065:
1480:
1376:
1301:
1082:
582:
290:
3133:
3131:
2031:"Package to office alerts ex-member to the fate of cult"
1854:
1680:
1668:
1656:
1330:
1328:
763:
San Diego County 911 call, March 26, 1997, 3:15 p.m. PST
242:
committed by its members in 1997. Commonly designated a
3226:
3224:
2124:
The Manson Women and Me: Monsters, Morality, and Murder
1340:
1289:
1267:
1265:
864:
but with New Age elements. Scholars have described the
829:, referred to the event as "murder". UCLA psychiatrist
781:
The Heaven's Gate deaths were widely publicized in the
4323:
The Call of the Weird: Travels in American Subcultures
4301:
Beyond Human Mind: The Soul Evolution of Heaven's Gate
3324:
3275:
3236:
3209:
3194:
3167:
3155:
3088:
3066:
3064:
3062:
1405:
1088:
In its first live episode following the mass suicide,
4930:
Religious belief systems founded in the United States
4278:
The Gods Have Landed: New Religions from Other Worlds
3248:
3182:
3143:
3128:
2993:
2090:"Families Learning of 39 Cultists Who Died Willingly"
1957:
Edith Lederer, "Alien Abduction Insurance Cancelled!"
1831:"Art Bell, Heaven's Gate, and Journalistic Integrity"
1557:
1364:
1325:
976:
3974:
Bounded Choice: True Believers and Charismatic Cults
3221:
2156:"Heaven's Gate Cult Still Alive and Checking Emails"
1433:
1352:
1262:
880:, and as such it has been mainly characterized as a
752:
Sheriff's Department: Okay, this is regarding what?
3722:"The creepy reason these Nikes are worth a fortune"
3076:
3059:
2900:"UPI Focus: Former cult member: deaths were murder"
2805:"Ex-Cultist Dies In Suicide Pact; 2d Is 'Critical'"
1313:
1277:
304:. They had participated in a coordinated series of
4001:Odd Gods: New Religions & the Cult Controversy
3483:
2359:March 23: The first group of 15 swallow applesauce
2044:
1244:. Archived from the original on December 12, 1997.
366:, persuading him that he had a divine assignment.
352:, a 44-year-old married nurse with an interest in
2410:
913:as recording events of extraterrestrial contact.
544:and ranch owner who came close to winning a 1970
4876:
4252:Religious Movements: Genesis, Exodus and Numbers
2650:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
2542:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
2367:March 25: The remaining cultists kill themselves
833:described the dead members as "victims of a hoax
4769:Jonestown: The Life and Death of Peoples Temple
4370:
2372:
1855:Dan Friesen; Jordan Holmes (January 30, 2018).
1769:Messengers of Deception: UFO Contacts and Cults
1731:
1729:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1511:
4935:Religious organizations disestablished in 1997
3506:
2029:Meyer, Norma; Medina, Hildy (March 28, 1997).
560:
4599:
4436:
1460:"Eyes on Glory: Pied Pipers of Heaven's Gate"
1450:
1448:
741:received an anonymous tip through 911 at 3:15
4254:. Paragon House Publishers. pp. 11–63.
2477:
2202:"American Eye: Mark Twain and Heaven's Gate"
1726:
1508:
1102:-clad corpses of the Heaven's Gate members.
369:Applewhite and Nettles pondered the life of
4940:Religious organizations established in 1974
3780:
2666:"Second World Skeptics Congress (Schedule)"
2596:"First autopsies completed in cult suicide"
2453:"22 years ago, Heaven's Gate couldn't wait"
2444:
2333:
2187:Heaven's Gate: The Cult of Cults, Episode 4
2185:Tweel, Clay (director) (December 3, 2020).
2028:
1701:"For Cowboy in Cult, Long Ride Into Sunset"
1575:
1399:
1307:
840:Two former members, Marc and Sarah King of
4606:
4592:
4450:
4443:
4429:
3852:"Heaven's Gate and Charismatic Leadership"
3846:
3814:
3011:
1906:"Group: 39 Found Dead in Apparent Suicide"
1502:
1486:
1445:
1423:
1382:
336:in the early 1970s. He was fired from the
308:, coinciding with the closest approach of
3568:
2763:
2616:
2564:"At Least 39 Found Dead in Luxury Estate"
2088:Ayres, B. Drummond Jr. (March 29, 1997).
1950:
1880:
1158:. In October 2023, it was announced that
999:in Waco, Texas, and the events involving
478:Applewhite and Nettles used a variety of
4298:
3383:
3027:Zeller, Benjamin E. (November 1, 2010).
2926:
2726:
2485:"Some members of suicide cult castrated"
2450:
2238:
2199:
2193:
2120:
1795:
1735:
564:
4317:
4181:
4158:
4135:
3935:
3908:
3747:
3691:
3632:
3512:
3426:
3330:
3293:
3281:
3269:
3254:
3242:
3215:
3203:
3188:
3176:
3161:
3149:
3137:
3094:
2999:
2954:
2692:
2416:
2378:
1983:
1736:Feinberg, Ashley (September 17, 2014).
1686:
1674:
1662:
1563:
1527:
1498:
1427:
1411:
1370:
1346:
1334:
1271:
4877:
4801:Guyana Tragedy: The Story of Jim Jones
4052:
3968:
3663:
3375:. Season 2. Episode 3. June 17, 2019.
3107:Zeller, Benjamin (November 16, 2014).
3106:
3026:
2799:
2397:On March 22, 1997, thirty-nine members
2339:
1828:
1763:
1698:
1597:from the original on December 29, 2010
1454:
1358:
1319:
1295:
4587:
4424:
4268:
4242:
4212:
4184:Heaven's Gate: America's UFO Religion
4109:
4078:
4026:
3994:
3719:
3692:Wiseman, Andreas (October 30, 2023).
3540:
3460:"Hollywood knocks at 'Heaven's Gate'"
3389:
3373:People's Magazine Investigates: Cults
3307:"Last Chance To Advance Beyond Human"
3230:
3082:
3070:
3022:
3020:
2834:
2832:
2795:
2793:
2766:"Cult Inspires First Copycat Suicide"
2688:
2686:
2561:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2189:(Docuseries). Event occurs at 21:14.
2087:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2016:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1439:
1283:
1065:
717:in the original television series of
4895:1997 disestablishments in California
3569:Lattanzio, Ryan (December 3, 2020).
3342:
2290:
2239:Robinson, Harry (January 20, 2020).
2162:. September 17, 2015. Archived from
1974:April 1997, Retrieved March 12, 2008
246:, it was founded in 1974 and led by
4776:House of Secrets: The Burari Deaths
3822:; Petersen, Jesper Aagaard (eds.).
3390:Weise, Elizabeth (March 28, 1997).
2927:Monmaney, Terence (April 4, 1997).
1884:Louis Theroux's Weird Weekends: UFO
1796:Gardetta, Dave (January 21, 1994).
1635:
573:Heaven's Gate received coverage in
296:On March 26, 1997, deputies of the
13:
4360:"Profiles: Heaven's Gate Timeline"
4206:
3748:Caffier, Justin (March 15, 2017).
3664:Ritman, Alex (February 16, 2023).
3364:
3017:
2829:
2790:
2683:
2550:
2497:
2417:Reimann, Matt (October 14, 2016).
2385:. Simon and Schuster. p. 80.
2277:
2013:
1891:
977:Techniques to enter the next level
285:, and has been characterized as a
14:
4961:
4910:Christian new religious movements
4344:
3485:"An Endorsement Nike Didn't Want"
2729:"Heaven's Gate member found dead"
2513:Heaven's Gate suicides remembered
1857:"Project Camelot's War on Heaven"
1140:entitled "A Tale of Two Cults".
1134:'s documentary television series
1062:prior to its collective suicide.
1040:followed was done in a hospital.
868:of Heaven's Gate as a mixture of
739:San Diego County Sheriff's Office
674:To kill themselves, members took
546:Colorado House of Representatives
515:behavioral guidelines, including
298:San Diego County Sheriff's Office
273:of Heaven's Gate as a mixture of
16:American UFO religion (1974–1997)
4613:
4559:Heaven's Gate: The Cult of Cults
4412:College Lecture on Heaven's Gate
3854:. In Zeller, Benjamin E. (ed.).
3741:
3713:
3685:
3657:
3513:Wilkens, John (March 21, 2017).
2929:"Free Will, or Thought Control?"
2876:. March 18, 2007. Archived from
2764:Stanziano, Don (April 2, 1997).
2741:from the original on May 9, 2022
1829:Genoni, Thomas Jr. (July 1997).
1699:Brooke, James (March 31, 1997).
1120:Heaven's Gate: The Cult of Cults
851:
626:contacted Heaven's Gate for his
616:host Dan Friesen blames more on
43:
4885:Heaven's Gate (religious group)
3773:
3626:
3590:
3562:
3534:
3476:
3452:
3420:
3336:
3299:
3100:
2948:
2920:
2892:
2860:
2757:
2720:
2658:
2588:
2251:
2232:
2178:
2148:
2114:
2081:
2053:
1977:
1930:
1874:
1848:
1835:Committee for Skeptical Inquiry
1822:
1789:
1757:
1692:
1638:"The Facts about Heaven's Gate"
1629:
1626:, webpage retrieved 2008-10-10.
1609:
1569:
1169:
1060:computer-mediated communication
1058:, due to its heavy reliance on
639:
328:minister and a former soldier,
4945:Sexual abstinence and religion
4373:"All about Heaven's Gate cult"
4095:10.1016/j.religion.2005.06.003
3978:University of California Press
3720:Jolly, Nathan (May 13, 2017).
3541:Burks, Tosten (July 3, 2018).
2562:Calvo, Dana (March 27, 1997).
2340:Thomas, Evan (April 6, 1997).
1230:
725:Louis Theroux's Weird Weekends
633:Louis Theroux's Weird Weekends
389:and studied passages from the
30:Heaven's Gate (disambiguation)
1:
4900:Ancient astronaut speculation
4182:Zeller, Benjamin E. (2014a).
4136:Zeller, Benjamin E. (2010a).
3794:Cults, Religion, and Violence
3353:Cult Education & Recovery
2727:Cornwell, Tim (May 7, 1997).
2306:Crime Library. Archived from
2200:Schrager, Cynthia D. (1997).
2043:. p. A-1. Archived from
1223:
713:, best known for her role as
198:39 (pre-1997); 2? (post-1997)
4890:1974 establishments in Texas
4794:Guyana: Crime of the Century
3468:. April 3, 1997 – via
2300:All about Heaven's Gate cult
1914:. March 27, 1997. p. 33
1605:– via www.ucalgary.ca.
1022:
797:, Germany on July 24, 1998:
776:
269:Scholars have described the
7:
3825:Controversial New Religions
2873:The San Diego Union-Tribune
2868:"Heaven's Gate: A timeline"
2451:dweisman (March 27, 2019).
1533:"Heaven's Gate: The Sequel"
1177:
952:, and adding several other
646:Rancho Santa Fe, California
561:Contemporary media coverage
10:
4966:
4222:Millennialism and Charisma
3828:(1st ed.). New York:
3798:Cambridge University Press
3348:"'Heaven's Gate' Suicides"
2363:March 24: Fifteen more die
1154:was introduced during the
837:There was villainy here."
669:unidentified flying object
371:St. Francis of Assisi
319:
27:
20:
4810:
4785:
4753:
4728:
4688:Order of the Solar Temple
4628:
4621:
4568:
4536:
4500:
4479:
4458:
4188:New York University Press
4142:New York University Press
3876:10.1163/9789004435537_019
3856:Handbook of UFO Religions
2206:The North American Review
1254:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1216:Tokyo subway sarin attack
1206:Order of the Solar Temple
1054:described the group as a
482:over the years, notably "
213:
205:
191:
183:
165:
134:
124:
101:
89:
71:
61:
51:
42:
37:
4826:Chitty Chitty Death Bang
4762:Jonestown: Paradise Lost
4545:Chitty Chitty Death Bang
3936:Goldwag, Arthur (2009).
2121:Meredith, Nikki (2018).
1947:. Monday, April 7, 1997.
870:Christian millenarianism
538:evangelical Christianity
447:Studio City, Los Angeles
338:University of St. Thomas
275:Christian millenarianism
238:known primarily for the
76:Christian millenarianism
4403:Heaven's Gate VHS Tapes
4352:"Heaven's Gate Website"
4175:10.1525/nr.2010.14.2.34
4129:10.1525/nr.2000.3.2.268
4089:(2). Elsevier: 98–117.
3830:Oxford University Press
3377:Investigation Discovery
3045:10.1525/nr.2010.14.2.34
2971:10.1525/nr.2017.20.4.80
2379:Coleman, Loren (2004).
2036:San Diego Union-Tribune
1400:Balch & Taylor 2002
1308:Balch & Taylor 2002
579:Messengers of Deception
517:banning sexual activity
507:, Do's "older member".
411:Robert A. Heinlein
405:. Applewhite also read
21:For the 1980 film, see
4833:The Field Where I Died
4303:. Rio DiAngelo Press.
4299:DiAngelo, Rio (2007).
4032:Partridge, Christopher
3671:The Hollywood Reporter
2401:consumed phenobarbital
1937:"The Marker We've Been
1050:The cultural theorist
887:The group adopted the
816:Marysville, California
812:
804:
766:
570:
236:new religious movement
56:New religious movement
4925:New Age organizations
4390:Heaven's Gate Podcast
4371:Ramsland, Katherine.
3911:Chryssides, George D.
3848:Chryssides, George D.
3816:Chryssides, George D.
3598:"A Tale of Two Cults"
1166:had joined the cast.
1164:Grace Caroline Currey
911:interpreted the Bible
898:Chariots of the Gods?
808:
799:
747:
568:
415:Arthur C. Clarke
409:, including works by
332:began his foray into
4819:El cerco de Numancia
4329:. pp. 207–221.
4062:Macmillan Publishers
4038:. Psychology Press.
3870:. pp. 369–388.
3636:(January 29, 2018).
3603:Dark Side of the 90s
3432:The Information Bomb
3360:on January 14, 2002.
2324:The first team of 15
2310:on December 11, 2006
2263:Oxygen Official Site
1798:"They Walk Among Us"
1593:. pp. 439–440.
1156:Berlin Film Festival
1137:Dark Side of the 90s
630:documentary series,
28:For other uses, see
23:Heaven's Gate (film)
4636:1906 Badung puputan
4466:Marshall Applewhite
3408:on January 13, 2009
3296:, pp. 171–172.
3272:, pp. 123–124.
3014:, pp. 369–374.
2848:. February 20, 1998
2457:Escondido Grapevine
2292:Ramsland, Katherine
2265:. December 10, 2020
2041:Copley News Service
1091:Saturday Night Live
654:Manzano, New Mexico
330:Marshall Applewhite
248:Marshall Applewhite
171:Marshall Applewhite
115:Marshall Applewhite
4905:Apocalyptic groups
4811:In popular culture
4671:Nazi Germany, 1945
4395:2018-10-24 at the
4226:Queen's University
4054:Lifton, Robert Jay
3919:Ashgate Publishing
2880:on October 3, 2008
2810:The New York Times
2771:North County Times
2702:Skeptical Inquirer
2095:The New York Times
2049:on March 24, 2020.
1987:(March 30, 1997).
1962:2020-11-12 at the
1705:The New York Times
1622:2009-01-29 at the
1531:(March 21, 2007).
1465:The New York Times
1458:(April 28, 1997).
1298:, pp. 44, 48.
1066:In popular culture
620:rather than Bell.
571:
431:Book of Revelation
373:and read works by
264:monastic lifestyle
4872:
4871:
4749:
4748:
4581:
4580:
4385:on March 5, 2005.
4378:The Crime Library
4366:on March 2, 2013.
4336:978-0-306-81503-4
4261:978-0-913757-43-7
4197:978-1-4798-0381-1
4151:978-0-8147-9720-4
4071:978-0-8050-6511-4
4045:978-0-415-26324-5
3957:978-0-307-39067-7
3928:978-0-7546-6374-4
3885:978-90-04-43437-0
3839:978-0-19-515682-9
3807:978-0-521-66898-9
3790:Melton, J. Gordon
3786:Bromley, David G.
3610:. August 26, 2021
3520:Los Angeles Times
3465:Los Angeles Times
3397:The Seattle Times
3371:"Heaven's Gate".
2934:Los Angeles Times
2840:"'Do Not Revive'"
2694:Frazier, Kendrick
2493:. March 28, 1997.
2392:978-1-4165-0554-9
2166:on April 11, 2021
2134:978-0-8065-3860-0
2127:. Citadel Press.
1911:Los Angeles Times
1810:on March 28, 2007
1689:, pp. 65–66.
1677:, pp. 59–65.
1665:, pp. 41–42.
1636:Mizrach, Steven.
1590:Christian Century
1349:, pp. 42–43.
1076:made-for-TV movie
893:Erich Von Däniken
889:ancient astronaut
785:as an example of
602:Coast to Coast AM
592:In January 1994,
429:described in the
364:extraterrestrials
334:Biblical prophecy
229:
228:
4957:
4646:Dance of Zalongo
4626:
4625:
4608:
4601:
4594:
4585:
4584:
4445:
4438:
4431:
4422:
4421:
4416:Internet Archive
4407:Internet Archive
4386:
4381:. Archived from
4367:
4362:. Archived from
4355:
4340:
4314:
4295:
4270:Balch, Robert W.
4265:
4244:Balch, Robert W.
4239:
4214:Balch, Robert W.
4201:
4178:
4155:
4132:
4106:
4075:
4049:
4023:
4006:Prometheus Books
3991:
3965:
3932:
3905:
3868:Brill Publishers
3843:
3811:
3767:
3766:
3764:
3762:
3745:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3734:
3717:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3706:
3689:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3678:
3661:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3650:
3630:
3624:
3623:
3617:
3615:
3594:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3583:
3566:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3555:
3538:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3527:
3510:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3499:
3494:. April 21, 1997
3487:
3480:
3474:
3473:
3456:
3450:
3449:
3424:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3413:
3404:. Archived from
3387:
3381:
3380:
3368:
3362:
3361:
3356:. Archived from
3346:(October 1999).
3340:
3334:
3328:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3317:
3303:
3297:
3291:
3285:
3279:
3273:
3267:
3258:
3252:
3246:
3240:
3234:
3228:
3219:
3213:
3207:
3201:
3192:
3186:
3180:
3174:
3165:
3159:
3153:
3147:
3141:
3135:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3121:
3104:
3098:
3092:
3086:
3080:
3074:
3068:
3057:
3056:
3024:
3015:
3009:
3003:
2997:
2991:
2990:
2952:
2946:
2945:
2943:
2941:
2924:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2908:. March 30, 1997
2896:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2885:
2864:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2836:
2827:
2826:
2820:
2818:
2797:
2788:
2787:
2781:
2779:
2761:
2755:
2754:
2748:
2746:
2724:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2690:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2649:
2641:
2635:
2633:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2604:. March 28, 1997
2592:
2586:
2585:
2579:
2577:
2559:
2548:
2547:
2541:
2533:
2527:
2525:
2508:
2495:
2494:
2481:
2475:
2474:
2471:
2465:
2463:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2436:
2434:
2429:on July 15, 2020
2425:. Archived from
2414:
2408:
2407:
2404:
2400:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2366:
2362:
2356:
2354:
2342:"The Next Level"
2337:
2331:
2330:
2327:
2323:
2317:
2315:
2288:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2255:
2249:
2248:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2160:Monster Children
2152:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2105:
2103:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2069:. March 27, 1997
2057:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2026:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2006:
1997:. Archived from
1994:Associated Press
1981:
1975:
1973:
1968:Associated Press
1954:
1948:
1940:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1921:
1919:
1902:
1889:
1888:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1806:. Archived from
1793:
1787:
1786:
1773:Ronin Publishing
1761:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1733:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1696:
1690:
1684:
1678:
1672:
1666:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1640:. Archived from
1633:
1627:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1573:
1567:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1545:on March 3, 2015
1541:. Archived from
1529:Bearman, Joshuah
1525:
1506:
1496:
1490:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1452:
1443:
1437:
1431:
1421:
1415:
1409:
1403:
1397:
1386:
1380:
1374:
1368:
1362:
1356:
1350:
1344:
1338:
1332:
1323:
1317:
1311:
1305:
1299:
1293:
1287:
1281:
1275:
1269:
1260:
1259:
1253:
1245:
1234:
1145:Glynn Washington
1105:In 2018, rapper
997:Branch Davidians
963:
938:extraterrestrial
836:
764:
758:
744:
711:Nichelle Nichols
651:
467:CBS Evening News
387:King James Bible
379:R. D. Laing
375:Helena Blavatsky
360:
315:
250:(1931–1997) and
234:was an American
225:
222:
220:
214:Official website
179:
173:
47:
35:
34:
4965:
4964:
4960:
4959:
4958:
4956:
4955:
4954:
4875:
4874:
4873:
4868:
4863:Inspector Rishi
4806:
4781:
4745:
4724:
4617:
4612:
4582:
4577:
4564:
4532:
4496:
4487:Comet Hale–Bopp
4475:
4454:
4449:
4397:Wayback Machine
4358:
4350:
4347:
4337:
4311:
4292:
4274:Lewis, James R.
4262:
4236:
4209:
4207:Further reading
4204:
4198:
4152:
4072:
4046:
4028:Lewis, James R.
4016:
3996:Lewis, James R.
3988:
3958:
3929:
3886:
3840:
3820:Lewis, James R.
3808:
3776:
3771:
3770:
3760:
3758:
3746:
3742:
3732:
3730:
3718:
3714:
3704:
3702:
3690:
3686:
3676:
3674:
3662:
3658:
3648:
3646:
3631:
3627:
3613:
3611:
3596:
3595:
3591:
3581:
3579:
3567:
3563:
3553:
3551:
3539:
3535:
3525:
3523:
3511:
3507:
3497:
3495:
3482:
3481:
3477:
3458:
3457:
3453:
3446:
3425:
3421:
3411:
3409:
3388:
3384:
3370:
3369:
3365:
3341:
3337:
3329:
3325:
3315:
3313:
3305:
3304:
3300:
3292:
3288:
3280:
3276:
3268:
3261:
3253:
3249:
3241:
3237:
3229:
3222:
3214:
3210:
3202:
3195:
3187:
3183:
3175:
3168:
3160:
3156:
3148:
3144:
3136:
3129:
3119:
3117:
3105:
3101:
3093:
3089:
3081:
3077:
3069:
3060:
3025:
3018:
3012:Chryssides 2021
3010:
3006:
2998:
2994:
2953:
2949:
2939:
2937:
2925:
2921:
2911:
2909:
2898:
2897:
2893:
2883:
2881:
2866:
2865:
2861:
2851:
2849:
2838:
2837:
2830:
2816:
2814:
2803:(May 7, 1997).
2801:Purdum, Todd S.
2798:
2791:
2777:
2775:
2762:
2758:
2744:
2742:
2734:The Independent
2725:
2721:
2711:
2709:
2691:
2684:
2674:
2672:
2664:
2663:
2659:
2643:
2642:
2631:
2629:
2622:
2621:
2617:
2607:
2605:
2594:
2593:
2589:
2575:
2573:
2560:
2551:
2535:
2534:
2523:
2521:
2510:
2509:
2498:
2483:
2482:
2478:
2469:
2461:
2459:
2449:
2445:
2432:
2430:
2415:
2411:
2402:
2398:
2393:
2377:
2373:
2364:
2360:
2352:
2350:
2338:
2334:
2325:
2321:
2313:
2311:
2296:"Death Mansion"
2289:
2278:
2268:
2266:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2237:
2233:
2198:
2194:
2184:
2183:
2179:
2169:
2167:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2119:
2115:
2101:
2099:
2086:
2082:
2072:
2070:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2027:
2014:
2004:
2002:
1985:Mendoza, Martha
1982:
1978:
1971:
1964:Wayback Machine
1955:
1951:
1938:
1935:
1931:
1917:
1915:
1904:
1903:
1892:
1881:Louis Theroux.
1879:
1875:
1865:
1863:
1861:Knowledge Fight
1853:
1849:
1839:
1837:
1827:
1823:
1813:
1811:
1794:
1790:
1783:
1765:Vallee, Jacques
1762:
1758:
1748:
1746:
1734:
1727:
1717:
1715:
1697:
1693:
1685:
1681:
1673:
1669:
1661:
1657:
1647:
1645:
1644:on May 17, 2008
1634:
1630:
1624:Wayback Machine
1614:
1610:
1600:
1598:
1583:(May 7, 1997).
1574:
1570:
1562:
1558:
1548:
1546:
1526:
1509:
1503:Chryssides 2004
1497:
1493:
1487:Chryssides 2004
1485:
1481:
1471:
1469:
1453:
1446:
1438:
1434:
1426:, p. 356;
1424:Chryssides 2004
1422:
1418:
1410:
1406:
1398:
1389:
1383:Chryssides 2004
1381:
1377:
1369:
1365:
1357:
1353:
1345:
1341:
1333:
1326:
1318:
1314:
1306:
1302:
1294:
1290:
1282:
1278:
1270:
1263:
1247:
1246:
1238:"Heaven's Gate"
1236:
1235:
1231:
1226:
1180:
1172:
1160:Michael C. Hall
1068:
1025:
979:
961:
930:Do's Final Exit
854:
834:
779:
765:
762:
756:
742:
732:Do's Final Exit
665:Comet Hale–Bopp
661:Do's Final Exit
649:
642:
613:Knowledge Fight
563:
555:Comet Hale–Bopp
472:Walter Cronkite
407:science fiction
359:Another account
358:
322:
313:
310:Comet Hale–Bopp
306:ritual suicides
302:Rancho Santa Fe
217:
201:
175:
169:
161:
120:
33:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4963:
4953:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4870:
4869:
4867:
4866:
4859:
4852:
4843:
4836:
4829:
4822:
4814:
4812:
4808:
4807:
4805:
4804:
4797:
4789:
4787:
4786:Dramatizations
4783:
4782:
4780:
4779:
4772:
4765:
4757:
4755:
4751:
4750:
4747:
4746:
4744:
4743:
4738:
4732:
4730:
4726:
4725:
4723:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4710:Peoples Temple
4707:
4706:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4685:
4680:
4679:
4678:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4632:
4630:
4623:
4619:
4618:
4611:
4610:
4603:
4596:
4588:
4579:
4578:
4576:
4575:
4569:
4566:
4565:
4563:
4562:
4555:
4552:Bounded Choice
4548:
4540:
4538:
4534:
4533:
4531:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4513:Jacques Vallée
4510:
4504:
4502:
4498:
4497:
4495:
4494:
4489:
4483:
4481:
4477:
4476:
4474:
4473:
4471:Bonnie Nettles
4468:
4462:
4460:
4456:
4455:
4448:
4447:
4440:
4433:
4425:
4419:
4418:
4409:
4400:
4387:
4368:
4356:
4346:
4345:External links
4343:
4342:
4341:
4335:
4319:Theroux, Louis
4315:
4310:978-1427618559
4309:
4296:
4291:978-0791423295
4290:
4266:
4260:
4240:
4235:978-0853892168
4234:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4202:
4196:
4179:
4156:
4150:
4133:
4123:(2): 268–302.
4107:
4076:
4070:
4050:
4044:
4024:
4014:
3998:, ed. (2001).
3992:
3986:
3966:
3956:
3933:
3927:
3906:
3884:
3844:
3838:
3812:
3806:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3769:
3768:
3740:
3712:
3684:
3656:
3625:
3589:
3561:
3533:
3505:
3475:
3451:
3445:978-1859847459
3444:
3438:. p. 41.
3419:
3382:
3363:
3335:
3333:, p. 143.
3323:
3298:
3286:
3284:, p. 184.
3274:
3259:
3247:
3245:, p. 193.
3235:
3233:, p. 368.
3220:
3218:, p. 182.
3208:
3206:, p. 104.
3193:
3181:
3179:, p. 155.
3166:
3164:, p. 102.
3154:
3142:
3127:
3099:
3097:, p. 213.
3087:
3075:
3058:
3016:
3004:
2992:
2947:
2919:
2891:
2859:
2828:
2789:
2784:Newspapers.com
2774:. pp. A-4
2756:
2719:
2682:
2657:
2615:
2587:
2582:Newspapers.com
2549:
2496:
2476:
2443:
2409:
2391:
2371:
2332:
2276:
2250:
2231:
2192:
2177:
2147:
2133:
2113:
2080:
2052:
2012:
2001:on May 2, 2021
1976:
1949:
1929:
1924:Newspapers.com
1890:
1873:
1847:
1821:
1788:
1782:978-0915904389
1781:
1756:
1725:
1691:
1679:
1667:
1655:
1628:
1615:Ryan J. Cook,
1608:
1577:Hexham, Irving
1568:
1556:
1507:
1505:, p. 357.
1501:, p. 60;
1491:
1489:, p. 356.
1479:
1444:
1442:, p. 276.
1432:
1416:
1414:, p. 108.
1404:
1402:, p. 211.
1387:
1385:, p. 355.
1375:
1363:
1361:, p. 306.
1351:
1339:
1337:, p. 123.
1324:
1312:
1310:, p. 210.
1300:
1288:
1286:, p. 111.
1276:
1261:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1189:Peoples Temple
1186:
1179:
1176:
1171:
1168:
1079:Mysterious Two
1067:
1064:
1024:
1021:
1013:
1012:
1008:
993:
990:
978:
975:
862:Evangelicalism
853:
850:
778:
775:
760:
641:
638:
618:Courtney Brown
575:Jacques Vallée
562:
559:
505:God the Father
492:Jacques Vallée
385:. They kept a
350:Bonnie Nettles
321:
318:
252:Bonnie Nettles
227:
226:
215:
211:
210:
207:
203:
202:
200:
199:
195:
193:
189:
188:
185:
181:
180:
177:Bonnie Nettles
167:
163:
162:
160:
159:
149:
138:
136:
132:
131:
126:
122:
121:
119:
118:
112:
109:Bonnie Nettles
105:
103:
99:
98:
93:
87:
86:
73:
69:
68:
63:
62:Classification
59:
58:
53:
49:
48:
40:
39:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4962:
4951:
4950:UFO religions
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4920:Mass suicides
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4882:
4880:
4865:
4864:
4860:
4857:
4853:
4851:
4849:
4848:Stargate SG-1
4844:
4842:
4841:
4837:
4834:
4830:
4827:
4823:
4821:
4820:
4816:
4815:
4813:
4809:
4803:
4802:
4798:
4796:
4795:
4791:
4790:
4788:
4784:
4778:
4777:
4773:
4771:
4770:
4766:
4764:
4763:
4759:
4758:
4756:
4754:Documentaries
4752:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4733:
4731:
4727:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4690:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4677:
4674:
4673:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4651:Heaven's Gate
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4641:Burari deaths
4639:
4637:
4634:
4633:
4631:
4627:
4624:
4620:
4616:
4609:
4604:
4602:
4597:
4595:
4590:
4589:
4586:
4574:
4571:
4570:
4567:
4561:
4560:
4556:
4554:
4553:
4549:
4546:
4542:
4541:
4539:
4535:
4529:
4528:Irving Hexham
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4518:Louis Theroux
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4505:
4503:
4499:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4484:
4482:
4478:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4463:
4461:
4457:
4453:
4452:Heaven's Gate
4446:
4441:
4439:
4434:
4432:
4427:
4426:
4423:
4417:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4404:
4401:
4398:
4394:
4391:
4388:
4384:
4380:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4365:
4361:
4357:
4353:
4349:
4348:
4338:
4332:
4328:
4327:Da Capo Press
4324:
4320:
4316:
4312:
4306:
4302:
4297:
4293:
4287:
4283:
4279:
4275:
4271:
4267:
4263:
4257:
4253:
4249:
4248:Stark, Rodney
4245:
4241:
4237:
4231:
4227:
4223:
4219:
4215:
4211:
4210:
4199:
4193:
4189:
4185:
4180:
4176:
4172:
4168:
4164:
4163:
4157:
4153:
4147:
4143:
4139:
4134:
4130:
4126:
4122:
4118:
4117:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4092:
4088:
4084:
4083:
4077:
4073:
4067:
4063:
4059:
4055:
4051:
4047:
4041:
4037:
4036:UFO Religions
4033:
4029:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4015:1-57392-842-9
4011:
4007:
4003:
4002:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3987:0-520-23194-5
3983:
3979:
3975:
3971:
3970:Lalich, Janja
3967:
3963:
3959:
3953:
3949:
3945:
3944:Vintage Books
3941:
3940:
3934:
3930:
3924:
3920:
3916:
3912:
3907:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3891:
3887:
3881:
3877:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3835:
3831:
3827:
3826:
3821:
3817:
3813:
3809:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3787:
3783:
3782:Balch, Robert
3779:
3778:
3757:
3756:
3751:
3744:
3729:
3728:
3723:
3716:
3701:
3700:
3695:
3688:
3673:
3672:
3667:
3660:
3645:
3644:
3639:
3635:
3629:
3621:
3609:
3606:. Episode 7.
3605:
3604:
3599:
3593:
3578:
3577:
3572:
3565:
3550:
3549:
3544:
3537:
3522:
3521:
3516:
3509:
3493:
3492:
3486:
3479:
3471:
3470:Baltimore Sun
3467:
3466:
3461:
3455:
3447:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3428:Virilio, Paul
3423:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3398:
3393:
3386:
3378:
3374:
3367:
3359:
3355:
3354:
3349:
3345:
3339:
3332:
3327:
3312:
3311:Heaven's Gate
3308:
3302:
3295:
3290:
3283:
3278:
3271:
3266:
3264:
3257:, p. 31.
3256:
3251:
3244:
3239:
3232:
3227:
3225:
3217:
3212:
3205:
3200:
3198:
3191:, p. 95.
3190:
3185:
3178:
3173:
3171:
3163:
3158:
3152:, p. 99.
3151:
3146:
3140:, p. 38.
3139:
3134:
3132:
3116:
3115:
3110:
3103:
3096:
3091:
3085:, p. 17.
3084:
3079:
3073:, p. 16.
3072:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3023:
3021:
3013:
3008:
3002:, p. 71.
3001:
2996:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2959:
2951:
2936:
2935:
2930:
2923:
2907:
2906:
2901:
2895:
2879:
2875:
2874:
2869:
2863:
2847:
2846:
2841:
2835:
2833:
2825:
2812:
2811:
2806:
2802:
2796:
2794:
2785:
2773:
2772:
2767:
2760:
2753:
2740:
2736:
2735:
2730:
2723:
2712:September 18,
2707:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2689:
2687:
2675:September 18,
2671:
2670:amber.zine.cz
2667:
2661:
2653:
2647:
2646:cite AV media
2639:
2632:September 11,
2627:
2626:
2619:
2603:
2602:
2597:
2591:
2583:
2571:
2570:
2565:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2545:
2539:
2538:cite AV media
2531:
2519:
2515:
2514:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2492:
2491:
2486:
2480:
2473:
2458:
2454:
2447:
2440:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2413:
2406:
2394:
2388:
2384:
2383:
2375:
2368:
2349:
2348:
2343:
2336:
2329:
2314:September 20,
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2264:
2260:
2254:
2246:
2242:
2235:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2196:
2188:
2181:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2151:
2136:
2130:
2126:
2125:
2117:
2110:
2097:
2096:
2091:
2084:
2068:
2067:
2062:
2056:
2047:
2042:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2000:
1996:
1995:
1990:
1986:
1980:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1958:
1953:
1946:
1945:
1933:
1925:
1913:
1912:
1907:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1886:
1885:
1877:
1862:
1858:
1851:
1836:
1832:
1825:
1809:
1805:
1804:
1799:
1792:
1784:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1760:
1749:September 30,
1745:
1744:
1739:
1732:
1730:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1695:
1688:
1683:
1676:
1671:
1664:
1659:
1643:
1639:
1632:
1625:
1621:
1618:
1617:Heaven's Gate
1612:
1596:
1592:
1591:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1572:
1566:, p. 34.
1565:
1560:
1544:
1540:
1539:
1534:
1530:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1504:
1500:
1495:
1488:
1483:
1467:
1466:
1461:
1457:
1456:Bearak, Barry
1451:
1449:
1441:
1436:
1430:, p. 40.
1429:
1425:
1420:
1413:
1408:
1401:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1384:
1379:
1373:, p. 40.
1372:
1367:
1360:
1355:
1348:
1343:
1336:
1331:
1329:
1322:, p. 43.
1321:
1316:
1309:
1304:
1297:
1292:
1285:
1280:
1274:, p. 77.
1273:
1268:
1266:
1257:
1251:
1243:
1242:Heaven's Gate
1239:
1233:
1229:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1212:
1211:Aum Shinrikyo
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1175:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1148:
1146:
1141:
1139:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1114:
1113:
1112:Eternal Atake
1108:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1092:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1077:
1074:produced the
1073:
1063:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1048:
1046:
1045:Higher Source
1041:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1020:
1018:
1009:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
991:
988:
984:
983:
982:
974:
972:
966:
959:
955:
951:
945:
941:
939:
933:
931:
927:
922:
918:
914:
912:
907:
904:
900:
899:
894:
890:
885:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
852:Belief system
849:
847:
843:
838:
832:
831:Louis J. West
828:
823:
819:
817:
811:
807:
803:
798:
796:
792:
788:
784:
774:
772:
759:
753:
750:
746:
740:
735:
733:
728:
726:
722:
721:
716:
712:
706:
703:
699:
695:
694:
689:
685:
681:
677:
676:phenobarbital
672:
670:
666:
662:
657:
655:
647:
637:
635:
634:
629:
625:
624:Louis Theroux
621:
619:
615:
614:
608:
604:
603:
597:
596:
590:
588:
584:
580:
576:
567:
558:
556:
550:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
521:
518:
513:
512:United States
508:
506:
502:
498:
497:Millennialism
493:
489:
485:
481:
476:
473:
469:
468:
463:
459:
454:
452:
448:
442:
440:
434:
432:
428:
427:two witnesses
424:
423:reincarnation
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
391:New Testament
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
367:
365:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
324:The son of a
317:
311:
307:
303:
299:
294:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
267:
265:
261:
257:
256:two witnesses
253:
249:
245:
241:
240:mass suicides
237:
233:
232:Heaven's Gate
224:
216:
212:
208:
206:Other name(s)
204:
197:
196:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
172:
168:
164:
157:
153:
150:
147:
143:
140:
139:
137:
133:
130:
129:United States
127:
123:
116:
113:
110:
107:
106:
104:
100:
97:
94:
92:
88:
85:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
64:
60:
57:
54:
50:
46:
41:
38:Heaven's Gate
36:
31:
24:
19:
4861:
4847:
4838:
4817:
4799:
4792:
4774:
4767:
4760:
4656:Igbo Landing
4650:
4615:Mass suicide
4557:
4550:
4523:Janja Lalich
4508:Robert Balch
4492:UFO religion
4451:
4383:the original
4376:
4364:the original
4322:
4300:
4277:
4251:
4221:
4183:
4169:(2): 34–60.
4166:
4162:Nova Religio
4160:
4137:
4120:
4116:Nova Religio
4114:
4086:
4080:
4057:
4035:
4018:– via
4000:
3973:
3960:– via
3938:
3914:
3855:
3824:
3793:
3774:Bibliography
3759:. Retrieved
3753:
3743:
3733:November 27,
3731:. Retrieved
3725:
3715:
3705:November 13,
3703:. Retrieved
3697:
3687:
3675:. Retrieved
3669:
3659:
3647:. Retrieved
3641:
3634:Shapiro, Ari
3628:
3618:– via
3612:. Retrieved
3602:
3592:
3580:. Retrieved
3574:
3564:
3552:. Retrieved
3546:
3536:
3526:November 11,
3524:. Retrieved
3518:
3508:
3498:November 11,
3496:. Retrieved
3489:
3478:
3463:
3454:
3431:
3422:
3412:December 30,
3410:. Retrieved
3406:the original
3395:
3385:
3372:
3366:
3358:the original
3351:
3338:
3331:Zeller 2014a
3326:
3314:. Retrieved
3310:
3301:
3294:Zeller 2014a
3289:
3282:Zeller 2014a
3277:
3270:Zeller 2014a
3255:Zeller 2014a
3250:
3243:Zeller 2014a
3238:
3216:Zeller 2014a
3211:
3204:Zeller 2014a
3189:Zeller 2014a
3184:
3177:Zeller 2014a
3162:Zeller 2014a
3157:
3150:Zeller 2014a
3145:
3138:Zeller 2014a
3118:. Retrieved
3112:
3102:
3095:Zeller 2014a
3090:
3078:
3039:(2): 34–60.
3036:
3033:Nova Religio
3032:
3007:
3000:Zeller 2014a
2995:
2965:(4): 80–93.
2962:
2958:Nova Religio
2956:
2950:
2938:. Retrieved
2932:
2922:
2910:. Retrieved
2903:
2894:
2882:. Retrieved
2878:the original
2871:
2862:
2850:. Retrieved
2843:
2822:
2815:. Retrieved
2808:
2782:– via
2776:. Retrieved
2769:
2759:
2750:
2743:. Retrieved
2732:
2722:
2710:. Retrieved
2705:
2701:
2673:. Retrieved
2669:
2660:
2636:– via
2630:. Retrieved
2624:
2618:
2606:. Retrieved
2599:
2590:
2580:– via
2574:. Retrieved
2567:
2528:– via
2522:. Retrieved
2512:
2488:
2479:
2467:
2460:. Retrieved
2456:
2446:
2438:
2431:. Retrieved
2427:the original
2422:
2412:
2396:
2381:
2374:
2358:
2351:. Retrieved
2345:
2335:
2319:
2312:. Retrieved
2308:the original
2299:
2269:December 10,
2267:. Retrieved
2262:
2253:
2245:AllOutAttack
2244:
2234:
2209:
2205:
2195:
2186:
2180:
2168:. Retrieved
2164:the original
2159:
2150:
2140:February 11,
2138:. Retrieved
2123:
2116:
2107:
2100:. Retrieved
2093:
2083:
2071:. Retrieved
2064:
2055:
2046:the original
2034:
2003:. Retrieved
1999:the original
1992:
1979:
1952:
1942:
1932:
1922:– via
1916:. Retrieved
1909:
1883:
1876:
1864:. Retrieved
1860:
1850:
1840:September 3,
1838:. Retrieved
1834:
1824:
1812:. Retrieved
1808:the original
1801:
1791:
1768:
1759:
1747:. Retrieved
1741:
1716:. Retrieved
1704:
1694:
1687:Zeller 2014a
1682:
1675:Zeller 2014a
1670:
1663:Zeller 2014a
1658:
1646:. Retrieved
1642:the original
1631:
1611:
1599:. Retrieved
1588:
1581:Poewe, Karla
1571:
1564:Zeller 2014a
1559:
1549:November 14,
1547:. Retrieved
1543:the original
1536:
1499:Goerman 2011
1494:
1482:
1470:. Retrieved
1463:
1435:
1428:Zeller 2010b
1419:
1412:Zeller 2014a
1407:
1378:
1371:Zeller 2010b
1366:
1354:
1347:Zeller 2010b
1342:
1335:Zeller 2010a
1315:
1303:
1291:
1279:
1272:Goldwag 2009
1241:
1232:
1184:UFO religion
1173:
1170:Nike Decades
1151:
1149:
1142:
1135:
1129:
1118:
1117:
1110:
1107:Lil Uzi Vert
1104:
1089:
1087:
1078:
1072:Gary Sherman
1069:
1052:Paul Virilio
1049:
1044:
1042:
1026:
1014:
1011:"graduated".
1001:Randy Weaver
980:
971:Nestorianism
967:
946:
942:
934:
929:
925:
923:
919:
915:
908:
897:
886:
882:UFO religion
855:
839:
827:Janja Lalich
824:
820:
813:
809:
805:
800:
787:mass suicide
780:
767:
754:
751:
748:
736:
731:
729:
724:
718:
707:
691:
684:asphyxiation
673:
660:
658:
643:
640:Mass suicide
631:
622:
611:
600:
593:
591:
587:Robert Balch
578:
572:
551:
522:
509:
477:
465:
455:
443:
435:
393:focusing on
383:Richard Bach
368:
326:Presbyterian
323:
295:
287:UFO religion
268:
231:
230:
221:.heavensgate
135:Headquarters
66:UFO religion
18:
4501:Researchers
4224:. Belfast:
4218:Wallis, Roy
4111:Urban, Hugh
4020:Archive.org
3962:Archive.org
3946:. pp.
3761:January 11,
3727:News.com.au
2884:October 21,
2817:October 21,
2813:. p. 1
2778:December 2,
2572:. p. 1
2320:On Saturday
2102:November 9,
2098:. p. 1
1866:January 12,
1648:October 10,
1468:. p. 1
1359:Lifton 2000
1320:Lalich 2004
1296:Lalich 2004
534:Catholicism
484:Bo and Peep
403:eschatology
395:Christology
158:(1996–1997)
148:(1995–1996)
117:(1974–1997)
111:(1974–1985)
72:Orientation
4879:Categories
4856:Umi Yukaba
4573:WikiSource
4480:Background
4459:Leadership
4280:. Albany:
3614:August 23,
3608:Vice Media
3344:Ross, Rick
3231:Lewis 2001
3083:Lewis 2001
3071:Lewis 2001
2912:October 4,
2608:October 6,
2569:The Signal
2212:(5): 4–9.
1814:August 23,
1601:October 6,
1440:Urban 2000
1284:Lewis 2003
1224:References
1152:The Leader
1132:Vice Media
1037:castration
1033:communally
1005:Ruby Ridge
903:transhuman
795:Heidelberg
702:Mark Twain
542:Republican
501:Gnosticism
399:asceticism
260:Revelation
156:California
146:New Mexico
4103:144033418
3902:238039134
3894:1874-6691
3755:Vice News
3677:March 25,
3649:March 25,
3576:IndieWire
3120:April 26,
3053:1092-6690
2979:1092-6690
2940:April 22,
2405:all dying
2218:0029-2397
2170:April 11,
1803:LA Weekly
1718:April 26,
1713:0362-4331
1538:LA Weekly
1194:Jonestown
1127:in 2020.
1070:In 1979,
1056:cybersect
1023:Structure
1017:guide dog
791:Alan Hale
777:Aftermath
720:Star Trek
693:Star Trek
595:LA Weekly
526:Sheilaism
488:Do and Ti
439:St. Louis
354:theosophy
152:San Diego
91:Scripture
4846:"Seth" (
4729:Disputed
4720:Numantia
4683:Odaeyang
4666:Kamikaze
4393:Archived
4321:(2005).
4082:Religion
4056:(2000).
3972:(2004).
3850:(2021).
3792:(eds.).
3699:Deadline
3430:(2000).
3316:April 5,
2987:26417722
2845:CBS News
2752:members.
2745:June 23,
2739:Archived
2696:(1998).
2468:March 24
2423:Timeline
2347:Newsweek
2226:25126154
1960:Archived
1767:(1979).
1620:Archived
1595:Archived
1472:June 11,
1250:cite web
1178:See also
958:walk-ins
866:theology
771:cremated
761:—
698:vagrancy
607:Art Bell
577:'s book
458:Waldport
451:end time
271:theology
4715:PilÄ—nai
4276:(ed.).
4250:(ed.).
4220:(ed.).
4034:(ed.).
3913:(ed.).
3620:YouTube
3554:May 21,
2852:May 13,
2638:YouTube
2576:June 1,
2530:YouTube
2524:June 1,
2462:June 3,
2433:June 3,
2353:June 3,
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