Knowledge

Hebrew punctuation

Source ๐Ÿ“

996: 1924:, is rarely referred to in Israeli texts; both due to its lifespan of only five years and the fact that due to hyperinflation it lost value daily, so that referring to a value in Israeli old shekels, even in retrospective writing, is essentially meaningless without knowing the exact time the figure was quoted. As prices changed so rapidly, advertising of the time predominately used dollars; when the shekel was referred to at all, it was with the letter S or its full Hebrew nameโ€” 2939:ื‘ึฐึผืจึตืืฉึดืึ–ื™ืช ื‘ึธึผืจึธึฃื ืึฑืœึนื”ึดึ‘ื™ื ืึตึฅืช ื”ึทืฉึธึผืืžึทึ–ื™ึดื ื•ึฐืึตึฅืช ื”ึธืึธึฝืจึถืฅืƒ ื•ึฐื”ึธืึธึ—ืจึถืฅ ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธึฅื” ืชึนึ™ื”ื•ึผึ™ ื•ึธื‘ึนึ”ื”ื•ึผ ื•ึฐื—ึนึ–ืฉึถืืšึฐ ืขึทืœึพืคึฐึผื ึตึฃื™ ืชึฐื”ึ‘ื•ึนื ื•ึฐืจึฃื•ึผื—ึท ืึฑืœึนื”ึดึ”ื™ื ืžึฐืจึทื—ึถึ–ืคึถืช ืขึทืœึพืคึฐึผื ึตึฅื™ ื”ึทืžึธึผึฝื™ึดืืƒ ื•ึทื™ึนึผึฅืืžึถืจ ืึฑืœึนื”ึดึ–ื™ื ื™ึฐื”ึดึฃื™ ืึ‘ื•ึนืจ ื•ึทึฝื™ึฐื”ึดื™ึพืึฝื•ึนืจืƒ ื•ึทื™ึทึผึงืจึฐื ืึฑืœึนื”ึดึ›ื™ื ืึถืชึพื”ึธืึ–ื•ึนืจ ื›ึดึผื™ึพื˜ึ‘ื•ึนื‘ ื•ึทื™ึทึผื‘ึฐื“ึตึผึฃืœ ืึฑืœึนื”ึดึ”ื™ื ื‘ึตึผึฅื™ืŸ ื”ึธืึ–ื•ึนืจ ื•ึผื‘ึตึฅื™ืŸ ื”ึทื—ึนึฝืฉึถืืšึฐืƒ ื•ึทื™ึดึผืงึฐืจึธึจื ืึฑืœึนื”ึดึคื™ืื€ ืœึธืื•ึนืจึ™ ื™ึ”ื•ึนื ื•ึฐืœึทื—ึนึ–ืฉึถืืšึฐ ืงึธึฃืจึธื ืœึธึ‘ื™ึฐืœึธื” ื•ึทึฝื™ึฐื”ึดื™ึพืขึถึฅืจึถื‘ ื•ึทึฝื™ึฐื”ึดื™ึพื‘ึนึ–ืงึถืจ ื™ึฅื•ึนื ืึถื—ึธึฝื“ืƒ 3902: 1921: 2960:ื‘ืจืืฉึ–ื™ืช ื‘ืจึฃื ืืœื”ึ‘ื™ื ืึฅืช ื”ืฉืžึ–ื™ื ื•ืึฅืช ื”ืึฝืจืฅืƒ ื•ื”ืึ—ืจืฅ ื”ื™ืชึฅื” ืชึ™ื”ื•ึ™ ื•ื‘ึ”ื”ื• ื•ื—ึ–ืฉืš ืขืœึพืคื ึฃื™ ืชื”ึ‘ื•ื ื•ืจึฃื•ื— ืืœื”ึ”ื™ื ืžืจื—ึ–ืคืช ืขืœึพืคื ึฅื™ ื”ืžึฝื™ืืƒ ื•ื™ึฅืืžืจ ืืœื”ึ–ื™ื ื™ื”ึฃื™ ืึ‘ื•ืจ ื•ึฝื™ื”ื™ึพืึฝื•ืจืƒ ื•ื™ึงืจื ืืœื”ึ›ื™ื ืืชึพื”ืึ–ื•ืจ ื›ื™ึพื˜ึ‘ื•ื‘ ื•ื™ื‘ื“ึฃืœ ืืœื”ึ”ื™ื ื‘ึฅื™ืŸ ื”ืึ–ื•ืจ ื•ื‘ึฅื™ืŸ ื”ื—ึฝืฉืšืƒ ื•ื™ืงืจึจื ืืœื”ึคื™ืื€ ืœืื•ืจึ™ ื™ึ”ื•ื ื•ืœื—ึ–ืฉืš ืงึฃืจื ืœึ‘ื™ืœื” ื•ึฝื™ื”ื™ึพืขึฅืจื‘ ื•ึฝื™ื”ื™ึพื‘ึ–ืงืจ ื™ึฅื•ื ืื—ึฝื“ืƒ 1701:
is well-used in Hebrew typography; most books and newspapers use it and have the hyphens higher than one would find in English. In typed documents, however, it is frequently not used because before the 2010s, it was absent from most keyboards or cumbersome to type. As a consequence, a standard
1778:
Brackets or parentheses, ⟨(⟩ and ⟨)⟩ are the same in Hebrew as in English. Since Hebrew is written from right to left, ⟨)⟩ becomes an opening bracket, and ⟨(⟩ a closing bracket, the opposite from English, which is written left to right.
4014: 2527:) indicate voweling or some other aspects of the pronunciation of a letter or word. While in Modern Hebrew they are not generally used outside poetry and children's books, a vowel point or other diacritic is occasionally added to resolve ambiguity. 2982:ื‘ืจื ืืœื”ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ืืจืฅืƒ ื•ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื™ืชื” ืชื”ื• ื•ื‘ื”ื• ื•ื—ืฉืš ืขืœึพืคื ื™ ืชื”ื•ื ื•ืจื•ื— ืืœื”ื™ื ืžืจื—ืคืช ืขืœึพืคื ื™ ื”ืžื™ืืƒ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืืœื”ื™ื ื™ื”ื™ ืื•ืจ ื•ื™ื”ื™ึพืื•ืจืƒ ื•ื™ืจื ืืœื”ื™ื ืืชึพื”ืื•ืจ ื›ื™ึพื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื™ื‘ื“ืœ ืืœื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ืจ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ืฉืšืƒ ื•ื™ืงืจื ืืœื”ื™ืื€ ืœืื•ืจ ื™ื•ื ื•ืœื—ืฉืš ืงืจื ืœื™ืœื” ื•ื™ื”ื™ึพืขืจื‘ ื•ื™ื”ื™ึพื‘ืงืจ ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ืƒ 2413:"), it does not function as any sort of letter in the text. It is not part of a word, and it is not read aloud in any way. It is simply a mark that is written, and is therefore a punctuation mark, not a letter. Also, it is surrounded by space. 1319: 4095:"In Israel the plus sign used in mathematics is represented by a horizontal stroke with a vertical hook instead of the sign otherwise used all over the world, because the latter is reminiscent of a cross." (Page 96) 1194:⟩ is mirrored right-to-left from the Latin question mark. (Some browsers may display the character in the previous sentence as a forward question mark due to font or text directionality issues.) 1650:⟨-⟩, and has virtually the same purpose for connecting two words as in English. It is different from the hyphen in its positioning (a hyphen is in the middle in terms of height, the 3022:, the cantillation marks are not used in modern spoken or written Hebrew at all. The cantillation marks provide a structure to sentences of Tanakh similar to that provided by punctuation marks. 1027:
However, this distinction in Hebrew between opening and closing quotation marks has mostly disappeared, and today, quotations are most often punctuated as they are in English (such as
2431:
at all, and when it does, it sometimes appears reversed (as mentioned above), sometimes inverted, and sometimes turned through 180ยฐ. Other times it appears to look like the letter Z.
2361: 2354: 2330: 1702:
English hyphen ⟨-⟩ is most often used in online writings. This situation can be compared to that of users writing in Latin alphabets using the easily available
2323: 1202:
mirrored - although that was once suggested (together with mirrored semi-colons, 'capital' letters, etc.) by a 19th century British minister called William Withers Ewbank.
2249:
has this symbol at position U+FB29 "Hebrew letter alternative plus sign" (๏ฌฉ). The reason for this practice is that it avoids the writing of a symbol "+" that looks like a
1911:, lit. "new shekel"). The new shekel sign can be typed on desktop Linux and Windows 8 and higher systems using the combination AltGr-4 according to the SI 1452 standard. 1198:
is also written right-to-left, but uses a question mark that appears on the page in the same orientation as Latin ⟨?⟩. Note that Hebrew commas are
931:
having imported additional punctuation marks from these languages in order to avoid the ambiguities sometimes occasioned by the relative lack of such symbols in
2050:‎⟩, is the Hebrew equivalent of a period in abbreviations (e.g. abbrev.), in addition to being attached to Hebrew letters to indicate sounds like 1380:
is not known, although a number of hypotheses exist. The word itself means "separator", but this name was a medieval innovation by later Jews; the root
1899:
Unlike the dollar sign, the new shekel sign is not used that often when handwriting monetary amounts, and is generally replaced by the abbreviation
4919: 2137: 3661: 862: 2145: 900: 4951: 2141: 3755:
HXYSARB The Book of Genesis, in the original Hebrew without points, but with Stops and Large Initial Letters (edited as an experiment)
1874:
exist for other currencies. The shekel sign, like the dollar sign ⟨$ ⟩, is usually placed to the left of the number (so
4160: 4874: 1361:⟨|⟩ is often used instead. However, it is seldom if ever used in modern Israeli Hebrew, and is not mentioned on the 1624:
Notice how the maqaf aligns with the top horizontal strokes whereas the standard English hyphen is in the middle of the letters.
4085: 1318: 3825:ื”ืขืจื” ื‘: ื”ืžืงืฃ ื”ื‘ื ื‘ืžืงืจื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื• ืื—ืจ, ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื™ืš ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื• ืœื˜ืขืžื™ ื”ืžืงืจื: ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ืฉืชื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื ืงืจืื•ืช ื‘ื˜ืขื ืื—ื“. ( 4198: 3933: 3010:
to be used as a guide for chanting the text, either from the printed text or, in the case of the public reading of the
2129:: where the latter are placed level with the top of Hebrew letters, the apostrophe and quotation marks are above them. 3778: 4092: 3908: 3739: 3654: 1888:), but since Hebrew is written from right to left, the symbol is actually written after the number. It is either not 855: 3028: 229: 2072: 893: 1531:ื•ึทื™ึดึผืงึฐืจึธึจื ืึฑืœึนื”ึดึคื™ืื€ ืœึธืื•ึนืจึ™ ื™ึ”ื•ึนื ื•ึฐืœึทื—ึนึ–ืฉึถืืšึฐ ืงึธึฃืจึธื ืœึธึ‘ื™ึฐืœึธื” ื•ึทึฝื™ึฐื”ึดื™ึพืขึถึฅืจึถื‘ ื•ึทึฝื™ึฐื”ึดื™ึพื‘ึนึ–ืงึถืจ ื™ึฅื•ึนื ืึถื—ึธึฝื“ืƒ ืค 995: 4830: 4825: 4193: 3811: 1362: 3983: 4153: 2059: 4835: 3647: 2416:
While it depends on the particular manuscript or printed edition, it is found in nine places: twice in the
1523: 1231:‎ ⟩ is the equivalent of a period, and is used in some writings such as prayer books. Since a 848: 2918: 2097:‎⟩, is a Hebrew symbol indicating that a sequence of characters is an acronym, and is placed 4905: 4350: 1397: 1046: 886: 4086:
Christian-Jewish Dialogue: Theological Foundations By Peter von der Osten-Sacken (1986 โ€“ Fortress Press)
2403:) is a rare character found in two Biblical Hebrew texts. Although in Judaic literature it is known as 1006:
With most printed Hebrew texts from the early 1970s and before, opening quotation marks are low (as in
2070: 2057: 3885: 2079: 4941: 4869: 4547: 4316: 4146: 2548:, is no longer used in Hebrew, even though it is routinely used in Yiddish spelling (as defined by 4912: 4891: 4854: 4742: 4542: 4324: 4291: 4207: 1392:
in which he hypothesized that it was an ancient mark serving the same purpose as the modern word
4764: 4641: 4276: 2113:, they are usually replaced online with, respectively, the visually similar apostrophe ⟨ 4946: 4552: 4203: 3988: 2233:
Mathematical expressions are written in Hebrew using the same symbols as in English, including
4619: 4119:"Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set: International Organization for Standardization" 4777: 4537: 4391: 2979: 2238: 1685:. This use continues into the present beyond reprintings of Biblical texts; for example, the 949: 4737: 4657: 4386: 3870:
A treatise on the accentuation of the twenty-one so-called prose books of the Old Testament
3806: 3582: 3113: 783: 314: 1496: 1480: 1464: 1010:), and closing ones are high, often going above the letters themselves (as opposed to the 8: 4784: 4772: 4690: 4494: 3868: 3851: 3830: 3601: 3043: 3032: 2904: 1889: 1682: 1244: 802: 244: 233: 4070: 4858: 4799: 4794: 3566: 3018:
includes only the letters of the text without cantillation or vowel marks. Outside the
1915: 1859: 1807: 1404:
s; William Wickes, an influential scholar in this area, divide them into nine classes;
767: 4850: 4747: 4680: 4645: 4594: 4088: 3735: 3330: 3312: 531: 513: 3928: 1052:
In addition, the quotation mark is often used for the similar looking but different
4898: 4303: 4266: 4233: 3405: 1508:"and lastly, between heterogeneous terms, as Eleazar the High Priest, and Joshua" ( 1405: 1178: 1170: 1151: 920: 606: 4118: 4845: 4809: 4715: 4651: 4629: 4406: 4308: 4298: 4271: 4245: 4240: 4228: 4188: 4183: 4169: 3753: 3689: 3684: 2992: 2915: 2417: 2250: 2234: 2102: 2051: 1445: 1354: 1342: 1240: 1195: 1185: 1066: 1038: 1007: 1000: 932: 4662: 4381: 4371: 4286: 4281: 3547: 3288: 3006:) have a very specialized use. They are only found in printed Hebrew texts of 2242: 2013: 1412:
as a divider between two words which end and begin with the same letters, e.g.
1384:‎ does not exist in the Biblical Hebrew canon. James Kennedy, an English 748: 489: 154: 3884:
Gesenius, Wilhelm; Kautzsch, E. (Emil); Cowley, A. E. (Arthur Ernest) (1910).
1662:
punctuation symbols, which have simply been imported from European languages.
1515: 4935: 4514: 4250: 3477: 3307: 3218: 1943:
was the Israeli Currency until 1980. Its sign is Iยฃ, and its abbreviation is
1940: 1828: 1659: 1423: 1174: 1147: 928: 924: 678: 508: 419: 1353:‎⟩ originates from Biblical Hebrew. As it is not on a standard 4789: 4705: 4637: 4479: 4439: 4419: 4366: 4017:[The transformation of the shekel sign ||| A story in four parts]. 3400: 2634: 2409: 2385: 2339: 2305: 2065: 1703: 1358: 1037:‎), with both quotation marks high. This is due to the advent of the 601: 199: 3833:, it indicates that two or more words are to be pronounced in one breath.) 4864: 4710: 4434: 4376: 4066: 3349: 3167: 3148: 3015: 2616: 2598: 1863: 1851: 1788: 1686: 1014:, which is level with the top of letters). An example of this system is 915: 550: 368: 349: 2360: 2353: 2329: 2148:, do not feature the apostrophe and quotation marks as such but use the 20: 4754: 3779:"Hebrew made more European; an innovative punctuation scheme from 1841" 3132: 3062: 1982: 1929: 1893: 1867: 1730:
symbol using most common computer, and mobile phone operating systems.
1711: 1669:
was to show that two words should be considered one for the purpose of
1486: 1143: 333: 263: 115: 3853:
The note-line in the Hebrew scriptures commonly called Pฤsฤ“q, or Pesรฎq
2237:, which are written left to right. The only variant that exists is an 1936:‎ to refer to it on checks, as well as the Latin letters "I.S." 1188:, which is also written from right to left, the question mark ⟨ 4729: 4700: 3624: 2290:
Mathematical expressions in Hebrew are nearly the same as in English
2089: 2008: 1966: 1871: 1221: 1124: 1054: 1011: 825: 128: 4899:
Gesenius' Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament Scriptures
3956: 4804: 4396: 4212: 4040: 3606: 3097: 2840: 1719: 1715: 1385: 807: 298: 4138: 3890:. Gerstein - University of Toronto. Oxford : Clarendon Press. 1920: 1722:⟨โ€”⟩. As of the 2010's, it is possible to insert the 3961: 3873:. Robarts - University of Toronto. Oxford : Clarendon Press. 3708: 3531: 3442: 3365: 2858: 2246: 1137: 732: 643: 566: 214: 2121:⟩. The quotation mark and apostrophe are higher than the 1369:
depends on the font, but it is generally the same as the letter
1123:‎); a similar punctuation mark unique to Hebrew is called 4695: 4604: 4599: 4584: 4579: 4529: 4484: 4469: 3461: 3426: 3237: 3183: 3019: 3007: 2786: 2778: 2760: 2724: 2521: 2469: 2042: 1977: 1962: 1707: 1670: 1658:
is at the top) and it has a biblical origin, unlike many other
1647: 1526:
in the Westminster Leningrad Codex and many other manuscripts:
1502: 1418: 662: 627: 438: 384: 81: 68: 4840: 4685: 4589: 4574: 4569: 4564: 4499: 4444: 4429: 4424: 4414: 3512: 3496: 3384: 3272: 3253: 3202: 3078: 3011: 2804: 2782: 2742: 2706: 2688: 2670: 2652: 2427:
In many manuscripts, it does not even resemble a transformed
2421: 2322: 1690: 1470: 1451:
between words otherwise liable to be wrongly connected, e.g.
1438:
between words which are to a high degree contradictory, e.g.
1337: 1164: 1155: 999:
Old style Hebrew quotation marks, from a 1923 translation of
713: 697: 585: 473: 454: 403: 279: 186: 167: 47: 2424:
107. It is uncertain today what it was intended to signify.
1858:‎) is the currency sign for the Israeli currency (the 4614: 4559: 4509: 4504: 4489: 4464: 4459: 4454: 4449: 2822: 2580: 2549: 2542: 2133: 31: 2420:(prior to and after Numbers 10:34-36), and seven times in 1376:
Like much Biblical Hebrew punctuation, the meaning of the
4519: 4474: 1393: 1365:'s guide to modern Hebrew punctuation. The height of the 4079: 1247:⟨:⟩, a colon is often substituted for it. 16:
Punctuation conventions of the Hebrew language over time
3829:
in the Bible has another use primarily associated with
2136:(fonts designed primarily for Hebrew letters), such as 3883: 2260:
Examples of mathematical expressions written in Hebrew
2375: 1892:
from the preceding number, or is separated only by a
4064: 3000: 2241:, which is a plus sign which looks like an inverted 1113: 1101: 1041:, which lacks the opening quotation mark ⟨ 4933: 3777:Macdowell, Mississippi Fred (October 14, 2010). 3707:As of April 2019, this symbol does not exist in 3014:, to be memorized along with vowel marks as the 1173:; โ—Š). This is also true for the dot part of the 1169:face usually looks like a tiny tilted square (a 4920:Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament 4015:"ื’ืœื’ื•ืœื• ืฉืœ ืกื™ืžืŸ โ‚ช ||| ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืืจื‘ืขื” ืคืจืงื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื" 3992:. American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. 2011 1326:can be seen on the last occurrence of the word 1045:⟩, as well as to the lack in Hebrew of โ€œ 1429:between identical or very similar words, e.g. 1138:Period, question mark, exclamation mark, comma 4154: 3926: 3655: 1457:, which prevents the somewhat bizarre phrase 1408:, drawing on Wickes, divided them into five: 894: 856: 2898: 2540: 2532: 2519: 1905: 1724: 1695: 1652: 1632: 1593: 1509: 1490: 1474: 1458: 1452: 1439: 1430: 1327: 1233: 1219: 1208: 1189: 3752:Ewbank, William Withers (October 4, 1841). 2101:the last character of the word. Owing to a 4161: 4147: 3984:"The Rise & Fall of Israeli Inflation" 3662: 3648: 901: 887: 863: 849: 4065:Kaufmann Kohler (1901โ€“1906). "Cross". In 3954: 3929:"Hag Purim โ€“ The story behind its melody" 3776: 2463: 1928:‎; although certain banks, such as 1290: 1065:⟩, as that too is absent from the 2930:With Vowel Points and Cantillation Marks 1317: 994: 3849: 1950: 1773: 1049:โ€ in certain word processing programs. 4934: 4113: 4111: 4109: 4107: 4105: 4103: 4101: 3955:Schechter, Asher (February 24, 2012). 3927:Cohen-Zentner, Naomi (March 1, 2015). 3866: 3751: 1918:, on the other hand, which symbol was 1693:, are normally printed with them. The 1205: 4609: 4142: 4009: 4007: 3845: 3843: 3841: 3801: 3799: 2117:⟩ and quotation mark ⟨ 4168: 4098: 4058: 2996: 1782: 1577: 1510: 1491: 1475: 1459: 1453: 1440: 1431: 1346: 1328: 950:Quotation mark ยง Summary table 13: 4004: 3934:The Hebrew University of Jerusalem 2077:in foreign names such as Charles ( 1511:ืึถืœึฐืขึธื–ึธึฃืจ ื”ึทื›ึนึผื”ึตึฃืŸื€ ื•ึดื™ื”ื•ึนืฉึปืึชืขึท 943: 14: 4963: 4952:Punctuation of specific languages 4041:"๏ฌฉ - U+0FB29 - decodeunicode.org" 3838: 3796: 1689:for modern Hebrew songs, such as 1217:Stemming from Biblical Hebrew, a 1161:A Hebrew period in a traditional 3900: 2359: 2352: 2328: 2321: 1919: 1243:, and looks very similar to the 4033: 3976: 3948: 3809:[Common punctuation]. 3701: 2970:No Cantillation or Vowel Points 2457:HEBREW PUNCTUATION NUN HAFUKHA 2296: 4021:(in Hebrew). February 17, 2015 3920: 3894: 3877: 3860: 3856:. Edinburgh T. & T. Clark. 3812:Academy of the Hebrew Language 3770: 3758:. London: Duncan & Malcolm 3745: 3724: 2908: 2369:Reversed nun - horizontal flip 2309: 2228: 1646:‎⟩ is the Hebrew 1363:Academy of the Hebrew Language 938: 41:orthographically similar marks 1: 3717: 2196:HEBREW PUNCTUATION GERSHAYIM 1489:) from being wrongly read as 1273:HEBREW PUNCTUATION SOF PASUQ 2976: 2957: 2936: 2358: 2351: 2346:Reversed nun - vertical flip 2327: 2320: 1665:The original purpose of the 7: 3678: 3001: 2541: 2533: 2520: 1906: 1725: 1696: 1673:placement, vowels, stress ( 1653: 1633: 1594: 1522:An example may be found in 1497: 1481: 1465: 1398:Westminster Leningrad Codex 1234: 1220: 1209: 1114: 1102: 10: 4968: 4204:Transliteration to English 2902: 2467: 2303: 2275:With alternative plus sign 2182:HEBREW PUNCTUATION GERESH 1960: 1786: 1396:(in non-Latin texts). The 947: 4883: 4818: 4763: 4728: 4671: 4628: 4528: 4405: 4359: 4343: 4336: 4259: 4221: 4176: 3732:Eats, Shoots & Leaves 3642: 3638: 3630: 3614: 3596: 3588: 3572: 3561: 3553: 3537: 3526: 3518: 3502: 3491: 3483: 3467: 3456: 3448: 3432: 3421: 3413: 3390: 3379: 3371: 3355: 3344: 3336: 3320: 3302: 3294: 3278: 3267: 3259: 3243: 3232: 3224: 3208: 3197: 3189: 3173: 3162: 3154: 3138: 3127: 3119: 3103: 3092: 3084: 3068: 3042: 3038: 3031: 2978: 2977: 2959: 2958: 2938: 2937: 2911: 2899:Hebrew cantillation marks 2882: 2866: 2848: 2830: 2812: 2794: 2768: 2750: 2732: 2714: 2696: 2678: 2660: 2642: 2624: 2606: 2588: 2570: 2508: 2502: 2494: 2488: 2482: 2479: 2448: 2312: 2289: 2258: 2187: 2173: 2094: 2084: 2078: 2047: 2027: 2021: 2012: 2007: 1996: 1990: 1981: 1976: 1944: 1933: 1925: 1900: 1883: 1876: 1855: 1841: 1835: 1827: 1820: 1814: 1806: 1801: 1798: 1756:HEBREW PUNCTUATION MAQAF 1747: 1678: 1643: 1639: 1623: 1614: 1606: 1600: 1590: 1560:HEBREW PUNCTUATION PASEQ 1551: 1530: 1413: 1388:, wrote a book about the 1381: 1370: 1350: 1309: 1303: 1264: 1228: 1190: 1128: 1120: 1108: 1094: 1087: 1060: 1028: 1015: 980: 968: 962: 959: 843: 839: 831: 815: 797: 789: 773: 762: 754: 738: 727: 719: 703: 692: 684: 668: 657: 649: 633: 622: 614: 591: 580: 572: 556: 545: 537: 521: 503: 495: 479: 468: 460: 444: 433: 425: 409: 398: 390: 374: 363: 355: 339: 328: 320: 304: 293: 285: 269: 243: 239: 232: 220: 198: 194: 192: 173: 166: 162: 160: 142: 134: 127: 123: 121: 103: 95: 87: 76: 74: 61: 53: 46: 39: 34: 4892:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar 3957:"Requiem for the Shekel" 3910:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar 3887:Gesenius' Hebrew grammar 3867:Wickes, William (1887). 3695: 2991:The cantillation marks ( 2156:to substitute for them. 1601:Standard English hyphen 1322:In the image above, the 1158:are used as in English. 3850:Kennedy, James (1903). 2949:Just Cantillation Marks 1718:⟨โ€“⟩, and 1706:⟨-⟩ over 4069:; et al. (eds.). 3989:Jewish Virtual Library 2464:Hebrew points (vowels) 2391:(also called inverted 1903:‎ (standing for 1535: 1332: 1241:Hebrew keyboard layout 1039:Hebrew keyboard layout 1003: 919:is similar to that of 3366:Telisha gedola/talsha 2903:Further information: 2517:These signs (points, 2483:Without vowel points 2468:Further information: 2304:Further information: 2239:alternative plus sign 2132:Some Hebrew-specific 1961:Further information: 1787:Further information: 1528: 1321: 998: 948:Further information: 567:Telisha gedola/talsha 36:Hebrew-specific marks 4913:Strong's Concordance 4199:Ancient inscriptions 3532:Telisha qetana/tarsa 3427:Munakh/shofar holekh 2105:'s having neither a 1774:Brackets/parentheses 733:Telisha qetana/tarsa 628:Munakh/shofar holekh 4906:Brownโ€“Driverโ€“Briggs 4072:Jewish Encyclopedia 2951:(For Demonstration) 2905:Hebrew cantillation 2476: 2083:‎) and Jake ( 1973: 1795: 1714:⟨โˆ’⟩, 1710:⟨โ€⟩, 1587: 1435:(the dancer danced) 1300: 1239:is absent from the 1111:‎ (plural of 956: 4755:Law of attenuation 4260:Reading traditions 2480:With vowel points 2474: 2016:used as gershayim 1971: 1932:, used the letter 1916:Israeli old shekel 1860:Israeli new shekel 1808:Israeli new shekel 1802:With abbreviation 1793: 1585: 1400:contains over 500 1333: 1298: 1004: 954: 25:Hebrew punctuation 4929: 4928: 4785:Verbal morphology 4724: 4723: 4237: 4045:decodeunicode.org 3676: 3675: 3672: 3671: 2989: 2988: 2896: 2895: 2515: 2514: 2461: 2460: 2383: 2382: 2294: 2293: 2226: 2225: 2038: 2037: 1985:used as a geresh 1848: 1847: 1799:With shekel sign 1771: 1770: 1642:‎) ⟨ 1628: 1627: 1575: 1574: 1316: 1315: 1291:Vertical bar and 1288: 1287: 1152:exclamation marks 1135: 1134: 993: 992: 911: 910: 877: 876: 873: 872: 224: 223: 42: 37: 4959: 4875:Unicode and HTML 4341: 4340: 4329: 4321: 4313: 4294: 4234:northern dialect 4231: 4163: 4156: 4149: 4140: 4139: 4133: 4132: 4130: 4128: 4123: 4115: 4096: 4083: 4077: 4076: 4062: 4056: 4055: 4053: 4051: 4037: 4031: 4030: 4028: 4026: 4011: 4002: 4001: 3999: 3997: 3980: 3974: 3973: 3971: 3969: 3952: 3946: 3945: 3943: 3941: 3924: 3918: 3915: 3907: 3904: 3903: 3898: 3892: 3891: 3881: 3875: 3874: 3864: 3858: 3857: 3847: 3836: 3835: 3822: 3820: 3803: 3794: 3793: 3791: 3789: 3783:On the Main Line 3774: 3768: 3767: 3765: 3763: 3749: 3743: 3734:, 2003. p. 143. 3728: 3712: 3705: 3664: 3657: 3650: 3634: 3632: 3618: 3616: 3610: 3592: 3590: 3576: 3574: 3557: 3555: 3541: 3539: 3522: 3520: 3506: 3504: 3487: 3485: 3471: 3469: 3452: 3450: 3436: 3434: 3417: 3415: 3409: 3394: 3392: 3375: 3373: 3359: 3357: 3340: 3338: 3324: 3322: 3316: 3298: 3296: 3282: 3280: 3263: 3261: 3247: 3245: 3228: 3226: 3212: 3210: 3193: 3191: 3177: 3175: 3158: 3156: 3142: 3140: 3123: 3121: 3107: 3105: 3088: 3086: 3072: 3070: 3029: 3025: 3024: 3004: 2998: 2985: 2983: 2963: 2961: 2942: 2940: 2909: 2886: 2884: 2870: 2868: 2852: 2850: 2834: 2832: 2816: 2814: 2798: 2796: 2772: 2770: 2754: 2752: 2736: 2734: 2718: 2716: 2700: 2698: 2682: 2680: 2664: 2662: 2646: 2644: 2628: 2626: 2610: 2608: 2592: 2590: 2574: 2572: 2555: 2554: 2546: 2536: 2525: 2510: 2504: 2496: 2490: 2477: 2473: 2450: 2434: 2433: 2363: 2356: 2338:Ordinary letter 2332: 2325: 2310: 2256: 2255: 2235:Western numerals 2216: 2203: 2189: 2175: 2159: 2158: 2120: 2116: 2096: 2086: 2082: 2076: 2063: 2049: 2033: 2031: 2023: 2002: 2000: 1992: 1974: 1970: 1946: 1935: 1927: 1923: 1914:The short-lived 1909: 1902: 1885: 1878: 1857: 1843: 1837: 1822: 1816: 1796: 1792: 1783:Israeli currency 1749: 1733: 1732: 1728: 1699: 1680: 1656: 1645: 1641: 1636: 1618: 1617: 1610: 1609: 1597: 1588: 1584: 1553: 1537: 1536: 1532: 1514:โ€”see context in 1513: 1512: 1500: 1494: 1493: 1484: 1478: 1477: 1468: 1462: 1461: 1456: 1455: 1443: 1442: 1441:ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ืื€ ืจึถืฉึทืืข 1434: 1433: 1415: 1406:Wilhelm Gesenius 1383: 1372: 1352: 1348: 1331: 1330: 1311: 1301: 1297: 1266: 1250: 1249: 1237: 1230: 1225: 1212: 1193: 1192: 1179:exclamation mark 1130: 1122: 1117: 1110: 1105: 1096: 1089: 1072: 1071: 1064: 1062: 1044: 1036: 1035: 1031: 1023: 1022: 1018: 988: 987: 983: 976: 975: 971: 957: 953: 903: 896: 889: 865: 858: 851: 835: 833: 819: 817: 811: 793: 791: 777: 775: 758: 756: 742: 740: 723: 721: 707: 705: 688: 686: 672: 670: 653: 651: 637: 635: 618: 616: 610: 595: 593: 576: 574: 560: 558: 541: 539: 525: 523: 517: 499: 497: 483: 481: 464: 462: 448: 446: 429: 427: 413: 411: 394: 392: 378: 376: 359: 357: 343: 341: 324: 322: 308: 306: 289: 287: 273: 271: 230: 226: 225: 211: 206: 183: 177: 175: 151: 146: 144: 138: 136: 112: 107: 105: 99: 97: 91: 89: 65: 63: 57: 55: 40: 35: 32: 21: 4967: 4966: 4962: 4961: 4960: 4958: 4957: 4956: 4942:Hebrew alphabet 4932: 4931: 4930: 4925: 4884:Reference works 4879: 4814: 4810:Vav-consecutive 4759: 4738:Biblical Hebrew 4720: 4667: 4652:Mater lectionis 4624: 4524: 4401: 4355: 4332: 4327: 4319: 4311: 4290: 4255: 4217: 4172: 4170:Hebrew language 4167: 4137: 4136: 4126: 4124: 4121: 4117: 4116: 4099: 4084: 4080: 4063: 4059: 4049: 4047: 4039: 4038: 4034: 4024: 4022: 4013: 4012: 4005: 3995: 3993: 3982: 3981: 3977: 3967: 3965: 3953: 3949: 3939: 3937: 3925: 3921: 3913: 3905: 3901: 3899: 3895: 3882: 3878: 3865: 3861: 3848: 3839: 3818: 3816: 3805: 3804: 3797: 3787: 3785: 3775: 3771: 3761: 3759: 3750: 3746: 3729: 3725: 3720: 3715: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3690:Hebrew spelling 3685:Hebrew keyboard 3681: 3668: 3643: 3629: 3613: 3604: 3587: 3571: 3552: 3536: 3517: 3501: 3482: 3466: 3462:Merkha/maโ€™arikh 3447: 3431: 3412: 3403: 3389: 3370: 3354: 3335: 3319: 3310: 3293: 3277: 3258: 3242: 3223: 3207: 3188: 3172: 3153: 3137: 3118: 3102: 3098:Etnakhta/atnakh 3083: 3067: 2971: 2952: 2950: 2931: 2923: 2907: 2901: 2892:MARK LOWER DOT 2881: 2876:MARK UPPER DOT 2865: 2847: 2829: 2811: 2793: 2767: 2749: 2731: 2713: 2695: 2677: 2659: 2641: 2623: 2605: 2587: 2569: 2472: 2466: 2418:Book of Numbers 2379: 2374:Reversed nun - 2370: 2347: 2342: 2308: 2302: 2277: 2270: 2268:General example 2251:Christian cross 2231: 2222:QUOTATION MARK 2214: 2201: 2118: 2114: 2103:Hebrew keyboard 2029: 2014:Quotation marks 1998: 1969: 1959: 1791: 1785: 1776: 1615: 1607: 1583: 1355:Hebrew keyboard 1296: 1215: 1140: 1067:Hebrew keyboard 1059: 1042: 1033: 1029: 1020: 1016: 1001:Robinson Crusoe 985: 981: 973: 969: 952: 946: 944:Quotation marks 941: 933:Biblical Hebrew 907: 882: 869: 844: 830: 814: 805: 788: 772: 753: 737: 718: 702: 683: 667: 663:Merkha/maโ€™arikh 648: 632: 613: 604: 590: 571: 555: 536: 520: 511: 494: 478: 459: 443: 424: 408: 389: 373: 354: 338: 319: 303: 299:Etnakhta/atnakh 284: 268: 209: 204: 181: 172: 149: 141: 133: 110: 102: 94: 86: 60: 52: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4965: 4955: 4954: 4949: 4944: 4927: 4926: 4924: 4923: 4916: 4909: 4902: 4895: 4887: 4885: 4881: 4880: 4878: 4877: 4872: 4867: 4862: 4859:modern Israeli 4848: 4843: 4838: 4833: 4828: 4822: 4820: 4816: 4815: 4813: 4812: 4807: 4802: 4797: 4792: 4787: 4781: 4780: 4775: 4769: 4767: 4761: 4760: 4758: 4757: 4752: 4750: 4748:Philippi's law 4745: 4740: 4734: 4732: 4726: 4725: 4722: 4721: 4719: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4703: 4698: 4693: 4688: 4683: 4677: 4675: 4669: 4668: 4666: 4665: 4663:Plene scriptum 4660: 4655: 4648: 4634: 4632: 4626: 4625: 4623: 4622: 4617: 4612: 4607: 4602: 4597: 4592: 4587: 4582: 4577: 4572: 4567: 4562: 4556: 4555: 4550: 4545: 4540: 4534: 4532: 4526: 4525: 4523: 4522: 4517: 4512: 4507: 4502: 4497: 4492: 4487: 4482: 4477: 4472: 4467: 4462: 4457: 4452: 4447: 4442: 4437: 4432: 4427: 4422: 4417: 4411: 4409: 4403: 4402: 4400: 4399: 4394: 4389: 4384: 4379: 4374: 4369: 4363: 4361: 4357: 4356: 4354: 4353: 4347: 4345: 4338: 4334: 4333: 4331: 4330: 4322: 4314: 4306: 4301: 4296: 4284: 4279: 4274: 4269: 4263: 4261: 4257: 4256: 4254: 4253: 4248: 4243: 4238: 4225: 4223: 4219: 4218: 4216: 4215: 4210: 4201: 4196: 4191: 4186: 4180: 4178: 4174: 4173: 4166: 4165: 4158: 4151: 4143: 4135: 4134: 4097: 4078: 4057: 4032: 4003: 3975: 3947: 3919: 3893: 3876: 3859: 3837: 3795: 3769: 3744: 3730:Truss, Lynne. 3722: 3721: 3719: 3716: 3714: 3713: 3699: 3697: 3694: 3693: 3692: 3687: 3680: 3677: 3674: 3673: 3670: 3669: 3667: 3666: 3659: 3652: 3644: 3640: 3639: 3636: 3635: 3627: 3622: 3619: 3611: 3598: 3597: 3594: 3593: 3585: 3580: 3577: 3569: 3563: 3562: 3559: 3558: 3550: 3548:Yerah ben yomo 3545: 3542: 3534: 3528: 3527: 3524: 3523: 3515: 3510: 3507: 3499: 3493: 3492: 3489: 3488: 3480: 3475: 3472: 3464: 3458: 3457: 3454: 3453: 3445: 3440: 3437: 3429: 3423: 3422: 3419: 3418: 3410: 3398: 3395: 3387: 3381: 3380: 3377: 3376: 3368: 3363: 3360: 3352: 3346: 3345: 3342: 3341: 3333: 3328: 3325: 3317: 3304: 3303: 3300: 3299: 3291: 3286: 3283: 3275: 3269: 3268: 3265: 3264: 3256: 3251: 3248: 3240: 3234: 3233: 3230: 3229: 3221: 3216: 3213: 3205: 3199: 3198: 3195: 3194: 3186: 3181: 3178: 3170: 3164: 3163: 3160: 3159: 3151: 3146: 3143: 3135: 3129: 3128: 3125: 3124: 3116: 3111: 3108: 3100: 3094: 3093: 3090: 3089: 3081: 3076: 3073: 3065: 3059: 3058: 3056: 3054: 3052: 3050: 3047: 3046: 3040: 3039: 3036: 3035: 2987: 2986: 2974: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2964: 2955: 2954: 2948: 2944: 2943: 2934: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2924: 2912: 2900: 2897: 2894: 2893: 2890: 2887: 2878: 2877: 2874: 2871: 2862: 2861: 2856: 2853: 2844: 2843: 2838: 2835: 2826: 2825: 2820: 2817: 2808: 2807: 2802: 2799: 2790: 2789: 2776: 2773: 2764: 2763: 2758: 2755: 2746: 2745: 2740: 2737: 2728: 2727: 2722: 2719: 2710: 2709: 2704: 2701: 2692: 2691: 2686: 2683: 2674: 2673: 2668: 2665: 2656: 2655: 2650: 2647: 2638: 2637: 2632: 2629: 2620: 2619: 2614: 2611: 2602: 2601: 2596: 2593: 2584: 2583: 2578: 2575: 2566: 2565: 2562: 2559: 2513: 2512: 2506: 2499: 2498: 2492: 2485: 2484: 2481: 2465: 2462: 2459: 2458: 2455: 2452: 2445: 2444: 2441: 2438: 2401:nun menuzzeret 2381: 2380: 2373: 2371: 2368: 2365: 2364: 2357: 2349: 2348: 2345: 2343: 2337: 2334: 2333: 2326: 2318: 2317: 2301: 2295: 2292: 2291: 2287: 2286: 2283: 2279: 2278: 2273: 2271: 2266: 2263: 2262: 2230: 2227: 2224: 2223: 2220: 2217: 2211: 2210: 2207: 2204: 2198: 2197: 2194: 2191: 2184: 2183: 2180: 2177: 2170: 2169: 2166: 2163: 2087:‎). The 2036: 2035: 2025: 2018: 2017: 2011: 2005: 2004: 1994: 1987: 1986: 1980: 1958: 1949: 1881:, rather than 1862:), in the way 1846: 1845: 1839: 1832: 1831: 1825: 1824: 1818: 1811: 1810: 1804: 1803: 1800: 1784: 1781: 1775: 1772: 1769: 1768: 1765: 1762: 1758: 1757: 1754: 1751: 1744: 1743: 1740: 1737: 1681:‎), and 1626: 1625: 1621: 1620: 1612: 1603: 1602: 1599: 1582: 1576: 1573: 1572: 1571:VERTICAL LINE 1569: 1566: 1562: 1561: 1558: 1555: 1548: 1547: 1544: 1541: 1520: 1519: 1506: 1449: 1436: 1427: 1314: 1313: 1306: 1305: 1295: 1289: 1286: 1285: 1282: 1279: 1275: 1274: 1271: 1268: 1261: 1260: 1257: 1254: 1214: 1204: 1148:question marks 1139: 1136: 1133: 1132: 1098: 1091: 1083: 1082: 1079: 1076: 991: 990: 978: 965: 964: 961: 945: 942: 940: 937: 909: 908: 906: 905: 898: 891: 883: 879: 878: 875: 874: 871: 870: 868: 867: 860: 853: 845: 841: 840: 837: 836: 828: 823: 820: 812: 799: 798: 795: 794: 786: 781: 778: 770: 764: 763: 760: 759: 751: 749:Yerah ben yomo 746: 743: 735: 729: 728: 725: 724: 716: 711: 708: 700: 694: 693: 690: 689: 681: 676: 673: 665: 659: 658: 655: 654: 646: 641: 638: 630: 624: 623: 620: 619: 611: 599: 596: 588: 582: 581: 578: 577: 569: 564: 561: 553: 547: 546: 543: 542: 534: 529: 526: 518: 505: 504: 501: 500: 492: 487: 484: 476: 470: 469: 466: 465: 457: 452: 449: 441: 435: 434: 431: 430: 422: 417: 414: 406: 400: 399: 396: 395: 387: 382: 379: 371: 365: 364: 361: 360: 352: 347: 344: 336: 330: 329: 326: 325: 317: 312: 309: 301: 295: 294: 291: 290: 282: 277: 274: 266: 260: 259: 257: 255: 253: 251: 248: 247: 241: 240: 237: 236: 222: 221: 218: 217: 212: 207: 202: 196: 195: 193: 190: 189: 184: 179: 170: 164: 163: 161: 158: 157: 155:quotation mark 152: 147: 139: 131: 125: 124: 122: 119: 118: 113: 108: 100: 92: 84: 78: 77: 75: 72: 71: 66: 58: 50: 44: 43: 38: 28: 27: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4964: 4953: 4950: 4948: 4947:Modern Hebrew 4945: 4943: 4940: 4939: 4937: 4922: 4921: 4917: 4915: 4914: 4910: 4908: 4907: 4903: 4901: 4900: 4896: 4894: 4893: 4889: 4888: 4886: 4882: 4876: 4873: 4871: 4868: 4866: 4863: 4860: 4856: 4852: 4849: 4847: 4844: 4842: 4839: 4837: 4834: 4832: 4829: 4827: 4824: 4823: 4821: 4817: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4803: 4801: 4798: 4796: 4793: 4791: 4790:Semitic roots 4788: 4786: 4783: 4782: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4770: 4768: 4766: 4762: 4756: 4753: 4751: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4743:Modern Hebrew 4741: 4739: 4736: 4735: 4733: 4731: 4727: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4689: 4687: 4684: 4682: 4679: 4678: 4676: 4674: 4670: 4664: 4661: 4659: 4658:Abbreviations 4656: 4654: 4653: 4649: 4647: 4643: 4639: 4636: 4635: 4633: 4631: 4627: 4621: 4618: 4616: 4613: 4611: 4608: 4606: 4603: 4601: 4598: 4596: 4595:Kubutz/shuruk 4593: 4591: 4588: 4586: 4583: 4581: 4578: 4576: 4573: 4571: 4568: 4566: 4563: 4561: 4558: 4557: 4554: 4551: 4549: 4546: 4544: 4541: 4539: 4536: 4535: 4533: 4531: 4527: 4521: 4518: 4516: 4513: 4511: 4508: 4506: 4503: 4501: 4498: 4496: 4493: 4491: 4488: 4486: 4483: 4481: 4478: 4476: 4473: 4471: 4468: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4453: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4433: 4431: 4428: 4426: 4423: 4421: 4418: 4416: 4413: 4412: 4410: 4408: 4404: 4398: 4395: 4393: 4390: 4388: 4385: 4383: 4380: 4378: 4375: 4373: 4370: 4368: 4365: 4364: 4362: 4358: 4352: 4349: 4348: 4346: 4342: 4339: 4335: 4326: 4323: 4318: 4315: 4310: 4307: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4293: 4288: 4285: 4283: 4280: 4278: 4275: 4273: 4270: 4268: 4265: 4264: 4262: 4258: 4252: 4249: 4247: 4244: 4242: 4239: 4235: 4230: 4227: 4226: 4224: 4220: 4214: 4211: 4209: 4205: 4202: 4200: 4197: 4195: 4192: 4190: 4187: 4185: 4182: 4181: 4179: 4175: 4171: 4164: 4159: 4157: 4152: 4150: 4145: 4144: 4141: 4120: 4114: 4112: 4110: 4108: 4106: 4104: 4102: 4094: 4093:0-8006-0771-6 4090: 4087: 4082: 4074: 4073: 4068: 4061: 4046: 4042: 4036: 4020: 4019:ืงื•ื•ื™ื ื•ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช 4016: 4010: 4008: 3991: 3990: 3985: 3979: 3964: 3963: 3958: 3951: 3936: 3935: 3930: 3923: 3917: 3911: 3897: 3889: 3888: 3880: 3872: 3871: 3863: 3855: 3854: 3846: 3844: 3842: 3834: 3832: 3828: 3814: 3813: 3808: 3807:"ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืคื™ืกื•ืง" 3802: 3800: 3784: 3780: 3773: 3757: 3756: 3748: 3741: 3740:1-59240-087-6 3737: 3733: 3727: 3723: 3710: 3704: 3700: 3691: 3688: 3686: 3683: 3682: 3665: 3660: 3658: 3653: 3651: 3646: 3645: 3641: 3637: 3628: 3626: 3623: 3620: 3612: 3608: 3603: 3600: 3599: 3595: 3586: 3584: 3581: 3578: 3570: 3568: 3565: 3564: 3560: 3551: 3549: 3546: 3543: 3535: 3533: 3530: 3529: 3525: 3516: 3514: 3511: 3508: 3500: 3498: 3495: 3494: 3490: 3481: 3479: 3478:Mercha kefula 3476: 3473: 3465: 3463: 3460: 3459: 3455: 3446: 3444: 3441: 3438: 3430: 3428: 3425: 3424: 3420: 3411: 3407: 3402: 3399: 3396: 3388: 3386: 3383: 3382: 3378: 3369: 3367: 3364: 3361: 3353: 3351: 3348: 3347: 3343: 3334: 3332: 3329: 3326: 3318: 3314: 3309: 3308:Geresh muqdam 3306: 3305: 3301: 3292: 3290: 3287: 3284: 3276: 3274: 3271: 3270: 3266: 3257: 3255: 3252: 3249: 3241: 3239: 3236: 3235: 3231: 3222: 3220: 3217: 3214: 3206: 3204: 3201: 3200: 3196: 3187: 3185: 3184:Tifcha/tarkha 3182: 3179: 3171: 3169: 3166: 3165: 3161: 3152: 3150: 3147: 3144: 3136: 3134: 3131: 3130: 3126: 3117: 3115: 3112: 3109: 3101: 3099: 3096: 3095: 3091: 3082: 3080: 3077: 3074: 3066: 3064: 3061: 3060: 3057: 3055: 3053: 3051: 3049: 3048: 3045: 3041: 3037: 3034: 3030: 3027: 3026: 3023: 3021: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3005: 3003: 2994: 2981: 2975: 2972: 2967: 2966: 2956: 2953: 2946: 2945: 2935: 2932: 2927: 2926: 2922: 2920: 2917: 2910: 2906: 2891: 2888: 2880: 2879: 2875: 2872: 2864: 2863: 2860: 2857: 2854: 2846: 2845: 2842: 2839: 2836: 2828: 2827: 2824: 2821: 2818: 2810: 2809: 2806: 2803: 2800: 2792: 2791: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2777: 2774: 2766: 2765: 2762: 2759: 2756: 2748: 2747: 2744: 2743:HOLAM (HASER) 2741: 2738: 2730: 2729: 2726: 2723: 2720: 2712: 2711: 2708: 2705: 2702: 2694: 2693: 2690: 2687: 2684: 2676: 2675: 2672: 2669: 2666: 2658: 2657: 2654: 2651: 2648: 2640: 2639: 2636: 2633: 2630: 2622: 2621: 2618: 2615: 2612: 2604: 2603: 2600: 2597: 2594: 2586: 2585: 2582: 2579: 2576: 2568: 2567: 2563: 2560: 2557: 2556: 2553: 2551: 2547: 2545: 2544: 2537: 2535: 2530:One of these 2528: 2526: 2524: 2523: 2507: 2501: 2500: 2493: 2487: 2486: 2478: 2471: 2456: 2453: 2447: 2446: 2442: 2439: 2436: 2435: 2432: 2430: 2425: 2423: 2419: 2414: 2412: 2411: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2389: 2377: 2372: 2367: 2366: 2362: 2355: 2350: 2344: 2341: 2336: 2335: 2331: 2324: 2319: 2316: 2311: 2307: 2300: 2288: 2284: 2281: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2269: 2265: 2264: 2261: 2257: 2254: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2221: 2218: 2213: 2212: 2208: 2205: 2200: 2199: 2195: 2192: 2186: 2185: 2181: 2178: 2172: 2171: 2167: 2164: 2161: 2160: 2157: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2130: 2128: 2124: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2092: 2091: 2081: 2074: 2069: 2068: 2061: 2056: 2055: 2045: 2044: 2026: 2020: 2019: 2015: 2010: 2006: 1995: 1989: 1988: 1984: 1979: 1975: 1968: 1964: 1957: 1953: 1948: 1942: 1941:Israeli pound 1937: 1931: 1922: 1917: 1912: 1910: 1908: 1907:sheqel แบ–adash 1897: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1880: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1853: 1840: 1834: 1833: 1830: 1829:Israeli pound 1826: 1819: 1813: 1812: 1809: 1805: 1797: 1790: 1780: 1767:HYPHEN-MINUS 1766: 1763: 1760: 1759: 1755: 1752: 1746: 1745: 1741: 1738: 1735: 1734: 1731: 1729: 1727: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1700: 1698: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1663: 1661: 1660:Modern Hebrew 1657: 1655: 1649: 1637: 1635: 1622: 1613: 1605: 1604: 1598: 1596: 1589: 1581: 1570: 1567: 1564: 1563: 1559: 1556: 1550: 1549: 1545: 1542: 1539: 1538: 1534: 1527: 1525: 1517: 1507: 1504: 1499: 1488: 1483: 1472: 1467: 1450: 1447: 1437: 1432:ืจึทืงื“ึธืŸื€ ืจึธืงึทื“ 1428: 1425: 1421: 1420: 1411: 1410: 1409: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1379: 1374: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1344: 1340: 1339: 1325: 1320: 1308: 1307: 1302: 1294: 1283: 1280: 1277: 1276: 1272: 1269: 1263: 1262: 1258: 1255: 1252: 1251: 1248: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1236: 1226: 1224: 1223: 1213: 1211: 1203: 1201: 1197: 1187: 1182: 1180: 1176: 1175:question mark 1172: 1168: 1167: 1166: 1159: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1126: 1118: 1116: 1106: 1104: 1099: 1092: 1085: 1084: 1080: 1077: 1074: 1073: 1070: 1068: 1058:mark ⟨ 1057: 1056: 1050: 1048: 1040: 1025: 1013: 1009: 1002: 997: 979: 967: 966: 958: 951: 936: 934: 930: 929:Modern Hebrew 926: 922: 918: 917: 904: 899: 897: 892: 890: 885: 884: 881: 880: 866: 861: 859: 854: 852: 847: 846: 842: 838: 829: 827: 824: 821: 813: 809: 804: 801: 800: 796: 787: 785: 782: 779: 771: 769: 766: 765: 761: 752: 750: 747: 744: 736: 734: 731: 730: 726: 717: 715: 712: 709: 701: 699: 696: 695: 691: 682: 680: 679:Mercha kefula 677: 674: 666: 664: 661: 660: 656: 647: 645: 642: 639: 631: 629: 626: 625: 621: 612: 608: 603: 600: 597: 589: 587: 584: 583: 579: 570: 568: 565: 562: 554: 552: 549: 548: 544: 535: 533: 530: 527: 519: 515: 510: 509:Geresh muqdam 507: 506: 502: 493: 491: 488: 485: 477: 475: 472: 471: 467: 458: 456: 453: 450: 442: 440: 437: 436: 432: 423: 421: 418: 415: 407: 405: 402: 401: 397: 388: 386: 385:Tifcha/tarkha 383: 380: 372: 370: 367: 366: 362: 353: 351: 348: 345: 337: 335: 332: 331: 327: 318: 316: 313: 310: 302: 300: 297: 296: 292: 283: 281: 278: 275: 267: 265: 262: 261: 258: 256: 254: 252: 250: 249: 246: 242: 238: 235: 231: 228: 227: 219: 216: 213: 208: 203: 201: 197: 191: 188: 185: 180: 171: 169: 165: 159: 156: 153: 148: 140: 132: 130: 126: 120: 117: 114: 109: 101: 93: 85: 83: 80: 79: 73: 70: 67: 59: 51: 49: 45: 33: 30: 29: 26: 23: 22: 19: 4918: 4911: 4904: 4897: 4890: 4706:Inverted nun 4691:Cantillation 4672: 4650: 4620:Sin/Shin dot 4392:Paleo-Hebrew 4208:from English 4125:. Retrieved 4081: 4071: 4060: 4048:. Retrieved 4044: 4035: 4023:. Retrieved 4018: 3994:. Retrieved 3987: 3978: 3966:. Retrieved 3960: 3950: 3938:. Retrieved 3932: 3922: 3909: 3896: 3886: 3879: 3869: 3862: 3852: 3831:cantillation 3826: 3824: 3817:. Retrieved 3810: 3786:. Retrieved 3782: 3772: 3760:. Retrieved 3754: 3747: 3731: 3726: 3703: 3401:Atnah hafukh 3044:cantillation 3033:cantillation 2999: 2990: 2968: 2947: 2928: 2913: 2635:HATEF QAMATS 2539: 2531: 2529: 2518: 2516: 2428: 2426: 2415: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2387: 2384: 2314: 2306:Inverted nun 2298: 2274: 2267: 2259: 2232: 2153: 2149: 2131: 2126: 2122: 2110: 2106: 2098: 2088: 2066: 2053: 2041: 2039: 1955: 1951: 1938: 1913: 1904: 1898: 1882: 1875: 1849: 1777: 1723: 1704:hyphen-minus 1694: 1683:cantillation 1674: 1666: 1664: 1651: 1631: 1629: 1592: 1579: 1529: 1521: 1516:Joshua 19:51 1417: 1401: 1389: 1377: 1375: 1366: 1359:vertical bar 1336: 1334: 1323: 1292: 1232: 1218: 1216: 1207: 1199: 1183: 1163: 1162: 1160: 1141: 1112: 1100: 1078:Alternative 1053: 1051: 1047:smart quotes 1026: 1005: 913: 912: 602:Atnah hafukh 245:cantillation 234:cantillation 200:inverted nun 178:   24: 18: 4711:Shekel sign 4673:Punctuation 4638:with Niqqud 4548:Palestinian 4337:Orthography 4317:Palestinian 4067:Cyrus Adler 3815:(in Hebrew) 3605: [ 3404: [ 3350:Karne parah 3311: [ 3168:Zakef gadol 3149:Zakef katan 3016:Sefer Torah 2617:HATEF PATAH 2599:HATEF SEGOL 2407:("reversed 2405:nun hafukha 2397:nun hafukha 2229:Mathematics 2209:APOSTROPHE 1852:shekel sign 1789:Shekel sign 1687:sheet music 1578:Hyphen and 1524:Genesis 1:5 1501:), meaning 1454:ื›ึทึผืฃื€ ืชึผื•ึนืจ 1414:ืฉึธืืœื•ึนืื€ ืžึท 939:Punctuation 927:languages, 916:punctuation 806: [ 605: [ 551:Karne parah 512: [ 369:Zakef gadol 350:Zakef katan 4936:Categories 4861:literature 4681:Diacritics 4543:Babylonian 4325:Babylonian 3718:References 3133:Shalshelet 3063:Sof passuk 2503:ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ 2146:FrankRuehl 1983:Apostrophe 1930:Bank Leumi 1894:thin space 1492:ื›ึทึผืคึฐืชึผื•ึนืจ 1349:) ⟨ 1206:Colon and 1144:full stops 1109:ืžึตืจึฐื›ึธืื•ึนืช 963:Alternate 923:and other 334:Shalshelet 264:Sof passuk 116:apostrophe 4730:Phonology 4701:Gershayim 4553:Samaritan 4328:(extinct) 4320:(extinct) 4312:(extinct) 4304:Samaritan 4277:Romaniote 4267:Ashkenazi 4177:Overviews 4127:April 11, 4050:April 11, 4025:April 24, 3996:April 24, 3968:April 24, 3940:April 23, 3819:April 23, 3625:Tsinnorit 3331:Gershayim 2914:Example ( 2489:ืขึทืœึพื™ึฐื“ึตื™ 2386:Reversed 2297:Reversed 2285:6 ๏ฌฉ = 7 2282:6 + = 7 2154:gershayim 2127:gershayim 2111:gershayim 2090:gershayim 2009:Gershayim 1967:gershayim 1956:gershayim 1947:‎. 1890:separated 1842:12,000ืœืดื™ 1821:12,000ืฉืดื— 1616:ืขึทืœโ€‘ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ 1608:ืขึทืœึพื™ึฐื“ึตื™ 1446:God, evil 1416:‎ ( 1373:‎. 1310:ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ืื€ 1304:Standard 1235:sof pasuq 1227:⟨ 1222:sof pasuq 1210:sof pasuq 1142:Periods ( 1125:gershayim 1103:merkhaสพot 1075:Standard 1055:gershayim 1024:‎. 1012:gershayim 960:Standard 826:Tsinnorit 532:Gershayim 129:gershayim 4870:Surnames 4846:Keyboard 4819:Academic 4805:Segolate 4800:Suffixes 4795:Prefixes 4773:Biblical 4716:Numerals 4630:Spelling 4538:Tiberian 4407:Alphabet 4397:Solitreo 4387:Crowning 4351:Biblical 4309:Tiberian 4299:Yemenite 4272:Sephardi 4246:Medieval 4241:Mishnaic 4229:Biblical 4213:Gematria 4189:Alphabet 4184:Language 3679:See also 2841:SHIN DOT 2561:Unicode 2534:neqqudot 2522:neqqudot 2511:‎ 2505:‎ 2497:‎ 2491:‎ 2475:Example 2451:‎ 2440:Unicode 2315:Examples 2190:‎ 2176:‎ 2165:Unicode 2142:Narkisim 2093:⟨ 2046:⟨ 2034:‎ 2024:‎ 2003:‎ 1993:‎ 1972:Example 1844:‎ 1838:‎ 1836:Iยฃ12,000 1823:‎ 1817:‎ 1794:Example 1750:‎ 1739:Unicode 1619:‎ 1611:‎ 1586:Example 1554:‎ 1543:Unicode 1386:hebraist 1329:ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื 1312:‎ 1299:Example 1267:‎ 1256:Unicode 1131:‎ 1097:‏ 1093:‏ 1090:‏ 1086:‏ 989:‎ 977:‎ 955:Example 4855:ancient 4831:Academy 4826:Revival 4765:Grammar 4642:missing 4382:Cursive 4372:Braille 4360:Scripts 4287:Mizrahi 4282:Italian 4194:History 3962:Haaretz 3788:May 11, 3762:May 11, 3709:Unicode 3633:‎ 3631:֮ 3621:  3617:‎ 3615:֭ 3591:‎ 3589:֬ 3579:  3575:‎ 3573:֫ 3556:‎ 3554:֪ 3544:  3540:‎ 3538:֩ 3521:‎ 3519:֨ 3509:  3505:‎ 3503:֧ 3486:‎ 3484:֦ 3474:  3470:‎ 3468:֥ 3451:‎ 3449:֤ 3443:Mahpach 3439:  3435:‎ 3433:֣ 3416:‎ 3414:֢ 3397:  3393:‎ 3391:֡ 3374:‎ 3372:֠ 3362:  3358:‎ 3356:֟ 3339:‎ 3337:֞ 3327:  3323:‎ 3321:֝ 3297:‎ 3295:֜ 3285:  3281:‎ 3279:֛ 3262:‎ 3260:֚ 3250:  3246:‎ 3244:֙ 3227:‎ 3225:֘ 3215:  3211:‎ 3209:֗ 3192:‎ 3190:֖ 3180:  3176:‎ 3174:֕ 3157:‎ 3155:֔ 3145:  3141:‎ 3139:֓ 3122:‎ 3120:֒ 3110:  3106:‎ 3104:֑ 3087:‎ 3075:  3071:‎ 3002:teสฟamim 2984:‎ 2962:‎ 2941:‎ 2916:Genesis 2889:U+05C5 2885:‎ 2873:U+05C4 2869:‎ 2859:SIN DOT 2855:U+05C2 2851:‎ 2837:U+05C1 2833:‎ 2819:U+05BF 2815:‎ 2801:U+05BD 2797:‎ 2775:U+05BC 2771:‎ 2757:U+05BB 2753:‎ 2739:U+05B9 2735:‎ 2721:U+05B8 2717:‎ 2703:U+05B7 2699:‎ 2685:U+05B6 2681:‎ 2667:U+05B5 2663:‎ 2649:U+05B4 2645:‎ 2631:U+05B3 2627:‎ 2613:U+05B2 2609:‎ 2595:U+05B1 2591:‎ 2577:U+05B0 2573:‎ 2454:U+05C6 2247:Unicode 2243:capital 2219:U+0022 2206:U+0027 2193:U+05f4 2179:U+05f3 1886:‎ 1884:12,000โ‚ช 1879:‎ 1877:โ‚ช12,000 1815:โ‚ช12,000 1764:U+002d 1753:U+05be 1720:em dash 1716:en dash 1591:Hebrew 1568:U+007C 1557:U+05C0 1533:‎ 1281:U+003A 1270:U+05C3 1171:diamond 1121:ืžึตืจึฐื›ึธื 1063:‎ 1032:ืฉึธืืœื•ึนื 1019:ืฉึธืืœื•ึนื 984:ืฉึธืืœื•ึนื 972:ืฉึธืืœื•ึนื 925:Western 921:English 914:Hebrew 834:‎ 832:֮ 822:  818:‎ 816:֭ 792:‎ 790:֬ 780:  776:‎ 774:֫ 757:‎ 755:֪ 745:  741:‎ 739:֩ 722:‎ 720:֨ 710:  706:‎ 704:֧ 687:‎ 685:֦ 675:  671:‎ 669:֥ 652:‎ 650:֤ 644:Mahpach 640:  636:‎ 634:֣ 617:‎ 615:֢ 598:  594:‎ 592:֡ 575:‎ 573:֠ 563:  559:‎ 557:֟ 540:‎ 538:֞ 528:  524:‎ 522:֝ 498:‎ 496:֜ 486:  482:‎ 480:֛ 463:‎ 461:֚ 451:  447:‎ 445:֙ 428:‎ 426:֘ 416:  412:‎ 410:֗ 393:‎ 391:֖ 381:  377:‎ 375:֕ 358:‎ 356:֔ 346:  342:‎ 340:֓ 323:‎ 321:֒ 311:  307:‎ 305:֑ 288:‎ 276:  272:‎ 215:bracket 176:‎ 145:‎ 137:‎ 106:‎ 98:‎ 90:‎ 64:‎ 56:‎ 4851:Hebrew 4778:Modern 4696:Geresh 4605:Mappiq 4600:Dagesh 4585:Kamatz 4530:Niqqud 4485:Samech 4377:Ashuri 4292:Syrian 4251:Modern 4091:  3914:  3906:  3738:  3289:Geresh 3238:Pashta 3020:Tanakh 3008:Tanakh 2993:Hebrew 2980:ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช 2787:SHURUQ 2779:DAGESH 2761:QUBUTS 2725:QAMATS 2558:Glyph 2538:, the 2495:ืขืœึพื™ื“ื™ 2470:Niqqud 2437:Glyph 2378:-shape 2162:Glyph 2150:geresh 2123:geresh 2107:geresh 2099:before 2080:ืฆืณืืจืœืก 2043:geresh 1991:ืฆืณืืจืœืก 1978:Geresh 1963:Geresh 1952:Geresh 1926:ืฉึถืืงึถืœ 1870:, and 1736:Glyph 1708:hyphen 1671:dagesh 1648:hyphen 1640:ืžึทืงึธึผืฃ 1540:Glyph 1503:button 1498:kaftor 1419:Shalom 1382:ืคึผึพืกึพืง 1347:ืคึธึผืกึตืง 1343:Hebrew 1284:COLON 1253:Glyph 1196:Hebrew 1186:Arabic 1177:, and 1156:commas 1154:, and 1129:ื’ืจืฉื™ื™ื 1115:merkha 1081:Names 1008:German 490:Geresh 439:Pashta 82:geresh 69:hyphen 4865:Names 4841:Ulpan 4836:Study 4686:Meteg 4610:Maqaf 4590:Holam 4580:Pataแธฅ 4575:Segol 4570:Tzere 4565:Hiriq 4500:Tsadi 4470:Lamed 4445:Zayin 4430:Dalet 4425:Gimel 4367:Rashi 4122:(PDF) 3827:Maqaf 3696:Notes 3609:] 3583:Illuy 3513:Qadma 3497:Darga 3408:] 3385:Pazer 3315:] 3273:Tevir 3254:Yetiv 3219:Zarka 3203:Rivia 3114:Segol 3079:Paseq 3012:Torah 2997:ื˜ืขืžื™ื 2919:1:1-5 2805:METEG 2785:, OR 2783:MAPIQ 2707:PATAH 2689:SEGOL 2671:TSERE 2653:HIRIQ 2581:SHEVA 2564:Name 2509:ื™ืฉืจืืœ 2443:Name 2422:Psalm 2399:, or 2168:Name 2138:David 2134:fonts 2085:ื’ืณื™ื™ืง 2075:] 2071:[ 2062:] 2058:[ 2052:soft 1742:Name 1726:maqaf 1712:minus 1697:maqaf 1691:Purim 1679:ื˜ึทืขึทื 1675:แนญaสฟam 1667:maqaf 1654:maqaf 1634:maqaf 1595:maqaf 1580:maqaf 1546:Name 1487:queue 1476:ืชึผื•ึนืจ 1471:spoon 1402:paseq 1390:paseq 1378:paseq 1367:paseq 1338:paseq 1324:paseq 1293:paseq 1259:Name 1245:colon 1165:serif 810:] 784:Illuy 714:Qadma 698:Darga 609:] 586:Pazer 516:] 474:Tevir 455:Yetiv 420:Zarka 404:Rivia 315:Segol 280:Paseq 187:comma 168:meteg 48:maqaf 4646:full 4615:Rafe 4560:Shva 4515:Shin 4510:Resh 4490:Ayin 4415:Alef 4344:Eras 4222:Eras 4129:2023 4089:ISBN 4052:2023 4027:2019 3998:2019 3970:2019 3942:2019 3821:2019 3790:2021 3764:2021 3736:ISBN 3663:edit 3656:talk 3649:view 3602:Dehi 2823:RAFE 2751:ึป 2589:ึฑ 2571:ึฐ 2550:YIVO 2543:rafe 2152:and 2144:and 2125:and 2109:nor 2064:and 2040:The 2022:ืฆื”ืดืœ 2001:ืืจืœืก 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Index

Hebrew punctuation
maqaf
hyphen
geresh
apostrophe
gershayim
quotation mark
meteg
comma
inverted nun
bracket
cantillation
cantillation
Sof passuk
Paseq
Etnakhta/atnakh
Segol
Shalshelet
Zakef katan
Zakef gadol
Tifcha/tarkha
Rivia
Zarka
Pashta
Yetiv
Tevir
Geresh
Geresh muqdam
de
Gershayim

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