Knowledge

Hebrew punctuation

Source ๐Ÿ“

1007: 1935:, is rarely referred to in Israeli texts; both due to its lifespan of only five years and the fact that due to hyperinflation it lost value daily, so that referring to a value in Israeli old shekels, even in retrospective writing, is essentially meaningless without knowing the exact time the figure was quoted. As prices changed so rapidly, advertising of the time predominately used dollars; when the shekel was referred to at all, it was with the letter S or its full Hebrew nameโ€” 2950:ื‘ึฐึผืจึตืืฉึดืึ–ื™ืช ื‘ึธึผืจึธึฃื ืึฑืœึนื”ึดึ‘ื™ื ืึตึฅืช ื”ึทืฉึธึผืืžึทึ–ื™ึดื ื•ึฐืึตึฅืช ื”ึธืึธึฝืจึถืฅืƒ ื•ึฐื”ึธืึธึ—ืจึถืฅ ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธึฅื” ืชึนึ™ื”ื•ึผึ™ ื•ึธื‘ึนึ”ื”ื•ึผ ื•ึฐื—ึนึ–ืฉึถืืšึฐ ืขึทืœึพืคึฐึผื ึตึฃื™ ืชึฐื”ึ‘ื•ึนื ื•ึฐืจึฃื•ึผื—ึท ืึฑืœึนื”ึดึ”ื™ื ืžึฐืจึทื—ึถึ–ืคึถืช ืขึทืœึพืคึฐึผื ึตึฅื™ ื”ึทืžึธึผึฝื™ึดืืƒ ื•ึทื™ึนึผึฅืืžึถืจ ืึฑืœึนื”ึดึ–ื™ื ื™ึฐื”ึดึฃื™ ืึ‘ื•ึนืจ ื•ึทึฝื™ึฐื”ึดื™ึพืึฝื•ึนืจืƒ ื•ึทื™ึทึผึงืจึฐื ืึฑืœึนื”ึดึ›ื™ื ืึถืชึพื”ึธืึ–ื•ึนืจ ื›ึดึผื™ึพื˜ึ‘ื•ึนื‘ ื•ึทื™ึทึผื‘ึฐื“ึตึผึฃืœ ืึฑืœึนื”ึดึ”ื™ื ื‘ึตึผึฅื™ืŸ ื”ึธืึ–ื•ึนืจ ื•ึผื‘ึตึฅื™ืŸ ื”ึทื—ึนึฝืฉึถืืšึฐืƒ ื•ึทื™ึดึผืงึฐืจึธึจื ืึฑืœึนื”ึดึคื™ืื€ ืœึธืื•ึนืจึ™ ื™ึ”ื•ึนื ื•ึฐืœึทื—ึนึ–ืฉึถืืšึฐ ืงึธึฃืจึธื ืœึธึ‘ื™ึฐืœึธื” ื•ึทึฝื™ึฐื”ึดื™ึพืขึถึฅืจึถื‘ ื•ึทึฝื™ึฐื”ึดื™ึพื‘ึนึ–ืงึถืจ ื™ึฅื•ึนื ืึถื—ึธึฝื“ืƒ 3913: 1932: 2971:ื‘ืจืืฉึ–ื™ืช ื‘ืจึฃื ืืœื”ึ‘ื™ื ืึฅืช ื”ืฉืžึ–ื™ื ื•ืึฅืช ื”ืึฝืจืฅืƒ ื•ื”ืึ—ืจืฅ ื”ื™ืชึฅื” ืชึ™ื”ื•ึ™ ื•ื‘ึ”ื”ื• ื•ื—ึ–ืฉืš ืขืœึพืคื ึฃื™ ืชื”ึ‘ื•ื ื•ืจึฃื•ื— ืืœื”ึ”ื™ื ืžืจื—ึ–ืคืช ืขืœึพืคื ึฅื™ ื”ืžึฝื™ืืƒ ื•ื™ึฅืืžืจ ืืœื”ึ–ื™ื ื™ื”ึฃื™ ืึ‘ื•ืจ ื•ึฝื™ื”ื™ึพืึฝื•ืจืƒ ื•ื™ึงืจื ืืœื”ึ›ื™ื ืืชึพื”ืึ–ื•ืจ ื›ื™ึพื˜ึ‘ื•ื‘ ื•ื™ื‘ื“ึฃืœ ืืœื”ึ”ื™ื ื‘ึฅื™ืŸ ื”ืึ–ื•ืจ ื•ื‘ึฅื™ืŸ ื”ื—ึฝืฉืšืƒ ื•ื™ืงืจึจื ืืœื”ึคื™ืื€ ืœืื•ืจึ™ ื™ึ”ื•ื ื•ืœื—ึ–ืฉืš ืงึฃืจื ืœึ‘ื™ืœื” ื•ึฝื™ื”ื™ึพืขึฅืจื‘ ื•ึฝื™ื”ื™ึพื‘ึ–ืงืจ ื™ึฅื•ื ืื—ึฝื“ืƒ 1712:
is well-used in Hebrew typography; most books and newspapers use it and have the hyphens higher than one would find in English. In typed documents, however, it is frequently not used because before the 2010s, it was absent from most keyboards or cumbersome to type. As a consequence, a standard
1789:
Brackets or parentheses, ⟨(⟩ and ⟨)⟩ are the same in Hebrew as in English. Since Hebrew is written from right to left, ⟨)⟩ becomes an opening bracket, and ⟨(⟩ a closing bracket, the opposite from English, which is written left to right.
4025: 2538:) indicate voweling or some other aspects of the pronunciation of a letter or word. While in Modern Hebrew they are not generally used outside poetry and children's books, a vowel point or other diacritic is occasionally added to resolve ambiguity. 2993:ื‘ืจื ืืœื”ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ืืจืฅืƒ ื•ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื™ืชื” ืชื”ื• ื•ื‘ื”ื• ื•ื—ืฉืš ืขืœึพืคื ื™ ืชื”ื•ื ื•ืจื•ื— ืืœื”ื™ื ืžืจื—ืคืช ืขืœึพืคื ื™ ื”ืžื™ืืƒ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืืœื”ื™ื ื™ื”ื™ ืื•ืจ ื•ื™ื”ื™ึพืื•ืจืƒ ื•ื™ืจื ืืœื”ื™ื ืืชึพื”ืื•ืจ ื›ื™ึพื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื™ื‘ื“ืœ ืืœื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ืจ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ืฉืšืƒ ื•ื™ืงืจื ืืœื”ื™ืื€ ืœืื•ืจ ื™ื•ื ื•ืœื—ืฉืš ืงืจื ืœื™ืœื” ื•ื™ื”ื™ึพืขืจื‘ ื•ื™ื”ื™ึพื‘ืงืจ ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ืƒ 2424:"), it does not function as any sort of letter in the text. It is not part of a word, and it is not read aloud in any way. It is simply a mark that is written, and is therefore a punctuation mark, not a letter. Also, it is surrounded by space. 1330: 4106:"In Israel the plus sign used in mathematics is represented by a horizontal stroke with a vertical hook instead of the sign otherwise used all over the world, because the latter is reminiscent of a cross." (Page 96) 1205:⟩ is mirrored right-to-left from the Latin question mark. (Some browsers may display the character in the previous sentence as a forward question mark due to font or text directionality issues.) 1661:⟨-⟩, and has virtually the same purpose for connecting two words as in English. It is different from the hyphen in its positioning (a hyphen is in the middle in terms of height, the 3033:, the cantillation marks are not used in modern spoken or written Hebrew at all. The cantillation marks provide a structure to sentences of Tanakh similar to that provided by punctuation marks. 1038:
However, this distinction in Hebrew between opening and closing quotation marks has mostly disappeared, and today, quotations are most often punctuated as they are in English (such as
2442:
at all, and when it does, it sometimes appears reversed (as mentioned above), sometimes inverted, and sometimes turned through 180ยฐ. Other times it appears to look like the letter Z.
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English hyphen ⟨-⟩ is most often used in online writings. This situation can be compared to that of users writing in Latin alphabets using the easily available
2334: 1213:
mirrored - although that was once suggested (together with mirrored semi-colons, 'capital' letters, etc.) by a 19th century British minister called William Withers Ewbank.
2260:
has this symbol at position U+FB29 "Hebrew letter alternative plus sign" (๏ฌฉ). The reason for this practice is that it avoids the writing of a symbol "+" that looks like a
1922:, lit. "new shekel"). The new shekel sign can be typed on desktop Linux and Windows 8 and higher systems using the combination AltGr-4 according to the SI 1452 standard. 1209:
is also written right-to-left, but uses a question mark that appears on the page in the same orientation as Latin ⟨?⟩. Note that Hebrew commas are
942:
having imported additional punctuation marks from these languages in order to avoid the ambiguities sometimes occasioned by the relative lack of such symbols in
2061:‎⟩, is the Hebrew equivalent of a period in abbreviations (e.g. abbrev.), in addition to being attached to Hebrew letters to indicate sounds like 1391:
is not known, although a number of hypotheses exist. The word itself means "separator", but this name was a medieval innovation by later Jews; the root
1910:
Unlike the dollar sign, the new shekel sign is not used that often when handwriting monetary amounts, and is generally replaced by the abbreviation
4930: 2148: 3672: 873: 2156: 911: 4962: 2152: 3766:
HXYSARB The Book of Genesis, in the original Hebrew without points, but with Stops and Large Initial Letters (edited as an experiment)
1885:
exist for other currencies. The shekel sign, like the dollar sign ⟨$ ⟩, is usually placed to the left of the number (so
4171: 4885: 1372:⟨|⟩ is often used instead. However, it is seldom if ever used in modern Israeli Hebrew, and is not mentioned on the 1635:
Notice how the maqaf aligns with the top horizontal strokes whereas the standard English hyphen is in the middle of the letters.
4096: 1329: 3836:ื”ืขืจื” ื‘: ื”ืžืงืฃ ื”ื‘ื ื‘ืžืงืจื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื• ืื—ืจ, ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื™ืš ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื• ืœื˜ืขืžื™ ื”ืžืงืจื: ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ืฉืชื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื ืงืจืื•ืช ื‘ื˜ืขื ืื—ื“. ( 4209: 3944: 3021:
to be used as a guide for chanting the text, either from the printed text or, in the case of the public reading of the
2140:: where the latter are placed level with the top of Hebrew letters, the apostrophe and quotation marks are above them. 3789: 4103: 3919: 3750: 3665: 1899:), but since Hebrew is written from right to left, the symbol is actually written after the number. It is either not 866: 3039: 240: 2083: 904: 1542:ื•ึทื™ึดึผืงึฐืจึธึจื ืึฑืœึนื”ึดึคื™ืื€ ืœึธืื•ึนืจึ™ ื™ึ”ื•ึนื ื•ึฐืœึทื—ึนึ–ืฉึถืืšึฐ ืงึธึฃืจึธื ืœึธึ‘ื™ึฐืœึธื” ื•ึทึฝื™ึฐื”ึดื™ึพืขึถึฅืจึถื‘ ื•ึทึฝื™ึฐื”ึดื™ึพื‘ึนึ–ืงึถืจ ื™ึฅื•ึนื ืึถื—ึธึฝื“ืƒ ืค 1006: 4841: 4836: 4204: 3822: 1373: 3994: 4164: 2070: 4846: 3658: 2427:
While it depends on the particular manuscript or printed edition, it is found in nine places: twice in the
1534: 1242:‎ ⟩ is the equivalent of a period, and is used in some writings such as prayer books. Since a 859: 2929: 2108:‎⟩, is a Hebrew symbol indicating that a sequence of characters is an acronym, and is placed 4916: 4361: 1408: 1057: 897: 4097:
Christian-Jewish Dialogue: Theological Foundations By Peter von der Osten-Sacken (1986 โ€“ Fortress Press)
2414:) is a rare character found in two Biblical Hebrew texts. Although in Judaic literature it is known as 1017:
With most printed Hebrew texts from the early 1970s and before, opening quotation marks are low (as in
2081: 2068: 3896: 2090: 4952: 4880: 4558: 4327: 4157: 2559:, is no longer used in Hebrew, even though it is routinely used in Yiddish spelling (as defined by 4923: 4902: 4865: 4753: 4553: 4335: 4302: 4218: 1403:
in which he hypothesized that it was an ancient mark serving the same purpose as the modern word
4775: 4652: 4287: 2124:, they are usually replaced online with, respectively, the visually similar apostrophe ⟨ 4957: 4563: 4214: 3999: 2244:
Mathematical expressions are written in Hebrew using the same symbols as in English, including
4630: 4130:"Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set: International Organization for Standardization" 4788: 4548: 4402: 2990: 2249: 1696:. This use continues into the present beyond reprintings of Biblical texts; for example, the 960: 17: 4748: 4668: 4397: 3881:
A treatise on the accentuation of the twenty-one so-called prose books of the Old Testament
3817: 3593: 3124: 794: 325: 1507: 1491: 1475: 1021:), and closing ones are high, often going above the letters themselves (as opposed to the 8: 4795: 4783: 4701: 4505: 3879: 3862: 3841: 3612: 3054: 3043: 2915: 1900: 1693: 1255: 813: 255: 244: 4081: 4869: 4810: 4805: 3577: 3029:
includes only the letters of the text without cantillation or vowel marks. Outside the
1926: 1870: 1818: 1415:
s; William Wickes, an influential scholar in this area, divide them into nine classes;
778: 4861: 4758: 4691: 4656: 4605: 4099: 3746: 3341: 3323: 542: 524: 3939: 1063:
In addition, the quotation mark is often used for the similar looking but different
4909: 4314: 4277: 4244: 3416: 1519:"and lastly, between heterogeneous terms, as Eleazar the High Priest, and Joshua" ( 1416: 1189: 1181: 1162: 931: 617: 4129: 4856: 4820: 4726: 4662: 4640: 4417: 4319: 4309: 4282: 4256: 4251: 4239: 4199: 4194: 4180: 3764: 3700: 3695: 3003: 2926: 2428: 2261: 2245: 2113: 2062: 1456: 1365: 1353: 1251: 1206: 1196: 1077: 1049: 1018: 1011: 943: 4673: 4392: 4382: 4297: 4292: 3558: 3299: 3017:) have a very specialized use. They are only found in printed Hebrew texts of 2253: 2024: 1423:
as a divider between two words which end and begin with the same letters, e.g.
1395:‎ does not exist in the Biblical Hebrew canon. James Kennedy, an English 759: 500: 165: 3895:
Gesenius, Wilhelm; Kautzsch, E. (Emil); Cowley, A. E. (Arthur Ernest) (1910).
1673:
punctuation symbols, which have simply been imported from European languages.
1526: 4946: 4525: 4261: 3488: 3318: 3229: 1954:
was the Israeli Currency until 1980. Its sign is Iยฃ, and its abbreviation is
1951: 1839: 1670: 1434: 1185: 1158: 939: 935: 689: 519: 430: 1364:‎⟩ originates from Biblical Hebrew. As it is not on a standard 4800: 4716: 4648: 4490: 4450: 4430: 4377: 4028:[The transformation of the shekel sign ||| A story in four parts]. 3411: 2645: 2420: 2396: 2350: 2316: 2076: 1714: 1369: 1048:‎), with both quotation marks high. This is due to the advent of the 612: 210: 3844:, it indicates that two or more words are to be pronounced in one breath.) 4875: 4721: 4445: 4387: 4077: 3360: 3178: 3159: 3026: 2627: 2609: 1874: 1862: 1799: 1697: 1025:, which is level with the top of letters). An example of this system is 926: 561: 379: 360: 2371: 2364: 2340: 2159:, do not feature the apostrophe and quotation marks as such but use the 31: 4765: 3790:"Hebrew made more European; an innovative punctuation scheme from 1841" 3143: 3073: 1993: 1940: 1904: 1878: 1741:
symbol using most common computer, and mobile phone operating systems.
1722: 1680:
was to show that two words should be considered one for the purpose of
1497: 1154: 344: 274: 126: 3864:
The note-line in the Hebrew scriptures commonly called Pฤsฤ“q, or Pesรฎq
2248:, which are written left to right. The only variant that exists is an 1947:‎ to refer to it on checks, as well as the Latin letters "I.S." 1199:, which is also written from right to left, the question mark ⟨ 4740: 4711: 3635: 2301:
Mathematical expressions in Hebrew are nearly the same as in English
2100: 2019: 1977: 1882: 1232: 1135: 1065: 1022: 836: 139: 4910:
Gesenius' Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament Scriptures
3967: 4815: 4407: 4223: 4051: 3617: 3108: 2851: 1730: 1726: 1396: 818: 309: 4149: 3901:. Gerstein - University of Toronto. Oxford : Clarendon Press. 1931: 1733:⟨โ€”⟩. As of the 2010's, it is possible to insert the 3972: 3884:. Robarts - University of Toronto. Oxford : Clarendon Press. 3719: 3542: 3453: 3376: 2869: 2257: 1148: 743: 654: 577: 225: 2132:⟩. The quotation mark and apostrophe are higher than the 1380:
depends on the font, but it is generally the same as the letter
1134:‎); a similar punctuation mark unique to Hebrew is called 4706: 4615: 4610: 4595: 4590: 4540: 4495: 4480: 3472: 3437: 3248: 3194: 3030: 3018: 2797: 2789: 2771: 2735: 2532: 2480: 2053: 1988: 1973: 1718: 1681: 1669:
is at the top) and it has a biblical origin, unlike many other
1658: 1537:
in the Westminster Leningrad Codex and many other manuscripts:
1513: 1429: 673: 638: 449: 395: 92: 79: 4851: 4696: 4600: 4585: 4580: 4575: 4510: 4455: 4440: 4435: 4425: 3523: 3507: 3395: 3283: 3264: 3213: 3089: 3022: 2815: 2793: 2753: 2717: 2699: 2681: 2663: 2438:
In many manuscripts, it does not even resemble a transformed
2432: 2333: 1701: 1481: 1462:
between words otherwise liable to be wrongly connected, e.g.
1449:
between words which are to a high degree contradictory, e.g.
1348: 1175: 1166: 1010:
Old style Hebrew quotation marks, from a 1923 translation of
724: 708: 596: 484: 465: 414: 290: 197: 178: 58: 2435:
107. It is uncertain today what it was intended to signify.
1869:‎) is the currency sign for the Israeli currency (the 4625: 4570: 4520: 4515: 4500: 4475: 4470: 4465: 4460: 2833: 2591: 2560: 2553: 2144: 42: 2431:(prior to and after Numbers 10:34-36), and seven times in 1387:
Like much Biblical Hebrew punctuation, the meaning of the
4530: 4485: 1404: 1376:'s guide to modern Hebrew punctuation. The height of the 4090: 1258:⟨:⟩, a colon is often substituted for it. 27:
Punctuation conventions of the Hebrew language over time
3840:
in the Bible has another use primarily associated with
2147:(fonts designed primarily for Hebrew letters), such as 3894: 2271:
Examples of mathematical expressions written in Hebrew
2386: 1903:
from the preceding number, or is separated only by a
4075: 3011: 2252:, which is a plus sign which looks like an inverted 1124: 1112: 1052:, which lacks the opening quotation mark ⟨ 4944: 3788:Macdowell, Mississippi Fred (October 14, 2010). 3718:As of April 2019, this symbol does not exist in 3025:, to be memorized along with vowel marks as the 1184:; โ—Š). This is also true for the dot part of the 1180:face usually looks like a tiny tilted square (a 4931:Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament 4026:"ื’ืœื’ื•ืœื• ืฉืœ ืกื™ืžืŸ โ‚ช ||| ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืืจื‘ืขื” ืคืจืงื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื" 4003:. American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. 2011 1337:can be seen on the last occurrence of the word 1056:⟩, as well as to the lack in Hebrew of โ€œ 1440:between identical or very similar words, e.g. 1149:Period, question mark, exclamation mark, comma 4165: 3937: 3666: 1468:, which prevents the somewhat bizarre phrase 1419:, drawing on Wickes, divided them into five: 905: 867: 2909: 2551: 2543: 2530: 1916: 1735: 1706: 1663: 1643: 1604: 1520: 1501: 1485: 1469: 1463: 1450: 1441: 1338: 1244: 1230: 1219: 1200: 3763:Ewbank, William Withers (October 4, 1841). 2112:the last character of the word. Owing to a 4172: 4158: 3995:"The Rise & Fall of Israeli Inflation" 3673: 3659: 912: 898: 874: 860: 4076:Kaufmann Kohler (1901โ€“1906). "Cross". In 3965: 3940:"Hag Purim โ€“ The story behind its melody" 3787: 2474: 1939:‎; although certain banks, such as 1301: 1076:⟩, as that too is absent from the 2941:With Vowel Points and Cantillation Marks 1328: 1005: 3860: 1961: 1784: 1060:โ€ in certain word processing programs. 14: 4945: 4124: 4122: 4120: 4118: 4116: 4114: 4112: 3966:Schechter, Asher (February 24, 2012). 3938:Cohen-Zentner, Naomi (March 1, 2015). 3877: 3762: 1929:, on the other hand, which symbol was 1704:, are normally printed with them. The 1216: 4620: 4153: 4020: 4018: 3856: 3854: 3852: 3812: 3810: 2128:⟩ and quotation mark ⟨ 4179: 4109: 4069: 3007: 1793: 1588: 1521: 1502: 1486: 1470: 1464: 1451: 1442: 1357: 1339: 961:Quotation mark ยง Summary table 24: 4015: 3945:The Hebrew University of Jerusalem 2088:in foreign names such as Charles ( 1522:ืึถืœึฐืขึธื–ึธึฃืจ ื”ึทื›ึนึผื”ึตึฃืŸื€ ื•ึดื™ื”ื•ึนืฉึปืึชืขึท 954: 25: 4974: 4963:Punctuation of specific languages 4052:"๏ฌฉ - U+0FB29 - decodeunicode.org" 3849: 3807: 1700:for modern Hebrew songs, such as 1228:Stemming from Biblical Hebrew, a 1172:A Hebrew period in a traditional 3911: 2370: 2363: 2339: 2332: 1930: 1254:, and looks very similar to the 4044: 3987: 3959: 3820:[Common punctuation]. 3712: 2981:No Cantillation or Vowel Points 2468:HEBREW PUNCTUATION NUN HAFUKHA 2307: 4032:(in Hebrew). February 17, 2015 3931: 3905: 3888: 3871: 3867:. Edinburgh T. & T. Clark. 3823:Academy of the Hebrew Language 3781: 3769:. London: Duncan & Malcolm 3756: 3735: 2919: 2380:Reversed nun - horizontal flip 2320: 2239: 1657:‎⟩ is the Hebrew 1374:Academy of the Hebrew Language 949: 52:orthographically similar marks 13: 1: 3728: 2207:HEBREW PUNCTUATION GERSHAYIM 1500:) from being wrongly read as 1284:HEBREW PUNCTUATION SOF PASUQ 2987: 2968: 2947: 2369: 2362: 2357:Reversed nun - vertical flip 2338: 2331: 1676:The original purpose of the 7: 3689: 3012: 2552: 2544: 2531: 1917: 1736: 1707: 1684:placement, vowels, stress ( 1664: 1644: 1605: 1533:An example may be found in 1508: 1492: 1476: 1409:Westminster Leningrad Codex 1245: 1231: 1220: 1125: 1113: 10: 4979: 4215:Transliteration to English 2913: 2478: 2314: 2286:With alternative plus sign 2193:HEBREW PUNCTUATION GERESH 1971: 1797: 1407:(in non-Latin texts). The 958: 4894: 4829: 4774: 4739: 4682: 4639: 4539: 4416: 4370: 4354: 4347: 4270: 4232: 4187: 3743:Eats, Shoots & Leaves 3653: 3649: 3641: 3625: 3607: 3599: 3583: 3572: 3564: 3548: 3537: 3529: 3513: 3502: 3494: 3478: 3467: 3459: 3443: 3432: 3424: 3401: 3390: 3382: 3366: 3355: 3347: 3331: 3313: 3305: 3289: 3278: 3270: 3254: 3243: 3235: 3219: 3208: 3200: 3184: 3173: 3165: 3149: 3138: 3130: 3114: 3103: 3095: 3079: 3053: 3049: 3042: 2989: 2988: 2970: 2969: 2949: 2948: 2922: 2910:Hebrew cantillation marks 2893: 2877: 2859: 2841: 2823: 2805: 2779: 2761: 2743: 2725: 2707: 2689: 2671: 2653: 2635: 2617: 2599: 2581: 2519: 2513: 2505: 2499: 2493: 2490: 2459: 2323: 2300: 2269: 2198: 2184: 2105: 2095: 2089: 2058: 2038: 2032: 2023: 2018: 2007: 2001: 1992: 1987: 1955: 1944: 1936: 1911: 1894: 1887: 1866: 1852: 1846: 1838: 1831: 1825: 1817: 1812: 1809: 1767:HEBREW PUNCTUATION MAQAF 1758: 1689: 1654: 1650: 1634: 1625: 1617: 1611: 1601: 1571:HEBREW PUNCTUATION PASEQ 1562: 1541: 1424: 1399:, wrote a book about the 1392: 1381: 1361: 1320: 1314: 1275: 1239: 1201: 1139: 1131: 1119: 1105: 1098: 1071: 1039: 1026: 991: 979: 973: 970: 854: 850: 842: 826: 808: 800: 784: 773: 765: 749: 738: 730: 714: 703: 695: 679: 668: 660: 644: 633: 625: 602: 591: 583: 567: 556: 548: 532: 514: 506: 490: 479: 471: 455: 444: 436: 420: 409: 401: 385: 374: 366: 350: 339: 331: 315: 304: 296: 280: 254: 250: 243: 231: 209: 205: 203: 184: 177: 173: 171: 153: 145: 138: 134: 132: 114: 106: 98: 87: 85: 72: 64: 57: 50: 45: 4903:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar 3968:"Requiem for the Shekel" 3921:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar 3898:Gesenius' Hebrew grammar 3878:Wickes, William (1887). 3706: 3002:The cantillation marks ( 2167:to substitute for them. 1612:Standard English hyphen 1333:In the image above, the 1169:are used as in English. 3861:Kennedy, James (1903). 2960:Just Cantillation Marks 1729:⟨โ€“⟩, and 1717:⟨-⟩ over 4080:; et al. (eds.). 4000:Jewish Virtual Library 2475:Hebrew points (vowels) 2402:(also called inverted 1914:‎ (standing for 1546: 1343: 1252:Hebrew keyboard layout 1050:Hebrew keyboard layout 1014: 930:is similar to that of 3377:Telisha gedola/talsha 2914:Further information: 2528:These signs (points, 2494:Without vowel points 2479:Further information: 2315:Further information: 2250:alternative plus sign 2143:Some Hebrew-specific 1972:Further information: 1798:Further information: 1539: 1332: 1009: 959:Further information: 578:Telisha gedola/talsha 47:Hebrew-specific marks 4924:Strong's Concordance 4210:Ancient inscriptions 3543:Telisha qetana/tarsa 3438:Munakh/shofar holekh 2116:'s having neither a 1785:Brackets/parentheses 744:Telisha qetana/tarsa 639:Munakh/shofar holekh 4917:Brownโ€“Driverโ€“Briggs 4083:Jewish Encyclopedia 2962:(For Demonstration) 2916:Hebrew cantillation 2487: 2094:‎) and Jake ( 1984: 1806: 1725:⟨โˆ’⟩, 1721:⟨โ€⟩, 1598: 1446:(the dancer danced) 1311: 1250:is absent from the 1122:‎ (plural of 967: 4766:Law of attenuation 4271:Reading traditions 2491:With vowel points 2485: 2027:used as gershayim 1982: 1943:, used the letter 1927:Israeli old shekel 1871:Israeli new shekel 1819:Israeli new shekel 1813:With abbreviation 1804: 1596: 1411:contains over 500 1344: 1309: 1015: 965: 36:Hebrew punctuation 4940: 4939: 4796:Verbal morphology 4735: 4734: 4248: 4056:decodeunicode.org 3687: 3686: 3683: 3682: 3000: 2999: 2907: 2906: 2526: 2525: 2472: 2471: 2394: 2393: 2305: 2304: 2237: 2236: 2049: 2048: 1996:used as a geresh 1859: 1858: 1810:With shekel sign 1782: 1781: 1653:‎) ⟨ 1639: 1638: 1586: 1585: 1327: 1326: 1302:Vertical bar and 1299: 1298: 1163:exclamation marks 1146: 1145: 1004: 1003: 922: 921: 888: 887: 884: 883: 235: 234: 53: 48: 16:(Redirected from 4970: 4886:Unicode and HTML 4352: 4351: 4340: 4332: 4324: 4305: 4245:northern dialect 4242: 4174: 4167: 4160: 4151: 4150: 4144: 4143: 4141: 4139: 4134: 4126: 4107: 4094: 4088: 4087: 4073: 4067: 4066: 4064: 4062: 4048: 4042: 4041: 4039: 4037: 4022: 4013: 4012: 4010: 4008: 3991: 3985: 3984: 3982: 3980: 3963: 3957: 3956: 3954: 3952: 3935: 3929: 3926: 3918: 3915: 3914: 3909: 3903: 3902: 3892: 3886: 3885: 3875: 3869: 3868: 3858: 3847: 3846: 3833: 3831: 3814: 3805: 3804: 3802: 3800: 3794:On the Main Line 3785: 3779: 3778: 3776: 3774: 3760: 3754: 3745:, 2003. p. 143. 3739: 3723: 3716: 3675: 3668: 3661: 3645: 3643: 3629: 3627: 3621: 3603: 3601: 3587: 3585: 3568: 3566: 3552: 3550: 3533: 3531: 3517: 3515: 3498: 3496: 3482: 3480: 3463: 3461: 3447: 3445: 3428: 3426: 3420: 3405: 3403: 3386: 3384: 3370: 3368: 3351: 3349: 3335: 3333: 3327: 3309: 3307: 3293: 3291: 3274: 3272: 3258: 3256: 3239: 3237: 3223: 3221: 3204: 3202: 3188: 3186: 3169: 3167: 3153: 3151: 3134: 3132: 3118: 3116: 3099: 3097: 3083: 3081: 3040: 3036: 3035: 3015: 3009: 2996: 2994: 2974: 2972: 2953: 2951: 2920: 2897: 2895: 2881: 2879: 2863: 2861: 2845: 2843: 2827: 2825: 2809: 2807: 2783: 2781: 2765: 2763: 2747: 2745: 2729: 2727: 2711: 2709: 2693: 2691: 2675: 2673: 2657: 2655: 2639: 2637: 2621: 2619: 2603: 2601: 2585: 2583: 2566: 2565: 2557: 2547: 2536: 2521: 2515: 2507: 2501: 2488: 2484: 2461: 2445: 2444: 2374: 2367: 2349:Ordinary letter 2343: 2336: 2321: 2267: 2266: 2246:Western numerals 2227: 2214: 2200: 2186: 2170: 2169: 2131: 2127: 2107: 2097: 2093: 2087: 2074: 2060: 2044: 2042: 2034: 2013: 2011: 2003: 1985: 1981: 1957: 1946: 1938: 1934: 1925:The short-lived 1920: 1913: 1896: 1889: 1868: 1854: 1848: 1833: 1827: 1807: 1803: 1794:Israeli currency 1760: 1744: 1743: 1739: 1710: 1691: 1667: 1656: 1652: 1647: 1629: 1628: 1621: 1620: 1608: 1599: 1595: 1564: 1548: 1547: 1543: 1525:โ€”see context in 1524: 1523: 1511: 1505: 1504: 1495: 1489: 1488: 1479: 1473: 1472: 1467: 1466: 1454: 1453: 1452:ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ืื€ ืจึถืฉึทืืข 1445: 1444: 1426: 1417:Wilhelm Gesenius 1394: 1383: 1363: 1359: 1342: 1341: 1322: 1312: 1308: 1277: 1261: 1260: 1248: 1241: 1236: 1223: 1204: 1203: 1190:exclamation mark 1141: 1133: 1128: 1121: 1116: 1107: 1100: 1083: 1082: 1075: 1073: 1055: 1047: 1046: 1042: 1034: 1033: 1029: 999: 998: 994: 987: 986: 982: 968: 964: 914: 907: 900: 876: 869: 862: 846: 844: 830: 828: 822: 804: 802: 788: 786: 769: 767: 753: 751: 734: 732: 718: 716: 699: 697: 683: 681: 664: 662: 648: 646: 629: 627: 621: 606: 604: 587: 585: 571: 569: 552: 550: 536: 534: 528: 510: 508: 494: 492: 475: 473: 459: 457: 440: 438: 424: 422: 405: 403: 389: 387: 370: 368: 354: 352: 335: 333: 319: 317: 300: 298: 284: 282: 241: 237: 236: 222: 217: 194: 188: 186: 162: 157: 155: 149: 147: 123: 118: 116: 110: 108: 102: 100: 76: 74: 68: 66: 51: 46: 43: 32: 21: 4978: 4977: 4973: 4972: 4971: 4969: 4968: 4967: 4953:Hebrew alphabet 4943: 4942: 4941: 4936: 4895:Reference works 4890: 4825: 4821:Vav-consecutive 4770: 4749:Biblical Hebrew 4731: 4678: 4663:Mater lectionis 4635: 4535: 4412: 4366: 4343: 4338: 4330: 4322: 4301: 4266: 4228: 4183: 4181:Hebrew language 4178: 4148: 4147: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4128: 4127: 4110: 4095: 4091: 4074: 4070: 4060: 4058: 4050: 4049: 4045: 4035: 4033: 4024: 4023: 4016: 4006: 4004: 3993: 3992: 3988: 3978: 3976: 3964: 3960: 3950: 3948: 3936: 3932: 3924: 3916: 3912: 3910: 3906: 3893: 3889: 3876: 3872: 3859: 3850: 3829: 3827: 3816: 3815: 3808: 3798: 3796: 3786: 3782: 3772: 3770: 3761: 3757: 3740: 3736: 3731: 3726: 3717: 3713: 3709: 3701:Hebrew spelling 3696:Hebrew keyboard 3692: 3679: 3654: 3640: 3624: 3615: 3598: 3582: 3563: 3547: 3528: 3512: 3493: 3477: 3473:Merkha/maโ€™arikh 3458: 3442: 3423: 3414: 3400: 3381: 3365: 3346: 3330: 3321: 3304: 3288: 3269: 3253: 3234: 3218: 3199: 3183: 3164: 3148: 3129: 3113: 3109:Etnakhta/atnakh 3094: 3078: 2982: 2963: 2961: 2942: 2934: 2918: 2912: 2903:MARK LOWER DOT 2892: 2887:MARK UPPER DOT 2876: 2858: 2840: 2822: 2804: 2778: 2760: 2742: 2724: 2706: 2688: 2670: 2652: 2634: 2616: 2598: 2580: 2483: 2477: 2429:Book of Numbers 2390: 2385:Reversed nun - 2381: 2358: 2353: 2319: 2313: 2288: 2281: 2279:General example 2262:Christian cross 2242: 2233:QUOTATION MARK 2225: 2212: 2129: 2125: 2114:Hebrew keyboard 2040: 2025:Quotation marks 2009: 1980: 1970: 1802: 1796: 1787: 1626: 1618: 1594: 1366:Hebrew keyboard 1307: 1226: 1151: 1078:Hebrew keyboard 1070: 1053: 1044: 1040: 1031: 1027: 1012:Robinson Crusoe 996: 992: 984: 980: 963: 957: 955:Quotation marks 952: 944:Biblical Hebrew 918: 893: 880: 855: 841: 825: 816: 799: 783: 764: 748: 729: 713: 694: 678: 674:Merkha/maโ€™arikh 659: 643: 624: 615: 601: 582: 566: 547: 531: 522: 505: 489: 470: 454: 435: 419: 400: 384: 365: 349: 330: 314: 310:Etnakhta/atnakh 295: 279: 220: 215: 192: 183: 160: 152: 144: 121: 113: 105: 97: 71: 63: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4976: 4966: 4965: 4960: 4955: 4938: 4937: 4935: 4934: 4927: 4920: 4913: 4906: 4898: 4896: 4892: 4891: 4889: 4888: 4883: 4878: 4873: 4870:modern Israeli 4859: 4854: 4849: 4844: 4839: 4833: 4831: 4827: 4826: 4824: 4823: 4818: 4813: 4808: 4803: 4798: 4792: 4791: 4786: 4780: 4778: 4772: 4771: 4769: 4768: 4763: 4761: 4759:Philippi's law 4756: 4751: 4745: 4743: 4737: 4736: 4733: 4732: 4730: 4729: 4724: 4719: 4714: 4709: 4704: 4699: 4694: 4688: 4686: 4680: 4679: 4677: 4676: 4674:Plene scriptum 4671: 4666: 4659: 4645: 4643: 4637: 4636: 4634: 4633: 4628: 4623: 4618: 4613: 4608: 4603: 4598: 4593: 4588: 4583: 4578: 4573: 4567: 4566: 4561: 4556: 4551: 4545: 4543: 4537: 4536: 4534: 4533: 4528: 4523: 4518: 4513: 4508: 4503: 4498: 4493: 4488: 4483: 4478: 4473: 4468: 4463: 4458: 4453: 4448: 4443: 4438: 4433: 4428: 4422: 4420: 4414: 4413: 4411: 4410: 4405: 4400: 4395: 4390: 4385: 4380: 4374: 4372: 4368: 4367: 4365: 4364: 4358: 4356: 4349: 4345: 4344: 4342: 4341: 4333: 4325: 4317: 4312: 4307: 4295: 4290: 4285: 4280: 4274: 4272: 4268: 4267: 4265: 4264: 4259: 4254: 4249: 4236: 4234: 4230: 4229: 4227: 4226: 4221: 4212: 4207: 4202: 4197: 4191: 4189: 4185: 4184: 4177: 4176: 4169: 4162: 4154: 4146: 4145: 4108: 4089: 4068: 4043: 4014: 3986: 3958: 3930: 3904: 3887: 3870: 3848: 3806: 3780: 3755: 3741:Truss, Lynne. 3733: 3732: 3730: 3727: 3725: 3724: 3710: 3708: 3705: 3704: 3703: 3698: 3691: 3688: 3685: 3684: 3681: 3680: 3678: 3677: 3670: 3663: 3655: 3651: 3650: 3647: 3646: 3638: 3633: 3630: 3622: 3609: 3608: 3605: 3604: 3596: 3591: 3588: 3580: 3574: 3573: 3570: 3569: 3561: 3559:Yerah ben yomo 3556: 3553: 3545: 3539: 3538: 3535: 3534: 3526: 3521: 3518: 3510: 3504: 3503: 3500: 3499: 3491: 3486: 3483: 3475: 3469: 3468: 3465: 3464: 3456: 3451: 3448: 3440: 3434: 3433: 3430: 3429: 3421: 3409: 3406: 3398: 3392: 3391: 3388: 3387: 3379: 3374: 3371: 3363: 3357: 3356: 3353: 3352: 3344: 3339: 3336: 3328: 3315: 3314: 3311: 3310: 3302: 3297: 3294: 3286: 3280: 3279: 3276: 3275: 3267: 3262: 3259: 3251: 3245: 3244: 3241: 3240: 3232: 3227: 3224: 3216: 3210: 3209: 3206: 3205: 3197: 3192: 3189: 3181: 3175: 3174: 3171: 3170: 3162: 3157: 3154: 3146: 3140: 3139: 3136: 3135: 3127: 3122: 3119: 3111: 3105: 3104: 3101: 3100: 3092: 3087: 3084: 3076: 3070: 3069: 3067: 3065: 3063: 3061: 3058: 3057: 3051: 3050: 3047: 3046: 2998: 2997: 2985: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2975: 2966: 2965: 2959: 2955: 2954: 2945: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2935: 2923: 2911: 2908: 2905: 2904: 2901: 2898: 2889: 2888: 2885: 2882: 2873: 2872: 2867: 2864: 2855: 2854: 2849: 2846: 2837: 2836: 2831: 2828: 2819: 2818: 2813: 2810: 2801: 2800: 2787: 2784: 2775: 2774: 2769: 2766: 2757: 2756: 2751: 2748: 2739: 2738: 2733: 2730: 2721: 2720: 2715: 2712: 2703: 2702: 2697: 2694: 2685: 2684: 2679: 2676: 2667: 2666: 2661: 2658: 2649: 2648: 2643: 2640: 2631: 2630: 2625: 2622: 2613: 2612: 2607: 2604: 2595: 2594: 2589: 2586: 2577: 2576: 2573: 2570: 2524: 2523: 2517: 2510: 2509: 2503: 2496: 2495: 2492: 2476: 2473: 2470: 2469: 2466: 2463: 2456: 2455: 2452: 2449: 2412:nun menuzzeret 2392: 2391: 2384: 2382: 2379: 2376: 2375: 2368: 2360: 2359: 2356: 2354: 2348: 2345: 2344: 2337: 2329: 2328: 2312: 2306: 2303: 2302: 2298: 2297: 2294: 2290: 2289: 2284: 2282: 2277: 2274: 2273: 2241: 2238: 2235: 2234: 2231: 2228: 2222: 2221: 2218: 2215: 2209: 2208: 2205: 2202: 2195: 2194: 2191: 2188: 2181: 2180: 2177: 2174: 2098:‎). The 2047: 2046: 2036: 2029: 2028: 2022: 2016: 2015: 2005: 1998: 1997: 1991: 1969: 1960: 1892:, rather than 1873:), in the way 1857: 1856: 1850: 1843: 1842: 1836: 1835: 1829: 1822: 1821: 1815: 1814: 1811: 1795: 1792: 1786: 1783: 1780: 1779: 1776: 1773: 1769: 1768: 1765: 1762: 1755: 1754: 1751: 1748: 1692:‎), and 1637: 1636: 1632: 1631: 1623: 1614: 1613: 1610: 1593: 1587: 1584: 1583: 1582:VERTICAL LINE 1580: 1577: 1573: 1572: 1569: 1566: 1559: 1558: 1555: 1552: 1531: 1530: 1517: 1460: 1447: 1438: 1325: 1324: 1317: 1316: 1306: 1300: 1297: 1296: 1293: 1290: 1286: 1285: 1282: 1279: 1272: 1271: 1268: 1265: 1225: 1215: 1159:question marks 1150: 1147: 1144: 1143: 1109: 1102: 1094: 1093: 1090: 1087: 1002: 1001: 989: 976: 975: 972: 956: 953: 951: 948: 920: 919: 917: 916: 909: 902: 894: 890: 889: 886: 885: 882: 881: 879: 878: 871: 864: 856: 852: 851: 848: 847: 839: 834: 831: 823: 810: 809: 806: 805: 797: 792: 789: 781: 775: 774: 771: 770: 762: 760:Yerah ben yomo 757: 754: 746: 740: 739: 736: 735: 727: 722: 719: 711: 705: 704: 701: 700: 692: 687: 684: 676: 670: 669: 666: 665: 657: 652: 649: 641: 635: 634: 631: 630: 622: 610: 607: 599: 593: 592: 589: 588: 580: 575: 572: 564: 558: 557: 554: 553: 545: 540: 537: 529: 516: 515: 512: 511: 503: 498: 495: 487: 481: 480: 477: 476: 468: 463: 460: 452: 446: 445: 442: 441: 433: 428: 425: 417: 411: 410: 407: 406: 398: 393: 390: 382: 376: 375: 372: 371: 363: 358: 355: 347: 341: 340: 337: 336: 328: 323: 320: 312: 306: 305: 302: 301: 293: 288: 285: 277: 271: 270: 268: 266: 264: 262: 259: 258: 252: 251: 248: 247: 233: 232: 229: 228: 223: 218: 213: 207: 206: 204: 201: 200: 195: 190: 181: 175: 174: 172: 169: 168: 166:quotation mark 163: 158: 150: 142: 136: 135: 133: 130: 129: 124: 119: 111: 103: 95: 89: 88: 86: 83: 82: 77: 69: 61: 55: 54: 49: 39: 38: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4975: 4964: 4961: 4959: 4958:Modern Hebrew 4956: 4954: 4951: 4950: 4948: 4933: 4932: 4928: 4926: 4925: 4921: 4919: 4918: 4914: 4912: 4911: 4907: 4905: 4904: 4900: 4899: 4897: 4893: 4887: 4884: 4882: 4879: 4877: 4874: 4871: 4867: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4834: 4832: 4828: 4822: 4819: 4817: 4814: 4812: 4809: 4807: 4804: 4802: 4801:Semitic roots 4799: 4797: 4794: 4793: 4790: 4787: 4785: 4782: 4781: 4779: 4777: 4773: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4754:Modern Hebrew 4752: 4750: 4747: 4746: 4744: 4742: 4738: 4728: 4725: 4723: 4720: 4718: 4715: 4713: 4710: 4708: 4705: 4703: 4700: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4689: 4687: 4685: 4681: 4675: 4672: 4670: 4669:Abbreviations 4667: 4665: 4664: 4660: 4658: 4654: 4650: 4647: 4646: 4644: 4642: 4638: 4632: 4629: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4619: 4617: 4614: 4612: 4609: 4607: 4606:Kubutz/shuruk 4604: 4602: 4599: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4589: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4579: 4577: 4574: 4572: 4569: 4568: 4565: 4562: 4560: 4557: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4547: 4546: 4544: 4542: 4538: 4532: 4529: 4527: 4524: 4522: 4519: 4517: 4514: 4512: 4509: 4507: 4504: 4502: 4499: 4497: 4494: 4492: 4489: 4487: 4484: 4482: 4479: 4477: 4474: 4472: 4469: 4467: 4464: 4462: 4459: 4457: 4454: 4452: 4449: 4447: 4444: 4442: 4439: 4437: 4434: 4432: 4429: 4427: 4424: 4423: 4421: 4419: 4415: 4409: 4406: 4404: 4401: 4399: 4396: 4394: 4391: 4389: 4386: 4384: 4381: 4379: 4376: 4375: 4373: 4369: 4363: 4360: 4359: 4357: 4353: 4350: 4346: 4337: 4334: 4329: 4326: 4321: 4318: 4316: 4313: 4311: 4308: 4304: 4299: 4296: 4294: 4291: 4289: 4286: 4284: 4281: 4279: 4276: 4275: 4273: 4269: 4263: 4260: 4258: 4255: 4253: 4250: 4246: 4241: 4238: 4237: 4235: 4231: 4225: 4222: 4220: 4216: 4213: 4211: 4208: 4206: 4203: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4192: 4190: 4186: 4182: 4175: 4170: 4168: 4163: 4161: 4156: 4155: 4152: 4131: 4125: 4123: 4121: 4119: 4117: 4115: 4113: 4105: 4104:0-8006-0771-6 4101: 4098: 4093: 4085: 4084: 4079: 4072: 4057: 4053: 4047: 4031: 4030:ืงื•ื•ื™ื ื•ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช 4027: 4021: 4019: 4002: 4001: 3996: 3990: 3975: 3974: 3969: 3962: 3947: 3946: 3941: 3934: 3928: 3922: 3908: 3900: 3899: 3891: 3883: 3882: 3874: 3866: 3865: 3857: 3855: 3853: 3845: 3843: 3839: 3825: 3824: 3819: 3818:"ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืคื™ืกื•ืง" 3813: 3811: 3795: 3791: 3784: 3768: 3767: 3759: 3752: 3751:1-59240-087-6 3748: 3744: 3738: 3734: 3721: 3715: 3711: 3702: 3699: 3697: 3694: 3693: 3676: 3671: 3669: 3664: 3662: 3657: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3639: 3637: 3634: 3631: 3623: 3619: 3614: 3611: 3610: 3606: 3597: 3595: 3592: 3589: 3581: 3579: 3576: 3575: 3571: 3562: 3560: 3557: 3554: 3546: 3544: 3541: 3540: 3536: 3527: 3525: 3522: 3519: 3511: 3509: 3506: 3505: 3501: 3492: 3490: 3489:Mercha kefula 3487: 3484: 3476: 3474: 3471: 3470: 3466: 3457: 3455: 3452: 3449: 3441: 3439: 3436: 3435: 3431: 3422: 3418: 3413: 3410: 3407: 3399: 3397: 3394: 3393: 3389: 3380: 3378: 3375: 3372: 3364: 3362: 3359: 3358: 3354: 3345: 3343: 3340: 3337: 3329: 3325: 3320: 3319:Geresh muqdam 3317: 3316: 3312: 3303: 3301: 3298: 3295: 3287: 3285: 3282: 3281: 3277: 3268: 3266: 3263: 3260: 3252: 3250: 3247: 3246: 3242: 3233: 3231: 3228: 3225: 3217: 3215: 3212: 3211: 3207: 3198: 3196: 3195:Tifcha/tarkha 3193: 3190: 3182: 3180: 3177: 3176: 3172: 3163: 3161: 3158: 3155: 3147: 3145: 3142: 3141: 3137: 3128: 3126: 3123: 3120: 3112: 3110: 3107: 3106: 3102: 3093: 3091: 3088: 3085: 3077: 3075: 3072: 3071: 3068: 3066: 3064: 3062: 3060: 3059: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3045: 3041: 3038: 3037: 3034: 3032: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3014: 3005: 2992: 2986: 2983: 2978: 2977: 2967: 2964: 2957: 2956: 2946: 2943: 2938: 2937: 2933: 2931: 2928: 2921: 2917: 2902: 2899: 2891: 2890: 2886: 2883: 2875: 2874: 2871: 2868: 2865: 2857: 2856: 2853: 2850: 2847: 2839: 2838: 2835: 2832: 2829: 2821: 2820: 2817: 2814: 2811: 2803: 2802: 2799: 2795: 2791: 2788: 2785: 2777: 2776: 2773: 2770: 2767: 2759: 2758: 2755: 2754:HOLAM (HASER) 2752: 2749: 2741: 2740: 2737: 2734: 2731: 2723: 2722: 2719: 2716: 2713: 2705: 2704: 2701: 2698: 2695: 2687: 2686: 2683: 2680: 2677: 2669: 2668: 2665: 2662: 2659: 2651: 2650: 2647: 2644: 2641: 2633: 2632: 2629: 2626: 2623: 2615: 2614: 2611: 2608: 2605: 2597: 2596: 2593: 2590: 2587: 2579: 2578: 2574: 2571: 2568: 2567: 2564: 2562: 2558: 2556: 2555: 2548: 2546: 2541:One of these 2539: 2537: 2535: 2534: 2518: 2512: 2511: 2504: 2498: 2497: 2489: 2482: 2467: 2464: 2458: 2457: 2453: 2450: 2447: 2446: 2443: 2441: 2436: 2434: 2430: 2425: 2423: 2422: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2400: 2388: 2383: 2378: 2377: 2373: 2366: 2361: 2355: 2352: 2347: 2346: 2342: 2335: 2330: 2327: 2322: 2318: 2311: 2299: 2295: 2292: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2280: 2276: 2275: 2272: 2268: 2265: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2232: 2229: 2224: 2223: 2219: 2216: 2211: 2210: 2206: 2203: 2197: 2196: 2192: 2189: 2183: 2182: 2178: 2175: 2172: 2171: 2168: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2141: 2139: 2135: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2103: 2102: 2092: 2085: 2080: 2079: 2072: 2067: 2066: 2056: 2055: 2037: 2031: 2030: 2026: 2021: 2017: 2006: 2000: 1999: 1995: 1990: 1986: 1979: 1975: 1968: 1964: 1959: 1953: 1952:Israeli pound 1948: 1942: 1933: 1928: 1923: 1921: 1919: 1918:sheqel แบ–adash 1908: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1891: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1864: 1851: 1845: 1844: 1841: 1840:Israeli pound 1837: 1830: 1824: 1823: 1820: 1816: 1808: 1801: 1791: 1778:HYPHEN-MINUS 1777: 1774: 1771: 1770: 1766: 1763: 1757: 1756: 1752: 1749: 1746: 1745: 1742: 1740: 1738: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1711: 1709: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1674: 1672: 1671:Modern Hebrew 1668: 1666: 1660: 1648: 1646: 1633: 1624: 1616: 1615: 1609: 1607: 1600: 1592: 1581: 1578: 1575: 1574: 1570: 1567: 1561: 1560: 1556: 1553: 1550: 1549: 1545: 1538: 1536: 1528: 1518: 1515: 1510: 1499: 1494: 1483: 1478: 1461: 1458: 1448: 1443:ืจึทืงื“ึธืŸื€ ืจึธืงึทื“ 1439: 1436: 1432: 1431: 1422: 1421: 1420: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1390: 1385: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1355: 1351: 1350: 1336: 1331: 1319: 1318: 1313: 1305: 1294: 1291: 1288: 1287: 1283: 1280: 1274: 1273: 1269: 1266: 1263: 1262: 1259: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1247: 1237: 1235: 1234: 1224: 1222: 1214: 1212: 1208: 1198: 1193: 1191: 1187: 1186:question mark 1183: 1179: 1178: 1177: 1170: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1137: 1129: 1127: 1117: 1115: 1110: 1103: 1096: 1095: 1091: 1088: 1085: 1084: 1081: 1079: 1069:mark ⟨ 1068: 1067: 1061: 1059: 1051: 1036: 1024: 1020: 1013: 1008: 990: 978: 977: 969: 962: 947: 945: 941: 940:Modern Hebrew 937: 933: 929: 928: 915: 910: 908: 903: 901: 896: 895: 892: 891: 877: 872: 870: 865: 863: 858: 857: 853: 849: 840: 838: 835: 832: 824: 820: 815: 812: 811: 807: 798: 796: 793: 790: 782: 780: 777: 776: 772: 763: 761: 758: 755: 747: 745: 742: 741: 737: 728: 726: 723: 720: 712: 710: 707: 706: 702: 693: 691: 690:Mercha kefula 688: 685: 677: 675: 672: 671: 667: 658: 656: 653: 650: 642: 640: 637: 636: 632: 623: 619: 614: 611: 608: 600: 598: 595: 594: 590: 581: 579: 576: 573: 565: 563: 560: 559: 555: 546: 544: 541: 538: 530: 526: 521: 520:Geresh muqdam 518: 517: 513: 504: 502: 499: 496: 488: 486: 483: 482: 478: 469: 467: 464: 461: 453: 451: 448: 447: 443: 434: 432: 429: 426: 418: 416: 413: 412: 408: 399: 397: 396:Tifcha/tarkha 394: 391: 383: 381: 378: 377: 373: 364: 362: 359: 356: 348: 346: 343: 342: 338: 329: 327: 324: 321: 313: 311: 308: 307: 303: 294: 292: 289: 286: 278: 276: 273: 272: 269: 267: 265: 263: 261: 260: 257: 253: 249: 246: 242: 239: 238: 230: 227: 224: 219: 214: 212: 208: 202: 199: 196: 191: 182: 180: 176: 170: 167: 164: 159: 151: 143: 141: 137: 131: 128: 125: 120: 112: 104: 96: 94: 91: 90: 84: 81: 78: 70: 62: 60: 56: 44: 41: 40: 37: 34: 33: 30: 19: 4929: 4922: 4915: 4908: 4901: 4717:Inverted nun 4702:Cantillation 4683: 4661: 4631:Sin/Shin dot 4403:Paleo-Hebrew 4219:from English 4136:. Retrieved 4092: 4082: 4071: 4059:. Retrieved 4055: 4046: 4034:. Retrieved 4029: 4005:. Retrieved 3998: 3989: 3977:. Retrieved 3971: 3961: 3949:. Retrieved 3943: 3933: 3920: 3907: 3897: 3890: 3880: 3873: 3863: 3842:cantillation 3837: 3835: 3828:. Retrieved 3821: 3797:. Retrieved 3793: 3783: 3771:. Retrieved 3765: 3758: 3742: 3737: 3714: 3412:Atnah hafukh 3055:cantillation 3044:cantillation 3010: 3001: 2979: 2958: 2939: 2924: 2646:HATEF QAMATS 2550: 2542: 2540: 2529: 2527: 2439: 2437: 2426: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2398: 2395: 2325: 2317:Inverted nun 2309: 2285: 2278: 2270: 2243: 2164: 2160: 2142: 2137: 2133: 2121: 2117: 2109: 2099: 2077: 2064: 2052: 2050: 1966: 1962: 1949: 1924: 1915: 1909: 1893: 1886: 1860: 1788: 1734: 1715:hyphen-minus 1705: 1694:cantillation 1685: 1677: 1675: 1662: 1642: 1640: 1603: 1590: 1540: 1532: 1527:Joshua 19:51 1428: 1412: 1400: 1388: 1386: 1377: 1370:vertical bar 1347: 1345: 1334: 1303: 1243: 1229: 1227: 1218: 1210: 1194: 1174: 1173: 1171: 1152: 1123: 1111: 1089:Alternative 1064: 1062: 1058:smart quotes 1037: 1016: 924: 923: 613:Atnah hafukh 256:cantillation 245:cantillation 211:inverted nun 189:   35: 29: 4722:Shekel sign 4684:Punctuation 4649:with Niqqud 4559:Palestinian 4348:Orthography 4328:Palestinian 4078:Cyrus Adler 3826:(in Hebrew) 3616: [ 3415: [ 3361:Karne parah 3322: [ 3179:Zakef gadol 3160:Zakef katan 3027:Sefer Torah 2628:HATEF PATAH 2610:HATEF SEGOL 2418:("reversed 2416:nun hafukha 2408:nun hafukha 2240:Mathematics 2220:APOSTROPHE 1863:shekel sign 1800:Shekel sign 1698:sheet music 1589:Hyphen and 1535:Genesis 1:5 1512:), meaning 1465:ื›ึทึผืฃื€ ืชึผื•ึนืจ 1425:ืฉึธืืœื•ึนืื€ ืžึท 950:Punctuation 938:languages, 927:punctuation 817: [ 616: [ 562:Karne parah 523: [ 380:Zakef gadol 361:Zakef katan 4947:Categories 4872:literature 4692:Diacritics 4554:Babylonian 4336:Babylonian 3729:References 3144:Shalshelet 3074:Sof passuk 2514:ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ 2157:FrankRuehl 1994:Apostrophe 1941:Bank Leumi 1905:thin space 1503:ื›ึทึผืคึฐืชึผื•ึนืจ 1360:) ⟨ 1217:Colon and 1155:full stops 1120:ืžึตืจึฐื›ึธืื•ึนืช 974:Alternate 934:and other 345:Shalshelet 275:Sof passuk 127:apostrophe 4741:Phonology 4712:Gershayim 4564:Samaritan 4339:(extinct) 4331:(extinct) 4323:(extinct) 4315:Samaritan 4288:Romaniote 4278:Ashkenazi 4188:Overviews 4138:April 11, 4061:April 11, 4036:April 24, 4007:April 24, 3979:April 24, 3951:April 23, 3830:April 23, 3636:Tsinnorit 3342:Gershayim 2925:Example ( 2500:ืขึทืœึพื™ึฐื“ึตื™ 2397:Reversed 2308:Reversed 2296:6 ๏ฌฉ = 7 2293:6 + = 7 2165:gershayim 2138:gershayim 2122:gershayim 2101:gershayim 2020:Gershayim 1978:gershayim 1967:gershayim 1958:‎. 1901:separated 1853:12,000ืœืดื™ 1832:12,000ืฉืดื— 1627:ืขึทืœโ€‘ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ 1619:ืขึทืœึพื™ึฐื“ึตื™ 1457:God, evil 1427:‎ ( 1384:‎. 1321:ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ืื€ 1315:Standard 1246:sof pasuq 1238:⟨ 1233:sof pasuq 1221:sof pasuq 1153:Periods ( 1136:gershayim 1114:merkhaสพot 1086:Standard 1066:gershayim 1035:‎. 1023:gershayim 971:Standard 837:Tsinnorit 543:Gershayim 140:gershayim 4881:Surnames 4857:Keyboard 4830:Academic 4816:Segolate 4811:Suffixes 4806:Prefixes 4784:Biblical 4727:Numerals 4641:Spelling 4549:Tiberian 4418:Alphabet 4408:Solitreo 4398:Crowning 4362:Biblical 4320:Tiberian 4310:Yemenite 4283:Sephardi 4257:Medieval 4252:Mishnaic 4240:Biblical 4224:Gematria 4200:Alphabet 4195:Language 3690:See also 2852:SHIN DOT 2572:Unicode 2545:neqqudot 2533:neqqudot 2522:‎ 2516:‎ 2508:‎ 2502:‎ 2486:Example 2462:‎ 2451:Unicode 2326:Examples 2201:‎ 2187:‎ 2176:Unicode 2153:Narkisim 2104:⟨ 2057:⟨ 2045:‎ 2035:‎ 2014:‎ 2004:‎ 1983:Example 1855:‎ 1849:‎ 1847:Iยฃ12,000 1834:‎ 1828:‎ 1805:Example 1761:‎ 1750:Unicode 1630:‎ 1622:‎ 1597:Example 1565:‎ 1554:Unicode 1397:hebraist 1340:ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื 1323:‎ 1310:Example 1278:‎ 1267:Unicode 1142:‎ 1108:‏ 1104:‏ 1101:‏ 1097:‏ 1000:‎ 988:‎ 966:Example 4866:ancient 4842:Academy 4837:Revival 4776:Grammar 4653:missing 4393:Cursive 4383:Braille 4371:Scripts 4298:Mizrahi 4293:Italian 4205:History 3973:Haaretz 3799:May 11, 3773:May 11, 3720:Unicode 3644:‎ 3642:֮ 3632:  3628:‎ 3626:֭ 3602:‎ 3600:֬ 3590:  3586:‎ 3584:֫ 3567:‎ 3565:֪ 3555:  3551:‎ 3549:֩ 3532:‎ 3530:֨ 3520:  3516:‎ 3514:֧ 3497:‎ 3495:֦ 3485:  3481:‎ 3479:֥ 3462:‎ 3460:֤ 3454:Mahpach 3450:  3446:‎ 3444:֣ 3427:‎ 3425:֢ 3408:  3404:‎ 3402:֡ 3385:‎ 3383:֠ 3373:  3369:‎ 3367:֟ 3350:‎ 3348:֞ 3338:  3334:‎ 3332:֝ 3308:‎ 3306:֜ 3296:  3292:‎ 3290:֛ 3273:‎ 3271:֚ 3261:  3257:‎ 3255:֙ 3238:‎ 3236:֘ 3226:  3222:‎ 3220:֗ 3203:‎ 3201:֖ 3191:  3187:‎ 3185:֕ 3168:‎ 3166:֔ 3156:  3152:‎ 3150:֓ 3133:‎ 3131:֒ 3121:  3117:‎ 3115:֑ 3098:‎ 3086:  3082:‎ 3013:teสฟamim 2995:‎ 2973:‎ 2952:‎ 2927:Genesis 2900:U+05C5 2896:‎ 2884:U+05C4 2880:‎ 2870:SIN DOT 2866:U+05C2 2862:‎ 2848:U+05C1 2844:‎ 2830:U+05BF 2826:‎ 2812:U+05BD 2808:‎ 2786:U+05BC 2782:‎ 2768:U+05BB 2764:‎ 2750:U+05B9 2746:‎ 2732:U+05B8 2728:‎ 2714:U+05B7 2710:‎ 2696:U+05B6 2692:‎ 2678:U+05B5 2674:‎ 2660:U+05B4 2656:‎ 2642:U+05B3 2638:‎ 2624:U+05B2 2620:‎ 2606:U+05B1 2602:‎ 2588:U+05B0 2584:‎ 2465:U+05C6 2258:Unicode 2254:capital 2230:U+0022 2217:U+0027 2204:U+05f4 2190:U+05f3 1897:‎ 1895:12,000โ‚ช 1890:‎ 1888:โ‚ช12,000 1826:โ‚ช12,000 1775:U+002d 1764:U+05be 1731:em dash 1727:en dash 1602:Hebrew 1579:U+007C 1568:U+05C0 1544:‎ 1292:U+003A 1281:U+05C3 1182:diamond 1132:ืžึตืจึฐื›ึธื 1074:‎ 1043:ืฉึธืืœื•ึนื 1030:ืฉึธืืœื•ึนื 995:ืฉึธืืœื•ึนื 983:ืฉึธืืœื•ึนื 936:Western 932:English 925:Hebrew 845:‎ 843:֮ 833:  829:‎ 827:֭ 803:‎ 801:֬ 791:  787:‎ 785:֫ 768:‎ 766:֪ 756:  752:‎ 750:֩ 733:‎ 731:֨ 721:  717:‎ 715:֧ 698:‎ 696:֦ 686:  682:‎ 680:֥ 663:‎ 661:֤ 655:Mahpach 651:  647:‎ 645:֣ 628:‎ 626:֢ 609:  605:‎ 603:֡ 586:‎ 584:֠ 574:  570:‎ 568:֟ 551:‎ 549:֞ 539:  535:‎ 533:֝ 509:‎ 507:֜ 497:  493:‎ 491:֛ 474:‎ 472:֚ 462:  458:‎ 456:֙ 439:‎ 437:֘ 427:  423:‎ 421:֗ 404:‎ 402:֖ 392:  388:‎ 386:֕ 369:‎ 367:֔ 357:  353:‎ 351:֓ 334:‎ 332:֒ 322:  318:‎ 316:֑ 299:‎ 287:  283:‎ 226:bracket 187:‎ 156:‎ 148:‎ 117:‎ 109:‎ 101:‎ 75:‎ 67:‎ 4862:Hebrew 4789:Modern 4707:Geresh 4616:Mappiq 4611:Dagesh 4596:Kamatz 4541:Niqqud 4496:Samech 4388:Ashuri 4303:Syrian 4262:Modern 4102:  3925:  3917:  3749:  3300:Geresh 3249:Pashta 3031:Tanakh 3019:Tanakh 3004:Hebrew 2991:ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช 2798:SHURUQ 2790:DAGESH 2772:QUBUTS 2736:QAMATS 2569:Glyph 2549:, the 2506:ืขืœึพื™ื“ื™ 2481:Niqqud 2448:Glyph 2389:-shape 2173:Glyph 2161:geresh 2134:geresh 2118:geresh 2110:before 2091:ืฆืณืืจืœืก 2054:geresh 2002:ืฆืณืืจืœืก 1989:Geresh 1974:Geresh 1963:Geresh 1937:ืฉึถืืงึถืœ 1881:, and 1747:Glyph 1719:hyphen 1682:dagesh 1659:hyphen 1651:ืžึทืงึธึผืฃ 1551:Glyph 1514:button 1509:kaftor 1430:Shalom 1393:ืคึผึพืกึพืง 1358:ืคึธึผืกึตืง 1354:Hebrew 1295:COLON 1264:Glyph 1207:Hebrew 1197:Arabic 1188:, and 1167:commas 1165:, and 1140:ื’ืจืฉื™ื™ื 1126:merkha 1092:Names 1019:German 501:Geresh 450:Pashta 93:geresh 80:hyphen 4876:Names 4852:Ulpan 4847:Study 4697:Meteg 4621:Maqaf 4601:Holam 4591:Pataแธฅ 4586:Segol 4581:Tzere 4576:Hiriq 4511:Tsadi 4481:Lamed 4456:Zayin 4441:Dalet 4436:Gimel 4378:Rashi 4133:(PDF) 3838:Maqaf 3707:Notes 3620:] 3594:Illuy 3524:Qadma 3508:Darga 3419:] 3396:Pazer 3326:] 3284:Tevir 3265:Yetiv 3230:Zarka 3214:Rivia 3125:Segol 3090:Paseq 3023:Torah 3008:ื˜ืขืžื™ื 2930:1:1-5 2816:METEG 2796:, OR 2794:MAPIQ 2718:PATAH 2700:SEGOL 2682:TSERE 2664:HIRIQ 2592:SHEVA 2575:Name 2520:ื™ืฉืจืืœ 2454:Name 2433:Psalm 2410:, or 2179:Name 2149:David 2145:fonts 2096:ื’ืณื™ื™ืง 2086:] 2082:[ 2073:] 2069:[ 2063:soft 1753:Name 1737:maqaf 1723:minus 1708:maqaf 1702:Purim 1690:ื˜ึทืขึทื 1686:แนญaสฟam 1678:maqaf 1665:maqaf 1645:maqaf 1606:maqaf 1591:maqaf 1557:Name 1498:queue 1487:ืชึผื•ึนืจ 1482:spoon 1413:paseq 1401:paseq 1389:paseq 1378:paseq 1349:paseq 1335:paseq 1304:paseq 1270:Name 1256:colon 1176:serif 821:] 795:Illuy 725:Qadma 709:Darga 620:] 597:Pazer 527:] 485:Tevir 466:Yetiv 431:Zarka 415:Rivia 326:Segol 291:Paseq 198:comma 179:meteg 59:maqaf 18:Maqaf 4657:full 4626:Rafe 4571:Shva 4526:Shin 4521:Resh 4501:Ayin 4426:Alef 4355:Eras 4233:Eras 4140:2023 4100:ISBN 4063:2023 4038:2019 4009:2019 3981:2019 3953:2019 3832:2019 3801:2021 3775:2021 3747:ISBN 3674:edit 3667:talk 3660:view 3613:Dehi 2834:RAFE 2762:ึป 2600:ึฑ 2582:ึฐ 2561:YIVO 2554:rafe 2163:and 2155:and 2136:and 2120:nor 2075:and 2051:The 2033:ืฆื”ืดืœ 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Index

Maqaf
Hebrew punctuation
maqaf
hyphen
geresh
apostrophe
gershayim
quotation mark
meteg
comma
inverted nun
bracket
cantillation
cantillation
Sof passuk
Paseq
Etnakhta/atnakh
Segol
Shalshelet
Zakef katan
Zakef gadol
Tifcha/tarkha
Rivia
Zarka
Pashta
Yetiv
Tevir
Geresh
Geresh muqdam
de

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