2027:
odds with most other mainstream religions in their resolute affirmation of human equality. The faith established roots early among
African Americans in Washington, D.C. and spread to both blacks and whites in other cities as well. In 1921, the religion's head, 'Abdu'l-Baha, asked the various congregations - all of them integrated - to begin holding "Race Amity" meetings, where members could openly discuss race and racism. That this occurred in the context of President Woodrow Wilson resegregating the capital city and the resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan outside of the former Confederate south is astonishing. Kolins documents the Clevenger family's active membership in the group, and young Helen's likely attendance at its youth events. By so doing, he highlights the fact that state-sanctioned revenge against Moore contravened the principles by which Helen Clevenger had lived her life.
1732:
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Chemistry, in the
Department of Agriculture, often publishing with Clare Olin Ewing until she left the department in 1919. Joseph registered for WWI draft September 12, 1918, in DC. The Clevengers were living on 5th St NW and he was employed in the Bureau of Chemistry in the Department of Agriculture. In 1920 the Clevenger family was still there along with three other roomers in 1920. Joseph continued working with the Pharmacognosy Laboratory in DC through 1925. In 1927 Joseph finished a map of the travels of the
2024:
across the country and even in
England sensationalized Helen Clevenger's death in Asheville in 1936, the search for her killer, and the rapid identification, trial, and execution of the African American accused, Martin Moore—only 22 years old himself. While Kolins notes that this can be framed as yet another example of the Jim Crow "justice" that characterized the South in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the irony of the case lay in Clevenger membership in the Bahai'i(sic) Faith.
219:, observed that "…the irony of the case lay in Clevenger membership in the Bahai’i(sic) Faith.… American Bahais (sic) were strikingly at odds with most other mainstream religions in their resolute affirmation of human equality. The of the former Confederate south is astonishing. Moore contravened the principles by which Helen Clevenger had lived her life."
2026:
In 1936, few
Americans knew much about the Bahai'i(sic) Faith and the few newspapers that commented on this aspect of Clevenger's life often reported inaccurately. Kolins provides a history of the religion in the US, touching briefly on its origins in Persia. American Bahais (sic) were strikingly at
264:
podcast carried the case in 2019, as did history focused review with a point of view on the case, with a third in 2020. In 2021 Anne Chesky Smith published a scholarly history of the case: what is objectively known of the murder, the trial, a likely suspect, and what happened to Martin Moore and his
211:
The sheriff informed newspaper reporters on Sunday August 9 and some had paid for access to the story. The photographer for the newspaper coverage of the confession and re-enactment was the only job he ever did as a photographer. A multi-page review of the case was published in 1942. Her mother died
2023:
In the third article, we return to early 20th-century North
Carolina. The article "The Life, Faith and Death of Helen Clevenger, 1917-1936" by Steven Kolins, focuses on the murder of a young woman four months shy of her nineteenth birthday on her first (and last) visit to North Carolina. Newspapers
111:
to prepare slides. Infants of the
Clevengers had died in 1910 and 1915 while they were living in Chicago and then back in Ohio. In between Joseph was a teacher in a college while they lived in Chicago. By 1918 Joseph was visible working from DC with the Pharmacognosy Laboratory of the Department of
195:
By July 23 press coverage was already significant with reporters phoning or telegraphing stories in across the nation. London papers called about the story and it was reported
European papers had the news in their newspapers too. The local police interviewed many witnesses and possible suspects in
162:
and
Valedictorian. She was one of 76 students receiving a certificate for participating in high school math competition for New York, and July 1 was announced as one of 39 students awarded scholarships at New York University for the 1936-7 school year. She continued her education at
102:
Helen Irene
Clevenger was born November 4, 1917, in Washington, DC, to Joseph F. Clevenger and Mary, née Desbach/Dresbach. Both parents were born in Ohio and married in 1902 in Columbus, while they were employed as teachers. Using materials from Ohio Joseph created a study of
248:
The
Asheville "Tourism Center and Free Museum" run by Joshua P. Warren in 2010 had an exhibit on Clevenger as an unsolved murder. Anne Chesky Smith of the University of Georgia has presented in academic circles on the murder, trial, and Moore's execution, in 2016.
265:
body afterwards. In 2023, a scholarly article published in a peer-reviewed journal summarized Clevenger's life growing up, her and her family's participation in the Bahá'à communities of Washington DC and New York city, and the religious norms they lived by.
184:. While in Asheville, Clevenger was murdered. Clevenger's "upturned face was a bloody pulp". Clevenger's death certificate noted she died of a gunshot wound by a .32 caliber bullet through an autopsy while at the
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Helen's father said "… for fear I was binding my daughter too much to my life and my ideas, I arranged for her to visit her relatives in North Carolina and travel some with her uncle Billy." She was then in
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hotel night janitor, Martin Moore. Moore claimed that he was beaten by detectives into giving a written confession when he was really innocent. Moore was executed in the
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Literature present ghost stories mentions Clevenger haunts where she was killed, the Battery Park Hotel, now Battery Park Apartments since 1996 and up to 2015.
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Full text is unavailable for this digitized archive article. Subscribers may view the full text of this article in its original form through TimesMachine.
513:"Joseph F Clevenger Mentioned in the Death Record of William Harvey Clevenger (Joseph F Clevenger's Son) Death • Illinois, Cook County Deaths, 1871-1998"
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with the name Helen I. Clevenger of Great Kills, Staten Island, NY, and died July 16, 1936, around 1am. She was found wearing a Bahá'à ring with the
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A version was written and approved of by the sheriff in a radio drama aired in April and July 1937. A 2014 play was written on the incident.
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In 1930 the Clevengers owned a home worth $ 5500 in 1930 dollars, (over $ 88000 in 2021 dollars) on Howton Ave in the unincorporated town of
2581:
910:"Domestic and Imported Veratrum (Hellebore), Veratrum Virid AIT., Veratrum Californicum Durand, and Veratrum Album L. II. Chemical Studies"
540:"Joseph F. Clevenger Mentioned in the Death Record of Dora Marie Clevenger (Joseph F. Clevenger's Daughter) Death • Ohio Deaths, 1908-1953"
260:
in 2017. There is also speculation it was a case of mistaken identity in 2017, and referred to in another short-fiction contest story. The
331:
2606:
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1588:
1413:"CO-ED'S UNCLE HELD FOR QUESTIONING; WOLLNER IS FREED; Prof. Clevenger Is Detained on Return to Asheville From Her Funeral in Ohio"
2626:
2276:
Smith, Anne Chesky. 2016. “The Execution of Martin Moore.” Now & Then: The Appalachian Magazine 31, no. 2 (Winter): 5-7.
2616:
2221:
1339:"N.Y.U. students get $ 5,200 scholarships: Awards to 39 Undergraduates at Washington Square College Announced by Dean Loomis"
1128:"Preliminary investigation of certain physical and chemical properties of the volatile oils from authentic plant products"
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1615:"Clevenger slayer gets quick hearing; Negro Is Arraigned Secretly in Asheville on Two Charges Carrying Death Penalty"
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1711:"Slayer of Co-ED dies in lethal gas room; Moore Is Executed at Raleigh for Killing Helen Clevenger of Staten Island"
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593:
558:
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in 1943 after years of medical complications and her father in 1945, retired from the government job about a year.
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Kolins, Steven (September 2023). Graham, Gael (ed.). "The Life, Faith, and Death of Helen Clevenger (1917-1936)".
1291:
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Kolins, Steven (September 2023). Graham, Gael (ed.). "The Life, Faith, and Death of Helen Clevenger (1917-1936)".
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90:(November 4, 1917 – July 16, 1936) was member of the Bahá'à Faith and an American college student murdered in
1372:
1364:
1945:
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1037:
144:
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1386:
139:, and he was employed as a scientist with the federal government. By January 1932 Joseph was visible as a
2191:"Ghost Hunters of Asheville, Historic Montford and Black Mountain @GhostHuntersofAsheville · Tour Agency"
1313:"DeWitt Clinton wins 'math' price: 76 High School Students Get Certificates in the Pi Mu Epsilon Tourney"
2040:
1971:
1262:
1015:
136:
1841:
1024:. Biennial International Record. Vol. 2. New York, NY: Bahá'à Publishing Committee. p. 192.
158:
in 1934. She was a member of the school honors association Arista, editor in chief of the high school
2257:
1873:
1837:
1528:
233:
177:
91:
62:
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777:"Joseph Franklin Clevenger Military • United States World War I Draft Registration Cards, 1917-1918"
117:
1868:
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205:
155:
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newspaper of Asheville has referred to the case a few times: 2015 and 2019. So did the New York
167:, planning to follow her father as a chemist. The family lived on Howton Ave, on Staten Island.
2211:
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151:
8:
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1417:
1091:
809:
776:
574:
539:
512:
483:
410:
377:
185:
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2547:
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2512:
2502:
2217:
2168:
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2014:
2006:
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347:
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318:
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289:
279:
108:
1774:"WNC History: Story behind the accused murderer in 1936 Battery Park Hotel homicide"
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953:
921:
889:
857:
749:
717:
686:
654:
622:
475:
450:
41:
2258:"The Execution of Martin Moore: Racial Injustice in the 1930s U.S. Justice System"
2499:
Murder at Asheville's Battery Park Hotel: the search for Helen Clevenger's killer
1804:
1646:
1489:
1019:
276:
Murder at Asheville's Battery Park Hotel: the search for Helen Clevenger's killer
180:, traveling with her uncle, William Leander Clevenger, 1881-1951, a professor at
140:
1160:"Chemical and Physical Determinations on the Gum and Volatile Oil of Asafœtida"
215:
Dr. Gael Graham, Western Carolina University faculty and peer-review editor of
129:
2516:
293:
2565:
2543:
2010:
1207:
343:
314:
2551:
2018:
1029:
989:
957:
351:
322:
1175:
1143:
925:
893:
861:
753:
721:
690:
658:
626:
192:. Inquiries with the Bahá'Ăs based on the coverage were noted in New York.
1864:"Sold only roll he has ever exposed - Martin shot Clevenger case pictures"
707:"Santolina chamaecyparissus L., an adulterant of matricaria chamomilla L."
643:"Piptostegia Root, Piptostegia Pisonis Mart., so-called "Brazilian Jalap""
1191:
1159:
1127:
1065:
909:
877:
845:
737:
706:
674:
673:
Ewing, Clare Olin; Stanford, Ernest E.; Clevenger, Joseph F. (May 1919).
642:
610:
201:
104:
973:
941:
411:"Joseph Franklin Clevenger Marriage • Ohio, County Marriages, 1789-2016"
487:
228:
2374:
Asheville Historic Inns, Western North Carolina Historical Association
2262:
Voices from the Misty Mountains: Diversity and unity, a new Appalachia
449:(3). Biological Club of the Ohio State University: 272. January 1905.
438:
2316:"Spooky tales of real Asheville murder, hauntings and bloody battles"
454:
1997:
Graham, Gael (September 2023). Graham, Gael (ed.). "Editor's Note".
479:
2343:"NYU student's killer rushed to execution in just 5 months in 1936"
846:"Relative content of volatile oil and ash in sage leaves and stems"
196:
the killing before finally arresting a relatively-new, 22-year-old
1391:
NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections
463:
2289:"Today in Asheville history: Moore executed for Clevenger murder"
1746:"Today in Asheville history: Moore executed for Clevenger murder"
107:
fungi he published in 1905 as well as a brief article on using
1404:
113:
675:"Conium Maculatum L., and Aethusa Cynapium L., an Adulterant"
378:"Helen I. Clevenger Death • North Carolina Deaths, 1931-1994"
197:
1196:
Journal of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists
978:
Journal of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists
946:
Journal of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists
2532:
The Journal of the North Carolina Association of Historians
1999:
The Journal of the North Carolina Association of Historians
942:"Preliminary Report on Methods for Moisture in Crude Drugs"
303:
The Journal of the North Carolina Association of Historians
217:
The Journal of the North Carolina Association of Historians
2396:"Read this year's Indie 500 flash fiction contest winners"
1800:"New book explores 1936 slaying at the Battery Park Hotel"
736:
Clevenger, Joseph F.; Ewing, Clare Olin (December 1919).
1574:
1572:
1371:. Asheville, North Carolina. July 23, 1936. pp. 1,
641:
Ewing, Clare Olin; Clevenger, Joseph F. (October 1918).
2442:"A good room cost $ 1.50 a night and a corner room $ 3"
2239:
Sandford, Jason (December 31, 2010). "Macabre museum".
1557:. Asheville, North Carolina. August 11, 1936. p. 6
940:
Capen, Ruth G; Clevenger, Joseph F. (August 15, 1925).
1972:"Joseph Clevenger dies unexpectedly at Washington, DC"
1444:
1442:
1164:
The Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association
1132:
The Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association
914:
The Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association
882:
The Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association
742:
The Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association
710:
The Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association
679:
The Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association
672:
647:
The Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association
615:
The Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association
1569:
705:
Clevenger, Joseph F.; Ewing, Clare Olin (July 1919).
609:
Ewing, Clare Olin; Clevenger, Joseph F. (July 1918).
2107:"True Detective Mysteries; The Helen Clevenger Case"
2005:. North Carolina Association of Historians: xi–xii.
908:
Viehoever, Arno; Clevenger, Joseph F. (March 1922).
2538:. North Carolina Association of Historians: 43–68.
1439:
844:Viehoever, Arno; Clevenger, Joseph F. (June 1920).
309:. North Carolina Association of Historians: 43–68.
1240:. Hackensack, New Jersey. July 31, 1936. p. 3
907:
850:Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association
843:
338:. The Royal Society of Chemistry (Great Britain).
147:in which he continued service into at least 1935.
2367:
2313:
1290:. Bradenton, Florida. July 17, 1936. pp. 1,
611:"So-Called Syrian Alkanet, Macrotomia Cephalotes"
154:, the religion of the family, and graduated from
2563:
2209:
2095:"Helen Clevenger Case; True Detective Mysteries"
2138:. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
1825:
1387:"Clevenger, W. L. (William Leander), 1881-1951"
1257:
1255:
2340:
1234:"Chemist drafts Clevenger clue report to cops"
1228:
1226:
939:
810:"Helen Irene Clevenger • United States Census"
738:"Partial Analyses of 330 American Crude Drugs"
735:
704:
640:
608:
2393:
1016:"Map showing travels…, (by J. F. Clevenger,)"
231:magazines starting in October 1936 including
2465:
2158:
1587:. D. H. Ramsey Library Special Collections,
1448:
1252:
2439:
1861:
1585:Voices of Asheville Oral History Collection
1365:"Father had dream his daughter faced peril"
1223:
575:"Joseph F Clevenger • United States Census"
464:"Notes on Some North American Phyllachoras"
372:
370:
368:
97:
2216:. The Overmountain Press. pp. 67–77.
1924:. Piqua, Ohio. January 28, 1943. p. 7
1190:Clevenger, Joseph F. (November 15, 1935).
150:Clevenger had been raised a member of the
1589:University of North Carolina at Asheville
1551:"London paper 'phones Brown about arrest"
1345:. New York, N.Y. July 1, 1936. p. 23
1319:. New York, N.Y. May 13, 1934. p. N2
1189:
1157:
1125:
1013:
971:
875:
461:
2238:
1952:. No. 177. November 1945. p. 6
1092:"Helen Clevenger • United States Census"
972:Clevenger, Joseph F. (August 15, 1925).
878:"A Report on the Zamia Starch Situation"
365:
2368:Amy C. Manikowski (September 2, 2017).
2161:"The Spirits of the Battery Park Hotel"
2133:
1978:. Piqua, Ohio. July 12, 1945. p. 8
1499:. No. 103. October 1936. p. 1
143:at the New York Station of the Federal
2592:People from Great Kills, Staten Island
2564:
2529:
2314:Mackensy Lunsford (October 24, 2019).
2159:Traylor, Ken; House, Delas M. (2006).
1996:
1797:
1044:. No. 21. January 1928. p. 5
974:"Preliminary Report on Melting Points"
876:Clevenger, Joseph F. (November 1921).
439:"Hydrofluoric acid for marking slides"
300:
170:
2496:
2255:
2167:. The History Press. pp. 80–83.
1904:. No. 161. March 1943. p. 8
1410:
1263:"Suspect Is Hunted in Co-ed's Murder"
1126:Clevenger, Joseph F. (January 1932).
329:
273:
2582:Deaths by firearm in North Carolina
2421:Shannon Ballard (August 19, 2019).
1826:James M. Rogers (October 3, 1937).
1192:"Volatile Oils in Mace and Nutmegs"
13:
2423:"Murder At The Battery Park Hotel"
2295:. Asheville, NC. December 11, 2015
2041:"Rapist Murder of Co-Ed Clevenger"
1798:Calder, Thomas (August 19, 2021).
1578:
1158:Clevenger, Joseph F. (July 1932).
462:Clevenger, Joseph F. (July 1905).
268:
240:
227:Dramatizations were written up in
14:
2643:
2607:1936 murders in the United States
2597:People murdered in North Carolina
2394:Alli Marshall (August 30, 2017).
2264:. Appalachian Studies Association
1771:
1689:. September 24, 1936. p. 9.
222:
2341:David Krajicek (July 30, 2017).
1918:"Mary Clevenger rites on Friday"
1730:
1695:
1665:
1626:
1431:
2523:
2490:
2468:"The Murder of Helen Clevenger"
2459:
2433:
2414:
2387:
2361:
2334:
2307:
2281:
2247:
2232:
2181:
2152:
2127:
2085:
2067:. November 1936. Archived from
2032:
1990:
1964:
1938:
1888:
1855:
1819:
1791:
1765:
1738:
1703:
1673:
1634:
1607:
1543:
1511:
1482:
1379:
1357:
1331:
1305:
1276:
1272:. July 18, 1936. pp. 1, 6.
1117:
1084:
1058:
1005:
2627:Tottenville High School alumni
2466:F.A. Huffman (July 25, 2020).
2440:Dave Tabler (August 1, 2019).
2243:. Asheville, N.C. pp. T5.
1862:J. P. Brady (April 20, 1958).
1719:. December 12, 1936. p. 9
1623:. August 11, 1936. p. 15.
1519:"Much sent on murder by press"
1411:Acuff, Lloyd (July 25, 1936).
835:
802:
769:
600:
567:
503:
429:
403:
330:Sella, Andrea (May 30, 2024).
1:
1014:Clevenger, Joseph F. (1928).
358:
132:, then head of the religion.
2370:"Murder at the Battery Park"
2165:Asheville Ghosts and Legends
2134:Huffman, Felicia A. (2014).
1681:"Co-Ed's Slayer Gets Review"
1449:Peter Levins (May 3, 1942).
182:North Carolina State College
145:Food and Drug Administration
7:
2497:Smith, Anne Chesky (2021).
2256:Smith, Anne Chesky (2016).
1778:The Asheville Citizen Times
274:Smith, Anne Chesky (2021).
124:, published in volume 2 of
10:
2648:
2602:New York University alumni
2587:Murdered American students
2045:Official Detective Stories
1531:. July 23, 1936. p. 8
137:Great Kills, Staten Island
2632:People from Staten Island
2612:Asheville, North Carolina
2210:Joshua P. Warren (1996).
2099:oldtimeradiodownloads.com
1874:Asheville, North Carolina
1838:Asheville, North Carolina
1529:Asheville, North Carolina
1070:usinflationcalculator.com
1066:"US Inflation Calculator"
1038:"New Bahá'à publications"
178:Asheville, North Carolina
92:Asheville, North Carolina
77:
69:
63:Asheville, North Carolina
48:
27:
20:
2065:True Detective Mysteries
1451:"When Justice Triumphed"
208:, on December 11, 1936.
98:Early life and education
1869:Asheville Citizen-Times
1833:Asheville Citizen-Times
1828:"Bringing in your news"
1751:Asheville Citizen Times
1524:Asheville Citizen-Times
468:The Journal of Mycology
332:"Clevenger's separator"
206:Raleigh, North Carolina
156:Tottenville High School
2622:1936 in North Carolina
2446:Appalachianhistory.net
1208:10.1093/jaoac/18.4.611
1176:10.1002/jps.3080210704
1144:10.1002/jps.3080210108
926:10.1002/jps.3080110303
894:10.1002/jps.3080101106
862:10.1002/jps.3080090605
754:10.1002/jps.3080081206
722:10.1002/jps.3080080705
691:10.1002/jps.3080080505
659:10.1002/jps.3080071007
627:10.1002/jps.3080070707
2472:Macabreatmidnight.com
1642:"Sep 24 1936, Page 3"
1490:"The publication in…"
1111:registration required
990:10.1093/jaoac/8.5.566
958:10.1093/jaoac/8.5.555
829:registration required
796:registration required
594:registration required
559:registration required
532:registration required
397:registration required
2617:20th-century Bahá'Ăs
2501:. History Press US.
2111:vintagebroadcast.com
1976:The Piqua Daily Call
1922:The Piqua Daily Call
1772:Smith, Anne Chesky.
1654:. September 24, 1936
1581:"Booker T. Sherrill"
1288:The Bradenton Herald
783:. September 12, 1918
278:. History Press US.
94:, on July 16, 1936.
2478:on January 24, 2021
519:. November 16, 1910
443:The Ohio Naturalist
171:Death and aftermath
165:New York University
70:Cause of death
2427:Southern Mysteries
2047:. October 15, 1936
1716:The New York Times
1686:The New York Times
1620:The New York Times
1461:New York, New York
1418:The New York Times
1284:"Grief fills home"
1270:The New York Times
262:Southern Mysteries
186:Battery Park Hotel
128:as approved of by
120:, founders of the
22:Helen J. Clevenger
2320:The Citizen-Times
2293:The Citizen-Times
2241:The Citizen-Times
2223:978-1-57072-310-0
2213:Haunted Asheville
2197:. October 4, 2015
2101:. April 22, 1937.
1652:Newspaper Archive
1579:Joynes, Dorothy.
1555:The Citizen-Times
1369:The Citizen-Times
816:. January 7, 1920
748:(12): 1010–1029.
546:. October 2, 1915
109:hydrochloric acid
85:
84:
2639:
2556:
2555:
2527:
2521:
2520:
2494:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2474:. Archived from
2463:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2437:
2431:
2430:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2365:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2338:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2311:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2285:
2279:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2251:
2245:
2244:
2236:
2230:
2227:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2131:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2102:
2089:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2071:on June 12, 2021
2056:
2054:
2052:
2036:
2030:
2029:
1994:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1942:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1859:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1823:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1742:
1736:
1735:
1734:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1699:
1693:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1630:
1624:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1595:on July 17, 2002
1591:. Archived from
1576:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1547:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1494:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1463:. pp. 382,
1446:
1437:
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1435:
1429:
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1408:
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1401:
1399:
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1186:
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1115:
1114:
1107:
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1103:
1096:FamilySearch.org
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1056:
1053:
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1033:
1009:
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1000:
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996:
968:
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964:
936:
934:
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904:
902:
900:
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868:
839:
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823:
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814:FamilySearch.org
806:
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781:FamilySearch.org
773:
767:
764:
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697:
669:
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637:
635:
633:
604:
598:
597:
590:
588:
586:
581:. April 26, 1910
579:FamilySearch.org
571:
565:
562:
555:
553:
551:
544:Familysearch.org
535:
528:
526:
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517:FamilySearch.org
507:
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458:
433:
427:
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415:FamilySearch.org
407:
401:
400:
393:
391:
389:
382:FamilySearch.org
374:
355:
326:
297:
190:ringstone symbol
126:The Bahá'à World
58:
56:
42:Washington, D.C.
38:November 4, 1917
37:
35:
18:
17:
2647:
2646:
2642:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2637:
2636:
2562:
2561:
2560:
2559:
2528:
2524:
2509:
2495:
2491:
2481:
2479:
2464:
2460:
2450:
2448:
2438:
2434:
2420:
2419:
2415:
2405:
2403:
2402:. Asheville, NC
2400:Mountain Xpress
2392:
2388:
2378:
2376:
2366:
2362:
2352:
2350:
2339:
2335:
2325:
2323:
2322:. Asheville, NC
2312:
2308:
2298:
2296:
2287:
2286:
2282:
2267:
2265:
2252:
2248:
2237:
2233:
2224:
2200:
2198:
2189:
2186:
2182:
2175:
2157:
2153:
2146:
2132:
2128:
2116:
2114:
2105:
2093:
2090:
2086:
2074:
2072:
2059:
2050:
2048:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2025:
1995:
1991:
1981:
1979:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1955:
1953:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1927:
1925:
1916:
1907:
1905:
1896:
1893:
1889:
1879:
1877:
1860:
1856:
1846:
1844:
1840:. pp. 13,
1824:
1820:
1810:
1808:
1805:Mountain Xpress
1796:
1792:
1782:
1780:
1770:
1766:
1756:
1754:
1744:
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1739:
1729:
1722:
1720:
1709:
1708:
1704:
1694:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1664:
1657:
1655:
1647:Mount Airy News
1640:
1639:
1635:
1625:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1598:
1596:
1577:
1570:
1560:
1558:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1534:
1532:
1517:
1516:
1512:
1502:
1500:
1492:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1473:
1471:
1447:
1440:
1430:
1423:
1421:
1409:
1405:
1395:
1393:
1385:
1384:
1380:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1348:
1346:
1337:
1336:
1332:
1322:
1320:
1311:
1310:
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1296:
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1265:
1261:
1260:
1253:
1243:
1241:
1232:
1231:
1224:
1212:
1210:
1180:
1178:
1148:
1146:
1122:
1118:
1108:
1101:
1099:
1098:. April 8, 1930
1090:
1089:
1085:
1075:
1073:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1047:
1045:
1036:
1010:
1006:
994:
992:
962:
960:
930:
928:
898:
896:
888:(11): 837–840.
866:
864:
840:
836:
826:
819:
817:
808:
807:
803:
793:
786:
784:
775:
774:
770:
758:
756:
726:
724:
695:
693:
663:
661:
653:(10): 855–858.
631:
629:
605:
601:
591:
584:
582:
573:
572:
568:
556:
549:
547:
538:
529:
522:
520:
511:
508:
504:
492:
490:
480:10.2307/3752889
437:
434:
430:
420:
418:
409:
408:
404:
394:
387:
385:
384:. July 19, 1936
376:
375:
366:
361:
336:Chemistry World
286:
271:
269:Further reading
243:
241:Modern interest
225:
173:
141:pharmacognosist
100:
88:Helen Clevenger
65:
60:
54:
52:
44:
39:
33:
31:
23:
12:
11:
5:
2645:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2558:
2557:
2522:
2507:
2489:
2458:
2432:
2413:
2386:
2360:
2333:
2306:
2280:
2278:
2277:
2274:
2246:
2231:
2229:
2228:
2222:
2207:
2180:
2173:
2151:
2144:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2113:. July 3, 1937
2103:
2084:
2082:
2081:
2031:
1989:
1963:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1914:
1887:
1854:
1818:
1790:
1764:
1737:
1702:
1672:
1633:
1606:
1568:
1542:
1510:
1481:
1438:
1403:
1378:
1356:
1343:New York Times
1330:
1317:New York Times
1304:
1275:
1251:
1222:
1220:
1219:
1202:(4): 611–616.
1187:
1170:(7): 668–670.
1155:
1116:
1083:
1057:
1055:
1054:
1034:
1004:
1002:
1001:
969:
937:
920:(3): 166–174.
905:
873:
856:(6): 563–567.
834:
801:
768:
766:
765:
733:
716:(7): 536–538.
702:
685:(5): 385–390.
670:
638:
621:(7): 591–594.
599:
566:
564:
563:
536:
502:
500:
499:
474:(4): 159–164.
459:
428:
417:. July 1, 1902
402:
363:
362:
360:
357:
284:
270:
267:
242:
239:
234:True Detective
224:
223:Dramatizations
221:
172:
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130:Shoghi Effendi
99:
96:
83:
82:
79:
75:
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71:
67:
66:
61:
50:
46:
45:
40:
29:
25:
24:
21:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2644:
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2518:
2514:
2510:
2508:9781467145602
2504:
2500:
2493:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2462:
2447:
2443:
2436:
2429:. Episode 51.
2428:
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2174:1-59629-156-7
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2145:9781494914196
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2020:
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2012:
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2004:
2000:
1993:
1977:
1973:
1967:
1951:
1947:
1946:"In Memoriam"
1941:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1903:
1899:
1898:"In Memoriam"
1895:
1894:
1891:
1875:
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983:
979:
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951:
947:
943:
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927:
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859:
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851:
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830:
815:
811:
805:
797:
782:
778:
772:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
734:
723:
719:
715:
711:
708:
703:
692:
688:
684:
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648:
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628:
624:
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612:
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570:
560:
545:
541:
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489:
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477:
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308:
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285:9781467145602
281:
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254:Citizen-Times
250:
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119:
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106:
95:
93:
89:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
59:July 16, 1936
51:
47:
43:
30:
26:
19:
16:
2535:
2531:
2525:
2498:
2492:
2480:. Retrieved
2476:the original
2471:
2461:
2449:. Retrieved
2445:
2435:
2426:
2416:
2404:. Retrieved
2399:
2389:
2377:. Retrieved
2373:
2363:
2351:. Retrieved
2346:
2336:
2324:. Retrieved
2319:
2309:
2297:. Retrieved
2292:
2283:
2266:. Retrieved
2261:
2249:
2240:
2234:
2212:
2199:. Retrieved
2195:Facebook.com
2194:
2183:
2164:
2154:
2136:Battery Park
2135:
2129:
2115:. Retrieved
2110:
2098:
2087:
2073:. Retrieved
2069:the original
2064:
2049:. Retrieved
2044:
2034:
2022:
2002:
1998:
1992:
1980:. Retrieved
1975:
1966:
1954:. Retrieved
1949:
1940:
1926:. Retrieved
1921:
1906:. Retrieved
1901:
1890:
1878:. Retrieved
1876:. p. 29
1867:
1857:
1845:. Retrieved
1831:
1821:
1809:. Retrieved
1803:
1793:
1781:. Retrieved
1777:
1767:
1755:. Retrieved
1749:
1740:
1721:. Retrieved
1714:
1705:
1690:
1684:
1675:
1656:. Retrieved
1645:
1636:
1618:
1609:
1597:. Retrieved
1593:the original
1584:
1559:. Retrieved
1554:
1545:
1533:. Retrieved
1522:
1513:
1501:. Retrieved
1496:
1484:
1472:. Retrieved
1454:
1422:. Retrieved
1416:
1406:
1394:. Retrieved
1390:
1381:
1368:
1359:
1347:. Retrieved
1342:
1333:
1321:. Retrieved
1316:
1307:
1295:. Retrieved
1287:
1278:
1269:
1242:. Retrieved
1237:
1211:. Retrieved
1199:
1195:
1179:. Retrieved
1167:
1163:
1147:. Retrieved
1138:(1): 30–34.
1135:
1131:
1119:
1100:. Retrieved
1095:
1086:
1074:. Retrieved
1069:
1060:
1046:. Retrieved
1041:
1021:Baha'i World
1020:
1007:
993:. Retrieved
981:
977:
961:. Retrieved
949:
945:
929:. Retrieved
917:
913:
897:. Retrieved
885:
881:
865:. Retrieved
853:
849:
837:
818:. Retrieved
813:
804:
785:. Retrieved
780:
771:
757:. Retrieved
745:
741:
725:. Retrieved
713:
709:
694:. Retrieved
682:
678:
662:. Retrieved
650:
646:
630:. Retrieved
618:
614:
602:
583:. Retrieved
578:
569:
548:. Retrieved
543:
521:. Retrieved
516:
505:
491:. Retrieved
471:
467:
446:
442:
431:
419:. Retrieved
414:
405:
386:. Retrieved
381:
335:
328:
306:
302:
299:
275:
272:
261:
257:
253:
251:
247:
244:
232:
226:
216:
214:
210:
194:
174:
159:
152:Bahá'à Faith
149:
134:
125:
122:Bahá'à Faith
101:
87:
86:
15:
2577:1936 deaths
2572:1917 births
1950:Baha'i News
1902:Baha'i News
1497:Baha'i News
1042:Baha'i News
258:Daily Times
202:gas chamber
118:Bahá’u’lláh
105:Phyllachora
78:Nationality
2566:Categories
2517:1252763042
2349:. New York
2347:Daily News
1456:Daily News
1238:The Record
984:(5): 566.
952:(5): 555.
359:References
294:1252763042
229:true crime
55:1936-07-16
34:1917-11-04
2544:1078-4330
2061:"(cover)"
2011:1078-4330
1811:August 9,
1783:August 9,
1757:August 9,
1658:August 9,
1599:August 9,
1424:August 9,
1396:August 9,
455:1811/1426
344:1749-5318
315:1078-4330
2552:52634307
2482:June 17,
2451:June 17,
2406:June 17,
2379:June 12,
2353:June 17,
2326:June 17,
2299:June 17,
2268:June 12,
2201:June 17,
2117:June 12,
2075:June 12,
2051:June 12,
2019:52634307
1982:June 19,
1956:June 14,
1928:June 19,
1908:June 14,
1880:June 13,
1847:June 13,
1561:June 17,
1535:June 15,
1503:June 12,
1474:June 13,
1349:June 12,
1323:June 12,
1297:June 12,
1244:June 12,
1213:June 12,
1181:June 12,
1149:June 12,
1102:June 12,
1076:June 12,
1048:June 12,
1030:59428606
995:June 12,
963:June 12,
931:June 12,
899:June 12,
867:June 12,
820:June 12,
787:June 12,
759:June 12,
727:June 12,
696:June 12,
664:June 12,
632:June 12,
585:June 12,
550:June 12,
523:June 12,
493:June 12,
421:June 12,
388:June 12,
352:54356261
323:52634307
81:American
73:Gun shot
488:3752889
2550:
2542:
2515:
2505:
2220:
2171:
2142:
2017:
2009:
1723:May 4,
1072:. 2021
1028:
486:
350:
342:
321:
313:
292:
282:
160:Digest
1493:(PDF)
1266:(PDF)
484:JSTOR
198:negro
2548:OCLC
2540:ISSN
2513:OCLC
2503:ISBN
2484:2021
2453:2021
2408:2021
2381:2021
2355:2021
2328:2021
2301:2021
2270:2021
2218:ISBN
2203:2021
2169:ISBN
2140:ISBN
2119:2021
2077:2021
2053:2021
2015:OCLC
2007:ISSN
1984:2021
1958:2021
1930:2021
1910:2021
1882:2021
1849:2021
1813:2022
1785:2022
1759:2022
1725:2010
1660:2022
1601:2022
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